PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
26518175-0	2016	All-trans-retinoic acid and retinol binding to the FA1 site of human serum albumin competitively inhibits heme-Fe(III) association.	Vitamin A	28-35	albumin	Homo sapiens	69-82
27708207-1	2016	Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, known also as 24p3 lipocalin, lipocalin-2 or uterocalin (in mouse), is a small secretory protein binding small molecular weight ligands which takes part in numerous processes including apoptosis induction in leukocytes, iron transport, smell, and prostaglandins and retinol transport [19].	Vitamin A	310-317	lipocalin 2	Mus musculus	0-42
27708207-1	2016	Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, known also as 24p3 lipocalin, lipocalin-2 or uterocalin (in mouse), is a small secretory protein binding small molecular weight ligands which takes part in numerous processes including apoptosis induction in leukocytes, iron transport, smell, and prostaglandins and retinol transport [19].	Vitamin A	310-317	lipocalin 2	Mus musculus	74-85
26373900-2	2016	The disorder is caused by mutations in STRA6, an important regulator of vitamin A and retinoic acid metabolism.	Vitamin A	72-81	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	39-44
27650990-1	2016	Since transthyretin (TTR) was discovered, it has been regarded as a serum protein carrier of thyroid hormones and retinol.	Vitamin A	114-121	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	6-19
27650990-1	2016	Since transthyretin (TTR) was discovered, it has been regarded as a serum protein carrier of thyroid hormones and retinol.	Vitamin A	114-121	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	21-24
25980532-5	2016	Mass spectrometry analysis of the CSF identified retinol binding protein 4 (Rbp4), which transports retinol, the precursor to retinoic acid (RA).	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	76-80
25980532-8	2016	Zebrafish rbp4 is highly expressed in the yolk syncytial layer, suggesting Rbp4 protein and retinol/RA precursors can be transported into the CSF from the yolk.	Vitamin A	92-99	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	10-14
26729079-0	2015	The Alterations in the Expression and Function of P-Glycoprotein in Vitamin A-Deficient Rats as well as the Effect of Drug Disposition in Vivo.	Vitamin A	68-77	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	50-64
26820949-4	2016	Green and red fluorescent versions of Vita-Assay  (AG6W and AR6W) allow for direct visualization of CAM-uptake by cancer cells.	Vitamin A	38-42	calmodulin 3	Homo sapiens	100-103
26156540-2	2016	Vitamin A is delivered by a specific binding protein called retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) a soluble protein, emerging to have a role in insulin resistance, the major cause of diabetes is highly associated with adipose tissue inflammation and obesity with action.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	60-85
26156540-2	2016	Vitamin A is delivered by a specific binding protein called retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) a soluble protein, emerging to have a role in insulin resistance, the major cause of diabetes is highly associated with adipose tissue inflammation and obesity with action.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	87-91
26472732-8	2016	Moreover, synthetic steroids (methyltestosterone and nandrolone) used as anabolics as well as all-trans-retinol were for the first time identified as substrates of DHRS8.	Vitamin A	94-111	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 11	Homo sapiens	164-169
26500165-1	2016	Melanopsin (Opn4), a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family, is a vitamin A-based opsin in the vertebrate retina that has been shown to be involved in the synchronization of circadian rhythms, pupillary light reflexes, melatonin suppression and other light-regulated tasks.	Vitamin A	75-84	opsin 4	Homo sapiens	0-10
26500165-1	2016	Melanopsin (Opn4), a member of the G-protein-coupled receptor family, is a vitamin A-based opsin in the vertebrate retina that has been shown to be involved in the synchronization of circadian rhythms, pupillary light reflexes, melatonin suppression and other light-regulated tasks.	Vitamin A	75-84	opsin 4	Homo sapiens	12-16
27830500-3	2016	sRBP transports the highly lipophilic retinol through an aqueous medium.	Vitamin A	38-45	sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
27830500-4	2016	The major intracellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP1, likely enhances efficient retinoid use by providing a sink to facilitate retinol uptake from sRBP through the plasma membrane or via Stra6, delivering retinol or retinal to select enzymes that generate retinyl esters or retinoic acid, and protecting retinol/retinal from excess catabolism or opportunistic metabolism.	Vitamin A	24-31	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
27830500-4	2016	The major intracellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP1, likely enhances efficient retinoid use by providing a sink to facilitate retinol uptake from sRBP through the plasma membrane or via Stra6, delivering retinol or retinal to select enzymes that generate retinyl esters or retinoic acid, and protecting retinol/retinal from excess catabolism or opportunistic metabolism.	Vitamin A	24-31	sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	Homo sapiens	149-153
27830500-4	2016	The major intracellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP1, likely enhances efficient retinoid use by providing a sink to facilitate retinol uptake from sRBP through the plasma membrane or via Stra6, delivering retinol or retinal to select enzymes that generate retinyl esters or retinoic acid, and protecting retinol/retinal from excess catabolism or opportunistic metabolism.	Vitamin A	24-31	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	189-194
27830500-7	2016	Metabolic and functional defects manifested in knockouts of CRBP1, CRBP2 and CRBP3, however, illustrate their essentiality to health, and in the case of CRBP2, to survival during limited dietary vitamin A.	Vitamin A	195-204	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
27830500-7	2016	Metabolic and functional defects manifested in knockouts of CRBP1, CRBP2 and CRBP3, however, illustrate their essentiality to health, and in the case of CRBP2, to survival during limited dietary vitamin A.	Vitamin A	195-204	retinol binding protein 5	Homo sapiens	77-82
27830500-7	2016	Metabolic and functional defects manifested in knockouts of CRBP1, CRBP2 and CRBP3, however, illustrate their essentiality to health, and in the case of CRBP2, to survival during limited dietary vitamin A.	Vitamin A	195-204	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	153-158
27830501-0	2016	Vitamin A Transport and Cell Signaling by the Retinol-Binding Protein Receptor STRA6.	Vitamin A	0-9	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	79-84
27830501-1	2016	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	49-72
27830501-1	2016	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-77
27830501-1	2016	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	49-72
27830501-1	2016	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-77
27830501-2	2016	In some tissues, the retinol-RBP complex (holo-RBP) is recognized by a membrane receptor, termed STRA6, which mediates uptake of retinol into cells.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	29-32
27830501-2	2016	In some tissues, the retinol-RBP complex (holo-RBP) is recognized by a membrane receptor, termed STRA6, which mediates uptake of retinol into cells.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-50
27830501-2	2016	In some tissues, the retinol-RBP complex (holo-RBP) is recognized by a membrane receptor, termed STRA6, which mediates uptake of retinol into cells.	Vitamin A	21-28	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	97-102
27830501-2	2016	In some tissues, the retinol-RBP complex (holo-RBP) is recognized by a membrane receptor, termed STRA6, which mediates uptake of retinol into cells.	Vitamin A	129-136	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	29-32
27830501-2	2016	In some tissues, the retinol-RBP complex (holo-RBP) is recognized by a membrane receptor, termed STRA6, which mediates uptake of retinol into cells.	Vitamin A	129-136	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-50
27830501-2	2016	In some tissues, the retinol-RBP complex (holo-RBP) is recognized by a membrane receptor, termed STRA6, which mediates uptake of retinol into cells.	Vitamin A	129-136	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	97-102
27830501-4	2016	It has further been shown that retinol transport and cell signaling by STRA6 are critically interdependent and that both are coupled to intracellular vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	31-38	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	71-76
27830501-4	2016	It has further been shown that retinol transport and cell signaling by STRA6 are critically interdependent and that both are coupled to intracellular vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	150-159	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	71-76
27830502-3	2016	Since retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a protein that is required for mobilizing stored vitamin A, is synthesized solely by hepatocytes and not HSCs, it similarly is not known how vitamin A is transferred from HSCs to hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	89-98	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	6-31
27830502-3	2016	Since retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a protein that is required for mobilizing stored vitamin A, is synthesized solely by hepatocytes and not HSCs, it similarly is not known how vitamin A is transferred from HSCs to hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	89-98	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	33-37
27830502-4	2016	Although it has long been thought that RBP4 is absolutely essential for delivering vitamin A to tissues, recent research has proven that this notion is incorrect since total RBP4-deficiency is not lethal.	Vitamin A	83-92	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
27830506-0	2016	Vitamin A as PKC Co-factor and Regulator of Mitochondrial Energetics.	Vitamin A	0-9	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	13-16
27830506-4	2016	Our current model supports direct binding of vitamin A to the activation domains of serine/threonine kinases, such as protein kinase C (PKC) and Raf isoforms, where it is involved in redox activation of these proteins.	Vitamin A	45-54	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	136-139
27830506-4	2016	Our current model supports direct binding of vitamin A to the activation domains of serine/threonine kinases, such as protein kinase C (PKC) and Raf isoforms, where it is involved in redox activation of these proteins.	Vitamin A	45-54	zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2	Homo sapiens	145-148
27830506-11	2016	This unique function of vitamin A is the first example of a general system that connects the one-electron redox chemistry of a heme protein (cytochrome c) with the two-electron chemistry of a classical phosphoprotein (PKCdelta).	Vitamin A	24-33	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	141-153
27830506-11	2016	This unique function of vitamin A is the first example of a general system that connects the one-electron redox chemistry of a heme protein (cytochrome c) with the two-electron chemistry of a classical phosphoprotein (PKCdelta).	Vitamin A	24-33	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	218-226
30284430-4	2016	The carriers of the I148M PNPLA3 mutation was not observed concentration reduction in liver vitamin A with increasing severity of the disease, but the observed decrease in the level of circulating retinyl palmitate and retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	92-101	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	26-32
30284430-4	2016	The carriers of the I148M PNPLA3 mutation was not observed concentration reduction in liver vitamin A with increasing severity of the disease, but the observed decrease in the level of circulating retinyl palmitate and retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	219-226	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	26-32
26513158-0	2016	The oxytocin-CD38-vitamin A axis in pregnant women involves both hypothalamic and placental regulation.	Vitamin A	18-27	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	13-17
26513158-3	2016	CD38 levels, which were found to be low in LBCs derived from autistic patients, is upregulated upon the addition of a vitamin A derivative.	Vitamin A	118-127	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-4
26513158-6	2016	We aimed to examine the tripartite relationship between oxytocin, CD38 and vitamin A in pregnant women and their newborns.	Vitamin A	75-84	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	66-70
27373883-1	2016	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vitamin A has been linked to the development of allergic diseases although its role is not fully understood, Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of Vitamin A, has been previously associated with the prostaglandin pathway, and PTGDR, a receptor of PGD2, has been proposed as a candidate gene in allergy and asthma.	Vitamin A	26-35	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	249-254
27373883-1	2016	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vitamin A has been linked to the development of allergic diseases although its role is not fully understood, Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of Vitamin A, has been previously associated with the prostaglandin pathway, and PTGDR, a receptor of PGD2, has been proposed as a candidate gene in allergy and asthma.	Vitamin A	171-180	prostaglandin D2 receptor	Homo sapiens	249-254
26729079-1	2015	This study was aimed to investigate whether vitamin A deficiency could alter P-GP expression and function in tissues of rats and whether such effects affected the drug distribution in vivo of vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	44-53	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
26694648-3	2015	This can be accomplished by inhibiting RPE65, which produces 11-cis-retinol from all-trans-retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	61-75	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
26649066-10	2015	Global microarray analysis of the hypothalamus indicate an overall reduction in gene sets associated with feeding behaviour (P < 0.01) and an up-regulation of gene sets associated with retinol metabolism in the HFD + Lac group compared to the HFD group (P < 0.01).	Vitamin A	188-195	lactase	Mus musculus	220-223
26566243-9	2015	Vitamin A also enhanced the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and decreased interleukin-10, effects partially reversed by aerobic training.	Vitamin A	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	38-65
27117846-9	2016	Expression of the retinol-metabolizing aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme ALDH1A2 was repressed in the liver of DHEA rats, whereas ALDH1A1 expression was unaltered.	Vitamin A	18-25	aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	39-61
27117846-9	2016	Expression of the retinol-metabolizing aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme ALDH1A2 was repressed in the liver of DHEA rats, whereas ALDH1A1 expression was unaltered.	Vitamin A	18-25	aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
27117846-9	2016	Expression of the retinol-metabolizing aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme ALDH1A2 was repressed in the liver of DHEA rats, whereas ALDH1A1 expression was unaltered.	Vitamin A	18-25	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2	Rattus norvegicus	76-83
27117846-9	2016	Expression of the retinol-metabolizing aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzyme ALDH1A2 was repressed in the liver of DHEA rats, whereas ALDH1A1 expression was unaltered.	Vitamin A	18-25	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	133-140
26566243-9	2015	Vitamin A also enhanced the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and decreased interleukin-10, effects partially reversed by aerobic training.	Vitamin A	0-9	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	80-94
26459513-5	2015	These novel scenarios involve: (i) other nuclear receptors such as PPAR beta/delta, which regulate the expression of other target genes with other functions; (ii) extranuclear and nontranscriptional effects, such as the activation of kinases, which phosphorylate RARs and other transcription factors, thus expanding the list of the RA-activated genes; (iii) finally, vitamin A is active per se and can work as a cytokine that regulates gene transcription by activating STRA6.	Vitamin A	367-376	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	67-76
26459513-5	2015	These novel scenarios involve: (i) other nuclear receptors such as PPAR beta/delta, which regulate the expression of other target genes with other functions; (ii) extranuclear and nontranscriptional effects, such as the activation of kinases, which phosphorylate RARs and other transcription factors, thus expanding the list of the RA-activated genes; (iii) finally, vitamin A is active per se and can work as a cytokine that regulates gene transcription by activating STRA6.	Vitamin A	367-376	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	469-474
26529431-1	2015	AKR1B10 is an NADPH-dependent reductase that plays an important function in several physiological reactions such as the conversion of retinal to retinol, reduction of isoprenyl aldehydes, and biotransformation of procarcinogens and drugs.	Vitamin A	145-152	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens	0-7
26439088-6	2015	The content of retinyl-palmitate was elevated and the ratio of retinol/retinyl-palmitate was reduced in liver extracts obtained from homozygous PNPLA3 I148M minor allele carriers.	Vitamin A	63-70	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	144-150
26439088-9	2015	CONCLUSIONS: The increased content of hepatic retinyl-palmitate and the reduced ratio of retinol/retinyl-palmitate in PNPLA3 I148M minor allele carriers support in vitro findings of an altered retinyl-palmitate lipase activity.	Vitamin A	89-96	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	118-124
26618989-10	2015	These studies, taken together with previously documented NAD+ dependent interaction of RBPs with ER-associated enzymes of retinal catalysis, implicate functions of this newly described NMNAT1-Rbp7 fusion protein in retinol oxidation.	Vitamin A	215-222	nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 1	Danio rerio	185-191
26618989-10	2015	These studies, taken together with previously documented NAD+ dependent interaction of RBPs with ER-associated enzymes of retinal catalysis, implicate functions of this newly described NMNAT1-Rbp7 fusion protein in retinol oxidation.	Vitamin A	215-222	retinol binding protein 7a, cellular	Danio rerio	192-196
26567199-1	2015	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), previously called retinol binding protein (RBP), is considered a specific carrier of retinol in the blood.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
26567199-1	2015	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), previously called retinol binding protein (RBP), is considered a specific carrier of retinol in the blood.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
26567199-1	2015	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), previously called retinol binding protein (RBP), is considered a specific carrier of retinol in the blood.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-30
26416422-3	2015	We show further that KLF2 suppresses tumor development by controlling the transcriptional activity of the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA).	Vitamin A	106-115	Kruppel like factor 2	Homo sapiens	21-25
26391396-3	2015	Oxidation of 11-cis-retinol to 11-cis-retinal is accomplished by a family of enzymes termed 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenases, including RDH5 and RDH11.	Vitamin A	13-27	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Mus musculus	133-137
26391396-3	2015	Oxidation of 11-cis-retinol to 11-cis-retinal is accomplished by a family of enzymes termed 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenases, including RDH5 and RDH11.	Vitamin A	13-27	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Mus musculus	142-147
26527142-2	2015	Besides the transportation of thyroxin and vitamin A, it is also involved in the proteolysis of apolipoprotein A1 and Abeta peptide.	Vitamin A	43-52	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	96-113
25900735-12	2015	Transcriptional analysis of RPWAT showed that feeding the vitamin A-enriched diet augmented the expression of adipogenic/adipose tissue-specific genes; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, stearoyl CoA desaturase 1, retinol saturase, leptin and lipoprotein lipase and vitamin A metabolic pathway genes; retinoic acid receptors, retinoid X receptors and cytochrome P450 26B1.	Vitamin A	58-67	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	202-227
25900735-12	2015	Transcriptional analysis of RPWAT showed that feeding the vitamin A-enriched diet augmented the expression of adipogenic/adipose tissue-specific genes; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, stearoyl CoA desaturase 1, retinol saturase, leptin and lipoprotein lipase and vitamin A metabolic pathway genes; retinoic acid receptors, retinoid X receptors and cytochrome P450 26B1.	Vitamin A	58-67	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	366-386
26537191-1	2015	Retinols are metabolized into retinoic acids by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (Raldh).	Vitamin A	0-8	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	71-74
26807202-2	2015	Cellular retinol binding protein-1 (CRBP-1) regulates retinol bioavailability and cell differentiation, but its role in lung cancerogenesis remains uncertain.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	36-42
26807202-9	2015	At >1muM concentrations, all trans-retinoic acid and retinol reduced viability more in CRBP-1(+) than in CRBP-1(-) A549 cells.	Vitamin A	56-63	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	90-99
26807202-9	2015	At >1muM concentrations, all trans-retinoic acid and retinol reduced viability more in CRBP-1(+) than in CRBP-1(-) A549 cells.	Vitamin A	56-63	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	90-96
25899830-8	2015	Up-regulation of MZF-1 via calcitriol and vitamin A induces expression of CTGF and NOV, implicating a role for these vitamins in the functions of these two genes.	Vitamin A	42-51	myeloid zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
25899830-8	2015	Up-regulation of MZF-1 via calcitriol and vitamin A induces expression of CTGF and NOV, implicating a role for these vitamins in the functions of these two genes.	Vitamin A	42-51	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	74-78
26537191-6	2015	Blockade of retinol metabolism in mice given 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of ADH, and ablated Raldh1 gene manifested increased migration of Tregs, eventually protected against Con A-mediated hepatitis by decreasing interferon-gamma in T cells.	Vitamin A	12-19	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	79-82
26537191-6	2015	Blockade of retinol metabolism in mice given 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of ADH, and ablated Raldh1 gene manifested increased migration of Tregs, eventually protected against Con A-mediated hepatitis by decreasing interferon-gamma in T cells.	Vitamin A	12-19	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	96-102
26537191-6	2015	Blockade of retinol metabolism in mice given 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of ADH, and ablated Raldh1 gene manifested increased migration of Tregs, eventually protected against Con A-mediated hepatitis by decreasing interferon-gamma in T cells.	Vitamin A	12-19	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	217-233
26429662-7	2015	Vitamin A supplementation also increased the levels of nuclear respiratory factor (NFR)-1 and mitochondrial transcription factor-A (TFAM) in normal colon tissue and in colon tissue under inflammatory conditions.	Vitamin A	0-9	nuclear respiratory factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-89
26429662-9	2015	Vitamin A effectively protects colon mitochondria by upregulation of mitochondrial transcription factors, NFR-1 and TFAM, and prevents inflammatory and necrotic changes in colitis.	Vitamin A	0-9	transcription factor A, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	116-120
26490046-9	2015	Children with AA at nucleotide 1695 in GSTP1 who had been exposed to ETS and a low vitamin A intake have an increased risk of asthma diagnosis (aOR, 4.44; 95 % CI,1.58-12.52) compared with children who had not been exposed to the two risk factors.	Vitamin A	83-92	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	39-44
26281976-0	2015	beta-Lactoglobulin mutant Lys69Asn has attenuated IgE and increased retinol binding activity.	Vitamin A	68-75	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	0-18
26281976-6	2015	Lys69Asn beta-LG has a fourfold stronger affinity than the wild-type protein for retinol, palmitic acid, and resveratrol, as determined by quenching of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence.	Vitamin A	81-88	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	9-16
26483874-7	2015	Our laboratory focuses on the ability of dietary vitamin A to decrease CRC cell proliferation and invasion via RAR-independent pathways.	Vitamin A	49-58	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	111-114
26429662-7	2015	Vitamin A supplementation also increased the levels of nuclear respiratory factor (NFR)-1 and mitochondrial transcription factor-A (TFAM) in normal colon tissue and in colon tissue under inflammatory conditions.	Vitamin A	0-9	transcription factor A, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
25833683-2	2015	The GRX line is an activated HSC model that can be induced by all-trans-retinol to accumulate lipid droplets.	Vitamin A	62-79	glutaredoxin	Homo sapiens	4-7
25833683-4	2015	We evaluated the effects of 0.1 muM of resveratrol in retinol-induced GRX quiescence by investigating the interference of SIRT1 and PPARgamma on cell lipogenesis.	Vitamin A	54-61	glutaredoxin	Homo sapiens	70-73
25833683-7	2015	Resveratrol-mediated SIRT1 stimuli did not induce lipogenesis and reduced the retinol-mediated fat-storing capacity in GRX.	Vitamin A	78-85	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
25833683-7	2015	Resveratrol-mediated SIRT1 stimuli did not induce lipogenesis and reduced the retinol-mediated fat-storing capacity in GRX.	Vitamin A	78-85	glutaredoxin	Homo sapiens	119-122
26012852-10	2015	The observed high hs-CRP level and low RBP4 level in migraine patients suggest that vitamin A might play a major role in the pathogenesis of migraine.	Vitamin A	84-93	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
26005912-4	2015	The early suppression of vitamin A increased the preadipocyte number in Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle in the early growth period (P<0.001) and the neutral lipid content and composition (higher MUFA and lower SFA content) at the end of the finishing period (P<0.05).	Vitamin A	25-34	Monounsaturated fatty acid percentage	Sus scrofa	199-203
26422233-3	2015	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary vitamin A supplement levels on respiratory mucin and IgA production in chicks.	Vitamin A	63-72	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	106-111
26004193-0	2015	Vitamin A supplementation leads to increases in regulatory CD4+Foxp3+LAP+ T cells in mice.	Vitamin A	0-9	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	59-62
26004193-0	2015	Vitamin A supplementation leads to increases in regulatory CD4+Foxp3+LAP+ T cells in mice.	Vitamin A	0-9	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	63-68
26004193-0	2015	Vitamin A supplementation leads to increases in regulatory CD4+Foxp3+LAP+ T cells in mice.	Vitamin A	0-9	eye lens aplasia	Mus musculus	69-72
26004193-5	2015	Conversely, supplemented mice showed higher frequencies of CD4+Foxp3+LAP+ regulatory T cells in gut lymphoid tissues and spleen, suggesting that vitamin A supplementation in the diet may be beneficial in pathologic situations such as inflammatory bowel diseases.	Vitamin A	145-154	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	59-62
26004193-5	2015	Conversely, supplemented mice showed higher frequencies of CD4+Foxp3+LAP+ regulatory T cells in gut lymphoid tissues and spleen, suggesting that vitamin A supplementation in the diet may be beneficial in pathologic situations such as inflammatory bowel diseases.	Vitamin A	145-154	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	63-68
26004193-5	2015	Conversely, supplemented mice showed higher frequencies of CD4+Foxp3+LAP+ regulatory T cells in gut lymphoid tissues and spleen, suggesting that vitamin A supplementation in the diet may be beneficial in pathologic situations such as inflammatory bowel diseases.	Vitamin A	145-154	eye lens aplasia	Mus musculus	69-72
26422233-5	2015	Compared with control birds, vitamin A supplementation significantly increased the mucin and IgA levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as well as the IgA level in serum.	Vitamin A	29-38	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	83-88
26422233-6	2015	In the lungs, vitamin A supplementation downregulated TNF-alpha and EGFR mRNA expression.	Vitamin A	14-23	lipopolysaccharide induced TNF factor	Gallus gallus	54-63
26422233-6	2015	In the lungs, vitamin A supplementation downregulated TNF-alpha and EGFR mRNA expression.	Vitamin A	14-23	epidermal growth factor receptor	Gallus gallus	68-72
26422233-7	2015	The TGF-beta and MUC5AC mRNA expression levels were upregulated by vitamin A supplementation at a dose of 6,000 IU/kg, and the IL-13 mRNA expression level was increased at the 12,000 IU/kg supplement level.	Vitamin A	67-76	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	17-23
26422233-11	2015	This study suggested that a suitable level of vitamin A is essential for the secretion of IgA and mucin in the respiratory tract by regulating the gene expression of cytokines and epithelial growth factors.	Vitamin A	46-55	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	98-103
26276871-1	2015	In the present study, we aimed at identifying the mechanisms whereby the vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) promotes the formation of plasma cells upon stimulation of B cells via the innate immunity receptors TLR9 and RP105.	Vitamin A	73-82	toll like receptor 9	Homo sapiens	224-228
26394147-6	2015	Moreover, excess Rdh10a enhances embryonic sensitivity to retinol, which has relatively mild teratogenic effects compared to retinal and RA treatment.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol dehydrogenase 10a	Danio rerio	17-23
26276871-1	2015	In the present study, we aimed at identifying the mechanisms whereby the vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) promotes the formation of plasma cells upon stimulation of B cells via the innate immunity receptors TLR9 and RP105.	Vitamin A	73-82	CD180 molecule	Homo sapiens	233-238
26283477-7	2015	We also show that vitamin A metabolism, as measured by ALDH activity, was preferentially found in CD103(+)CD11b(+) DC and was strongly downregulated in all mucosal DC subsets during infection.	Vitamin A	18-27	integrin alpha E, epithelial-associated	Mus musculus	98-103
26283477-7	2015	We also show that vitamin A metabolism, as measured by ALDH activity, was preferentially found in CD103(+)CD11b(+) DC and was strongly downregulated in all mucosal DC subsets during infection.	Vitamin A	18-27	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	106-111
26367011-8	2015	Further, in silico knockouts of genes and reactions in the vitamin A pathway predict that deletion of Lipe, hormone-sensitive lipase, disrupts the RA pulse thereby causing spermatogenic defects.	Vitamin A	59-68	lipase, hormone sensitive	Mus musculus	102-106
26367011-8	2015	Further, in silico knockouts of genes and reactions in the vitamin A pathway predict that deletion of Lipe, hormone-sensitive lipase, disrupts the RA pulse thereby causing spermatogenic defects.	Vitamin A	59-68	lipase, hormone sensitive	Mus musculus	108-132
25781688-0	2015	First trimester concentrations of the TTR-RBP4-retinol complex components as early markers of insulin-treated gestational diabetes mellitus.	Vitamin A	47-54	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	38-41
25372987-2	2015	Besides transportation of thyroxin and vitamin-A, its role towards the catalysis of apolipoprotein-A1 and Abeta-peptide are also drawing interest.	Vitamin A	39-48	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	84-101
26343735-0	2015	Vitamin A Transport Mechanism of the Multitransmembrane Cell-Surface Receptor STRA6.	Vitamin A	0-9	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	78-83
26343735-4	2015	This "drug delivery system" is mediated by plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the principle and specific vitamin A carrier protein in the blood, and STRA6, the cell-surface receptor for RBP that mediates cellular vitamin A uptake.	Vitamin A	108-117	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	43-73
26343735-4	2015	This "drug delivery system" is mediated by plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the principle and specific vitamin A carrier protein in the blood, and STRA6, the cell-surface receptor for RBP that mediates cellular vitamin A uptake.	Vitamin A	108-117	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	75-78
26343735-4	2015	This "drug delivery system" is mediated by plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the principle and specific vitamin A carrier protein in the blood, and STRA6, the cell-surface receptor for RBP that mediates cellular vitamin A uptake.	Vitamin A	216-225	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	152-157
26343735-4	2015	This "drug delivery system" is mediated by plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the principle and specific vitamin A carrier protein in the blood, and STRA6, the cell-surface receptor for RBP that mediates cellular vitamin A uptake.	Vitamin A	216-225	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	189-192
26343735-5	2015	The mechanism by which the RBP receptor absorbs vitamin A from the blood is distinct from other known cellular uptake mechanisms.	Vitamin A	48-57	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-30
26181715-1	2015	Antagonists of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) impede ocular uptake of serum all-trans retinol (1) and have been shown to reduce cytotoxic bisretinoid formation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which is associated with the pathogenesis of both dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt disease.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	42-46
25781688-0	2015	First trimester concentrations of the TTR-RBP4-retinol complex components as early markers of insulin-treated gestational diabetes mellitus.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	42-46
25726762-4	2015	Retinol was produced by the ybbO gene of E. coli which encodes oxidoreductase and retinyl acetate was produced by the chloramphenicol resistance gene, called cat gene which encodes chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, present within the pS-NA plasmid that also contains the mevalonate pathway.	Vitamin A	0-7	oxidoreductase	Escherichia coli	63-77
26136304-1	2015	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is synthesized in the liver where it binds vitamin A, retinol, and transports it to tissues throughout the body.	Vitamin A	76-85	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
26136304-1	2015	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is synthesized in the liver where it binds vitamin A, retinol, and transports it to tissues throughout the body.	Vitamin A	76-85	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
26136304-1	2015	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is synthesized in the liver where it binds vitamin A, retinol, and transports it to tissues throughout the body.	Vitamin A	87-94	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
26136304-1	2015	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is synthesized in the liver where it binds vitamin A, retinol, and transports it to tissues throughout the body.	Vitamin A	87-94	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
26312242-0	2015	STRA6: role in cellular retinol uptake and efflux.	Vitamin A	24-31	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	0-5
26312242-4	2015	Biochemical studies revealed that STRA6 is a transmembrane pore which transports vitamin A bidirectionally between extra- and intracellular retinoid binding proteins.	Vitamin A	81-90	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	34-39
26312242-6	2015	Loss-of-function studies in zebrafish and mouse models have unraveled the critical importance of STRA6 for vitamin A homeostasis of peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	107-116	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	97-102
26106163-0	2015	Rescue of the Stargardt phenotype in Abca4 knockout mice through inhibition of vitamin A dimerization.	Vitamin A	79-88	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 4	Mus musculus	37-42
25826424-2	2015	Retinoids, metabolic derivatives, and synthetic analogs of vitamin A embody an effective CTCL therapy with over three decades of clinical use.	Vitamin A	59-68	TSPY like 2	Homo sapiens	89-93
26136587-0	2015	PNPLA3 I148M Variant Influences Circulating Retinol in Adults with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease or Obesity.	Vitamin A	44-51	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	0-6
26136587-2	2015	Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3), through its retinyl-palmitate lipase activity, releases retinol from lipid droplets in hepatic stellate cells in vitro and ex vivo.	Vitamin A	113-120	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	0-46
26136587-2	2015	Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3), through its retinyl-palmitate lipase activity, releases retinol from lipid droplets in hepatic stellate cells in vitro and ex vivo.	Vitamin A	113-120	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	48-54
26136587-4	2015	OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present genetic association study was to test whether overweight/obese carriers of the PNPLA3 148M mutant allele had lower circulating concentrations of retinol than individuals who are homozygous for the 148I allele.	Vitamin A	179-186	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	113-119
26136587-8	2015	RESULTS: The PNPLA3 148M mutant allele was associated with lower fasting circulating concentrations of retinol (beta = -0.289, P = 0.03) in adults with NAFLD (Milan NAFLD cohort).	Vitamin A	103-110	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	13-19
26136587-9	2015	The PNPLA3 148M mutant allele was also associated with lower fasting circulating concentrations of retinol in adults with a BMI >=30 (ATBC study; beta = -0.043, P = 0.04).	Vitamin A	99-106	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	4-10
26136587-10	2015	CONCLUSION: We showed for the first time, to our knowledge, that carriers of the PNPLA3 148M allele with either fatty liver plus obesity or obesity alone have lower fasting circulating retinol concentrations.	Vitamin A	185-192	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	81-87
26055327-1	2015	Serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the sole specific transport protein for retinol in the blood, but it is also an adipokine with retinol-independent, proinflammatory activity associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	33-37
26055327-1	2015	Serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the sole specific transport protein for retinol in the blood, but it is also an adipokine with retinol-independent, proinflammatory activity associated with obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.	Vitamin A	82-89	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	33-37
25985851-0	2015	The Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on FoxP3 and TGF-beta Gene Expression in Avonex-Treated Multiple Sclerosis Patients.	Vitamin A	14-23	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	43-48
26016862-2	2015	Serum retinol:a VAD marker:increases in kidney disease and decreases in inflammation, which can partly be attributed to alterations in the vitamin A-transport proteins retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and prealbumin.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	168-193
26016862-2	2015	Serum retinol:a VAD marker:increases in kidney disease and decreases in inflammation, which can partly be attributed to alterations in the vitamin A-transport proteins retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and prealbumin.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	195-199
26016862-2	2015	Serum retinol:a VAD marker:increases in kidney disease and decreases in inflammation, which can partly be attributed to alterations in the vitamin A-transport proteins retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and prealbumin.	Vitamin A	139-148	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	168-193
26016862-2	2015	Serum retinol:a VAD marker:increases in kidney disease and decreases in inflammation, which can partly be attributed to alterations in the vitamin A-transport proteins retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and prealbumin.	Vitamin A	139-148	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	195-199
25985851-0	2015	The Effect of Vitamin A Supplementation on FoxP3 and TGF-beta Gene Expression in Avonex-Treated Multiple Sclerosis Patients.	Vitamin A	14-23	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	53-61
25985851-2	2015	The vitamin A active metabolite, retinoic acid, can re-establish this imbalance through the modulation of gene expression of specific nuclear receptors including Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3).	Vitamin A	4-13	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	162-177
25985851-2	2015	The vitamin A active metabolite, retinoic acid, can re-establish this imbalance through the modulation of gene expression of specific nuclear receptors including Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3).	Vitamin A	4-13	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	179-184
25985851-6	2015	The results of this study showed that vitamin A upregulated TGF-beta and FoxP3 gene expression.	Vitamin A	38-47	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	60-68
25985851-6	2015	The results of this study showed that vitamin A upregulated TGF-beta and FoxP3 gene expression.	Vitamin A	38-47	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	73-78
26131827-2	2015	In addition, we also examined the association between HNC risk and 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms, TTR rs1667255 and RBP4 rs10882272, that have been associated with serum retinol levels.	Vitamin A	174-181	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	102-105
26131827-2	2015	In addition, we also examined the association between HNC risk and 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms, TTR rs1667255 and RBP4 rs10882272, that have been associated with serum retinol levels.	Vitamin A	174-181	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	120-124
26131827-4	2015	The associations between TTR rs1667255 and RBP4 rs10882272 and serum retinol levels or HNC risk were evaluated by linear regression and unconditional logistic regression, respectively, for 418 HNC cases and 497 controls.	Vitamin A	69-76	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
26131827-7	2015	TTR rs1667255 was associated with serum retinol levels; however, neither TTR rs1667255 nor RBP4 rs10882272 was associated with HNC risk.	Vitamin A	40-47	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-3
26059371-2	2015	The aim of this study was to examine the associations of serum beta-carotene and retinol concentrations with glucose and insulin concentrations.	Vitamin A	81-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
26141028-14	2015	So it appears now that the role of vitamin A on mucosal immunity is far beyond regulating the adaptive Th1-Th2 cell response, but is highly pleiotropic and more complicating, e.g., polarizing the phenotype of mucosal DCs and macrophages, directing gut-homing migration of T and B cells, inducing differentiation of effector T cells and Treg subpopulation, balancing mucosal ILCs subpopulation and influencing the composition of microbiota.	Vitamin A	35-44	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	103-106
25701869-4	2015	The BCO1 gene encodes an enzyme that is expressed in the intestine and converts provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A-aldehyde.	Vitamin A	83-92	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
26151058-5	2015	RESULTS: Our data show that DGAT1 affects the cellular distribution between hepatocytes and HSCs of stored and newly absorbed dietary retinol.	Vitamin A	134-141	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	28-33
26151058-8	2015	These differences are associated with significantly increased expression, by 2.8-fold, of cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (RBP1) in freshly isolated HSCs from Dgat1-deficient mice, raising the possibility that RBP1, which contributes to retinol uptake into cells and retinyl ester synthesis, accounts for the differences.	Vitamin A	99-106	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	132-136
26151058-8	2015	These differences are associated with significantly increased expression, by 2.8-fold, of cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (RBP1) in freshly isolated HSCs from Dgat1-deficient mice, raising the possibility that RBP1, which contributes to retinol uptake into cells and retinyl ester synthesis, accounts for the differences.	Vitamin A	99-106	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	168-173
26151058-8	2015	These differences are associated with significantly increased expression, by 2.8-fold, of cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (RBP1) in freshly isolated HSCs from Dgat1-deficient mice, raising the possibility that RBP1, which contributes to retinol uptake into cells and retinyl ester synthesis, accounts for the differences.	Vitamin A	99-106	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	219-223
26151058-8	2015	These differences are associated with significantly increased expression, by 2.8-fold, of cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (RBP1) in freshly isolated HSCs from Dgat1-deficient mice, raising the possibility that RBP1, which contributes to retinol uptake into cells and retinyl ester synthesis, accounts for the differences.	Vitamin A	246-253	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	132-136
25701869-7	2015	In this process, conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A by BCO1 induces via retinoid signaling the expression of the intestinal homeobox transcription factor ISX.	Vitamin A	48-57	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
26151058-8	2015	These differences are associated with significantly increased expression, by 2.8-fold, of cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (RBP1) in freshly isolated HSCs from Dgat1-deficient mice, raising the possibility that RBP1, which contributes to retinol uptake into cells and retinyl ester synthesis, accounts for the differences.	Vitamin A	246-253	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	219-223
25701869-7	2015	In this process, conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A by BCO1 induces via retinoid signaling the expression of the intestinal homeobox transcription factor ISX.	Vitamin A	48-57	intestine specific homeobox	Homo sapiens	160-163
26040368-7	2015	Perform correlations between quality of life and nutrients consumption were; the vitamin A, which was is associated to better stress management (r = 0.166; p = 0.001), responsibility for health (0.171; p = 0.001) and exercise (r = 0.167; p = 0.001); the vitamin B12 was a protective factor to have a better quality of life OR = 0.78 (IC95% 0.67-0.90).	Vitamin A	81-90	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	262-265
26142161-10	2015	Vitamin A is known to affect the Th1/Th2 balance and, in addition, recent evidence suggests that vitamin A may also induce epigenetic changes leading to down-regulation of the innate immune response.	Vitamin A	0-9	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	33-36
25930072-1	2015	Spata31, a novel testis-specific gene, was first isolated from the testis of a vitamin A-deficient rat model.	Vitamin A	79-88	SPATA31 subfamily A member 5	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
25587629-4	2015	In this study, we demonstrate a retinol-conjugated polyetherimine (RcP) nanoparticle system that selectively recruited the retinol binding protein 4 (RBP) in its corona components.	Vitamin A	32-39	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	123-148
26030625-3	2015	We show here that mice lacking cellular retinol binding protein (Rbp1-/-) display memory deficits reflecting compromised RXR signaling.	Vitamin A	40-47	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	65-69
26024318-5	2015	To inhibit ADH3-mediated retinol metabolism, 10 mug 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP)/g of body weight was administered to mice treated with CCl4 or subjected to BDL.	Vitamin A	25-32	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	11-15
26024318-12	2015	Furthermore, inhibition of retinol metabolism by 4-MP increased interferon-gamma production in NK cells, resulting in increased apoptosis of activated HSCs.	Vitamin A	27-34	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	64-80
26024318-14	2015	Therefore, retinol and its metabolizing enzyme, ADH3, might be potential targets for therapeutic intervention of liver fibrosis.	Vitamin A	11-18	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	48-52
25974161-5	2015	DGAT1 catalyzes the synthesis of retinyl esters from multiple retinol isomers with similar catalytic efficiencies.	Vitamin A	62-69	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	0-5
25560245-0	2015	Human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) mediates cellular uptake of all-trans-retinol in human retinal pigmented epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	87-104	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	6-48
25560245-0	2015	Human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) mediates cellular uptake of all-trans-retinol in human retinal pigmented epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	87-104	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	50-57
25560245-5	2015	This study investigated the role of human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) in atROL uptake in human RPE.	Vitamin A	98-103	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	42-84
25560245-5	2015	This study investigated the role of human organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) in atROL uptake in human RPE.	Vitamin A	98-103	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	86-93
25560245-7	2015	Transporter functional studies were conducted to assess the interaction of OATP1A2 with atROL.	Vitamin A	88-93	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	75-82
25560245-9	2015	Our data also indicated atROL inhibited the uptake of the typical OATP1A2 substrate, oestrone-3-sulfate (E3S), in over-expressing cells.	Vitamin A	24-29	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	66-73
25560245-10	2015	Studies on the uptake of (3) H-atROL in these over-expressing cells revealed atROL is a substrate of OATP1A2.	Vitamin A	31-36	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	101-108
25560245-13	2015	CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Our data provides the first evidence of OATP1A2 expression in human RPE and more importantly, its novel role in the cellular uptake of atROL, which might be essential to the proper functioning of the canonical visual cycle.	Vitamin A	164-169	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	69-76
25929424-6	2015	All-trans retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, reverses these effects, resulting in increased insulin sensitivity, suppression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) gene, and the induction of the glucokinase gene.	Vitamin A	41-50	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	139-173
25929424-6	2015	All-trans retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, reverses these effects, resulting in increased insulin sensitivity, suppression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) gene, and the induction of the glucokinase gene.	Vitamin A	41-50	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	175-180
25929424-6	2015	All-trans retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, reverses these effects, resulting in increased insulin sensitivity, suppression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase (PEPCK) gene, and the induction of the glucokinase gene.	Vitamin A	41-50	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	213-224
26060349-3	2015	Here, we assessed the expression of retinol-associated proteins, including beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCMO), lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and cytochrome P450 26A1 (CYP26A1), and measured retinol levels in the plasma and liver of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic model rats.	Vitamin A	36-43	aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	183-187
26060349-3	2015	Here, we assessed the expression of retinol-associated proteins, including beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCMO), lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and cytochrome P450 26A1 (CYP26A1), and measured retinol levels in the plasma and liver of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic model rats.	Vitamin A	36-43	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	194-214
26060349-3	2015	Here, we assessed the expression of retinol-associated proteins, including beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCMO), lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and cytochrome P450 26A1 (CYP26A1), and measured retinol levels in the plasma and liver of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic model rats.	Vitamin A	36-43	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	216-223
26036904-7	2015	Progesterone receptor deficiency leads to progesterone resistance, resulting in decreased retinol uptake and retinoic acid production and altered retinoic acid action.	Vitamin A	90-97	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	0-21
25641921-5	2015	When nanoparticles, coated with vitamin A, release NO in liver cells, we find inhibition of collagen I and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), fibrogenic genes associated with activated HSCs expression in primary rat liver and human activated HSCs without any obvious cytotoxic effects.	Vitamin A	32-41	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	107-132
25641921-5	2015	When nanoparticles, coated with vitamin A, release NO in liver cells, we find inhibition of collagen I and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), fibrogenic genes associated with activated HSCs expression in primary rat liver and human activated HSCs without any obvious cytotoxic effects.	Vitamin A	32-41	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	134-143
25641921-6	2015	Finally, NO-releasing nanoparticles targeted with vitamin A not only attenuate endothelin-1 (ET-1) which elicites HSC contraction but also acutely alleviates haemodynamic disorders in bile duct-ligated-induced portal hypertension evidenced by decreasing portal pressure ( 20%) and unchanging mean arterial pressure.	Vitamin A	50-59	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	79-91
24992177-2	2015	It is now becoming apparent that signaling through vitamin A metabolites, such as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), is indispensable for spermatogenesis and disruption of retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARalpha) function may result in male sterility and aberrant spermatogenesis.	Vitamin A	51-60	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	199-207
25650343-4	2015	BP8 regulated expressions of 1,570 genes that were involved in retinol metabolism, the Wnt signaling pathway, MAPK pathway, Jak-Stat pathway, Notch signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and Ca(2+) signals.	Vitamin A	63-70	BP8	Homo sapiens	0-3
25650343-5	2015	Finally, BP8 triggered ADH7 and RDH10 expression, interacted with retinol binding protein, and regulated retinol uptake in vitro and vivo.	Vitamin A	66-73	BP8	Homo sapiens	9-12
25650343-6	2015	These data reveal a bursal-derived multifunctional factor, BP8, as a novel biomaterial which is essential for the development of the immune system and represents an important linker between the B cell development and retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	217-224	BP8	Homo sapiens	59-62
25712051-5	2015	The cancer chemopreventive and synthetic vitamin A derivative, fenretinide, has demonstrated protein-binding capacities, for example, mTOR- and retinol-binding protein interactions.	Vitamin A	41-50	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	134-138
25837210-8	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest serum retinol and RBP are relevant as indicators of vitamin A nutritional status in the presence of CLD.	Vitamin A	86-95	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	52-55
25837210-10	2015	Considering how the patients already showed a drop in RBP relative to retinol concentrations, it is reasonable to assume vitamin A supplementation may trigger harmful effects in CLD patients.	Vitamin A	121-130	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	54-57
25910203-3	2015	Mechanistically, these mutations simultaneously lower RBP"s affinity for vitamin A and greatly increase its affinity for its cell-surface receptor, thus dominantly blocking the transmembrane transport of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	73-82	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	54-57
25910203-3	2015	Mechanistically, these mutations simultaneously lower RBP"s affinity for vitamin A and greatly increase its affinity for its cell-surface receptor, thus dominantly blocking the transmembrane transport of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	204-213	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	54-57
25910203-3	2015	Mechanistically, these mutations simultaneously lower RBP"s affinity for vitamin A and greatly increase its affinity for its cell-surface receptor, thus dominantly blocking the transmembrane transport of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	204-213	CD177 molecule	Homo sapiens	125-146
25910211-5	2015	RBP normally delivers retinol from hepatic stores to peripheral tissues, including the placenta and fetal eye.	Vitamin A	22-29	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
25910211-6	2015	The disease mutations greatly reduce retinol binding to RBP, yet paradoxically increase the affinity of RBP for its cell surface receptor, STRA6.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	56-59
25910211-7	2015	By occupying STRA6 nonproductively, the dominant-negative proteins disrupt vitamin A delivery from wild-type proteins within the fetus, but also, in the case of maternal transmission, at the placenta.	Vitamin A	75-84	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	13-18
25602705-1	2015	In mammals, beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) is the main enzyme that cleaves beta-carotene, the most abundant vitamin A precursor, to generate retinoids (vitamin A derivatives), both in adult and developing tissues.	Vitamin A	115-124	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	12-42
25602705-1	2015	In mammals, beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) is the main enzyme that cleaves beta-carotene, the most abundant vitamin A precursor, to generate retinoids (vitamin A derivatives), both in adult and developing tissues.	Vitamin A	115-124	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	44-48
25602705-1	2015	In mammals, beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) is the main enzyme that cleaves beta-carotene, the most abundant vitamin A precursor, to generate retinoids (vitamin A derivatives), both in adult and developing tissues.	Vitamin A	159-168	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	12-42
25602705-1	2015	In mammals, beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) is the main enzyme that cleaves beta-carotene, the most abundant vitamin A precursor, to generate retinoids (vitamin A derivatives), both in adult and developing tissues.	Vitamin A	159-168	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	44-48
25945129-7	2015	Notably, promoter DNA methylation emerged as a novel regulatory mechanism for the transcriptional repression of genes controlling the retinol metabolism (ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH6, CYP3A43, CYP4A22, RDH16), iron homeostasis (HAMP), one-carbon metabolism (SHMT1), and genes with a putative, newly identified function as tumor suppressors (FAM107A, IGFALS, MT1G, MT1H, RNF180).	Vitamin A	134-141	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	154-159
25945129-7	2015	Notably, promoter DNA methylation emerged as a novel regulatory mechanism for the transcriptional repression of genes controlling the retinol metabolism (ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH6, CYP3A43, CYP4A22, RDH16), iron homeostasis (HAMP), one-carbon metabolism (SHMT1), and genes with a putative, newly identified function as tumor suppressors (FAM107A, IGFALS, MT1G, MT1H, RNF180).	Vitamin A	134-141	alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide	Homo sapiens	161-166
25945129-7	2015	Notably, promoter DNA methylation emerged as a novel regulatory mechanism for the transcriptional repression of genes controlling the retinol metabolism (ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH6, CYP3A43, CYP4A22, RDH16), iron homeostasis (HAMP), one-carbon metabolism (SHMT1), and genes with a putative, newly identified function as tumor suppressors (FAM107A, IGFALS, MT1G, MT1H, RNF180).	Vitamin A	134-141	alcohol dehydrogenase 6 (class V)	Homo sapiens	168-172
25945129-7	2015	Notably, promoter DNA methylation emerged as a novel regulatory mechanism for the transcriptional repression of genes controlling the retinol metabolism (ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH6, CYP3A43, CYP4A22, RDH16), iron homeostasis (HAMP), one-carbon metabolism (SHMT1), and genes with a putative, newly identified function as tumor suppressors (FAM107A, IGFALS, MT1G, MT1H, RNF180).	Vitamin A	134-141	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 43	Homo sapiens	174-181
25945129-7	2015	Notably, promoter DNA methylation emerged as a novel regulatory mechanism for the transcriptional repression of genes controlling the retinol metabolism (ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH6, CYP3A43, CYP4A22, RDH16), iron homeostasis (HAMP), one-carbon metabolism (SHMT1), and genes with a putative, newly identified function as tumor suppressors (FAM107A, IGFALS, MT1G, MT1H, RNF180).	Vitamin A	134-141	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily A member 22	Homo sapiens	183-190
25945129-7	2015	Notably, promoter DNA methylation emerged as a novel regulatory mechanism for the transcriptional repression of genes controlling the retinol metabolism (ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH6, CYP3A43, CYP4A22, RDH16), iron homeostasis (HAMP), one-carbon metabolism (SHMT1), and genes with a putative, newly identified function as tumor suppressors (FAM107A, IGFALS, MT1G, MT1H, RNF180).	Vitamin A	134-141	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Homo sapiens	192-197
25945129-7	2015	Notably, promoter DNA methylation emerged as a novel regulatory mechanism for the transcriptional repression of genes controlling the retinol metabolism (ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH6, CYP3A43, CYP4A22, RDH16), iron homeostasis (HAMP), one-carbon metabolism (SHMT1), and genes with a putative, newly identified function as tumor suppressors (FAM107A, IGFALS, MT1G, MT1H, RNF180).	Vitamin A	134-141	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	218-222
25945129-7	2015	Notably, promoter DNA methylation emerged as a novel regulatory mechanism for the transcriptional repression of genes controlling the retinol metabolism (ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH6, CYP3A43, CYP4A22, RDH16), iron homeostasis (HAMP), one-carbon metabolism (SHMT1), and genes with a putative, newly identified function as tumor suppressors (FAM107A, IGFALS, MT1G, MT1H, RNF180).	Vitamin A	134-141	serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	248-253
25945129-7	2015	Notably, promoter DNA methylation emerged as a novel regulatory mechanism for the transcriptional repression of genes controlling the retinol metabolism (ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH6, CYP3A43, CYP4A22, RDH16), iron homeostasis (HAMP), one-carbon metabolism (SHMT1), and genes with a putative, newly identified function as tumor suppressors (FAM107A, IGFALS, MT1G, MT1H, RNF180).	Vitamin A	134-141	family with sequence similarity 107 member A	Homo sapiens	331-338
24906472-9	2015	CONCLUSION: These results suggest the existence of a favourable effect of beta-carotene on insulin sensitivity in obese individuals that could involve a positive regulation of adiponectin, either directly or via its pro-vitamin A activity.	Vitamin A	220-229	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
24906472-9	2015	CONCLUSION: These results suggest the existence of a favourable effect of beta-carotene on insulin sensitivity in obese individuals that could involve a positive regulation of adiponectin, either directly or via its pro-vitamin A activity.	Vitamin A	220-229	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	176-187
25941915-4	2015	Using this as an opportunity, we here review and discuss current data on RBP4"s action on insulin sensitivity and its dependency on retinol homeostasis.	Vitamin A	132-139	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	73-77
25619603-2	2015	Retinol-binding protein (RBP or RBP4) is a negative acute-phase protein and a marker of vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	88-97	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
25619603-2	2015	Retinol-binding protein (RBP or RBP4) is a negative acute-phase protein and a marker of vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	88-97	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-36
25726445-12	2015	In particular, increased expression of retinol-binding protein, cystatin M and apolipoprotein-H associated with decreased expression of uromodulin and cauxin confirmed tubular damage in CKD cats suggesting that these proteins are candidate biomarkers.	Vitamin A	39-46	carboxylesterase 5A	Felis catus	151-157
25816144-1	2015	STRA6 is a plasma membrane protein that mediates the transport of vitamin A, or retinol, from plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) into the cell.	Vitamin A	66-75	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
25816144-1	2015	STRA6 is a plasma membrane protein that mediates the transport of vitamin A, or retinol, from plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) into the cell.	Vitamin A	66-75	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	94-124
25816144-1	2015	STRA6 is a plasma membrane protein that mediates the transport of vitamin A, or retinol, from plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) into the cell.	Vitamin A	66-75	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	126-129
25816144-1	2015	STRA6 is a plasma membrane protein that mediates the transport of vitamin A, or retinol, from plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) into the cell.	Vitamin A	80-87	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
25816144-1	2015	STRA6 is a plasma membrane protein that mediates the transport of vitamin A, or retinol, from plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) into the cell.	Vitamin A	80-87	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	94-124
25816144-1	2015	STRA6 is a plasma membrane protein that mediates the transport of vitamin A, or retinol, from plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) into the cell.	Vitamin A	80-87	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	126-129
25587629-4	2015	In this study, we demonstrate a retinol-conjugated polyetherimine (RcP) nanoparticle system that selectively recruited the retinol binding protein 4 (RBP) in its corona components.	Vitamin A	32-39	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	150-153
25587629-5	2015	RBP was found to bind retinol, and direct the antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-laden RcP carrier to hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which play essential roles in the progression of hepatic fibrosis.	Vitamin A	22-29	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-3
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	146-153	complement C1q C chain	Homo sapiens	223-227
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	97-106	retinol saturase	Homo sapiens	55-61
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	146-153	complement component 4 binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	229-234
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	97-106	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	63-69
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	146-153	complement component 4 binding protein beta	Homo sapiens	236-241
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	97-106	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	71-77
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	146-153	complement factor I	Homo sapiens	243-246
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	97-106	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	83-86
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	97-106	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	217-221
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	97-106	complement C1q C chain	Homo sapiens	223-227
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	146-153	serpin family G member 1	Homo sapiens	252-260
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	97-106	complement component 4 binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	229-234
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	97-106	complement component 4 binding protein beta	Homo sapiens	236-241
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	97-106	complement factor I	Homo sapiens	243-246
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	97-106	serpin family G member 1	Homo sapiens	252-260
25585692-6	2015	Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that absorptive epithelial cells stained positive for both CRBP II and lecithin retinol acyltransferase, which are both required for the effective esterification of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	203-212	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	97-104
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	146-153	retinol saturase	Homo sapiens	55-61
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	146-153	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	63-69
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	146-153	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	71-77
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	146-153	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	83-86
25626140-7	2015	Results indicated that (1) up-regulated genes, such as RETSAT, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and UGT, enhanced vitamin A"s metabolism processes in the cellular retinol metabolism pathway; and that (2) down-regulated genes, such as C1QA, C1QC, C4BPA, C4BPB, CFI, and SERPING1, enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades pathway.	Vitamin A	146-153	complement C1q A chain	Homo sapiens	217-221
25734501-6	2015	A fluorescence-based ligand-binding analysis confirmed that Rs-FAR-1 can combine with fatty acids and retinol.	Vitamin A	102-109	FRS (FAR1 Related Sequences) transcription factor family	Arabidopsis thaliana	63-68
25585692-6	2015	Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that absorptive epithelial cells stained positive for both CRBP II and lecithin retinol acyltransferase, which are both required for the effective esterification of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	203-212	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	109-141
25585692-8	2015	These results suggest that the elevated mRNA expression levels of Rbp2 and Apoa4 in the rats with SB contribute to the effective esterification and transport of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	161-170	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	66-70
25585692-8	2015	These results suggest that the elevated mRNA expression levels of Rbp2 and Apoa4 in the rats with SB contribute to the effective esterification and transport of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	161-170	apolipoprotein A4	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
25565073-3	2015	Within the interphotoreceptor matrix, all-trans retinol, 11-cis retinol and retinal are bound by interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP).	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	97-140
26612146-0	2015	Neonatal Vitamin A Supplementation for Improving Infant Survival:Hope or hype?	Vitamin A	9-18	FIC domain protein adenylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	73-77
25565073-3	2015	Within the interphotoreceptor matrix, all-trans retinol, 11-cis retinol and retinal are bound by interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP).	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	142-146
25565073-5	2015	HPLC was used to evaluate the ability of IRBP to protect all-trans and 11-cis retinols from photodegradation when exposed to incandescent light (0 to 8842 muW cm(-2)); time periods of 0-60 min, and bIRBP: retinol molar ratios of 1:1 to 1:5.	Vitamin A	78-86	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	41-45
25620076-6	2015	Our data suggest that anti-inflammatory activity of lutein and retinol were blunted by nonpolar lipids in EY, likely via crosstalk between SREBP and NF-kappaB pathways in adipocytes.	Vitamin A	63-70	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	149-158
25544292-2	2015	The Stra6 protein binds the serum retinol-binding protein, RBP4, and acts in conjunction with the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase to facilitate retinol uptake in some cell types.	Vitamin A	34-41	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	4-9
25568183-0	2015	beta-catenin promotes regulatory T-cell responses in tumors by inducing vitamin A metabolism in dendritic cells.	Vitamin A	72-81	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	0-12
25568183-4	2015	Tolerogenic responses were dependent on induction of vitamin A-metabolizing enzymes via the beta-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) pathway in DCs.	Vitamin A	53-62	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	92-104
25544292-2	2015	The Stra6 protein binds the serum retinol-binding protein, RBP4, and acts in conjunction with the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase to facilitate retinol uptake in some cell types.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	59-63
25544292-8	2015	In the brains of vitamin A-deficient mice, both Stra6L and Stra6S levels are decreased.	Vitamin A	17-26	STRA6-like	Mus musculus	48-54
25544292-10	2015	Our data show that kidneys respond to retinol deficiency by differential Stra6 promoter usage, which may play a role in the retention of retinol when vitamin A is low.	Vitamin A	38-45	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	73-78
25544292-10	2015	Our data show that kidneys respond to retinol deficiency by differential Stra6 promoter usage, which may play a role in the retention of retinol when vitamin A is low.	Vitamin A	150-159	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	73-78
25381698-2	2015	Retinoic acid (RA), a natural metabolite of vitamin A, has been reported to enhance the differentiation of Treg cells in the presence of TGF-beta.	Vitamin A	44-53	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	137-145
25945129-7	2015	Notably, promoter DNA methylation emerged as a novel regulatory mechanism for the transcriptional repression of genes controlling the retinol metabolism (ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH6, CYP3A43, CYP4A22, RDH16), iron homeostasis (HAMP), one-carbon metabolism (SHMT1), and genes with a putative, newly identified function as tumor suppressors (FAM107A, IGFALS, MT1G, MT1H, RNF180).	Vitamin A	134-141	insulin like growth factor binding protein acid labile subunit	Homo sapiens	340-346
25945129-7	2015	Notably, promoter DNA methylation emerged as a novel regulatory mechanism for the transcriptional repression of genes controlling the retinol metabolism (ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH6, CYP3A43, CYP4A22, RDH16), iron homeostasis (HAMP), one-carbon metabolism (SHMT1), and genes with a putative, newly identified function as tumor suppressors (FAM107A, IGFALS, MT1G, MT1H, RNF180).	Vitamin A	134-141	metallothionein 1G	Homo sapiens	348-352
25945129-7	2015	Notably, promoter DNA methylation emerged as a novel regulatory mechanism for the transcriptional repression of genes controlling the retinol metabolism (ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH6, CYP3A43, CYP4A22, RDH16), iron homeostasis (HAMP), one-carbon metabolism (SHMT1), and genes with a putative, newly identified function as tumor suppressors (FAM107A, IGFALS, MT1G, MT1H, RNF180).	Vitamin A	134-141	metallothionein 1H	Homo sapiens	354-358
25945129-7	2015	Notably, promoter DNA methylation emerged as a novel regulatory mechanism for the transcriptional repression of genes controlling the retinol metabolism (ADH1A, ADH1B, ADH6, CYP3A43, CYP4A22, RDH16), iron homeostasis (HAMP), one-carbon metabolism (SHMT1), and genes with a putative, newly identified function as tumor suppressors (FAM107A, IGFALS, MT1G, MT1H, RNF180).	Vitamin A	134-141	ring finger protein 180	Homo sapiens	360-366
25134739-1	2015	Retinoic acid (RA) is a terpenoid that is synthesized from vitamin A/retinol (ROL) and binds to the nuclear receptors retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) to control multiple developmental processes in vertebrates.	Vitamin A	59-68	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	142-145
25134739-1	2015	Retinoic acid (RA) is a terpenoid that is synthesized from vitamin A/retinol (ROL) and binds to the nuclear receptors retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) to control multiple developmental processes in vertebrates.	Vitamin A	59-68	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	168-171
25134739-1	2015	Retinoic acid (RA) is a terpenoid that is synthesized from vitamin A/retinol (ROL) and binds to the nuclear receptors retinoic acid receptor (RAR)/retinoid X receptor (RXR) to control multiple developmental processes in vertebrates.	Vitamin A	69-76	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	142-145
25576666-0	2015	Excessive retinol intake exacerbates choroidal neovascularization through upregulated vascular endothelial growth factor in retinal pigment epithelium in mice.	Vitamin A	10-17	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	86-120
25576666-9	2015	In mice, VEGF expressions were investigated in the retina and RPE/choroid after three weeks of excessive oral retinol intake.	Vitamin A	110-117	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	9-13
25576666-15	2015	In vivo, the high retinol diet group has increased VEGF expression in the RPE/choroid and larger lesion size was induced.	Vitamin A	18-25	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	51-55
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	49-72
25481334-2	2015	At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP is recognized by a membrane protein termed STRA6, which transports retinol from extracellular RBP into cells and, concomitantly, activates a JAK2/STAT3/5 signaling cascade that culminates in induction of STAT target genes.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-42
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-77
25481334-2	2015	At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP is recognized by a membrane protein termed STRA6, which transports retinol from extracellular RBP into cells and, concomitantly, activates a JAK2/STAT3/5 signaling cascade that culminates in induction of STAT target genes.	Vitamin A	17-24	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	86-91
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	111-124
25481334-2	2015	At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP is recognized by a membrane protein termed STRA6, which transports retinol from extracellular RBP into cells and, concomitantly, activates a JAK2/STAT3/5 signaling cascade that culminates in induction of STAT target genes.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	137-140
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	126-129
25481334-2	2015	At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP is recognized by a membrane protein termed STRA6, which transports retinol from extracellular RBP into cells and, concomitantly, activates a JAK2/STAT3/5 signaling cascade that culminates in induction of STAT target genes.	Vitamin A	17-24	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	184-188
25481334-2	2015	At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP is recognized by a membrane protein termed STRA6, which transports retinol from extracellular RBP into cells and, concomitantly, activates a JAK2/STAT3/5 signaling cascade that culminates in induction of STAT target genes.	Vitamin A	17-24	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	189-196
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	149-152
25481334-2	2015	At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP is recognized by a membrane protein termed STRA6, which transports retinol from extracellular RBP into cells and, concomitantly, activates a JAK2/STAT3/5 signaling cascade that culminates in induction of STAT target genes.	Vitamin A	17-24	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	189-193
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	153-156
25481334-2	2015	At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP is recognized by a membrane protein termed STRA6, which transports retinol from extracellular RBP into cells and, concomitantly, activates a JAK2/STAT3/5 signaling cascade that culminates in induction of STAT target genes.	Vitamin A	110-117	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-42
25481334-2	2015	At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP is recognized by a membrane protein termed STRA6, which transports retinol from extracellular RBP into cells and, concomitantly, activates a JAK2/STAT3/5 signaling cascade that culminates in induction of STAT target genes.	Vitamin A	110-117	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	86-91
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	49-72
25481334-2	2015	At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP is recognized by a membrane protein termed STRA6, which transports retinol from extracellular RBP into cells and, concomitantly, activates a JAK2/STAT3/5 signaling cascade that culminates in induction of STAT target genes.	Vitamin A	110-117	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	137-140
25481334-2	2015	At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP is recognized by a membrane protein termed STRA6, which transports retinol from extracellular RBP into cells and, concomitantly, activates a JAK2/STAT3/5 signaling cascade that culminates in induction of STAT target genes.	Vitamin A	110-117	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	184-188
25481334-2	2015	At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP is recognized by a membrane protein termed STRA6, which transports retinol from extracellular RBP into cells and, concomitantly, activates a JAK2/STAT3/5 signaling cascade that culminates in induction of STAT target genes.	Vitamin A	110-117	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	189-196
25481334-2	2015	At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP is recognized by a membrane protein termed STRA6, which transports retinol from extracellular RBP into cells and, concomitantly, activates a JAK2/STAT3/5 signaling cascade that culminates in induction of STAT target genes.	Vitamin A	110-117	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	189-193
25481334-3	2015	STRA6-mediated retinol transport and cell signaling are critically inter-dependent, and they both require the presence of cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1), an intracellular retinol acceptor, as well as a retinol-metabolizing enzyme such as lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	15-22	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-77
25481334-3	2015	STRA6-mediated retinol transport and cell signaling are critically inter-dependent, and they both require the presence of cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1), an intracellular retinol acceptor, as well as a retinol-metabolizing enzyme such as lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	122-156
25481334-3	2015	STRA6-mediated retinol transport and cell signaling are critically inter-dependent, and they both require the presence of cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1), an intracellular retinol acceptor, as well as a retinol-metabolizing enzyme such as lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	158-163
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	11-18	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	111-124
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	11-18	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	126-129
25481334-3	2015	STRA6-mediated retinol transport and cell signaling are critically inter-dependent, and they both require the presence of cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1), an intracellular retinol acceptor, as well as a retinol-metabolizing enzyme such as lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	15-22	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	250-282
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	149-152
25481334-4	2015	STRA6 thus functions as a "cytokine signaling transporter" which couples vitamin A homeostasis and metabolism to cell signaling, thereby regulating gene transcription.	Vitamin A	73-82	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	11-18	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	153-156
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-77
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	49-56	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	111-124
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	49-56	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	126-129
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	149-152
25481334-1	2015	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) which, in turn, associates with transthyretin (TTR) to form a retinol-RBP-TTR ternary complex.	Vitamin A	49-56	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	153-156
25740751-0	2015	Circulating IGF-1 may mediate improvements in haemoglobin associated with vitamin A status during pregnancy in rural Nepalese women.	Vitamin A	74-83	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	12-17
25573774-3	2015	ABCA4 functions as an important transporter (or "flippase") of vitamin A derivatives in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	63-72	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
25740751-6	2015	Associations of IGF-1 with retinol, Hb or anaemia, and iron status were determined using multiple linear and logistic regression.	Vitamin A	27-34	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	16-21
25740751-7	2015	Path analysis was used to explore the role of IGF-1 as a mediator between retinol and Hb, accounting for iron status.	Vitamin A	74-81	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	46-51
25740751-8	2015	A 2.6 g/L increase in IGF-1 was observed per 0.1 mol/L increment in retinol (p<0.0001).	Vitamin A	68-75	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
26583087-0	2015	Vitamin A Impairs the Reprogramming of Tregs into IL-17-Producing Cells during Intestinal Inflammation.	Vitamin A	0-9	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	50-55
25315246-4	2015	BLG-SSPS (6 h) and BLG-SSPS (12 h), respectively, retained approximately 56 and 43% of the retinol-binding activity of BLG.	Vitamin A	91-98	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	0-3
25879031-6	2015	CRBP-1 acts as chaperone and regulates the uptake, subsequent esterification, and bioavailability of retinol.	Vitamin A	101-108	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
25879031-10	2015	Reexpression of CRBP-1 increased retinol sensitivity and reduced viability of ovarian cancer cells in vitro.	Vitamin A	33-40	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	16-22
25879031-11	2015	Further studies are needed to explore new therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring CRBP-1-mediated intracellular retinol trafficking and the meaning of CRBP-1 expression in cancer patients" screening for a more personalized and efficacy retinoid therapy.	Vitamin A	114-121	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	84-90
25802864-0	2015	Vitamin A-deficient diet accelerated atherogenesis in apolipoprotein E(-/-) mice and dietary beta-carotene prevents this consequence.	Vitamin A	0-9	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	54-70
26100049-0	2015	A translational bioinformatic approach in identifying and validating an interaction between Vitamin A and CYP19A1.	Vitamin A	92-101	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	106-113
25326538-7	2015	Intervention with 11-cis-retinol restored the regeneration of 11-REs in the presence of all-trans-Ret-NH2.	Vitamin A	18-32	ret proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase	Danio rerio	98-101
25496023-0	2015	Whether vitamin A supplementation is effective in T-bet and IFN-gamma gene expression reduction?	Vitamin A	8-17	T-box transcription factor 21	Homo sapiens	50-55
25496023-0	2015	Whether vitamin A supplementation is effective in T-bet and IFN-gamma gene expression reduction?	Vitamin A	8-17	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	60-69
25496023-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The aim of present study is evaluation of vitamin A supplementation efficacy on IFN-gamma and T-bet gene expression in atherosclerotic patients.	Vitamin A	54-63	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	92-101
25496023-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The aim of present study is evaluation of vitamin A supplementation efficacy on IFN-gamma and T-bet gene expression in atherosclerotic patients.	Vitamin A	54-63	T-box transcription factor 21	Homo sapiens	106-111
25496023-6	2015	RESULTS: IFN-gamma gene expression in fresh cells of patients taking vitamin A declined slightly (0.85-fold, p = 0.068), whereas the expression of this gene was increased in patients taking placebo, and in healthy control subjects 1.2-fold (p = 0.267) and 1.7-fold (p = 0.580), respectively.	Vitamin A	69-78	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	9-18
25496023-10	2015	IFN-gamma gene expression in cells activated with ox-LDL in healthy control subjects and patients taking vitamin A, was reduced 0.43 (p = 0.0001) and 0.41 (p = 0.001) respectively, but in placebo patients was increased 2.2-fold (p = 0.959).	Vitamin A	105-114	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
25380591-2	2015	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma protein mainly secreted by the liver within a trimolecular TTR-RBP-retinol complex revealing from birth to old age strikingly similar evolutionary patterns with LBM in health and disease.	Vitamin A	99-106	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
25380591-2	2015	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma protein mainly secreted by the liver within a trimolecular TTR-RBP-retinol complex revealing from birth to old age strikingly similar evolutionary patterns with LBM in health and disease.	Vitamin A	99-106	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
25380591-2	2015	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma protein mainly secreted by the liver within a trimolecular TTR-RBP-retinol complex revealing from birth to old age strikingly similar evolutionary patterns with LBM in health and disease.	Vitamin A	99-106	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	91-94
25380591-2	2015	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma protein mainly secreted by the liver within a trimolecular TTR-RBP-retinol complex revealing from birth to old age strikingly similar evolutionary patterns with LBM in health and disease.	Vitamin A	99-106	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	95-98
25311225-1	2015	The vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) has been reported to suppress Th1 responses and enhance Th2 responses.	Vitamin A	4-13	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	74-77
25311225-1	2015	The vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) has been reported to suppress Th1 responses and enhance Th2 responses.	Vitamin A	4-13	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	100-103
26667887-0	2015	Dietary Vitamin A and Visceral Adiposity: A Modulating Role of the Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Gene.	Vitamin A	8-17	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	67-92
26667887-2	2015	Dietary vitamin A (retinol) may reduce adiposity through its effects on adipogenesis differentially in VF and SF, and this effect may be modulated by retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4).	Vitamin A	8-17	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	150-175
26667887-2	2015	Dietary vitamin A (retinol) may reduce adiposity through its effects on adipogenesis differentially in VF and SF, and this effect may be modulated by retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4).	Vitamin A	8-17	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	177-181
26667887-3	2015	We investigated whether intake of vitamin A is associated with either VF or SF, and whether this association is moderated by the RBP4 genotype (rs10882272, C/T) previously associated with circulating retinol levels.	Vitamin A	200-207	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	129-133
26667887-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Dietary vitamin A may reduce abdominal adiposity and promote visceral to subcutaneous body fat redistribution during adolescence in an RBP4-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	21-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	148-152
26100049-8	2015	RESULTS: From a total of 868 interactions we were able to identify an interesting interaction between retinoic acid (i.e. Vitamin A) and the aromatase gene (i.e. CYP19A1).	Vitamin A	122-131	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	162-169
25317684-1	2015	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is the major enzyme responsible for retinol esterification in the mammalian body.	Vitamin A	9-16	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
25538117-5	2015	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is the enzyme that traps vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) from the circulation and photoreceptor cells to produce the esterified substrate for retinoid isomerase (RPE65), which converts all-trans-retinyl ester into 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	65-74	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-32
25538117-5	2015	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is the enzyme that traps vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) from the circulation and photoreceptor cells to produce the esterified substrate for retinoid isomerase (RPE65), which converts all-trans-retinyl ester into 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	65-74	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	34-38
25538117-5	2015	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is the enzyme that traps vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) from the circulation and photoreceptor cells to produce the esterified substrate for retinoid isomerase (RPE65), which converts all-trans-retinyl ester into 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	65-74	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	200-205
25538117-5	2015	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is the enzyme that traps vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) from the circulation and photoreceptor cells to produce the esterified substrate for retinoid isomerase (RPE65), which converts all-trans-retinyl ester into 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	76-93	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-32
25538117-5	2015	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is the enzyme that traps vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) from the circulation and photoreceptor cells to produce the esterified substrate for retinoid isomerase (RPE65), which converts all-trans-retinyl ester into 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	76-93	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	34-38
25538117-5	2015	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is the enzyme that traps vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) from the circulation and photoreceptor cells to produce the esterified substrate for retinoid isomerase (RPE65), which converts all-trans-retinyl ester into 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	76-93	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	200-205
25538117-5	2015	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is the enzyme that traps vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) from the circulation and photoreceptor cells to produce the esterified substrate for retinoid isomerase (RPE65), which converts all-trans-retinyl ester into 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	252-266	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-32
25538117-5	2015	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is the enzyme that traps vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) from the circulation and photoreceptor cells to produce the esterified substrate for retinoid isomerase (RPE65), which converts all-trans-retinyl ester into 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	252-266	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	34-38
25538117-5	2015	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is the enzyme that traps vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) from the circulation and photoreceptor cells to produce the esterified substrate for retinoid isomerase (RPE65), which converts all-trans-retinyl ester into 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	252-266	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	200-205
25084758-1	2015	Transthyretin (TTR) is the carrier protein of thyroxine (T4) and binds to retinol-binding protein (RBP)-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	74-81	transthyretin	Mus musculus	0-13
25084758-1	2015	Transthyretin (TTR) is the carrier protein of thyroxine (T4) and binds to retinol-binding protein (RBP)-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	74-81	transthyretin	Mus musculus	15-18
25084758-1	2015	Transthyretin (TTR) is the carrier protein of thyroxine (T4) and binds to retinol-binding protein (RBP)-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	74-81	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	99-102
25383759-0	2015	LRAT-specific domain facilitates vitamin A metabolism by domain swapping in HRASLS3.	Vitamin A	33-42	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-4
25383759-0	2015	LRAT-specific domain facilitates vitamin A metabolism by domain swapping in HRASLS3.	Vitamin A	33-42	phospholipase A and acyltransferase 3	Homo sapiens	76-83
25383759-1	2015	Cellular uptake of vitamin A, production of visual chromophore and triglyceride homeostasis in adipocytes depend on two representatives of the vertebrate N1pC/P60 protein family, lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and HRAS-like tumor suppressor 3 (HRASLS3).	Vitamin A	19-28	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	179-211
25344780-4	2015	It has been recently shown that BC can be converted to retinol by Bcmo1,2 in placenta for retinol transfer and moreover, BC can cross the placenta intact.	Vitamin A	55-62	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-71
25344780-4	2015	It has been recently shown that BC can be converted to retinol by Bcmo1,2 in placenta for retinol transfer and moreover, BC can cross the placenta intact.	Vitamin A	90-97	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-71
25344780-5	2015	The placental Bcmo1,2 expression is tightly controlled by placental retinol level.	Vitamin A	68-75	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
25344780-6	2015	In severe retinol deficiency it has been shown that placental Bcmo1,2 expression are increased for generating retinol from dietary maternal BC even when the main retinol transfer is blocked.	Vitamin A	10-17	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
25344780-6	2015	In severe retinol deficiency it has been shown that placental Bcmo1,2 expression are increased for generating retinol from dietary maternal BC even when the main retinol transfer is blocked.	Vitamin A	110-117	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
25317684-2	2015	LRAT exhibits specific activity in the cells with active retinol metabolism where it converts retinols into retinyl esters, which represents the major storage form of retinol.	Vitamin A	57-64	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-4
25317684-2	2015	LRAT exhibits specific activity in the cells with active retinol metabolism where it converts retinols into retinyl esters, which represents the major storage form of retinol.	Vitamin A	94-102	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-4
25317684-2	2015	LRAT exhibits specific activity in the cells with active retinol metabolism where it converts retinols into retinyl esters, which represents the major storage form of retinol.	Vitamin A	94-101	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-4
24939557-1	2015	Retinoid, a derivative of vitamin A, is a general term used to describe compounds that bind to and activate retinoic acid receptors [RARs (RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma)] and/or retinoid X receptors [RXRs (RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma)].	Vitamin A	26-35	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	139-147
26310169-6	2015	Because of the undeniable importance of RPE65 in the visual cycle, this chapter will also focus on the protein structure and mechanism by which it converts light-insensitive all-trans-vitamin A to light-sensitive 11-cis-vitamin A for continued visual function.	Vitamin A	184-193	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	40-45
24939557-1	2015	Retinoid, a derivative of vitamin A, is a general term used to describe compounds that bind to and activate retinoic acid receptors [RARs (RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma)] and/or retinoid X receptors [RXRs (RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma)].	Vitamin A	26-35	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	149-156
24939557-1	2015	Retinoid, a derivative of vitamin A, is a general term used to describe compounds that bind to and activate retinoic acid receptors [RARs (RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma)] and/or retinoid X receptors [RXRs (RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma)].	Vitamin A	26-35	retinoic acid receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	162-170
24939557-1	2015	Retinoid, a derivative of vitamin A, is a general term used to describe compounds that bind to and activate retinoic acid receptors [RARs (RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma)] and/or retinoid X receptors [RXRs (RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma)].	Vitamin A	26-35	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	208-216
27617081-2	2015	Ngal is a member of the lipocalin family and subsequently named as lipocalin 2 on the basis of structural similarity with other members of the lipocalin family and its potential association with hydrophobic retinol and cholesterol oleate more strongly than their hydrophilic counterparts.	Vitamin A	207-214	lipocalin 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
24939557-1	2015	Retinoid, a derivative of vitamin A, is a general term used to describe compounds that bind to and activate retinoic acid receptors [RARs (RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma)] and/or retinoid X receptors [RXRs (RXRalpha, RXRbeta, and RXRgamma)].	Vitamin A	26-35	retinoid X receptor beta	Homo sapiens	218-225
27617081-2	2015	Ngal is a member of the lipocalin family and subsequently named as lipocalin 2 on the basis of structural similarity with other members of the lipocalin family and its potential association with hydrophobic retinol and cholesterol oleate more strongly than their hydrophilic counterparts.	Vitamin A	207-214	lipocalin 2	Homo sapiens	67-78
25721651-1	2015	BACKGROUND/AIM: Vitamin A (all- trans -retinol, ATRol) serves as a precursor for all- trans -retinoic acid (ATRA), a ligand for the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), representing a potent regulator for many physiological processes.	Vitamin A	16-25	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	132-154
25721651-1	2015	BACKGROUND/AIM: Vitamin A (all- trans -retinol, ATRol) serves as a precursor for all- trans -retinoic acid (ATRA), a ligand for the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), representing a potent regulator for many physiological processes.	Vitamin A	16-25	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	156-159
25721651-1	2015	BACKGROUND/AIM: Vitamin A (all- trans -retinol, ATRol) serves as a precursor for all- trans -retinoic acid (ATRA), a ligand for the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), representing a potent regulator for many physiological processes.	Vitamin A	27-46	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	132-154
25721651-1	2015	BACKGROUND/AIM: Vitamin A (all- trans -retinol, ATRol) serves as a precursor for all- trans -retinoic acid (ATRA), a ligand for the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), representing a potent regulator for many physiological processes.	Vitamin A	27-46	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	156-159
25262571-3	2015	Vitamin A and its derivatives, collectively called retinoids, are solubilized by intracellular retinoid-binding proteins such as cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) and cellular retinal-binding protein (CRALBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	129-161
25262571-3	2015	Vitamin A and its derivatives, collectively called retinoids, are solubilized by intracellular retinoid-binding proteins such as cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) and cellular retinal-binding protein (CRALBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
25262571-3	2015	Vitamin A and its derivatives, collectively called retinoids, are solubilized by intracellular retinoid-binding proteins such as cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) and cellular retinal-binding protein (CRALBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	170-208
25262571-3	2015	Vitamin A and its derivatives, collectively called retinoids, are solubilized by intracellular retinoid-binding proteins such as cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) and cellular retinal-binding protein (CRALBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	210-215
25262571-3	2015	Vitamin A and its derivatives, collectively called retinoids, are solubilized by intracellular retinoid-binding proteins such as cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) and cellular retinal-binding protein (CRALBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	221-253
25262571-3	2015	Vitamin A and its derivatives, collectively called retinoids, are solubilized by intracellular retinoid-binding proteins such as cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP) and cellular retinal-binding protein (CRALBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	255-261
25260612-4	2014	Surprisingly, Bco1(-/-) mice had an increase in heart levels of retinol, nonesterified fatty acids, and ceramides and a decrease in heart triglycerides.	Vitamin A	64-71	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	14-18
25445224-2	2014	beta-Carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) is a critical enzyme involved in the conversion of beta-carotene into vitamin A (retinal) in the small intestine of many vertebrates.	Vitamin A	115-124	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-36
25445224-2	2014	beta-Carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) is a critical enzyme involved in the conversion of beta-carotene into vitamin A (retinal) in the small intestine of many vertebrates.	Vitamin A	115-124	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	38-43
25478840-2	2014	Although structures of retinol-bound CRBPI and CRBPII are known, no structure of a retinal-bound CRBP has been reported.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
25478840-2	2014	Although structures of retinol-bound CRBPI and CRBPII are known, no structure of a retinal-bound CRBP has been reported.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
25478840-3	2014	In addition, the retinol-bound human CRBPII (hCRBPII) structure shows partial occupancy of a noncanonical conformation of retinol in the binding pocket.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	37-43
25478840-3	2014	In addition, the retinol-bound human CRBPII (hCRBPII) structure shows partial occupancy of a noncanonical conformation of retinol in the binding pocket.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	45-52
25478840-3	2014	In addition, the retinol-bound human CRBPII (hCRBPII) structure shows partial occupancy of a noncanonical conformation of retinol in the binding pocket.	Vitamin A	122-129	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	37-43
25478840-3	2014	In addition, the retinol-bound human CRBPII (hCRBPII) structure shows partial occupancy of a noncanonical conformation of retinol in the binding pocket.	Vitamin A	122-129	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	45-52
25478840-4	2014	Here, the structure of retinal-bound hCRBPII and the structure of retinol-bound hCRBPII with retinol fully occupying the binding pocket are reported.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	80-87
25478840-4	2014	Here, the structure of retinal-bound hCRBPII and the structure of retinol-bound hCRBPII with retinol fully occupying the binding pocket are reported.	Vitamin A	93-100	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	80-87
25256923-6	2014	Patients who were deficient in retinol had a significantly lower median CD4(+) T cell counts (P = 0.002) compared to non-deficient subjects.	Vitamin A	31-38	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	72-75
25256923-8	2014	Accordingly, patients who had retinol levels in quartile 4 had a significantly lower mean CD4(+) T cell count compared to quartile 3 (P = 0.02).	Vitamin A	30-37	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	90-93
25256923-9	2014	The significantly higher CD4(+) T cell counts in patients who were non-deficient in retinol imply the role of retinol in improving the production of CD4(+) T cells.	Vitamin A	84-91	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	25-28
25256923-9	2014	The significantly higher CD4(+) T cell counts in patients who were non-deficient in retinol imply the role of retinol in improving the production of CD4(+) T cells.	Vitamin A	110-117	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	25-28
25256923-9	2014	The significantly higher CD4(+) T cell counts in patients who were non-deficient in retinol imply the role of retinol in improving the production of CD4(+) T cells.	Vitamin A	110-117	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	149-152
25256923-10	2014	However, both lower and higher retinol levels were associated with suppressed immunity (CD4 < 200 cells/mm(3)), suggesting an adverse effect of higher retinol levels.	Vitamin A	31-38	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	88-91
25568859-5	2014	HSC are not only the major storage site for dietary vitamin A (Vit A) (retinol, retinoic acid), which is essential for proper function of the immune system.	Vitamin A	52-61	fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
25568859-5	2014	HSC are not only the major storage site for dietary vitamin A (Vit A) (retinol, retinoic acid), which is essential for proper function of the immune system.	Vitamin A	63-68	fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
25568859-5	2014	HSC are not only the major storage site for dietary vitamin A (Vit A) (retinol, retinoic acid), which is essential for proper function of the immune system.	Vitamin A	71-78	fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
25926859-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Members of the ALDH1 protein family, known as retinal dehydrogenases (RALDH), produce retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A, and may also oxidize other lipid aldehydes.	Vitamin A	134-143	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
25315494-10	2014	The calculated retinol-to-RBP4 ratio rose in vitamin A infants (D3: 0.81 (0.57/0.94), D28: 0.98 (0.77/1.26); P<0.01) but not in controls.	Vitamin A	45-54	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	26-30
25315494-11	2014	In the vitamin A group, the retinol-to-RBP4 ratio was >1 in 15% of all infants on D3 and in 45% of infants on D28, but was <=1 in all, but one, controls on D28.	Vitamin A	7-16	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
25315494-11	2014	In the vitamin A group, the retinol-to-RBP4 ratio was >1 in 15% of all infants on D3 and in 45% of infants on D28, but was <=1 in all, but one, controls on D28.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
25411038-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Biomarkers of iron [plasma ferritin (pF)], vitamin A [retinol binding protein (RBP)], and zinc status [plasma zinc (pZn)] are affected by the acute phase response, independent of micronutrient status.	Vitamin A	55-64	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	66-89
25398733-8	2014	Traditional indicators of iron, zinc, and vitamin A status are altered during the APR, leading to inaccurate estimations of deficiency in populations with a high or unknown prevalence of infection.	Vitamin A	42-51	phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1	Homo sapiens	82-85
25305491-8	2014	Feeding the Cyp26b1 cKO mice a vitamin A-deficient diet partially reversed these abnormalities of the growth plate cartilage.	Vitamin A	31-40	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	12-19
25389900-6	2014	Retinoic acid, the main biologically active form of vitamin A, influences the expression of collagens, laminins, entactin, fibronectin, elastin and proteoglycans, which are the major components of the extracellular matrix.	Vitamin A	52-61	nidogen 1	Homo sapiens	113-121
25389900-6	2014	Retinoic acid, the main biologically active form of vitamin A, influences the expression of collagens, laminins, entactin, fibronectin, elastin and proteoglycans, which are the major components of the extracellular matrix.	Vitamin A	52-61	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	123-134
25389900-6	2014	Retinoic acid, the main biologically active form of vitamin A, influences the expression of collagens, laminins, entactin, fibronectin, elastin and proteoglycans, which are the major components of the extracellular matrix.	Vitamin A	52-61	elastin	Homo sapiens	136-143
25130535-6	2014	RESULTS: Models showed that energy intake (Kcal) and age were positive predictors of CRP elevation while folate intake, total vitamin A intake, and serum retinol concentration were protective against CRP elevation.	Vitamin A	154-161	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	200-203
25403386-3	2014	The most meaningful parameters describing significant differences between the groups of healthy and hypertensive patients in parameters of LPO-antioxidant protection system were fatty acids with double bonds, antioxidant activity, and retinol.	Vitamin A	235-242	lactoperoxidase	Homo sapiens	139-142
25236354-2	2014	An essential retinoid-metabolizing enzyme known as lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is expressed in melanoma cells but not in melanocytes catalysing the esterification of all-trans retinol (ATRol).	Vitamin A	60-67	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	85-89
25237067-1	2014	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	49-72
25237067-1	2014	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-77
25237067-1	2014	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	49-72
25237067-1	2014	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-77
25237067-2	2014	At some tissues, RBP is recognized by STRA6, a plasma membrane protein that serves a dual role: it transports retinol from extracellular RBP into cells and it transduces a signaling cascade mediated by the Janus kinase JAK2 and the transcription factors STAT3 and STAT5.	Vitamin A	110-117	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	17-20
25237067-2	2014	At some tissues, RBP is recognized by STRA6, a plasma membrane protein that serves a dual role: it transports retinol from extracellular RBP into cells and it transduces a signaling cascade mediated by the Janus kinase JAK2 and the transcription factors STAT3 and STAT5.	Vitamin A	110-117	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	38-43
25237067-2	2014	At some tissues, RBP is recognized by STRA6, a plasma membrane protein that serves a dual role: it transports retinol from extracellular RBP into cells and it transduces a signaling cascade mediated by the Janus kinase JAK2 and the transcription factors STAT3 and STAT5.	Vitamin A	110-117	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	137-140
25236354-8	2014	We propose that reduction in ATRol levels in melanoma cells by LRAT leads to a disturbance in cellular retinoid level.	Vitamin A	29-34	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	63-67
25297803-0	2014	A sporadic elder case of erythrokeratodermia variabilis with a single base-pair transversion in GJB3 gene successfully treated with systemic vitamin A derivative.	Vitamin A	141-150	gap junction protein beta 3	Homo sapiens	96-100
25260806-1	2014	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is a major enzyme involved in vitamin A/retinol metabolism, which regulates various physiological processes like cell proliferation and differentiation.	Vitamin A	70-79	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-32
25260806-1	2014	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is a major enzyme involved in vitamin A/retinol metabolism, which regulates various physiological processes like cell proliferation and differentiation.	Vitamin A	70-79	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
25260806-1	2014	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is a major enzyme involved in vitamin A/retinol metabolism, which regulates various physiological processes like cell proliferation and differentiation.	Vitamin A	9-16	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
25340777-6	2014	Further, we have shown that this induction of apoptosis by fenretinide may be caused by increased retinol uptake via STRA6.	Vitamin A	98-105	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	117-122
24852372-0	2014	STRA6 is critical for cellular vitamin A uptake and homeostasis.	Vitamin A	31-40	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	0-5
24852372-3	2014	Biochemical evidence suggests that cellular uptake of vitamin A from RBP4 is facilitated by a membrane receptor.	Vitamin A	54-63	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	69-73
24852372-5	2014	Here we established a Stra6 knockout mouse model to analyze the metabolic basis of vitamin A homeostasis in peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	83-92	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	22-27
24852372-9	2014	Notably, treatment with pharmacological doses of vitamin A restored vitamin A transport across these barriers and rescued the vision of Stra6(-/-) mice.	Vitamin A	49-58	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	136-141
24852372-10	2014	Furthermore, under conditions mimicking vitamin A excess and deficiency, our analyses revealed that STRA6-mediated vitamin A uptake is a regulated process mandatory for ocular vitamin A uptake when RBP4 constitutes the only transport mode in vitamin A deficiency.	Vitamin A	40-49	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	100-105
24852372-10	2014	Furthermore, under conditions mimicking vitamin A excess and deficiency, our analyses revealed that STRA6-mediated vitamin A uptake is a regulated process mandatory for ocular vitamin A uptake when RBP4 constitutes the only transport mode in vitamin A deficiency.	Vitamin A	115-124	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	100-105
24852372-11	2014	These findings identifying STRA6 as a bona fide vitamin A transporter have important implications for disease states associated with impaired blood vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	48-57	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	27-32
24866331-9	2014	Furthermore, the Per3(5/5) variant carriers were associated with higher levels of interleukin-6, B-type natriuretic peptide and lower vitamin A levels.	Vitamin A	134-143	period circadian regulator 3	Homo sapiens	17-21
26310169-4	2015	In many ways, RPE65 is the capstone to the cyclical processing of vitamin A in the eye, and the discovery of this retinol isomerase helped fill a critical gap in the understanding of retinoid processing in vision.	Vitamin A	66-75	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	14-19
25175814-6	2014	Enzymes of retinol metabolism were affected by the absence of either PKC.	Vitamin A	11-18	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	69-72
25210120-6	2014	Activation of beta-catenin/T cell factor 4 was critical to induce regulatory molecules IL-10 (Il-10) and vitamin A metabolizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Aldh1a2) and to suppress proinflammatory cytokines.	Vitamin A	105-114	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	14-26
25210120-6	2014	Activation of beta-catenin/T cell factor 4 was critical to induce regulatory molecules IL-10 (Il-10) and vitamin A metabolizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Aldh1a2) and to suppress proinflammatory cytokines.	Vitamin A	105-114	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	135-164
25210120-6	2014	Activation of beta-catenin/T cell factor 4 was critical to induce regulatory molecules IL-10 (Il-10) and vitamin A metabolizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Aldh1a2) and to suppress proinflammatory cytokines.	Vitamin A	105-114	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	166-173
25372579-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine responsible for vitamin A (retinol) transportation.	Vitamin A	76-85	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	11-36
25372579-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine responsible for vitamin A (retinol) transportation.	Vitamin A	76-85	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
25372579-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine responsible for vitamin A (retinol) transportation.	Vitamin A	87-94	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	11-36
25372579-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine responsible for vitamin A (retinol) transportation.	Vitamin A	87-94	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
25372584-6	2014	A negative correlation was found between daily vitamin A intake and glutathione reductase enzyme before and after intervention (r = -0.385, r = -0.397, P < 0.05) respectively.	Vitamin A	47-56	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Homo sapiens	68-89
25339584-2	2014	The state of the LPO-antioxidant defense system was estimated from blood levels of LPO substrates with conjugated double bonds, conjugated dienes, ketodienes, conjugated trienes, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, retinol, alpha-tocopherol, reduced and oxidized glutathione, and SOD activity.	Vitamin A	220-227	lactoperoxidase	Homo sapiens	17-20
24980834-2	2014	Previous studies of renal megalin function have established that megalin is crucial for conservation of renal filtered nutrients including vitamin A; however, the role of megalin in ocular physiology and development is presently unknown.	Vitamin A	139-148	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2	Mus musculus	65-72
25002123-2	2014	Vitamin A is produced from dietary carotenoids such as beta-carotene by centric cleavage via the enzyme BCO1.	Vitamin A	0-9	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	104-108
25236354-2	2014	An essential retinoid-metabolizing enzyme known as lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is expressed in melanoma cells but not in melanocytes catalysing the esterification of all-trans retinol (ATRol).	Vitamin A	197-202	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	51-83
25236354-2	2014	An essential retinoid-metabolizing enzyme known as lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is expressed in melanoma cells but not in melanocytes catalysing the esterification of all-trans retinol (ATRol).	Vitamin A	197-202	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	85-89
25236354-3	2014	In this study, we show that a stable LRAT knockdown (KD) in the human melanoma cell line SkMel23 leads to significantly increased levels of the substrate ATRol and biologically active ATRA.	Vitamin A	154-159	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	37-41
25236354-5	2014	Furthermore, ATRA-induced gene regulatory mechanisms drive depletion of added ATRol in LRAT KD cells.	Vitamin A	78-83	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	87-91
25268355-4	2014	Serum retinol concentrations correlated inversely with IL-10 and TGF-beta productions in CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) T cells isolated from children with VL stimulated with leishmanial antigens.	Vitamin A	6-13	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	55-60
24972641-5	2014	Trophoblasts have to produce its own retinol-binding protein (RBP) for retinol transport from placenta to fetus.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
25268355-4	2014	Serum retinol concentrations correlated inversely with IL-10 and TGF-beta productions in CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) T cells isolated from children with VL stimulated with leishmanial antigens.	Vitamin A	6-13	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	65-73
25268355-4	2014	Serum retinol concentrations correlated inversely with IL-10 and TGF-beta productions in CD4(+)CD25(high)Foxp3(+) T cells isolated from children with VL stimulated with leishmanial antigens.	Vitamin A	6-13	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	105-110
25268355-7	2014	Strikingly, those results show a potential dual role of vitamin A in the immune system: improvement of a regulatory profile in cells from healthy children after leishmanial stimulation and down modulation of IL-10 in Treg cells and monocytes during symptomatic VL.	Vitamin A	56-65	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	208-213
25251323-1	2014	Stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) is the receptor for retinol binding protein and is relevant for the transport of retinol to specific sites such as the eye.	Vitamin A	58-65	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-29
25112876-1	2014	RPE65 is the retinoid isomerohydrolase that converts all-trans-retinyl ester to 11-cis-retinol, a key reaction in the retinoid visual cycle.	Vitamin A	80-94	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	0-5
25112876-1	2014	RPE65 is the retinoid isomerohydrolase that converts all-trans-retinyl ester to 11-cis-retinol, a key reaction in the retinoid visual cycle.	Vitamin A	80-94	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	13-38
25302071-7	2014	In BAT of obese rats, vitamin A supplementation at doses of 26 and 52 mg of vitamin A/kg diet resulted in increased UCP1 expression with concomitant decrease in RARalpha and RXRalpha levels compared to control diet-fed obese rats.	Vitamin A	22-31	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-120
25302071-7	2014	In BAT of obese rats, vitamin A supplementation at doses of 26 and 52 mg of vitamin A/kg diet resulted in increased UCP1 expression with concomitant decrease in RARalpha and RXRalpha levels compared to control diet-fed obese rats.	Vitamin A	22-31	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	161-169
25302071-7	2014	In BAT of obese rats, vitamin A supplementation at doses of 26 and 52 mg of vitamin A/kg diet resulted in increased UCP1 expression with concomitant decrease in RARalpha and RXRalpha levels compared to control diet-fed obese rats.	Vitamin A	22-31	retinoid X receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	174-182
25302071-7	2014	In BAT of obese rats, vitamin A supplementation at doses of 26 and 52 mg of vitamin A/kg diet resulted in increased UCP1 expression with concomitant decrease in RARalpha and RXRalpha levels compared to control diet-fed obese rats.	Vitamin A	76-85	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-120
24128336-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: The present study was conducted to investigate reasons for the high prevalence of anaemia among adolescent schoolgirls and to elucidate the role of vitamin A in contributing to Fe-deficiency anaemia (IDA).	Vitamin A	159-168	alpha-L-iduronidase	Homo sapiens	211-214
24128336-10	2014	Fe and vitamin A status were significantly different between the IDA and non-IDA groups and also based on their inflammation status.	Vitamin A	7-16	alpha-L-iduronidase	Homo sapiens	65-68
25210858-4	2014	Compounds antagonizing the retinol-dependent interaction of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with transthyretin in the serum would reduce serum RBP4 and retinol and inhibit bisretinoid formation.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	60-85
25210858-4	2014	Compounds antagonizing the retinol-dependent interaction of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with transthyretin in the serum would reduce serum RBP4 and retinol and inhibit bisretinoid formation.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
25210858-4	2014	Compounds antagonizing the retinol-dependent interaction of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with transthyretin in the serum would reduce serum RBP4 and retinol and inhibit bisretinoid formation.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
25210858-4	2014	Compounds antagonizing the retinol-dependent interaction of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with transthyretin in the serum would reduce serum RBP4 and retinol and inhibit bisretinoid formation.	Vitamin A	60-67	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
25210858-4	2014	Compounds antagonizing the retinol-dependent interaction of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with transthyretin in the serum would reduce serum RBP4 and retinol and inhibit bisretinoid formation.	Vitamin A	60-67	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
25302071-7	2014	In BAT of obese rats, vitamin A supplementation at doses of 26 and 52 mg of vitamin A/kg diet resulted in increased UCP1 expression with concomitant decrease in RARalpha and RXRalpha levels compared to control diet-fed obese rats.	Vitamin A	76-85	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	161-169
25302071-7	2014	In BAT of obese rats, vitamin A supplementation at doses of 26 and 52 mg of vitamin A/kg diet resulted in increased UCP1 expression with concomitant decrease in RARalpha and RXRalpha levels compared to control diet-fed obese rats.	Vitamin A	76-85	retinoid X receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	174-182
25302071-11	2014	CONCLUSION: In conclusion, chronic consumption of 52 mg of vitamin A/kg diet seems to be an effective dose in ameliorating obesity possibly through mitochondriogenesis, UCP1-mediated thermogenesis in BAT and apoptosis in eWAT of obese rats.	Vitamin A	59-68	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	169-173
25251323-1	2014	Stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) is the receptor for retinol binding protein and is relevant for the transport of retinol to specific sites such as the eye.	Vitamin A	58-65	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	31-36
24971505-1	2014	The class IV alcohol dehydrogenase gene ADH7 encodes an enzyme that is involved in ethanol and retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	95-102	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	40-44
24060345-3	2014	In this review we briefly discuss some of our previous studies of the classical retinoid visual cycle and introduce current studies in our laboratory that involve two new areas of investigation; the dynamic response of the receptor for retinol binding protein, STRA6 to the addition of holo-retinol binding protein to the culture medium and the protective complement-based response of hfRPE to the ingestion of toxic byproducts of the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	236-243	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	261-266
25183762-0	2014	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) promotes retinol uptake and release by rat Muller cells (rMC-1) in vitro: implications for the cone visual cycle.	Vitamin A	60-67	retinol binding protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-43
25183762-0	2014	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) promotes retinol uptake and release by rat Muller cells (rMC-1) in vitro: implications for the cone visual cycle.	Vitamin A	60-67	retinol binding protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
25183762-2	2014	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein"s ability to bind the pericellular matrix of the cone outer segment and Muller cell villi suggests a function in all-trans and 11-cis retinol targeted trafficking in the cone visual cycle.	Vitamin A	178-185	retinol binding protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-43
25183762-3	2014	We hypothesize that IRBP facilitates delivery and uptake of all-trans retinol to and release of 11-cis retinol from rat Muller cells (rMC-1).	Vitamin A	70-77	retinol binding protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	20-24
25183762-3	2014	We hypothesize that IRBP facilitates delivery and uptake of all-trans retinol to and release of 11-cis retinol from rat Muller cells (rMC-1).	Vitamin A	96-110	retinol binding protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	20-24
25183762-9	2014	Incubation with 5.0 mM deferoxamine (an iron chelator) reduced IRBP-dependent 11-cis retinol retrieval by 60%.	Vitamin A	78-92	retinol binding protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
25183762-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Promoting Muller cell uptake of all-trans retinol and release of 11-cis retinol is a previously unrecognized function of IRBP that may be critical to cone function and integrity.	Vitamin A	55-62	retinol binding protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
25183762-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Promoting Muller cell uptake of all-trans retinol and release of 11-cis retinol is a previously unrecognized function of IRBP that may be critical to cone function and integrity.	Vitamin A	78-92	retinol binding protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
24668648-4	2014	Among several retinol metabolizing enzymes, only alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) 3 expression was detected in isolated HSCs and NK cells, whereas hepatocytes express all of them.	Vitamin A	14-21	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	49-78
24973045-3	2014	We have shown that the hepatic Gck expression is affected by Vitamin A status and synergistically induced by insulin and retinoids in primary rat hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	61-70	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
24903999-2	2014	Transthyretin gene (TTR), codes for a carrier protein for thyroxin (T4) and retinol binding protein bound with retinol in blood plasma, plays a critical role during the early stages of myogenesis.	Vitamin A	76-83	transthyretin	Bos taurus	0-13
24903999-2	2014	Transthyretin gene (TTR), codes for a carrier protein for thyroxin (T4) and retinol binding protein bound with retinol in blood plasma, plays a critical role during the early stages of myogenesis.	Vitamin A	76-83	transthyretin	Bos taurus	20-23
24903999-2	2014	Transthyretin gene (TTR), codes for a carrier protein for thyroxin (T4) and retinol binding protein bound with retinol in blood plasma, plays a critical role during the early stages of myogenesis.	Vitamin A	111-118	transthyretin	Bos taurus	0-13
24903999-2	2014	Transthyretin gene (TTR), codes for a carrier protein for thyroxin (T4) and retinol binding protein bound with retinol in blood plasma, plays a critical role during the early stages of myogenesis.	Vitamin A	111-118	transthyretin	Bos taurus	20-23
24973045-10	2014	In summary, this hepatic Gck promoter RARE interacts with RARalpha, HNF4alpha and COUP-TFII to integrate Vitamin A and insulin signals.	Vitamin A	105-114	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
24973045-10	2014	In summary, this hepatic Gck promoter RARE interacts with RARalpha, HNF4alpha and COUP-TFII to integrate Vitamin A and insulin signals.	Vitamin A	105-114	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
24973045-10	2014	In summary, this hepatic Gck promoter RARE interacts with RARalpha, HNF4alpha and COUP-TFII to integrate Vitamin A and insulin signals.	Vitamin A	105-114	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	68-77
24973045-10	2014	In summary, this hepatic Gck promoter RARE interacts with RARalpha, HNF4alpha and COUP-TFII to integrate Vitamin A and insulin signals.	Vitamin A	105-114	nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	82-91
25155661-4	2014	There are new guidelines for calcium and vitamin A supplementation that can help augment invertebrate nutrient profiles to match the minimum NRC requirements established for rats.	Vitamin A	41-50	nuclear receptor coactivator 6	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
24859730-0	2014	Effects of vitamin a status on expression of ucp1 and brown/beige adipocyte-related genes in white adipose tissues of beef cattle.	Vitamin A	11-20	uncoupling protein 1	Bos taurus	45-49
24768685-9	2014	The treatment with vitamin A and ATRA reverted similarly the sensorial disturbances, which was associated with increased contents of NGF and RAR-beta expression.	Vitamin A	19-28	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
24768685-9	2014	The treatment with vitamin A and ATRA reverted similarly the sensorial disturbances, which was associated with increased contents of NGF and RAR-beta expression.	Vitamin A	19-28	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	141-149
25148198-8	2014	Dietary vitamin A significantly increased mRNA expression of vitamin D receptor in duodenal mucosa (p<0.05), increased aspartate amino transferase activity, and decreased total bilirubin concentration in serum.	Vitamin A	8-17	vitamin D (1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) receptor	Gallus gallus	61-79
25073702-0	2014	Serum amyloid A is a retinol binding protein that transports retinol during bacterial infection.	Vitamin A	21-28	serum amyloid A cluster	Mus musculus	0-15
25009608-0	2014	Effects and mechanisms of vitamin A and vitamin E on the levels of serum leptin and other related cytokines in rats with rheumatoid arthritis.	Vitamin A	26-35	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	73-79
25009608-3	2014	This study aimed to examine the effects of vitamin A (VitA) and vitamin E (VitE) on the levels of leptin and other related experimental and clinical indices, and to explore the mechanisms of these effects through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signal transduction pathway in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).	Vitamin A	43-52	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	98-104
25009608-3	2014	This study aimed to examine the effects of vitamin A (VitA) and vitamin E (VitE) on the levels of leptin and other related experimental and clinical indices, and to explore the mechanisms of these effects through the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signal transduction pathway in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).	Vitamin A	54-58	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	98-104
25009608-12	2014	In conclusion, VitA and VitE reduced the levels of serum leptin protein and other cytokines.	Vitamin A	15-19	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	57-63
24670599-4	2014	We hypothesize that the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) protein is involved in retinol metabolism in HSCs.	Vitamin A	103-110	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	24-70
24670599-4	2014	We hypothesize that the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) protein is involved in retinol metabolism in HSCs.	Vitamin A	103-110	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	72-78
24670599-8	2014	PNPLA3 promotes extracellular release of retinol from HSCs in response to insulin.	Vitamin A	41-48	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	0-6
24670599-9	2014	We also show that purified wild-type PNPLA3 hydrolyzes retinyl palmitate into retinol and palmitic acid.	Vitamin A	78-85	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	37-43
24670599-11	2014	We also find the PNPLA3 I148M genotype to be an independent (P = 0.009 in a multivariate analysis) determinant of circulating retinol-binding protein 4, a reliable proxy for retinol levels in humans.	Vitamin A	126-133	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	17-23
25073702-0	2014	Serum amyloid A is a retinol binding protein that transports retinol during bacterial infection.	Vitamin A	61-68	serum amyloid A cluster	Mus musculus	0-15
25073702-5	2014	We determined the crystal structure of mouse SAA3 at a resolution of 2 A, finding that it forms a tetramer with a hydrophobic binding pocket that can accommodate retinol.	Vitamin A	162-169	serum amyloid A 3	Mus musculus	45-49
24982334-6	2014	A2780 CRBP-1-transfected cells showed increased retinol-induced apoptosis, retinoid-induced reduced clonogenicity and down-regulation of proliferation and transcription genes, including AKT1, AKT3, EGFR, FOS, JUN, STAT1 and STAT5A.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	6-12
24768685-0	2014	Vitamin A increases nerve growth factor and retinoic acid receptor beta and improves diabetic neuropathy in rats.	Vitamin A	0-9	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	20-39
24768685-0	2014	Vitamin A increases nerve growth factor and retinoic acid receptor beta and improves diabetic neuropathy in rats.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	44-71
24835984-1	2014	Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) is a plasma protein that transports retinol (vitamin A) from the liver to peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	69-76	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-25
24835984-1	2014	Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) is a plasma protein that transports retinol (vitamin A) from the liver to peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	69-76	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	27-31
24835984-1	2014	Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) is a plasma protein that transports retinol (vitamin A) from the liver to peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	78-87	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-25
24835984-1	2014	Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) is a plasma protein that transports retinol (vitamin A) from the liver to peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	78-87	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	27-31
24835984-2	2014	This Letter highlights our efforts in discovering the first, to our knowledge, non-retinoid small molecules that bind to RBP4 at the retinol site and reduce serum RBP4 levels in mice, by disrupting the interaction between RBP4 and transthyretin (TTR), a plasma protein that binds RBP4 and protects it from renal excretion.	Vitamin A	133-140	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	121-125
24835984-2	2014	This Letter highlights our efforts in discovering the first, to our knowledge, non-retinoid small molecules that bind to RBP4 at the retinol site and reduce serum RBP4 levels in mice, by disrupting the interaction between RBP4 and transthyretin (TTR), a plasma protein that binds RBP4 and protects it from renal excretion.	Vitamin A	133-140	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	163-167
24835984-2	2014	This Letter highlights our efforts in discovering the first, to our knowledge, non-retinoid small molecules that bind to RBP4 at the retinol site and reduce serum RBP4 levels in mice, by disrupting the interaction between RBP4 and transthyretin (TTR), a plasma protein that binds RBP4 and protects it from renal excretion.	Vitamin A	133-140	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	163-167
24835984-2	2014	This Letter highlights our efforts in discovering the first, to our knowledge, non-retinoid small molecules that bind to RBP4 at the retinol site and reduce serum RBP4 levels in mice, by disrupting the interaction between RBP4 and transthyretin (TTR), a plasma protein that binds RBP4 and protects it from renal excretion.	Vitamin A	133-140	transthyretin	Mus musculus	231-244
24835984-2	2014	This Letter highlights our efforts in discovering the first, to our knowledge, non-retinoid small molecules that bind to RBP4 at the retinol site and reduce serum RBP4 levels in mice, by disrupting the interaction between RBP4 and transthyretin (TTR), a plasma protein that binds RBP4 and protects it from renal excretion.	Vitamin A	133-140	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	163-167
24583166-2	2014	BCMO1 is a key enzyme in vitamin A synthesis by symmetrically cleaving beta-carotene into 2 molecules of all-trans-retinal, while BCO2 is responsible for asymmetric cleavage of a broader range of carotenoids.	Vitamin A	25-34	beta,beta-carotene 15,15'-dioxygenase	Salmo salar	0-5
24857546-2	2014	Our aim was to investigate the involvement of the bovine milk protein beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg), a potential retinoid carrier, in vitamin A absorption.	Vitamin A	133-142	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	57-61
24857546-2	2014	Our aim was to investigate the involvement of the bovine milk protein beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg), a potential retinoid carrier, in vitamin A absorption.	Vitamin A	133-142	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	70-88
24857546-2	2014	Our aim was to investigate the involvement of the bovine milk protein beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg), a potential retinoid carrier, in vitamin A absorption.	Vitamin A	133-142	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	90-97
24857546-4	2014	Caco-2 cells were then used to investigate the mechanisms of vitamin A uptake when delivered by either beta-Lg or mixed micelles.	Vitamin A	61-70	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	103-110
25019074-3	2014	Until recently, it was thought that the sole important retinoid delivery pathway to tissues involved retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP4).	Vitamin A	101-108	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	143-147
26237391-3	2014	Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, is involved in a wide range of biological processes, through binding and activation of nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR).	Vitamin A	40-49	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	157-180
26237391-3	2014	Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, is involved in a wide range of biological processes, through binding and activation of nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR).	Vitamin A	40-49	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	182-185
26237391-3	2014	Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, is involved in a wide range of biological processes, through binding and activation of nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR).	Vitamin A	40-49	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	191-211
26237391-3	2014	Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, is involved in a wide range of biological processes, through binding and activation of nuclear receptors: retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR).	Vitamin A	40-49	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	213-216
24613493-2	2014	Indeed, it is responsible for the esterification of all-trans retinol into all-trans retinyl esters, which can then be stored in microsomes or further metabolized to produce the chromophore of rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	52-69	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	193-202
24695672-8	2014	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), one protein of the retinol transport category, was significantly decreased in the NSCLP group.	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
24883436-6	2014	In contrast, reduced numbers of CD169+ macrophages were found in the colon of mice deficient in vitamin A, whereas CD169+ macrophages in the spleen were unaffected.	Vitamin A	96-105	sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 1, sialoadhesin	Mus musculus	32-37
24695672-8	2014	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), one protein of the retinol transport category, was significantly decreased in the NSCLP group.	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
24695672-10	2014	A significant difference (p < .01) was also found in vitamin A concentrations, consistent with the trend of RBP4.	Vitamin A	56-65	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	111-115
24825059-4	2014	This reveals that STRA6 functions as a "gatekeeper" in retinol (vitamin A)-mediated differentiation of human skin.	Vitamin A	55-62	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	18-23
24284421-2	2014	Our aim was to elucidate the role of the retinol-binding protein receptor STRA6, mediating cellular uptake of retinol, on skin structure and function.	Vitamin A	41-48	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	74-79
24825059-4	2014	This reveals that STRA6 functions as a "gatekeeper" in retinol (vitamin A)-mediated differentiation of human skin.	Vitamin A	64-73	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	18-23
24717369-10	2014	The observed prevalence of anemia and vitamin A deficiency assessed by serum retinol concentration was higher during the APR (P <= 0.05).	Vitamin A	77-84	phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1	Homo sapiens	121-124
24888824-4	2014	However, in RBP knockout mice, retinol has been shown to be present.	Vitamin A	31-38	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	12-15
24803602-0	2014	How free retinol behaves differently from rbp-bound retinol in RBP receptor-mediated vitamin A uptake.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	63-66
24717369-2	2014	Data from a 3-mo randomized, controlled feeding trial in rural Zambian children (n = 181, aged 3-5 y) were used to determine the impact of the APR on indicators of vitamin A and iron status using baseline and final blood samples.	Vitamin A	164-173	phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1	Homo sapiens	143-146
24803602-0	2014	How free retinol behaves differently from rbp-bound retinol in RBP receptor-mediated vitamin A uptake.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	42-45
24803602-0	2014	How free retinol behaves differently from rbp-bound retinol in RBP receptor-mediated vitamin A uptake.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	63-66
24803602-0	2014	How free retinol behaves differently from rbp-bound retinol in RBP receptor-mediated vitamin A uptake.	Vitamin A	85-94	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	42-45
24803602-0	2014	How free retinol behaves differently from rbp-bound retinol in RBP receptor-mediated vitamin A uptake.	Vitamin A	85-94	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	63-66
24733397-4	2014	The RDH10-activated DHRS3 acts as a robust high affinity all-trans-retinaldehyde-specific reductase that effectively converts retinaldehyde back to retinol, decreasing the rate of retinoic acid biosynthesis.	Vitamin A	148-155	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	4-9
24733397-4	2014	The RDH10-activated DHRS3 acts as a robust high affinity all-trans-retinaldehyde-specific reductase that effectively converts retinaldehyde back to retinol, decreasing the rate of retinoic acid biosynthesis.	Vitamin A	148-155	dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3	Mus musculus	20-25
24733397-6	2014	At E13.5, DHRS3-null embryos have ~4-fold lower levels of retinol and retinyl esters, but only slightly elevated levels of retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	58-65	dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3	Mus musculus	10-15
24733397-7	2014	The membrane-associated retinaldehyde reductase and retinol dehydrogenase activities are decreased by ~4- and ~2-fold, respectively, in Dhrs3(-/-) embryos, and Dhrs3(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibit reduced metabolism of both retinaldehyde and retinol.	Vitamin A	52-59	dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3	Mus musculus	136-141
24810481-7	2014	FOLR1 concentration was also positively associated with vitamin A intake (P = 0.02), and showed positive trends with age and with oral contraceptive hormone use among women and an inverse trend with body mass index.	Vitamin A	56-65	folate receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-5
24845870-0	2014	Vitamin A supplementation reduces IL-17 and RORc gene expression in atherosclerotic patients.	Vitamin A	0-9	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	34-39
24845870-0	2014	Vitamin A supplementation reduces IL-17 and RORc gene expression in atherosclerotic patients.	Vitamin A	0-9	RAR related orphan receptor C	Homo sapiens	44-48
24845870-2	2014	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin A supplementation on expression of Th17 cells-related IL-17 and RORc genes in atherosclerotic patients.	Vitamin A	56-65	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	118-123
24845870-2	2014	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin A supplementation on expression of Th17 cells-related IL-17 and RORc genes in atherosclerotic patients.	Vitamin A	56-65	RAR related orphan receptor C	Homo sapiens	128-132
24845870-8	2014	In atherosclerotic patients, vitamin A supplementation resulted in significant decrease in IL-17 gene expression by 0.63-fold in fresh cell, 0.82-fold in PHA-activated cells and 0.65-fold in ox-LDL-activated cells (P < 0.05 for all).	Vitamin A	29-38	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	91-96
24845870-9	2014	RORc gene expression in fresh cells as well as ox-LDL-activated cells decreased significantly after vitamin A supplementation in atherosclerotic patients (P = 0.0001 for both).	Vitamin A	100-109	RAR related orphan receptor C	Homo sapiens	0-4
24845870-10	2014	In PHA-activated cells, vitamin A supplementation significantly decreased RORc gene in both atherosclerotic patients and healthy subjects by 0.87-fold and 0.72, respectively, while in placebo group, the RORc gene expression significantly increased by 1.17-fold (P < 0.05 for all).	Vitamin A	24-33	RAR related orphan receptor C	Homo sapiens	74-78
24845870-10	2014	In PHA-activated cells, vitamin A supplementation significantly decreased RORc gene in both atherosclerotic patients and healthy subjects by 0.87-fold and 0.72, respectively, while in placebo group, the RORc gene expression significantly increased by 1.17-fold (P < 0.05 for all).	Vitamin A	24-33	RAR related orphan receptor C	Homo sapiens	203-207
24810481-11	2014	Serum FOLR1 concentrations may be influenced by the steroid retinoic acid (vitamin A) but do not appear to be associated with folate nutritional status.	Vitamin A	75-84	folate receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	6-11
24760553-7	2014	The approach used to analyze genetic association with the SAM/SAH metabolites is called middle-out: SNPs in 275 genes involved in the one-carbon pathway (folate, pyridoxal/pyridoxine, thiamin) or were correlated with SAM/SAH (vitamin A, E, Hcy) were analyzed instead of the entire 1M SNP data set.	Vitamin A	226-235	acyl-CoA synthetase medium chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	58-65
24760553-7	2014	The approach used to analyze genetic association with the SAM/SAH metabolites is called middle-out: SNPs in 275 genes involved in the one-carbon pathway (folate, pyridoxal/pyridoxine, thiamin) or were correlated with SAM/SAH (vitamin A, E, Hcy) were analyzed instead of the entire 1M SNP data set.	Vitamin A	226-235	acyl-CoA synthetase medium chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	217-224
24843870-3	2014	Recent studies indicate that also the differentiation of CD11b+ DC subsets in the mucosa as well as the spleen depend on vitamin A signalling.	Vitamin A	121-130	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	57-62
24512552-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The class IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH7, mu-ADH, sigma-ADH) is important in the metabolism of ethanol and retinol.	Vitamin A	119-126	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	16-46
24512552-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The class IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH7, mu-ADH, sigma-ADH) is important in the metabolism of ethanol and retinol.	Vitamin A	119-126	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	48-52
24512552-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The class IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH7, mu-ADH, sigma-ADH) is important in the metabolism of ethanol and retinol.	Vitamin A	119-126	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	62-71
27122781-8	2014	The intracellular mechanism about the effects of vitamin A, C and 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3 on the expression of MCP-1 expression in human monocytes was assessed by western blot.	Vitamin A	49-58	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	105-110
27122781-10	2014	Only high concentration of vitamin A and C could reduce LPS-induced MCP-1 production in THP-1-induced macrophage, but not in THP-1 cells.	Vitamin A	27-36	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	68-73
26060767-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Retinol binding protein4 (RBP4) is a type of adipokine which transports vitamin A to serum.	Vitamin A	84-93	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-36
26060767-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Retinol binding protein4 (RBP4) is a type of adipokine which transports vitamin A to serum.	Vitamin A	84-93	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
25521955-0	2014	[Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) regarding vitamin A in children aged less than 5 years-old in Colombia].	Vitamin A	45-54	CEA cell adhesion molecule 5	Homo sapiens	30-33
24229649-4	2014	In addition to absorption efficiency, we fixed two other fractional transfer coefficients: one representing the initial processing of the ingested dose and the other representing the direct secretion of retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) from enterocytes into the plasma.	Vitamin A	203-210	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	220-243
24229649-4	2014	In addition to absorption efficiency, we fixed two other fractional transfer coefficients: one representing the initial processing of the ingested dose and the other representing the direct secretion of retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) from enterocytes into the plasma.	Vitamin A	203-210	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	245-248
24229649-8	2014	Similar to the values predicted by the original model, total traced mass for retinol was 1160 (sd 468) mumol, and the time for retinol to appear in the plasma bound to RBP was 31 3 (sd 4 4) h. In conclusion, we suggest that this approach holds promise for advancing compartmental modelling of vitamin A kinetics in humans when the dose must be administered orally.	Vitamin A	127-134	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	168-171
24229649-8	2014	Similar to the values predicted by the original model, total traced mass for retinol was 1160 (sd 468) mumol, and the time for retinol to appear in the plasma bound to RBP was 31 3 (sd 4 4) h. In conclusion, we suggest that this approach holds promise for advancing compartmental modelling of vitamin A kinetics in humans when the dose must be administered orally.	Vitamin A	293-302	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	168-171
24667133-5	2014	Here, we provide a summary of the current knowledge in this specific area of research and speculate that retinol and CLA may compete for catabolic pathways modulated by the activity of PPAR-alpha and RXR heterodimer.	Vitamin A	105-112	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	185-195
24667133-5	2014	Here, we provide a summary of the current knowledge in this specific area of research and speculate that retinol and CLA may compete for catabolic pathways modulated by the activity of PPAR-alpha and RXR heterodimer.	Vitamin A	105-112	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	200-203
24667133-6	2014	We also present preliminary data that may position PPAR-alpha at the crossroads between the metabolism of lipids and vitamin A.	Vitamin A	117-126	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	51-61
24431331-11	2014	In particular, STRA6 is a retinol binding protein receptor that mediates cellular uptake of retinol/vitamin A and plays a major role in regulating the retinoic acid signalling pathway.	Vitamin A	26-33	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	15-20
24431331-11	2014	In particular, STRA6 is a retinol binding protein receptor that mediates cellular uptake of retinol/vitamin A and plays a major role in regulating the retinoic acid signalling pathway.	Vitamin A	100-109	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	15-20
24421389-6	2014	STRA6 has been implicated in retinol uptake, but retinol uptake and the expression of retinoid homeostatic genes (encoding retinoic acid receptor beta [RARbeta], CYP26A1, and lecithin retinol acyltransferase) were not altered in adipocytes from adipose-Stra6(-/-) mice, indicating that retinoid homeostasis was maintained with STRA6 knockdown.	Vitamin A	29-36	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	0-5
24158962-7	2014	Coadministration of [(13)C10]retinyl acetate with [(13)C10]beta-carotene not only acts as a reference dose for inter-individual variations in absorption and chylomicron clearance rates, but also allows for simultaneous determination of an individual"s vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	252-261	homeobox C10	Homo sapiens	25-28
24287113-5	2014	The highest killing efficiency was observed after co-incubation of the cells with irinotecan and vitamin A (10muM), or vitamin E (25muM), respectively.	Vitamin A	97-106	latexin	Homo sapiens	110-113
24552295-2	2014	These studies have revealed the critical role of the vitamin A-active form, retinoic acid (RA) in the regulation of several developmental genes, including the important growth regulatory factor, transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGFbeta2), involved in early events of heart morphogenesis.	Vitamin A	53-62	transforming growth factor beta 2	Homo sapiens	229-237
24550796-5	2014	Thus, we have studied the effects of a vitamin A-free diet for 14 weeks and a 4-week vitamin A supplementation on plasma and hippocampal corticosterone (CORT) levels in Wistar rats.	Vitamin A	85-94	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	153-157
24550796-7	2014	Interestingly, we show that the vitamin A status regulates levels of free plasma CORT and hippocampal CORT levels, by acting through a regulation of CBG binding capacity and 11beta-HSD1 activity.	Vitamin A	32-41	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
24550796-7	2014	Interestingly, we show that the vitamin A status regulates levels of free plasma CORT and hippocampal CORT levels, by acting through a regulation of CBG binding capacity and 11beta-HSD1 activity.	Vitamin A	32-41	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
24550796-7	2014	Interestingly, we show that the vitamin A status regulates levels of free plasma CORT and hippocampal CORT levels, by acting through a regulation of CBG binding capacity and 11beta-HSD1 activity.	Vitamin A	32-41	serpin family A member 6	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
24550796-7	2014	Interestingly, we show that the vitamin A status regulates levels of free plasma CORT and hippocampal CORT levels, by acting through a regulation of CBG binding capacity and 11beta-HSD1 activity.	Vitamin A	32-41	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	174-185
24550796-8	2014	Moreover, our results suggest that increased CORT levels in VAD rats could have some deleterious consequences on spatial memory, anxiety-like behavior and adult hippocampal neurogenesis whereas these effects could be corrected by a vitamin A supplementation.	Vitamin A	232-241	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
24498423-2	2014	FXR is activated by bile acids, RXRalpha by the vitamin A-derivative 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA).	Vitamin A	48-57	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
24498423-2	2014	FXR is activated by bile acids, RXRalpha by the vitamin A-derivative 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA).	Vitamin A	48-57	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	32-40
23924903-0	2014	Propionibacterium acnes Induces an IL-17 Response in Acne Vulgaris that Is Regulated by Vitamin A and Vitamin D.	Vitamin A	88-97	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	35-40
23890161-8	2014	CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that functional HSCs coexpressing both LRAT and CRBP-1 that continue to maintain the ability to store vitamin A contribute in part to the development of portal fibrogenesis in addition to parenchymal fibrogenesis in patients with viral hepatitis.	Vitamin A	143-152	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	80-84
23890161-8	2014	CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that functional HSCs coexpressing both LRAT and CRBP-1 that continue to maintain the ability to store vitamin A contribute in part to the development of portal fibrogenesis in addition to parenchymal fibrogenesis in patients with viral hepatitis.	Vitamin A	143-152	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	89-95
29805871-15	2013	The use of vitamin A in a nontoxic concentration of 1 muM reduced PI to 0.7 in the first passage, so further culturing of human cells with vitamin A was stopped.	Vitamin A	11-20	latexin	Homo sapiens	54-57
24458645-4	2014	However, vitamin A deprivation paradoxically resulted in dramatic expansion of interleukin-13 (IL-13)-producing ILC2s and resistance to nematode infection in mice, which revealed that ILCs are primary sensors of dietary stress.	Vitamin A	9-18	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	79-93
24458645-4	2014	However, vitamin A deprivation paradoxically resulted in dramatic expansion of interleukin-13 (IL-13)-producing ILC2s and resistance to nematode infection in mice, which revealed that ILCs are primary sensors of dietary stress.	Vitamin A	9-18	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	95-100
24466150-3	2014	Previous reports have suggested that CD11c(Hi) dendritic cells (DCs) of the gastrointestinal tract produce retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1A), which metabolizes vitamin A precursors to retinoic acid to support normal mucosal immunity.	Vitamin A	163-172	integrin subunit alpha X	Homo sapiens	37-42
24466150-8	2014	Moreover, CD11c(Lo/neg) cells from nasal tissue (and a homogeneous respiratory tract epithelial cell line) enhanced IgA production by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocyte cultures in the presence of the retinoic acid precursor retinol.	Vitamin A	237-244	integrin subunit alpha X	Homo sapiens	10-15
26155118-2	2014	The objective of this study was to assess the effect of vitamin A- and zinc-deficient diet on immunoglobulin A (IgA) response.	Vitamin A	56-65	CD79A antigen (immunoglobulin-associated alpha)	Mus musculus	94-110
25250328-5	2014	Cells were treated simultaneously with retinol (5 muM) in the alpha-MSH+retinol group.	Vitamin A	39-46	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	62-71
25250328-10	2014	These alpha-MSH-induced changes were prevented either by retinol or by GW9662.	Vitamin A	57-64	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	6-15
26155118-2	2014	The objective of this study was to assess the effect of vitamin A- and zinc-deficient diet on immunoglobulin A (IgA) response.	Vitamin A	56-65	CD79A antigen (immunoglobulin-associated alpha)	Mus musculus	112-115
26155118-7	2014	Mice maintained on a low vitamin A and zinc diet showed significantly greater food intake but lower production of IgA both in serum and mucosa.	Vitamin A	25-34	CD79A antigen (immunoglobulin-associated alpha)	Mus musculus	114-117
24036882-9	2014	Hence, STRA6 signaling, which requires STRA6-mediated retinol transport, is supported by LRAT-catalyzed retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	54-61	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	7-12
25658124-1	2014	CYP1B1, a recently described dioxin inducible oxidoreductase, is a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily involved in the metabolism of estradiol, retinol, benzo[a]pyrene, tamoxifen, melatonin, sterols etc.	Vitamin A	150-157	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
24036882-1	2014	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	49-72
24036882-1	2014	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	74-77
24036882-1	2014	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	49-72
24036882-1	2014	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	74-77
24036882-2	2014	At some tissues, holo-RBP is recognized by a plasma membrane receptor termed STRA6, which serves a dual role: it mediates transport of retinol from RBP into cells, and it functions as a cytokine receptor that, on binding holo-RBP, activates JAK2/STAT5 signaling.	Vitamin A	135-142	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	22-25
24036882-2	2014	At some tissues, holo-RBP is recognized by a plasma membrane receptor termed STRA6, which serves a dual role: it mediates transport of retinol from RBP into cells, and it functions as a cytokine receptor that, on binding holo-RBP, activates JAK2/STAT5 signaling.	Vitamin A	135-142	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	77-82
24036882-2	2014	At some tissues, holo-RBP is recognized by a plasma membrane receptor termed STRA6, which serves a dual role: it mediates transport of retinol from RBP into cells, and it functions as a cytokine receptor that, on binding holo-RBP, activates JAK2/STAT5 signaling.	Vitamin A	135-142	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	148-151
24036882-2	2014	At some tissues, holo-RBP is recognized by a plasma membrane receptor termed STRA6, which serves a dual role: it mediates transport of retinol from RBP into cells, and it functions as a cytokine receptor that, on binding holo-RBP, activates JAK2/STAT5 signaling.	Vitamin A	135-142	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	148-151
24036882-5	2014	These observations suggest factors that regulate STRA6-mediated retinol transport may also control STRA6-mediated cell signaling.	Vitamin A	64-71	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	49-54
24036882-5	2014	These observations suggest factors that regulate STRA6-mediated retinol transport may also control STRA6-mediated cell signaling.	Vitamin A	64-71	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	99-104
24036882-7	2014	We show here that lecithin:retinol acyl transferase (LRAT), which catalyzes esterification of retinol to its storage species retinyl esters, is necessary for activation of the STRA6/JAK2/STAT5 cascade by holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	27-34	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	53-57
24036882-7	2014	We show here that lecithin:retinol acyl transferase (LRAT), which catalyzes esterification of retinol to its storage species retinyl esters, is necessary for activation of the STRA6/JAK2/STAT5 cascade by holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	27-34	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	176-181
24036882-7	2014	We show here that lecithin:retinol acyl transferase (LRAT), which catalyzes esterification of retinol to its storage species retinyl esters, is necessary for activation of the STRA6/JAK2/STAT5 cascade by holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	27-34	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	182-186
24036882-7	2014	We show here that lecithin:retinol acyl transferase (LRAT), which catalyzes esterification of retinol to its storage species retinyl esters, is necessary for activation of the STRA6/JAK2/STAT5 cascade by holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	27-34	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Mus musculus	187-192
24036882-7	2014	We show here that lecithin:retinol acyl transferase (LRAT), which catalyzes esterification of retinol to its storage species retinyl esters, is necessary for activation of the STRA6/JAK2/STAT5 cascade by holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	209-212
24310731-3	2014	Our results indicated that atRA and retinol could induce GM-CSF and IL-16 expression, whereas all these tested substances enhanced MMP-9 production.	Vitamin A	36-43	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	57-63
24310731-3	2014	Our results indicated that atRA and retinol could induce GM-CSF and IL-16 expression, whereas all these tested substances enhanced MMP-9 production.	Vitamin A	36-43	interleukin 16	Mus musculus	68-73
24310731-5	2014	AtRA and retinol affected GM-CSF and IL-16 expression mainly through RA receptor beta (RARbeta).	Vitamin A	9-16	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	26-32
24310731-5	2014	AtRA and retinol affected GM-CSF and IL-16 expression mainly through RA receptor beta (RARbeta).	Vitamin A	9-16	interleukin 16	Mus musculus	37-42
24310731-5	2014	AtRA and retinol affected GM-CSF and IL-16 expression mainly through RA receptor beta (RARbeta).	Vitamin A	9-16	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Mus musculus	87-94
24310731-8	2014	In parallel, while the MMP-9 induction by atRA was not affected by the MAPKs inhibitors, its induction by retinol and beta-carotene was repressed by the inhibitor targeting ERK1/2.	Vitamin A	106-113	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	173-179
24310731-10	2014	Taken together, we provide evidence here for the first time that atRA, retinol, and beta-carotene differentially regulate GM-CSF, IL-16, and MMP-9 production in macrophages, explaining at least in part why these vitamin A-related substances are beneficial for immunity.	Vitamin A	71-78	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	122-128
24310731-10	2014	Taken together, we provide evidence here for the first time that atRA, retinol, and beta-carotene differentially regulate GM-CSF, IL-16, and MMP-9 production in macrophages, explaining at least in part why these vitamin A-related substances are beneficial for immunity.	Vitamin A	71-78	interleukin 16	Mus musculus	130-135
24310731-10	2014	Taken together, we provide evidence here for the first time that atRA, retinol, and beta-carotene differentially regulate GM-CSF, IL-16, and MMP-9 production in macrophages, explaining at least in part why these vitamin A-related substances are beneficial for immunity.	Vitamin A	71-78	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	141-146
24310731-10	2014	Taken together, we provide evidence here for the first time that atRA, retinol, and beta-carotene differentially regulate GM-CSF, IL-16, and MMP-9 production in macrophages, explaining at least in part why these vitamin A-related substances are beneficial for immunity.	Vitamin A	212-221	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	122-128
24310731-10	2014	Taken together, we provide evidence here for the first time that atRA, retinol, and beta-carotene differentially regulate GM-CSF, IL-16, and MMP-9 production in macrophages, explaining at least in part why these vitamin A-related substances are beneficial for immunity.	Vitamin A	212-221	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	141-146
24306959-2	2014	We determined the effects of dietary fat and dietary vitamin A on hepatic expression of two fatty acid metabolizing enzymes, elongase 6 (ELOVL6) and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) and the concentration of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) of phospholipids in serum and liver.	Vitamin A	53-62	ELOVL family member 6, elongation of long chain fatty acids (yeast)	Mus musculus	137-143
24306959-11	2014	In summary, this study shows that fat content in the diet has a stronger impact than the content of vitamin A on hepatic gene expression of SCD1 and ELOVL6 and thereby on MUFA and SAFA concentrations in liver and plasma.	Vitamin A	100-109	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	140-144
24306959-11	2014	In summary, this study shows that fat content in the diet has a stronger impact than the content of vitamin A on hepatic gene expression of SCD1 and ELOVL6 and thereby on MUFA and SAFA concentrations in liver and plasma.	Vitamin A	100-109	ELOVL family member 6, elongation of long chain fatty acids (yeast)	Mus musculus	149-155
25227295-3	2014	The vitamin A (VA) metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) signaling via RA nuclear receptors plays a key role in immune homeostasis in the small bowel, and recent work indicates that RA is required for establishing immune tolerance to dietary antigens in the upper intestinal tract by inducing alpha4beta7(+)CCR9(+) gut-tropic TREG.	Vitamin A	4-13	C-C motif chemokine receptor 9	Homo sapiens	309-313
25227295-3	2014	The vitamin A (VA) metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) signaling via RA nuclear receptors plays a key role in immune homeostasis in the small bowel, and recent work indicates that RA is required for establishing immune tolerance to dietary antigens in the upper intestinal tract by inducing alpha4beta7(+)CCR9(+) gut-tropic TREG.	Vitamin A	15-17	C-C motif chemokine receptor 9	Homo sapiens	309-313
23485553-0	2014	Daily rhythms of catalase and glutathione peroxidase expression and activity are endogenously driven in the hippocampus and are modified by a vitamin A-free diet.	Vitamin A	142-151	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	17-25
25100235-2	2014	Previously, we reported that chronic vitamin A feeding (129 mg/kg) for two months normalized the abnormally high plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in hypercholesterolemic obese rats by upregulating the hepatic scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-BI) expression.	Vitamin A	37-46	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	249-254
25100235-5	2014	RESULTS: Vitamin A supplementation in the obese rats decreased the plasma HDL-C levels with a concomitant increase in the hepatic SR-BI expression and lipase activity compared to that observed in the control diet-fed obese rats treated with 2.6 mg of vitamin A/kg diet.	Vitamin A	9-18	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-135
25100235-5	2014	RESULTS: Vitamin A supplementation in the obese rats decreased the plasma HDL-C levels with a concomitant increase in the hepatic SR-BI expression and lipase activity compared to that observed in the control diet-fed obese rats treated with 2.6 mg of vitamin A/kg diet.	Vitamin A	9-18	lipase G, endothelial type	Rattus norvegicus	151-157
24174622-0	2014	Complement c3 is inversely associated with habitual intake of provitamin A but not with dietary fat, fatty acids, or vitamin E in middle-aged to older white adults and positively associated with intake of retinol in middle-aged to older white women.	Vitamin A	205-212	complement C3	Homo sapiens	0-13
24174622-8	2014	In contrast, and only in women, dietary retinol intake (in mug/d) was positively associated with C3 (beta = 0.116; 95% CI: 0.014, 0.218; P = 0.026; n = 196).	Vitamin A	40-47	complement C3	Homo sapiens	97-99
24174622-9	2014	In conclusion, these data suggest that fasting concentrations of C3 may, in a complex manner, be modifiable by variation in dietary provitamin A carotenoids and/or retinol content of the usual diet but most likely not by variations in fat composition and vitamin E content.	Vitamin A	164-171	complement C3	Homo sapiens	65-67
23945125-2	2014	The study was performed between developmental days E15-E19, and the fetuses were collected from two main groups: control (no manipulation) and vitamin A (administration of vitamin A on developmental day E14).	Vitamin A	172-181	skull morphology 21	Mus musculus	203-206
23945125-5	2014	Fetuses from the vitamin A group began to accumulate retinol on day E16, until E19 and sexual dimorphism was exhibited.	Vitamin A	17-26	skull morphology 26	Mus musculus	79-82
24036882-9	2014	Hence, STRA6 signaling, which requires STRA6-mediated retinol transport, is supported by LRAT-catalyzed retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	54-61	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	39-44
24036882-10	2014	The observations demonstrate that STRA6 regulates key cellular processes by coupling circulating holo-RBP levels and intracellular retinol metabolism to cell signaling.	Vitamin A	131-138	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	34-39
25126202-0	2014	Vitamin A supplementation alleviates extrahepatic cholestasis liver injury through Nrf2 activation.	Vitamin A	0-9	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
24356375-3	2014	OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess whether the RDR calculated with retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) might be a substitute for the classical retinol-based RDR test for assessing vitamin A status in very preterm infants.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
24962882-1	2014	Retinoid X Receptors (RXR) were initially identified as nuclear receptors binding with stereo-selectivity the vitamin A derivative 9-cis retinoic acid, although the relevance of this molecule as endogenous activator of RXRs is still elusive.	Vitamin A	110-119	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-20
24962882-1	2014	Retinoid X Receptors (RXR) were initially identified as nuclear receptors binding with stereo-selectivity the vitamin A derivative 9-cis retinoic acid, although the relevance of this molecule as endogenous activator of RXRs is still elusive.	Vitamin A	110-119	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	22-25
24962883-1	2014	The nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RAR alpha, beta and gamma) and their isoforms are ligand-dependent regulators of transcription Transcription , which mediate the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (RA), the active endogenous metabolite of Vitamin A.	Vitamin A	243-252	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	37-62
25356626-0	2014	Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase mediates the ability of retinol to decrease colorectal cancer cell invasion.	Vitamin A	54-61	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Homo sapiens	0-29
25356626-1	2014	Previously, we showed that retinol (vitamin A) decreased both colorectal cancer cell invasion and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity through a retinoic acid receptor-independent mechanism.	Vitamin A	27-34	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Homo sapiens	98-127
25356626-1	2014	Previously, we showed that retinol (vitamin A) decreased both colorectal cancer cell invasion and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity through a retinoic acid receptor-independent mechanism.	Vitamin A	36-45	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Homo sapiens	98-127
25356626-4	2014	Treatment with 10 muM retinol also decreased the activity of matrixmetalloproteinase-9 and increased tissue inhibitor of matrixmetalloproteinase-I levels in parental, but not mutant, HCT-116 cells.	Vitamin A	22-29	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	61-86
25126202-7	2014	RESULTS: Vitamin A treatment restored levels of retinoids in liver, improved liver function, alleviated oxidative stress, and facilitated the translocation of Nrf2 to the nucleus in the experimental obstructive jaundice.	Vitamin A	9-18	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	159-163
25126202-8	2014	Vitamin A was also found to increase the expression of Nrf2 downstream proteins such as Ho1 and Nqo1.	Vitamin A	0-9	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
25126202-8	2014	Vitamin A was also found to increase the expression of Nrf2 downstream proteins such as Ho1 and Nqo1.	Vitamin A	0-9	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
25126202-8	2014	Vitamin A was also found to increase the expression of Nrf2 downstream proteins such as Ho1 and Nqo1.	Vitamin A	0-9	NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
24335710-8	2013	Interaction analysis showed that children who were overweight and obese who also had low concentrations of vitamin A had higher CRP and lower triglycerides (p < 0.1), children with low vitamin E had significantly lower glucose and triglycerides (p < 0.1) and higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations (p < 0.05), and children with low zinc concentrations had higher insulin resistance compared with children with adequate weight (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	107-116	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	128-131
24384995-7	2013	The findings showed that the reduction in serum ferritin level and the increments in haemoglobin, serum iron and transferrin saturation were found to be significant among children allocated to the vitamin A group compared to those allocated to the placebo group (p<0.01).	Vitamin A	197-206	transferrin	Homo sapiens	113-124
24391722-2	2013	STRA6 is the high-affinity receptor for plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and mediates cellular vitamin A uptake.	Vitamin A	99-108	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	0-5
24391722-2	2013	STRA6 is the high-affinity receptor for plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and mediates cellular vitamin A uptake.	Vitamin A	99-108	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	72-75
24391722-4	2013	STRA6 KO mice under vitamin A sufficient conditions were fertile without apparent anomalies upon visual inspection.	Vitamin A	20-29	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	0-5
24187135-2	2013	beta-Carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of provitamin A carotenoids at the central 15-15" double bond to yield retinal (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	77-86	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-30
24187135-2	2013	beta-Carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of provitamin A carotenoids at the central 15-15" double bond to yield retinal (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	77-86	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
24312675-9	2013	The vaccinated VAD (non-vitamin A supplemented) pigs had significantly higher serum IL12 (PID2) and IFNgamma (PID6) compared to vaccinated VAS groups suggesting higher Th1 responses in VAD conditions.	Vitamin A	24-33	IL12	Sus scrofa	84-88
24005908-4	2013	Lack of DHRS3 leads to a 40% increase in the levels of ATRA and a 60% and 55% decrease in the levels of retinol and retinyl esters, respectively, in Dhrs3(-/-) embryos compared to wild-type littermates.	Vitamin A	104-111	dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3	Mus musculus	8-13
24169407-4	2013	Both corticosteroids and vitamin A derivatives have been shown to upregulate the expression of aquaporin 1, a water channel protein.	Vitamin A	25-34	aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group)	Homo sapiens	95-106
24030101-5	2013	Further, our studies revealed that retinol metabolism is distinctly down-regulated and the mitochondrial structural proteins-components of mitochondrial inter-membrane space bridging (MIB) complex (Mitofilin, Sam50, and ChChd3), and Tim proteins-essential for protein import, are significantly up-regulated in HFD fed mice.	Vitamin A	35-42	inner membrane protein, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	198-207
24030101-5	2013	Further, our studies revealed that retinol metabolism is distinctly down-regulated and the mitochondrial structural proteins-components of mitochondrial inter-membrane space bridging (MIB) complex (Mitofilin, Sam50, and ChChd3), and Tim proteins-essential for protein import, are significantly up-regulated in HFD fed mice.	Vitamin A	35-42	coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain containing 3	Mus musculus	220-226
24030101-5	2013	Further, our studies revealed that retinol metabolism is distinctly down-regulated and the mitochondrial structural proteins-components of mitochondrial inter-membrane space bridging (MIB) complex (Mitofilin, Sam50, and ChChd3), and Tim proteins-essential for protein import, are significantly up-regulated in HFD fed mice.	Vitamin A	35-42	translocation induced circling mutation	Mus musculus	233-236
24324457-6	2013	Vitamin A, which is metabolized to Retinoic Acid in Sertoli cells, controls both SSCs differentiation through KIT induction and NANOS2 inhibition, and meiotic entry of differentiating spermatogonia through STRA8 upregulation.	Vitamin A	0-9	KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	110-113
24324457-6	2013	Vitamin A, which is metabolized to Retinoic Acid in Sertoli cells, controls both SSCs differentiation through KIT induction and NANOS2 inhibition, and meiotic entry of differentiating spermatogonia through STRA8 upregulation.	Vitamin A	0-9	nanos C2HC-type zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	128-134
24324457-6	2013	Vitamin A, which is metabolized to Retinoic Acid in Sertoli cells, controls both SSCs differentiation through KIT induction and NANOS2 inhibition, and meiotic entry of differentiating spermatogonia through STRA8 upregulation.	Vitamin A	0-9	stimulated by retinoic acid 8	Homo sapiens	206-211
24106281-9	2013	We also show that a stepwise cleavage by BCO2 and BCO1 with APO10ol as an intermediate could provide a mechanism to tailor asymmetric carotenoids such as beta-cryptoxanthin for vitamin A production.	Vitamin A	177-186	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	41-45
24106281-9	2013	We also show that a stepwise cleavage by BCO2 and BCO1 with APO10ol as an intermediate could provide a mechanism to tailor asymmetric carotenoids such as beta-cryptoxanthin for vitamin A production.	Vitamin A	177-186	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	50-54
23727499-1	2013	The formal first step in in vitamin A metabolism is the conversion of its natural precursor beta,beta-carotene (C40) to retinaldehyde (C20).	Vitamin A	28-37	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
23727499-1	2013	The formal first step in in vitamin A metabolism is the conversion of its natural precursor beta,beta-carotene (C40) to retinaldehyde (C20).	Vitamin A	28-37	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
23727499-1	2013	The formal first step in in vitamin A metabolism is the conversion of its natural precursor beta,beta-carotene (C40) to retinaldehyde (C20).	Vitamin A	28-37	CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 11	Homo sapiens	112-115
23727499-11	2013	Establishment of a protocol that yields highly active homogenous BCMO1 is an important step towards clarifying the lipophilic substrate interaction, reaction mechanism and structure of this vitamin A forming enzyme.	Vitamin A	190-199	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
23850584-0	2013	Moderate vitamin A supplementation in obese mice regulates tissue factor and cytokine production in a sex-specific manner.	Vitamin A	9-18	coagulation factor III	Mus musculus	59-72
23850584-11	2013	The sex-specific decrease of plasma tissue factor concentrations by moderate dietary vitA supplementation could potentially reduce pro-thrombotic states in obese females.	Vitamin A	85-89	coagulation factor III	Mus musculus	36-49
24071514-1	2013	beta-Carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (CMO1, BCMO1) converts beta-carotene to retinaldehyde (retinal) and is a key enzyme in vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	122-131	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
24035612-3	2013	Herein, we provide evidence that transthyretin, a transporter of thyroxine and retinol, is aggregated in preeclampsia and is present at reduced levels in sera of preeclamptic women, as detected by proteomic screen.	Vitamin A	79-86	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	33-46
24433184-2	2013	Because disturbance of vitamin A metabolism might be important, we investigated expression of the enzymes lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and RPE65 by immunohistochemistry in melanoma metastases and melanocytic nevi.	Vitamin A	23-32	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	106-138
23868508-1	2013	The aim of this study was to investigate the role of vitamin A on RORgammat and IL-17 gene expression in multiple sclerotic patients.	Vitamin A	53-62	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	80-85
23868508-4	2013	The results of this study show that vitamin A downregulates IL-17 and RORgammat gene expression.	Vitamin A	36-45	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	60-65
24223695-0	2013	Vitamin A transport and the transmembrane pore in the cell-surface receptor for plasma retinol binding protein.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	80-110
24223695-2	2013	Plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) is the principal and specific vitamin A carrier in the blood and binds vitamin A at 1:1 ratio.	Vitamin A	67-76	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-30
24223695-2	2013	Plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) is the principal and specific vitamin A carrier in the blood and binds vitamin A at 1:1 ratio.	Vitamin A	67-76	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
24223695-2	2013	Plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) is the principal and specific vitamin A carrier in the blood and binds vitamin A at 1:1 ratio.	Vitamin A	108-117	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-30
24223695-2	2013	Plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) is the principal and specific vitamin A carrier in the blood and binds vitamin A at 1:1 ratio.	Vitamin A	108-117	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
24223695-3	2013	STRA6 is the high-affinity membrane receptor for RBP and mediates cellular vitamin A uptake.	Vitamin A	75-84	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
24223695-4	2013	STRA6 null mice have severely depleted vitamin A reserves for vision and consequently have vision loss, even under vitamin A sufficient conditions.	Vitamin A	39-48	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	0-5
24223695-4	2013	STRA6 null mice have severely depleted vitamin A reserves for vision and consequently have vision loss, even under vitamin A sufficient conditions.	Vitamin A	115-124	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	0-5
24312675-9	2013	The vaccinated VAD (non-vitamin A supplemented) pigs had significantly higher serum IL12 (PID2) and IFNgamma (PID6) compared to vaccinated VAS groups suggesting higher Th1 responses in VAD conditions.	Vitamin A	24-33	interferon gamma	Sus scrofa	100-108
24059847-3	2013	Retinoic acid (RA), the carboxylic acid form of vitamin A, displays agonist activity toward several nuclear hormone receptors, including RA receptors (RARs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta).	Vitamin A	48-57	arginyl-tRNA synthetase	Mus musculus	137-149
23734950-4	2013	In addition, we demonstrate differentiation-related changes in the expression of genes encoding proteins of the retinoid machinery, including components responsible for uptake (Stra6) and storage (Lrat) of vitamin A, transport of retinoids (Rbp4, CrbpI, CrabpI-II), synthesis (Rdh10, Raldh1-4), degradation of RA (Cyp26a1-c1) and RA signaling (Raralpha,beta,gamma, Rxralpha,beta,gamma).	Vitamin A	206-215	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	197-201
23955709-0	2013	Impact of vitamin A supplementation on RAR gene expression in multiple sclerosis patients.	Vitamin A	10-19	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	39-42
23955709-1	2013	Vitamin A and its derivatives have been shown to modulate the immune system via retinoic acid receptor (RAR).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	80-102
23955709-1	2013	Vitamin A and its derivatives have been shown to modulate the immune system via retinoic acid receptor (RAR).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	104-107
23955709-8	2013	These results show that vitamin A supplementation can significantly downregulate the expression of RAR-alpha gene in PBMCs of MS patients that suggest the presence of in vivo regulatory mechanisms for the action of vitamin A on the immune system.	Vitamin A	24-33	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	99-108
23955709-8	2013	These results show that vitamin A supplementation can significantly downregulate the expression of RAR-alpha gene in PBMCs of MS patients that suggest the presence of in vivo regulatory mechanisms for the action of vitamin A on the immune system.	Vitamin A	215-224	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	99-108
23719693-1	2013	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a specific transporter of retinol and was recently identified as an adipokine potentially involved in type 2 diabetes in humans and rodents.	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
23719693-1	2013	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a specific transporter of retinol and was recently identified as an adipokine potentially involved in type 2 diabetes in humans and rodents.	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
24227948-4	2013	Many genes involved in hepatic retinoid physiology, including CRBP-I, were altered and the tissue levels of retinol and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) were elevated in the liver of HBx Tg mice compared to those of wild type (WT) control mice.	Vitamin A	108-115	X protein	Hepatitis B virus	181-184
23959802-1	2013	Retinoids are vitamin A (retinol) derivatives and complex regulators of adipogenesis by activating specific nuclear receptors, including the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR).	Vitamin A	14-23	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	141-163
23959802-1	2013	Retinoids are vitamin A (retinol) derivatives and complex regulators of adipogenesis by activating specific nuclear receptors, including the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR).	Vitamin A	14-23	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	165-168
23959802-1	2013	Retinoids are vitamin A (retinol) derivatives and complex regulators of adipogenesis by activating specific nuclear receptors, including the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR).	Vitamin A	25-32	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	141-163
23959802-1	2013	Retinoids are vitamin A (retinol) derivatives and complex regulators of adipogenesis by activating specific nuclear receptors, including the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR).	Vitamin A	25-32	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	165-168
23959802-2	2013	Circulating retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and its membrane receptor STRA6 coordinate cellular retinol uptake.	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	39-43
27335827-0	2013	Roles of Vitamin A Metabolism in the Development of Hepatic Insulin Resistance.	Vitamin A	9-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	60-67
23999499-3	2013	Here, we report that retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A derivative, controls the homeostasis of pre-DC (precursor of DC)-derived splenic CD11b(+)CD8alpha(-)Esam(high) DCs and the developmentally related CD11b(+)CD103(+) subset within the gut.	Vitamin A	43-52	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	134-139
23999499-3	2013	Here, we report that retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A derivative, controls the homeostasis of pre-DC (precursor of DC)-derived splenic CD11b(+)CD8alpha(-)Esam(high) DCs and the developmentally related CD11b(+)CD103(+) subset within the gut.	Vitamin A	43-52	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	142-150
24059847-3	2013	Retinoic acid (RA), the carboxylic acid form of vitamin A, displays agonist activity toward several nuclear hormone receptors, including RA receptors (RARs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta).	Vitamin A	48-57	arginyl-tRNA synthetase	Mus musculus	151-155
24059847-3	2013	Retinoic acid (RA), the carboxylic acid form of vitamin A, displays agonist activity toward several nuclear hormone receptors, including RA receptors (RARs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta).	Vitamin A	48-57	peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta	Mus musculus	161-209
24059847-3	2013	Retinoic acid (RA), the carboxylic acid form of vitamin A, displays agonist activity toward several nuclear hormone receptors, including RA receptors (RARs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta).	Vitamin A	48-57	peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta	Mus musculus	211-220
23814022-6	2013	Moreover, transgenic donor T cells expressing a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) response element luciferase reporter responded to increased vitamin A metabolites in GVHD-affected organs.	Vitamin A	137-146	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	48-70
23814022-6	2013	Moreover, transgenic donor T cells expressing a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) response element luciferase reporter responded to increased vitamin A metabolites in GVHD-affected organs.	Vitamin A	137-146	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	72-75
23847298-9	2013	The high vitamin A status of LOU/C rats could contribute to their low HPA axis activity/reactivity and to a protective effect against 11beta-HSD1-mediated deleterious action on cognitive performances during ageing.	Vitamin A	9-18	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-145
23974111-1	2013	By means of an unbiased, automated fluorescence microscopy-based screen, we identified the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib as potent enhancers of the differentiation of HL-60 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells exposed to suboptimal concentrations of vitamin A (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA) or vitamin D (1alpha,25-hydroxycholecalciferol, VD).	Vitamin A	293-302	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	91-123
23974111-1	2013	By means of an unbiased, automated fluorescence microscopy-based screen, we identified the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors erlotinib and gefitinib as potent enhancers of the differentiation of HL-60 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells exposed to suboptimal concentrations of vitamin A (all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA) or vitamin D (1alpha,25-hydroxycholecalciferol, VD).	Vitamin A	293-302	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	125-129
23707795-1	2013	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the only circulatory transport protein for vitamin A.	Vitamin A	79-88	retinol binding protein 4 A, plasma	Gallus gallus	0-25
23707795-1	2013	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the only circulatory transport protein for vitamin A.	Vitamin A	79-88	retinol binding protein 4 A, plasma	Gallus gallus	27-31
24099613-1	2013	The essential effect of vitamin A on immune function occurs through various mechanisms including direct effect on Th1-Th2 balance modulation.	Vitamin A	24-33	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	114-117
24099613-3	2013	Therefore, the purpose of our study was to examine the effect of vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on Th1-Th2 differentiation in CD4+ T cells under GATA-3 deficiency, which can induce Th1-polarizing condition.	Vitamin A	65-74	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	120-123
24099613-3	2013	Therefore, the purpose of our study was to examine the effect of vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on Th1-Th2 differentiation in CD4+ T cells under GATA-3 deficiency, which can induce Th1-polarizing condition.	Vitamin A	65-74	GATA binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	166-172
24099613-3	2013	Therefore, the purpose of our study was to examine the effect of vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on Th1-Th2 differentiation in CD4+ T cells under GATA-3 deficiency, which can induce Th1-polarizing condition.	Vitamin A	65-74	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	202-205
24099613-7	2013	The results would contribute to clarify the knowledge of the role of vitamin A in regulating Th1-Th2 balance under some special conditions, and help to explain the mechanism of immune regulatory function of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	69-78	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	93-96
24437320-1	2013	This objective of this study was to determine benefit of one month combined supplementation (zinc, vitamin A, fish oil) along with anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATD) on increasing serum leptin levels and decreasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in children with tuberculosis (TB).	Vitamin A	99-108	leptin	Homo sapiens	181-187
23765990-2	2013	RA is produced from metabolism of retinol to retinaldehyde by retinol dehydrogenase (RDH), followed by metabolism of retinaldehyde to RA by retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH).	Vitamin A	34-41	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	62-83
23765990-2	2013	RA is produced from metabolism of retinol to retinaldehyde by retinol dehydrogenase (RDH), followed by metabolism of retinaldehyde to RA by retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH).	Vitamin A	34-41	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	85-88
23172890-3	2013	We previously showed that siRNA against collagen-specific chaperone protein gp46, encapsulated in vitamin A-coupled liposomes (VA-lip-siRNAgp46), resolved fibrosis in a model of liver cirrhosis.	Vitamin A	98-107	serpin family H member 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
23624141-1	2013	The retinoic acid (RA, a vitamin A metabolite) receptor (RAR) is a transcription factor.	Vitamin A	25-34	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	57-60
24437320-1	2013	This objective of this study was to determine benefit of one month combined supplementation (zinc, vitamin A, fish oil) along with anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATD) on increasing serum leptin levels and decreasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in children with tuberculosis (TB).	Vitamin A	99-108	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	239-248
24437320-11	2013	Supplementation with zinc, vitamin A and fish oil is associated with a significant increase in leptin levels and a significant decrease in TNF-alpha levels among children treated for TB.	Vitamin A	27-36	leptin	Homo sapiens	95-101
24437320-11	2013	Supplementation with zinc, vitamin A and fish oil is associated with a significant increase in leptin levels and a significant decrease in TNF-alpha levels among children treated for TB.	Vitamin A	27-36	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	139-148
24018456-4	2013	The isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase also participate in the metabolism of retinol and serotonin.	Vitamin A	78-85	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	18-39
23973989-6	2013	A relationship was highlighted between vitamin D and the genetic polymorphism of beta-lactoglobulin, the main bovine whey protein which is involved in the transport of small hydrophobic molecules such as retinol and vitamin D.	Vitamin A	204-211	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	81-99
23839944-1	2013	The plasma membrane protein STRA6 is thought to mediate uptake of retinol from its blood carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP) into cells and to function as a surface receptor that, upon binding of holo-RBP, activates a JAK/STAT cascade.	Vitamin A	66-73	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	28-33
23839944-1	2013	The plasma membrane protein STRA6 is thought to mediate uptake of retinol from its blood carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP) into cells and to function as a surface receptor that, upon binding of holo-RBP, activates a JAK/STAT cascade.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	97-120
23839944-1	2013	The plasma membrane protein STRA6 is thought to mediate uptake of retinol from its blood carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP) into cells and to function as a surface receptor that, upon binding of holo-RBP, activates a JAK/STAT cascade.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	122-125
23839944-1	2013	The plasma membrane protein STRA6 is thought to mediate uptake of retinol from its blood carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP) into cells and to function as a surface receptor that, upon binding of holo-RBP, activates a JAK/STAT cascade.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	203-206
23647009-1	2013	We evaluated the role of some matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in enhancing the effect of vitamin A and the inhibiting effect of methylprednisolone on amyloid arthropathy in brown layer chicks.	Vitamin A	90-99	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Gallus gallus	57-61
23977218-0	2013	A mid-life vitamin A supplementation prevents age-related spatial memory deficits and hippocampal neurogenesis alterations through CRABP-I.	Vitamin A	11-20	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-138
23591992-2	2013	Mutations in STRA6, the gene encoding the cellular receptor for vitamin A, in patients with Matthew-Wood syndrome and anophthalmia/microphthalmia (A/M), have previously demonstrated the importance of retinol metabolism in human eye disease.	Vitamin A	64-73	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	13-18
23591992-2	2013	Mutations in STRA6, the gene encoding the cellular receptor for vitamin A, in patients with Matthew-Wood syndrome and anophthalmia/microphthalmia (A/M), have previously demonstrated the importance of retinol metabolism in human eye disease.	Vitamin A	200-207	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	13-18
23647009-9	2013	In addition, vitamin A significantly increased the release of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9.	Vitamin A	13-22	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Gallus gallus	62-67
23647009-9	2013	In addition, vitamin A significantly increased the release of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9.	Vitamin A	13-22	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Gallus gallus	69-74
23647009-9	2013	In addition, vitamin A significantly increased the release of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9.	Vitamin A	13-22	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Gallus gallus	79-84
23644028-10	2013	All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH8) is a visual cycle enzyme that reduces all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol in the presence of NADPH.	Vitamin A	98-115	retinol dehydrogenase 8	Homo sapiens	33-37
25436722-3	2013	More recently, retinol derivatives were also shown to control the RAR activity, enlightening the interplay between vitamin A metabolism and RAR-mediated transcriptional control.	Vitamin A	15-22	RAB40B, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	66-69
23300015-4	2013	Treatment with human retinol-bound RBP4 (holo-RBP4) significantly induced intracellular triglyceride (TAG) synthesis in HepG2 cells and this effect is retinol-independent.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	35-39
23300015-4	2013	Treatment with human retinol-bound RBP4 (holo-RBP4) significantly induced intracellular triglyceride (TAG) synthesis in HepG2 cells and this effect is retinol-independent.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	41-50
23300015-4	2013	Treatment with human retinol-bound RBP4 (holo-RBP4) significantly induced intracellular triglyceride (TAG) synthesis in HepG2 cells and this effect is retinol-independent.	Vitamin A	151-158	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	35-39
23300015-4	2013	Treatment with human retinol-bound RBP4 (holo-RBP4) significantly induced intracellular triglyceride (TAG) synthesis in HepG2 cells and this effect is retinol-independent.	Vitamin A	151-158	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	41-50
23959802-4	2013	Here, we show that STRA6 is expressed in precursor cells and, dictated by the apo- and holo-RBP4 isoforms, mediates bidirectional retinol transport that controls RARalpha activity and subsequent adipocyte differentiation.	Vitamin A	130-137	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	19-24
23959802-4	2013	Here, we show that STRA6 is expressed in precursor cells and, dictated by the apo- and holo-RBP4 isoforms, mediates bidirectional retinol transport that controls RARalpha activity and subsequent adipocyte differentiation.	Vitamin A	130-137	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	92-96
23959802-4	2013	Here, we show that STRA6 is expressed in precursor cells and, dictated by the apo- and holo-RBP4 isoforms, mediates bidirectional retinol transport that controls RARalpha activity and subsequent adipocyte differentiation.	Vitamin A	130-137	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	162-170
23959802-6	2013	Retinol-loaded holo-RBP4 blocked adipocyte differentiation of cultured precursors by activating RARalpha.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	20-24
23959802-6	2013	Retinol-loaded holo-RBP4 blocked adipocyte differentiation of cultured precursors by activating RARalpha.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	96-104
23959802-7	2013	Remarkably, retinol-free apo-RBP4 triggered retinol efflux that reduced cellular retinoids, RARalpha activity, and target gene expression and enhanced adipogenesis synergistically with ectopic STRA6.	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	29-33
23959802-7	2013	Remarkably, retinol-free apo-RBP4 triggered retinol efflux that reduced cellular retinoids, RARalpha activity, and target gene expression and enhanced adipogenesis synergistically with ectopic STRA6.	Vitamin A	12-19	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	92-100
23959802-7	2013	Remarkably, retinol-free apo-RBP4 triggered retinol efflux that reduced cellular retinoids, RARalpha activity, and target gene expression and enhanced adipogenesis synergistically with ectopic STRA6.	Vitamin A	12-19	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	193-198
23959802-7	2013	Remarkably, retinol-free apo-RBP4 triggered retinol efflux that reduced cellular retinoids, RARalpha activity, and target gene expression and enhanced adipogenesis synergistically with ectopic STRA6.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	29-33
23959802-7	2013	Remarkably, retinol-free apo-RBP4 triggered retinol efflux that reduced cellular retinoids, RARalpha activity, and target gene expression and enhanced adipogenesis synergistically with ectopic STRA6.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	92-100
23959802-7	2013	Remarkably, retinol-free apo-RBP4 triggered retinol efflux that reduced cellular retinoids, RARalpha activity, and target gene expression and enhanced adipogenesis synergistically with ectopic STRA6.	Vitamin A	44-51	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	193-198
23959802-9	2013	This novel cross talk identifies a retinol-dependent metabolic function of RBP4 that may have important implications for the treatment of obesity.	Vitamin A	35-42	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	75-79
23811822-3	2013	Plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) is the principal and specific carrier of vitamin A in the blood.	Vitamin A	78-87	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-30
23811822-3	2013	Plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) is the principal and specific carrier of vitamin A in the blood.	Vitamin A	78-87	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
23811822-4	2013	STRA6 is the membrane receptor for RBP that mediates cellular vitamin A uptake.	Vitamin A	62-71	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
23811822-4	2013	STRA6 is the membrane receptor for RBP that mediates cellular vitamin A uptake.	Vitamin A	62-71	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	35-38
23811822-7	2013	We show that a subset of retinoids strongly stimulates STRA6-mediated vitamin A release from holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	70-79	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	55-60
23811822-7	2013	We show that a subset of retinoids strongly stimulates STRA6-mediated vitamin A release from holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	70-79	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	98-101
23811822-8	2013	STRA6 also catalyzes the exchange of retinol in RBP with certain retinoids.	Vitamin A	37-44	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
23811822-8	2013	STRA6 also catalyzes the exchange of retinol in RBP with certain retinoids.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	48-51
25436722-3	2013	More recently, retinol derivatives were also shown to control the RAR activity, enlightening the interplay between vitamin A metabolism and RAR-mediated transcriptional control.	Vitamin A	15-22	RAB40B, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	140-143
23811822-10	2013	This study provides unique insights into the RBP receptor"s mechanism and reveals that the vitamin A transport machinery can be a target of retinoid-based drugs.	Vitamin A	91-100	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	45-48
25436722-3	2013	More recently, retinol derivatives were also shown to control the RAR activity, enlightening the interplay between vitamin A metabolism and RAR-mediated transcriptional control.	Vitamin A	115-124	RAB40B, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	66-69
23688744-2	2013	Vitamin A storage within the HSCs is achieved through the cooperative action of two proteins, cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) I and lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	128-135
23688744-2	2013	Vitamin A storage within the HSCs is achieved through the cooperative action of two proteins, cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) I and lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	0-9	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	140-172
23688744-2	2013	Vitamin A storage within the HSCs is achieved through the cooperative action of two proteins, cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) I and lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	0-9	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	174-178
23991366-1	2013	The vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) regulates gene transcription by activating the nuclear receptors RAR and PPARbeta/delta and their cognate lipid binding proteins CRABP-II, which delivers RA to RAR, and FABP5, which shuttles the hormone to PPARbeta/delta.	Vitamin A	4-13	Rab40B, member RAS oncogene family	Mus musculus	109-112
23991366-1	2013	The vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) regulates gene transcription by activating the nuclear receptors RAR and PPARbeta/delta and their cognate lipid binding proteins CRABP-II, which delivers RA to RAR, and FABP5, which shuttles the hormone to PPARbeta/delta.	Vitamin A	4-13	peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta	Mus musculus	117-125
23991366-1	2013	The vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) regulates gene transcription by activating the nuclear receptors RAR and PPARbeta/delta and their cognate lipid binding proteins CRABP-II, which delivers RA to RAR, and FABP5, which shuttles the hormone to PPARbeta/delta.	Vitamin A	4-13	cellular retinoic acid binding protein II	Mus musculus	173-181
23991366-1	2013	The vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) regulates gene transcription by activating the nuclear receptors RAR and PPARbeta/delta and their cognate lipid binding proteins CRABP-II, which delivers RA to RAR, and FABP5, which shuttles the hormone to PPARbeta/delta.	Vitamin A	4-13	Rab40B, member RAS oncogene family	Mus musculus	204-207
23677577-6	2013	HRs for retinol and carotenoids were attenuated somewhat after adjustment for CRP.	Vitamin A	8-15	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	78-81
23449393-1	2013	Stra6 is the retinoic acid (RA)-inducible gene encoding the cellular receptor for holo-retinol binding protein.	Vitamin A	87-94	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
23440512-2	2013	The pleiotropic effects of vitamin A are exerted mainly by one active metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), which regulates the expression of a battery of target genes through several families of nuclear receptors (RARs, RXRs, and PPARbeta/delta), polymorphic retinoic acid (RA) response elements, and multiple coregulators.	Vitamin A	27-36	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta	Homo sapiens	237-245
23664144-1	2013	Since its discovery, transthyretin (TTR) has been regarded as an important hepatically derived protein carrier of thyroid hormones and retinol in blood.	Vitamin A	135-142	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	21-34
23661510-0	2013	Vitamin A notches up CD11b hi DC development.	Vitamin A	0-9	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	21-26
23661510-2	2013	Although the capacity of vitamin A to condition intestinal CD103(+) DCs to imprint tissue-specific homing programs onto activated lymphocytes is well documented, it is unclear whether vitamin A also regulates DC populations in other tissues.	Vitamin A	25-34	integrin subunit alpha E	Homo sapiens	59-64
23661510-8	2013	By resolving that splenic ESAM(hi) CD11b(hi) DCs are preferentially responsive to regulation by vitamin A, these novel insights not only further support the notion that ESAM expression marks two distinct lineages of splenic CD11b(hi) DCs, but also provide an important extension to our understanding of how vitamin A influences the immune system.	Vitamin A	96-105	endothelial cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	26-30
23661510-8	2013	By resolving that splenic ESAM(hi) CD11b(hi) DCs are preferentially responsive to regulation by vitamin A, these novel insights not only further support the notion that ESAM expression marks two distinct lineages of splenic CD11b(hi) DCs, but also provide an important extension to our understanding of how vitamin A influences the immune system.	Vitamin A	96-105	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	35-40
23661510-8	2013	By resolving that splenic ESAM(hi) CD11b(hi) DCs are preferentially responsive to regulation by vitamin A, these novel insights not only further support the notion that ESAM expression marks two distinct lineages of splenic CD11b(hi) DCs, but also provide an important extension to our understanding of how vitamin A influences the immune system.	Vitamin A	96-105	endothelial cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	169-173
23661510-8	2013	By resolving that splenic ESAM(hi) CD11b(hi) DCs are preferentially responsive to regulation by vitamin A, these novel insights not only further support the notion that ESAM expression marks two distinct lineages of splenic CD11b(hi) DCs, but also provide an important extension to our understanding of how vitamin A influences the immune system.	Vitamin A	96-105	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	224-229
23661510-8	2013	By resolving that splenic ESAM(hi) CD11b(hi) DCs are preferentially responsive to regulation by vitamin A, these novel insights not only further support the notion that ESAM expression marks two distinct lineages of splenic CD11b(hi) DCs, but also provide an important extension to our understanding of how vitamin A influences the immune system.	Vitamin A	307-316	endothelial cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	169-173
22950813-2	2013	Previously, we have reported that a supplemental dose of VA combined with 10% of all-trans-retinoic acid (VARA) synergistically increases retinol uptake and retinyl ester (RE) storage in neonatal rat lung, while up-regulating several retinoid homeostatic genes including lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and the retinol-binding protein receptor, stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6).	Vitamin A	57-59	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	271-303
22950813-2	2013	Previously, we have reported that a supplemental dose of VA combined with 10% of all-trans-retinoic acid (VARA) synergistically increases retinol uptake and retinyl ester (RE) storage in neonatal rat lung, while up-regulating several retinoid homeostatic genes including lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and the retinol-binding protein receptor, stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6).	Vitamin A	57-59	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	305-309
22950813-2	2013	Previously, we have reported that a supplemental dose of VA combined with 10% of all-trans-retinoic acid (VARA) synergistically increases retinol uptake and retinyl ester (RE) storage in neonatal rat lung, while up-regulating several retinoid homeostatic genes including lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and the retinol-binding protein receptor, stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6).	Vitamin A	57-59	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Rattus norvegicus	384-389
23523922-1	2013	Transthyretin is the carrier protein of thyroxine and retinol in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid and has been described also as a neuroprotective molecule.	Vitamin A	54-61	transthyretin	Mus musculus	0-13
23333085-3	2013	This study was designed to test the hypothesis that GATA-4 gene methylation would lead to congenital heart defects in vitamin A-deficient offspring.	Vitamin A	118-127	GATA binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	52-58
23333085-9	2013	High methylation was present in the CpG loci of GATA-4 gene with a low expression of GATA-4 mRNA from vitamin A-deficient group embryos.	Vitamin A	102-111	GATA binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	48-54
23333085-9	2013	High methylation was present in the CpG loci of GATA-4 gene with a low expression of GATA-4 mRNA from vitamin A-deficient group embryos.	Vitamin A	102-111	GATA binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	85-91
23664144-1	2013	Since its discovery, transthyretin (TTR) has been regarded as an important hepatically derived protein carrier of thyroid hormones and retinol in blood.	Vitamin A	135-142	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	36-39
23603217-3	2013	Two other proteins of interest identified from this initial study included vitellogenin-1 (Vit-1), a lipid-transport protein tied to egg production, and transthyretin (TTR), a retinol binding transport protein currently used in the clinical management of ovarian cancer.	Vitamin A	176-183	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	153-166
23603217-3	2013	Two other proteins of interest identified from this initial study included vitellogenin-1 (Vit-1), a lipid-transport protein tied to egg production, and transthyretin (TTR), a retinol binding transport protein currently used in the clinical management of ovarian cancer.	Vitamin A	176-183	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	168-171
23558010-4	2013	Following a single dose of a selective pharmacological inhibitor of DGAT1, PF-04620110, a dose-dependent inhibition of TG and vitamin A absorption postprandially was demonstrated in rodents and human subjects.	Vitamin A	126-135	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	68-73
23696197-4	2013	It uses the mouse pluripotent P19 stem cell in a 96-well format, RT-qPCR gene-expression assay that does not require RNA purification to detect chemicals that interfere with retinol-induced Hoxa1 gene expression, a target of retinol signaling in mammals.	Vitamin A	174-181	homeobox A1	Mus musculus	190-195
23696197-4	2013	It uses the mouse pluripotent P19 stem cell in a 96-well format, RT-qPCR gene-expression assay that does not require RNA purification to detect chemicals that interfere with retinol-induced Hoxa1 gene expression, a target of retinol signaling in mammals.	Vitamin A	225-232	homeobox A1	Mus musculus	190-195
23696197-6	2013	Four chemicals known to disrupt the pathway in the rodent embryo (citral, disulfiram, and two rodent teratogens, nitrofen and bisdiamine) all significantly inhibited Hoxa1 upregulation by retinol.	Vitamin A	188-195	homeobox A1	Homo sapiens	166-171
23519987-3	2013	We observed that CD8(-) CD4(-) (double negative (DN)) and CD4(+) DCs, but not CD8(+) DCs, express vitamin A regulated genes.	Vitamin A	98-107	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	24-27
23519987-3	2013	We observed that CD8(-) CD4(-) (double negative (DN)) and CD4(+) DCs, but not CD8(+) DCs, express vitamin A regulated genes.	Vitamin A	98-107	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	58-61
23519987-5	2013	We detected a specific reduction of CD4(+) and DN DCs in the spleens of mice fed a vitamin A-deficient diet, while pre-DC numbers in both spleen and bone marrow were not affected.	Vitamin A	83-92	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	36-39
23519987-6	2013	Vitamin A was specifically necessary for the development of RelB(high) , Notch-dependent CD4(+) , and DN DCs.	Vitamin A	0-9	avian reticuloendotheliosis viral (v-rel) oncogene related B	Mus musculus	60-64
23519987-6	2013	Vitamin A was specifically necessary for the development of RelB(high) , Notch-dependent CD4(+) , and DN DCs.	Vitamin A	0-9	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	89-92
23930336-7	2013	Advanced gestational age and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP > or = 5 mg/dL) were negatively associated with retinol concentration (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	113-120	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	38-56
23930336-7	2013	Advanced gestational age and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP > or = 5 mg/dL) were negatively associated with retinol concentration (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	113-120	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	58-61
23734084-8	2013	In Rpe65-/- Rho-/- explants, administration of 11-cis retinal, 11-cis retinol or retinoic acid (RA) reversed the opsin trafficking phenotype.	Vitamin A	63-77	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	3-8
23676550-8	2013	Longitudinally those in the highest quartile of intake at 18-months were twice as likely to remain in the highest quartile at 31/2-years for retinol (OR 2.21 (95% CI 1.48-3.28)) and carotene (OR 1.66 (95% CI 1.11-2.50)) than to change quartiles.	Vitamin A	141-148	olfactory receptor family 11 subfamily H member 1	Homo sapiens	150-157
23991366-1	2013	The vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) regulates gene transcription by activating the nuclear receptors RAR and PPARbeta/delta and their cognate lipid binding proteins CRABP-II, which delivers RA to RAR, and FABP5, which shuttles the hormone to PPARbeta/delta.	Vitamin A	4-13	fatty acid binding protein 5, epidermal	Mus musculus	213-218
23991366-1	2013	The vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) regulates gene transcription by activating the nuclear receptors RAR and PPARbeta/delta and their cognate lipid binding proteins CRABP-II, which delivers RA to RAR, and FABP5, which shuttles the hormone to PPARbeta/delta.	Vitamin A	4-13	peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta	Mus musculus	250-258
23515144-2	2013	Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1), a gene encoding the enzyme involved in the first step of synthesizing vitamin A from dietary carotenoids, have been associated with circulating carotenoid concentrations and may serve as unconfounded surrogates for those biomarkers.	Vitamin A	158-167	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	42-78
23515144-2	2013	Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1), a gene encoding the enzyme involved in the first step of synthesizing vitamin A from dietary carotenoids, have been associated with circulating carotenoid concentrations and may serve as unconfounded surrogates for those biomarkers.	Vitamin A	158-167	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
23362116-1	2013	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (CrbpI), encoded by retinol-binding protein, type 1 (Rbp1), is a chaperone of vitamin A (retinol) that is epigenetically silenced in ~25% of human breast cancers.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
23362116-1	2013	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (CrbpI), encoded by retinol-binding protein, type 1 (Rbp1), is a chaperone of vitamin A (retinol) that is epigenetically silenced in ~25% of human breast cancers.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	61-92
23362116-1	2013	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (CrbpI), encoded by retinol-binding protein, type 1 (Rbp1), is a chaperone of vitamin A (retinol) that is epigenetically silenced in ~25% of human breast cancers.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	94-98
23362116-1	2013	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (CrbpI), encoded by retinol-binding protein, type 1 (Rbp1), is a chaperone of vitamin A (retinol) that is epigenetically silenced in ~25% of human breast cancers.	Vitamin A	119-128	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
23362116-1	2013	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (CrbpI), encoded by retinol-binding protein, type 1 (Rbp1), is a chaperone of vitamin A (retinol) that is epigenetically silenced in ~25% of human breast cancers.	Vitamin A	119-128	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	61-92
23362116-1	2013	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (CrbpI), encoded by retinol-binding protein, type 1 (Rbp1), is a chaperone of vitamin A (retinol) that is epigenetically silenced in ~25% of human breast cancers.	Vitamin A	119-128	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	94-98
23362116-1	2013	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (CrbpI), encoded by retinol-binding protein, type 1 (Rbp1), is a chaperone of vitamin A (retinol) that is epigenetically silenced in ~25% of human breast cancers.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
23362116-1	2013	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (CrbpI), encoded by retinol-binding protein, type 1 (Rbp1), is a chaperone of vitamin A (retinol) that is epigenetically silenced in ~25% of human breast cancers.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	94-98
23362116-2	2013	CrbpI delivers vitamin A to enzymes for metabolism into an active metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), where atRA is essential to cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration.	Vitamin A	15-24	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	0-5
23224267-1	2013	Retinol-binding protein 4 (Rbp4) is the major carrier of retinol in the bloodstream, a retinoid whose metabolites influence osteogenesis, chondrogenesis and adipogenesis.	Vitamin A	57-64	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-25
23224267-1	2013	Retinol-binding protein 4 (Rbp4) is the major carrier of retinol in the bloodstream, a retinoid whose metabolites influence osteogenesis, chondrogenesis and adipogenesis.	Vitamin A	57-64	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	27-31
23224267-2	2013	Rbp4 is mainly produced in the liver where it mobilizes hepatic retinol stores to supply other tissues.	Vitamin A	64-71	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-4
22902328-3	2013	Previously, we showed that vitamin A deficiency modifies clock BMAL1 and PER1 as well as BDNF and neurogranin daily rhythmicity in the rat hippocampus when animals are maintained under 12-h-light:12-h-dark conditions.	Vitamin A	27-36	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
23527815-3	2013	We delivered the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene specifically to activated hepatic stellate cells in fibrotic liver using vitamin A-coupled liposomes by retrograde intrabiliary infusion to bypass capillarized hepatic sinusoids.	Vitamin A	126-135	hepatocyte growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	17-41
23527815-3	2013	We delivered the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene specifically to activated hepatic stellate cells in fibrotic liver using vitamin A-coupled liposomes by retrograde intrabiliary infusion to bypass capillarized hepatic sinusoids.	Vitamin A	126-135	hepatocyte growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
23527815-4	2013	The antifibrotic effects of DsRed2-HGF vector encapsulated within vitamin A-coupled liposomes were validated by decreases in fibrotic markers in vitro.	Vitamin A	66-75	hepatocyte growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
23573912-0	2013	Interactions of beta-lactoglobulin variants A and B with Vitamin A.	Vitamin A	57-66	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	16-34
23573912-5	2013	The high affinity of beta-Lg for retinol and other retinoids was reported.	Vitamin A	33-40	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	21-28
23573912-9	2013	The obtained results indicate that carotenoids are bound by beta-Lg with high affinity of the order of 10(-8) M. Measurement of retinol competition with carotenoids for binding by beta-Lg suggests that the binding of these two ligands occurs at two different sites of beta-Lg.	Vitamin A	128-135	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	60-67
23573912-9	2013	The obtained results indicate that carotenoids are bound by beta-Lg with high affinity of the order of 10(-8) M. Measurement of retinol competition with carotenoids for binding by beta-Lg suggests that the binding of these two ligands occurs at two different sites of beta-Lg.	Vitamin A	128-135	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	180-187
23573912-9	2013	The obtained results indicate that carotenoids are bound by beta-Lg with high affinity of the order of 10(-8) M. Measurement of retinol competition with carotenoids for binding by beta-Lg suggests that the binding of these two ligands occurs at two different sites of beta-Lg.	Vitamin A	128-135	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	180-187
22902328-3	2013	Previously, we showed that vitamin A deficiency modifies clock BMAL1 and PER1 as well as BDNF and neurogranin daily rhythmicity in the rat hippocampus when animals are maintained under 12-h-light:12-h-dark conditions.	Vitamin A	27-36	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
22902328-11	2013	Similarly, the nutritional vitamin A deficiency phase shifted BMAL1 and abolished PER1 circadian expression at both mRNA and protein levels.	Vitamin A	27-36	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
23333461-12	2013	Trolox also inhibited p38 phosphorylation, indicating that retinol induced a redox-dependent activation of this MAPK.	Vitamin A	59-66	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	22-25
23761834-4	2013	Levels of VEGF were inversely correlated with the serum concentrations of albumin, prealbumin and retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	98-105	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	10-14
23333461-0	2013	Vitamin A (retinol) downregulates the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) by oxidant-dependent activation of p38 MAPK and NF-kB in human lung cancer A549 cells.	Vitamin A	0-9	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	83-87
23333461-0	2013	Vitamin A (retinol) downregulates the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) by oxidant-dependent activation of p38 MAPK and NF-kB in human lung cancer A549 cells.	Vitamin A	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	124-127
23333461-0	2013	Vitamin A (retinol) downregulates the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) by oxidant-dependent activation of p38 MAPK and NF-kB in human lung cancer A549 cells.	Vitamin A	11-18	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	83-87
23333461-0	2013	Vitamin A (retinol) downregulates the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) by oxidant-dependent activation of p38 MAPK and NF-kB in human lung cancer A549 cells.	Vitamin A	11-18	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	124-127
23333461-13	2013	Besides, we observed that NF-kB acted as a downstream effector of p38 in RAGE downregulation by retinol, as NF-kB inhibition by SN50 (100 mug/mL) and siRNA to p65 blocked the effect of retinol on RAGE, and p38 inhibitors reversed NF-kB activation.	Vitamin A	96-103	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	66-69
23333461-13	2013	Besides, we observed that NF-kB acted as a downstream effector of p38 in RAGE downregulation by retinol, as NF-kB inhibition by SN50 (100 mug/mL) and siRNA to p65 blocked the effect of retinol on RAGE, and p38 inhibitors reversed NF-kB activation.	Vitamin A	96-103	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	73-77
23333461-13	2013	Besides, we observed that NF-kB acted as a downstream effector of p38 in RAGE downregulation by retinol, as NF-kB inhibition by SN50 (100 mug/mL) and siRNA to p65 blocked the effect of retinol on RAGE, and p38 inhibitors reversed NF-kB activation.	Vitamin A	96-103	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	159-162
23333461-13	2013	Besides, we observed that NF-kB acted as a downstream effector of p38 in RAGE downregulation by retinol, as NF-kB inhibition by SN50 (100 mug/mL) and siRNA to p65 blocked the effect of retinol on RAGE, and p38 inhibitors reversed NF-kB activation.	Vitamin A	96-103	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	196-200
23333461-13	2013	Besides, we observed that NF-kB acted as a downstream effector of p38 in RAGE downregulation by retinol, as NF-kB inhibition by SN50 (100 mug/mL) and siRNA to p65 blocked the effect of retinol on RAGE, and p38 inhibitors reversed NF-kB activation.	Vitamin A	96-103	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	206-209
23333461-13	2013	Besides, we observed that NF-kB acted as a downstream effector of p38 in RAGE downregulation by retinol, as NF-kB inhibition by SN50 (100 mug/mL) and siRNA to p65 blocked the effect of retinol on RAGE, and p38 inhibitors reversed NF-kB activation.	Vitamin A	185-192	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	66-69
23333461-13	2013	Besides, we observed that NF-kB acted as a downstream effector of p38 in RAGE downregulation by retinol, as NF-kB inhibition by SN50 (100 mug/mL) and siRNA to p65 blocked the effect of retinol on RAGE, and p38 inhibitors reversed NF-kB activation.	Vitamin A	185-192	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	73-77
23333461-13	2013	Besides, we observed that NF-kB acted as a downstream effector of p38 in RAGE downregulation by retinol, as NF-kB inhibition by SN50 (100 mug/mL) and siRNA to p65 blocked the effect of retinol on RAGE, and p38 inhibitors reversed NF-kB activation.	Vitamin A	185-192	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	159-162
23333461-13	2013	Besides, we observed that NF-kB acted as a downstream effector of p38 in RAGE downregulation by retinol, as NF-kB inhibition by SN50 (100 mug/mL) and siRNA to p65 blocked the effect of retinol on RAGE, and p38 inhibitors reversed NF-kB activation.	Vitamin A	185-192	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	196-200
23333461-13	2013	Besides, we observed that NF-kB acted as a downstream effector of p38 in RAGE downregulation by retinol, as NF-kB inhibition by SN50 (100 mug/mL) and siRNA to p65 blocked the effect of retinol on RAGE, and p38 inhibitors reversed NF-kB activation.	Vitamin A	185-192	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	206-209
23333461-14	2013	Taken together, our results indicate a pro-oxidant effect of retinol on A549 cells, and suggest that modulation of RAGE expression by retinol is mediated by the redox-dependent activation of p38/NF-kB signaling pathway.	Vitamin A	134-141	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	115-119
23333461-14	2013	Taken together, our results indicate a pro-oxidant effect of retinol on A549 cells, and suggest that modulation of RAGE expression by retinol is mediated by the redox-dependent activation of p38/NF-kB signaling pathway.	Vitamin A	134-141	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	191-194
23350588-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Serum retinol binding protein (RBP4) is the binding protein for retinol, being delivered into the circulation through the carrier protein transthyretin (TTR) together with thyroxin (T4).	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
23350588-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Serum retinol binding protein (RBP4) is the binding protein for retinol, being delivered into the circulation through the carrier protein transthyretin (TTR) together with thyroxin (T4).	Vitamin A	18-25	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	150-163
23350588-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Serum retinol binding protein (RBP4) is the binding protein for retinol, being delivered into the circulation through the carrier protein transthyretin (TTR) together with thyroxin (T4).	Vitamin A	18-25	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	165-168
23086657-4	2013	Our results showed that retinol suppressed the expression of various inflammatory cytokines in bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated with ligands of TLR2, TLR3, or TLR4.	Vitamin A	24-31	toll like receptor 3	Homo sapiens	160-164
23086657-0	2013	Retinol suppresses the activation of Toll-like receptors in MyD88- and STAT1-independent manners.	Vitamin A	0-7	MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Homo sapiens	60-65
23086657-4	2013	Our results showed that retinol suppressed the expression of various inflammatory cytokines in bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated with ligands of TLR2, TLR3, or TLR4.	Vitamin A	24-31	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	169-173
23086657-0	2013	Retinol suppresses the activation of Toll-like receptors in MyD88- and STAT1-independent manners.	Vitamin A	0-7	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
23086657-6	2013	Inhibitory effect of retinol on lipopolysaccharide-induced target gene expression was still observed in myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88)- or signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-deficient macrophages, indicating that MyD88 and STAT1 are dispensable for retinol-mediated blockade of TLRs.	Vitamin A	21-28	MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Homo sapiens	157-162
23086657-4	2013	Our results showed that retinol suppressed the expression of various inflammatory cytokines in bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated with ligands of TLR2, TLR3, or TLR4.	Vitamin A	24-31	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	154-158
23086657-6	2013	Inhibitory effect of retinol on lipopolysaccharide-induced target gene expression was still observed in myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88)- or signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-deficient macrophages, indicating that MyD88 and STAT1 are dispensable for retinol-mediated blockade of TLRs.	Vitamin A	21-28	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	168-218
23086657-6	2013	Inhibitory effect of retinol on lipopolysaccharide-induced target gene expression was still observed in myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88)- or signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-deficient macrophages, indicating that MyD88 and STAT1 are dispensable for retinol-mediated blockade of TLRs.	Vitamin A	21-28	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	220-225
23086657-6	2013	Inhibitory effect of retinol on lipopolysaccharide-induced target gene expression was still observed in myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88)- or signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-deficient macrophages, indicating that MyD88 and STAT1 are dispensable for retinol-mediated blockade of TLRs.	Vitamin A	21-28	MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Homo sapiens	266-271
23086657-6	2013	Inhibitory effect of retinol on lipopolysaccharide-induced target gene expression was still observed in myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88)- or signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)-deficient macrophages, indicating that MyD88 and STAT1 are dispensable for retinol-mediated blockade of TLRs.	Vitamin A	21-28	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Homo sapiens	276-281
23427331-4	2013	The involvement of SR-BI and CD36 in carotenoids and retinol cellular uptake was investigated in Caco-2 and human embryonic kidney (HEK) cell lines.	Vitamin A	53-60	scavenger receptor class B member 1	Homo sapiens	19-24
23393141-2	2013	beta-Carotene is converted to vitamin A in the intestine by the enzyme beta-carotene-15,15"-monoxygenase (BCMO1) to support vision, reproduction, immune function, and cell differentiation.	Vitamin A	30-39	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	106-111
23436065-9	2013	The combination of vitamin A and vitamin D markedly enhanced the expression of Bax and reduced the expression of Cyclin D1 by real time-PCR and western blot assay.	Vitamin A	19-28	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	79-82
23436065-9	2013	The combination of vitamin A and vitamin D markedly enhanced the expression of Bax and reduced the expression of Cyclin D1 by real time-PCR and western blot assay.	Vitamin A	19-28	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	113-122
23590952-2	2013	Prenatal administration of vitamin A tends to increase the pulmonary and plasma levels of VEGF in the developing mouse.	Vitamin A	27-36	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	90-94
23333461-5	2013	Here, we evaluated the effect of retinol on the regulation of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) in the human lung cancer cell line A549.	Vitamin A	33-40	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	66-110
23333461-5	2013	Here, we evaluated the effect of retinol on the regulation of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) in the human lung cancer cell line A549.	Vitamin A	33-40	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	112-116
23333461-8	2013	Retinol at 10 and 20 muM increased free radical production, oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activity in A549 cells.	Vitamin A	0-7	latexin	Homo sapiens	21-24
23333461-10	2013	Antioxidant co-treatment with Trolox , a hydrophilic analog of alpha-tocopherol, reversed the effects of retinol on oxidative parameters and RAGE downregulation.	Vitamin A	105-112	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	141-145
23376484-5	2013	An interaction network determined by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed a link between glutaminase and calcium, Akt and retinol signaling, cytoskeletal elements, ATPases, ion channels, protein synthesis and the proteasome system, intermediary, nucleic acid and lipid metabolism, huntingtin, guidance cues, transforming growth factor beta-1 and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha.	Vitamin A	121-128	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	113-116
23333461-11	2013	The effect of retinol on RAGE was mediated by p38 MAPK activation, as blockade of p38 with PD169316 (10 muM), SB203580 (10 muM) or siRNA to either p38alpha (MAPK14) or p38beta (MAPK11) reversed the effect of retinol on RAGE.	Vitamin A	14-21	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	25-29
23333461-11	2013	The effect of retinol on RAGE was mediated by p38 MAPK activation, as blockade of p38 with PD169316 (10 muM), SB203580 (10 muM) or siRNA to either p38alpha (MAPK14) or p38beta (MAPK11) reversed the effect of retinol on RAGE.	Vitamin A	14-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	46-49
23333461-11	2013	The effect of retinol on RAGE was mediated by p38 MAPK activation, as blockade of p38 with PD169316 (10 muM), SB203580 (10 muM) or siRNA to either p38alpha (MAPK14) or p38beta (MAPK11) reversed the effect of retinol on RAGE.	Vitamin A	14-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	82-85
23333461-11	2013	The effect of retinol on RAGE was mediated by p38 MAPK activation, as blockade of p38 with PD169316 (10 muM), SB203580 (10 muM) or siRNA to either p38alpha (MAPK14) or p38beta (MAPK11) reversed the effect of retinol on RAGE.	Vitamin A	14-21	latexin	Homo sapiens	104-107
23333461-11	2013	The effect of retinol on RAGE was mediated by p38 MAPK activation, as blockade of p38 with PD169316 (10 muM), SB203580 (10 muM) or siRNA to either p38alpha (MAPK14) or p38beta (MAPK11) reversed the effect of retinol on RAGE.	Vitamin A	14-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	147-155
23333461-11	2013	The effect of retinol on RAGE was mediated by p38 MAPK activation, as blockade of p38 with PD169316 (10 muM), SB203580 (10 muM) or siRNA to either p38alpha (MAPK14) or p38beta (MAPK11) reversed the effect of retinol on RAGE.	Vitamin A	14-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	157-163
23333461-11	2013	The effect of retinol on RAGE was mediated by p38 MAPK activation, as blockade of p38 with PD169316 (10 muM), SB203580 (10 muM) or siRNA to either p38alpha (MAPK14) or p38beta (MAPK11) reversed the effect of retinol on RAGE.	Vitamin A	14-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 11	Homo sapiens	168-175
23333461-11	2013	The effect of retinol on RAGE was mediated by p38 MAPK activation, as blockade of p38 with PD169316 (10 muM), SB203580 (10 muM) or siRNA to either p38alpha (MAPK14) or p38beta (MAPK11) reversed the effect of retinol on RAGE.	Vitamin A	14-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 11	Homo sapiens	177-183
23333461-11	2013	The effect of retinol on RAGE was mediated by p38 MAPK activation, as blockade of p38 with PD169316 (10 muM), SB203580 (10 muM) or siRNA to either p38alpha (MAPK14) or p38beta (MAPK11) reversed the effect of retinol on RAGE.	Vitamin A	14-21	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	219-223
23333461-11	2013	The effect of retinol on RAGE was mediated by p38 MAPK activation, as blockade of p38 with PD169316 (10 muM), SB203580 (10 muM) or siRNA to either p38alpha (MAPK14) or p38beta (MAPK11) reversed the effect of retinol on RAGE.	Vitamin A	208-215	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	25-29
23333461-11	2013	The effect of retinol on RAGE was mediated by p38 MAPK activation, as blockade of p38 with PD169316 (10 muM), SB203580 (10 muM) or siRNA to either p38alpha (MAPK14) or p38beta (MAPK11) reversed the effect of retinol on RAGE.	Vitamin A	208-215	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	46-49
23337719-11	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Simvastatin interacts with the RA system, inducing the expression of the key protein regulating the uptake of retinol (STRA6) and the expression of apoptosis-promoting CRABP2.	Vitamin A	123-130	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	132-137
23352986-1	2013	All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is the active form of vitamin A, known to activate retinoid receptors, especially the heterodimer retinoid X receptor (RXR):retinoic acid receptor (RAR) that otherwise may play a role in regulation of some drug transporters.	Vitamin A	53-62	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	129-148
23352986-1	2013	All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is the active form of vitamin A, known to activate retinoid receptors, especially the heterodimer retinoid X receptor (RXR):retinoic acid receptor (RAR) that otherwise may play a role in regulation of some drug transporters.	Vitamin A	53-62	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	150-153
23352986-1	2013	All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is the active form of vitamin A, known to activate retinoid receptors, especially the heterodimer retinoid X receptor (RXR):retinoic acid receptor (RAR) that otherwise may play a role in regulation of some drug transporters.	Vitamin A	53-62	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	179-182
24648918-4	2013	Levels of VEGF were inversely correlated with serum concentrations of prealbumin, transferrin and retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	98-105	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	10-14
23808167-6	2013	Significant decreases in the mRNA levels of genes encoding enzymes that catalyze the reversible oxidation/reduction of retinol and retinaldehyde (ADH4, ADH1B, ADH1C, RDHL, AKR1B10, AKR1B1, and RDH12), as well as the oxidation of retinaldehyde (RALDH1) were revealed in most of the tumor samples.	Vitamin A	119-126	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	146-150
23023528-2	2013	Fenretinide, an orally available drug that reduces retinol delivery to the eye through antagonism of serum retinol-binding protein (RBP), was used in a 2-year trial to determine whether retinol reduction would be effective in the management of geographic atrophy.	Vitamin A	107-114	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	132-135
23023528-4	2013	RESULTS: Fenretinide treatment produced dose-dependent reversible reductions in serum RBP-retinol that were associated with trends in reduced lesion growth rates.	Vitamin A	90-97	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	86-89
23023528-5	2013	Patients in the 300 mg group who achieved serum retinol levels of <= 1 muM (<= 2 mg/dL RBP) showed a mean reduction of 0.33 mm in the yearly lesion growth rate compared with subjects in the placebo group (1.70 mm/year vs. 2.03 mm/year, respectively, P = 0.1848).	Vitamin A	48-55	latexin	Homo sapiens	74-77
23023528-5	2013	Patients in the 300 mg group who achieved serum retinol levels of <= 1 muM (<= 2 mg/dL RBP) showed a mean reduction of 0.33 mm in the yearly lesion growth rate compared with subjects in the placebo group (1.70 mm/year vs. 2.03 mm/year, respectively, P = 0.1848).	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	93-96
22640991-8	2013	Higher concentrations of vitamin A were slightly associated with reduced risks of higher levels of IL-1 and IL-12 (OR 0 97, 95% CI 0 95, 0 99, P= 0 03; OR 0 97, 95% CI 0 94, 0 99, P= 0 03, respectively); when adjusting for BMI, this association was lost.	Vitamin A	25-34	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	99-103
23337719-2	2013	Increased cellular uptake of retinol and altered actions of RA related to reduced expression of CRABP2 may contribute to the development of endometriosis.	Vitamin A	29-36	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	96-102
23000319-1	2013	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma protein transporter of thyroxine (T(4)) and retinol and also has peptidase activity.	Vitamin A	76-83	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
23000319-1	2013	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma protein transporter of thyroxine (T(4)) and retinol and also has peptidase activity.	Vitamin A	76-83	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
23014334-9	2013	IFNgamma was also the lowest and IL13 highest in mice fed high vitamin A.	Vitamin A	63-72	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	0-8
23014334-9	2013	IFNgamma was also the lowest and IL13 highest in mice fed high vitamin A.	Vitamin A	63-72	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	33-37
23220004-3	2013	The enzymes of retinol oxidation are NAD-dependent dehydrogenases of the cytosolic medium-chain (MDR) and the membrane-bound short-chain (SDR) dehydrogenases/reductases.	Vitamin A	15-22	caveolae associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	138-141
23220004-7	2013	The relative contribution of each enzyme type in retinoid metabolism is discussed in terms of the different subcellular localization, topology of membrane-bound enzymes, kinetic constants, binding affinity of CRBP for retinol and retinaldehyde, and partition of retinoid pools between membranes and cytoplasm.	Vitamin A	218-225	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	209-213
23220587-5	2013	This study addresses the molecular basis of retinal recognition in human ALDH1A1 (or RALDH1) and rat ALDH1A2 (or RALDH2), through the comparison of the catalytic behavior of retinal analogs and use of the fluorescence properties of retinol.	Vitamin A	232-239	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	73-80
23220587-5	2013	This study addresses the molecular basis of retinal recognition in human ALDH1A1 (or RALDH1) and rat ALDH1A2 (or RALDH2), through the comparison of the catalytic behavior of retinal analogs and use of the fluorescence properties of retinol.	Vitamin A	232-239	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2	Rattus norvegicus	101-108
23220587-7	2013	Use of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer upon retinol interaction with RALDHs provides evidence that retinal recognition occurs in two steps: binding into the substrate access channel, and a slower structural reorganization with a rate constant of the same magnitude as the kcat for retinal oxidation: 0.18 vs. 0.07 and 0.25 vs. 0.1 s(-1) for ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A2, respectively.	Vitamin A	55-62	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	352-359
23220587-7	2013	Use of the fluorescence resonance energy transfer upon retinol interaction with RALDHs provides evidence that retinal recognition occurs in two steps: binding into the substrate access channel, and a slower structural reorganization with a rate constant of the same magnitude as the kcat for retinal oxidation: 0.18 vs. 0.07 and 0.25 vs. 0.1 s(-1) for ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A2, respectively.	Vitamin A	55-62	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2	Homo sapiens	364-371
23266639-3	2013	Among these are several well-characterized transporters, including ABCA1, which is involved in cellular cholesterol transport and HDL formation, and ABCA4, which is a transporter for vitamin A derivatives in photoreceptor cells.	Vitamin A	183-192	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
23266639-3	2013	Among these are several well-characterized transporters, including ABCA1, which is involved in cellular cholesterol transport and HDL formation, and ABCA4, which is a transporter for vitamin A derivatives in photoreceptor cells.	Vitamin A	183-192	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	149-154
23442248-6	2013	Vitamin A status and current infection was assessed by an ELISA measuring retinol-binding protein (RBP) and C-reactive protein (CRP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-97
23407971-2	2013	RPE65, which catalyzes isomerization of all-trans retinyl fatty acid esters to 11-cis-retinol (11cROL) in the visual cycle, controls the rhodopsin regeneration rate and photoreceptor susceptibility to light-induced degeneration.	Vitamin A	79-93	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	0-5
23407971-2	2013	RPE65, which catalyzes isomerization of all-trans retinyl fatty acid esters to 11-cis-retinol (11cROL) in the visual cycle, controls the rhodopsin regeneration rate and photoreceptor susceptibility to light-induced degeneration.	Vitamin A	79-93	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	137-146
23407971-2	2013	RPE65, which catalyzes isomerization of all-trans retinyl fatty acid esters to 11-cis-retinol (11cROL) in the visual cycle, controls the rhodopsin regeneration rate and photoreceptor susceptibility to light-induced degeneration.	Vitamin A	95-101	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	0-5
23407971-2	2013	RPE65, which catalyzes isomerization of all-trans retinyl fatty acid esters to 11-cis-retinol (11cROL) in the visual cycle, controls the rhodopsin regeneration rate and photoreceptor susceptibility to light-induced degeneration.	Vitamin A	95-101	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	137-146
23407971-7	2013	We further found that competition of FATP4 with RPE65 for the substrate of RPE65 was also involved in the mechanisms by which FATP4 inhibits synthesis of 11cROL.	Vitamin A	154-160	solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	37-42
23407971-7	2013	We further found that competition of FATP4 with RPE65 for the substrate of RPE65 was also involved in the mechanisms by which FATP4 inhibits synthesis of 11cROL.	Vitamin A	154-160	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	48-53
23407971-7	2013	We further found that competition of FATP4 with RPE65 for the substrate of RPE65 was also involved in the mechanisms by which FATP4 inhibits synthesis of 11cROL.	Vitamin A	154-160	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	75-80
23407971-7	2013	We further found that competition of FATP4 with RPE65 for the substrate of RPE65 was also involved in the mechanisms by which FATP4 inhibits synthesis of 11cROL.	Vitamin A	154-160	solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	126-131
22733143-2	2013	Previous studies showed that retinoic acid (RA) as the vitamin A metabolite is crucial for controlling Stra8 (Stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8) expression in the gonad and to initiate meiosis; however, the mechanism by which retinoid-signaling acts has remained unclear.	Vitamin A	55-64	stimulated by retinoic acid 8	Gallus gallus	103-108
22733143-2	2013	Previous studies showed that retinoic acid (RA) as the vitamin A metabolite is crucial for controlling Stra8 (Stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8) expression in the gonad and to initiate meiosis; however, the mechanism by which retinoid-signaling acts has remained unclear.	Vitamin A	55-64	stimulated by retinoic acid 8	Gallus gallus	110-144
23105095-1	2013	Vitamin A (retinol) is absorbed in the small intestine, stored in liver, and secreted into circulation bound to serum retinol-binding protein (RBP4).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	143-147
23052023-0	2013	Validation of the effects of molecular marker polymorphisms in LcyE and CrtRB1 on provitamin A concentrations for 26 tropical maize populations.	Vitamin A	82-94	Lycopene epsilon cyclase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	63-67
23052023-0	2013	Validation of the effects of molecular marker polymorphisms in LcyE and CrtRB1 on provitamin A concentrations for 26 tropical maize populations.	Vitamin A	82-94	beta-carotene hydroxylase	Zea mays	72-78
23105095-1	2013	Vitamin A (retinol) is absorbed in the small intestine, stored in liver, and secreted into circulation bound to serum retinol-binding protein (RBP4).	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	143-147
23267101-2	2013	Genetic studies have revealed that oxidation of vitamin A to retinal by retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) is critical for embryonic RA biosynthesis.	Vitamin A	48-57	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	72-96
23267101-2	2013	Genetic studies have revealed that oxidation of vitamin A to retinal by retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) is critical for embryonic RA biosynthesis.	Vitamin A	48-57	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	98-103
23267101-5	2013	A deficiency of RDH10 in both Sertoli and germ cells in juvenile mice results in a blockage of spermatogonial differentiation, similar to that seen in vitamin A-deficient animals.	Vitamin A	151-160	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	16-21
23211825-2	2013	Pharmacologic inhibition of the retinol-induced interaction of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with transthyretin (TTR) in the serum may decrease the uptake of serum retinol to the retina and reduce formation of lipofuscin bisretinoids.	Vitamin A	32-39	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	63-88
23211825-2	2013	Pharmacologic inhibition of the retinol-induced interaction of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with transthyretin (TTR) in the serum may decrease the uptake of serum retinol to the retina and reduce formation of lipofuscin bisretinoids.	Vitamin A	32-39	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	90-94
23211825-2	2013	Pharmacologic inhibition of the retinol-induced interaction of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with transthyretin (TTR) in the serum may decrease the uptake of serum retinol to the retina and reduce formation of lipofuscin bisretinoids.	Vitamin A	32-39	transthyretin	Mus musculus	101-114
23211825-2	2013	Pharmacologic inhibition of the retinol-induced interaction of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with transthyretin (TTR) in the serum may decrease the uptake of serum retinol to the retina and reduce formation of lipofuscin bisretinoids.	Vitamin A	32-39	transthyretin	Mus musculus	116-119
23211825-2	2013	Pharmacologic inhibition of the retinol-induced interaction of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with transthyretin (TTR) in the serum may decrease the uptake of serum retinol to the retina and reduce formation of lipofuscin bisretinoids.	Vitamin A	63-70	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	90-94
23211825-2	2013	Pharmacologic inhibition of the retinol-induced interaction of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with transthyretin (TTR) in the serum may decrease the uptake of serum retinol to the retina and reduce formation of lipofuscin bisretinoids.	Vitamin A	63-70	transthyretin	Mus musculus	101-114
23211825-2	2013	Pharmacologic inhibition of the retinol-induced interaction of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with transthyretin (TTR) in the serum may decrease the uptake of serum retinol to the retina and reduce formation of lipofuscin bisretinoids.	Vitamin A	63-70	transthyretin	Mus musculus	116-119
23155051-1	2013	Rdh10 catalyzes the first step of all-trans-retinoic acid biogenesis physiologically, conversion of retinol into retinal.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	0-5
23155051-5	2013	Rdh10 behaves similarly to cellular retinol-binding protein, type 1, which also localizes to mitochondria/MAM before lipid droplet synthesis, and associates with lipid droplets during acyl ester synthesis (Jiang, W., and Napoli, J. L. (2012) Biochem.	Vitamin A	36-43	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	0-5
23155051-5	2013	Rdh10 behaves similarly to cellular retinol-binding protein, type 1, which also localizes to mitochondria/MAM before lipid droplet synthesis, and associates with lipid droplets during acyl ester synthesis (Jiang, W., and Napoli, J. L. (2012) Biochem.	Vitamin A	36-43	sarcoglycan gamma	Homo sapiens	106-109
23155051-9	2013	Colocalization of Rdh10, Crbp1, and LRAT on lipid droplets suggests a metabolon that mediates retinol homeostasis.	Vitamin A	94-101	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	18-23
23155051-9	2013	Colocalization of Rdh10, Crbp1, and LRAT on lipid droplets suggests a metabolon that mediates retinol homeostasis.	Vitamin A	94-101	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
23155051-9	2013	Colocalization of Rdh10, Crbp1, and LRAT on lipid droplets suggests a metabolon that mediates retinol homeostasis.	Vitamin A	94-101	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	36-40
22878527-9	2013	We speculate that in suture mesenchymal cells, endogenous RBP4 receives retinol from STRA6 and the RBP4-retinol complex is stored in vesicles until needed for conversion to retinoic acid in the process of osteogenesis.	Vitamin A	72-79	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	58-62
23190287-7	2013	Evidence from animal models indicates that all the examined fat-soluble vitamins could have potential as modulators of disease activity in MS. For vitamin A and E, level 4 and 5 evidence exists for a modulatory effect in MS; for vitamin K, too few studies have been conducted to indicate an effect in humans.	Vitamin A	147-156	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
23148279-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with 25,000 IU/d vitamin A induced a mild elevation in serum lipids, CRP and liver enzymes in obese and non-obese women.	Vitamin A	40-49	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	92-95
24564241-8	2013	It was found that Vitamin A, retinoid acid and a few other immune response agents modulated by RARA and LCK genes may be potential treatments for both schizophrenia and hepatocellular carcinoma.	Vitamin A	18-27	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	95-99
24564241-8	2013	It was found that Vitamin A, retinoid acid and a few other immune response agents modulated by RARA and LCK genes may be potential treatments for both schizophrenia and hepatocellular carcinoma.	Vitamin A	18-27	LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	104-107
23365730-3	2013	We established two main groups: the control, consisting of foetuses obtained from pregnant females without any manipulation, and vitamin A, composed of foetuses from pregnant females submitted to vitamin A administration on developmental day E14.	Vitamin A	196-205	skull morphology 21	Mus musculus	242-245
22878527-9	2013	We speculate that in suture mesenchymal cells, endogenous RBP4 receives retinol from STRA6 and the RBP4-retinol complex is stored in vesicles until needed for conversion to retinoic acid in the process of osteogenesis.	Vitamin A	104-111	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	99-103
22878527-10	2013	This study extends the role of RBP4 beyond that of a serum transporter of retinol and implicates a broader role in osteogenesis.	Vitamin A	74-81	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
23236537-1	2013	ALDH1A1 metabolizes a variety of endogenous and exogenous aldehyde, and also oxidizes retinol to synthesize retinoic acid and modulate cell differentiation.	Vitamin A	86-93	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	0-7
23936766-7	2013	Retinol was inversely associated with SHBG (beta = -0.22 (95% CI: -0.28, -0.16)).	Vitamin A	0-7	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	38-42
23936766-0	2013	Serum Retinol and Carotenoids in Association with Biomarkers of Insulin Resistance among Premenopausal Women.	Vitamin A	6-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
23936766-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate how serum retinol and carotenoids (beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene) are associated with biomarkers of insulin resistance.	Vitamin A	62-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	185-192
23936766-6	2013	RESULTS: Retinol was positively associated with HOMA-IR (beta = 0.19 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.32)) units per ug/mL increase in retinol; the relationship was driven by insulin (beta = 0.20 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.31)).	Vitamin A	9-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	159-166
24024773-3	2013	However, there is not a well-identified report of direct effect of vitamin A on Th1/Th2 balance in obesity.	Vitamin A	67-76	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	80-83
24024773-4	2013	The present study aimed to investigate the possible role of vitamin A on serum Th1/Th2 response in obese women.	Vitamin A	60-69	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	79-82
24024773-9	2013	RESULTS: Vitamin A treatment significantly reduced serum concentrations of IL-1beta in obese vitamin A-treated subjects (from 3.58 +- 0.36 to 2.45 +- 0.23 pg/ml, p < 0.006).	Vitamin A	9-18	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	75-83
24024773-9	2013	RESULTS: Vitamin A treatment significantly reduced serum concentrations of IL-1beta in obese vitamin A-treated subjects (from 3.58 +- 0.36 to 2.45 +- 0.23 pg/ml, p < 0.006).	Vitamin A	93-102	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	75-83
24024773-10	2013	Serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-13 were also reduced in obese and nonobese vitamin A-treated subjects (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	79-88	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
24024773-10	2013	Serum concentrations of IL-4 and IL-13 were also reduced in obese and nonobese vitamin A-treated subjects (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	79-88	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	33-38
24024773-11	2013	A significant reduction in IL-1beta/IL-4 ratio in the obese vitamin A-treated group was also observed (p = 0.03).	Vitamin A	60-69	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	27-35
24024773-11	2013	A significant reduction in IL-1beta/IL-4 ratio in the obese vitamin A-treated group was also observed (p = 0.03).	Vitamin A	60-69	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
24024773-12	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Decline in serum concentrations of IL-1beta and IL-1beta/IL-4 ratio in obese women suggests that vitamin A is capable of regulating the immune system and possibly reducing the risk of autoimmune disease in this group.	Vitamin A	110-119	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	48-56
24024773-12	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Decline in serum concentrations of IL-1beta and IL-1beta/IL-4 ratio in obese women suggests that vitamin A is capable of regulating the immune system and possibly reducing the risk of autoimmune disease in this group.	Vitamin A	110-119	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	61-69
24024773-12	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Decline in serum concentrations of IL-1beta and IL-1beta/IL-4 ratio in obese women suggests that vitamin A is capable of regulating the immune system and possibly reducing the risk of autoimmune disease in this group.	Vitamin A	110-119	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	70-74
23383201-1	2013	Cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 (CRABP2), a member of a family of specific carrier proteins for Vitamin A, belongs to a family of small cytosolic lipid binding proteins.	Vitamin A	105-114	cellular retinoic acid binding protein II	Mus musculus	0-40
23383201-1	2013	Cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2 (CRABP2), a member of a family of specific carrier proteins for Vitamin A, belongs to a family of small cytosolic lipid binding proteins.	Vitamin A	105-114	cellular retinoic acid binding protein II	Mus musculus	42-48
23400919-9	2013	CYP2E1 also degrades retinoic acid and retinol to polar metabolites.	Vitamin A	39-46	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
23270597-4	2012	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma transport protein for thyroid hormone and forms a complex with retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	95-102	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
23270597-4	2012	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma transport protein for thyroid hormone and forms a complex with retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	95-102	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
22930583-6	2012	In the case of RALDH2, in vivo reduction of vitamin A levels in rats resulted in an increase in astrocyte RALDH2 expression in the hippocampus.	Vitamin A	44-53	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2	Rattus norvegicus	15-21
22930583-6	2012	In the case of RALDH2, in vivo reduction of vitamin A levels in rats resulted in an increase in astrocyte RALDH2 expression in the hippocampus.	Vitamin A	44-53	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2	Rattus norvegicus	106-112
23407361-0	2013	Real-time analyses of retinol transport by the membrane receptor of plasma retinol binding protein.	Vitamin A	22-29	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	68-98
23407361-2	2013	Plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) is the principle and specific carrier of vitamin A in the blood.	Vitamin A	78-87	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-30
23407361-2	2013	Plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) is the principle and specific carrier of vitamin A in the blood.	Vitamin A	78-87	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
23407361-3	2013	Here we describe an optimized technique to produce and purify holo-RBP and two real-time monitoring techniques to study the transport of vitamin A by the high-affinity RBP receptor STRA6.	Vitamin A	137-146	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	168-171
23407361-3	2013	Here we describe an optimized technique to produce and purify holo-RBP and two real-time monitoring techniques to study the transport of vitamin A by the high-affinity RBP receptor STRA6.	Vitamin A	137-146	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	181-186
23407361-4	2013	The first technique makes it possible to produce a large quantity of high quality holo-RBP (100%-loaded with retinol) for vitamin A transport assays.	Vitamin A	109-116	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	87-90
23407361-4	2013	The first technique makes it possible to produce a large quantity of high quality holo-RBP (100%-loaded with retinol) for vitamin A transport assays.	Vitamin A	122-131	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	87-90
23407361-5	2013	High quality RBP is essential for functional assays because misfolded RBP releases vitamin A readily and bacterial contamination in RBP preparation can cause artifacts.	Vitamin A	83-92	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	13-16
23407361-5	2013	High quality RBP is essential for functional assays because misfolded RBP releases vitamin A readily and bacterial contamination in RBP preparation can cause artifacts.	Vitamin A	83-92	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	70-73
23407361-5	2013	High quality RBP is essential for functional assays because misfolded RBP releases vitamin A readily and bacterial contamination in RBP preparation can cause artifacts.	Vitamin A	83-92	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	70-73
23407361-7	2013	The RBP receptor-mediated retinol transport has not been analyzed in real time until recently.	Vitamin A	26-33	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	4-7
23407361-8	2013	The second technique described here is the real-time analysis of STRA6-catalyzed retinol release or loading.	Vitamin A	81-88	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	65-70
23407361-9	2013	The third technique is real-time analysis of STRA6-catalyzed retinol transport from holo-RBP to cellular retinol binding protein I (CRBP-I).	Vitamin A	61-68	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	45-50
23407361-9	2013	The third technique is real-time analysis of STRA6-catalyzed retinol transport from holo-RBP to cellular retinol binding protein I (CRBP-I).	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	89-92
23407361-9	2013	The third technique is real-time analysis of STRA6-catalyzed retinol transport from holo-RBP to cellular retinol binding protein I (CRBP-I).	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	96-130
23407361-9	2013	The third technique is real-time analysis of STRA6-catalyzed retinol transport from holo-RBP to cellular retinol binding protein I (CRBP-I).	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	132-138
23407361-10	2013	These techniques provide high sensitivity and resolution in revealing RBP receptor"s vitamin A uptake mechanism.	Vitamin A	85-94	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	70-73
23321337-0	2013	Association between vitamin A, vitamin E and apolipoprotein E status with mild cognitive impairment among elderly people in low-cost residential areas.	Vitamin A	20-29	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	45-61
23321337-2	2013	OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was (i) to determine the prevalence of MCI and its associated risk factors and (2) to investigate the influence of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele on peripheral vitamin A and E concentration in MCI and non-MCI groups.	Vitamin A	214-223	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	160-176
23971191-6	2013	At the end of the research, it was observed that TNF-alpha and NO increased significantly (P < 0.05) in vitamin A and methylprednisolone groups whereas SAA decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in all groups.	Vitamin A	107-116	lipopolysaccharide induced TNF factor	Gallus gallus	49-58
23971191-7	2013	It was also observed that IL-6 increased (P < 0.05) in vitamin A group and decreased in all other gorups however, IL-1beta decreased in vitamin A and methylprednisolone groups, while it was increased in the control group.	Vitamin A	58-67	interleukin 6	Gallus gallus	26-30
23971191-7	2013	It was also observed that IL-6 increased (P < 0.05) in vitamin A group and decreased in all other gorups however, IL-1beta decreased in vitamin A and methylprednisolone groups, while it was increased in the control group.	Vitamin A	139-148	interleukin 1, beta	Gallus gallus	117-125
23102846-8	2013	Among the genes involved in metabolic pathways, a higher number of PGC upregulated genes were identified in retinol metabolism, and a higher number of PGC downregulated genes were identified in sphingolipid metabolism.	Vitamin A	108-115	progastricsin	Gallus gallus	67-70
23217322-4	2012	Therefore, for the first time, the hyphenated ACE with a high-sensitivity cell was developed and employed to investigate the binding of retinol and retinoic acid in nanomolars with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) under physiological conditions.	Vitamin A	136-143	albumin	Homo sapiens	187-200
23217322-4	2012	Therefore, for the first time, the hyphenated ACE with a high-sensitivity cell was developed and employed to investigate the binding of retinol and retinoic acid in nanomolars with human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) under physiological conditions.	Vitamin A	136-143	albumin	Homo sapiens	218-231
23134893-0	2012	beta-Carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase 1 single nucleotide polymorphisms in relation to plasma carotenoid and retinol concentrations in women of European descent.	Vitamin A	106-113	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-36
23134893-4	2012	DESIGN: We assessed the associations between 224 SNPs in BCMO1 +- 20 kb imputed from the 1000 Genomes Project EUR reference panel with plasma carotenoid and retinol concentrations by using 7 case-control data sets (n = 2344) within the Nurses" Health Study, randomly divided into training (n = 1563) and testing (n = 781) data sets.	Vitamin A	157-164	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	57-62
23040032-1	2012	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the main transport system for retinol in circulation, is a relatively small protein with one binding site for retinol in the all-trans form, and is bound to transthyretin.	Vitamin A	63-70	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	0-23
23125440-8	2012	Taken together, these results indicated that a genetic variant of BCMO1 specifically changes lutein and zeaxanthin content in the chicken plasma and breast muscle without impairing vitamin A and E metabolism.	Vitamin A	181-190	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	66-71
23040032-1	2012	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the main transport system for retinol in circulation, is a relatively small protein with one binding site for retinol in the all-trans form, and is bound to transthyretin.	Vitamin A	63-70	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	25-28
23040032-1	2012	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the main transport system for retinol in circulation, is a relatively small protein with one binding site for retinol in the all-trans form, and is bound to transthyretin.	Vitamin A	143-150	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	0-23
23040032-1	2012	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the main transport system for retinol in circulation, is a relatively small protein with one binding site for retinol in the all-trans form, and is bound to transthyretin.	Vitamin A	143-150	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	25-28
22871568-1	2012	The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA) is an important regulator of mammalian adiposity and lipid metabolism, primarily acting at the gene expression level through nuclear receptors of the RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) subfamilies.	Vitamin A	4-13	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	194-205
22147505-1	2012	Alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4) is an important member of ADH family that metabolize a wide variety of substrates including ethanol and retinol.	Vitamin A	135-142	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-23
22147505-1	2012	Alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4) is an important member of ADH family that metabolize a wide variety of substrates including ethanol and retinol.	Vitamin A	135-142	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	25-29
22147505-1	2012	Alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4) is an important member of ADH family that metabolize a wide variety of substrates including ethanol and retinol.	Vitamin A	135-142	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	25-28
23071093-0	2012	Retinol-binding protein 4 induces inflammation in human endothelial cells by an NADPH oxidase- and nuclear factor kappa B-dependent and retinol-independent mechanism.	Vitamin A	136-143	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
23071093-5	2012	We demonstrate that these novel effects of RBP4 are independent of retinol and the RBP4 membrane receptor STRA6 and occur in part via activation of NADPH oxidase and NF-kappaB.	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
23071093-6	2012	Importantly, retinol-free RBP4 (apo-RBP4) was as potent as retinol-bound RBP4 (holo-RBP4) in inducing proinflammatory molecules in both HRCEC and HUVEC.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	26-30
23071093-6	2012	Importantly, retinol-free RBP4 (apo-RBP4) was as potent as retinol-bound RBP4 (holo-RBP4) in inducing proinflammatory molecules in both HRCEC and HUVEC.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
23071093-6	2012	Importantly, retinol-free RBP4 (apo-RBP4) was as potent as retinol-bound RBP4 (holo-RBP4) in inducing proinflammatory molecules in both HRCEC and HUVEC.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
22542753-3	2012	Murine 3A cells and the more highly differentiated human HepaRG hepatocytes were both shown to respond to beta-carotene (BC) and retinol (ROH) treatment by secreting Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4).	Vitamin A	129-136	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	166-191
22542753-3	2012	Murine 3A cells and the more highly differentiated human HepaRG hepatocytes were both shown to respond to beta-carotene (BC) and retinol (ROH) treatment by secreting Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4).	Vitamin A	129-136	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	193-197
22542753-5	2012	Functionality of the co-cultures was assayed using as endpoints the retinol-dependent secretion of RBP4 and the retinoic acid-dependent induction of CYP26A1 in hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	68-75	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	99-103
23106861-8	2012	Corneal thrombospondin 2 proteins in ELISA were higher in the vitamin A group, but VEGF-A, MMP 9 and TGF-beta proteins were higher in the control group (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	62-71	thrombospondin 2	Rattus norvegicus	8-24
23106861-9	2012	Similarly, thrombospondin 2 immunofluorescent staining was stronger, whereas VEGF-A, MMP 9 and TGF-beta staining were weaker in the vitamin A group (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	132-141	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	77-83
23106861-9	2012	Similarly, thrombospondin 2 immunofluorescent staining was stronger, whereas VEGF-A, MMP 9 and TGF-beta staining were weaker in the vitamin A group (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	132-141	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
23106861-9	2012	Similarly, thrombospondin 2 immunofluorescent staining was stronger, whereas VEGF-A, MMP 9 and TGF-beta staining were weaker in the vitamin A group (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	132-141	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-103
23106861-10	2012	In addition, thrombospondin 2 mRNA levels were higher, whereas VEGF-A, MMP 9 and TGF-beta mRNA levels were lower in the vitamin A group (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	120-129	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	63-69
23106861-10	2012	In addition, thrombospondin 2 mRNA levels were higher, whereas VEGF-A, MMP 9 and TGF-beta mRNA levels were lower in the vitamin A group (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	120-129	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
23106861-10	2012	In addition, thrombospondin 2 mRNA levels were higher, whereas VEGF-A, MMP 9 and TGF-beta mRNA levels were lower in the vitamin A group (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	120-129	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-89
22871568-1	2012	The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA) is an important regulator of mammalian adiposity and lipid metabolism, primarily acting at the gene expression level through nuclear receptors of the RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) subfamilies.	Vitamin A	4-13	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	216-235
22871568-1	2012	The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA) is an important regulator of mammalian adiposity and lipid metabolism, primarily acting at the gene expression level through nuclear receptors of the RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) subfamilies.	Vitamin A	4-13	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	237-240
23129325-1	2012	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the principle carrier of retinol in the human plasma, which circulates as a complex with transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric thyroxine transport protein.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
23129325-1	2012	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the principle carrier of retinol in the human plasma, which circulates as a complex with transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric thyroxine transport protein.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
23129325-1	2012	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the principle carrier of retinol in the human plasma, which circulates as a complex with transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric thyroxine transport protein.	Vitamin A	61-68	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	125-138
23129325-1	2012	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the principle carrier of retinol in the human plasma, which circulates as a complex with transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric thyroxine transport protein.	Vitamin A	61-68	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	140-143
23065770-2	2012	METHODS AND RESULTS: Structural changes upon sonication of BLG were monitored by circular dichroism spectroscopy, tryptophan emission fluorescence, hydrophobic dye and retinol binding, as well as digestibility and phenol-oxidase cross-linking capacity.	Vitamin A	168-175	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	59-62
23065770-4	2012	Uncontrolled local temperature changes induced modifications in BLG secondary structure accompanied by formation of dimers, trimers, and oligomers of BLG that were more digestible by pepsin and had reduced retinol binding.	Vitamin A	206-213	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	64-67
23065770-4	2012	Uncontrolled local temperature changes induced modifications in BLG secondary structure accompanied by formation of dimers, trimers, and oligomers of BLG that were more digestible by pepsin and had reduced retinol binding.	Vitamin A	206-213	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	150-153
22871568-1	2012	The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA) is an important regulator of mammalian adiposity and lipid metabolism, primarily acting at the gene expression level through nuclear receptors of the RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) subfamilies.	Vitamin A	4-13	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	207-210
23189224-1	2012	Using mice that lack retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 gene (Raldh1-/- mice), Kierfer et al demonstrated that retinoids (metabolites of Vitamin A) play an important role in the regulation of cellular metabolisms and energetics.	Vitamin A	132-141	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	57-63
22911105-4	2012	In contrast, inhibition of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) reduced chylomicron secretion after oral fat/retinol loads, but with accumulation of dietary TG and retinoids in the small intestine.	Vitamin A	119-126	solute carrier family 40 (iron-regulated transporter), member 1	Mus musculus	69-72
22815070-0	2012	STRA6-catalyzed vitamin A influx, efflux, and exchange.	Vitamin A	16-25	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
22815070-2	2012	STRA6 is the high-affinity membrane receptor for plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the principle and specific carrier of vitamin A (retinol) in the blood.	Vitamin A	125-134	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
22815070-2	2012	STRA6 is the high-affinity membrane receptor for plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the principle and specific carrier of vitamin A (retinol) in the blood.	Vitamin A	125-134	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	49-79
22815070-2	2012	STRA6 is the high-affinity membrane receptor for plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the principle and specific carrier of vitamin A (retinol) in the blood.	Vitamin A	125-134	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	81-84
22815070-2	2012	STRA6 is the high-affinity membrane receptor for plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the principle and specific carrier of vitamin A (retinol) in the blood.	Vitamin A	56-63	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
22815070-2	2012	STRA6 is the high-affinity membrane receptor for plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the principle and specific carrier of vitamin A (retinol) in the blood.	Vitamin A	56-63	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	81-84
22815070-3	2012	It was previously shown that STRA6 couples to lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and cellular retinol binding protein I (CRBP-I), but poorly to CRBP-II, for retinol uptake from holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	55-62	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	29-34
22815070-3	2012	It was previously shown that STRA6 couples to lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and cellular retinol binding protein I (CRBP-I), but poorly to CRBP-II, for retinol uptake from holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	55-62	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	80-84
22815070-4	2012	STRA6 catalyzes both retinol release from holo-RBP, which is responsible for its retinol uptake activity, and the loading of free retinol into apo-RBP, which can cause retinol efflux.	Vitamin A	21-28	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
22815070-4	2012	STRA6 catalyzes both retinol release from holo-RBP, which is responsible for its retinol uptake activity, and the loading of free retinol into apo-RBP, which can cause retinol efflux.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-50
22815070-4	2012	STRA6 catalyzes both retinol release from holo-RBP, which is responsible for its retinol uptake activity, and the loading of free retinol into apo-RBP, which can cause retinol efflux.	Vitamin A	81-88	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
22815070-4	2012	STRA6 catalyzes both retinol release from holo-RBP, which is responsible for its retinol uptake activity, and the loading of free retinol into apo-RBP, which can cause retinol efflux.	Vitamin A	81-88	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-50
22815070-4	2012	STRA6 catalyzes both retinol release from holo-RBP, which is responsible for its retinol uptake activity, and the loading of free retinol into apo-RBP, which can cause retinol efflux.	Vitamin A	81-88	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
22815070-4	2012	STRA6 catalyzes both retinol release from holo-RBP, which is responsible for its retinol uptake activity, and the loading of free retinol into apo-RBP, which can cause retinol efflux.	Vitamin A	81-88	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-50
22815070-4	2012	STRA6 catalyzes both retinol release from holo-RBP, which is responsible for its retinol uptake activity, and the loading of free retinol into apo-RBP, which can cause retinol efflux.	Vitamin A	81-88	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
22815070-4	2012	STRA6 catalyzes both retinol release from holo-RBP, which is responsible for its retinol uptake activity, and the loading of free retinol into apo-RBP, which can cause retinol efflux.	Vitamin A	81-88	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-50
22815070-5	2012	Although STRA6-catalyzed retinol efflux into apo-RBP can theoretically deplete cells of retinoid, it is unclear to what extent this efflux happens and in what context.	Vitamin A	25-32	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	9-14
22815070-5	2012	Although STRA6-catalyzed retinol efflux into apo-RBP can theoretically deplete cells of retinoid, it is unclear to what extent this efflux happens and in what context.	Vitamin A	25-32	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	49-52
22815070-6	2012	We show here that STRA6 can couple strongly to both CRBP-I and CRBP-II for retinol efflux to apo-RBP.	Vitamin A	75-82	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	18-23
22815070-6	2012	We show here that STRA6 can couple strongly to both CRBP-I and CRBP-II for retinol efflux to apo-RBP.	Vitamin A	75-82	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	52-58
22815070-6	2012	We show here that STRA6 can couple strongly to both CRBP-I and CRBP-II for retinol efflux to apo-RBP.	Vitamin A	75-82	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	63-70
22815070-6	2012	We show here that STRA6 can couple strongly to both CRBP-I and CRBP-II for retinol efflux to apo-RBP.	Vitamin A	75-82	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	53-56
22815070-7	2012	Strikingly, pure apo-RBP can cause almost complete depletion of retinol taken up by CRBP-I in a STRA6-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	64-71	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	21-24
22815070-7	2012	Strikingly, pure apo-RBP can cause almost complete depletion of retinol taken up by CRBP-I in a STRA6-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	64-71	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	84-90
22815070-7	2012	Strikingly, pure apo-RBP can cause almost complete depletion of retinol taken up by CRBP-I in a STRA6-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	64-71	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	96-101
22815070-8	2012	However, if STRA6 encounters both holo-RBP and apo-RBP (as in blood), holo-RBP blocks STRA6-mediated retinol efflux by competing with apo-RBP"s binding to STRA6 and by counteracting retinol efflux with influx.	Vitamin A	101-108	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	12-17
23833574-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Retinol binding protein-4 (BP-4) a new adipocytokine, specifically binds to retinol, through experimental studies, reported its link between obesity and insulin resistance (IR).	Vitamin A	88-95	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-37
23833574-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Retinol binding protein-4 (BP-4) a new adipocytokine, specifically binds to retinol, through experimental studies, reported its link between obesity and insulin resistance (IR).	Vitamin A	88-95	insulin	Homo sapiens	165-172
22428905-3	2012	Photoactivated rhodopsin releases all-trans-RAL, which is subsequently transported by ATP-binding cassette transporter 4 and reduced to all-trans-retinol by all-trans-retinol dehydrogenases located in photoreceptor cells.	Vitamin A	136-153	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	15-24
22428905-3	2012	Photoactivated rhodopsin releases all-trans-RAL, which is subsequently transported by ATP-binding cassette transporter 4 and reduced to all-trans-retinol by all-trans-retinol dehydrogenases located in photoreceptor cells.	Vitamin A	136-153	RAS like proto-oncogene A	Homo sapiens	44-47
22826435-7	2012	Here we show that TTR blocks the ability of holo-RBP to associate with STRA6 and thereby effectively suppresses both STRA6-mediated retinol uptake and STRA6-initiated cell signaling.	Vitamin A	132-139	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	117-122
22528770-6	2012	Moreover, data from the in vitro analysis showed that VA induced FPN1 gene expression by a hepcidin-independent manner.	Vitamin A	54-56	solute carrier family 40 member 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
22528770-6	2012	Moreover, data from the in vitro analysis showed that VA induced FPN1 gene expression by a hepcidin-independent manner.	Vitamin A	54-56	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	91-99
22806338-6	2012	Vitamin A at 1,500 IUkg(-1) day(-1) decreased exploratory behavior and decreased total hippocampal thiol content in sham-operated rats, increased hippocampal SOD/CAT ratio and decreased total antioxidant potential in the hippocampus of both sham and OVX groups, and increased cortical TBARS levels in OVX rats.	Vitamin A	0-9	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	162-165
23935318-1	2012	OBJECTIVES: Retinol Binding Protein-4 (RBP-4), the action of which was initially thought to be only the transport of vitamin A, is a major circulating adipocytokine involved in the inflammation.	Vitamin A	117-126	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-37
23935318-1	2012	OBJECTIVES: Retinol Binding Protein-4 (RBP-4), the action of which was initially thought to be only the transport of vitamin A, is a major circulating adipocytokine involved in the inflammation.	Vitamin A	117-126	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
23935318-7	2012	CONCLUSIONS: RBP-4 negatively correlated with disease activity of children with IBD probably indicating a protective anti-inflammatory mechanism of action in addition to transport of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	183-192	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
22901482-5	2012	Milk from Minhota cows showed higher contents of retinol, retinyl palmitate, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene.	Vitamin A	49-56	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
22901482-7	2012	Seasonal variations were not observed for milk samples from Holsteins, and only a very small variation was observed for milk samples from Minhota cows, mainly in retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and provitamin D(3) levels.	Vitamin A	162-169	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	120-124
22685091-2	2012	The known function of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is to transport retinol in the circulation.	Vitamin A	22-29	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
22685091-8	2012	RBP4 affected the mobilization of retinol from steatotic livers, and this revealed actions of RBP4 independent of simple retinol transport.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
22826435-0	2012	Transthyretin blocks retinol uptake and cell signaling by the holo-retinol-binding protein receptor STRA6.	Vitamin A	21-28	transthyretin	Mus musculus	0-13
22826435-0	2012	Transthyretin blocks retinol uptake and cell signaling by the holo-retinol-binding protein receptor STRA6.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	67-90
22826435-0	2012	Transthyretin blocks retinol uptake and cell signaling by the holo-retinol-binding protein receptor STRA6.	Vitamin A	21-28	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	100-105
22826435-1	2012	Vitamin A is secreted from cellular stores and circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	76-99
22826435-1	2012	Vitamin A is secreted from cellular stores and circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	101-104
22826435-2	2012	In turn, holo-RBP associates in plasma with transthyretin (TTR) to form a ternary RBP-retinol-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	14-17
22826435-2	2012	In turn, holo-RBP associates in plasma with transthyretin (TTR) to form a ternary RBP-retinol-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	86-93	transthyretin	Mus musculus	44-57
22826435-2	2012	In turn, holo-RBP associates in plasma with transthyretin (TTR) to form a ternary RBP-retinol-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	86-93	transthyretin	Mus musculus	59-62
22826435-2	2012	In turn, holo-RBP associates in plasma with transthyretin (TTR) to form a ternary RBP-retinol-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	82-85
22826435-2	2012	In turn, holo-RBP associates in plasma with transthyretin (TTR) to form a ternary RBP-retinol-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	86-93	transthyretin	Mus musculus	94-97
22826435-4	2012	At target cells, holo-RBP is recognized by STRA6, a plasma membrane protein that serves a dual role: it mediates uptake of retinol from extracellular RBP into cells, and it functions as a cytokine receptor that, upon binding holo-RBP, triggers a JAK/STAT signaling cascade.	Vitamin A	123-130	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	22-25
22826435-4	2012	At target cells, holo-RBP is recognized by STRA6, a plasma membrane protein that serves a dual role: it mediates uptake of retinol from extracellular RBP into cells, and it functions as a cytokine receptor that, upon binding holo-RBP, triggers a JAK/STAT signaling cascade.	Vitamin A	123-130	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	43-48
22826435-4	2012	At target cells, holo-RBP is recognized by STRA6, a plasma membrane protein that serves a dual role: it mediates uptake of retinol from extracellular RBP into cells, and it functions as a cytokine receptor that, upon binding holo-RBP, triggers a JAK/STAT signaling cascade.	Vitamin A	123-130	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	150-153
22826435-4	2012	At target cells, holo-RBP is recognized by STRA6, a plasma membrane protein that serves a dual role: it mediates uptake of retinol from extracellular RBP into cells, and it functions as a cytokine receptor that, upon binding holo-RBP, triggers a JAK/STAT signaling cascade.	Vitamin A	123-130	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	150-153
22826435-7	2012	Here we show that TTR blocks the ability of holo-RBP to associate with STRA6 and thereby effectively suppresses both STRA6-mediated retinol uptake and STRA6-initiated cell signaling.	Vitamin A	132-139	transthyretin	Mus musculus	18-21
22826435-7	2012	Here we show that TTR blocks the ability of holo-RBP to associate with STRA6 and thereby effectively suppresses both STRA6-mediated retinol uptake and STRA6-initiated cell signaling.	Vitamin A	132-139	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	49-52
22790594-11	2012	On the basis of our results, DHRS3 mRNA expression is regulated by RA in a tissue- or cell-type specific manner; the RA-induced increase in DHRS3 may contribute to retinoid storage; and a reduction of DHRS3 expression in the liver during inflammation may contribute to the perturbation of whole body vitamin A metabolism that has previously been shown to occur in conditions of inflammatory stress.	Vitamin A	300-309	dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Rattus norvegicus	29-34
22826214-2	2012	Using chick embryonic tarsometatarsal skin, we showed previously that the expression of Gbx1, a divergent homeobox gene, is increased in the epidermis through interaction with retinol-pretreated dermal fibroblasts followed by epidermal transdifferentiation to mucous epithelium.	Vitamin A	176-183	gastrulation brain homeobox 1	Gallus gallus	88-92
22566007-5	2012	Retinol maintains long-term cultures of undifferentiated cells via elevated expression of stem cell specific transcription factors Nanog and Oct4.	Vitamin A	0-7	Nanog homeobox	Homo sapiens	131-136
22566007-5	2012	Retinol maintains long-term cultures of undifferentiated cells via elevated expression of stem cell specific transcription factors Nanog and Oct4.	Vitamin A	0-7	POU class 5 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	141-145
22566007-6	2012	The studies provide evidence that retinol regulates the self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells via the over expression of insulin like growth factor II (IGFII) that engages PI3 kinase signaling pathway via IGF1 receptor tyrosine kinase.	Vitamin A	34-41	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	122-151
22566007-6	2012	The studies provide evidence that retinol regulates the self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells via the over expression of insulin like growth factor II (IGFII) that engages PI3 kinase signaling pathway via IGF1 receptor tyrosine kinase.	Vitamin A	34-41	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	153-158
22810988-10	2012	Retinol+retinyl esters exhibited an inverse relationship with CRP and a positive relationship with uric acid and HOMA-IR as well as MetS binary outcome.	Vitamin A	0-7	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	62-65
22810988-13	2012	Vitamin E had no consistent association with MetS, whereas retinol+retinyl esters had a positive relationship with HOMA-IR, uric acid, and MetS, while being inversely related to CRP.	Vitamin A	59-66	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	178-181
23188981-0	2012	The effect of vitamin A supplementation on stimulated T-cell proliferation with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein in patients with multiple sclerosis.	Vitamin A	14-23	myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	80-115
23188981-11	2012	RESULTS: Observations showed statistical significant differences in the reduction of cell proliferation in the presence of MOG and fetal calf serum (FCS) in the culture medium, between patients receiving vitamin A and the placebo (P = 0.046).	Vitamin A	204-213	myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	123-126
23136757-0	2012	[Effect of retinol on interaction of the protein period1, oxytocin, and GABA at the prenatal period of formation of the circadian clock-mechanism in rats].	Vitamin A	11-18	period circadian regulator 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-56
22745121-0	2012	Aromatic residues in the substrate cleft of RPE65 protein govern retinol isomerization and modulate its progression.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	44-49
22745121-1	2012	Previously, we showed that mutating RPE65 residue Phe-103 preferentially produces 13-cis-retinol instead of 11-cis-retinol, supporting a carbocation/radical cation mechanism of retinol isomerization.	Vitamin A	108-122	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	36-41
22745121-1	2012	Previously, we showed that mutating RPE65 residue Phe-103 preferentially produces 13-cis-retinol instead of 11-cis-retinol, supporting a carbocation/radical cation mechanism of retinol isomerization.	Vitamin A	89-96	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	36-41
22745121-9	2012	We propose that residual densities located in the binding cleft of the RPE65 structure represents a post-cleavage snapshot consistent not only with a fatty acid product, as originally modeled, but also an 11-cis-retinol product.	Vitamin A	205-219	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	71-76
22815070-8	2012	However, if STRA6 encounters both holo-RBP and apo-RBP (as in blood), holo-RBP blocks STRA6-mediated retinol efflux by competing with apo-RBP"s binding to STRA6 and by counteracting retinol efflux with influx.	Vitamin A	101-108	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-54
22815070-8	2012	However, if STRA6 encounters both holo-RBP and apo-RBP (as in blood), holo-RBP blocks STRA6-mediated retinol efflux by competing with apo-RBP"s binding to STRA6 and by counteracting retinol efflux with influx.	Vitamin A	101-108	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-54
22815070-8	2012	However, if STRA6 encounters both holo-RBP and apo-RBP (as in blood), holo-RBP blocks STRA6-mediated retinol efflux by competing with apo-RBP"s binding to STRA6 and by counteracting retinol efflux with influx.	Vitamin A	101-108	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	86-91
22815070-8	2012	However, if STRA6 encounters both holo-RBP and apo-RBP (as in blood), holo-RBP blocks STRA6-mediated retinol efflux by competing with apo-RBP"s binding to STRA6 and by counteracting retinol efflux with influx.	Vitamin A	101-108	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-54
22815070-8	2012	However, if STRA6 encounters both holo-RBP and apo-RBP (as in blood), holo-RBP blocks STRA6-mediated retinol efflux by competing with apo-RBP"s binding to STRA6 and by counteracting retinol efflux with influx.	Vitamin A	101-108	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	86-91
22815070-8	2012	However, if STRA6 encounters both holo-RBP and apo-RBP (as in blood), holo-RBP blocks STRA6-mediated retinol efflux by competing with apo-RBP"s binding to STRA6 and by counteracting retinol efflux with influx.	Vitamin A	182-189	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	12-17
22815070-8	2012	However, if STRA6 encounters both holo-RBP and apo-RBP (as in blood), holo-RBP blocks STRA6-mediated retinol efflux by competing with apo-RBP"s binding to STRA6 and by counteracting retinol efflux with influx.	Vitamin A	182-189	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	86-91
22815070-8	2012	However, if STRA6 encounters both holo-RBP and apo-RBP (as in blood), holo-RBP blocks STRA6-mediated retinol efflux by competing with apo-RBP"s binding to STRA6 and by counteracting retinol efflux with influx.	Vitamin A	182-189	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	86-91
22815070-9	2012	We also found that STRA6 catalyzes efficient retinol exchange between intracellular CRBP-I and extracellular RBP, even in the presence of holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	45-52	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	19-24
22815070-9	2012	We also found that STRA6 catalyzes efficient retinol exchange between intracellular CRBP-I and extracellular RBP, even in the presence of holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	84-90
22815070-9	2012	We also found that STRA6 catalyzes efficient retinol exchange between intracellular CRBP-I and extracellular RBP, even in the presence of holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	85-88
22815070-9	2012	We also found that STRA6 catalyzes efficient retinol exchange between intracellular CRBP-I and extracellular RBP, even in the presence of holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	109-112
22826435-7	2012	Here we show that TTR blocks the ability of holo-RBP to associate with STRA6 and thereby effectively suppresses both STRA6-mediated retinol uptake and STRA6-initiated cell signaling.	Vitamin A	132-139	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	117-122
23378454-2	2012	Vitamin A has been shown to regulate thyroid hormone metabolism and inhibit thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion via down regulation of TSH-beta gene expression; however, the effect of vitamin A on thyroid function in obese individuals who are at higher risk of subclinical hypothyroidism is still unclear.	Vitamin A	0-9	thyroid stimulating hormone subunit beta	Homo sapiens	143-151
22573912-4	2012	Here, we show that activation of PKCepsilon in mitochondria also requires retinol as a cofactor, implying a redox-mechanism.	Vitamin A	74-81	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	33-43
22434687-6	2012	Thus, nutritional factors, such as vitamin A and its derivatives the retinoids, might modulate daily patterns of BDNF and RC3 expression in the hippocampus, and they could be essential to maintain an optimal daily performance at molecular level in this learning-and-memory-related brain area.	Vitamin A	35-44	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
22434687-6	2012	Thus, nutritional factors, such as vitamin A and its derivatives the retinoids, might modulate daily patterns of BDNF and RC3 expression in the hippocampus, and they could be essential to maintain an optimal daily performance at molecular level in this learning-and-memory-related brain area.	Vitamin A	35-44	neurogranin	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
21940155-5	2012	TB and TB+VA-treated rats, but not VA-treated rats, exhibited higher levels of H3K9 acetylation and p21 protein expression.	Vitamin A	10-12	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
22513823-7	2012	Treatment with FGF receptor 2-antisense or vitamin A (an inhibitor of the MAP kinase in the FGFR2 pathway) decreased renal urothelial cell proliferation.	Vitamin A	43-52	fibroblast growth factor receptor 2	Mus musculus	92-97
22739370-0	2012	Oral vitamin A and retinoic acid supplementation stimulates antibody production and splenic Stra6 expression in tetanus toxoid-immunized mice.	Vitamin A	5-14	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	92-97
22739370-4	2012	The objectives of the present studies were to test whether orally administered vitamin A (VA) itself, either alone or combined with RA, and/or treatment with PIC regulates Stra6 gene expression in mouse spleen and, concomitantly, antibody production.	Vitamin A	79-88	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	172-177
22739370-4	2012	The objectives of the present studies were to test whether orally administered vitamin A (VA) itself, either alone or combined with RA, and/or treatment with PIC regulates Stra6 gene expression in mouse spleen and, concomitantly, antibody production.	Vitamin A	90-92	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	172-177
22739370-6	2012	In an initial kinetic study, oral VA (6 mg/kg) increased anti-TT IgM and IgG production as well as splenic Stra6 mRNA expression.	Vitamin A	34-36	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	107-112
22739370-10	2012	In conclusion, retinoid treatments that included VA, RA, VA and RA combined, and the combination of retinoid and PIC stimulated the expression of Stra6 in spleen, which potentially could increase the local uptake of retinol.	Vitamin A	216-223	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	146-151
22621924-1	2012	In vertebrate rod cells, retinoid dehydrogenases/reductases (RDHs) are critical for reducing the reactive aldehyde all-trans-retinal that is released by photoactivated rhodopsin, to all-trans-retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	182-199	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	168-177
22665496-0	2012	Cross talk between signaling and vitamin A transport by the retinol-binding protein receptor STRA6.	Vitamin A	33-42	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	93-98
22665496-1	2012	The plasma membrane protein STRA6 transports vitamin A from its blood carrier retinol binding protein (RBP) into cells, and it also functions as a cytokine receptor which activates JAK/STAT signaling.	Vitamin A	45-54	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	28-33
22665496-1	2012	The plasma membrane protein STRA6 transports vitamin A from its blood carrier retinol binding protein (RBP) into cells, and it also functions as a cytokine receptor which activates JAK/STAT signaling.	Vitamin A	45-54	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	78-101
22665496-1	2012	The plasma membrane protein STRA6 transports vitamin A from its blood carrier retinol binding protein (RBP) into cells, and it also functions as a cytokine receptor which activates JAK/STAT signaling.	Vitamin A	45-54	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	103-106
22665496-3	2012	Instead, activation of the receptor is triggered by STRA6-mediated translocation of retinol from serum RBP to an intracellular acceptor, the retinol-binding protein CRBP-I.	Vitamin A	84-91	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	52-57
22665496-3	2012	Instead, activation of the receptor is triggered by STRA6-mediated translocation of retinol from serum RBP to an intracellular acceptor, the retinol-binding protein CRBP-I.	Vitamin A	84-91	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	103-106
22665496-3	2012	Instead, activation of the receptor is triggered by STRA6-mediated translocation of retinol from serum RBP to an intracellular acceptor, the retinol-binding protein CRBP-I.	Vitamin A	84-91	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	165-171
22665496-3	2012	Instead, activation of the receptor is triggered by STRA6-mediated translocation of retinol from serum RBP to an intracellular acceptor, the retinol-binding protein CRBP-I.	Vitamin A	141-148	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	52-57
22665496-3	2012	Instead, activation of the receptor is triggered by STRA6-mediated translocation of retinol from serum RBP to an intracellular acceptor, the retinol-binding protein CRBP-I.	Vitamin A	141-148	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	165-171
22665496-4	2012	The observations also demonstrate that the movement of retinol from RBP to CRBP-I, and thus activation of STRA6, is critically linked to the intracellular metabolism of the vitamin.	Vitamin A	55-62	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	68-71
22665496-4	2012	The observations also demonstrate that the movement of retinol from RBP to CRBP-I, and thus activation of STRA6, is critically linked to the intracellular metabolism of the vitamin.	Vitamin A	55-62	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	75-81
22665496-4	2012	The observations also demonstrate that the movement of retinol from RBP to CRBP-I, and thus activation of STRA6, is critically linked to the intracellular metabolism of the vitamin.	Vitamin A	55-62	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	106-111
22665496-5	2012	Furthermore, the data show that STRA6 phosphorylation is required for retinol uptake to proceed.	Vitamin A	70-77	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	32-37
22665496-6	2012	Hence, the observations demonstrate that STRA6 orchestrates a multicomponent "machinery" that couples vitamin A homeostasis and metabolism to activation of a signaling cascade and that, in turn, STRA6 signaling regulates the cellular uptake of the vitamin.	Vitamin A	102-111	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	41-46
22702898-9	2012	Presence of an EF hand domain, a characteristic feature of calcium binding proteins and a role in the synthesis of retinol which is transported by retinol binding protein, a protein found in kidney stone matrix; of CCD7 support the role of TTP as an antilithiatic protein.	Vitamin A	115-122	carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7	Arabidopsis thaliana	215-219
22637576-0	2012	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase is critical for cellular uptake of vitamin A from serum retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	68-77	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-32
22637576-2	2012	Vitamin A is transported in the blood bound to retinol-binding protein (holo-RBP), and its target cells express an RBP receptor encoded by the Stra6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6) gene.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	77-80
22637576-2	2012	Vitamin A is transported in the blood bound to retinol-binding protein (holo-RBP), and its target cells express an RBP receptor encoded by the Stra6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6) gene.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	115-118
22637576-2	2012	Vitamin A is transported in the blood bound to retinol-binding protein (holo-RBP), and its target cells express an RBP receptor encoded by the Stra6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6) gene.	Vitamin A	0-9	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	143-148
22637576-3	2012	Here we show in mice that cellular uptake of vitamin A from holo-RBP depends on functional coupling of STRA6 with intracellular lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	45-54	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	65-68
22637576-3	2012	Here we show in mice that cellular uptake of vitamin A from holo-RBP depends on functional coupling of STRA6 with intracellular lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	45-54	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	103-108
22637576-3	2012	Here we show in mice that cellular uptake of vitamin A from holo-RBP depends on functional coupling of STRA6 with intracellular lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	45-54	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	128-160
22637576-4	2012	Thus, vitamin A uptake from recombinant holo-RBP exhibited by wild type mice was impaired in Lrat(-/-) mice.	Vitamin A	6-15	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	45-48
22637576-4	2012	Thus, vitamin A uptake from recombinant holo-RBP exhibited by wild type mice was impaired in Lrat(-/-) mice.	Vitamin A	6-15	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	93-97
22637576-7	2012	Finally, we show that the drug fenretinide, used clinically to presumably lower blood RBP levels and thus decrease circulating retinol, targets the functional coupling of STRA6 and LRAT to increase cellular vitamin A uptake in peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	127-134	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	171-176
22637576-7	2012	Finally, we show that the drug fenretinide, used clinically to presumably lower blood RBP levels and thus decrease circulating retinol, targets the functional coupling of STRA6 and LRAT to increase cellular vitamin A uptake in peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	207-216	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	86-89
22637576-7	2012	Finally, we show that the drug fenretinide, used clinically to presumably lower blood RBP levels and thus decrease circulating retinol, targets the functional coupling of STRA6 and LRAT to increase cellular vitamin A uptake in peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	207-216	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	171-176
22621924-1	2012	In vertebrate rod cells, retinoid dehydrogenases/reductases (RDHs) are critical for reducing the reactive aldehyde all-trans-retinal that is released by photoactivated rhodopsin, to all-trans-retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	201-210	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	168-177
22349213-1	2012	The long-wavelength-sensitive (LWS) opsins form one of four classes of vertebrate cone visual pigment and exhibit peak spectral sensitivities (lambda(max)) that generally range from 525 to 560 nm for rhodopsin/vitamin-A(1) photopigments.	Vitamin A	210-219	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	200-209
22984325-5	2012	We also found that feeding animals with a vitamin A-free diet, dampened daily rhythms of RARalpha and RXRbeta mRNA, GR expression and activity, GSH, BMAL1 protein levels and locomotor activity.	Vitamin A	42-51	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	89-97
22984325-5	2012	We also found that feeding animals with a vitamin A-free diet, dampened daily rhythms of RARalpha and RXRbeta mRNA, GR expression and activity, GSH, BMAL1 protein levels and locomotor activity.	Vitamin A	42-51	retinoid X receptor beta	Rattus norvegicus	102-109
22984325-5	2012	We also found that feeding animals with a vitamin A-free diet, dampened daily rhythms of RARalpha and RXRbeta mRNA, GR expression and activity, GSH, BMAL1 protein levels and locomotor activity.	Vitamin A	42-51	glutathione-disulfide reductase	Rattus norvegicus	116-118
22984325-5	2012	We also found that feeding animals with a vitamin A-free diet, dampened daily rhythms of RARalpha and RXRbeta mRNA, GR expression and activity, GSH, BMAL1 protein levels and locomotor activity.	Vitamin A	42-51	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
22984325-6	2012	Differently, day-night oscillations of RXRalpha, GPx mRNA levels and activity and PER1 protein levels, were phase-shifted in the liver of vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	138-147	retinoid X receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	39-47
22591370-6	2012	However, levels of parvalbumin expression were decreased for vitamin A deficient and morphine-treated WT rats as compared to WT rats on the normal diet and placebo-treated WT rats.	Vitamin A	61-70	parvalbumin	Rattus norvegicus	19-30
22591370-7	2012	For TG rats, parvalbumin expression was higher for vitamin A deficient TG rats treated with either placebo or morphine than for WT vitamin A deficient rats treated with placebo, and placebo treated vitamin A deficient TG rats showed higher expression than morphine treated vitamin A deficient rats.	Vitamin A	51-60	parvalbumin	Rattus norvegicus	13-24
22591370-7	2012	For TG rats, parvalbumin expression was higher for vitamin A deficient TG rats treated with either placebo or morphine than for WT vitamin A deficient rats treated with placebo, and placebo treated vitamin A deficient TG rats showed higher expression than morphine treated vitamin A deficient rats.	Vitamin A	131-140	parvalbumin	Rattus norvegicus	13-24
22591370-7	2012	For TG rats, parvalbumin expression was higher for vitamin A deficient TG rats treated with either placebo or morphine than for WT vitamin A deficient rats treated with placebo, and placebo treated vitamin A deficient TG rats showed higher expression than morphine treated vitamin A deficient rats.	Vitamin A	131-140	parvalbumin	Rattus norvegicus	13-24
22591370-7	2012	For TG rats, parvalbumin expression was higher for vitamin A deficient TG rats treated with either placebo or morphine than for WT vitamin A deficient rats treated with placebo, and placebo treated vitamin A deficient TG rats showed higher expression than morphine treated vitamin A deficient rats.	Vitamin A	131-140	parvalbumin	Rattus norvegicus	13-24
22806070-2	2012	Retinoic acid (RA), which is the biologically active form of vitamin A, acts through the nuclear hormone receptor RAR (RA receptor) to induce either gene activation or repression.	Vitamin A	61-70	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	114-117
22806070-2	2012	Retinoic acid (RA), which is the biologically active form of vitamin A, acts through the nuclear hormone receptor RAR (RA receptor) to induce either gene activation or repression.	Vitamin A	61-70	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	119-130
22645360-2	2012	ATTR are caused by aggregation of transthyretin (TTR), a natively tetrameric protein involved in the transport of thyroxine and the vitamin A-retinol-binding protein complex.	Vitamin A	132-141	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-4
22350370-2	2012	Retinol, bound to its carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP), is filtered at the glomerulus and reabsorbed at the proximal tubule.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	30-53
22350370-2	2012	Retinol, bound to its carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP), is filtered at the glomerulus and reabsorbed at the proximal tubule.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	55-58
22350370-3	2012	We hypothesized that urinary loss of retinol-RBP complex is responsible for decreased serum retinol.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	45-48
22350370-3	2012	We hypothesized that urinary loss of retinol-RBP complex is responsible for decreased serum retinol.	Vitamin A	92-99	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	45-48
22350370-6	2012	Serum RBP concentrations were low in patients with vitamin A deficiency and were correlated with vitamin A levels.	Vitamin A	51-60	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	6-9
22645360-2	2012	ATTR are caused by aggregation of transthyretin (TTR), a natively tetrameric protein involved in the transport of thyroxine and the vitamin A-retinol-binding protein complex.	Vitamin A	132-141	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	34-47
22645360-2	2012	ATTR are caused by aggregation of transthyretin (TTR), a natively tetrameric protein involved in the transport of thyroxine and the vitamin A-retinol-binding protein complex.	Vitamin A	132-141	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	1-4
21932115-11	2012	In whites only, lower serum phosphorus and lower serum retinol were associated with higher PTH.	Vitamin A	55-62	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	91-94
21492869-5	2012	Accordingly, we hypothesized that Fgfr2IIIb-/- mouse embryos would exhibit disruptions in expression of Raldh2, the gene for the enzyme that regulates the final step in the conversion of vitamin A to the active form RA, during duodenal atresia formation.	Vitamin A	187-196	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	104-110
22451137-4	2012	In a secondary pathway, BCO2 cleaves beta-carotene into retinoic acid, the most potent form of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	95-104	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Bos taurus	24-28
22451137-5	2012	RDHE2 converts trans-retinol to trans-retinal, a less active form of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	69-78	short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C member 6	Bos taurus	0-5
22221326-7	2012	In previous in vivo studies, intraperitoneal injections of vitamin A decreased brain Abeta deposition and tau phosphorylation in transgenic mouse models of AD, attenuated neuronal degeneration, and improved spatial learning and memory.	Vitamin A	59-68	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	85-90
23378454-12	2012	The results showed a significant reduction in serum RBP in the obese group after vitamin A supplementation (p = 0.007), but no significant change was seen in serum TTR.	Vitamin A	81-90	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	52-55
22467576-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Our studies of stra6 -/- null mice established the importance of the STRA6 protein for the uptake, intracellular transport, and processing of retinol by the RPE.	Vitamin A	155-162	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	28-33
22467576-11	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Our studies of stra6 -/- null mice established the importance of the STRA6 protein for the uptake, intracellular transport, and processing of retinol by the RPE.	Vitamin A	155-162	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	82-87
22398245-0	2012	Reduced frequencies and heightened CD103 expression among virus-induced CD8(+) T cells in the respiratory tract airways of vitamin A-deficient mice.	Vitamin A	123-132	integrin alpha E, epithelial-associated	Mus musculus	35-40
22398245-0	2012	Reduced frequencies and heightened CD103 expression among virus-induced CD8(+) T cells in the respiratory tract airways of vitamin A-deficient mice.	Vitamin A	123-132	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	72-75
22584327-0	2012	[Laryngeal preservation for hypopharyngeal cancer by radiotherapy with S-1 and vitamin A(TAR therapy)].	Vitamin A	79-88	RNA binding motif protein 8A	Homo sapiens	89-92
22431523-0	2012	Retinol-binding protein 4 inhibits insulin signaling in adipocytes by inducing proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase- and toll-like receptor 4-dependent and retinol-independent mechanism.	Vitamin A	194-201	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
22431523-0	2012	Retinol-binding protein 4 inhibits insulin signaling in adipocytes by inducing proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase- and toll-like receptor 4-dependent and retinol-independent mechanism.	Vitamin A	194-201	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
22431523-7	2012	Because RBP4 is a retinol-binding protein, we investigated whether these effects are retinol dependent.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	8-12
22431523-7	2012	Because RBP4 is a retinol-binding protein, we investigated whether these effects are retinol dependent.	Vitamin A	85-92	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	8-12
22431523-8	2012	Unexpectedly, retinol-free RBP4 (apo-RBP4) is as potent as retinol-bound RBP4 (holo-RBP4) in inducing proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
22431523-8	2012	Unexpectedly, retinol-free RBP4 (apo-RBP4) is as potent as retinol-bound RBP4 (holo-RBP4) in inducing proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
22431523-8	2012	Unexpectedly, retinol-free RBP4 (apo-RBP4) is as potent as retinol-bound RBP4 (holo-RBP4) in inducing proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
22431523-9	2012	Apo-RBP4 is likely to be physiologically significant since RBP4/retinol ratios are increased in serum of lean and obese insulin-resistant humans compared to ratios in insulin-sensitive humans, indicating that higher apo-RBP4 is associated with insulin resistance independent of obesity.	Vitamin A	64-71	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	4-8
22431523-11	2012	This process reveals a novel JNK- and TLR4-dependent and retinol- and STRA6-independent mechanism of action for RBP4.	Vitamin A	57-64	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	112-116
22499871-1	2012	This study was conducted to determine the influence of vitamin E on the retinol binding protein (RBP) and cytochrome p450 family 26 subfamily A polypeptide 1 (CYP26A1), which are specific transporters and catabolic enzymes of vitamin A, respectively.	Vitamin A	226-235	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	72-95
22499871-1	2012	This study was conducted to determine the influence of vitamin E on the retinol binding protein (RBP) and cytochrome p450 family 26 subfamily A polypeptide 1 (CYP26A1), which are specific transporters and catabolic enzymes of vitamin A, respectively.	Vitamin A	226-235	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	97-100
22499871-1	2012	This study was conducted to determine the influence of vitamin E on the retinol binding protein (RBP) and cytochrome p450 family 26 subfamily A polypeptide 1 (CYP26A1), which are specific transporters and catabolic enzymes of vitamin A, respectively.	Vitamin A	226-235	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Gallus gallus	106-157
22499871-1	2012	This study was conducted to determine the influence of vitamin E on the retinol binding protein (RBP) and cytochrome p450 family 26 subfamily A polypeptide 1 (CYP26A1), which are specific transporters and catabolic enzymes of vitamin A, respectively.	Vitamin A	226-235	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Gallus gallus	159-166
22499871-7	2012	The results indicate that excessive vitamin E could increase the concentration of vitamin A in liver by inhibiting RBP synthesis in hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	82-91	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	115-118
21688017-12	2012	Our results indicate that (i) urinary retinol is a specific sign of tubular damage in type 2 diabetic patients and (ii) urinary retinol enables a more clear-cut identification of proximal tubule dysfunction in type 2 diabetes patients than urinary RBP or albumin.	Vitamin A	128-135	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	248-251
22426700-8	2012	Inhibition of p38, JNK, ERK1/2, Akt, and PKA suppressed retinol-induced [(3)H]dT incorporation into the cells, while PKC inhibition had no effect.	Vitamin A	56-63	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
22426700-8	2012	Inhibition of p38, JNK, ERK1/2, Akt, and PKA suppressed retinol-induced [(3)H]dT incorporation into the cells, while PKC inhibition had no effect.	Vitamin A	56-63	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
22426700-8	2012	Inhibition of p38, JNK, ERK1/2, Akt, and PKA suppressed retinol-induced [(3)H]dT incorporation into the cells, while PKC inhibition had no effect.	Vitamin A	56-63	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	24-30
22426700-8	2012	Inhibition of p38, JNK, ERK1/2, Akt, and PKA suppressed retinol-induced [(3)H]dT incorporation into the cells, while PKC inhibition had no effect.	Vitamin A	56-63	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
22426700-9	2012	ERK1/2 and p38 inhibition also blocked retinol-induced proliferative focus formation in the cells, while Akt and JNK inhibition partially decreased focus formation.	Vitamin A	39-46	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
22426700-9	2012	ERK1/2 and p38 inhibition also blocked retinol-induced proliferative focus formation in the cells, while Akt and JNK inhibition partially decreased focus formation.	Vitamin A	39-46	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
22426700-10	2012	ERK1/2 and p38 inhibition hindered transformation-associated deformation in retinol-treated cells, while other treatments had no effect.	Vitamin A	76-83	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
22426700-10	2012	ERK1/2 and p38 inhibition hindered transformation-associated deformation in retinol-treated cells, while other treatments had no effect.	Vitamin A	76-83	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
22292422-4	2012	VA activities are mediated by the metabolite of retinol catabolism, retinoic acid, which activates the retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor (RXR).	Vitamin A	48-55	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	130-149
22292422-4	2012	VA activities are mediated by the metabolite of retinol catabolism, retinoic acid, which activates the retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor (RXR).	Vitamin A	48-55	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	151-154
22230368-3	2012	CRBP1 (cellular retinol binding protein 1), a key component of retinoid signaling pathway, is known to take part in vitamin A metabolism and intracellular transporting of retinoids.	Vitamin A	116-125	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
22230368-3	2012	CRBP1 (cellular retinol binding protein 1), a key component of retinoid signaling pathway, is known to take part in vitamin A metabolism and intracellular transporting of retinoids.	Vitamin A	116-125	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	7-41
22329529-3	2012	Abnormalities in the protein transthyretin (TTR), a serum transporter of thyroxine and retinol, is the most common cause of cardiac amyloidoses in elderly adults.	Vitamin A	87-94	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	29-42
22329529-3	2012	Abnormalities in the protein transthyretin (TTR), a serum transporter of thyroxine and retinol, is the most common cause of cardiac amyloidoses in elderly adults.	Vitamin A	87-94	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	44-47
22264585-10	2012	This may have important implications for materno-fetal transfer of thyroid hormones, retinol/retinol binding protein and xenobiotics (such as polychlorinated biphenyls) all of which bind to TTR.	Vitamin A	85-92	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	190-193
22264585-10	2012	This may have important implications for materno-fetal transfer of thyroid hormones, retinol/retinol binding protein and xenobiotics (such as polychlorinated biphenyls) all of which bind to TTR.	Vitamin A	93-100	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	190-193
22291023-8	2012	Importantly, the retinol oxidizing activity of frog rdhe2 is conserved in its mouse homologs, suggesting that rdhe2-related enzymes may represent the previously unrecognized physiologically relevant retinol dehydrogenases that contribute to retinoic acid biosynthesis in higher vertebrates.	Vitamin A	17-24	short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C, member 5	Mus musculus	52-57
22291023-8	2012	Importantly, the retinol oxidizing activity of frog rdhe2 is conserved in its mouse homologs, suggesting that rdhe2-related enzymes may represent the previously unrecognized physiologically relevant retinol dehydrogenases that contribute to retinoic acid biosynthesis in higher vertebrates.	Vitamin A	17-24	short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C, member 5	Mus musculus	110-115
22419909-10	2012	AKR1B10 catalyzes the reduction of retinal to retinol, and thus lessens the formation of retinoic acid, with potential pro-differentiating actions.	Vitamin A	46-53	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens	0-7
22274401-7	2012	Furthermore, vitamin A supplementation induced a decrease in nigral, but not striatal, beta-synuclein levels in this work.	Vitamin A	13-22	synuclein, beta	Rattus norvegicus	87-101
22222225-6	2012	Cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBPII), a cytosolic retinoid chaperone that directs enterocyte retinol and retinal metabolism but is redundant to maintain serum retinol, was required to confer ALDH activity to CD103(+) LP DCs.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	37-43
22222225-6	2012	Cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBPII), a cytosolic retinoid chaperone that directs enterocyte retinol and retinal metabolism but is redundant to maintain serum retinol, was required to confer ALDH activity to CD103(+) LP DCs.	Vitamin A	9-16	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	199-203
22215263-7	2012	Fourteen genes, including Cyp26b1, which is known to be upregulated by vitamin A, were selected and verified by real-time PCR.	Vitamin A	71-80	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-33
22134223-9	2012	Also in the MLNs are CD103+ dendritic cells, which drive the differentiation of Foxp3+ T cells in the presence of TGF-beta and retinoic acid produced from dietary vitamin A.	Vitamin A	163-172	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	80-85
30764010-0	2012	Transthyretin: roles in the nervous system beyond thyroxine and retinol transport.	Vitamin A	64-71	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
22253419-1	2012	Retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) is a serum protein involved in the transport of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	81-90	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-25
22253419-1	2012	Retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) is a serum protein involved in the transport of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	81-90	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	27-31
30764010-2	2012	Besides the primordially attributed systemic role as a transporter molecule of thyroxine (T4) and retinol (through the binding to retinol-binding protein [RBP]), TTR has been recognized as a protein with important functions in several aspects of the nervous system physiology.	Vitamin A	98-105	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	130-153
30764010-2	2012	Besides the primordially attributed systemic role as a transporter molecule of thyroxine (T4) and retinol (through the binding to retinol-binding protein [RBP]), TTR has been recognized as a protein with important functions in several aspects of the nervous system physiology.	Vitamin A	98-105	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	155-158
30764010-2	2012	Besides the primordially attributed systemic role as a transporter molecule of thyroxine (T4) and retinol (through the binding to retinol-binding protein [RBP]), TTR has been recognized as a protein with important functions in several aspects of the nervous system physiology.	Vitamin A	98-105	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	162-165
30764010-6	2012	The purpose of this review is to highlight the roles of TTR in the nervous system, beyond its systemic role as a transporter molecule of T4 and RBP-retinol.	Vitamin A	148-155	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	56-59
30764010-6	2012	The purpose of this review is to highlight the roles of TTR in the nervous system, beyond its systemic role as a transporter molecule of T4 and RBP-retinol.	Vitamin A	148-155	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	144-147
22649902-0	2012	AOAC SMPR 2011.003: Standard method performance requirements for vitamin A in infant formula and adult/pediatric nutritional formula.	Vitamin A	65-74	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Homo sapiens	5-9
22649914-5	2012	In an effort to achieve Final Action status, it was recommended that additional information be generated for different types of infant and adult nutritional formula matrixes at varied concentration levels as indicated in the vitamin A (retinol) SMPR.	Vitamin A	225-234	mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent	Homo sapiens	245-249
22192917-1	2012	Retinol (vitamin A) circulates at 1-4 muM concentration and is easily measured in serum.	Vitamin A	0-7	latexin	Homo sapiens	38-41
22192917-1	2012	Retinol (vitamin A) circulates at 1-4 muM concentration and is easily measured in serum.	Vitamin A	9-18	latexin	Homo sapiens	38-41
21804135-7	2012	Compared with patients in lower quartiles, patients in the highest CRP quartile had lower intakes (p < 0.05) of sodium (241 mg vs 404 mg), calcium (453 mg vs 702 mg), vitamin B2 (0.88 mg vs 1.20 mg), and particularly vitamin A (207 mug vs 522 mug).	Vitamin A	220-229	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	67-70
22154532-9	2012	CONCLUSION: Taken together, our results indicate that vitamin A is involved in the regulation of IRP2, subsequently affecting iron metabolism gene expressions, such as Fn and TfR.	Vitamin A	54-63	iron responsive element binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
22154532-9	2012	CONCLUSION: Taken together, our results indicate that vitamin A is involved in the regulation of IRP2, subsequently affecting iron metabolism gene expressions, such as Fn and TfR.	Vitamin A	54-63	transferrin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	175-178
22642120-2	2012	It is shown that a decrease of p-hydroxylase and N-demethylase activity of cytochrome P-450 simultaneously with a decrease of glutathione-S-transferase activity takes place in the liver microsomal fraction of vitamin A-deficient animals.	Vitamin A	209-218	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	126-151
22642120-4	2012	The increase in glutathione-S-transferase activity is observed in the liver postmicrosomal fraction in mice, kept on vitamin A-deficient diet, while its parametres in knock-out group animals were not statistically different compared to the control.	Vitamin A	117-126	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Mus musculus	16-41
22260449-1	2012	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is a 230 amino acid membrane-associated protein which catalyzes the esterification of all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinyl ester.	Vitamin A	126-143	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-32
22260449-1	2012	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is a 230 amino acid membrane-associated protein which catalyzes the esterification of all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinyl ester.	Vitamin A	126-143	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
22197381-2	2012	We report the complexation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with retinol and retinoic acid at physiological conditions, using constant protein concentration and various retinoid contents.	Vitamin A	62-69	albumin	Homo sapiens	37-50
22296203-1	2012	AIMS: To investigate the genetic markers for osteoporosis bone mineral density by the genotyping of rs7041, rs4588 and rs1352845 in the DBP gene with either bone mineral density or serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, retinol and alpha-tocopherol, among 365 postmenopausal Thai women.	Vitamin A	214-221	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	136-139
21465477-0	2012	Vitamin A metabolism in benign and malignant melanocytic skin cells: importance of lecithin/retinol acyltransferase and RPE65.	Vitamin A	0-9	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	83-115
22149583-4	2012	Important factors and signaling pathways for HSC activation, as well as different functions of HSC during homeostasis and fibrosis, such as collagen production, secretion of cytokines and chemokines, immune modulation and changes in contractile features, as well as vitamin A storage capacity, have been identified in vitro and in vivo.	Vitamin A	266-275	fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group)	Homo sapiens	45-48
21465477-0	2012	Vitamin A metabolism in benign and malignant melanocytic skin cells: importance of lecithin/retinol acyltransferase and RPE65.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	120-125
21465477-3	2012	The key step of vitamin A metabolism is the esterification of all-trans retinol, catalyzed by lecithin/retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	16-25	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	94-126
21465477-3	2012	The key step of vitamin A metabolism is the esterification of all-trans retinol, catalyzed by lecithin/retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	16-25	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	128-132
21465477-3	2012	The key step of vitamin A metabolism is the esterification of all-trans retinol, catalyzed by lecithin/retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	72-79	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	94-126
21465477-3	2012	The key step of vitamin A metabolism is the esterification of all-trans retinol, catalyzed by lecithin/retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	72-79	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	128-132
21465477-7	2012	RPE65 is expressed in both melanocytic counterparts, and could be involved in the subsequent isomerization of RE produced by lecithin/retinol acyltransefrase to 11-cis retinol.	Vitamin A	161-175	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	0-5
21995425-5	2012	Retinol is the substrate of SRP-35, since its transient overexpression leads to an increased production of all-trans-retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	0-7	dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 7C	Mus musculus	28-34
22286025-3	2012	Human transthyretin (TTR) is a transporter of thyroxine and retinol in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).	Vitamin A	60-67	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	6-19
22286025-3	2012	Human transthyretin (TTR) is a transporter of thyroxine and retinol in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).	Vitamin A	60-67	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	21-24
22015466-3	2012	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) are transport proteins for delivery of retinol to the tissues via circulation.	Vitamin A	93-100	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
22015466-3	2012	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) are transport proteins for delivery of retinol to the tissues via circulation.	Vitamin A	93-100	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
22015466-3	2012	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) are transport proteins for delivery of retinol to the tissues via circulation.	Vitamin A	93-100	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	34-47
22015466-3	2012	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) are transport proteins for delivery of retinol to the tissues via circulation.	Vitamin A	93-100	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	49-52
22015466-7	2012	RBP and TTR synthesized in the fetus are essential for retinol transport to the developing organs including lung morphogenesis.	Vitamin A	55-62	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
22015466-7	2012	RBP and TTR synthesized in the fetus are essential for retinol transport to the developing organs including lung morphogenesis.	Vitamin A	55-62	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	8-11
21504779-1	2012	The vitamin A derivative, retinoic acid (RA), is essential for embryonic development through the activation of cognate nuclear receptors, RARs, which work as ligand dependent regulators of transcription.	Vitamin A	4-13	arginyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	138-142
21515404-2	2012	The first step of RA synthesis is controlled by enzymes of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and retinol dehydrogenase (RDH) families that catalyze oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	95-102	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	118-121
22074921-2	2012	A photon of visible light carries a sufficient amount of energy to cause, when absorbed, a cis,trans-geometric isomerization of the 11-cis-retinal chromophore, a vitamin A derivative bound to rhodopsin and cone opsins of retinal photoreceptors.	Vitamin A	162-171	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	192-201
23254580-7	2012	Replicon-harboring cells showed higher expression of retinal dehydrogenase 1 (RALDH-1), which converts retinol to retinoic acid, and the cured cells showed higher expression of retinol-binding protein (RBP), which transports retinol from the liver to target tissues.	Vitamin A	103-110	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	78-85
23254580-7	2012	Replicon-harboring cells showed higher expression of retinal dehydrogenase 1 (RALDH-1), which converts retinol to retinoic acid, and the cured cells showed higher expression of retinol-binding protein (RBP), which transports retinol from the liver to target tissues.	Vitamin A	177-184	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	202-205
21704730-4	2012	Three kinds of mammalian membrane receptors and transporters are discussed: opsins, best known as vitamin A-based light sensors in vision; ABCA4, an ATP-dependent transporter specializes in the transport of vitamin A derivative; and STRA6, a recently identified membrane receptor that mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	207-216	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	139-144
21704730-4	2012	Three kinds of mammalian membrane receptors and transporters are discussed: opsins, best known as vitamin A-based light sensors in vision; ABCA4, an ATP-dependent transporter specializes in the transport of vitamin A derivative; and STRA6, a recently identified membrane receptor that mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	207-216	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	139-144
21718801-3	2012	The retinol is then reesterified to retinyl esters for incorporation into chlylomicrons and absorbed via the lymphatics or effluxed into the portal circulation facilitated by the lipid transporter, ABCA1.	Vitamin A	4-11	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	198-203
21763457-4	2012	The novel role of vitamin A as co-activator and potential electron carrier, required for redox activation of PKCdelta, is discussed.	Vitamin A	18-27	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	109-117
21782034-1	2012	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to serum retinol binding protein (RBP) and is transported into cells by a membrane protein termed stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	80-83
21782034-1	2012	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to serum retinol binding protein (RBP) and is transported into cells by a membrane protein termed stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6).	Vitamin A	0-9	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	175-180
21782034-1	2012	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to serum retinol binding protein (RBP) and is transported into cells by a membrane protein termed stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6).	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	80-83
21782034-1	2012	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to serum retinol binding protein (RBP) and is transported into cells by a membrane protein termed stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6).	Vitamin A	11-18	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	175-180
21782034-6	2012	RBP-retinol thus joins the myriad of cytokines, growth factors and hormones which regulate gene transcription by activating cell surface receptors that signal through activation of Janus kinases and their associated transcription factors STATs.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
21933153-7	2012	NBD-tagged alpha-tocopherol binding to PKCalpha or the PKCalpha-C1a domain was blocked by diacylglycerol, alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol and retinol, but not by cholesterol or PS (phosphatidylserine).	Vitamin A	145-152	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	39-47
21933153-7	2012	NBD-tagged alpha-tocopherol binding to PKCalpha or the PKCalpha-C1a domain was blocked by diacylglycerol, alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol and retinol, but not by cholesterol or PS (phosphatidylserine).	Vitamin A	145-152	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	55-63
21983272-2	2012	9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, is a high affinity ligand for retinoid X receptor (RXR) and also activates retinoic acid receptor (RAR).	Vitamin A	52-61	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	93-112
21983272-2	2012	9-cis-retinoic acid (9cRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, is a high affinity ligand for retinoid X receptor (RXR) and also activates retinoic acid receptor (RAR).	Vitamin A	52-61	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	114-117
22451388-3	2012	Each glycosylated BLG retained ~80% of the retinol-binding activity of BLG.	Vitamin A	43-50	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	18-21
22451388-3	2012	Each glycosylated BLG retained ~80% of the retinol-binding activity of BLG.	Vitamin A	43-50	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	71-74
22249475-10	2012	There was a significant correlation between vitamin A supplementation of apolipoprotein E4(+) children and improved delta lactulose/mannitol.	Vitamin A	44-53	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	73-90
22471981-1	2012	Transthyretin (TTR), a beta-strand rich tetrameric protein present in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid is involved in the transport of thyroxine and retinol binding protein:retinol complex (holo-RBP).	Vitamin A	152-159	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
22471981-1	2012	Transthyretin (TTR), a beta-strand rich tetrameric protein present in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid is involved in the transport of thyroxine and retinol binding protein:retinol complex (holo-RBP).	Vitamin A	152-159	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
22471981-1	2012	Transthyretin (TTR), a beta-strand rich tetrameric protein present in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid is involved in the transport of thyroxine and retinol binding protein:retinol complex (holo-RBP).	Vitamin A	152-159	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	198-201
22471981-1	2012	Transthyretin (TTR), a beta-strand rich tetrameric protein present in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid is involved in the transport of thyroxine and retinol binding protein:retinol complex (holo-RBP).	Vitamin A	176-183	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
22471981-1	2012	Transthyretin (TTR), a beta-strand rich tetrameric protein present in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid is involved in the transport of thyroxine and retinol binding protein:retinol complex (holo-RBP).	Vitamin A	176-183	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
22471981-1	2012	Transthyretin (TTR), a beta-strand rich tetrameric protein present in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid is involved in the transport of thyroxine and retinol binding protein:retinol complex (holo-RBP).	Vitamin A	176-183	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	198-201
22471982-2	2012	TTR is a transport protein for thyroid hormones and vitamin A and is predominantly synthesised in the liver.	Vitamin A	52-61	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-3
22519159-13	2012	CIC results showed absence of goblet cells and/or mucin was seen more in those with low serum retinol but this was not statistically significant.	Vitamin A	94-101	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	50-55
22002789-3	2012	Among these, one of the most interesting candidates is transthyretin (TTR), the carrier of thyroxine and retinol, which also binds with amyloid-beta (Abeta), and it has been suggested that it protects against Abeta deposition.	Vitamin A	105-112	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	55-68
22002789-3	2012	Among these, one of the most interesting candidates is transthyretin (TTR), the carrier of thyroxine and retinol, which also binds with amyloid-beta (Abeta), and it has been suggested that it protects against Abeta deposition.	Vitamin A	105-112	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	70-73
22002789-3	2012	Among these, one of the most interesting candidates is transthyretin (TTR), the carrier of thyroxine and retinol, which also binds with amyloid-beta (Abeta), and it has been suggested that it protects against Abeta deposition.	Vitamin A	105-112	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	136-148
22002789-3	2012	Among these, one of the most interesting candidates is transthyretin (TTR), the carrier of thyroxine and retinol, which also binds with amyloid-beta (Abeta), and it has been suggested that it protects against Abeta deposition.	Vitamin A	105-112	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	150-155
22002789-3	2012	Among these, one of the most interesting candidates is transthyretin (TTR), the carrier of thyroxine and retinol, which also binds with amyloid-beta (Abeta), and it has been suggested that it protects against Abeta deposition.	Vitamin A	105-112	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	209-214
21515404-6	2012	ADH knockouts have demonstrated a postnatal role for this enzyme family in clearance of excess retinol to prevent vitamin A toxicity and in generation of RA for postnatal survival during vitamin A deficiency.	Vitamin A	95-102	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	0-3
21515404-6	2012	ADH knockouts have demonstrated a postnatal role for this enzyme family in clearance of excess retinol to prevent vitamin A toxicity and in generation of RA for postnatal survival during vitamin A deficiency.	Vitamin A	114-123	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	0-3
21515404-6	2012	ADH knockouts have demonstrated a postnatal role for this enzyme family in clearance of excess retinol to prevent vitamin A toxicity and in generation of RA for postnatal survival during vitamin A deficiency.	Vitamin A	187-196	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	0-3
21621639-10	2012	The ratio apo-CRBP1/holo-CRBP1 participates by influencing retinol flux into and out of storage as retinyl esters, thereby modulating substrate to support atRA biosynthesis.	Vitamin A	59-66	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
21621639-10	2012	The ratio apo-CRBP1/holo-CRBP1 participates by influencing retinol flux into and out of storage as retinyl esters, thereby modulating substrate to support atRA biosynthesis.	Vitamin A	59-66	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
23327965-2	2012	The pleiotropic functions of vitamin A are mediated by specific nuclear receptors: the retinoic acid receptors (RARalpha, -beta, and -gamma) and the retinoic X receptors (RXRalpha, -beta, and -gamma).	Vitamin A	29-38	retinoid X receptor beta	Rattus norvegicus	112-198
23363776-0	2012	The influence of vitamin A supplementation on Foxp3 and TGF-beta gene expression in atherosclerotic patients.	Vitamin A	17-26	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	46-51
23363776-0	2012	The influence of vitamin A supplementation on Foxp3 and TGF-beta gene expression in atherosclerotic patients.	Vitamin A	17-26	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	56-64
23363776-1	2012	The aim of this study was to investigate the role of vitamin A in Foxp3 and TGF-beta gene expression in atherosclerotic patients.	Vitamin A	53-62	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	66-71
23363776-1	2012	The aim of this study was to investigate the role of vitamin A in Foxp3 and TGF-beta gene expression in atherosclerotic patients.	Vitamin A	53-62	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	76-84
23363776-4	2012	The levels of Foxp3 expression in phytohemagglutinin-activated cells were much higher in the patients who received vitamin A than in placebo-treated patients and healthy controls, while Foxp3 gene expression in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-activated cells showed no significant differences between all groups (p=0.357).	Vitamin A	115-124	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	14-19
23363776-6	2012	TGF-beta gene expression in oxidized low-density lipoprotein-activated cells increased in all groups; however, these changes were not statistically significant (p=0.65); the changes obtained were 2.8-, 2.2- and 3.9-fold in the vitamin A, placebo, and control groups, respectively.	Vitamin A	227-236	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	0-8
23419398-7	2012	Vitamin A treatment also demonstrated a significantly decreased level of C-reactive protein (p<0.05) and myeloperoxidase activity (p<0.01).	Vitamin A	0-9	C-reactive protein	Rattus norvegicus	73-91
23419398-7	2012	Vitamin A treatment also demonstrated a significantly decreased level of C-reactive protein (p<0.05) and myeloperoxidase activity (p<0.01).	Vitamin A	0-9	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	108-123
22509104-1	2012	PURPOSE: Retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein 65 kDa (RPE65) plays an essential role in vitamin A metabolism necessary for synthesizing the visual pigment 11-cis-retinal chromophore.	Vitamin A	95-104	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	9-59
22509104-1	2012	PURPOSE: Retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein 65 kDa (RPE65) plays an essential role in vitamin A metabolism necessary for synthesizing the visual pigment 11-cis-retinal chromophore.	Vitamin A	95-104	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	61-66
22844251-6	2012	Reducing Rh1 levels in rh1 mutants or depriving flies of vitamin A rescued photoreceptor cell death in fatp mutant flies.	Vitamin A	57-66	Fatty acid transport protein 1	Drosophila melanogaster	103-107
23071590-14	2012	The decreases of RALDHs and RARs mRNA expression induced by vitamin A deprivation suggest that vertebral birth defects may be caused by a defect in RA signaling pathway during somitogenesis.	Vitamin A	60-69	arginyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
23028851-9	2012	Retinol and retinal dose- and time-dependently induced the expression of RA responsive Cyp26a1 gene in hepatocytes and hepatoma cells.	Vitamin A	0-7	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-94
23028851-14	2012	The elevated hepatic expression of Raldh1 in ZF rats may cause the excessive RA production from retinol, and in turn, result in higher Srebp-1c expression.	Vitamin A	96-103	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
22973437-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetrameric serum and cerebrospinal fluid protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol by binding to retinol binding protein.	Vitamin A	125-132	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	12-25
22973437-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetrameric serum and cerebrospinal fluid protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol by binding to retinol binding protein.	Vitamin A	125-132	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	27-30
22666498-2	2012	Expression of the gut-specific homing receptors integrin-alpha4beta7 and chemokine receptor CCR9 on T cells is imprinted in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) under the influence of the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	190-199	atypical chemokine receptor 2	Homo sapiens	18-96
22151790-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The kidneys are essential for the metabolism of vitamin A (retinol) and its transport proteins retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and transthyretin.	Vitamin A	60-69	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	107-132
22319578-0	2012	RDH10 oxidation of Vitamin A is a critical control step in synthesis of retinoic acid during mouse embryogenesis.	Vitamin A	19-28	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	0-5
22319578-5	2012	The first requires retinol dehydrogenase (RDH) activity to oxidize Vitamin A (retinol) to retinal, and the second requires retinaldehyde activity (RALDH) to oxidize retinal into RA.	Vitamin A	67-76	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	19-40
22319578-5	2012	The first requires retinol dehydrogenase (RDH) activity to oxidize Vitamin A (retinol) to retinal, and the second requires retinaldehyde activity (RALDH) to oxidize retinal into RA.	Vitamin A	67-76	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	42-45
22319578-5	2012	The first requires retinol dehydrogenase (RDH) activity to oxidize Vitamin A (retinol) to retinal, and the second requires retinaldehyde activity (RALDH) to oxidize retinal into RA.	Vitamin A	19-26	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	42-45
22319578-12	2012	The severity of the Rdh10 null phenotype demonstrates that embryonic oxidation of retinol is carried out primarily by RDH10 and that neither ADHs nor other enzymes contribute significantly to this reaction.	Vitamin A	82-89	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	20-25
22319578-12	2012	The severity of the Rdh10 null phenotype demonstrates that embryonic oxidation of retinol is carried out primarily by RDH10 and that neither ADHs nor other enzymes contribute significantly to this reaction.	Vitamin A	82-89	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	118-123
22319578-14	2012	These data demonstrate that RDH10 plays a critical role in mediating the rate limiting RDH step of Vitamin A metabolism and functions as a nodal point in feedback regulation of RA synthesis.	Vitamin A	99-108	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	28-33
22319578-14	2012	These data demonstrate that RDH10 plays a critical role in mediating the rate limiting RDH step of Vitamin A metabolism and functions as a nodal point in feedback regulation of RA synthesis.	Vitamin A	99-108	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	28-31
22319578-15	2012	Moreover, RDH10-mediated oxidation of retinol plays as important a role in the control and regulation of RA production during embryogenesis as does the subsequent RALDH-mediated reaction.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	10-15
22079120-2	2012	Small intestine (SI) CD103(+) DCs have an enhanced capacity to generate the vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid, a property that underlies their ability to induce the gut homing receptors CC chemokine receptor 9 and alpha4beta7 on responding T and B cells, and enhance forkhead box P3(+) T regulatory and IgA plasma cell differentiation in vitro.	Vitamin A	76-85	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	269-284
22151790-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The kidneys are essential for the metabolism of vitamin A (retinol) and its transport proteins retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and transthyretin.	Vitamin A	60-69	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	134-138
22151790-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The kidneys are essential for the metabolism of vitamin A (retinol) and its transport proteins retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and transthyretin.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	107-132
22151790-1	2011	BACKGROUND: The kidneys are essential for the metabolism of vitamin A (retinol) and its transport proteins retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and transthyretin.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	134-138
22071705-11	2011	The inverse association for dietary vitamin A (upper compared with lower quintiles: IRR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.97; P-trend = 0.01) appeared to be driven by preformed vitamin A (animal sources), not provitamin A (fruit and vegetable sources).	Vitamin A	36-45	insulin receptor related receptor	Homo sapiens	84-87
22071705-11	2011	The inverse association for dietary vitamin A (upper compared with lower quintiles: IRR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.97; P-trend = 0.01) appeared to be driven by preformed vitamin A (animal sources), not provitamin A (fruit and vegetable sources).	Vitamin A	166-175	insulin receptor related receptor	Homo sapiens	84-87
21736776-6	2011	Increased total bilirubin, liver transaminases and prothrombin time, presence of hepatic encephalopathy and ascites were related to reduced serum retinol levels, and values <= 0 78 mumol/l of serum retinol were associated with liver-related death.	Vitamin A	146-153	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	51-62
21939757-3	2011	Megalin has been hypothesized to be part of the retinol storage system in liver.	Vitamin A	48-55	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2	Mus musculus	0-7
21901792-6	2011	STRA6 encodes a transmembrane receptor involved in vitamin A uptake, a process essential to eye development and growth.	Vitamin A	51-60	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
21878437-3	2011	We identified two independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with circulating retinol levels, which are located near the transthyretin (TTR) and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) genes which encode major carrier proteins of retinol: rs1667255 (P =2.30x 10(-17)) and rs10882272 (P =6.04x 10(-12)).	Vitamin A	90-97	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	148-151
21878437-3	2011	We identified two independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with circulating retinol levels, which are located near the transthyretin (TTR) and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) genes which encode major carrier proteins of retinol: rs1667255 (P =2.30x 10(-17)) and rs10882272 (P =6.04x 10(-12)).	Vitamin A	90-97	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	157-182
21878437-3	2011	We identified two independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with circulating retinol levels, which are located near the transthyretin (TTR) and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) genes which encode major carrier proteins of retinol: rs1667255 (P =2.30x 10(-17)) and rs10882272 (P =6.04x 10(-12)).	Vitamin A	90-97	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	184-188
24038496-0	2011	Integration of deworming into an existing immunisation and vitamin A supplementation campaign is a highly effective approach to maximise health benefits with minimal cost in Lao PDR.	Vitamin A	59-68	interleukin 4 induced 1	Homo sapiens	174-177
22049292-1	2011	Variation in the relationship between plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and retinol (ROH) has implications for vitamin A (VA) status assessment using RBP.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	70-73
22049292-1	2011	Variation in the relationship between plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and retinol (ROH) has implications for vitamin A (VA) status assessment using RBP.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	153-156
22049292-1	2011	Variation in the relationship between plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and retinol (ROH) has implications for vitamin A (VA) status assessment using RBP.	Vitamin A	79-86	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	70-73
22049292-1	2011	Variation in the relationship between plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and retinol (ROH) has implications for vitamin A (VA) status assessment using RBP.	Vitamin A	79-86	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	153-156
22049292-1	2011	Variation in the relationship between plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and retinol (ROH) has implications for vitamin A (VA) status assessment using RBP.	Vitamin A	114-123	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	70-73
22179182-2	2011	CYP26A1, the gene encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme specifically involved in metabolic inactivation of retinoic acid (RA), the most active vitamin A derivative, has been shown to result in a state of functional VAD of the cell.	Vitamin A	139-148	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
22098747-1	2011	Transthyretin (TTR) is a largely beta-sheet serum protein responsible for transporting thyroxine and vitamin A.	Vitamin A	101-110	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
22098747-1	2011	Transthyretin (TTR) is a largely beta-sheet serum protein responsible for transporting thyroxine and vitamin A.	Vitamin A	101-110	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
22583129-0	2012	Topical delivery of retinol emulsions co-stabilised by PEO-PCL-PEO triblock copolymers: effect of PCL block length.	Vitamin A	20-27	PHD finger protein 1	Homo sapiens	59-62
22583129-1	2012	This article describes enhanced skin permeation and UV/thermal stability of retinol emulsions by the co-stabilisation of Tween20 and biodegradable poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PCL-PEO) triblock copolymers having different lengths of hydrophobic PCL block.	Vitamin A	76-83	PHD finger protein 1	Homo sapiens	233-236
22583129-6	2012	Employment of the triblock copolymer with a longer PCL block increased both UV and thermal stabilization of the retinol.	Vitamin A	112-119	PHD finger protein 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
22583129-7	2012	These results suggest that HLB and PCL block length are important factors to enhance the topical delivery of retinol into the skin.	Vitamin A	109-116	PHD finger protein 1	Homo sapiens	35-38
22128213-0	2011	Correlation between vitamin A, E, coenzyme Q(10) and degree of insulin resistance in obese and non-obese subjects.	Vitamin A	20-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
22128213-1	2011	The aim of the present study was to investigate correlation between plasma vitamin A, vitamin E, serum coenzyme Q(10) levels and degree of insulin resistance in obese and normal weight people.	Vitamin A	75-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
21901792-7	2011	We have shown that the G304K mutant STRA6 protein is mislocalized and has severely reduced vitamin A uptake activity.	Vitamin A	91-100	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	36-41
21774515-3	2011	Through this mechanism, cells take up vitamin A bound with high affinity to retinol binding protein (RBP) in the blood.	Vitamin A	38-47	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	76-99
21442217-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Retinol-binding protein (RBP) 4, a human adipokine that specifically binds to retinol, has been reported to provide a link between obesity and insulin resistance.	Vitamin A	90-97	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-43
21442217-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Retinol-binding protein (RBP) 4, a human adipokine that specifically binds to retinol, has been reported to provide a link between obesity and insulin resistance.	Vitamin A	90-97	insulin	Homo sapiens	155-162
21807062-0	2011	Vitamin A (retinol) up-regulates the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) through p38 and Akt oxidant-dependent activation.	Vitamin A	0-9	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	82-86
21807062-0	2011	Vitamin A (retinol) up-regulates the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) through p38 and Akt oxidant-dependent activation.	Vitamin A	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	96-99
21807062-0	2011	Vitamin A (retinol) up-regulates the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) through p38 and Akt oxidant-dependent activation.	Vitamin A	0-9	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	104-107
21807062-0	2011	Vitamin A (retinol) up-regulates the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) through p38 and Akt oxidant-dependent activation.	Vitamin A	11-18	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	82-86
21807062-0	2011	Vitamin A (retinol) up-regulates the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) through p38 and Akt oxidant-dependent activation.	Vitamin A	11-18	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	96-99
21807062-0	2011	Vitamin A (retinol) up-regulates the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) through p38 and Akt oxidant-dependent activation.	Vitamin A	11-18	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	104-107
21807062-5	2011	Here, we investigated the involvement of different mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK: ERK1/2, p38 and JNK), PKC, PKA and Akt in the up-regulation of RAGE by retinol.	Vitamin A	163-170	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	92-98
21807062-5	2011	Here, we investigated the involvement of different mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK: ERK1/2, p38 and JNK), PKC, PKA and Akt in the up-regulation of RAGE by retinol.	Vitamin A	163-170	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	155-159
21807062-6	2011	As previously reported, we observed that the increase in RAGE immunocontent by retinol is reversed by antioxidant co-treatment, indicating the involvement of oxidative stress in this process.	Vitamin A	79-86	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	57-61
21807062-7	2011	Furthermore, the p38 inhibitor SB203580 and the Akt inhibitor LY294002 also decreased the effect of retinol on RAGE levels, suggesting the involvement of these protein kinases in such effect.	Vitamin A	100-107	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	17-20
21807062-7	2011	Furthermore, the p38 inhibitor SB203580 and the Akt inhibitor LY294002 also decreased the effect of retinol on RAGE levels, suggesting the involvement of these protein kinases in such effect.	Vitamin A	100-107	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	48-51
21807062-7	2011	Furthermore, the p38 inhibitor SB203580 and the Akt inhibitor LY294002 also decreased the effect of retinol on RAGE levels, suggesting the involvement of these protein kinases in such effect.	Vitamin A	100-107	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	111-115
21807062-8	2011	Both p38 and Akt phosphorylation were increased by treatment with pro-oxidant concentrations of retinol, and the antioxidant co-treatment blocked this effect, indicating that activation of p38 and Akt during retinol treatment is dependent on reactive species production.	Vitamin A	96-103	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	5-8
21807062-8	2011	Both p38 and Akt phosphorylation were increased by treatment with pro-oxidant concentrations of retinol, and the antioxidant co-treatment blocked this effect, indicating that activation of p38 and Akt during retinol treatment is dependent on reactive species production.	Vitamin A	96-103	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	13-16
21807062-8	2011	Both p38 and Akt phosphorylation were increased by treatment with pro-oxidant concentrations of retinol, and the antioxidant co-treatment blocked this effect, indicating that activation of p38 and Akt during retinol treatment is dependent on reactive species production.	Vitamin A	96-103	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	189-192
21807062-8	2011	Both p38 and Akt phosphorylation were increased by treatment with pro-oxidant concentrations of retinol, and the antioxidant co-treatment blocked this effect, indicating that activation of p38 and Akt during retinol treatment is dependent on reactive species production.	Vitamin A	96-103	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	197-200
21807062-8	2011	Both p38 and Akt phosphorylation were increased by treatment with pro-oxidant concentrations of retinol, and the antioxidant co-treatment blocked this effect, indicating that activation of p38 and Akt during retinol treatment is dependent on reactive species production.	Vitamin A	208-215	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	5-8
21807062-8	2011	Both p38 and Akt phosphorylation were increased by treatment with pro-oxidant concentrations of retinol, and the antioxidant co-treatment blocked this effect, indicating that activation of p38 and Akt during retinol treatment is dependent on reactive species production.	Vitamin A	208-215	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	13-16
21807062-8	2011	Both p38 and Akt phosphorylation were increased by treatment with pro-oxidant concentrations of retinol, and the antioxidant co-treatment blocked this effect, indicating that activation of p38 and Akt during retinol treatment is dependent on reactive species production.	Vitamin A	208-215	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	189-192
21807062-8	2011	Both p38 and Akt phosphorylation were increased by treatment with pro-oxidant concentrations of retinol, and the antioxidant co-treatment blocked this effect, indicating that activation of p38 and Akt during retinol treatment is dependent on reactive species production.	Vitamin A	208-215	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	197-200
21807062-10	2011	Altogether, these data indicate that RAGE up-regulation by retinol is mediated by the free radical-dependent activation of p38 and Akt.	Vitamin A	59-66	advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor	Homo sapiens	37-41
21807062-10	2011	Altogether, these data indicate that RAGE up-regulation by retinol is mediated by the free radical-dependent activation of p38 and Akt.	Vitamin A	59-66	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	123-126
21807062-10	2011	Altogether, these data indicate that RAGE up-regulation by retinol is mediated by the free radical-dependent activation of p38 and Akt.	Vitamin A	59-66	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	131-134
22299423-2	2011	Retinol is carried and transported to the tissues bound to retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	59-84
22299423-2	2011	Retinol is carried and transported to the tissues bound to retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	86-90
22299423-2	2011	Retinol is carried and transported to the tissues bound to retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	0-7	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	96-109
22299423-2	2011	Retinol is carried and transported to the tissues bound to retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	0-7	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	111-114
22192505-0	2011	Vitamin A activates rhodopsin and sensitizes it to ultraviolet light.	Vitamin A	0-9	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	20-29
22192505-5	2011	Rod and cone photoreceptors contain vast amounts of rhodopsin, so after exposure to bright light, the concentration of vitamin A can reach relatively high levels within their outer segments.	Vitamin A	119-128	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	52-61
22192505-9	2011	Microspectrophotometric measurements showed that vitamin A accumulated in the outer segments and binding of vitamin A to rhodopsin was confirmed in in vitro assays.	Vitamin A	108-117	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	121-130
22192505-11	2011	Apparently, the energy of a UV photon absorbed by vitamin A transferred by a radiationless process to the 11-cis retinal chromophore of rhodopsin, which subsequently isomerized.	Vitamin A	50-59	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	136-145
22192505-12	2011	Therefore, our results suggest that vitamin A binds to rhodopsin at an allosteric binding site distinct from the chromophore binding pocket for 11-cis retinal to activate the rhodopsin, and that it serves as a sensitizing chromophore for UV light.	Vitamin A	36-45	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	55-64
22192505-12	2011	Therefore, our results suggest that vitamin A binds to rhodopsin at an allosteric binding site distinct from the chromophore binding pocket for 11-cis retinal to activate the rhodopsin, and that it serves as a sensitizing chromophore for UV light.	Vitamin A	36-45	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	175-184
21774515-3	2011	Through this mechanism, cells take up vitamin A bound with high affinity to retinol binding protein (RBP) in the blood.	Vitamin A	38-47	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	101-104
21774515-5	2011	STRA6 is essential for the proper functioning of multiple human organs, but the mechanisms that enable and control its cellular vitamin A uptake activity are unknown.	Vitamin A	128-137	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
21774515-6	2011	We found that STRA6-mediated vitamin A uptake is tightly coupled to specific intracellular retinoid storage proteins, but no single intracellular protein is absolutely required for its transport activity.	Vitamin A	29-38	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	14-19
21774515-7	2011	By developing sensitive real-time monitoring techniques, we found that STRA6 is not only a membrane receptor but also catalyzes vitamin A release from RBP.	Vitamin A	128-137	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	71-76
21774515-7	2011	By developing sensitive real-time monitoring techniques, we found that STRA6 is not only a membrane receptor but also catalyzes vitamin A release from RBP.	Vitamin A	128-137	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	151-154
21774515-8	2011	However, vitamin A released from RBP by STRA6 inhibits further vitamin A release by STRA6 unless specific intracellular retinoid storage proteins relieve this inhibition.	Vitamin A	9-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	33-36
21774515-8	2011	However, vitamin A released from RBP by STRA6 inhibits further vitamin A release by STRA6 unless specific intracellular retinoid storage proteins relieve this inhibition.	Vitamin A	9-18	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	40-45
21774515-8	2011	However, vitamin A released from RBP by STRA6 inhibits further vitamin A release by STRA6 unless specific intracellular retinoid storage proteins relieve this inhibition.	Vitamin A	9-18	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	84-89
21774515-8	2011	However, vitamin A released from RBP by STRA6 inhibits further vitamin A release by STRA6 unless specific intracellular retinoid storage proteins relieve this inhibition.	Vitamin A	63-72	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	33-36
21774515-8	2011	However, vitamin A released from RBP by STRA6 inhibits further vitamin A release by STRA6 unless specific intracellular retinoid storage proteins relieve this inhibition.	Vitamin A	63-72	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	40-45
21774515-8	2011	However, vitamin A released from RBP by STRA6 inhibits further vitamin A release by STRA6 unless specific intracellular retinoid storage proteins relieve this inhibition.	Vitamin A	63-72	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	84-89
21930923-5	2011	The retinol-to-retinaldehyde conversion was thought to be achieved by several redundant enzymes; however, a random mutagenesis screen identified retinol dehydrogenase 10 [Rdh10(Trex) allele; Sandell LL, et al.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	145-169
21930923-5	2011	The retinol-to-retinaldehyde conversion was thought to be achieved by several redundant enzymes; however, a random mutagenesis screen identified retinol dehydrogenase 10 [Rdh10(Trex) allele; Sandell LL, et al.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	171-176
21771631-8	2011	The activity of glutathione-S-transferase was modulated by vitamin A supplementation.	Vitamin A	59-68	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	16-41
21466649-0	2011	Vitamin A improves insulin sensitivity by increasing insulin receptor phosphorylation through protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B regulation at early age in obese rats of WNIN/Ob strain.	Vitamin A	0-9	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	53-69
21466649-0	2011	Vitamin A improves insulin sensitivity by increasing insulin receptor phosphorylation through protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B regulation at early age in obese rats of WNIN/Ob strain.	Vitamin A	0-9	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-125
21466649-2	2011	Compared with stock diet-fed obese rats, vitamin A-enriched diet-fed obese rats had reduced body weight gain, visceral adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity as evidenced by decreased fasting plasma insulin and unaltered glucose levels, which could possibly be due to higher phosphorylation of soleus muscle insulin receptor.	Vitamin A	41-50	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	312-328
21466649-5	2011	In conclusion, chronic feeding of vitamin A-enriched diet to obese rats at an early age ameliorates visceral adiposity and improves the insulin sensitivity, possibly by decreasing soleus muscle PTP1B levels.	Vitamin A	34-43	protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1	Rattus norvegicus	194-199
21782811-0	2011	RDH10 is the primary enzyme responsible for the first step of embryonic Vitamin A metabolism and retinoic acid synthesis.	Vitamin A	72-81	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	0-5
21618588-6	2011	In spite of its lower potency, increased Hoxa1 gene expression was detected 30 min after retinol exposure and increased 40-fold by 2 h. Rdh10 and Aldh1a2/Raldh2, which together convert retinol to atRA in the embryo, were the predominant alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases expressed in P19 cells.	Vitamin A	89-96	homeobox A1	Mus musculus	41-46
21618588-6	2011	In spite of its lower potency, increased Hoxa1 gene expression was detected 30 min after retinol exposure and increased 40-fold by 2 h. Rdh10 and Aldh1a2/Raldh2, which together convert retinol to atRA in the embryo, were the predominant alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases expressed in P19 cells.	Vitamin A	89-96	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	136-141
21618588-6	2011	In spite of its lower potency, increased Hoxa1 gene expression was detected 30 min after retinol exposure and increased 40-fold by 2 h. Rdh10 and Aldh1a2/Raldh2, which together convert retinol to atRA in the embryo, were the predominant alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases expressed in P19 cells.	Vitamin A	89-96	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	146-153
21618588-6	2011	In spite of its lower potency, increased Hoxa1 gene expression was detected 30 min after retinol exposure and increased 40-fold by 2 h. Rdh10 and Aldh1a2/Raldh2, which together convert retinol to atRA in the embryo, were the predominant alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases expressed in P19 cells.	Vitamin A	89-96	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	154-160
21618588-6	2011	In spite of its lower potency, increased Hoxa1 gene expression was detected 30 min after retinol exposure and increased 40-fold by 2 h. Rdh10 and Aldh1a2/Raldh2, which together convert retinol to atRA in the embryo, were the predominant alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases expressed in P19 cells.	Vitamin A	185-192	homeobox A1	Mus musculus	41-46
21618588-6	2011	In spite of its lower potency, increased Hoxa1 gene expression was detected 30 min after retinol exposure and increased 40-fold by 2 h. Rdh10 and Aldh1a2/Raldh2, which together convert retinol to atRA in the embryo, were the predominant alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases expressed in P19 cells.	Vitamin A	185-192	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	136-141
21618588-6	2011	In spite of its lower potency, increased Hoxa1 gene expression was detected 30 min after retinol exposure and increased 40-fold by 2 h. Rdh10 and Aldh1a2/Raldh2, which together convert retinol to atRA in the embryo, were the predominant alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases expressed in P19 cells.	Vitamin A	185-192	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	146-153
21618588-6	2011	In spite of its lower potency, increased Hoxa1 gene expression was detected 30 min after retinol exposure and increased 40-fold by 2 h. Rdh10 and Aldh1a2/Raldh2, which together convert retinol to atRA in the embryo, were the predominant alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases expressed in P19 cells.	Vitamin A	185-192	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	154-160
21795711-8	2011	Finally, by knocking out the retinol-binding protein (RBP) gene in the MCK-L0 background (MCK-L0-RBP(-/-) mice) we demonstrated that the placenta acquires dietary retinoids also via the maternal circulating RBP-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	54-57
21795711-8	2011	Finally, by knocking out the retinol-binding protein (RBP) gene in the MCK-L0 background (MCK-L0-RBP(-/-) mice) we demonstrated that the placenta acquires dietary retinoids also via the maternal circulating RBP-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	29-36	creatine kinase, muscle	Mus musculus	71-74
21795711-8	2011	Finally, by knocking out the retinol-binding protein (RBP) gene in the MCK-L0 background (MCK-L0-RBP(-/-) mice) we demonstrated that the placenta acquires dietary retinoids also via the maternal circulating RBP-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	29-36	creatine kinase, muscle	Mus musculus	90-93
21795711-8	2011	Finally, by knocking out the retinol-binding protein (RBP) gene in the MCK-L0 background (MCK-L0-RBP(-/-) mice) we demonstrated that the placenta acquires dietary retinoids also via the maternal circulating RBP-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	97-100
21795711-8	2011	Finally, by knocking out the retinol-binding protein (RBP) gene in the MCK-L0 background (MCK-L0-RBP(-/-) mice) we demonstrated that the placenta acquires dietary retinoids also via the maternal circulating RBP-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	97-100
21782811-4	2011	Using Rdh10(trex)-mutant embryos, dietary supplementation of retinaldehyde, and retinol dehydrogenase (RDH) activity assays, we demonstrate that RDH10 is the primary RDH responsible for the first step of embryonic Vitamin A oxidation.	Vitamin A	214-223	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	145-150
21782811-4	2011	Using Rdh10(trex)-mutant embryos, dietary supplementation of retinaldehyde, and retinol dehydrogenase (RDH) activity assays, we demonstrate that RDH10 is the primary RDH responsible for the first step of embryonic Vitamin A oxidation.	Vitamin A	214-223	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	145-148
21777382-8	2011	These results suggest an influence of the N-terminal primary structure of TTR on its function as a co-carrier for retinol with RBP.	Vitamin A	114-121	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	74-77
21777382-8	2011	These results suggest an influence of the N-terminal primary structure of TTR on its function as a co-carrier for retinol with RBP.	Vitamin A	114-121	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	127-130
20821348-1	2011	Bexarotene is an RXR-selective vitamin A analog that has been shown to prevent ER-negative mammary tumorigenesis in animal models.	Vitamin A	31-40	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	17-20
21519922-6	2011	Retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid (RA) induced Pck1 expression dose-dependently in primary hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	0-7	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
21816673-2	2011	These cells originate in the lamina propria (LP) and migrate to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), where they drive the differentiation of gut-homing FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells by producing retinoic acid from dietary vitamin A.	Vitamin A	218-227	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	150-155
21676174-2	2011	RPE65 is the isomerohydrolase in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) that converts all-trans retinyl ester to 11-cis retinol, a key step in the visual cycle for regenerating 11cRAL.	Vitamin A	111-125	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	0-5
21698677-6	2011	The limits of detection were 0.10 muM for all-trans retinol and 3.3 nM for 25-OH D2 and 25-OH D3.	Vitamin A	52-59	latexin	Homo sapiens	34-37
21392258-4	2011	The degree of impact on the different parameters of lipid metabolism depends on the nature of the vitamin A derivative on the one hand due to different receptor specific binding interactions (RAR/RXR), while on the other hand posttranslational processes also play a major role.	Vitamin A	98-107	RAB40B, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	192-195
21392258-4	2011	The degree of impact on the different parameters of lipid metabolism depends on the nature of the vitamin A derivative on the one hand due to different receptor specific binding interactions (RAR/RXR), while on the other hand posttranslational processes also play a major role.	Vitamin A	98-107	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	196-199
21670153-1	2011	Cellular retinol-binding protein type I (CrbpI), encoded by Rpb1, serves as a chaperone of retinol homeostasis, but its physiological effects remain incompletely understood.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	41-46
21670153-1	2011	Cellular retinol-binding protein type I (CrbpI), encoded by Rpb1, serves as a chaperone of retinol homeostasis, but its physiological effects remain incompletely understood.	Vitamin A	9-16	polymerase (RNA) II (DNA directed) polypeptide A	Mus musculus	60-64
21670153-3	2011	The Rbp1(-/-) pancreas has increased retinol and intense ectopic expression of Rpb2 mRNA, which encodes CrbpII: both would contribute to increased beta-cell 9cRA biosynthesis.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	4-8
21670153-9	2011	Thus, glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism rely on Rbp1 expression and its moderation of pancreas retinol and of the autacoid 9cRA.	Vitamin A	103-110	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	56-60
21591606-1	2011	Serum retinol binding protein (sRBP) is released from the liver as a complex with transthyretin (TTR), a process under the control of dietary retinol.	Vitamin A	6-13	sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
21596042-1	2011	BACKGROUND & AIMS: Gut-associated dendritic cells (DC) metabolize vitamin A into all-trans retinoic acid (RA), which is required to induce lymphocytes to localize to the gastrointestinal tract and promotes the differentiation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells and IgA antibody-secreting cells.	Vitamin A	70-79	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	233-238
21289617-1	2011	Small intestinal lamina propria (SI-LP) CD103(+) dendritic cells (DCs) are imprinted with an ability to metabolize vitamin A (retinol), a property underlying their enhanced capacity to induce the gut-homing receptors CC chemokine receptor-9 and alpha4beta7 on responding T cells.	Vitamin A	115-124	integrin alpha E, epithelial-associated	Mus musculus	40-45
21289617-1	2011	Small intestinal lamina propria (SI-LP) CD103(+) dendritic cells (DCs) are imprinted with an ability to metabolize vitamin A (retinol), a property underlying their enhanced capacity to induce the gut-homing receptors CC chemokine receptor-9 and alpha4beta7 on responding T cells.	Vitamin A	126-133	integrin alpha E, epithelial-associated	Mus musculus	40-45
21289617-2	2011	In this study, we demonstrate that imprinting of CD103(+) DCs is itself critically dependent on vitamin A and occurs locally within the small intestine (SI).	Vitamin A	96-105	integrin alpha E, epithelial-associated	Mus musculus	49-54
21730941-13	2011	All-trans retinol is then transferred out of the outer segment and into neighboring cells by the specialized carrier Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein (IRBP).	Vitamin A	10-17	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	117-160
21730941-13	2011	All-trans retinol is then transferred out of the outer segment and into neighboring cells by the specialized carrier Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein (IRBP).	Vitamin A	10-17	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	162-166
20685100-0	2011	Retinol inhibits aromatase activity and expression in vitro.	Vitamin A	0-7	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	17-26
20685100-3	2011	We investigated the effect of retinol and selected retinoids on the activity and expression of aromatase in two human carcinoma cell lines in vitro.	Vitamin A	30-37	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	95-104
20685100-4	2011	Retinol (ROH) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) significantly inhibited aromatase activity in a concentration-dependent manner in microsomes isolated from JEG-3 human placental carcinoma cells, whereas 9-cis and 13-cis retinoic acid had significant inhibitory activity only at the highest concentrations tested.	Vitamin A	0-7	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	73-82
21232531-1	2011	Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) is a microsomal enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of all-trans-retinaldehyde to all-trans-retinol when expressed in cells.	Vitamin A	115-132	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Homo sapiens	0-24
21232531-1	2011	Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) is a microsomal enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of all-trans-retinaldehyde to all-trans-retinol when expressed in cells.	Vitamin A	115-132	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Homo sapiens	26-31
21464132-1	2011	Accumulation of vitamin A-derived lipofuscin fluorophores in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a pathologic feature of recessive Stargardt macular dystrophy, a blinding disease caused by dysfunction or loss of the ABCA4 transporter in rods and cones.	Vitamin A	16-25	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 4	Mus musculus	220-225
21460203-3	2011	We recently identified the vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), as a key controller that promotes TGF-beta-dependent Foxp3(+) Treg induction but inhibits TGF-beta-driven Th17 differentiation.	Vitamin A	27-36	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	103-111
21460203-3	2011	We recently identified the vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), as a key controller that promotes TGF-beta-dependent Foxp3(+) Treg induction but inhibits TGF-beta-driven Th17 differentiation.	Vitamin A	27-36	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	122-127
21460203-3	2011	We recently identified the vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), as a key controller that promotes TGF-beta-dependent Foxp3(+) Treg induction but inhibits TGF-beta-driven Th17 differentiation.	Vitamin A	27-36	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	159-167
21454509-7	2011	Thus, we initially investigated the production of these lipid droplets in experimental cell lines expressing lecithin:retinol acyltransferase, a key enzyme involved in formation of retinyl ester-containing retinosomes from all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	227-240	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Bos taurus	109-141
21514413-6	2011	Aberrantly expressed RA signaling molecules included i) the retinol-binding protein CRBP1, which facilitates cellular retinoid uptake; ii) ALDH1A1, capable of activating RA precursors; iii) the RA-degrading enzyme CYP26B1; and iv) the RA-binding protein FABP5, which can inhibit RA-induced differentiation.	Vitamin A	60-67	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
21382444-1	2011	BACKGROUND: Cellular retinol binding-protein I (CRBPI) and cellular retinol binding-protein II (CRBPII) serve as intracellular retinoid chaperones that bind retinol and retinal with high affinity and facilitate substrate delivery to select enzymes that catalyze retinoic acid (RA) and retinyl ester biosynthesis.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
21285397-9	2011	Finally, we demonstrate unequivocally that beta-carotene can serve as an alternative vitamin A source for the in situ synthesis of retinoids in developing tissues by the action of CMOI.	Vitamin A	85-94	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	180-184
21488975-6	2011	In skin equivalent cultures, all-trans retinoic acid (RA), the major bioactive form of vitamin A in skin, significantly increased type I procollagen and reduced collagenase (matrix metalloproteinases-1, MMP-1).	Vitamin A	87-96	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	130-201
21488975-9	2011	Topical treatment with retinol (vitamin A, 0.4%) for 7days significantly reduced CCN1 mRNA and protein expression in both chronologically aged (80+years) and photoaged human skin in vivo, compared to vehicle-treated skin.	Vitamin A	23-30	cellular communication network factor 1	Homo sapiens	81-85
21488975-9	2011	Topical treatment with retinol (vitamin A, 0.4%) for 7days significantly reduced CCN1 mRNA and protein expression in both chronologically aged (80+years) and photoaged human skin in vivo, compared to vehicle-treated skin.	Vitamin A	32-41	cellular communication network factor 1	Homo sapiens	81-85
21696642-2	2011	So far, no studies have reported the effect of dietary vitamin A on 11beta-HSD1 activity in visceral fat and liver under normal and obese conditions.	Vitamin A	55-64	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-79
21696642-3	2011	Here, we studied the effect of chronic feeding of vitamin A-enriched diet (129 mg/kg diet) on 11beta-HSD1 activity in liver and visceral fat of WNIN/Ob lean and obese rats.	Vitamin A	50-59	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-105
21696642-8	2011	RESULTS: Vitamin A supplementation significantly decreased body weight, visceral fat mass and 11beta-HSD1 activity in visceral fat of WNIN/Ob obese rats.	Vitamin A	9-18	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-105
21696642-9	2011	Hepatic 11beta-HSD1 activity and gene expression were significantly reduced by vitamin A supplementation in both the phenotypes.	Vitamin A	79-88	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-19
21696642-10	2011	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha), the main transcription factor essential for the expression of 11beta-HSD1, decreased in liver of vitamin A fed-obese rats, but not in lean rats.	Vitamin A	148-157	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-36
21696642-10	2011	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha), the main transcription factor essential for the expression of 11beta-HSD1, decreased in liver of vitamin A fed-obese rats, but not in lean rats.	Vitamin A	148-157	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	38-48
21696642-10	2011	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha), the main transcription factor essential for the expression of 11beta-HSD1, decreased in liver of vitamin A fed-obese rats, but not in lean rats.	Vitamin A	148-157	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-124
21696642-11	2011	Liver x receptor alpha (LXRalpha), a nuclear transcription factor which is known to downregulate 11beta-HSD1 gene expression was significantly increased by vitamin A supplementation in both the phenotypes.	Vitamin A	156-165	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-22
21696642-11	2011	Liver x receptor alpha (LXRalpha), a nuclear transcription factor which is known to downregulate 11beta-HSD1 gene expression was significantly increased by vitamin A supplementation in both the phenotypes.	Vitamin A	156-165	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 3	Rattus norvegicus	24-32
21696642-11	2011	Liver x receptor alpha (LXRalpha), a nuclear transcription factor which is known to downregulate 11beta-HSD1 gene expression was significantly increased by vitamin A supplementation in both the phenotypes.	Vitamin A	156-165	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-108
21696642-12	2011	CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that chronic consumption of vitamin A-enriched diet decreases 11beta-HSD1 activity in liver and visceral fat of WNIN/Ob obese rats.	Vitamin A	61-70	hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 5	Rattus norvegicus	80-106
21696642-13	2011	Decreased 11beta-HSD1 activity by vitamin A may result in decreased levels of active glucocorticoids in adipose tissue and possibly contribute to visceral fat loss in these obese rats.	Vitamin A	34-43	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-21
21446919-2	2011	The isomerohydrolase RPE65, a membrane-associated enzyme, converts atRE (all-trans-retinyl ester) to 11-cis-retinol, a key step in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	101-115	RPE65, retinoid isomerohydrolase	Gallus gallus	21-26
21398289-2	2011	This study was undertaken to determine whether all-trans retinol formation depends on Abca4, arrestin, rhodopsin kinase, and the palmitylation of rhodopsin, all of which are factors that affect the release and sequestration of all-trans retinal.	Vitamin A	57-64	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 4	Mus musculus	86-91
21398289-2	2011	This study was undertaken to determine whether all-trans retinol formation depends on Abca4, arrestin, rhodopsin kinase, and the palmitylation of rhodopsin, all of which are factors that affect the release and sequestration of all-trans retinal.	Vitamin A	57-64	S-antigen, retina and pineal gland (arrestin)	Mus musculus	93-101
21398289-2	2011	This study was undertaken to determine whether all-trans retinol formation depends on Abca4, arrestin, rhodopsin kinase, and the palmitylation of rhodopsin, all of which are factors that affect the release and sequestration of all-trans retinal.	Vitamin A	57-64	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1	Mus musculus	103-119
21398289-2	2011	This study was undertaken to determine whether all-trans retinol formation depends on Abca4, arrestin, rhodopsin kinase, and the palmitylation of rhodopsin, all of which are factors that affect the release and sequestration of all-trans retinal.	Vitamin A	57-64	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	103-112
21573029-9	2011	These results highlight the importance of monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis for maintaining retinol homeostasis and point to disturbed retinol metabolism as a novel contributor to the Scd1 deficiency-induced skin phenotype.	Vitamin A	138-145	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	187-191
21209416-4	2011	After culturing either whole testes or germ cells isolated from mice at 2 days postpartum (dpp) with WIN 18,446 or with WIN 18,446 plus ROL, Stra8 expression was suppressed, demonstrating that WIN 18,446 inhibited the conversion of ROL to RA in both systems.	Vitamin A	136-139	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8	Mus musculus	141-146
21266096-5	2011	Between the two enzymes involved in the bioconversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A, the activity of intestinal and hepatic beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase was either unaffected or lowered by these spice treatments.	Vitamin A	74-83	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-156
21412686-3	2011	We evaluated DPP IV and aminopeptidase N, both linked to malignancy in thyroid carcinoma, and dipeptidyl peptidase II activities in human follicular thyroid carcinoma cell lines upon treatment with retinol, apicidine, and lovastatin as differentiating agents.	Vitamin A	198-205	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-19
21412686-6	2011	Retinol treatment induced increases in thyroid-specific protein expression [thyroglobulin and sodium-iodide symporter (NIS)], increase in iodide uptake, and decrease in thymidine uptake accompanied by decrease in DPP IV activity.	Vitamin A	0-7	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	213-219
21591606-1	2011	Serum retinol binding protein (sRBP) is released from the liver as a complex with transthyretin (TTR), a process under the control of dietary retinol.	Vitamin A	6-13	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	82-95
21591606-1	2011	Serum retinol binding protein (sRBP) is released from the liver as a complex with transthyretin (TTR), a process under the control of dietary retinol.	Vitamin A	6-13	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	97-100
21411606-8	2011	Vitamin A-supplemented, GII-infected children had reduced MCP-1 and TNFalpha levels compared with GII-infected children in the placebo group (P-interaction = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively).	Vitamin A	0-9	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	58-63
21411606-8	2011	Vitamin A-supplemented, GII-infected children had reduced MCP-1 and TNFalpha levels compared with GII-infected children in the placebo group (P-interaction = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively).	Vitamin A	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	68-76
21422279-1	2011	Transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	78-85	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
21339507-5	2011	Mice fed a vitamin A-free diet exhibited increased activation of hepatic mPlrp2 and mClps expression, which was associated with increased methylation of histone H3K4 residues located near the mPlrp2 and mClps promoters.	Vitamin A	11-20	pancreatic lipase-related protein 2	Mus musculus	73-79
21339507-5	2011	Mice fed a vitamin A-free diet exhibited increased activation of hepatic mPlrp2 and mClps expression, which was associated with increased methylation of histone H3K4 residues located near the mPlrp2 and mClps promoters.	Vitamin A	11-20	pancreatic lipase-related protein 2	Mus musculus	192-198
21339507-6	2011	Inhibition of hepatic mPlrp2 and mClps expression by a methylase inhibitor, methylthioadenosine, markedly decreased plasma retinol levels in these mice.	Vitamin A	123-130	pancreatic lipase-related protein 2	Mus musculus	22-28
21156399-11	2011	CONCLUSION: RBP concentrations appear to decrease in the presence of long-term DDT uptake, which may have deleterious effects on thyroid function and vitamin A nutritional status.	Vitamin A	150-159	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-15
21480338-11	2011	Production of retinol metabolites by HSCs contributed to SOCS1 induction and subsequently inhibited IFN-gamma signaling and functioning, whereas production of TGF-beta by HSCs inhibited NK cell function and cytotoxicity against HSCs.	Vitamin A	14-21	suppressor of cytokine signaling 1	Mus musculus	57-62
21480338-11	2011	Production of retinol metabolites by HSCs contributed to SOCS1 induction and subsequently inhibited IFN-gamma signaling and functioning, whereas production of TGF-beta by HSCs inhibited NK cell function and cytotoxicity against HSCs.	Vitamin A	14-21	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	100-109
21430170-0	2011	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein as the physiologically relevant carrier of 11-cis-retinol in the cone visual cycle.	Vitamin A	87-101	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	0-43
21430170-6	2011	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is a retinoid-binding protein in the subretinal space that binds 11-cis-retinol endogenously.	Vitamin A	116-130	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	0-43
21430170-6	2011	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is a retinoid-binding protein in the subretinal space that binds 11-cis-retinol endogenously.	Vitamin A	116-130	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	45-49
21430170-7	2011	Cones in Irbp(-/-) mice are retinoid-deficient under photopic conditions, and it is possible that 11-cis-retinol supplies are disrupted in the absence of IRBP.	Vitamin A	98-112	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	9-13
21430170-8	2011	We tested the hypothesis that IRBP facilitates the delivery of 11-cis-retinol to cones by preserving the isomeric state of 11-cis-retinol in light.	Vitamin A	63-77	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	30-34
21430170-8	2011	We tested the hypothesis that IRBP facilitates the delivery of 11-cis-retinol to cones by preserving the isomeric state of 11-cis-retinol in light.	Vitamin A	123-137	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	30-34
21430170-10	2011	Then, using oxidation assays in isolated Nrl(-/-)Rpe65(-/-) retinas, we show that IRBP delivers 11-cis-retinol for oxidation in cones and improves the efficiency of the oxidation reaction.	Vitamin A	96-110	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	82-86
21430170-11	2011	Finally, we show that IRBP protects the isomeric state of 11-cis-retinol in the presence of light.	Vitamin A	58-72	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	22-26
21430170-12	2011	Together, these findings suggest that IRBP plays an important role in the delivery of 11-cis-retinol to cones and can facilitate cone function in the presence of light.	Vitamin A	86-100	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	38-42
21368206-0	2011	Signaling by vitamin A and retinol-binding protein regulates gene expression to inhibit insulin responses.	Vitamin A	13-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
21106934-3	2011	The roles of the family members BCMO1 and RPE65 for vitamin A production and vision have been well established.	Vitamin A	52-61	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
21106934-3	2011	The roles of the family members BCMO1 and RPE65 for vitamin A production and vision have been well established.	Vitamin A	52-61	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	42-47
21403633-9	2011	Moreover, recent work has determined that the vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) is the main molecular mechanism responsible for inducing gut-specific adhesion receptors (integrin a4b7and chemokine receptor CCR9) on lymphocytes.	Vitamin A	46-55	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9	Mus musculus	222-226
21188516-0	2011	Total and mitochondrial nitrosative stress, decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and glutamate uptake, and evidence of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the hippocampus of vitamin A-treated rats.	Vitamin A	191-200	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
21188516-4	2011	Then, we performed the present work to investigate the effects of vitamin A supplementation at clinical doses (1,000-9,000 IU/kg day(-1)) for 28 days on rat hippocampal nitrosative stress levels (both total and mitochondrial), bioenergetics states, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), alpha- and beta-synucleins, BiP and dopamine receptor 2 (D2 receptor) contents, and glutamate uptake.	Vitamin A	66-75	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	249-282
21188516-4	2011	Then, we performed the present work to investigate the effects of vitamin A supplementation at clinical doses (1,000-9,000 IU/kg day(-1)) for 28 days on rat hippocampal nitrosative stress levels (both total and mitochondrial), bioenergetics states, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), alpha- and beta-synucleins, BiP and dopamine receptor 2 (D2 receptor) contents, and glutamate uptake.	Vitamin A	66-75	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	284-288
21188516-4	2011	Then, we performed the present work to investigate the effects of vitamin A supplementation at clinical doses (1,000-9,000 IU/kg day(-1)) for 28 days on rat hippocampal nitrosative stress levels (both total and mitochondrial), bioenergetics states, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), alpha- and beta-synucleins, BiP and dopamine receptor 2 (D2 receptor) contents, and glutamate uptake.	Vitamin A	66-75	synuclein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	291-317
21188516-4	2011	Then, we performed the present work to investigate the effects of vitamin A supplementation at clinical doses (1,000-9,000 IU/kg day(-1)) for 28 days on rat hippocampal nitrosative stress levels (both total and mitochondrial), bioenergetics states, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), alpha- and beta-synucleins, BiP and dopamine receptor 2 (D2 receptor) contents, and glutamate uptake.	Vitamin A	66-75	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	319-322
21188516-4	2011	Then, we performed the present work to investigate the effects of vitamin A supplementation at clinical doses (1,000-9,000 IU/kg day(-1)) for 28 days on rat hippocampal nitrosative stress levels (both total and mitochondrial), bioenergetics states, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), alpha- and beta-synucleins, BiP and dopamine receptor 2 (D2 receptor) contents, and glutamate uptake.	Vitamin A	66-75	dopamine receptor D2	Rattus norvegicus	327-346
21188516-6	2011	Also, decreased BDNF levels were observed in vitamin A-treated rats.	Vitamin A	45-54	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
21188516-7	2011	The present data demonstrates, at least in part, that mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased BDNF and D2 receptors levels, as well as decreased glutamate uptake may take an important role in the mechanism behind the previously reported cognitive disturbances associated to vitamin A supplementation.	Vitamin A	274-283	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	94-98
21482329-6	2011	In the A549 cell line, treatment by retinol induced transcription of the RAR beta gene at 24 and 48 hours.	Vitamin A	36-43	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	73-81
21482329-7	2011	CONCLUSION: The presence of ADH3, RALDH1 and CYP26B1 during the four stages of normal lung development and in the A549 cell line, as well as the capacity to convert retinol to retinoic acid in these cells, indicate that foetal human lung has the ability to regulate the supply of vitamin A from the pseudoglandular stage.	Vitamin A	165-172	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	28-32
20861494-6	2011	Four B6 substrains tested have a polymorphism in alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (Adh4) that reduces its activity and potentially affects removal of excess retinol.	Vitamin A	148-155	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	49-72
20861494-6	2011	Four B6 substrains tested have a polymorphism in alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (Adh4) that reduces its activity and potentially affects removal of excess retinol.	Vitamin A	148-155	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	74-78
21220692-5	2011	Furthermore, upon provision of a vitamin A-deficient diet, it was found that RA-mediated signaling was strongly reduced within the small intestines, while RALDH2 mRNA and RALDH enzyme activity in lamina propria DCs and MLN-DCs, as well as RALDH2 mRNA expression in MLN stromal cells, were strongly diminished.	Vitamin A	33-42	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	155-161
21220692-5	2011	Furthermore, upon provision of a vitamin A-deficient diet, it was found that RA-mediated signaling was strongly reduced within the small intestines, while RALDH2 mRNA and RALDH enzyme activity in lamina propria DCs and MLN-DCs, as well as RALDH2 mRNA expression in MLN stromal cells, were strongly diminished.	Vitamin A	33-42	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	239-245
21368206-3	2011	We show here that STRA6 not only is a vitamin A transporter but also is a cell-surface signaling receptor activated by the RBP-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	127-134	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	123-126
21368206-4	2011	Association of RBP-retinol with STRA6 triggers tyrosine phosphorylation, resulting in recruitment and activation of JAK2 and the transcription factor STAT5.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	15-18
21368206-4	2011	Association of RBP-retinol with STRA6 triggers tyrosine phosphorylation, resulting in recruitment and activation of JAK2 and the transcription factor STAT5.	Vitamin A	19-26	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	32-37
21368206-4	2011	Association of RBP-retinol with STRA6 triggers tyrosine phosphorylation, resulting in recruitment and activation of JAK2 and the transcription factor STAT5.	Vitamin A	19-26	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
21368206-4	2011	Association of RBP-retinol with STRA6 triggers tyrosine phosphorylation, resulting in recruitment and activation of JAK2 and the transcription factor STAT5.	Vitamin A	19-26	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Homo sapiens	150-155
21368206-5	2011	The RBP-retinol/STRA6/JAK2/STAT5 signaling cascade induces the expression of STAT target genes, including suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), which inhibits insulin signaling, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which enhances lipid accumulation.	Vitamin A	8-15	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	4-7
21368206-5	2011	The RBP-retinol/STRA6/JAK2/STAT5 signaling cascade induces the expression of STAT target genes, including suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), which inhibits insulin signaling, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which enhances lipid accumulation.	Vitamin A	8-15	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	16-21
21368206-5	2011	The RBP-retinol/STRA6/JAK2/STAT5 signaling cascade induces the expression of STAT target genes, including suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), which inhibits insulin signaling, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which enhances lipid accumulation.	Vitamin A	8-15	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
21368206-5	2011	The RBP-retinol/STRA6/JAK2/STAT5 signaling cascade induces the expression of STAT target genes, including suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), which inhibits insulin signaling, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which enhances lipid accumulation.	Vitamin A	8-15	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Homo sapiens	27-32
21368206-5	2011	The RBP-retinol/STRA6/JAK2/STAT5 signaling cascade induces the expression of STAT target genes, including suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), which inhibits insulin signaling, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which enhances lipid accumulation.	Vitamin A	8-15	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Homo sapiens	106-140
21368206-5	2011	The RBP-retinol/STRA6/JAK2/STAT5 signaling cascade induces the expression of STAT target genes, including suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), which inhibits insulin signaling, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which enhances lipid accumulation.	Vitamin A	8-15	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Homo sapiens	142-147
21368206-5	2011	The RBP-retinol/STRA6/JAK2/STAT5 signaling cascade induces the expression of STAT target genes, including suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), which inhibits insulin signaling, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which enhances lipid accumulation.	Vitamin A	8-15	insulin	Homo sapiens	165-172
21368206-5	2011	The RBP-retinol/STRA6/JAK2/STAT5 signaling cascade induces the expression of STAT target genes, including suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), which inhibits insulin signaling, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which enhances lipid accumulation.	Vitamin A	8-15	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	188-236
21368206-5	2011	The RBP-retinol/STRA6/JAK2/STAT5 signaling cascade induces the expression of STAT target genes, including suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), which inhibits insulin signaling, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), which enhances lipid accumulation.	Vitamin A	8-15	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	238-247
21368206-6	2011	These observations establish that the parental vitamin A molecule is a transcriptional regulator in its own right, reveal that the scope of biological functions of the vitamin is broader than previously suspected, and provide a rationale for understanding how RBP and retinol regulate energy homeostasis and insulin responses.	Vitamin A	47-56	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	260-263
21368206-6	2011	These observations establish that the parental vitamin A molecule is a transcriptional regulator in its own right, reveal that the scope of biological functions of the vitamin is broader than previously suspected, and provide a rationale for understanding how RBP and retinol regulate energy homeostasis and insulin responses.	Vitamin A	47-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	308-315
21316346-10	2011	The RA- and insulin-induced Srebp-1c expression converged at the same sites in its promoter, indicating the roles of vitamin A in regulation of hepatic gene expression.	Vitamin A	117-126	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-36
21248183-6	2011	RESULTS: Vitamin A-supplemented children with fecal MCP-1 or IL-8 concentrations less than the median of detectable concentrations and IL-10 concentrations of at least median concentrations had longer durations of EPEC infection than did children in the placebo group.	Vitamin A	9-18	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	52-57
21248183-6	2011	RESULTS: Vitamin A-supplemented children with fecal MCP-1 or IL-8 concentrations less than the median of detectable concentrations and IL-10 concentrations of at least median concentrations had longer durations of EPEC infection than did children in the placebo group.	Vitamin A	9-18	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	61-65
20717697-12	2011	These results indicate that RA, as a bioactive metabolite of vitamin A, may promote PGC proliferation and increase intercellular aggregation of PGCs via E-cadherin and alpha/beta-catenins expression through the PKC signaling pathway.	Vitamin A	61-70	progastricsin	Gallus gallus	84-87
20717697-12	2011	These results indicate that RA, as a bioactive metabolite of vitamin A, may promote PGC proliferation and increase intercellular aggregation of PGCs via E-cadherin and alpha/beta-catenins expression through the PKC signaling pathway.	Vitamin A	61-70	cadherin 1	Gallus gallus	153-163
23763034-11	2011	The median plasma retinol concentration of the children with normal plasma CRP was 1.19 micromol/l and the interquartile range 0.93-1.50 micromol/l.	Vitamin A	18-25	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	75-78
21368206-3	2011	We show here that STRA6 not only is a vitamin A transporter but also is a cell-surface signaling receptor activated by the RBP-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	127-134	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	18-23
21068381-7	2011	Importantly, both retinol and retinoic acid are able to promote TR4 to recruit coactivators and to activate a TR4-regulated reporter.	Vitamin A	18-25	nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 2	Homo sapiens	64-67
20363594-6	2011	RESULTS: In vitamin-A deficient rats, the number of mucosal dendritic cells and the production of IL-12 markedly increased; the mucosal expressions of Toll-like receptor 2 and MyD88 were up-regulated, and secretions of interferon-gamma and secretory immunoglobulin A were decreased.	Vitamin A	12-21	toll-like receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	151-171
20363594-6	2011	RESULTS: In vitamin-A deficient rats, the number of mucosal dendritic cells and the production of IL-12 markedly increased; the mucosal expressions of Toll-like receptor 2 and MyD88 were up-regulated, and secretions of interferon-gamma and secretory immunoglobulin A were decreased.	Vitamin A	12-21	MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Rattus norvegicus	176-181
20363594-6	2011	RESULTS: In vitamin-A deficient rats, the number of mucosal dendritic cells and the production of IL-12 markedly increased; the mucosal expressions of Toll-like receptor 2 and MyD88 were up-regulated, and secretions of interferon-gamma and secretory immunoglobulin A were decreased.	Vitamin A	12-21	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	219-235
21092734-8	2011	Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy and nursing increased superoxide dismutase/catalase (SOD/CAT) ratio and oxidative damage in maternal and offspring striatum and hippocampus.	Vitamin A	0-9	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
20881313-4	2011	In the present study, we found that vitamin A depletion markedly decreased testicular expression of the all-trans retinoic acid-responsive gene, Stra8, and caused meiotic failure in prepubertal male mice lacking lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (Lrat), encoding for the major enzyme in liver responsible for the formation of retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	36-45	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8	Mus musculus	145-150
20881313-4	2011	In the present study, we found that vitamin A depletion markedly decreased testicular expression of the all-trans retinoic acid-responsive gene, Stra8, and caused meiotic failure in prepubertal male mice lacking lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (Lrat), encoding for the major enzyme in liver responsible for the formation of retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	36-45	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	212-244
20881313-4	2011	In the present study, we found that vitamin A depletion markedly decreased testicular expression of the all-trans retinoic acid-responsive gene, Stra8, and caused meiotic failure in prepubertal male mice lacking lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (Lrat), encoding for the major enzyme in liver responsible for the formation of retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	36-45	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	246-250
21072508-2	2011	Special emphasis has been placed on explaining the ligand-receptor interaction in RBP-retinol and DigA16-digoxigenin complexes, and steered molecular dynamics simulations of 10-20 ns have been carried out for the ligand expulsion process.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	82-85
21068381-7	2011	Importantly, both retinol and retinoic acid are able to promote TR4 to recruit coactivators and to activate a TR4-regulated reporter.	Vitamin A	18-25	nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 2	Homo sapiens	110-113
21187378-0	2011	Vitamin A-dependent transcriptional activation of the nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) is critical for the development and survival of B1 cells.	Vitamin A	0-9	nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 1	Mus musculus	94-100
21045116-4	2011	Over a very wide range of dietary vitamin A, lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) as well as multiple cytochrome P-450s (CYP26A1, CYP26B1, and CYP2C22) differed by diet and were highly correlated with one another and with vitamin A status assessed by liver retinol concentration (all correlations, P < 0.05).	Vitamin A	225-234	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	45-77
21804210-0	2011	Transdifferentiation of epidermis to mucous epithelium by retinol accompanies increase in transglutaminase 2/Gh and decrease in transglutaminase 3.	Vitamin A	58-65	transglutaminase 2	Homo sapiens	90-108
21804210-0	2011	Transdifferentiation of epidermis to mucous epithelium by retinol accompanies increase in transglutaminase 2/Gh and decrease in transglutaminase 3.	Vitamin A	58-65	transglutaminase 3	Homo sapiens	128-146
21482409-3	2011	Plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the specific vitamin A carrier protein in the blood that binds to vitamin A with high affinity and delivers it to target organs.	Vitamin A	53-62	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
21173508-3	2011	Recently, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), which carries retinol in circulation, has been shown to be a potential regulator of insulin resistance originating from adipose tissue.	Vitamin A	10-17	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	37-41
21173508-3	2011	Recently, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), which carries retinol in circulation, has been shown to be a potential regulator of insulin resistance originating from adipose tissue.	Vitamin A	10-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
21482409-3	2011	Plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the specific vitamin A carrier protein in the blood that binds to vitamin A with high affinity and delivers it to target organs.	Vitamin A	106-115	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
21482409-4	2011	A large amount of evidence has accumulated over the past decades supporting the existence of a cell-surface receptor for RBP that mediates cellular vitamin A uptake.	Vitamin A	148-157	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	121-124
21482409-7	2011	Consistent with the diverse functions of vitamin A, STRA6 is widely expressed in embryonic development and in adult organ systems.	Vitamin A	41-50	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	52-57
21482409-9	2011	STRA6 binds to RBP with high affinity and mediates vitamin A uptake into cells.	Vitamin A	51-60	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
21482409-9	2011	STRA6 binds to RBP with high affinity and mediates vitamin A uptake into cells.	Vitamin A	51-60	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	15-18
21482409-10	2011	This review summarizes the history of the RBP receptor research, its expression in the context of known functions of vitamin A in distinct human organs, structure/function analysis of this new type of membrane receptor, pertinent questions regarding its very existence, and its potential implication in treating human diseases.	Vitamin A	117-126	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	42-45
21811022-5	2011	Second, we analyzed how vitamin A inhibits Abeta aggregation by using fluorescence spectroscopy and thioflavin T assay with two Abeta fragments, Abeta1-16 and Abeta25-35.	Vitamin A	24-33	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	43-48
20704601-0	2011	A novel anti-ageing mechanism for retinol: induction of dermal elastin synthesis and elastin fibre formation.	Vitamin A	34-41	elastin	Homo sapiens	63-70
20704601-0	2011	A novel anti-ageing mechanism for retinol: induction of dermal elastin synthesis and elastin fibre formation.	Vitamin A	34-41	elastin	Homo sapiens	85-92
20704601-3	2011	In this study, we show that retinol (ROL), known to enhance dermal collagen production, is also enhancing elastin fibre formation.	Vitamin A	28-35	elastin	Homo sapiens	106-113
20704601-3	2011	In this study, we show that retinol (ROL), known to enhance dermal collagen production, is also enhancing elastin fibre formation.	Vitamin A	37-40	elastin	Homo sapiens	106-113
22171153-7	2011	We selected the following single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to vitamin A and vitamin C concentrations: rs176990 and rs190910 in the retinol-binding protein 1 (RBP1) gene; and rs10063949 and rs1279683 in the Na+-dependent L-ascorbic acid transporters 1 and 2, respectively (encoded by the SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 genes).	Vitamin A	85-94	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	154-179
21512299-10	2011	Altered expression of BCM and LRAT genes may affect plasma retinol status in obesity and dyslipidemia.	Vitamin A	59-66	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
22171153-7	2011	We selected the following single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to vitamin A and vitamin C concentrations: rs176990 and rs190910 in the retinol-binding protein 1 (RBP1) gene; and rs10063949 and rs1279683 in the Na+-dependent L-ascorbic acid transporters 1 and 2, respectively (encoded by the SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 genes).	Vitamin A	85-94	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	181-185
22073179-1	2011	Retinoids are mostly stored as retinyl esters in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) through esterification of retinol and fatty acid, catalyzed by lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	105-112	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	142-174
22073179-1	2011	Retinoids are mostly stored as retinyl esters in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) through esterification of retinol and fatty acid, catalyzed by lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	105-112	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	176-180
20845945-0	2010	Retinol and retinol-binding protein stabilize transthyretin via formation of retinol transport complex.	Vitamin A	0-7	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	46-59
21811588-2	2011	Vitamin A can inhibit the replication of measles virus (MeV) in vitro through an RARalpha- and type I interferon (IFN)-dependent mechanism.	Vitamin A	0-9	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	114-117
20845945-0	2010	Retinol and retinol-binding protein stabilize transthyretin via formation of retinol transport complex.	Vitamin A	12-19	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	46-59
20845945-2	2010	Plasma transport of retinol is carried out exclusively by the retinol-binding protein (RBP), through complexation with transthyretin.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	62-85
20845945-2	2010	Plasma transport of retinol is carried out exclusively by the retinol-binding protein (RBP), through complexation with transthyretin.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	87-90
20845945-2	2010	Plasma transport of retinol is carried out exclusively by the retinol-binding protein (RBP), through complexation with transthyretin.	Vitamin A	20-27	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	119-132
20845945-3	2010	Using mass spectrometry to examine the subunit exchange dynamics, we find that retinol stabilizes the quaternary structure of transthyretin, through its interactions with RBP, reducing the rate of transthyretin disassembly ~17-fold compared to apoTTR.	Vitamin A	79-86	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	126-139
20845945-3	2010	Using mass spectrometry to examine the subunit exchange dynamics, we find that retinol stabilizes the quaternary structure of transthyretin, through its interactions with RBP, reducing the rate of transthyretin disassembly ~17-fold compared to apoTTR.	Vitamin A	79-86	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	171-174
20845945-3	2010	Using mass spectrometry to examine the subunit exchange dynamics, we find that retinol stabilizes the quaternary structure of transthyretin, through its interactions with RBP, reducing the rate of transthyretin disassembly ~17-fold compared to apoTTR.	Vitamin A	79-86	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	197-210
20845945-5	2010	Surprisingly, we found two retinoids that stabilize transthyretin directly, in the absence of RBP, whereas retinol itself requires RBP in order to stabilize transthyretin.	Vitamin A	107-114	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	131-134
20845945-5	2010	Surprisingly, we found two retinoids that stabilize transthyretin directly, in the absence of RBP, whereas retinol itself requires RBP in order to stabilize transthyretin.	Vitamin A	107-114	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	157-170
20837596-7	2010	The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed lower levels of retinol and RBP in association with CDH risk; the odds ratio for retinol levels of <15th percentile (<0.61 mumol/L) was 11.11 (95% confidence interval: 2.54-48.66; P=.001), and that for RBP levels of <15th percentile (<4.54 mg/L) was 4.00 (95% confidence interval: 1.00-15.99; P=.05).	Vitamin A	134-141	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	81-84
21179414-5	2010	METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The addition of the vitamin A metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) to human naive CD4+ cells suboptimally activated with IL-2 and TGF-beta enhanced and stabilized FOXP3 expression, and accelerated their maturation to protective regulatory T cells.	Vitamin A	52-61	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	120-123
21179414-5	2010	METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The addition of the vitamin A metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) to human naive CD4+ cells suboptimally activated with IL-2 and TGF-beta enhanced and stabilized FOXP3 expression, and accelerated their maturation to protective regulatory T cells.	Vitamin A	52-61	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	159-163
20832065-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: Retinol is transported in a complex with retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and transthyretin (TTR) in the circulation.	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	52-77
20832065-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: Retinol is transported in a complex with retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and transthyretin (TTR) in the circulation.	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	79-83
20832065-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: Retinol is transported in a complex with retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and transthyretin (TTR) in the circulation.	Vitamin A	11-18	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	89-102
20832065-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: Retinol is transported in a complex with retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and transthyretin (TTR) in the circulation.	Vitamin A	11-18	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	104-107
20832065-8	2010	Changes in RBP4 saturation with retinol may link renal dysfunction and insulin resistance to atherosclerosis.	Vitamin A	32-39	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	11-15
20832065-8	2010	Changes in RBP4 saturation with retinol may link renal dysfunction and insulin resistance to atherosclerosis.	Vitamin A	32-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
20807599-8	2010	We concluded that vitamin A regulates bmp2 mRNA expression and plays a crucial role in osteoblastogenesis and bone formation.	Vitamin A	18-27	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Mus musculus	38-42
20801113-9	2010	In the RPE, the oxidation of 11-cis retinol is carried out by RDH5 with possible help from RDH11 and RDH10.	Vitamin A	29-43	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Homo sapiens	62-66
20801113-9	2010	In the RPE, the oxidation of 11-cis retinol is carried out by RDH5 with possible help from RDH11 and RDH10.	Vitamin A	29-43	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Homo sapiens	91-96
20801113-9	2010	In the RPE, the oxidation of 11-cis retinol is carried out by RDH5 with possible help from RDH11 and RDH10.	Vitamin A	29-43	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	101-106
20798245-4	2010	Here, we identify for the first time a functional complex, which includes cytochrome c as the upstream driver of PKCdelta, and uses the adapter protein p66Shc as a platform with vitamin A (retinol) as a fourth partner.	Vitamin A	178-187	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	74-86
20798245-4	2010	Here, we identify for the first time a functional complex, which includes cytochrome c as the upstream driver of PKCdelta, and uses the adapter protein p66Shc as a platform with vitamin A (retinol) as a fourth partner.	Vitamin A	178-187	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	113-121
20798245-4	2010	Here, we identify for the first time a functional complex, which includes cytochrome c as the upstream driver of PKCdelta, and uses the adapter protein p66Shc as a platform with vitamin A (retinol) as a fourth partner.	Vitamin A	189-196	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	74-86
20798245-4	2010	Here, we identify for the first time a functional complex, which includes cytochrome c as the upstream driver of PKCdelta, and uses the adapter protein p66Shc as a platform with vitamin A (retinol) as a fourth partner.	Vitamin A	189-196	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	113-121
20798245-7	2010	Furthermore, mutations that disrupt the interaction of cytochrome c with p66Shc, of p66Shc with PKCdelta, or the deletion of the retinol-binding pocket on PKCdelta, attenuate signaling.	Vitamin A	129-136	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	155-163
20798245-10	2010	The PKCdelta/p66Shc/cytochrome c signalosome might have evolved to effect site-directed oxidation of zinc-finger structures of PKCdelta, which harbor the activation centers and the vitamin A binding sites.	Vitamin A	181-190	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	4-12
20798245-10	2010	The PKCdelta/p66Shc/cytochrome c signalosome might have evolved to effect site-directed oxidation of zinc-finger structures of PKCdelta, which harbor the activation centers and the vitamin A binding sites.	Vitamin A	181-190	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	20-32
20798245-10	2010	The PKCdelta/p66Shc/cytochrome c signalosome might have evolved to effect site-directed oxidation of zinc-finger structures of PKCdelta, which harbor the activation centers and the vitamin A binding sites.	Vitamin A	181-190	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	127-135
21042705-3	2010	As CRBP1 regulates intracellular retinoic acid (vitamin A) homeostasis, which is involved in morphogenesis, and cellular proliferation and differentiation, the loss of CRBP1 could cause tumorigenesis in BC.	Vitamin A	48-57	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	3-8
21042705-3	2010	As CRBP1 regulates intracellular retinoic acid (vitamin A) homeostasis, which is involved in morphogenesis, and cellular proliferation and differentiation, the loss of CRBP1 could cause tumorigenesis in BC.	Vitamin A	48-57	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	168-173
20881191-1	2010	The active vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) imprints gut-homing specificity on lymphocytes upon activation by inducing the expression of alpha4beta7 integrin and CCR9.	Vitamin A	11-20	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9	Mus musculus	169-173
20697621-1	2010	All-trans retinol is formed in the outer segments of vertebrate rod photoreceptors from the reduction of the all-trans retinal released by photoactivated rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	10-17	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	154-163
20697621-3	2010	In metabolically intact photoreceptors, a large increase in rod outer segment fluorescence, attributed to the fluorescence of all-trans retinol, follows rhodopsin photoactivation.	Vitamin A	136-143	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	153-162
20850414-1	2010	VAD1.3 (AEP1), a novel testis-specific gene, was first isolated from the testis of a retinol-treated vitamin-A-deficient (VAD) rat model.	Vitamin A	85-92	SPATA31 subfamily A member 5	Rattus norvegicus	8-12
20850414-1	2010	VAD1.3 (AEP1), a novel testis-specific gene, was first isolated from the testis of a retinol-treated vitamin-A-deficient (VAD) rat model.	Vitamin A	101-110	SPATA31 subfamily A member 5	Rattus norvegicus	8-12
20837014-4	2010	As H-REV107 is highly similar to lecithin retinol acyltransferase, our study also provides structural insight to this essential enzyme in retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	42-49	phospholipase A and acyltransferase 3	Homo sapiens	3-11
20599666-1	2010	beta,beta-Carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase-1 (BCMO1) is a key enzyme in vitamin A metabolism in mammals.	Vitamin A	69-78	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-41
20599666-1	2010	beta,beta-Carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase-1 (BCMO1) is a key enzyme in vitamin A metabolism in mammals.	Vitamin A	69-78	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
20599666-3	2010	Furthermore, vitamin A deficiency has been shown to induce BCMO1 expression, whereas supplementation with vitamin A or its active metabolites, all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid, dose-dependently reverse these effects.	Vitamin A	13-22	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	59-64
20599666-4	2010	A diet-responsive regulatory network involving the intestine specific homeodomain transcription factor ISX has been shown to regulate the intestinal vitamin A uptake and production via a negative feedback control.	Vitamin A	149-158	intestine specific homeobox	Homo sapiens	103-106
20532509-1	2010	PURPOSE: Fenretinide (4-HPR), a synthetic retinoid currently used in clinic for cancer therapy and prevention, markedly lowers plasma retinol levels, an effect associated with nyctalopia.	Vitamin A	134-141	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	24-27
20532509-5	2010	RESULTS: After the first administration, nadir retinol concentrations were reached at 16-20 h post-dosing; the extent of retinol reduction was related to 4-HPR dose and plasma concentrations as well as to pretreatment retinol concentrations.	Vitamin A	121-128	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	156-159
20532509-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: During 4-HPR chronic treatment, plasma retinol reduction is not proportional to the dose.	Vitamin A	52-59	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	22-25
19954945-1	2010	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) regulates retinol (vitamin A) metabolism by esterifying retinol.	Vitamin A	9-16	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	34-38
19954945-1	2010	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) regulates retinol (vitamin A) metabolism by esterifying retinol.	Vitamin A	59-68	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-32
19954945-1	2010	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) regulates retinol (vitamin A) metabolism by esterifying retinol.	Vitamin A	59-68	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	34-38
19954945-1	2010	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) regulates retinol (vitamin A) metabolism by esterifying retinol.	Vitamin A	50-57	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-32
19954945-1	2010	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) regulates retinol (vitamin A) metabolism by esterifying retinol.	Vitamin A	50-57	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	34-38
19954945-6	2010	LRAT(-/-) embryonic stem cells also expressed higher Sfrp2 transcripts, indicating an interaction between retinol and WNT signaling.	Vitamin A	106-113	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-4
19954945-8	2010	Wt and LRAT(-/-) mice fed a retinol-sufficient diet showed the same oral tumor incidence after 4-NQO treatment.	Vitamin A	28-35	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	7-11
20705791-2	2011	As retinoic acid is essential for spermatogenesis, we hypothesized that WIN 18,446 might inhibit retinoic acid biosynthesis from retinol (vitamin A) within the testes by inhibiting the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a2 (ALDH1a2).	Vitamin A	138-147	retinal dehydrogenase 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	192-218
20705791-2	2011	As retinoic acid is essential for spermatogenesis, we hypothesized that WIN 18,446 might inhibit retinoic acid biosynthesis from retinol (vitamin A) within the testes by inhibiting the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 1a2 (ALDH1a2).	Vitamin A	138-147	retinal dehydrogenase 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	220-227
23675205-7	2010	Similarly there was a positive correlation between CD4 count and serum vitamin A concentration (Pearson r=0.89 p<0.01).	Vitamin A	71-80	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	51-54
21044072-4	2010	Transthyretin (TTR) is normally responsible for the transport of thyroid hormones and retinol in the blood and CSF.	Vitamin A	86-93	transthyretin	Mus musculus	0-13
21044072-4	2010	Transthyretin (TTR) is normally responsible for the transport of thyroid hormones and retinol in the blood and CSF.	Vitamin A	86-93	transthyretin	Mus musculus	15-18
20153623-1	2010	The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is involved in regulation of mechanisms for detoxification of xenobiotics, as well as vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	122-131	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	4-29
20153623-1	2010	The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is involved in regulation of mechanisms for detoxification of xenobiotics, as well as vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	122-131	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	31-34
20962153-2	2010	Carotene-15,15"-monooxygenase (CMO-I) primarily centrally cleaves beta,beta-carotene to form vitamin A.	Vitamin A	93-102	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	31-36
21067480-3	2010	RGR, encoding the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) G protein-coupled receptor acting in vitro as a photoisomerase; RBP1, encoding the ubiquitous cellular retinol binding protein carrying intracellular all-trans retinoids; RBP3, encoding the interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein, a retinal-specific protein which shuttles all-trans retinol from photoreceptors to RPE and 11-cis retinal from RPE to photoreceptors.	Vitamin A	154-161	retinal G protein coupled receptor	Homo sapiens	0-3
21067480-3	2010	RGR, encoding the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) G protein-coupled receptor acting in vitro as a photoisomerase; RBP1, encoding the ubiquitous cellular retinol binding protein carrying intracellular all-trans retinoids; RBP3, encoding the interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein, a retinal-specific protein which shuttles all-trans retinol from photoreceptors to RPE and 11-cis retinal from RPE to photoreceptors.	Vitamin A	154-161	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	115-119
21172136-5	2010	RESULTS: The levels of CD4+ CD25+ T subsets in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa in the 250 IU/g vitamin A group were significantly higher than those in the 4 IU/g vitamin A group (P<0.05).	Vitamin A	102-111	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	23-26
21172136-5	2010	RESULTS: The levels of CD4+ CD25+ T subsets in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa in the 250 IU/g vitamin A group were significantly higher than those in the 4 IU/g vitamin A group (P<0.05).	Vitamin A	102-111	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	28-32
21172136-5	2010	RESULTS: The levels of CD4+ CD25+ T subsets in peripheral blood and intestinal mucosa in the 250 IU/g vitamin A group were significantly higher than those in the 4 IU/g vitamin A group (P<0.05).	Vitamin A	169-178	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	23-26
21172136-6	2010	The IL-4 level in stool increased, in contrast, the IL-23 level in stool decreased significantly in the 250 IU/g vitamin A group when compared with the 4 IU/g vitamin A group (P<0.05).	Vitamin A	113-122	interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19	Mus musculus	52-57
21172136-7	2010	CONCLUSIONS: vitamin A may promote the development of CD4+ CD25+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and small intestine.	Vitamin A	13-22	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	54-57
21172136-7	2010	CONCLUSIONS: vitamin A may promote the development of CD4+ CD25+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and small intestine.	Vitamin A	13-22	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	59-63
20702525-2	2010	Retinol uptake into cells is controlled by stimulated by RA 6 (STRA6).	Vitamin A	0-7	RA6	Homo sapiens	57-61
20702525-2	2010	Retinol uptake into cells is controlled by stimulated by RA 6 (STRA6).	Vitamin A	0-7	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	63-68
20702525-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: In endometrial stromal cells, progesterone receptor up-regulates expression of STRA6 and CRABP2, which control retinol uptake and growth-suppressor actions of RA.	Vitamin A	124-131	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	43-64
20702525-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: In endometrial stromal cells, progesterone receptor up-regulates expression of STRA6 and CRABP2, which control retinol uptake and growth-suppressor actions of RA.	Vitamin A	124-131	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	92-97
20702525-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: In endometrial stromal cells, progesterone receptor up-regulates expression of STRA6 and CRABP2, which control retinol uptake and growth-suppressor actions of RA.	Vitamin A	124-131	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	102-108
20837596-7	2010	The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed lower levels of retinol and RBP in association with CDH risk; the odds ratio for retinol levels of <15th percentile (<0.61 mumol/L) was 11.11 (95% confidence interval: 2.54-48.66; P=.001), and that for RBP levels of <15th percentile (<4.54 mg/L) was 4.00 (95% confidence interval: 1.00-15.99; P=.05).	Vitamin A	134-141	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	261-264
20628054-2	2010	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), the main enzyme responsible for retinyl ester formation, catalyzes the transfer of an acyl group from the sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine to retinol.	Vitamin A	9-16	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
20698518-5	2010	Using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and free energy methods, we decompose the potential of mean force for retinol unbinding from the sRBP into constituent interactions.	Vitamin A	124-131	sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1	Homo sapiens	151-155
20541302-11	2010	Lower retinol level was found to be a significant independent predictor of overall and cardiovascular mortality in multivariate Cox analysis (HR, 0.733 [95% CI, 0.599-0.896], P=0.002, and 0.694 [95% CI, 0.511-0.942], P=0.02, per 1 SD, respectively).	Vitamin A	6-13	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	128-131
20571403-4	2010	The relative rate of mesothelioma for those receiving retinol was estimated using Cox regression, adjusting for cumulative asbestos exposure and age at first exposure to asbestos.	Vitamin A	54-61	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	82-85
20664956-1	2010	Retinoids including natural vitamin A, its derivatives and synthetic compounds work as transcription factors through the retinoic acid receptors (RAR, RXR).	Vitamin A	28-37	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	146-149
20664956-1	2010	Retinoids including natural vitamin A, its derivatives and synthetic compounds work as transcription factors through the retinoic acid receptors (RAR, RXR).	Vitamin A	28-37	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	151-154
20679534-2	2010	All-trans retinoic acid (atRA), the active derivative of vitamin A, has been demonstrated to promote Foxp3(+) Treg differentiation and suppress Th17 development.	Vitamin A	57-66	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	101-106
20547768-0	2010	Vitamin A metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid, mediates alternative splicing of protein kinase C deltaVIII (PKCdeltaVIII) isoform via splicing factor SC35.	Vitamin A	0-9	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	80-154
20530491-1	2010	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the transport protein that carries retinol in blood.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-25
20530491-1	2010	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the transport protein that carries retinol in blood.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	27-31
20498279-3	2010	Here we show that cellular retinol-binding protein type I (CRBP-I), a small cytosolic binding protein for retinol and retinaldehyde, is specifically restricted to preadipocytes in white adipose tissue.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	59-65
20682464-5	2010	In DNA binding and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, the binding of RARs to the proximal RARE1 and distal RARE2, -3, and -4 regions of the CYP26A1 promoter was increased in RA-treated HepG2 cells, and greater in VA-sufficient than VA-deficient liver.	Vitamin A	216-218	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	143-150
20711265-9	2010	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, involucrin and loricrin expression were higher in retinol-treated skin than in BKC-treated skin.	Vitamin A	86-93	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Mus musculus	0-34
20711265-9	2010	Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, involucrin and loricrin expression were higher in retinol-treated skin than in BKC-treated skin.	Vitamin A	86-93	loricrin	Mus musculus	51-59
20711265-11	2010	The mRNA expression of IL-8, TNF-alpha, COX-2, involucrin, loricrin and filaggrin were increased in both retinol- and BKC-treated skin in similar intensity.	Vitamin A	105-112	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 15	Mus musculus	23-27
20711265-11	2010	The mRNA expression of IL-8, TNF-alpha, COX-2, involucrin, loricrin and filaggrin were increased in both retinol- and BKC-treated skin in similar intensity.	Vitamin A	105-112	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	29-38
20711265-11	2010	The mRNA expression of IL-8, TNF-alpha, COX-2, involucrin, loricrin and filaggrin were increased in both retinol- and BKC-treated skin in similar intensity.	Vitamin A	105-112	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	40-45
20711265-11	2010	The mRNA expression of IL-8, TNF-alpha, COX-2, involucrin, loricrin and filaggrin were increased in both retinol- and BKC-treated skin in similar intensity.	Vitamin A	105-112	loricrin	Mus musculus	59-67
20711265-12	2010	HB-EGF was more significantly increased in retinol-treated skin.	Vitamin A	43-50	heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor	Mus musculus	0-6
19889026-0	2010	Pharmacological doses of vitamin A increase caspase-3 activity selectively in cerebral cortex.	Vitamin A	25-34	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	44-53
19889026-5	2010	Then, based on previously published data, we have investigated the effects of vitamin A supplementation at clinical doses (1000-9000 IU/kg/day) for 28 days on caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities in adult rat cerebral cortex, cerebellum, striatum, and hippocampus.	Vitamin A	78-87	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	159-168
19889026-5	2010	Then, based on previously published data, we have investigated the effects of vitamin A supplementation at clinical doses (1000-9000 IU/kg/day) for 28 days on caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities in adult rat cerebral cortex, cerebellum, striatum, and hippocampus.	Vitamin A	78-87	caspase 8	Rattus norvegicus	173-182
20051892-4	2010	CYP1B1 is involved in metabolism of melatonin, retinol, and other endogenous/exogenous substrates.	Vitamin A	47-54	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
20534877-0	2010	Vitamin A upregulates matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity by murine myeloid dendritic cells through a nonclassical transcriptional mechanism.	Vitamin A	0-9	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	22-48
20534877-4	2010	We have previously shown that all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), a bioactive metabolite of vitamin A, significantly augmented DC MMP-9 mRNA and protein production.	Vitamin A	88-97	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	126-131
20480185-8	2010	Lipid metabolism involved in renal reverse cholesterol transport may be mediated by decreasing the signaling through the ABCA1 cholesterol efflux pathway, which is significantly modified in kidneys of vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	201-210	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-126
20643338-4	2010	A reduced production of these molecules by PP FDCs associated with deficiencies in the Toll-like receptor pathway or vitamin A resulted in decreased numbers of GC B cells and defective generation of IgA(+) B cells within PP GCs.	Vitamin A	117-126	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	199-202
20431070-4	2010	Our results indicate that the retinol pathway is an important mediator of Vezf1 function and that loss of Vezf1 results in reduced retinol/vitamin A signaling and aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) formation.	Vitamin A	30-37	vascular endothelial zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	74-79
20431070-4	2010	Our results indicate that the retinol pathway is an important mediator of Vezf1 function and that loss of Vezf1 results in reduced retinol/vitamin A signaling and aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) formation.	Vitamin A	131-138	vascular endothelial zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	106-111
20431070-4	2010	Our results indicate that the retinol pathway is an important mediator of Vezf1 function and that loss of Vezf1 results in reduced retinol/vitamin A signaling and aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) formation.	Vitamin A	139-148	vascular endothelial zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	106-111
20488794-1	2010	Retinoic acid (RA), a well-known vitamin A metabolite, mediates inhibition of the IL-6-driven induction of proinflammatory Th17 cells and promotes anti-inflammatory regulatory T cell generation in the presence of TGF-beta, which is mainly regulated by dendritic cells.	Vitamin A	33-42	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	82-86
20548792-0	2010	Vitamin A enhances antitumor effect of a green tea polyphenol on melanoma by upregulating the polyphenol sensing molecule 67-kDa laminin receptor.	Vitamin A	0-9	ribosomal protein SA	Mus musculus	122-145
20382160-3	2010	Photoreceptor-associated retinol dehydrogenase (prRDH) is evolutionarily closely related to 17beta-HSD1 but reduces all-trans retinal to all-trans retinol, contributing to rhodopsin regeneration in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	25-32	retinol dehydrogenase 8	Homo sapiens	48-53
20382160-3	2010	Photoreceptor-associated retinol dehydrogenase (prRDH) is evolutionarily closely related to 17beta-HSD1 but reduces all-trans retinal to all-trans retinol, contributing to rhodopsin regeneration in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	25-32	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	92-103
20382160-3	2010	Photoreceptor-associated retinol dehydrogenase (prRDH) is evolutionarily closely related to 17beta-HSD1 but reduces all-trans retinal to all-trans retinol, contributing to rhodopsin regeneration in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	25-32	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	172-181
20372966-6	2010	Supported by metabolite and gene-expression data, we hypothesize that the increased inflammatory response is due to an altered BC metabolism, resulting in an increased vitamin A requirement in Bcmo1 (-/-) mice.	Vitamin A	168-177	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	193-198
20543567-2	2010	Retinal short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase retSDR1, also known as dehydrogenase/reductase member 3 (DHRS3), is involved in maintaining the cellular supply of retinol metabolites.	Vitamin A	159-166	dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Homo sapiens	44-51
20543567-2	2010	Retinal short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase retSDR1, also known as dehydrogenase/reductase member 3 (DHRS3), is involved in maintaining the cellular supply of retinol metabolites.	Vitamin A	159-166	dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Homo sapiens	67-99
20543567-2	2010	Retinal short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase retSDR1, also known as dehydrogenase/reductase member 3 (DHRS3), is involved in maintaining the cellular supply of retinol metabolites.	Vitamin A	159-166	dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Homo sapiens	101-106
20061533-0	2010	ISX is a retinoic acid-sensitive gatekeeper that controls intestinal beta,beta-carotene absorption and vitamin A production.	Vitamin A	103-112	intestine specific homeobox	Mus musculus	0-3
20618457-6	2010	Expression of ADH1/2/3, RDH5/10/11, DHRS3 and RALDH1/3 was increased in NAFLD, suggesting that oxidation process from retinol to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) was enhanced.	Vitamin A	118-125	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	14-22
21234860-6	2010	Children with concomitant hypovitaminosis A and anemia presented a significant increase in absolute CD4 and CD8 T-cell counts after vitamin A supplementation (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	132-141	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	108-111
20503435-1	2010	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma and cerebrospinal fluid protein mainly recognized as the transporter of thyroxine (T(4)) and retinol.	Vitamin A	125-132	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
20503435-1	2010	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma and cerebrospinal fluid protein mainly recognized as the transporter of thyroxine (T(4)) and retinol.	Vitamin A	125-132	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
20143336-0	2010	Downregulation of hepatic stellate cell activation by retinol and palmitate mediated by adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP).	Vitamin A	54-61	perilipin 2	Homo sapiens	88-127
20143336-0	2010	Downregulation of hepatic stellate cell activation by retinol and palmitate mediated by adipose differentiation-related protein (ADRP).	Vitamin A	54-61	perilipin 2	Homo sapiens	129-133
20143336-5	2010	In the LX-2 human immortalized HSCs, with scant lipid droplets and features of activated HSCs, we found that the upregulation of ADRP mRNA by palmitate is potentiated by retinol, accompanied by increased ADRP protein, generation of retinyl palmitate, and lipid droplet formation.	Vitamin A	170-177	perilipin 2	Homo sapiens	129-133
20143336-7	2010	Furthermore, ADRP induction by retinol and palmitate resulted in decreased expression of collagen I and matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA, fibrogenic genes associated with activated HSCs, while increasing matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA; ADRP knockdown with siRNA reversed these changes.	Vitamin A	31-38	perilipin 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
20143336-7	2010	Furthermore, ADRP induction by retinol and palmitate resulted in decreased expression of collagen I and matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA, fibrogenic genes associated with activated HSCs, while increasing matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA; ADRP knockdown with siRNA reversed these changes.	Vitamin A	31-38	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	89-130
20143336-7	2010	Furthermore, ADRP induction by retinol and palmitate resulted in decreased expression of collagen I and matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA, fibrogenic genes associated with activated HSCs, while increasing matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA; ADRP knockdown with siRNA reversed these changes.	Vitamin A	31-38	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	203-229
20143336-7	2010	Furthermore, ADRP induction by retinol and palmitate resulted in decreased expression of collagen I and matrix metalloproteinase-2 mRNA, fibrogenic genes associated with activated HSCs, while increasing matrix metalloproteinase-1 mRNA; ADRP knockdown with siRNA reversed these changes.	Vitamin A	31-38	perilipin 2	Homo sapiens	236-240
20143336-9	2010	Thus, ADRP upregulation mediated by retinol and palmitate promotes downregulation of HSC activation and is functionally linked to the expression of fibrogenic genes.	Vitamin A	36-43	perilipin 2	Homo sapiens	6-10
19965581-1	2010	The main retinol carriers in the cytosol are the cellular retinol-binding proteins types I and II (CRBP-I and CRBP-II), which exhibit distinct tissue distributions.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	99-105
19965581-1	2010	The main retinol carriers in the cytosol are the cellular retinol-binding proteins types I and II (CRBP-I and CRBP-II), which exhibit distinct tissue distributions.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	110-117
19965581-1	2010	The main retinol carriers in the cytosol are the cellular retinol-binding proteins types I and II (CRBP-I and CRBP-II), which exhibit distinct tissue distributions.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	99-105
19965581-1	2010	The main retinol carriers in the cytosol are the cellular retinol-binding proteins types I and II (CRBP-I and CRBP-II), which exhibit distinct tissue distributions.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	110-117
19965581-4	2010	The remarkable difference in intrinsic stability between the two homologs appears to modulate their binding properties: the stronger retinol binder CRBP-I displays a reduced flexibility of the backbone structure with respect to CRBP-II.	Vitamin A	133-140	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	148-154
19965581-4	2010	The remarkable difference in intrinsic stability between the two homologs appears to modulate their binding properties: the stronger retinol binder CRBP-I displays a reduced flexibility of the backbone structure with respect to CRBP-II.	Vitamin A	133-140	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	228-235
20233723-2	2010	Receptors for vitamin A and D induced expression of Fgf15, an intestine-derived hormone that acts on liver to inhibit Cyp7a1.	Vitamin A	14-23	cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	118-124
20233723-6	2010	Notably, vitamin A treatment reversed the effects of the bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine on Fgf15, Shp, and Cyp7a1 expression, suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit of vitamin A under conditions of bile acid malabsorption.	Vitamin A	9-18	nuclear receptor subfamily 0 group B member 2	Homo sapiens	104-107
20233723-6	2010	Notably, vitamin A treatment reversed the effects of the bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine on Fgf15, Shp, and Cyp7a1 expression, suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit of vitamin A under conditions of bile acid malabsorption.	Vitamin A	9-18	cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	113-119
20382748-10	2010	We conclude that vitamin A treatment partially improves lung development in chronically ventilated preterm neonates by modulating expression of tropoelastin, deposition of elastin, and expression of vascular growth factors.	Vitamin A	17-26	tropoelastin	Ovis aries	144-156
20382748-10	2010	We conclude that vitamin A treatment partially improves lung development in chronically ventilated preterm neonates by modulating expression of tropoelastin, deposition of elastin, and expression of vascular growth factors.	Vitamin A	17-26	elastin	Ovis aries	149-156
20375987-8	2010	As maternal vitamin A deficiency is widespread in developing countries and may compromise availability of retinol for fetal RA synthesis, our study suggests that the ALDH1A2 rs7169289(G) variant might be protective for such individuals.	Vitamin A	106-113	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2	Homo sapiens	166-173
20356843-0	2010	FATP1 inhibits 11-cis retinol formation via interaction with the visual cycle retinoid isomerase RPE65 and lecithin:retinol acyltransferase.	Vitamin A	15-29	solute carrier family 27 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
20356843-0	2010	FATP1 inhibits 11-cis retinol formation via interaction with the visual cycle retinoid isomerase RPE65 and lecithin:retinol acyltransferase.	Vitamin A	15-29	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	97-102
20356843-0	2010	FATP1 inhibits 11-cis retinol formation via interaction with the visual cycle retinoid isomerase RPE65 and lecithin:retinol acyltransferase.	Vitamin A	15-29	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	107-139
20356843-7	2010	Cellular reconstitution of human interacting proteins shows that FATP1 markedly inhibits 11-cis retinol production by acting on the production of all-trans retinyl esters and the isomerase activity of RPE65.	Vitamin A	89-103	solute carrier family 27 member 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
20356843-7	2010	Cellular reconstitution of human interacting proteins shows that FATP1 markedly inhibits 11-cis retinol production by acting on the production of all-trans retinyl esters and the isomerase activity of RPE65.	Vitamin A	89-103	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	201-206
20188365-1	2010	Transthyretin (TTR), a carrier for thyroxine and retinol, has its messenger RNA (mRNA) expressed in the glandular endometrial epithelium and its protein detected in the glandular endometrial epithelium and the uterine lumen.	Vitamin A	49-56	transthyretin	Mus musculus	0-13
20188365-1	2010	Transthyretin (TTR), a carrier for thyroxine and retinol, has its messenger RNA (mRNA) expressed in the glandular endometrial epithelium and its protein detected in the glandular endometrial epithelium and the uterine lumen.	Vitamin A	49-56	transthyretin	Mus musculus	15-18
20231276-1	2010	Retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A metabolite, regulates transcription by binding to RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimers.	Vitamin A	22-31	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	82-93
20231276-1	2010	Retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A metabolite, regulates transcription by binding to RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimers.	Vitamin A	22-31	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	95-98
20112286-3	2010	Cytochrome P450 26A1 (cyp26a1), a retinoic acid (RA)-metabolizing enzyme, is involved in VA metabolism.	Vitamin A	89-91	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	0-20
20112286-3	2010	Cytochrome P450 26A1 (cyp26a1), a retinoic acid (RA)-metabolizing enzyme, is involved in VA metabolism.	Vitamin A	89-91	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	22-29
20498279-3	2010	Here we show that cellular retinol-binding protein type I (CRBP-I), a small cytosolic binding protein for retinol and retinaldehyde, is specifically restricted to preadipocytes in white adipose tissue.	Vitamin A	106-113	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	59-65
19940255-1	2010	The enzyme retinol saturase (RetSat) catalyzes the saturation of all-trans-retinol to produce (R)-all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol.	Vitamin A	65-82	retinol saturase (all trans retinol 13,14 reductase)	Mus musculus	11-27
20093188-1	2010	Plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP4) is the principal carrier of vitamin A in blood.	Vitamin A	66-75	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-30
20093188-1	2010	Plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP4) is the principal carrier of vitamin A in blood.	Vitamin A	66-75	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-36
20093188-7	2010	The functionality of recombinant RBP4, i.e., the binding to its physiologic ligand, retinol, and the interaction with transthyretin (TTR), was tested by fluorimetric and pull-down assays, respectively.	Vitamin A	84-91	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	33-37
20301102-1	2010	Mechanisms of retinol (ROL) transport in plasma alternative to that involving the Retinol-Binding Protein (RBP) have been hypothesized after RBP-knockout mice were shown to be viable and fertile.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	107-110
20301102-1	2010	Mechanisms of retinol (ROL) transport in plasma alternative to that involving the Retinol-Binding Protein (RBP) have been hypothesized after RBP-knockout mice were shown to be viable and fertile.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	141-144
19940255-4	2010	Here, we report that RetSat-null mice have normal levels of retinol and retinyl palmitate in liver, serum, and adipose tissue, but, in contrast to wild-type mice, are deficient in the production of all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol from dietary vitamin A.	Vitamin A	60-67	retinol saturase (all trans retinol 13,14 reductase)	Mus musculus	21-27
19940255-4	2010	Here, we report that RetSat-null mice have normal levels of retinol and retinyl palmitate in liver, serum, and adipose tissue, but, in contrast to wild-type mice, are deficient in the production of all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol from dietary vitamin A.	Vitamin A	242-251	retinol saturase (all trans retinol 13,14 reductase)	Mus musculus	21-27
20189785-4	2010	Several studies have shown that exogenous vitamin A disrupts the fusion of the palatal shelves by increasing the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).	Vitamin A	42-51	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	127-159
20189785-4	2010	Several studies have shown that exogenous vitamin A disrupts the fusion of the palatal shelves by increasing the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).	Vitamin A	42-51	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	161-165
19940255-1	2010	The enzyme retinol saturase (RetSat) catalyzes the saturation of all-trans-retinol to produce (R)-all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol.	Vitamin A	65-82	retinol saturase (all trans retinol 13,14 reductase)	Mus musculus	29-35
19933196-0	2010	The dependence of retinal degeneration caused by the rhodopsin P23H mutation on light exposure and vitamin a deprivation.	Vitamin A	99-108	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	53-62
20100834-1	2010	Regeneration of visual chromophore in the vertebrate visual cycle involves the retinal pigment epithelium-specific protein RPE65, the key enzyme catalyzing the cleavage and isomerization of all-trans-retinyl fatty acid esters to 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	229-243	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Bos taurus	123-128
20197465-1	2010	Retinoic acid receptors (RAR; alpha, beta, and gamma), members of the nuclear receptor superfamily, mediate the pleiotropic effects of the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) and derivatives (retinoids) in normal and cancer cells.	Vitamin A	139-148	retinoic acid receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	25-28
20151940-0	2010	Effects of combination of zinc and vitamin A supplementation on serum fasting blood sugar, insulin, apoprotein B and apoprotein A-I in patients with type I diabetes.	Vitamin A	35-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
19933196-7	2010	Vitamin A deprivation also induced retinal degeneration associated with defects in P23H rhodopsin biosynthesis.	Vitamin A	0-9	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	88-97
20122251-12	2010	Animals homozygous for the mutation are not reported to suffer from any negative health or development traits, pointing towards a minor role of BCO2 in vitamin A formation.	Vitamin A	152-161	carotenoid-cleaving dioxygenase, mitochondrial	Ovis aries	144-148
19835946-7	2010	More than 93% of the mutants from retinol+UVA treatment lost heterozygosity at the Tk1 locus and the major type (58%) of mutations was LOHs extending to D11Mit42, an alternation involving approximately 6cM of the chromosome, whereas the main type of mutations in the control was non-LOH mutations.	Vitamin A	34-41	thymidine kinase 1	Mus musculus	83-86
19935721-2	2010	Here, we found that CYP26A1, the gene encoding a cytochrome P450 enzyme specifically involved in metabolic inactivation of retinoic acid (RA), the most active vitamin A derivative, is highly expressed in 42% (27/65) of primary breast cancers.	Vitamin A	159-168	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	20-27
20014094-5	2010	In vitamin A-deficient embryos, Clmn mRNA is dramatically down-regulated in the neuroepithelium adjacent to the somites, and this expression can be rescued with the addition of atRA.	Vitamin A	3-12	calmin	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
19824993-1	2010	BACKGROUND: We previously reported that an NAD-dependent in situ retinoic acid supply system, which comprises some isoforms of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and provides retinoic acid from retinol via a 2-step oxidation process, exists in the rat esophagus.	Vitamin A	221-228	aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	159-181
19824993-1	2010	BACKGROUND: We previously reported that an NAD-dependent in situ retinoic acid supply system, which comprises some isoforms of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and provides retinoic acid from retinol via a 2-step oxidation process, exists in the rat esophagus.	Vitamin A	221-228	aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	183-187
19857477-0	2010	Serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and retinol in a cohort of borderline obese women with and without gestational diabetes.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	33-37
20110328-0	2010	Vitamin A facilitates enteric nervous system precursor migration by reducing Pten accumulation.	Vitamin A	0-9	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Mus musculus	77-81
19785912-9	2010	These results suggest that RBP4 and retinol levels are independently regulated under physiological and pathophysiological conditions and that RBP4, like retinol, is transferred from maternal stores to calves through colostrum.	Vitamin A	153-160	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	142-146
19812372-7	2010	Retinol emerged as an essential cofactor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta), without which this enzyme failed to be activated in mitochondria.	Vitamin A	0-7	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	44-65
19812372-7	2010	Retinol emerged as an essential cofactor of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta), without which this enzyme failed to be activated in mitochondria.	Vitamin A	0-7	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	67-75
19812372-8	2010	Furthermore, retinol needed to physically bind PKCdelta, because mutation of the retinol binding site rendered PKCdelta unresponsive to Rol, while retaining responsiveness to phorbol ester.	Vitamin A	13-20	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	47-55
19812372-8	2010	Furthermore, retinol needed to physically bind PKCdelta, because mutation of the retinol binding site rendered PKCdelta unresponsive to Rol, while retaining responsiveness to phorbol ester.	Vitamin A	13-20	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	111-119
19812372-8	2010	Furthermore, retinol needed to physically bind PKCdelta, because mutation of the retinol binding site rendered PKCdelta unresponsive to Rol, while retaining responsiveness to phorbol ester.	Vitamin A	81-88	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	47-55
19812372-8	2010	Furthermore, retinol needed to physically bind PKCdelta, because mutation of the retinol binding site rendered PKCdelta unresponsive to Rol, while retaining responsiveness to phorbol ester.	Vitamin A	81-88	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	111-119
19812372-9	2010	The PKCdelta/retinol complex signaled the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex for enhanced flux of pyruvate into the Krebs cycle.	Vitamin A	13-20	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	4-12
20550030-9	2010	We observed up-regulated expression of the retinoid X receptor-alpha in the biliary epithelium of vitamin A-deficient rats that had undergone CBD ligation, but not in vitamin A-sufficient rats.	Vitamin A	98-107	retinoid X receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	43-68
19700416-0	2010	Acidic retinoids synergize with vitamin A to enhance retinol uptake and STRA6, LRAT, and CYP26B1 expression in neonatal lung.	Vitamin A	32-41	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
19700416-0	2010	Acidic retinoids synergize with vitamin A to enhance retinol uptake and STRA6, LRAT, and CYP26B1 expression in neonatal lung.	Vitamin A	32-41	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
19700416-5	2010	Retinol uptake and esterification during the period of absorption correlated with increased expression of both STRA6 (retinol-binding protein receptor) and LRAT (retinol esterification), while a reduction in RE after 12 h in Am580-treated, VA-supplemented rats correlated with a strong and persistent increase in CYP26B1 (RA hydroxylase).	Vitamin A	0-7	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Rattus norvegicus	111-116
19700416-5	2010	Retinol uptake and esterification during the period of absorption correlated with increased expression of both STRA6 (retinol-binding protein receptor) and LRAT (retinol esterification), while a reduction in RE after 12 h in Am580-treated, VA-supplemented rats correlated with a strong and persistent increase in CYP26B1 (RA hydroxylase).	Vitamin A	0-7	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
19700416-5	2010	Retinol uptake and esterification during the period of absorption correlated with increased expression of both STRA6 (retinol-binding protein receptor) and LRAT (retinol esterification), while a reduction in RE after 12 h in Am580-treated, VA-supplemented rats correlated with a strong and persistent increase in CYP26B1 (RA hydroxylase).	Vitamin A	0-7	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	313-320
19700416-6	2010	We conclude that neonatal lung RE can be increased synergistically by VA combined with both natural and synthetic acidic retinoids, concomitant with induction of the dyad of STRA6 and LRAT.	Vitamin A	70-72	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	184-188
19900011-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), a specific carrier for retinol in the blood, is a novel adipokine that has been implicated in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, and its gene expression has been associated with adipose tissue inflammation.	Vitamin A	68-75	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	11-36
19892706-13	2010	Binding of Rpe65 to liposomes containing phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylglycerol, but not the basic or neutral phospholipids, allowed the enzyme to extract its insoluble substrate, all-trans-retinyl palmitate, from the lipid bilayer for synthesis of 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	253-267	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	11-16
19900011-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), a specific carrier for retinol in the blood, is a novel adipokine that has been implicated in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, and its gene expression has been associated with adipose tissue inflammation.	Vitamin A	68-75	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
19900011-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), a specific carrier for retinol in the blood, is a novel adipokine that has been implicated in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, and its gene expression has been associated with adipose tissue inflammation.	Vitamin A	68-75	insulin	Homo sapiens	162-169
20113193-4	2010	In contrast, numbers of neurons that expressed the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin, which is a marker interneurons that express the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic neurons) were decreased for wild-type (Wt) rats on the VA-deficient diet and for Wt rats treated with morphine.	Vitamin A	254-256	parvalbumin	Rattus norvegicus	75-86
19920137-0	2010	RPE65, visual cycle retinol isomerase, is not inherently 11-cis-specific: support for a carbocation mechanism of retinol isomerization.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	0-5
21147712-0	2010	A combination of iron and retinol supplementation benefits iron status, IL-2 level and lymphocyte proliferation in anemic pregnant women.	Vitamin A	26-33	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	72-76
21077495-1	2010	AIMS: To determine serum retinol-binding rotein 4 (RBP-4) levels in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for an in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) cycle and the possible correlation to COH variables.	Vitamin A	25-32	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
19660753-7	2010	The risk associated with low retinol was comparable to strong risk factors (e.g. HDL-cholesterol, Interleukin-6) and behaved additively.	Vitamin A	29-36	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	98-111
20923554-9	2010	CONCLUSIONS: In vitamin A-replete mice, RARalpha1 is required to maintain normal mammary morphogenesis, but paradoxically, also efficient tumorigenesis.	Vitamin A	16-25	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	40-49
20832059-6	2010	We show that vitamin A-depleted animals have increased polymorphonuclear neutrophils, lymphoid DCs, and memory CD8(+) T cells and decreased CD4(+) T lymphocytes.	Vitamin A	13-22	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	140-143
19781919-3	2010	Subsequently, the retinol binding by beta-LG has been investigated in the presence of various amounts of this surfactant as its extrinsic functional binding fluorophore.	Vitamin A	18-25	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	37-44
19781919-4	2010	Comparison of the results allowed to determine the binding of retinol by beta-LG in the presence of DTAB.	Vitamin A	62-69	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	73-80
19892132-13	2010	Vitamin A: In 1913, Ishihara proposed that a "fatty substance" in blood is necessary for synthesis of both rhodopsin and the surface layer of the cornea, and that night blindness and keratomalacia develop when this substance is deficient.	Vitamin A	0-9	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	107-116
19925625-4	2010	The ADH4 gene encodes the class II ADH4 pi subunit, which contributes, in addition to alcohol, to the metabolization of a wide variety of substrates, including retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and biogenic amines.	Vitamin A	160-167	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	4-8
19925625-4	2010	The ADH4 gene encodes the class II ADH4 pi subunit, which contributes, in addition to alcohol, to the metabolization of a wide variety of substrates, including retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and biogenic amines.	Vitamin A	160-167	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	35-39
20209433-8	2010	Similar results were obtained in avian embryos: Vitamin A-deficient quail embryos have defective expression of 3 Hox genes (i.e. Hoxb1, Hoxb4 ) in the neural tube, but their early expression in the primitive streak and emerging paraxial and lateral mesoderm is not affected.	Vitamin A	48-57	homeobox B1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	129-134
20209433-8	2010	Similar results were obtained in avian embryos: Vitamin A-deficient quail embryos have defective expression of 3 Hox genes (i.e. Hoxb1, Hoxb4 ) in the neural tube, but their early expression in the primitive streak and emerging paraxial and lateral mesoderm is not affected.	Vitamin A	48-57	homeobox B4 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	136-141
20563989-1	2010	Two new components of the retinoic acid (RA) synthetic pathway, the cell surface receptor for retinol, Stra6, and the enzyme converting retinol into retinal, Rdh10, have recently been described.	Vitamin A	94-101	stimulated by retinoic acid 6	Gallus gallus	103-108
20563989-1	2010	Two new components of the retinoic acid (RA) synthetic pathway, the cell surface receptor for retinol, Stra6, and the enzyme converting retinol into retinal, Rdh10, have recently been described.	Vitamin A	94-101	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Gallus gallus	158-163
20563989-7	2010	In the case of co-localisation with Cyp1B1 in the hindbrain mesenchyme, this reveals that retinol is taken up into the cells for conversion to RA by Cyp1B1 and used in establishing ventral progenitor domains in the hindbrain.	Vitamin A	90-97	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1	Gallus gallus	36-42
20563989-7	2010	In the case of co-localisation with Cyp1B1 in the hindbrain mesenchyme, this reveals that retinol is taken up into the cells for conversion to RA by Cyp1B1 and used in establishing ventral progenitor domains in the hindbrain.	Vitamin A	90-97	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1	Gallus gallus	149-155
20104263-8	2010	The results suggest that retinol supplement increases the antiviral effect of interferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin only during the administration of IFN alpha-2b, ribavirin and retinol in patients with chronic hepatitis C.	Vitamin A	25-32	interferon alpha 2	Homo sapiens	78-97
20104263-8	2010	The results suggest that retinol supplement increases the antiviral effect of interferon alpha-2b plus ribavirin only during the administration of IFN alpha-2b, ribavirin and retinol in patients with chronic hepatitis C.	Vitamin A	175-182	interferon alpha 2	Homo sapiens	78-97
19860856-6	2010	Retinoid synthetic enzymes and the retinol transport protein Stra6 were located in the cells lining the third ventricle allowing synthesis of RA from retinol present in the CNS to act via RA receptors and retinoid X receptors in the hypothalamus.	Vitamin A	35-42	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	61-66
20924143-6	2010	Significant correlation was observed between baseline concentrations of retinol and C-reactive protein (r(s)=-0.54, p<0.01).	Vitamin A	72-79	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	84-102
20924143-10	2010	In conclusion, a significant correlation was observed between serum retinol and C-reactive protein.	Vitamin A	68-75	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	80-98
20552421-3	2010	It does so by absorbing retinol via a receptor-mediated process that involves the interaction of a carrier protein secreted by the liver, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and a receptor/channel that is the gene product of STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6).	Vitamin A	24-31	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	138-161
20552421-3	2010	It does so by absorbing retinol via a receptor-mediated process that involves the interaction of a carrier protein secreted by the liver, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and a receptor/channel that is the gene product of STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6).	Vitamin A	24-31	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	163-166
20552421-3	2010	It does so by absorbing retinol via a receptor-mediated process that involves the interaction of a carrier protein secreted by the liver, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and a receptor/channel that is the gene product of STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6).	Vitamin A	24-31	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	220-225
20552422-4	2010	Retinol/vitamin A induces the overexpression of Nanog, a key transcription factor that is important for maintaining the pluripotency of mouse and human ES cells.	Vitamin A	0-7	Nanog homeobox	Mus musculus	48-53
20552422-4	2010	Retinol/vitamin A induces the overexpression of Nanog, a key transcription factor that is important for maintaining the pluripotency of mouse and human ES cells.	Vitamin A	8-17	Nanog homeobox	Mus musculus	48-53
20552425-3	2010	In rod photoreceptor outer segments, all-trans-retinol is generated after light exposure from the reduction of all-trans-retinal that is released from bleached rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	37-54	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	160-169
20552430-1	2010	The retinol carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP) forms in blood a complex with the thyroid hormone carrier transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	20-43
20552430-1	2010	The retinol carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP) forms in blood a complex with the thyroid hormone carrier transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	45-48
20552430-1	2010	The retinol carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP) forms in blood a complex with the thyroid hormone carrier transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	4-11	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	108-121
20552430-1	2010	The retinol carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP) forms in blood a complex with the thyroid hormone carrier transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	4-11	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	123-126
20552430-3	2010	RBP represents the prototypic lipocalin, in the internal cavity of which the retinol molecule is accommodated.	Vitamin A	77-84	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
20552430-4	2010	Due to the tight binding of retinol within a substantially apolar binding site, an intense fluorescence emission characterizes the RBP-bound vitamin.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	131-134
20552430-5	2010	The addition of TTR to the retinol-RBP complex (holoRBP) causes a marked increase in the fluorescence anisotropy of the RBP-bound retinol within the system, due to the formation of the holoRBP-TTR complex, which allows the interaction between the two proteins to be monitored.	Vitamin A	27-34	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	16-19
20552430-5	2010	The addition of TTR to the retinol-RBP complex (holoRBP) causes a marked increase in the fluorescence anisotropy of the RBP-bound retinol within the system, due to the formation of the holoRBP-TTR complex, which allows the interaction between the two proteins to be monitored.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	35-38
20552430-5	2010	The addition of TTR to the retinol-RBP complex (holoRBP) causes a marked increase in the fluorescence anisotropy of the RBP-bound retinol within the system, due to the formation of the holoRBP-TTR complex, which allows the interaction between the two proteins to be monitored.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	52-55
20552430-5	2010	The addition of TTR to the retinol-RBP complex (holoRBP) causes a marked increase in the fluorescence anisotropy of the RBP-bound retinol within the system, due to the formation of the holoRBP-TTR complex, which allows the interaction between the two proteins to be monitored.	Vitamin A	27-34	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	193-196
20552430-7	2010	In the latter cases, the fluorescence signal is provided by a fluorescent probe covalently linked to TTR rather than by RBP-bound retinol.	Vitamin A	130-137	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	120-123
20552431-2	2010	In this assay, the intrinsic fluorescence from the RBP-retinol complex excites a probe molecule which is covalently coupled to TTR.	Vitamin A	55-62	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-54
20552431-2	2010	In this assay, the intrinsic fluorescence from the RBP-retinol complex excites a probe molecule which is covalently coupled to TTR.	Vitamin A	55-62	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	127-130
20552431-3	2010	Generation of an emission signal from the TTR probe indicates interaction between RBP-retinol and TTR.	Vitamin A	86-93	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	42-45
20552431-3	2010	Generation of an emission signal from the TTR probe indicates interaction between RBP-retinol and TTR.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	82-85
20552431-3	2010	Generation of an emission signal from the TTR probe indicates interaction between RBP-retinol and TTR.	Vitamin A	86-93	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	98-101
20552431-4	2010	Importantly, the inclusion of retinol in the assay allows discrimination of test compounds which bind RBP versus those which bind to TTR.	Vitamin A	30-37	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	102-105
20552431-5	2010	Thus, compounds which bind to RBP must compete with retinol in order to affect RBP-TTR interaction.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	30-33
20552431-5	2010	Thus, compounds which bind to RBP must compete with retinol in order to affect RBP-TTR interaction.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	79-82
20552431-5	2010	Thus, compounds which bind to RBP must compete with retinol in order to affect RBP-TTR interaction.	Vitamin A	52-59	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	83-86
20552439-1	2010	STRA6 is a multitransmembrane domain protein that was recently identified as the cell-surface receptor for plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), the vitamin A carrier protein in the blood.	Vitamin A	149-158	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
20552439-1	2010	STRA6 is a multitransmembrane domain protein that was recently identified as the cell-surface receptor for plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), the vitamin A carrier protein in the blood.	Vitamin A	149-158	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	139-142
20552439-2	2010	STRA6 binds to RBP with high affinity and mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A from RBP.	Vitamin A	70-79	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
20552439-2	2010	STRA6 binds to RBP with high affinity and mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A from RBP.	Vitamin A	70-79	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	15-18
20552439-2	2010	STRA6 binds to RBP with high affinity and mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A from RBP.	Vitamin A	70-79	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	85-88
20552439-4	2010	Consistent with the diverse physiological functions of vitamin A, STRA6 is widely expressed in diverse adult organs and throughout embryonic development.	Vitamin A	55-64	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	66-71
20552439-5	2010	Mutations in human STRA6 that abolish its vitamin A uptake activity cause severe pathological phenotypes in many human organs including the eye, brain, lung, and heart.	Vitamin A	42-51	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	19-24
18830789-6	2010	Serum retinol inversely correlated with AST (r = -0.236, P = 0.036) and ALT (r = -0.241, P = 0.032).	Vitamin A	6-13	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	40-43
20553078-3	2009	We here evaluated associations of serum levels of carotenoids and retinol with IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 within the context of the JACC Study.	Vitamin A	66-73	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	79-84
20553078-8	2009	Serum IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 levels increased with increasing serum retinol levels.	Vitamin A	72-79	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	6-11
20553078-8	2009	Serum IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 levels increased with increasing serum retinol levels.	Vitamin A	72-79	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	13-19
20553078-8	2009	Serum IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 levels increased with increasing serum retinol levels.	Vitamin A	72-79	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	25-32
20553078-11	2009	The current study indicates that positive associations exist for serum retinol levels with serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 independent of age, BMI, smoking habits, drinking habits, and intake of energy and protein among Japanese healthy men and women.	Vitamin A	71-78	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	107-112
20553078-11	2009	The current study indicates that positive associations exist for serum retinol levels with serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 independent of age, BMI, smoking habits, drinking habits, and intake of energy and protein among Japanese healthy men and women.	Vitamin A	71-78	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	114-120
20553078-11	2009	The current study indicates that positive associations exist for serum retinol levels with serum levels of IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGFBP-3 independent of age, BMI, smoking habits, drinking habits, and intake of energy and protein among Japanese healthy men and women.	Vitamin A	71-78	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	126-133
19786482-0	2009	Integration of heterogeneous expression data sets extends the role of the retinol pathway in diabetes and insulin resistance.	Vitamin A	74-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
19786482-7	2009	This analysis reveals RetSat as a widely shared component of mechanisms involved in insulin resistance and sensitivity and adds to the growing importance of the retinol pathway in diabetes, adipogenesis and insulin resistance.	Vitamin A	161-168	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
19786482-7	2009	This analysis reveals RetSat as a widely shared component of mechanisms involved in insulin resistance and sensitivity and adds to the growing importance of the retinol pathway in diabetes, adipogenesis and insulin resistance.	Vitamin A	161-168	insulin	Homo sapiens	207-214
19785912-1	2010	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a plasma protein involved in retinol transportation, and recent evidence in rodents suggests that RBP4 is also a metabolic regulator that modifies insulin sensitivity.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	0-25
19785912-1	2010	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a plasma protein involved in retinol transportation, and recent evidence in rodents suggests that RBP4 is also a metabolic regulator that modifies insulin sensitivity.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	27-31
21058193-2	2010	Cox proportional hazards models describe the relationship between dose quartiles of isotretinoin and retinol use and time to first occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in crude and adjusted models.	Vitamin A	101-108	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	170-173
21058193-4	2010	Crude and adjusted retinol models show a statistically significant increase in risk of developing an SCC in the first quartile, whereas only the crude model shows a statistically significant increase in risk in the first quartile of the isotretinoin model.	Vitamin A	19-26	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	101-104
21058196-7	2010	The association between ATM diplotype and the breast cancer risk was predominantly among women with low intake of antioxidant vitamins including vitamin A, vitamin C, and folic acid.	Vitamin A	145-154	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	24-27
19580869-5	2010	Fluorescence spectroscopy experiments show that mLcn6 prepared according to our procedure has high affinities to both retinoic acid (K(d)=810nM) and retinol (K(d)=210nM).	Vitamin A	149-156	lipocalin 6	Mus musculus	48-53
19890980-0	2010	A novel signaling by vitamin A/retinol promotes self renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor.	Vitamin A	21-30	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	110-113
19890980-0	2010	A novel signaling by vitamin A/retinol promotes self renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor.	Vitamin A	21-30	insulin-like growth factor I receptor	Mus musculus	136-173
19890980-0	2010	A novel signaling by vitamin A/retinol promotes self renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor.	Vitamin A	31-38	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	110-113
19890980-0	2010	A novel signaling by vitamin A/retinol promotes self renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway via insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor.	Vitamin A	31-38	insulin-like growth factor I receptor	Mus musculus	136-173
19890980-5	2010	Our earlier studies revealed that retinol, the alcohol form of vitamin A, enhances the expression of Nanog and prevents differentiation of ES cells in long-term cultures.	Vitamin A	34-41	Nanog homeobox	Homo sapiens	101-106
19890980-5	2010	Our earlier studies revealed that retinol, the alcohol form of vitamin A, enhances the expression of Nanog and prevents differentiation of ES cells in long-term cultures.	Vitamin A	63-72	Nanog homeobox	Homo sapiens	101-106
20003456-1	2009	BACKGROUND: beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCMO1) catalyzes the crucial first step in vitamin A biosynthesis in animals.	Vitamin A	91-100	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	12-46
20003456-1	2009	BACKGROUND: beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCMO1) catalyzes the crucial first step in vitamin A biosynthesis in animals.	Vitamin A	91-100	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	48-53
20011517-5	2009	Genetic mapping revealed a mutation resulting in a glycine to arginine change in the catalytic domain of the aldh1a2 gene, which is required for the production of retinoic acid from vitamin A.	Vitamin A	182-191	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2	Danio rerio	109-116
19922331-1	2009	Transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetrameric protein involved in thyroid hormone transport in blood and in retinol binding in the central nervous system.	Vitamin A	102-109	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
19922331-1	2009	Transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetrameric protein involved in thyroid hormone transport in blood and in retinol binding in the central nervous system.	Vitamin A	102-109	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
19608538-0	2009	Retinol-binding site in interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP): a novel hydrophobic cavity.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	24-67
19608538-0	2009	Retinol-binding site in interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP): a novel hydrophobic cavity.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	69-73
27635169-6	2009	More likely is that the released vitamin A is converted to RA, the biological form, and then bound to a specific receptor (retinoid x receptor; RXRalpha), which is most abundantly expressed in the liver.	Vitamin A	33-42	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	144-152
19723663-7	2009	Nevertheless, cell culture experiments revealed that overexpression of Es22 attenuated the formation of cellular RE stores, presumably by counteracting retinol esterification at the ER.	Vitamin A	152-159	carboxylesterase 1E	Mus musculus	71-75
19723663-10	2009	Interestingly, however, Gus was capable of hydrolyzing the naturally occurring vitamin A metabolite retinoyl beta-glucuronide.	Vitamin A	79-88	glucuronidase, beta	Mus musculus	24-27
20041796-4	2009	Vitamin A supplementation at either therapeutic (1,000 and 2,500 IU/kg) or excessive (4,500 and 9,000 IU/kg) doses for 3, 7, or 28 days induced lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and oxidation of protein thiol groups, as well as change in catalase and superoxide dismutase activity.	Vitamin A	0-9	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	247-255
19770350-2	2009	Stereospecific saturation of the C(13)-C(14) double bond of all-trans-retinol by the enzyme, retinol saturase (RetSat), leads to the production of (R)-all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol.	Vitamin A	60-77	retinol saturase	Homo sapiens	93-109
19770350-2	2009	Stereospecific saturation of the C(13)-C(14) double bond of all-trans-retinol by the enzyme, retinol saturase (RetSat), leads to the production of (R)-all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol.	Vitamin A	60-77	retinol saturase	Homo sapiens	111-117
20193349-7	2009	The serum retinol and RBP(4) levels in COPD patients with malnutrition [(246 +/- 18) microg/L and (6.4 +/- 1.0) mg/L individually] were significantly lower than those in COPD patients without malnutrition [(290 +/- 14) microg/L and (8.2 +/- 3.2) mg/L individually, q = 3.35, P < 0.05 and q = 10.22, P < 0.01 respectively], but the levels of serum retinol and RBP(4) in COPD patients without malnutrition were significantly lower than those in the healthy controls [(338 +/- 13) microg/L and (11.4 +/- 4.1) mg/L respectively, q = 2.26, P < 0.05 and q = 4.82, P < 0.01 respectively].	Vitamin A	10-17	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	365-371
19841174-2	2009	Expression of gut-homing molecules alpha(4)beta(7) and CCR9 is induced by retinoic acid, a vitamin A metabolite produced by retinal dehydrogenases, which are specifically expressed in dendritic cells as well as stromal cells in mucosa-draining lymph nodes.	Vitamin A	91-100	C-C motif chemokine receptor 9	Homo sapiens	55-59
19760653-8	2009	During pregnancy maternal vitamin A is taken up by retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) which is expressed in the embryonic visceral endoderm from pregastrulational stages.	Vitamin A	26-35	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-76
19389484-1	2009	Retinol-binding protein (RBP4) transports retinol in the circulation from hepatic stores to peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	25-29
19454764-8	2009	However, only CLA t10,c12 enhances hepatic retinol secretion, resulting in increased serum levels of retinol and its specific carrier, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	101-108	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
19454764-10	2009	Using mice lacking RBP, we also demonstrate that this key protein in retinoid metabolism mediates hepatic retinol secretion and its redistribution toward fat tissue induced by CLA t10,c12 supplementation.	Vitamin A	106-113	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	19-22
19703561-8	2009	For SDR-O a weak conversion of retinal into retinol was detectable in the presence of the cofactor NADH.	Vitamin A	44-51	short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7	Homo sapiens	4-9
19665514-1	2009	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma protein mostly known for being the transporter of thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	96-103	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
19665514-1	2009	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma protein mostly known for being the transporter of thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	96-103	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
19760653-8	2009	During pregnancy maternal vitamin A is taken up by retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) which is expressed in the embryonic visceral endoderm from pregastrulational stages.	Vitamin A	26-35	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	78-82
19632226-0	2009	High and low vitamin A therapies induce distinct FoxP3+ T-cell subsets and effectively control intestinal inflammation.	Vitamin A	13-22	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	49-54
19632226-5	2009	We also investigated the phenotype and function of FoxP3(+) T cells induced in different levels of vitamin A availability in regulation of intestinal inflammation in a T-cell-induced inflammation model in SCID mice.	Vitamin A	99-108	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	51-56
19632226-6	2009	RESULTS: The limited and excessive vitamin A conditions induced distinct FoxP3(+) T-cell subsets in vivo, and both ameliorated the intestinal inflammation in SAMP1/YP mice.	Vitamin A	35-44	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	73-78
19632226-6	2009	RESULTS: The limited and excessive vitamin A conditions induced distinct FoxP3(+) T-cell subsets in vivo, and both ameliorated the intestinal inflammation in SAMP1/YP mice.	Vitamin A	35-44	transmembrane protein 201	Mus musculus	158-163
19632226-7	2009	The limited vitamin A condition greatly induced unusual CD103(+)CCR7(+) FoxP3(+) cells, while the high vitamin A condition induced CCR9(+)alpha4beta7(+) FoxP3(+) T cells in the intestine.	Vitamin A	12-21	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7	Mus musculus	64-68
19632226-7	2009	The limited vitamin A condition greatly induced unusual CD103(+)CCR7(+) FoxP3(+) cells, while the high vitamin A condition induced CCR9(+)alpha4beta7(+) FoxP3(+) T cells in the intestine.	Vitamin A	12-21	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	72-77
19632226-7	2009	The limited vitamin A condition greatly induced unusual CD103(+)CCR7(+) FoxP3(+) cells, while the high vitamin A condition induced CCR9(+)alpha4beta7(+) FoxP3(+) T cells in the intestine.	Vitamin A	103-112	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9	Mus musculus	131-135
19632226-7	2009	The limited vitamin A condition greatly induced unusual CD103(+)CCR7(+) FoxP3(+) cells, while the high vitamin A condition induced CCR9(+)alpha4beta7(+) FoxP3(+) T cells in the intestine.	Vitamin A	103-112	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	153-158
19632226-9	2009	Blockade or lack of occupancy of RARalpha is a mechanism to induce highly suppressive CD103(+)CCR7(+) FoxP3(+) cells in both the thymus and periphery in limited vitamin A availability.	Vitamin A	161-170	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	33-41
19632226-9	2009	Blockade or lack of occupancy of RARalpha is a mechanism to induce highly suppressive CD103(+)CCR7(+) FoxP3(+) cells in both the thymus and periphery in limited vitamin A availability.	Vitamin A	161-170	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 7	Mus musculus	94-98
19775037-9	2009	Vitamin A concentration was weakly associated with the C-reactive protein concentrations on days one and five (Spearman"s r = -0.5 [P = 0.001], -0.4 [P = 0.03], respectively).	Vitamin A	0-9	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	55-73
19665987-1	2009	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is essential for vitamin A storage.	Vitamin A	57-66	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-32
19665987-1	2009	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is essential for vitamin A storage.	Vitamin A	57-66	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
19747427-7	2009	Mitogen-stimulated IL-2, IL-4 and TNFalpha increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the vitamin A but not placebo group after supplementation, while IL-10 production was significantly and negatively correlated with vitamin A stores (P < 0.05).	Vitamin A	88-97	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	19-23
19747427-7	2009	Mitogen-stimulated IL-2, IL-4 and TNFalpha increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the vitamin A but not placebo group after supplementation, while IL-10 production was significantly and negatively correlated with vitamin A stores (P < 0.05).	Vitamin A	88-97	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	25-29
19747427-7	2009	Mitogen-stimulated IL-2, IL-4 and TNFalpha increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the vitamin A but not placebo group after supplementation, while IL-10 production was significantly and negatively correlated with vitamin A stores (P < 0.05).	Vitamin A	88-97	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	34-42
19747427-7	2009	Mitogen-stimulated IL-2, IL-4 and TNFalpha increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the vitamin A but not placebo group after supplementation, while IL-10 production was significantly and negatively correlated with vitamin A stores (P < 0.05).	Vitamin A	88-97	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	149-154
19747427-7	2009	Mitogen-stimulated IL-2, IL-4 and TNFalpha increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the vitamin A but not placebo group after supplementation, while IL-10 production was significantly and negatively correlated with vitamin A stores (P < 0.05).	Vitamin A	215-224	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	149-154
19594405-6	2009	CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 appear to be the major P450 enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinoic acid in human liver, and CYP3A4 is one of the vitamin D3 25-hydroxylases.	Vitamin A	82-99	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
19471295-9	2009	In a multiple regression analysis, after adjustment for CRP, low vitamin A (beta=3.2, 95%CI (confidence interval) 1.6-4.9, P=0.000) but not zinc, correlated with the severity of TB.	Vitamin A	65-74	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	56-59
19255841-0	2009	Increased receptor for advanced glycation endproducts immunocontent in the cerebral cortex of vitamin A-treated rats.	Vitamin A	94-103	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	10-53
19255841-4	2009	Then, based on the previously reported data, we investigated here receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) immunocontent and oxidative damage levels in cerebral cortex of vitamin A-treated rats at clinical doses (1,000-9,000 IU/kg day(-1)).	Vitamin A	181-190	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	66-109
19255841-4	2009	Then, based on the previously reported data, we investigated here receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) immunocontent and oxidative damage levels in cerebral cortex of vitamin A-treated rats at clinical doses (1,000-9,000 IU/kg day(-1)).	Vitamin A	181-190	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
19255841-5	2009	RAGE immunocontent, as well as oxidative damage levels, were observed increased in cerebral cortex of vitamin A-treated rats.	Vitamin A	102-111	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
19255841-6	2009	Whether increased RAGE levels exert negative effects during vitamin A supplementation it remains to be investigated, but it is very likely that deleterious consequences may arise from such alteration.	Vitamin A	60-69	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
19886770-3	2009	The germ cells that remained in the vitamin A deficient (VAD) rat testis were spermatogonia and a few preleptotene spermatocytes.	Vitamin A	36-45	potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
19886770-4	2009	Spermatogenesis can be reinitiated by injection of VAD rats with retinol, the metabolic precursor of retinoic acid, but to date, the functions of retinoic acid in the testis remain elusive.	Vitamin A	65-72	potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
19886770-5	2009	We have applied DNA microarray technology to investigate the time-dependent transcriptome changes that occur 4 to 24 h after retinol replenishment in the VAD rat testis.	Vitamin A	125-132	potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	154-157
19492794-1	2009	In the classic retinoid cycle, 11-cis retinol is synthesized in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) by two enzymes: Isomerase I (RPE65) and lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	31-45	RPE65, retinoid isomerohydrolase	Gallus gallus	130-135
19492794-1	2009	In the classic retinoid cycle, 11-cis retinol is synthesized in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) by two enzymes: Isomerase I (RPE65) and lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	31-45	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	141-173
19474143-2	2009	However, problems due to the relative instability of retinol, which is measured in the traditional RDR test, could be circumvented if retinol-binding protein (RBP), a more stable marker of VA, could be measured instead of retinol to provide the RDR value.	Vitamin A	134-141	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	159-162
19474143-5	2009	By using regression analysis, we explored the effects of 1) body mass index (BMI) on RBP-RDR performance and 2) the oral VA dose on the retinol-RBP molar ratio.	Vitamin A	136-143	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	144-147
19474143-8	2009	The discrepancy between RBP-RDR and retinol-RDR appears to originate in a retinol concentration-dependent alteration of the retinol-RBP molar ratio triggered by the oral dose.	Vitamin A	36-43	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	132-135
19474143-8	2009	The discrepancy between RBP-RDR and retinol-RDR appears to originate in a retinol concentration-dependent alteration of the retinol-RBP molar ratio triggered by the oral dose.	Vitamin A	74-81	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	24-27
19474143-8	2009	The discrepancy between RBP-RDR and retinol-RDR appears to originate in a retinol concentration-dependent alteration of the retinol-RBP molar ratio triggered by the oral dose.	Vitamin A	74-81	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	132-135
19474143-8	2009	The discrepancy between RBP-RDR and retinol-RDR appears to originate in a retinol concentration-dependent alteration of the retinol-RBP molar ratio triggered by the oral dose.	Vitamin A	74-81	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	24-27
19474143-8	2009	The discrepancy between RBP-RDR and retinol-RDR appears to originate in a retinol concentration-dependent alteration of the retinol-RBP molar ratio triggered by the oral dose.	Vitamin A	74-81	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	132-135
19474143-9	2009	CONCLUSIONS: RBP-RDR has the potential to serve as a moderately accurate surrogate measure of retinol-RDR if the variation associated with BMI is understood and adjusted.	Vitamin A	94-101	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	13-16
19474143-10	2009	Further studies should clarify the dynamics of the retinol-RBP molar ratio and its link to RBP-RDR performance.	Vitamin A	51-58	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	59-62
19474143-10	2009	Further studies should clarify the dynamics of the retinol-RBP molar ratio and its link to RBP-RDR performance.	Vitamin A	51-58	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	91-94
19471114-1	2009	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is an enzyme that converts retinol (vitamin A) to retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	9-16	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	34-38
19471114-1	2009	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is an enzyme that converts retinol (vitamin A) to retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	76-85	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-32
19471114-1	2009	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is an enzyme that converts retinol (vitamin A) to retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	76-85	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	34-38
19246492-6	2009	REH activity in white adipose tissue (WAT) of HSL-null mice was completely blunted and accompanied by increased levels of retinyl esters and decreased levels of retinol, retinaldehyde and all-trans RA.	Vitamin A	161-168	lipase, hormone sensitive	Mus musculus	46-49
23105842-15	2009	with vitamin A shows significant reduction in the activities of CK, CK-MB and AST.	Vitamin A	5-14	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	68-81
19401362-1	2009	CONTEXT: The serum protein transthyretin (TTR) plays an important role in the transport of thyroid hormone and retinol, which are critical for normal development of the human fetus.	Vitamin A	111-118	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	27-40
19401362-1	2009	CONTEXT: The serum protein transthyretin (TTR) plays an important role in the transport of thyroid hormone and retinol, which are critical for normal development of the human fetus.	Vitamin A	111-118	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	42-45
20032440-10	2009	A significant correlation was observed between CRP and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, retinol, ferritin, and CEA.	Vitamin A	93-100	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	47-50
20032440-11	2009	CEA correlated with hemoglobin, retinol, and ferritin.	Vitamin A	32-39	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
19539783-3	2009	Previous studies demonstrated that vitamin A deficient quail embryos and Raldh2(-/-) mouse embryos lacking RA synthesis exhibit ectopic expression of Fgf8 and Wnt8a in the developing trunk.	Vitamin A	35-44	fibroblast growth factor 8	Mus musculus	150-154
19539783-3	2009	Previous studies demonstrated that vitamin A deficient quail embryos and Raldh2(-/-) mouse embryos lacking RA synthesis exhibit ectopic expression of Fgf8 and Wnt8a in the developing trunk.	Vitamin A	35-44	wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 8A	Mus musculus	159-164
19524110-7	2009	Tyrosine kinase A (Trk A) receptor level was significantly higher in the CON and AEX groups than in the ACON group (p<0.01).	Vitamin A	104-108	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-17
19524110-7	2009	Tyrosine kinase A (Trk A) receptor level was significantly higher in the CON and AEX groups than in the ACON group (p<0.01).	Vitamin A	104-108	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
19877527-7	2009	CONCLUSION: vitamin A deficiency can change cellular iron metabolism by inducing IRP2-Fn-TFR pathway.	Vitamin A	12-21	iron responsive element binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
19877527-7	2009	CONCLUSION: vitamin A deficiency can change cellular iron metabolism by inducing IRP2-Fn-TFR pathway.	Vitamin A	12-21	transferrin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
19877527-9	2009	Taken together, these results indicate that vitamin A deficiency can regulate iron metabolism by IRP2-TFR-Fn pathway.	Vitamin A	44-53	iron responsive element binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
19877527-9	2009	Taken together, these results indicate that vitamin A deficiency can regulate iron metabolism by IRP2-TFR-Fn pathway.	Vitamin A	44-53	transferrin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
19539804-4	2009	In the herein presented work, we performed some experiments aiming to investigate the effects of clinically applied doses of vitamin A (1000-9000 IU/kg/day during 28 days) on rat hypothalamic redox state and mitochondrial electron transfer chain (METC) activity, as well as on hypothalamic alpha-synuclein and D2 receptor (dopamine receptor) contents.	Vitamin A	125-134	synuclein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	290-305
19294396-0	2009	Both all-trans retinoic acid and cytochrome P450 (CYP26) inhibitors affect the expression of vitamin A metabolizing enzymes and retinoid biomarkers in organotypic epidermis.	Vitamin A	93-102	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
19294396-1	2009	The biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA) from retinol is controlled by several enzymes, e.g. dehydrogenases (RalDH2, RoDH-4) and retinol-esterifying enzyme (LRAT), whereas its degradation mainly involves CYP26 enzymes.	Vitamin A	44-51	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2	Homo sapiens	107-113
19294396-1	2009	The biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA) from retinol is controlled by several enzymes, e.g. dehydrogenases (RalDH2, RoDH-4) and retinol-esterifying enzyme (LRAT), whereas its degradation mainly involves CYP26 enzymes.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Homo sapiens	115-121
19294396-1	2009	The biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA) from retinol is controlled by several enzymes, e.g. dehydrogenases (RalDH2, RoDH-4) and retinol-esterifying enzyme (LRAT), whereas its degradation mainly involves CYP26 enzymes.	Vitamin A	44-51	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	155-159
19294396-1	2009	The biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA) from retinol is controlled by several enzymes, e.g. dehydrogenases (RalDH2, RoDH-4) and retinol-esterifying enzyme (LRAT), whereas its degradation mainly involves CYP26 enzymes.	Vitamin A	44-51	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	202-207
19294396-4	2009	RA induced the expression of CYP26 enzymes already after 8 h, whereas LRAT exhibited a later response and peaked at 48 h, indicating a feedback induction of retinol esterification.	Vitamin A	157-164	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	70-74
19294396-5	2009	In line with a reduced biosynthesis of RA from retinol after exogenous RA, the expression of RDH16 reduced 80% in response to exogenous RA.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Homo sapiens	93-98
19228758-4	2009	The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of plasma retinol levels on oxidative stress biomarkers, especially on delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase.	Vitamin A	62-69	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	123-156
19228758-8	2009	Retinol levels were correlated with MDA levels (r = 0.68), CAT (r = 0.39), SOD (r = 0.40) and ALA-D (r = -0.55).	Vitamin A	0-7	catalase	Homo sapiens	59-62
19228758-8	2009	Retinol levels were correlated with MDA levels (r = 0.68), CAT (r = 0.39), SOD (r = 0.40) and ALA-D (r = -0.55).	Vitamin A	0-7	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	75-78
19228758-8	2009	Retinol levels were correlated with MDA levels (r = 0.68), CAT (r = 0.39), SOD (r = 0.40) and ALA-D (r = -0.55).	Vitamin A	0-7	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	94-99
19228758-9	2009	A partial correlation between retinol levels with ALA-D (r = 0.43), SOD (r = 0.30) and CAT (r = 0.36) activity was found, utilizing MDA levels as co-variable.	Vitamin A	30-37	aminolevulinate dehydratase	Homo sapiens	50-55
19228758-9	2009	A partial correlation between retinol levels with ALA-D (r = 0.43), SOD (r = 0.30) and CAT (r = 0.36) activity was found, utilizing MDA levels as co-variable.	Vitamin A	30-37	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	68-71
19228758-9	2009	A partial correlation between retinol levels with ALA-D (r = 0.43), SOD (r = 0.30) and CAT (r = 0.36) activity was found, utilizing MDA levels as co-variable.	Vitamin A	30-37	catalase	Homo sapiens	87-90
19228758-10	2009	CONCLUSION: Higher retinol levels may be associated with the increase of SOD and CAT activities, but this increase was not sufficient to prevent the lipid peroxidation and ALA-D thiolic group oxidation.	Vitamin A	19-26	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	73-76
19228758-10	2009	CONCLUSION: Higher retinol levels may be associated with the increase of SOD and CAT activities, but this increase was not sufficient to prevent the lipid peroxidation and ALA-D thiolic group oxidation.	Vitamin A	19-26	catalase	Homo sapiens	81-84
19342198-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: We studied the effect of dietary vitamin A deprivation on lipid composition and mRNA expression of regulatory enzymes involved in rat heart energetic lipid metabolism and its relation to the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) genes.	Vitamin A	44-53	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	216-258
19342198-14	2009	Alteration of mitochondrial energetic processes by modifying the activity and gene expressions of the regulatory enzymes is associated with a high PPAR expression induced by vitamin A deprivation.	Vitamin A	174-183	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
19594405-6	2009	CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 appear to be the major P450 enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinoic acid in human liver, and CYP3A4 is one of the vitamin D3 25-hydroxylases.	Vitamin A	82-99	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	11-17
19594405-6	2009	CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 appear to be the major P450 enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinoic acid in human liver, and CYP3A4 is one of the vitamin D3 25-hydroxylases.	Vitamin A	82-99	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	147-153
19842843-0	2009	Vitamin A supplementation induces oxidative stress and decreases the immunocontent of catalase and superoxide dismutase in rat lungs.	Vitamin A	0-9	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	86-94
19842843-4	2009	Vitamin A supplementation either at therapeutic (1000 and 2500 IU/kg) or excessive (4500 and 9000 IU/kg) doses for 28 days induced lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and oxidation of protein thiol groups, as well as change in catalase (EC 1.11.1.6; CAT) and superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1, SOD) activities and immunocontents.	Vitamin A	0-9	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	234-242
19144697-2	2009	The alpha-secretase ADAM10 has been found to be regulated by retinoic acid, the bioreactive metabolite of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	106-115	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10	Homo sapiens	20-26
19144697-5	2009	On the basis of these findings, we examined the effect of synthetic retinoids and found a strong enhancement of nonamyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein by the vitamin A analog acitretin: it stimulated ADAM10 promoter activity with an EC(50) of 1.5 microM and led to an increase of mature ADAM10 protein that resulted in a two- to three-fold increase of the ratio between alpha- and beta-secretase activity in neuroblastoma cells.	Vitamin A	180-189	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10	Homo sapiens	222-228
19144697-5	2009	On the basis of these findings, we examined the effect of synthetic retinoids and found a strong enhancement of nonamyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein by the vitamin A analog acitretin: it stimulated ADAM10 promoter activity with an EC(50) of 1.5 microM and led to an increase of mature ADAM10 protein that resulted in a two- to three-fold increase of the ratio between alpha- and beta-secretase activity in neuroblastoma cells.	Vitamin A	180-189	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10	Homo sapiens	309-315
19689088-9	2009	Both vitamin A and iron deficiencies were independently associated with lower z-scores for body-mass-index-for-age, after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and C-reactive protein concentrations.	Vitamin A	5-14	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	166-184
19329942-1	2009	Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), a detoxifying enzyme responsible for the oxidation of intracellular aldehydes, was shown to have a function in the early differentiation of stem cells, through its function in oxidizing retinol to retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	220-227	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	0-24
19329942-1	2009	Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), a detoxifying enzyme responsible for the oxidation of intracellular aldehydes, was shown to have a function in the early differentiation of stem cells, through its function in oxidizing retinol to retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	220-227	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	26-31
19074801-9	2009	Based on the previously reported crystal structure of Xenopus IRBP, the authors predict that the Asp1080-mediated conserved salt bridge that appears to participate in scaffolding of the retinol-binding domain is abolished by the mutation.	Vitamin A	186-193	retinol binding protein 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	62-66
19384236-7	2009	Among participants with CIMT> or =0.8 mm, body mass index, blood pressures, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen were significantly higher, whereas concentrations of vitamin A, vitamin E, lycopene, and beta-carotene were all significantly lower when compared with participants who did not show evidence of carotid atherosclerosis (P<0.001).	Vitamin A	229-238	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	165-175
19340624-0	2009	The vitamin A family can significantly decrease the expression of ERbeta of ERs positive breast cancer cells in the presence or absence of ER ligands and paclitaxel.	Vitamin A	4-13	estrogen receptor 2	Homo sapiens	66-72
19721904-10	2009	Among the patients who presented lower concentrations of CRP it was found higher beta-carotene inadequacy (64.8%) and 50% of retinol inadequacy.	Vitamin A	125-132	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	57-60
19138167-1	2009	Besides functioning as the plasma transporter of retinol and thyroxine, TTR (transthyretin) is a protease, cleaving apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) after a phenylalanine residue.	Vitamin A	49-56	transthyretin	Mus musculus	72-75
19138167-1	2009	Besides functioning as the plasma transporter of retinol and thyroxine, TTR (transthyretin) is a protease, cleaving apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) after a phenylalanine residue.	Vitamin A	49-56	transthyretin	Mus musculus	77-90
19138167-1	2009	Besides functioning as the plasma transporter of retinol and thyroxine, TTR (transthyretin) is a protease, cleaving apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) after a phenylalanine residue.	Vitamin A	49-56	apolipoprotein A-I	Mus musculus	116-122
19138167-1	2009	Besides functioning as the plasma transporter of retinol and thyroxine, TTR (transthyretin) is a protease, cleaving apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) after a phenylalanine residue.	Vitamin A	49-56	apolipoprotein A-I	Mus musculus	124-142
19183134-0	2009	Contribution of NADH increases to ethanol"s inhibition of retinol oxidation by human ADH isoforms.	Vitamin A	58-65	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	17-20
19183134-2	2009	One molecular mechanism, competitive inhibition by ethanol of the catalytic activity of human alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) (ADH) on all-trans-retinol oxidation has been shown for the ADH7 isoform.	Vitamin A	148-155	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	130-133
19183134-2	2009	One molecular mechanism, competitive inhibition by ethanol of the catalytic activity of human alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) (ADH) on all-trans-retinol oxidation has been shown for the ADH7 isoform.	Vitamin A	148-155	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	189-193
19183134-3	2009	Ethanol metabolism also causes an increase in the free reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in cells, which might reasonably be expected to decrease the retinol oxidation rate by product inhibition of ADH isoforms.	Vitamin A	165-172	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	99-102
19102727-4	2009	The present study demonstrated that wild-type RDH10 catalysed both oxidation of all-trans-retinol and reduction of all-trans-retinal in a cofactor-dependent manner In vitro.	Vitamin A	80-97	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	46-51
19161988-0	2009	The NF kappa B-mediated control of RS and JNK signaling in vitamin A-treated cells: duration of JNK-AP-1 pathway activation may determine cell death or proliferation.	Vitamin A	59-68	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	42-45
19161988-0	2009	The NF kappa B-mediated control of RS and JNK signaling in vitamin A-treated cells: duration of JNK-AP-1 pathway activation may determine cell death or proliferation.	Vitamin A	59-68	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	96-99
19161988-0	2009	The NF kappa B-mediated control of RS and JNK signaling in vitamin A-treated cells: duration of JNK-AP-1 pathway activation may determine cell death or proliferation.	Vitamin A	59-68	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	100-104
19161988-3	2009	This work was undertaken in order to evaluate the role of NFkappaB in modulating the pro-oxidant effects of supplementation with vitamin A (retinol, ROH) in Sertoli cells, a major ROH physiological target.	Vitamin A	129-138	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	58-66
19161988-3	2009	This work was undertaken in order to evaluate the role of NFkappaB in modulating the pro-oxidant effects of supplementation with vitamin A (retinol, ROH) in Sertoli cells, a major ROH physiological target.	Vitamin A	140-147	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	58-66
19161988-10	2009	Taken together, data presented here show that NFkappaB mediates cellular resistance to the pro-oxidant effects of vitamin A by inhibiting RS accumulation and the persistent and redox-dependent activation of JNK-AP-1 cascade.	Vitamin A	114-123	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	46-54
19161988-10	2009	Taken together, data presented here show that NFkappaB mediates cellular resistance to the pro-oxidant effects of vitamin A by inhibiting RS accumulation and the persistent and redox-dependent activation of JNK-AP-1 cascade.	Vitamin A	114-123	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	207-210
19161988-10	2009	Taken together, data presented here show that NFkappaB mediates cellular resistance to the pro-oxidant effects of vitamin A by inhibiting RS accumulation and the persistent and redox-dependent activation of JNK-AP-1 cascade.	Vitamin A	114-123	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	211-215
19074512-6	2009	A sensitivity spectrum study for the pupillary reflex that combined pupil responses to different monochromatic lights of various intensities demonstrated that a single opsin/vitamin A-based photopigment peaking at 484 nm drives photic responses; the best fit (lowest sum of squares, R(2)=0.9622) was attained with an opsin:vitamin A2 template.	Vitamin A	174-183	opsin 1 (cone pigments), short-wave-sensitive (violet cone opsin)	Gallus gallus	317-322
19103647-2	2009	Since it has been reported that the conversion of beta-carotene into vitamin A is highly variable in up to 45% of healthy individuals, we hypothesized that genetic polymorphisms in the BCMO1 gene could contribute to the occurrence of the poor converter phenotype.	Vitamin A	69-78	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	185-190
18831967-2	2009	The final step in the conversion of retinol to retinoic acid is carried out by three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases encoded by Raldh1 (Aldh1a1), Raldh2 (Aldh1a2), and Raldh3 (Aldh1a3).	Vitamin A	36-43	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	125-131
18778286-7	2009	Furthermore, mice fed a vitamin A-deficient diet had a significantly higher basal level of luciferase activity compared with control mice, demonstrating that vitamin A modulates IL-2 gene expression in vivo.	Vitamin A	24-33	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	178-182
18778286-7	2009	Furthermore, mice fed a vitamin A-deficient diet had a significantly higher basal level of luciferase activity compared with control mice, demonstrating that vitamin A modulates IL-2 gene expression in vivo.	Vitamin A	158-167	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	178-182
18997081-5	2009	Similarly, marbling scores and fatty acid indices of SCD activity are depressed in response to dietary vitamin A restriction.	Vitamin A	103-112	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Bos taurus	53-56
19082851-6	2009	Serum retinol binding protein 4 has been linked to insulin-resistant states, and only the CRD decreased this marker (-20%).	Vitamin A	6-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
19181555-5	2009	However, at 2muM retinol, GS2 promoted a 1.6- to 5-fold increase in RE accumulation.	Vitamin A	17-24	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 4	Homo sapiens	26-29
19252500-0	2009	Toll-like receptor 2-dependent induction of vitamin A-metabolizing enzymes in dendritic cells promotes T regulatory responses and inhibits autoimmunity.	Vitamin A	44-53	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	0-20
19252500-4	2009	TLR2 signaling induced splenic dendritic cells (DCs) to express the retinoic acid metabolizing enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and to metabolize vitamin A and stimulate Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells (T(reg) cells).	Vitamin A	182-191	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
19056238-7	2009	Trans fatty acid intake, vitamin A intake, and smoking time showed positive and significant correlations with RBP4 concentrations (P < 0.05).	Vitamin A	25-34	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	110-114
19217259-5	2009	RESULTS: Vitamin A deficiency increased liver hepcidin mRNA and iron spleen concentrations; however, iron deficiency in vitamin A-deficient rats deeply inhibits liver hepcidin mRNA expression and significantly increases divalent metal transporter-1 mRNA levels.	Vitamin A	120-129	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	167-175
19217259-7	2009	In the vitamin A-deficient groups, liver carbonyl protein increased, whereas catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities decreased, suggesting that vitamin A protects the liver against protein oxidation.	Vitamin A	7-16	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	77-85
19217259-7	2009	In the vitamin A-deficient groups, liver carbonyl protein increased, whereas catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities decreased, suggesting that vitamin A protects the liver against protein oxidation.	Vitamin A	7-16	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	90-115
19217259-7	2009	In the vitamin A-deficient groups, liver carbonyl protein increased, whereas catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities decreased, suggesting that vitamin A protects the liver against protein oxidation.	Vitamin A	154-163	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	77-85
19217259-7	2009	In the vitamin A-deficient groups, liver carbonyl protein increased, whereas catalase and glutathione S-transferase activities decreased, suggesting that vitamin A protects the liver against protein oxidation.	Vitamin A	154-163	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	90-115
19217259-9	2009	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that vitamin A maintains iron homeostasis by the modulation of liver hepcidin expression.	Vitamin A	39-48	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	103-111
19343351-2	2009	The RPE is responsible for a continuous supply of rhodopsin by the retinol cycle and blocking of light by its pigmentation to minimize light-induced oxidation of retinal lipids and proteins.	Vitamin A	67-74	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	50-59
19147488-1	2009	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) transports retinol from the liver to extrahepatic tissues, and RBP4 lowering is reported to improve insulin sensitivity in mice.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-25
19147488-1	2009	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) transports retinol from the liver to extrahepatic tissues, and RBP4 lowering is reported to improve insulin sensitivity in mice.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	27-31
18831967-2	2009	The final step in the conversion of retinol to retinoic acid is carried out by three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases encoded by Raldh1 (Aldh1a1), Raldh2 (Aldh1a2), and Raldh3 (Aldh1a3).	Vitamin A	36-43	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	133-140
18831967-2	2009	The final step in the conversion of retinol to retinoic acid is carried out by three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases encoded by Raldh1 (Aldh1a1), Raldh2 (Aldh1a2), and Raldh3 (Aldh1a3).	Vitamin A	36-43	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	143-149
18831967-2	2009	The final step in the conversion of retinol to retinoic acid is carried out by three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases encoded by Raldh1 (Aldh1a1), Raldh2 (Aldh1a2), and Raldh3 (Aldh1a3).	Vitamin A	36-43	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	151-158
18831967-2	2009	The final step in the conversion of retinol to retinoic acid is carried out by three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases encoded by Raldh1 (Aldh1a1), Raldh2 (Aldh1a2), and Raldh3 (Aldh1a3).	Vitamin A	36-43	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A3	Mus musculus	165-171
18831967-2	2009	The final step in the conversion of retinol to retinoic acid is carried out by three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases encoded by Raldh1 (Aldh1a1), Raldh2 (Aldh1a2), and Raldh3 (Aldh1a3).	Vitamin A	36-43	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A3	Mus musculus	173-180
18926804-11	2009	Furthermore, RDH-E2 expressed in Sf9 insect cells as a fusion to the C-terminal His(6)-tag and purified using Ni(2+)-affinity chromatography recognizes all-trans-retinol and all-trans-retinaldehyde as substrates and exhibits a strong preference for NAD(+)/NADH as cofactors.	Vitamin A	156-169	short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C member 5	Homo sapiens	13-19
18926804-13	2009	The preference for NAD(+) suggests that RDH-E2 is likely to function in the oxidative direction in vivo, further supporting its potential role in the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde for retinoic acid biosynthesis in human keratinocytes.	Vitamin A	163-170	short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C member 5	Homo sapiens	40-46
19147806-1	2009	Cellular retinol-binding protein type II (CRBPII) is abundantly expressed in the small intestinal enterocytes of many vertebrates and plays important physiological roles in intestinal absorption, transport, and metabolism of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	225-234	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-40
19147806-1	2009	Cellular retinol-binding protein type II (CRBPII) is abundantly expressed in the small intestinal enterocytes of many vertebrates and plays important physiological roles in intestinal absorption, transport, and metabolism of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	225-234	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	42-48
19147806-9	2009	These results suggest that HNF-4alpha is an important transcriptional factor that regulates human CRBPII gene expression and provide the possibility for a novel function of HNF-4alpha in the regulation of human intestinal vitamin A absorption and metabolism.	Vitamin A	222-231	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	27-37
19147806-9	2009	These results suggest that HNF-4alpha is an important transcriptional factor that regulates human CRBPII gene expression and provide the possibility for a novel function of HNF-4alpha in the regulation of human intestinal vitamin A absorption and metabolism.	Vitamin A	222-231	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	98-104
19147806-9	2009	These results suggest that HNF-4alpha is an important transcriptional factor that regulates human CRBPII gene expression and provide the possibility for a novel function of HNF-4alpha in the regulation of human intestinal vitamin A absorption and metabolism.	Vitamin A	222-231	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	173-183
19171200-1	2009	All-trans retinoic acid (RA) levels are controlled by enzymes of the vitamin A metabolism (RDH16, RalDH2, and LRAT) and RA catabolism (CYP26 and CYP2S1).	Vitamin A	69-78	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Homo sapiens	91-96
19171200-1	2009	All-trans retinoic acid (RA) levels are controlled by enzymes of the vitamin A metabolism (RDH16, RalDH2, and LRAT) and RA catabolism (CYP26 and CYP2S1).	Vitamin A	69-78	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2	Homo sapiens	98-104
19171200-1	2009	All-trans retinoic acid (RA) levels are controlled by enzymes of the vitamin A metabolism (RDH16, RalDH2, and LRAT) and RA catabolism (CYP26 and CYP2S1).	Vitamin A	69-78	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	110-114
19068086-5	2009	Retinoids, a group of structural and functional analogs of vitamin A, exert their biological function primarily through two distinct nuclear receptors, retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors (RXR), and abnormalities in the expression and function of these receptors are highly associated with the development of various cancers, including HCC.	Vitamin A	59-68	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	180-200
19068086-5	2009	Retinoids, a group of structural and functional analogs of vitamin A, exert their biological function primarily through two distinct nuclear receptors, retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors (RXR), and abnormalities in the expression and function of these receptors are highly associated with the development of various cancers, including HCC.	Vitamin A	59-68	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	202-205
19046959-2	2009	We recently showed that RBP4 isoforms including apo-RBP4 (RBP4 not bound to retinol) and RBP4 truncated at the C-terminus (RBP4-L, RBP4-LL) are increased in the serum of patients with kidney diseases but not in serum of patients with various liver diseases.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	24-28
19046959-2	2009	We recently showed that RBP4 isoforms including apo-RBP4 (RBP4 not bound to retinol) and RBP4 truncated at the C-terminus (RBP4-L, RBP4-LL) are increased in the serum of patients with kidney diseases but not in serum of patients with various liver diseases.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
19046959-2	2009	We recently showed that RBP4 isoforms including apo-RBP4 (RBP4 not bound to retinol) and RBP4 truncated at the C-terminus (RBP4-L, RBP4-LL) are increased in the serum of patients with kidney diseases but not in serum of patients with various liver diseases.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
19046959-2	2009	We recently showed that RBP4 isoforms including apo-RBP4 (RBP4 not bound to retinol) and RBP4 truncated at the C-terminus (RBP4-L, RBP4-LL) are increased in the serum of patients with kidney diseases but not in serum of patients with various liver diseases.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
19046959-2	2009	We recently showed that RBP4 isoforms including apo-RBP4 (RBP4 not bound to retinol) and RBP4 truncated at the C-terminus (RBP4-L, RBP4-LL) are increased in the serum of patients with kidney diseases but not in serum of patients with various liver diseases.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
19046959-2	2009	We recently showed that RBP4 isoforms including apo-RBP4 (RBP4 not bound to retinol) and RBP4 truncated at the C-terminus (RBP4-L, RBP4-LL) are increased in the serum of patients with kidney diseases but not in serum of patients with various liver diseases.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
19215278-0	2009	RBP-to-retinol ratio, but not total RBP, is elevated in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vitamin A	7-14	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
19215278-7	2009	RBP-to-retinol ratio correlated positively with glucose 2 h after an oral glucose tolerance test (p < 0.0001) and with C-reactive protein (p < 0.001).	Vitamin A	7-14	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
19215278-7	2009	RBP-to-retinol ratio correlated positively with glucose 2 h after an oral glucose tolerance test (p < 0.0001) and with C-reactive protein (p < 0.001).	Vitamin A	7-14	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	122-140
19215278-8	2009	Retinol, RBP and adipose tissue RBP messenger RNA (mRNA) levels shared an inverse relationship with plasma interleukin-6, and adipose tissue RBP mRNA levels correlated positively with plasma tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and skeletal muscle TNF-alpha mRNA levels.	Vitamin A	0-7	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	107-120
19215278-9	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the excess of RBP relative to retinol, assessed as the RBP-to-retinol ratio, is more indicative of T2DM than RBP itself.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	52-55
19215278-10	2009	Hence, the previously reported insulin resistance in mice induced by overexpression or injection of RBP could be because of higher levels of RBP relative to retinol rather than higher total levels of RBP.	Vitamin A	157-164	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
19215278-10	2009	Hence, the previously reported insulin resistance in mice induced by overexpression or injection of RBP could be because of higher levels of RBP relative to retinol rather than higher total levels of RBP.	Vitamin A	157-164	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	100-103
19235731-1	2009	Cyp26b1 encodes a cytochrome-P450 enzyme that catabolizes retinoic acid (RA), a vitamin A derived signaling molecule.	Vitamin A	80-89	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	0-7
19110304-1	2009	OBJECTIVES: We have previously reported that loss in expression of a protein considered critical for vitamin A homeostasis, cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1), is an early event in ovarian carcinogenesis.	Vitamin A	101-110	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	124-158
19110304-1	2009	OBJECTIVES: We have previously reported that loss in expression of a protein considered critical for vitamin A homeostasis, cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1), is an early event in ovarian carcinogenesis.	Vitamin A	101-110	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	160-165
19110304-8	2009	CONCLUSIONS: The impaired conversion of retinol to RA in ovarian cancer cells and decreased CRBP1 protein expression in prophylactic oophorectomies support our hypothesis that concomitant losses of vitamin A metabolism and CRBP1 expression contribute to ovarian oncogenesis.	Vitamin A	198-207	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	92-97
19085956-10	2009	The ALCAM(+) cells formed intracellular lipid droplets when embedded in collagen gel and treated with retinol, suggesting the potential for ALCAM(+) cells to differentiate to HSCs.	Vitamin A	102-109	activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	4-9
19085956-10	2009	The ALCAM(+) cells formed intracellular lipid droplets when embedded in collagen gel and treated with retinol, suggesting the potential for ALCAM(+) cells to differentiate to HSCs.	Vitamin A	102-109	activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	140-145
18652909-1	2009	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the esterification of retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	9-16	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
18652909-1	2009	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the esterification of retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	81-90	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-32
18652909-1	2009	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the esterification of retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	81-90	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
18652909-9	2009	In addition, we found that both retinoic acid and retinol induced transcripts for the STRA6 gene, which encodes a membrane receptor involved in retinol (vitamin A) uptake, in PrEC cells but not in PC-3 cells.	Vitamin A	50-57	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	86-91
18652909-9	2009	In addition, we found that both retinoic acid and retinol induced transcripts for the STRA6 gene, which encodes a membrane receptor involved in retinol (vitamin A) uptake, in PrEC cells but not in PC-3 cells.	Vitamin A	144-151	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	86-91
18652909-9	2009	In addition, we found that both retinoic acid and retinol induced transcripts for the STRA6 gene, which encodes a membrane receptor involved in retinol (vitamin A) uptake, in PrEC cells but not in PC-3 cells.	Vitamin A	153-162	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	86-91
19204112-3	2009	TGF-beta has been shown to induce expression of Foxp3 as well as IL10 and the vitamin A metabolite; all-trans retinoic acid (RA [at-RA]) has been found to enhance the former.	Vitamin A	78-87	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	0-8
19250215-2	2009	In a previous study we indicated that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is able to oxidize actively both all-trans-retinol (t-ROL) bound to the CRBP (holo-CRBP) and all-trans-retinaldehyde (t-RAL) to all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC).	Vitamin A	100-117	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	38-60
19250215-2	2009	In a previous study we indicated that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is able to oxidize actively both all-trans-retinol (t-ROL) bound to the CRBP (holo-CRBP) and all-trans-retinaldehyde (t-RAL) to all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC).	Vitamin A	100-117	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	62-65
19250215-2	2009	In a previous study we indicated that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is able to oxidize actively both all-trans-retinol (t-ROL) bound to the CRBP (holo-CRBP) and all-trans-retinaldehyde (t-RAL) to all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC).	Vitamin A	100-117	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
19250215-2	2009	In a previous study we indicated that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is able to oxidize actively both all-trans-retinol (t-ROL) bound to the CRBP (holo-CRBP) and all-trans-retinaldehyde (t-RAL) to all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC).	Vitamin A	100-117	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	150-154
19250215-2	2009	In a previous study we indicated that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is able to oxidize actively both all-trans-retinol (t-ROL) bound to the CRBP (holo-CRBP) and all-trans-retinaldehyde (t-RAL) to all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC).	Vitamin A	100-117	RAS like proto-oncogene A	Homo sapiens	187-190
19250215-2	2009	In a previous study we indicated that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is able to oxidize actively both all-trans-retinol (t-ROL) bound to the CRBP (holo-CRBP) and all-trans-retinaldehyde (t-RAL) to all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC).	Vitamin A	119-124	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	38-60
19250215-2	2009	In a previous study we indicated that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is able to oxidize actively both all-trans-retinol (t-ROL) bound to the CRBP (holo-CRBP) and all-trans-retinaldehyde (t-RAL) to all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC).	Vitamin A	119-124	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	62-65
19250215-2	2009	In a previous study we indicated that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is able to oxidize actively both all-trans-retinol (t-ROL) bound to the CRBP (holo-CRBP) and all-trans-retinaldehyde (t-RAL) to all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC).	Vitamin A	119-124	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
19250215-2	2009	In a previous study we indicated that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is able to oxidize actively both all-trans-retinol (t-ROL) bound to the CRBP (holo-CRBP) and all-trans-retinaldehyde (t-RAL) to all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC).	Vitamin A	119-124	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	150-154
19250215-2	2009	In a previous study we indicated that xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is able to oxidize actively both all-trans-retinol (t-ROL) bound to the CRBP (holo-CRBP) and all-trans-retinaldehyde (t-RAL) to all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC).	Vitamin A	119-124	RAS like proto-oncogene A	Homo sapiens	187-190
19023195-14	2009	Finally, RBP was strongly correlated with serum retinol, and calculating a retinol/RBP index further strengthened the observed correlations with HOMA-IR and HbA1c%.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	9-12
19023195-14	2009	Finally, RBP was strongly correlated with serum retinol, and calculating a retinol/RBP index further strengthened the observed correlations with HOMA-IR and HbA1c%.	Vitamin A	75-82	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	157-161
20067883-0	2009	Vitamin A family compounds, estradiol, and docetaxel in proliferation, apoptosis and immunocytochemical profile of human ovary endometrioid cancer cell line CRL-11731.	Vitamin A	0-9	interleukin 31 receptor A	Homo sapiens	157-160
20067883-5	2009	The aim of the study was to determine the effects of vitamin A family compounds (retinol, beta-carotene, lycopene, all-trans -, 9-cis - and 13-cis retinoic acid) on the growth and proliferation of CRL-11731 endometrioid ovary cancer cell line and on docetaxel and estradiol activity in this culture.	Vitamin A	53-62	interleukin 31 receptor A	Homo sapiens	197-200
20067883-5	2009	The aim of the study was to determine the effects of vitamin A family compounds (retinol, beta-carotene, lycopene, all-trans -, 9-cis - and 13-cis retinoic acid) on the growth and proliferation of CRL-11731 endometrioid ovary cancer cell line and on docetaxel and estradiol activity in this culture.	Vitamin A	81-88	interleukin 31 receptor A	Homo sapiens	197-200
20067883-12	2009	Also retinol (10 muM) and lycopene (20 and 50 muM) combined with estradiol (0.01 muM) statistically decreased the percentage of proliferating cells compared to the control (p<0.0001) and estradiol (p<0.01, p<0.0001) group (63.5%+/-14.8, 61.0%+/-20.6, 15.0%+/-5.5 respectively).	Vitamin A	5-12	latexin	Homo sapiens	17-20
20430726-6	2009	The obtained results showed significant decrease of concentrations of soluble APO-1/Fas antigen in supernatants from HeLa cell lines incubated with retinol in comparison with the control culture.	Vitamin A	148-155	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	78-83
20430726-6	2009	The obtained results showed significant decrease of concentrations of soluble APO-1/Fas antigen in supernatants from HeLa cell lines incubated with retinol in comparison with the control culture.	Vitamin A	148-155	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	84-95
20430726-8	2009	Higher concentrations of soluble APO-1/Fas antigen in supernatants from HeLa cell line without retinol may constitute a protective mechanism of the cells infected with the virus before undergoing Fas/FasL-dependent apoptosis.	Vitamin A	95-102	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	33-38
20430726-8	2009	Higher concentrations of soluble APO-1/Fas antigen in supernatants from HeLa cell line without retinol may constitute a protective mechanism of the cells infected with the virus before undergoing Fas/FasL-dependent apoptosis.	Vitamin A	95-102	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	39-50
20430726-9	2009	Lower concentrations of soluble APO-1/Fas antigen and soluble Ligand for APO-1/Fas in the supernatants from CaSki and HeLa cell cultures incubated with retinol suggest that retinoids can decrease the synthesis of soluble APO-1//Fas and soluble FasL in HPV-16 and HPV - 18 positive cells and that mechanisms protecting infected cells against Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis become defective under the influence of retinol.	Vitamin A	152-159	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	32-37
20430726-9	2009	Lower concentrations of soluble APO-1/Fas antigen and soluble Ligand for APO-1/Fas in the supernatants from CaSki and HeLa cell cultures incubated with retinol suggest that retinoids can decrease the synthesis of soluble APO-1//Fas and soluble FasL in HPV-16 and HPV - 18 positive cells and that mechanisms protecting infected cells against Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis become defective under the influence of retinol.	Vitamin A	152-159	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	73-78
20430726-9	2009	Lower concentrations of soluble APO-1/Fas antigen and soluble Ligand for APO-1/Fas in the supernatants from CaSki and HeLa cell cultures incubated with retinol suggest that retinoids can decrease the synthesis of soluble APO-1//Fas and soluble FasL in HPV-16 and HPV - 18 positive cells and that mechanisms protecting infected cells against Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis become defective under the influence of retinol.	Vitamin A	152-159	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	73-78
20430726-9	2009	Lower concentrations of soluble APO-1/Fas antigen and soluble Ligand for APO-1/Fas in the supernatants from CaSki and HeLa cell cultures incubated with retinol suggest that retinoids can decrease the synthesis of soluble APO-1//Fas and soluble FasL in HPV-16 and HPV - 18 positive cells and that mechanisms protecting infected cells against Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis become defective under the influence of retinol.	Vitamin A	152-159	Fas ligand	Homo sapiens	244-248
20430726-9	2009	Lower concentrations of soluble APO-1/Fas antigen and soluble Ligand for APO-1/Fas in the supernatants from CaSki and HeLa cell cultures incubated with retinol suggest that retinoids can decrease the synthesis of soluble APO-1//Fas and soluble FasL in HPV-16 and HPV - 18 positive cells and that mechanisms protecting infected cells against Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis become defective under the influence of retinol.	Vitamin A	152-159	Fas ligand	Homo sapiens	345-349
19111018-2	2009	FXR is activated by bile salts, RXRalpha by the vitamin A derivative 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA).	Vitamin A	48-57	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	0-3
19111018-2	2009	FXR is activated by bile salts, RXRalpha by the vitamin A derivative 9-cis retinoic acid (9cRA).	Vitamin A	48-57	retinoid X receptor alpha	Mus musculus	32-40
19111018-4	2009	Therefore, we evaluated the role of vitamin A/9cRA in the expression of human and mouse bile salt export pump (hBSEP/mBsep), small heterodimer partner (hSHP/mShp), and mouse sodium-dependent taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (mNtcp).	Vitamin A	36-45	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 11	Homo sapiens	111-116
19111018-11	2009	Shp transcription was highest in CA-fed vitamin A-sufficient mice.	Vitamin A	40-49	nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2	Mus musculus	0-3
19682646-1	2009	Transthyretin (TTR), a plasma and cerebrospinal fluid protein secreted by the liver and choroid plexus, is mainly known as the physiological carrier of thyroxine (T(4)) and retinol.	Vitamin A	173-180	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
19682646-1	2009	Transthyretin (TTR), a plasma and cerebrospinal fluid protein secreted by the liver and choroid plexus, is mainly known as the physiological carrier of thyroxine (T(4)) and retinol.	Vitamin A	173-180	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
19183833-5	2009	Transthyretin at postoperative 28 days in group I was 15.6 +/- 6.2, higher than that in group E. Retinol-binding protein at postoperative 28 days in group I was 2.6 +/- 1.0 and also higher than that in group E. CONCLUSION: HJ with no-stented internal biliary drainage was not associated with systemic infections and mortality, but showed the possibility of improving nutritional status.	Vitamin A	97-104	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
18495461-8	2009	Lack of vitamin A significantly changed mucin (MUC) dynamics, as reflected by the enlarged goblet-cell "cup" area relative to controls; decreased MUC2 mRNA expression in the jejunum, ileum and colon of VAD rats and increased MUC3 mRNA expression in the ileum and colon of these rats.	Vitamin A	8-17	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
18495461-8	2009	Lack of vitamin A significantly changed mucin (MUC) dynamics, as reflected by the enlarged goblet-cell "cup" area relative to controls; decreased MUC2 mRNA expression in the jejunum, ileum and colon of VAD rats and increased MUC3 mRNA expression in the ileum and colon of these rats.	Vitamin A	8-17	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
18495461-8	2009	Lack of vitamin A significantly changed mucin (MUC) dynamics, as reflected by the enlarged goblet-cell "cup" area relative to controls; decreased MUC2 mRNA expression in the jejunum, ileum and colon of VAD rats and increased MUC3 mRNA expression in the ileum and colon of these rats.	Vitamin A	8-17	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
18495461-8	2009	Lack of vitamin A significantly changed mucin (MUC) dynamics, as reflected by the enlarged goblet-cell "cup" area relative to controls; decreased MUC2 mRNA expression in the jejunum, ileum and colon of VAD rats and increased MUC3 mRNA expression in the ileum and colon of these rats.	Vitamin A	8-17	mucin 3	Rattus norvegicus	225-229
19346786-1	2009	BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is known to be a specific transport protein for retinol, and has recently been reported to be associated with insulin resistance.	Vitamin A	24-31	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-55
19028692-0	2009	Retinol Esterification by DGAT1 Is Essential for Retinoid Homeostasis in Murine Skin.	Vitamin A	0-7	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	26-31
19141675-3	2009	We have recently identified the Xenopus homologue of retinol dehydrogenase 10 (XRDH10) that mediates the first step in RA synthesis from retinol to retinal.	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol dehydrogenase 10 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	79-85
19117405-6	2009	Moreover, via cluster and pathway analysis, we proposed a hypothetical model for the HBx regulatory circuit involving aberrant methylation of retinol metabolism-related genes and calcium homeostasis-related genes.	Vitamin A	142-149	X protein	Hepatitis B virus	85-88
22064166-9	2009	Moreover, the diet rich in vitamin A led to a reduction of C18:1 n-9 and  MUFA proportions in subcutaneous backfat inner layer.	Vitamin A	27-36	Monounsaturated fatty acid percentage	Sus scrofa	74-78
19049981-1	2009	RPE65 is a membrane-associated protein abundantly expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium, which converts all-trans-retinyl ester to 11-cis-retinol, a key step in the retinoid visual cycle.	Vitamin A	137-151	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	0-5
18952041-1	2009	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a serum protein that serves as the major transport protein for retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	99-106	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
18952041-1	2009	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a serum protein that serves as the major transport protein for retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	99-106	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
18952041-1	2009	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a serum protein that serves as the major transport protein for retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	108-117	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
18952041-1	2009	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a serum protein that serves as the major transport protein for retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	108-117	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
18952041-3	2009	This can be accomplished by administration of small molecules, such as fenretinide, that compete with retinol for binding to RBP4 and disrupt the protein-protein interaction between RBP4 and transthyretin (TTR), another serum protein that protects RBP4 from renal clearance.	Vitamin A	102-109	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	125-129
18952041-6	2009	We show that retinol increases the affinity of RBP4 for TTR by a factor of 4 and determine the affinity constants of fenretinide and retinyl acetate.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-51
18952041-6	2009	We show that retinol increases the affinity of RBP4 for TTR by a factor of 4 and determine the affinity constants of fenretinide and retinyl acetate.	Vitamin A	13-20	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	56-59
19056557-9	2009	CONCLUSIONS: ABCA1 is the transporter responsible for the in vivo secretion of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol with intestinal HDL, and this pathway is significantly implicated in the intestinal absorption and plasma status of vitamin E but not of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	244-253	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1	Mus musculus	13-18
19124479-9	2009	The hazard ratios of breast cancer death by retinol level were estimated by Cox models stratified for age, where relevant, and recruitment period, and adjusted for tumor size and histology.	Vitamin A	44-51	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	76-79
19215278-5	2009	In contrast, RBP-to-retinol ratio was higher in individuals with T2DM (p < 0.0001) and IGT (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	13-16
19180257-11	2009	Other components previously linked to the visual cycle (EBP50/NHERF1 and ezrin) were largely confined to the apical processes, where they could be associated with release of 11-cis-retinal or uptake of all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	206-219	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
19180257-11	2009	Other components previously linked to the visual cycle (EBP50/NHERF1 and ezrin) were largely confined to the apical processes, where they could be associated with release of 11-cis-retinal or uptake of all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	206-219	SLC9A3 regulator 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-68
19164258-12	2009	Retinol concentrations decreased with PD therapy and were inversely related to interleukin-6 and CRP concentrations.	Vitamin A	0-7	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	79-92
19164258-12	2009	Retinol concentrations decreased with PD therapy and were inversely related to interleukin-6 and CRP concentrations.	Vitamin A	0-7	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	97-100
18840764-2	2008	In the cytosol, CRBP-III binds retinol, the precursor of retinyl ester and the active metabolite retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	31-38	retinol binding protein 7, cellular	Mus musculus	16-24
19011747-4	2008	ADH1 and ADH2 are the major MDR enzymes in liver retinol detoxification, while ADH3 (less active) and ADH4 (most active) participate in RA generation in tissues.	Vitamin A	49-56	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-4
19011747-4	2008	ADH1 and ADH2 are the major MDR enzymes in liver retinol detoxification, while ADH3 (less active) and ADH4 (most active) participate in RA generation in tissues.	Vitamin A	49-56	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	9-13
17684522-7	2008	At baseline, the serum complement C3 and sIgA level of vitamin A-sufficient children was significantly higher than that of vitamin A-deficient children (P < 0.05).	Vitamin A	55-64	complement C3	Homo sapiens	23-36
17684522-8	2008	However, the serum lysozyme level of vitamin A-sufficient children was inversely lower.	Vitamin A	37-46	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	19-27
17684522-9	2008	After intervention, vitamin A-deficient-supplemented children increased serum vitamin A, complement C3 and sIgA level, but their serum lysozyme level inversely decreased.	Vitamin A	20-29	complement C3	Homo sapiens	89-102
17684522-9	2008	After intervention, vitamin A-deficient-supplemented children increased serum vitamin A, complement C3 and sIgA level, but their serum lysozyme level inversely decreased.	Vitamin A	20-29	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	135-143
18669599-8	2008	Mice activated in hepatic mPlrp2 and mClps expression lowered hepatic and serum lipid levels and markedly elevated circulatory levels of all-trans retinol.	Vitamin A	147-154	pancreatic lipase-related protein 2	Mus musculus	26-32
19021760-1	2008	Transthyretin is a tetrameric binding protein involved in the transport of thyroid hormones and in the cotransport of retinol by forming a complex in plasma with retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	118-125	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
19021760-1	2008	Transthyretin is a tetrameric binding protein involved in the transport of thyroid hormones and in the cotransport of retinol by forming a complex in plasma with retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	162-169	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
19021760-3	2008	The main interactions, both polar and apolar, between retinol-binding protein and transthyretin involve the retinol hydroxyl group and a limited number of solvent exposed residues.	Vitamin A	54-61	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	82-95
19021760-6	2008	The effect is particularly evident when the mutation affects an interacting residue present in two distinct subunits of transthyretin participating simultaneously in two interactions with a retinol-binding protein molecule.	Vitamin A	190-197	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	120-133
19021760-8	2008	Remarkably, some of the residues in mutated human transthyretin that weaken or abolish the interaction with retinol-binding protein are present in piscine transthyretin, consistent with the lack of interaction between retinol-binding protein and transthyretin in fish.	Vitamin A	108-115	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	50-63
19021760-8	2008	Remarkably, some of the residues in mutated human transthyretin that weaken or abolish the interaction with retinol-binding protein are present in piscine transthyretin, consistent with the lack of interaction between retinol-binding protein and transthyretin in fish.	Vitamin A	108-115	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	155-168
19021760-8	2008	Remarkably, some of the residues in mutated human transthyretin that weaken or abolish the interaction with retinol-binding protein are present in piscine transthyretin, consistent with the lack of interaction between retinol-binding protein and transthyretin in fish.	Vitamin A	108-115	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	155-168
19021760-8	2008	Remarkably, some of the residues in mutated human transthyretin that weaken or abolish the interaction with retinol-binding protein are present in piscine transthyretin, consistent with the lack of interaction between retinol-binding protein and transthyretin in fish.	Vitamin A	218-225	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	50-63
18987198-2	2008	The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, on the neuropathology and deficits of spatial learning and memory in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) double-transgenic mice, a well established AD mouse model.	Vitamin A	127-136	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	207-232
19227054-4	2008	OBJECTIVE: To report on the application of RBP enzyme immunoassay and dried blood spots to assess serum retinol concentrations as an indicator of vitamin A status in the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2006.	Vitamin A	104-111	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	43-46
19022959-1	2008	15,15"-carotenoid monooxygenase (CMO I) is generally recognized as the central carotenoid cleavage enzyme responsible for converting provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A, while having little affinity for nonprovitamin A carotenoids, such as lycopene.	Vitamin A	136-145	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	33-38
19022959-5	2008	CMO I KO mice fed beta-carotene (betaC-KO) had significantly lower hepatic vitamin A concentrations (17% of WT mice fed beta-carotene [betaC-WT]).	Vitamin A	75-84	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	0-5
19022959-8	2008	In conclusion, CMO I KO mice fed low levels of vitamin A have altered lycopene biodistribution and isomer patterns and do not cleave beta-carotene to vitamin A at appreciable levels.	Vitamin A	47-56	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	15-20
18832005-9	2008	GST enzyme activity was increased in the cerebellum of rats chronically treated with vitamin A.	Vitamin A	85-94	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
18987198-2	2008	The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, on the neuropathology and deficits of spatial learning and memory in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) double-transgenic mice, a well established AD mouse model.	Vitamin A	127-136	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	243-255
18987198-2	2008	The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, on the neuropathology and deficits of spatial learning and memory in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) double-transgenic mice, a well established AD mouse model.	Vitamin A	127-136	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	257-260
18796544-6	2008	The upregulated expressions of UII and GPR14 in the kidney were accompanied by significant increases in the renal profibrotic factor transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 expression, the renal extracellular matrix (fibronectin and collagen IV) accumulation, and the renal dysfunction (increases in urinal N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase content, 24-h urinary retinol-binding protein excretion rate, and decrease in creatinine clearance rate).	Vitamin A	360-367	urotensin 2	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
18796544-6	2008	The upregulated expressions of UII and GPR14 in the kidney were accompanied by significant increases in the renal profibrotic factor transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 expression, the renal extracellular matrix (fibronectin and collagen IV) accumulation, and the renal dysfunction (increases in urinal N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase content, 24-h urinary retinol-binding protein excretion rate, and decrease in creatinine clearance rate).	Vitamin A	360-367	urotensin 2 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
18676402-0	2008	Vitamin A depletion causes oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and PARP-1-dependent energy deprivation.	Vitamin A	0-9	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	76-82
18987198-1	2008	Recent studies have revealed that disruption of vitamin A signaling observed in Alzheimer"s disease (AD) leads to beta-amyloid (Abeta) accumulation and memory deficits in rodents.	Vitamin A	48-57	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	128-133
18676402-5	2008	PCD following vitamin A deprivation exhibits increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), drastic reductions in ATP and NAD(+) levels, and activation of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) -1.	Vitamin A	14-23	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	163-201
18838813-2	2008	In the present study, ATRA and retinol inhibited melanin synthesis in melanoma cells stimulated by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX).	Vitamin A	31-38	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	99-135
19094444-1	2008	Catalase (antioxidant enzyme) activity in erythrocytes and serum levels of trace elements (copper, iron, zinc), heavy metals (cadmium, cobalt) and vitamins A (retinol), D (cholecalciferol) and E (alpha-tocopherol) were measured in 145 subjects comprising 47 pre-eclamptic pregnant women (PE), 48 healthy pregnant women (HP) and 50 healthy non-pregnant controls (NP).	Vitamin A	159-166	catalase	Homo sapiens	0-8
18838813-2	2008	In the present study, ATRA and retinol inhibited melanin synthesis in melanoma cells stimulated by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX).	Vitamin A	31-38	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	137-146
18838813-4	2008	ATRA inhibited the expression of tyrosinase and TRP-1, and retinol inhibited the expression of tyrosinase, in a dose-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	59-66	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	95-105
18838813-7	2008	Therefore, the depigmenting effect of ATRA and retinol might be due to inhibition of the signaling pathway between cAMP and tyrosinase transcription bound to tyrosinase expression.	Vitamin A	47-54	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	124-134
18838813-7	2008	Therefore, the depigmenting effect of ATRA and retinol might be due to inhibition of the signaling pathway between cAMP and tyrosinase transcription bound to tyrosinase expression.	Vitamin A	47-54	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	158-168
18632758-7	2008	DHRS9 is involved in the synthesis of ATRA from vitamin A.	Vitamin A	48-57	dehydrogenase/reductase 9	Homo sapiens	0-5
18641048-0	2008	Retinol to retinol-binding protein (RBP) is low in obese adults due to elevated apo-RBP.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	11-34
18641048-0	2008	Retinol to retinol-binding protein (RBP) is low in obese adults due to elevated apo-RBP.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	36-39
18641048-0	2008	Retinol to retinol-binding protein (RBP) is low in obese adults due to elevated apo-RBP.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	84-87
18641048-1	2008	Elevated serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentration has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance, but accompanying retinol values have not been reported.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	40-43
18641048-1	2008	Elevated serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentration has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance, but accompanying retinol values have not been reported.	Vitamin A	15-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-103
18641048-2	2008	Assessment of retinol is required to discriminate between apo-RBP, which may act as an adipokine, and holo-RBP, which transports vitamin A.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	62-65
18641048-2	2008	Assessment of retinol is required to discriminate between apo-RBP, which may act as an adipokine, and holo-RBP, which transports vitamin A.	Vitamin A	129-138	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	107-110
18641048-8	2008	The retinol to RBP ratio (retinol:RBP) was significantly lower in obese (0.73 +/- 0.13) than nonobese subjects (0.90 +/- 0.22) (P < 0.001) and RBP was strongly associated with retinol in both groups (r = 0.71 and 0.90, respectively, P < 0.0001).	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	15-18
18641048-8	2008	The retinol to RBP ratio (retinol:RBP) was significantly lower in obese (0.73 +/- 0.13) than nonobese subjects (0.90 +/- 0.22) (P < 0.001) and RBP was strongly associated with retinol in both groups (r = 0.71 and 0.90, respectively, P < 0.0001).	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	34-37
18641048-8	2008	The retinol to RBP ratio (retinol:RBP) was significantly lower in obese (0.73 +/- 0.13) than nonobese subjects (0.90 +/- 0.22) (P < 0.001) and RBP was strongly associated with retinol in both groups (r = 0.71 and 0.90, respectively, P < 0.0001).	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	34-37
18641048-8	2008	The retinol to RBP ratio (retinol:RBP) was significantly lower in obese (0.73 +/- 0.13) than nonobese subjects (0.90 +/- 0.22) (P < 0.001) and RBP was strongly associated with retinol in both groups (r = 0.71 and 0.90, respectively, P < 0.0001).	Vitamin A	26-33	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	15-18
18641048-11	2008	Elevated serum RBP, derived in part from apo-RBP, was more strongly associated with retinol than with BMI or measures of insulin resistance in obese adults.	Vitamin A	84-91	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	15-18
18641048-11	2008	Elevated serum RBP, derived in part from apo-RBP, was more strongly associated with retinol than with BMI or measures of insulin resistance in obese adults.	Vitamin A	84-91	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	45-48
18280134-3	2008	All-transretinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, regulates the activity of several metabolic enzymes related to OAT, including ornithine decarboxylase and arginase, which may influence the function of OAT through effects on substrate (ornithine) availability.	Vitamin A	53-62	ornithine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	127-130
18280134-3	2008	All-transretinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, regulates the activity of several metabolic enzymes related to OAT, including ornithine decarboxylase and arginase, which may influence the function of OAT through effects on substrate (ornithine) availability.	Vitamin A	53-62	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	142-165
18280134-3	2008	All-transretinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, regulates the activity of several metabolic enzymes related to OAT, including ornithine decarboxylase and arginase, which may influence the function of OAT through effects on substrate (ornithine) availability.	Vitamin A	53-62	ornithine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	216-219
18782483-0	2008	High-dose dietary supplementation of vitamin A induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor production in mice with simultaneous deficiency of vitamin A and zinc.	Vitamin A	37-46	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	55-88
18703560-1	2008	Vitamin A derivatives modulate gene expression through retinoic acid and rexinoid receptor (RAR/RXR) heterodimers and are indispensable for limb development.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	92-95
18782483-0	2008	High-dose dietary supplementation of vitamin A induces brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor production in mice with simultaneous deficiency of vitamin A and zinc.	Vitamin A	37-46	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	93-112
18782483-3	2008	We investigated effects of dietary supplementation of vitamin A on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) production in mice depleted for vitamin A and Zn.	Vitamin A	54-63	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	67-100
18782483-6	2008	The LVA-LZ group tended to show decreased amounts of the BDNF and NGF, while animals supplemented with high vitamin A along with Zn deficiency had high BDNF and NGF concentrations.	Vitamin A	108-117	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	152-156
18782483-6	2008	The LVA-LZ group tended to show decreased amounts of the BDNF and NGF, while animals supplemented with high vitamin A along with Zn deficiency had high BDNF and NGF concentrations.	Vitamin A	108-117	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	161-164
18782483-7	2008	From these results, we conclude that vitamin A may increase BDNF and NGF levels.	Vitamin A	37-46	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	60-64
18782483-7	2008	From these results, we conclude that vitamin A may increase BDNF and NGF levels.	Vitamin A	37-46	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	69-72
18177425-10	2008	Our results revealed for the first time that COUP-TF1 is an important signaling molecule during vitamin A (Rol)-mediated very early stage of embryonic development.	Vitamin A	96-105	nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 1	Mus musculus	45-53
18823527-14	2008	LRAT plays a prominent role in the Vitamin A cascade, a system that has been previously implicated in LOAD.	Vitamin A	35-44	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-4
18634756-1	2008	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 55 kDa plasma homotetrameric protein mainly synthesized in the liver and choroid plexuses (CPs) of the brain that, functions as a carrier for thyroxin and retinol binding protein.	Vitamin A	180-187	transthyretin	Mus musculus	0-13
18634756-1	2008	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 55 kDa plasma homotetrameric protein mainly synthesized in the liver and choroid plexuses (CPs) of the brain that, functions as a carrier for thyroxin and retinol binding protein.	Vitamin A	180-187	transthyretin	Mus musculus	15-18
18606814-4	2008	We found that dark adaptation was slower in Adfp(Delta2-3/Delta2-3) than in Adfp+/+ mice and that Adfp(Delta2-3/Delta2-3) mice had consistently delayed clearances of all-trans-retinal and all-trans-retinol from rod photoreceptor cells.	Vitamin A	198-205	delta like canonical Notch ligand 3	Mus musculus	103-120
18515570-0	2008	Accelerated accumulation of lipofuscin pigments in the RPE of a mouse model for ABCA4-mediated retinal dystrophies following Vitamin A supplementation.	Vitamin A	125-134	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 4	Mus musculus	80-85
18515570-6	2008	Here the authors tested the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with vitamin A may accelerate lipofuscin pigment formation in abca4(-/-) mice.	Vitamin A	73-82	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 4	Mus musculus	130-135
18515570-12	2008	Lipofuscin pigments were significantly increased by biochemical and morphologic analysis in wild-type and abca4(-/-) mice fed the vitamin A-supplemented diet.	Vitamin A	130-139	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 4	Mus musculus	106-111
18515570-14	2008	CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin A supplementation should be avoided in patients with ABCA4 mutations or other retinal or macular dystrophies associated with lipofuscin accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium.	Vitamin A	13-22	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
19112849-3	2008	The enzymes involved in the first step of retinol metabolism belong to the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and short-chain dehydrogenase (reductase) (SDR), which catalyze oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	42-49	caveolae associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	146-149
19112849-3	2008	The enzymes involved in the first step of retinol metabolism belong to the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and short-chain dehydrogenase (reductase) (SDR), which catalyze oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	180-187	caveolae associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	146-149
18752671-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) - the carrier protein for Vitamin A in plasma - are tightly regulated under healthy circumstances.	Vitamin A	85-94	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	26-51
18680375-3	2008	Subsequently, the retinol binding by beta-LG has been investigated in the presence of various amounts of these surfactants as its binding indicator.	Vitamin A	18-25	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	37-44
18752671-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) - the carrier protein for Vitamin A in plasma - are tightly regulated under healthy circumstances.	Vitamin A	85-94	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	53-57
18682830-3	2008	The known physiological functions of TTR are the transport of thyroid hormone T(4) and retinol, through binding to the retinol binding protein.	Vitamin A	87-94	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	37-40
18682830-3	2008	The known physiological functions of TTR are the transport of thyroid hormone T(4) and retinol, through binding to the retinol binding protein.	Vitamin A	119-126	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	37-40
18663735-4	2008	Adding vitamin A or E counteracts the effect of ascorbic acid in inhibiting PMP22 expression.	Vitamin A	7-16	peripheral myelin protein 22	Homo sapiens	76-81
18496666-1	2008	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), originally known for retinol transport, was recently identified as an adipokine affecting insulin resistance.	Vitamin A	72-79	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	17-42
18496666-1	2008	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), originally known for retinol transport, was recently identified as an adipokine affecting insulin resistance.	Vitamin A	72-79	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	44-48
18496666-1	2008	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), originally known for retinol transport, was recently identified as an adipokine affecting insulin resistance.	Vitamin A	72-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	141-148
18455147-1	2008	We analyzed the retinoid levels and gene expression in various tissues after wild-type (Wt) and lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT-/-) knockout mice were fed a high retinol diet (250 IU/g).	Vitamin A	105-112	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	130-137
18322276-0	2008	Expression of stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (Stra8) in spermatogenic cells induced by retinoic acid: an in vivo study in vitamin A-sufficient postnatal murine testes.	Vitamin A	126-135	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8	Mus musculus	14-48
18322276-0	2008	Expression of stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (Stra8) in spermatogenic cells induced by retinoic acid: an in vivo study in vitamin A-sufficient postnatal murine testes.	Vitamin A	126-135	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8	Mus musculus	50-55
18396385-0	2008	Retinol up-regulates the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) by increasing intracellular reactive species.	Vitamin A	0-7	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	70-74
18396385-5	2008	In the present work, we observed that retinol supplementation increases RAGE protein expression in cultured Sertoli cells, and antioxidant co-treatment reversed this effect.	Vitamin A	38-45	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	72-76
18396385-6	2008	Retinol-increased RAGE expression was observed only at concentrations that induce intracellular reactive species production, as assessed by the DCFH assay.	Vitamin A	0-7	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	18-22
18396385-7	2008	These results indicate that retinol is able to increase RAGE expression by an oxidant-dependent mechanism, and suggest that RAGE signaling may be involved in some of the deleterious effects observed in some retinol-supplementation therapies.	Vitamin A	28-35	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	56-60
18396385-7	2008	These results indicate that retinol is able to increase RAGE expression by an oxidant-dependent mechanism, and suggest that RAGE signaling may be involved in some of the deleterious effects observed in some retinol-supplementation therapies.	Vitamin A	207-214	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	124-128
18440196-0	2008	Retinol and retinoic acid modulate catalase activity in Sertoli cells by distinct and gene expression-independent mechanisms.	Vitamin A	0-7	catalase	Homo sapiens	35-43
18440196-4	2008	The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of retinol and its major biologically active metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid (RA), on CAT regulation.	Vitamin A	56-63	catalase	Homo sapiens	143-146
18440196-6	2008	Retinol (7 microM, 14 microM) and RA (100 nM, 1 microM) enhanced intracellular reactive species production and increased CAT activity after 24 h of treatment.	Vitamin A	0-7	catalase	Homo sapiens	121-124
18440196-7	2008	Retinol increased CAT immunocontent but did not alter CAT mRNA expression, while the increase in CAT activity by RA was not related to alterations in immunocontent or mRNA expression.	Vitamin A	0-7	catalase	Homo sapiens	18-21
18440196-8	2008	In vitro incubation of purified CAT with retinol or RA did not alter enzyme activity.	Vitamin A	41-48	catalase	Homo sapiens	32-35
18502750-1	2008	Human retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) was implicated in the oxidation of all-trans-retinol for biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid, however, initial assays suggested that RDH10 prefers NADP(+) as a cofactor, undermining its role as an oxidative enzyme.	Vitamin A	74-91	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	6-30
18502750-1	2008	Human retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) was implicated in the oxidation of all-trans-retinol for biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid, however, initial assays suggested that RDH10 prefers NADP(+) as a cofactor, undermining its role as an oxidative enzyme.	Vitamin A	74-91	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	32-37
18502750-1	2008	Human retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) was implicated in the oxidation of all-trans-retinol for biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid, however, initial assays suggested that RDH10 prefers NADP(+) as a cofactor, undermining its role as an oxidative enzyme.	Vitamin A	74-91	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	176-181
18502750-2	2008	Here, we present evidence that RDH10 is, in fact, a strictly NAD(+)-dependent enzyme with multisubstrate specificity that recognizes cis-retinols as well as all-trans-retinol as substrates.	Vitamin A	136-144	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	31-36
18502750-3	2008	RDH10 has a relatively high apparent K(m) value for NAD(+) (~100 microm) but the lowest apparent K(m) value for all-trans-retinol (~0.035 microm) among all NAD(+)-dependent retinoid oxidoreductases.	Vitamin A	116-129	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	0-5
18502750-4	2008	Due to its high affinity for all-trans-retinol, RDH10 exhibits a greater rate of retinol oxidation in the presence of cellular retinol-binding protein type I (CRBPI) than human microsomal RoDH4, but like RoDH4, RDH10 does not recognize retinol bound to CRBPI as a substrate.	Vitamin A	33-46	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	48-53
18502750-4	2008	Due to its high affinity for all-trans-retinol, RDH10 exhibits a greater rate of retinol oxidation in the presence of cellular retinol-binding protein type I (CRBPI) than human microsomal RoDH4, but like RoDH4, RDH10 does not recognize retinol bound to CRBPI as a substrate.	Vitamin A	39-46	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	48-53
18502750-4	2008	Due to its high affinity for all-trans-retinol, RDH10 exhibits a greater rate of retinol oxidation in the presence of cellular retinol-binding protein type I (CRBPI) than human microsomal RoDH4, but like RoDH4, RDH10 does not recognize retinol bound to CRBPI as a substrate.	Vitamin A	81-88	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	48-53
18502750-4	2008	Due to its high affinity for all-trans-retinol, RDH10 exhibits a greater rate of retinol oxidation in the presence of cellular retinol-binding protein type I (CRBPI) than human microsomal RoDH4, but like RoDH4, RDH10 does not recognize retinol bound to CRBPI as a substrate.	Vitamin A	81-88	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	48-53
18502750-6	2008	Targeted small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of endogenous RDH10 or RoDH4 expression in human cells results in a significant decrease in retinoic acid production from retinol, identifying both human enzymes as physiologically relevant retinol dehydrogenases.	Vitamin A	172-179	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	64-69
18502750-6	2008	Targeted small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of endogenous RDH10 or RoDH4 expression in human cells results in a significant decrease in retinoic acid production from retinol, identifying both human enzymes as physiologically relevant retinol dehydrogenases.	Vitamin A	172-179	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Homo sapiens	73-78
18533141-0	2008	Retinol increases catalase activity and protein content by a reactive species-dependent mechanism in Sertoli cells.	Vitamin A	0-7	catalase	Homo sapiens	18-26
18533141-3	2008	In the present work, we show that retinol treatment (7 microM, 24 h) led to catalase (EC 1.11.1.6; CAT) activation in cultured Sertoli cells by increasing its protein content in a reactive species-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	34-41	catalase	Homo sapiens	76-84
18533141-3	2008	In the present work, we show that retinol treatment (7 microM, 24 h) led to catalase (EC 1.11.1.6; CAT) activation in cultured Sertoli cells by increasing its protein content in a reactive species-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	34-41	catalase	Homo sapiens	99-102
18533141-7	2008	These results show for the first time that retinol increases CAT activity by a redox-dependent modulation of its protein content in a cell culture model.	Vitamin A	43-50	catalase	Homo sapiens	61-64
18426863-2	2008	An interaction between iron and vitamin A status, of which RBP4 is a surrogate, has long been recognized.	Vitamin A	32-41	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	59-63
18430770-0	2008	Serum retinol binding protein 4 is related to insulin resistance and nonoxidative glucose metabolism in lean and obese women with normal glucose tolerance.	Vitamin A	6-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
18436859-1	2008	Retinol, the alcohol form of vitamin A, maintains pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by the overexpression of Nanog, which is a key transcription factor for their self-renewal.	Vitamin A	0-7	Nanog homeobox	Mus musculus	125-130
18436859-1	2008	Retinol, the alcohol form of vitamin A, maintains pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by the overexpression of Nanog, which is a key transcription factor for their self-renewal.	Vitamin A	29-38	Nanog homeobox	Mus musculus	125-130
18455147-0	2008	Homeostasis of retinol in lecithin: retinol acyltransferase gene knockout mice fed a high retinol diet.	Vitamin A	15-22	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	26-59
18520998-3	2008	RBP is an all-trans retinol carrier, a molecule that can be metabolized into retinoic acid, a morphogen involved in central nervous system (CNS) morphogenesis and patterning.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
18520998-4	2008	Here we demonstrate the presence of all-trans retinol within the E-CSF and analyse the dynamics of RBP and all-trans retinol within this fluid, as well as the expression of retinoic acid-synthesizing enzymes during early CNS development.	Vitamin A	46-53	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	67-70
18455147-2	2008	As compared to Wt, LRAT-/- mice exhibited a greater and faster increase in serum retinol concentration (mean+/-S.D., Wt, 1.3 +/- 0.2 microM to 1.5 +/- 0.3 microM in 48 h, p > 0.05; LRAT-/-, 1.3 +/- 0.2 microM to 2.2+/-0.3 microM in 48 h, p < 0.01) and a higher level of retinol in adipose tissue (17.2 +/- 2.4 pmol/mg in Wt vs. 34.6 +/- 8.0 pmol/mg in LRAT-/-).	Vitamin A	81-88	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	19-23
18455147-2	2008	As compared to Wt, LRAT-/- mice exhibited a greater and faster increase in serum retinol concentration (mean+/-S.D., Wt, 1.3 +/- 0.2 microM to 1.5 +/- 0.3 microM in 48 h, p > 0.05; LRAT-/-, 1.3 +/- 0.2 microM to 2.2+/-0.3 microM in 48 h, p < 0.01) and a higher level of retinol in adipose tissue (17.2 +/- 2.4 pmol/mg in Wt vs. 34.6 +/- 8.0 pmol/mg in LRAT-/-).	Vitamin A	276-283	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	19-23
18455147-3	2008	In the small intestines of Wt mice higher levels of retinol (96.4 +/- 13.0 pmol/mg in Wt vs. 13.7 +/- 7.6 pmol/mg in LRAT-/- and retinyl esters (2493.4 +/- 544.8 pmol/mg in Wt vs. 8.2 +/- 2.6 pmol/mg in LRAT-/- were detected.	Vitamin A	52-59	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	117-121
18455147-3	2008	In the small intestines of Wt mice higher levels of retinol (96.4 +/- 13.0 pmol/mg in Wt vs. 13.7 +/- 7.6 pmol/mg in LRAT-/- and retinyl esters (2493.4 +/- 544.8 pmol/mg in Wt vs. 8.2 +/- 2.6 pmol/mg in LRAT-/- were detected.	Vitamin A	52-59	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	203-207
18455147-4	2008	More retinol was detected in the feces of LRAT-/- mice (69.3 +/- 32.6 pmol/mg in LRAT-/- vs. 24.1 +/- 8.6 pmol/mg in Wt).	Vitamin A	5-12	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	42-46
18455147-4	2008	More retinol was detected in the feces of LRAT-/- mice (69.3 +/- 32.6 pmol/mg in LRAT-/- vs. 24.1 +/- 8.6 pmol/mg in Wt).	Vitamin A	5-12	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	81-85
18455147-5	2008	LRAT mRNA levels increased in the lungs, small intestines, and livers of Wt mice on the high retinol diet, while CYP26A1 mRNA levels increased greatly only in the LRAT-/- mice.	Vitamin A	93-100	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-4
18455147-7	2008	Our data indicate that the LRAT-/- mice maintain the homeostasis of retinol as the dietary retinol increases by increasing the excretion of retinol from the gastrointestinal tract, increasing the distribution of retinol to adipose tissue, and enhancing the catabolism by CYP26A1.	Vitamin A	68-75	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	27-31
18455147-7	2008	Our data indicate that the LRAT-/- mice maintain the homeostasis of retinol as the dietary retinol increases by increasing the excretion of retinol from the gastrointestinal tract, increasing the distribution of retinol to adipose tissue, and enhancing the catabolism by CYP26A1.	Vitamin A	91-98	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	27-31
18455147-7	2008	Our data indicate that the LRAT-/- mice maintain the homeostasis of retinol as the dietary retinol increases by increasing the excretion of retinol from the gastrointestinal tract, increasing the distribution of retinol to adipose tissue, and enhancing the catabolism by CYP26A1.	Vitamin A	91-98	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	27-31
18455147-7	2008	Our data indicate that the LRAT-/- mice maintain the homeostasis of retinol as the dietary retinol increases by increasing the excretion of retinol from the gastrointestinal tract, increasing the distribution of retinol to adipose tissue, and enhancing the catabolism by CYP26A1.	Vitamin A	91-98	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	27-31
18455147-8	2008	We show that LRAT plays a role in maintaining a stable serum retinol concentration when dietary retinol concentration fluctuates.	Vitamin A	61-68	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	13-17
18455147-8	2008	We show that LRAT plays a role in maintaining a stable serum retinol concentration when dietary retinol concentration fluctuates.	Vitamin A	96-103	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	13-17
18343808-5	2008	RA and retinol also regulate expression of ADH1, cellular retinol binding protein 1 and cellular RA binding protein 2 in fibroid and myometrial cells.	Vitamin A	7-14	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	49-83
18427164-6	2008	The vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid is involved in this process via TGF-beta dependent induction of Foxp3.	Vitamin A	4-13	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	103-108
18393390-4	2008	Adipophilin and TIP47 are expressed in LDs of vitamin A-storing hepatic stellate cells and additionally in LDs of steatotic hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	46-55	perilipin 2	Homo sapiens	0-11
18393390-4	2008	Adipophilin and TIP47 are expressed in LDs of vitamin A-storing hepatic stellate cells and additionally in LDs of steatotic hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	46-55	perilipin 3	Homo sapiens	16-21
18569334-0	2008	Xanthine dehydrogenase processes retinol to retinoic acid in human mammary epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	33-40	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-22
18569334-6	2008	is capable to oxidize all-trans-retinol bound to CRBP (holo-CRBP) to all-trans-retinaldehyde and then to all-trans-retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	22-39	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
18569334-6	2008	is capable to oxidize all-trans-retinol bound to CRBP (holo-CRBP) to all-trans-retinaldehyde and then to all-trans-retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	22-39	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
18569334-11	2008	After isolation and immunoassay of the cytosolic protein showing retinol oxidizing activity we identified it with the well-known enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase.	Vitamin A	65-72	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	136-158
18569334-12	2008	The NAD+ dependent retinol oxidation catalyzed by xanthine dehydrogenase is strictly dependent on cellular retinol binding proteins and is inhibited by oxypurinol.	Vitamin A	19-26	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	50-72
18569334-12	2008	The NAD+ dependent retinol oxidation catalyzed by xanthine dehydrogenase is strictly dependent on cellular retinol binding proteins and is inhibited by oxypurinol.	Vitamin A	107-114	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	50-72
18282684-0	2008	Inhibition of MDR1 expression by retinol treatment increases sensitivity to etoposide (VP16) in human neoplasic cell line.	Vitamin A	33-40	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	14-18
18282684-3	2008	It has been suggested that MDR1 expression is redox-regulated and we have recently described a pro-oxidative effect of retinol.	Vitamin A	119-126	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
18282684-4	2008	Here we tested the therapeutic use of retinol as a modulator of MDR1 gene expression in tumor cell lines, and verified in situ the enhancement of anticancer drug efficacy.	Vitamin A	38-45	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	64-68
18282684-8	2008	Retinol treatment caused a 40% decrease in MDR1 expression and increased VP16 toxicity.	Vitamin A	0-7	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
18364238-2	2008	Here, we tested the impact of vitamin A on hepatic and adipose tissue SCD1 expression and adiposity per se, using an obese mutant rat strain namely, WNIN/Ob developed at National Center for Laboratory Animal Sciences of National Institute of Nutrition, India.	Vitamin A	30-39	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
18364238-5	2008	Further, vitamin A feeding resulted in augmented expression of SCD1 in liver and RPWAT of lean rats, while no such effect was seen in obese rats.	Vitamin A	9-18	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
18387951-1	2008	Plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), the principal carrier of vitamin A in the blood, delivers vitamin A from liver, the site of storage, to distant organs that need vitamin A, such as the eye, brain, placenta, and testis.	Vitamin A	63-72	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	7-30
18387951-1	2008	Plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), the principal carrier of vitamin A in the blood, delivers vitamin A from liver, the site of storage, to distant organs that need vitamin A, such as the eye, brain, placenta, and testis.	Vitamin A	63-72	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
18387951-1	2008	Plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), the principal carrier of vitamin A in the blood, delivers vitamin A from liver, the site of storage, to distant organs that need vitamin A, such as the eye, brain, placenta, and testis.	Vitamin A	96-105	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	7-30
18387951-1	2008	Plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), the principal carrier of vitamin A in the blood, delivers vitamin A from liver, the site of storage, to distant organs that need vitamin A, such as the eye, brain, placenta, and testis.	Vitamin A	96-105	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
18387951-1	2008	Plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), the principal carrier of vitamin A in the blood, delivers vitamin A from liver, the site of storage, to distant organs that need vitamin A, such as the eye, brain, placenta, and testis.	Vitamin A	96-105	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	7-30
18387951-1	2008	Plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), the principal carrier of vitamin A in the blood, delivers vitamin A from liver, the site of storage, to distant organs that need vitamin A, such as the eye, brain, placenta, and testis.	Vitamin A	96-105	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
18387951-2	2008	STRA6 is a high-affinity membrane receptor for RBP and mediates vitamin A uptake in these target organs.	Vitamin A	64-73	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
18387951-5	2008	Mutations in any of the three essential residues in this domain can almost completely abolish binding of STRA6 to RBP and its vitamin A uptake activity from holo-RBP without affecting its cell surface expression.	Vitamin A	126-135	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	105-110
18387951-5	2008	Mutations in any of the three essential residues in this domain can almost completely abolish binding of STRA6 to RBP and its vitamin A uptake activity from holo-RBP without affecting its cell surface expression.	Vitamin A	126-135	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	162-165
18387951-7	2008	All STRA6 mutants associated with severe birth defects have largely abolished vitamin A uptake activity, consistent with the severe clinical phenotypes.	Vitamin A	78-87	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	4-9
18387951-8	2008	In addition, we have identified a human polymorphism that significantly reduces the vitamin A uptake activity of STRA6.	Vitamin A	84-93	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	113-118
18387951-9	2008	Interestingly, the residue affected by this polymorphism is located in the RBP-binding domain we identified, and the polymorphism causes decreased vitamin A uptake by reducing RBP binding.	Vitamin A	147-156	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	75-78
18387951-9	2008	Interestingly, the residue affected by this polymorphism is located in the RBP-binding domain we identified, and the polymorphism causes decreased vitamin A uptake by reducing RBP binding.	Vitamin A	147-156	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	176-179
18387951-10	2008	This study identifies an essential functional domain in STRA6 and a human polymorphism in this domain that leads to reduced vitamin A uptake activity.	Vitamin A	124-133	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	56-61
18348983-5	2008	The contribution that DGAT1 makes to intestinal retinyl ester synthesis becomes greater when a large pharmacologic dose of retinol is administered by gavage to mice.	Vitamin A	123-130	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	22-27
18348983-6	2008	Moreover, when large retinol doses are administered another intestinal enzyme(s) with ARAT activity becomes apparent.	Vitamin A	21-28	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	86-90
18348983-8	2008	Our data also establish that cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBPII), which is expressed solely in the adult intestine, in vivo channels retinol to LRAT for retinyl ester synthesis.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	72-78
18453568-6	2008	Consistent with the finding that the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) induces gut-homing molecules on T cells, we further demonstrate that IL-4 up-regulated retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 mRNA on MLN-DC, a critical enzyme involved in the synthesis of RA.	Vitamin A	37-46	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	146-150
18453568-6	2008	Consistent with the finding that the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) induces gut-homing molecules on T cells, we further demonstrate that IL-4 up-regulated retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 mRNA on MLN-DC, a critical enzyme involved in the synthesis of RA.	Vitamin A	37-46	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	164-193
18378077-7	2008	We demonstrated a gradual decrease or absent of plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and haptoglobin precursor allele 1 in CSF from patients with MCI and AD compared to the age-matched normal subjects.	Vitamin A	55-62	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	80-83
18437353-10	2008	Serum retinol was lower (p < 0.001) and the RBP4 Western blot level: retinol molar ratio was higher in women with gestational diabetes (p = 0.044).	Vitamin A	72-79	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-51
18437353-15	2008	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: RBP4 measured by two different techniques is not elevated, but the RBP4:retinol molar ratio is higher and correlates with fasting blood glucose in women with gestational diabetes.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	95-99
18419130-2	2008	It functions as the high-affinity receptor for plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) and mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A from the vitamin A-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	116-125	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-77
18419130-2	2008	It functions as the high-affinity receptor for plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) and mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A from the vitamin A-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	116-125	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	79-82
18419130-2	2008	It functions as the high-affinity receptor for plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) and mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A from the vitamin A-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	116-125	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	145-148
18419130-2	2008	It functions as the high-affinity receptor for plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) and mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A from the vitamin A-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	135-144	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-77
18419130-2	2008	It functions as the high-affinity receptor for plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) and mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A from the vitamin A-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	135-144	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	79-82
18419130-2	2008	It functions as the high-affinity receptor for plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) and mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A from the vitamin A-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	135-144	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	145-148
18419130-3	2008	Consistent with the diverse roles of vitamin A and the wide tissue expression pattern of STRA6, mutations in STRA6 are associated with severe pathological phenotypes in humans.	Vitamin A	37-46	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	109-114
18284914-1	2008	Lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is a 230 amino acids membrane-associated protein which catalyzes the esterification of all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinyl ester.	Vitamin A	127-144	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-32
18284914-1	2008	Lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is a 230 amino acids membrane-associated protein which catalyzes the esterification of all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinyl ester.	Vitamin A	127-144	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
18373956-3	2008	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists such as planar halogenated compounds are known to interfere with vitamin A homeostasis in both field and laboratory studies.	Vitamin A	106-115	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Salmo salar	0-25
18373956-3	2008	Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists such as planar halogenated compounds are known to interfere with vitamin A homeostasis in both field and laboratory studies.	Vitamin A	106-115	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Salmo salar	27-30
18373956-14	2008	In general, our data show an interaction between vitamin A and AhR signalling that may affect retinoid homeostasis in fish.	Vitamin A	49-58	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Salmo salar	63-66
18426837-6	2008	MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Associations between serum concentrations of retinol and RBP-4, and BMD of the total body, lumbar spine, and hip, serum concentrations of osteocalcin, and carboxy terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), were investigated.	Vitamin A	68-75	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
18343808-5	2008	RA and retinol also regulate expression of ADH1, cellular retinol binding protein 1 and cellular RA binding protein 2 in fibroid and myometrial cells.	Vitamin A	7-14	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	43-47
17988958-4	2008	In this study, we characterized the protective effect of fenretinide [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide], a vitamin A derivative, on the early onset of osteoporosis in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator knockout (Cftr-KO) mice.	Vitamin A	105-114	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Mus musculus	165-216
18819536-0	2008	Applied shared log-normal frailty Cox-proportional hazard model to evaluating the effect of vitamin A on the rat passive avoidance memory.	Vitamin A	92-101	coproporphyrinogen oxidase	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
18819536-1	2008	In this research, the Cox-proportional hazard model is used to investigate the effect of various values of vitamin A (3000, 4500 and 6000 IU kg(-1)) and sesame oil on the passive avoidance memory of rats by shuttle box.	Vitamin A	107-116	coproporphyrinogen oxidase	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
18410697-4	2008	The present study explores the utility of retinol-binding protein (RBP), analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from capillary blood, as an alternative measure of serum retinol concentrations in populations.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	67-70
18410697-12	2008	This is a critical observation as it provides empirical evidence that RBP from capillary blood is a surrogate measure of serum retinol concentrations.	Vitamin A	127-134	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	70-73
18425980-18	2008	When the different antioxidants were assessed separately, analyses including trials with a low risk of bias and excluding selenium trials found significantly increased mortality by vitamin A (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.24), beta-carotene (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.11), and vitamin E (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07), but no significant detrimental effect of vitamin C (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.20).	Vitamin A	181-190	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	192-196
18425980-18	2008	When the different antioxidants were assessed separately, analyses including trials with a low risk of bias and excluding selenium trials found significantly increased mortality by vitamin A (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.24), beta-carotene (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.11), and vitamin E (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07), but no significant detrimental effect of vitamin C (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.20).	Vitamin A	181-190	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	238-242
18425980-18	2008	When the different antioxidants were assessed separately, analyses including trials with a low risk of bias and excluding selenium trials found significantly increased mortality by vitamin A (RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.24), beta-carotene (RR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.11), and vitamin E (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.07), but no significant detrimental effect of vitamin C (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.20).	Vitamin A	181-190	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	238-242
18295589-4	2008	Our studies suggest that cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (RBP1) acts as an intracellular sensor of retinoid status that, when present as apo-RBP1, stimulates BCMO1 activity and the conversion of carotenoids to retinoids.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	67-71
18295589-4	2008	Our studies suggest that cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (RBP1) acts as an intracellular sensor of retinoid status that, when present as apo-RBP1, stimulates BCMO1 activity and the conversion of carotenoids to retinoids.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	150-154
18295589-4	2008	Our studies suggest that cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (RBP1) acts as an intracellular sensor of retinoid status that, when present as apo-RBP1, stimulates BCMO1 activity and the conversion of carotenoids to retinoids.	Vitamin A	34-41	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	167-172
18194670-2	2008	The present study was performed to analyze the interaction between gc-globulin of hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells, the most important fat-/retinol-storing cell type in the liver, which spontaneously transdifferentiates to myofibroblasts in culture.	Vitamin A	146-153	GC vitamin D binding protein	Homo sapiens	67-78
17991731-1	2008	This laboratory has advanced a model whereby retinol is transported around the body bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), is transferred across the membrane of cells by a specific receptor/transporter, and is picked up from the membrane by an intracellular homolog, cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	93-116
17991731-1	2008	This laboratory has advanced a model whereby retinol is transported around the body bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), is transferred across the membrane of cells by a specific receptor/transporter, and is picked up from the membrane by an intracellular homolog, cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	118-121
17991731-1	2008	This laboratory has advanced a model whereby retinol is transported around the body bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), is transferred across the membrane of cells by a specific receptor/transporter, and is picked up from the membrane by an intracellular homolog, cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	277-300
17991731-1	2008	This laboratory has advanced a model whereby retinol is transported around the body bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), is transferred across the membrane of cells by a specific receptor/transporter, and is picked up from the membrane by an intracellular homolog, cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	302-306
17941088-2	2008	All-trans retinoic acid (RA), a bioactive vitamin A derivative, prevents stretch- and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy.	Vitamin A	42-51	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	86-100
17941088-2	2008	All-trans retinoic acid (RA), a bioactive vitamin A derivative, prevents stretch- and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy.	Vitamin A	42-51	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	102-108
17918208-0	2008	Retinol decreases phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity in colon cancer cells.	Vitamin A	0-7	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Homo sapiens	18-47
17918208-2	2008	Because phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) regulates cell invasion, the objective of the current study was to determine if retinol affected PI3K activity.	Vitamin A	125-132	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta	Homo sapiens	8-37
17918208-5	2008	To determine the mechanism by which retinol reduces PI3K activity, the levels and heterodimerization of the regulatory subunit, p85, and the catalytic subunit, p110, of PI3K were examined.	Vitamin A	36-43	phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 2	Homo sapiens	128-131
18164278-1	2008	The biological effects of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), a major active metabolite of retinol, are mainly mediated through its interactions with retinoic acid receptor (RARs alpha, beta, gamma) and retinoid X receptor (RXRs alpha, beta, gamma) heterodimers.	Vitamin A	85-92	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	168-216
18376398-2	2008	We used vitamin A-coupled liposomes to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) against gp46, the rat homolog of human heat shock protein 47, to hepatic stellate cells.	Vitamin A	8-17	serpin family H member 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
18326740-7	2008	In contrast, Nrl(-)(/)(-) mice exhibited decreased levels of retinaldehydes and retinyl esters, and elevated levels of retinols.	Vitamin A	119-127	neural retina leucine zipper gene	Mus musculus	13-16
18316031-0	2008	RBP4 disrupts vitamin A uptake homeostasis in a STRA6-deficient animal model for Matthew-Wood syndrome.	Vitamin A	14-23	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
18316031-1	2008	The cellular uptake of vitamin A from its RBP4-bound circulating form (holo-RBP4) is a homeostatic process that evidently depends on the multidomain membrane protein STRA6.	Vitamin A	23-32	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	42-46
18316031-1	2008	The cellular uptake of vitamin A from its RBP4-bound circulating form (holo-RBP4) is a homeostatic process that evidently depends on the multidomain membrane protein STRA6.	Vitamin A	23-32	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	76-80
18316031-1	2008	The cellular uptake of vitamin A from its RBP4-bound circulating form (holo-RBP4) is a homeostatic process that evidently depends on the multidomain membrane protein STRA6.	Vitamin A	23-32	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	166-171
18316031-4	2008	STRA6-dependent transfer of retinol from RBP4 into cultured NIH 3T3 fibroblasts was enhanced by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	28-35	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
18316031-4	2008	STRA6-dependent transfer of retinol from RBP4 into cultured NIH 3T3 fibroblasts was enhanced by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	41-45
18316031-4	2008	STRA6-dependent transfer of retinol from RBP4 into cultured NIH 3T3 fibroblasts was enhanced by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	28-35	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	96-128
18316031-4	2008	STRA6-dependent transfer of retinol from RBP4 into cultured NIH 3T3 fibroblasts was enhanced by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	28-35	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	130-134
18316031-7	2008	We provide evidence that, in the absence of Stra6, holo-Rbp4 provokes nonspecific vitamin A excess in several embryonic tissues, impairing retinoic acid receptor signaling and gene regulation.	Vitamin A	82-91	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	56-60
18524327-8	2008	The presence of a monosaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) and the high concentrations of micronutrients (a tocopherol and retinol) in RBD red palm oil, influence favorably the lipid profile of rats with induced hyperlipidemia.	Vitamin A	120-127	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
18294692-0	2008	The common environmental pollutant dioxin-induced memory deficits by altering estrogen pathways and a major route of retinol transport involving transthyretin.	Vitamin A	117-124	transthyretin	Mus musculus	145-158
17712631-5	2008	Vitamin A supplementation induced lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and oxidation of protein thiol groups, as well as change in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity.	Vitamin A	0-9	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	137-145
17712631-5	2008	Vitamin A supplementation induced lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and oxidation of protein thiol groups, as well as change in catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity.	Vitamin A	0-9	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
18294692-8	2008	Attenuation of dioxin-induced memory deficits in mice lacking transthyretin (TTR) suggests that TCDD may be acting by affecting the major route of retinol transport involving TTR.	Vitamin A	147-154	transthyretin	Mus musculus	62-75
18294692-8	2008	Attenuation of dioxin-induced memory deficits in mice lacking transthyretin (TTR) suggests that TCDD may be acting by affecting the major route of retinol transport involving TTR.	Vitamin A	147-154	transthyretin	Mus musculus	77-80
18294692-8	2008	Attenuation of dioxin-induced memory deficits in mice lacking transthyretin (TTR) suggests that TCDD may be acting by affecting the major route of retinol transport involving TTR.	Vitamin A	147-154	transthyretin	Mus musculus	175-178
18294692-9	2008	Taken together, these results suggest that the environmental and food pollutant TCDD can induce memory deficits by altering the estrogen pathways and a main route of TTR-mediated retinol transport.	Vitamin A	179-186	transthyretin	Mus musculus	166-169
18093970-4	2008	Dams lacking both LRAT and retinol-binding protein (RBP), the sole specific carrier for retinol in serum, were maintained on diets containing different amounts of vitamin A during pregnancy.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	52-55
18093970-6	2008	Our data demonstrate that maternal dietary vitamin A deprivation during pregnancy generates a severe retinoid-deficient phenotype of the embryo due to the severe retinoid-deficient status of the double mutant dams rather than to the lack of LRAT in the developing tissues.	Vitamin A	43-52	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	241-245
18093970-7	2008	Moreover, in the case of excessive maternal dietary vitamin A intake, LRAT acts together with Cyp26A1, one of the enzymes that catalyze the degradation of retinoic acid, and possibly with STRA6, the recently identified cell surface receptor for retinol-RBP, in maintaining adequate levels of retinoids in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.	Vitamin A	52-61	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	70-74
18093970-7	2008	Moreover, in the case of excessive maternal dietary vitamin A intake, LRAT acts together with Cyp26A1, one of the enzymes that catalyze the degradation of retinoic acid, and possibly with STRA6, the recently identified cell surface receptor for retinol-RBP, in maintaining adequate levels of retinoids in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.	Vitamin A	52-61	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	94-101
18093970-7	2008	Moreover, in the case of excessive maternal dietary vitamin A intake, LRAT acts together with Cyp26A1, one of the enzymes that catalyze the degradation of retinoic acid, and possibly with STRA6, the recently identified cell surface receptor for retinol-RBP, in maintaining adequate levels of retinoids in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.	Vitamin A	52-61	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	188-193
18093970-7	2008	Moreover, in the case of excessive maternal dietary vitamin A intake, LRAT acts together with Cyp26A1, one of the enzymes that catalyze the degradation of retinoic acid, and possibly with STRA6, the recently identified cell surface receptor for retinol-RBP, in maintaining adequate levels of retinoids in embryonic and extraembryonic tissues.	Vitamin A	52-61	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	253-256
18093975-0	2008	Isx participates in the maintenance of vitamin A metabolism by regulation of beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (Bcmo1) expression.	Vitamin A	39-48	intestine specific homeobox	Mus musculus	0-3
18237193-1	2008	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 55 kDa homotetrameric protein known for the transport of thyroxine and the indirect transportation of retinol.	Vitamin A	127-134	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
18237193-1	2008	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 55 kDa homotetrameric protein known for the transport of thyroxine and the indirect transportation of retinol.	Vitamin A	127-134	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
18093975-0	2008	Isx participates in the maintenance of vitamin A metabolism by regulation of beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (Bcmo1) expression.	Vitamin A	39-48	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	77-111
18093975-0	2008	Isx participates in the maintenance of vitamin A metabolism by regulation of beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (Bcmo1) expression.	Vitamin A	39-48	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	113-118
18357840-6	2008	CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that vitamin A suppresses TGase 1 expression in normal vocal folds to inhibit keratinization, and that the TGase 1 up-regulation caused by vitamin A deficiency may be related to the formation of metaplasia in the laryngeal epithelium.	Vitamin A	34-43	transglutaminase 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-62
17904683-2	2008	Whereas RBP4 is also mainly expressed in hepatocytes as the principal transport protein for retinol (vitamin A) in the circulation, and its pathophysiological role in liver remain unclear.	Vitamin A	92-99	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	8-12
17904683-2	2008	Whereas RBP4 is also mainly expressed in hepatocytes as the principal transport protein for retinol (vitamin A) in the circulation, and its pathophysiological role in liver remain unclear.	Vitamin A	101-110	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	8-12
17942326-2	2008	We have previously shown that vitamin A, the natural precursor of the retinoids, induces oxidative-dependent cytochrome c release from isolated mitochondria, suggesting a putative mechanism for apoptosis activation.	Vitamin A	30-39	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	109-121
18426837-7	2008	RESULTS: Both retinol and RBP-4 showed an inverse relationship with that of osteocalcin (r=-0.23 to -0.25, P<0.05).	Vitamin A	14-21	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	76-87
18426837-8	2008	Levels of RBP-4 (r=0.26, P=0.02) and osteocalcin (r=-0.23, P=0.04) were also related to abdominal fat mass, and the relationship between RBP-4, retinol, and osteocalcin disappeared after adjusting for this influence of abdominal fat mass.	Vitamin A	144-151	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	10-15
18426837-10	2008	Levels of RBP-4 showed a strong association with levels of retinol (r=0.61, P<0.001).	Vitamin A	59-66	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	10-15
18426837-11	2008	CONCLUSION: We found a negative association between the bone formation marker osteocalcin with retinol and RBP-4.	Vitamin A	95-102	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	78-89
18000880-2	2008	Although retinol esterification is mostly catalyzed by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)1 also does this.	Vitamin A	9-16	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	55-87
18000880-2	2008	Although retinol esterification is mostly catalyzed by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)1 also does this.	Vitamin A	9-16	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	89-93
18000880-2	2008	Although retinol esterification is mostly catalyzed by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)1 also does this.	Vitamin A	9-16	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	96-134
18209081-2	2008	Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) can produce a Th1 bias, whereas high-level dietary vitamin A can promote a Th2 bias.	Vitamin A	78-87	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	102-105
18006143-0	2008	LIF removal increases CRABPI and CRABPII transcripts in embryonic stem cells cultured in retinol or 4-oxoretinol.	Vitamin A	89-96	leukemia inhibitory factor	Mus musculus	0-3
18006143-4	2008	In ES cells treated with retinol or 4-oxoretinol in the absence of LIF the CRABP-I (Crabp1, NM_013496; GI:7304974) and CRABP-II (Crabp2, NM_007759; GI:33469074) mRNA levels at 72h were 66+/-4 and 413+/-6 fold higher, respectively, than the levels in control ES cells cultured without retinoids and in the presence of LIF.	Vitamin A	25-32	cellular retinoic acid binding protein I	Mus musculus	75-82
18006143-4	2008	In ES cells treated with retinol or 4-oxoretinol in the absence of LIF the CRABP-I (Crabp1, NM_013496; GI:7304974) and CRABP-II (Crabp2, NM_007759; GI:33469074) mRNA levels at 72h were 66+/-4 and 413+/-6 fold higher, respectively, than the levels in control ES cells cultured without retinoids and in the presence of LIF.	Vitamin A	25-32	cellular retinoic acid binding protein I	Mus musculus	84-90
18006143-4	2008	In ES cells treated with retinol or 4-oxoretinol in the absence of LIF the CRABP-I (Crabp1, NM_013496; GI:7304974) and CRABP-II (Crabp2, NM_007759; GI:33469074) mRNA levels at 72h were 66+/-4 and 413+/-6 fold higher, respectively, than the levels in control ES cells cultured without retinoids and in the presence of LIF.	Vitamin A	25-32	cellular retinoic acid binding protein II	Mus musculus	119-127
18006143-4	2008	In ES cells treated with retinol or 4-oxoretinol in the absence of LIF the CRABP-I (Crabp1, NM_013496; GI:7304974) and CRABP-II (Crabp2, NM_007759; GI:33469074) mRNA levels at 72h were 66+/-4 and 413+/-6 fold higher, respectively, than the levels in control ES cells cultured without retinoids and in the presence of LIF.	Vitamin A	25-32	cellular retinoic acid binding protein II	Mus musculus	129-135
18006143-4	2008	In ES cells treated with retinol or 4-oxoretinol in the absence of LIF the CRABP-I (Crabp1, NM_013496; GI:7304974) and CRABP-II (Crabp2, NM_007759; GI:33469074) mRNA levels at 72h were 66+/-4 and 413+/-6 fold higher, respectively, than the levels in control ES cells cultured without retinoids and in the presence of LIF.	Vitamin A	25-32	leukemia inhibitory factor	Mus musculus	317-320
18006143-6	2008	CRABPI protein was also increased by >50-fold in cells treated with retinol in the absence of LIF.	Vitamin A	71-78	cellular retinoic acid binding protein I	Mus musculus	0-6
18006143-9	2008	The enormous increases in CRABPI and II transcripts ( approximately 60 and 400-fold, respectively) in the absence of LIF may regulate aspects of the ES cell differentiation program in response to retinol.	Vitamin A	196-203	cellular retinoic acid binding protein I	Mus musculus	26-32
18171945-5	2008	First, a lifelong vitamin A supplementation, like short-term RA administration, was shown to counteract the aging-related hippocampal (but not striatal) hypoexpression of a plasticity-related retinoid target-gene, GAP43 (reverse transcription-PCR analyses, experiment 1), as well as short-term/working memory (STWM) deterioration seen particularly in organization demanding trials (STWM task, experiment 2).	Vitamin A	18-27	growth associated protein 43	Mus musculus	214-219
17942326-5	2008	Retinol induced oxidant- and time-dependent imbalance of several mitochondrial parameters, cytochrome c release and caspase-3/7 activation, leading cells to commit apoptosis.	Vitamin A	0-7	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	91-103
17942326-5	2008	Retinol induced oxidant- and time-dependent imbalance of several mitochondrial parameters, cytochrome c release and caspase-3/7 activation, leading cells to commit apoptosis.	Vitamin A	0-7	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	116-125
18769064-7	2008	CONCLUSION: These results reveal a selective effect of ATRA inhibiting RBP4 expression specifically in adipocytes, and reinforce the concept that vitamin A vitamers may affect insulin sensitivity through effects on adipokine production.	Vitamin A	146-155	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	71-75
17910894-3	2008	Vitamin A (retinoic acid [RA]) and the active form of vitamin D3 (1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25D(3)]) have been used to treat certain T cell-mediated inflammatory skin diseases, as well as cutaneous T-cell lymphomas; however, their effect on CLA expression has not been studied.	Vitamin A	0-9	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	243-246
18093975-4	2008	Quantitative mRNA expression profiling of duodenum and jejunum showed that beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (EC1.14.99.36 Bcmo1) and the class B type I scavenger receptor, which are involved in vitamin A synthesis and carotenoid uptake, respectively, were drastically increased in IsxLacZ/LacZ mice.	Vitamin A	196-205	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	75-109
18093975-8	2008	These data suggest that Isx participates in the maintenance of vitamin A metabolism by regulating Bcmo1 expression in the intestine.	Vitamin A	63-72	intestine specific homeobox	Mus musculus	24-27
18093975-8	2008	These data suggest that Isx participates in the maintenance of vitamin A metabolism by regulating Bcmo1 expression in the intestine.	Vitamin A	63-72	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	98-103
18085670-2	2008	Experimental evidence suggests that the active metabolites of vitamin A that mediate its effects on the immune system are the retinoic acids (RA), which are ligands for the nuclear RA receptor (RAR) family.	Vitamin A	62-71	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	181-192
18085670-2	2008	Experimental evidence suggests that the active metabolites of vitamin A that mediate its effects on the immune system are the retinoic acids (RA), which are ligands for the nuclear RA receptor (RAR) family.	Vitamin A	62-71	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	194-197
18689151-4	2008	Their effects are mediated through nuclear receptors called Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR) and regulated by molecules such as Cellular Retinol-Binding Protein 1 (CRBP1) that function in retinol storage.	Vitamin A	184-191	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	60-82
18689151-4	2008	Their effects are mediated through nuclear receptors called Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR) and regulated by molecules such as Cellular Retinol-Binding Protein 1 (CRBP1) that function in retinol storage.	Vitamin A	184-191	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	84-87
18689151-4	2008	Their effects are mediated through nuclear receptors called Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR) and regulated by molecules such as Cellular Retinol-Binding Protein 1 (CRBP1) that function in retinol storage.	Vitamin A	184-191	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	124-158
18689151-4	2008	Their effects are mediated through nuclear receptors called Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR) and regulated by molecules such as Cellular Retinol-Binding Protein 1 (CRBP1) that function in retinol storage.	Vitamin A	184-191	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	160-165
18786882-2	2008	TTR is a normal plasma protein (previously called prealbumin) that functions as a transport protein binding tiroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	121-128	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-3
19112531-3	2008	The stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6 (STRA6) and Sloan-Kettering viral oncogene homolog (SKI) genes are involved in vitamin A metabolism, and are implicated with A/M developmental abnormalities in human and animal studies.	Vitamin A	118-127	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	4-38
19112531-3	2008	The stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6 (STRA6) and Sloan-Kettering viral oncogene homolog (SKI) genes are involved in vitamin A metabolism, and are implicated with A/M developmental abnormalities in human and animal studies.	Vitamin A	118-127	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	40-45
19112531-3	2008	The stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6 (STRA6) and Sloan-Kettering viral oncogene homolog (SKI) genes are involved in vitamin A metabolism, and are implicated with A/M developmental abnormalities in human and animal studies.	Vitamin A	118-127	SKI proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	91-94
19079159-1	2008	Recent studies have highlighted a central role for intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) and vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) in the generation of alpha4beta7(+) CCR9(+)"gut tropic" effector T cells.	Vitamin A	88-97	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9	Mus musculus	164-168
18444141-5	2008	Retinol treatment increased beta-catenin and RXRalpha protein interaction.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	45-53
18444141-6	2008	Previously, we showed that 24 h of retinol treatment increased RXRalpha protein.	Vitamin A	35-42	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	63-71
18444141-0	2008	Retinol Increases beta-catenin-RXRalpha binding leading to the increased proteasomal degradation of beta-catenin and RXRalpha.	Vitamin A	0-7	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	18-30
18444141-8	2008	Treatment with 48 h with retinol decreased RXRalpha protein levels.	Vitamin A	25-32	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	43-51
18444141-0	2008	Retinol Increases beta-catenin-RXRalpha binding leading to the increased proteasomal degradation of beta-catenin and RXRalpha.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	31-39
18444141-0	2008	Retinol Increases beta-catenin-RXRalpha binding leading to the increased proteasomal degradation of beta-catenin and RXRalpha.	Vitamin A	0-7	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	100-112
18444141-10	2008	These results suggest retinol induces RXRalpha and beta-catenin binding and transport to the cytosol where they are proteasomally degraded.	Vitamin A	22-29	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	38-46
18444141-0	2008	Retinol Increases beta-catenin-RXRalpha binding leading to the increased proteasomal degradation of beta-catenin and RXRalpha.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	117-125
18444141-10	2008	These results suggest retinol induces RXRalpha and beta-catenin binding and transport to the cytosol where they are proteasomally degraded.	Vitamin A	22-29	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	51-63
18444141-1	2008	Retinol utilizes a retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated degradation pathway to decrease beta-catenin protein in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-resistant human colon cancer cells.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	19-38
18444141-1	2008	Retinol utilizes a retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated degradation pathway to decrease beta-catenin protein in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-resistant human colon cancer cells.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	40-43
18054803-2	2008	We now know that a small subset of retinal ganglion cells are directly photosensitive and utilize an opsin/vitamin A-based photopigment called melanopsin maximally sensitive in the blue part of the spectrum.	Vitamin A	107-116	opsin 4	Homo sapiens	143-153
18444141-1	2008	Retinol utilizes a retinoid X receptor (RXR)-mediated degradation pathway to decrease beta-catenin protein in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-resistant human colon cancer cells.	Vitamin A	0-7	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	86-98
18444141-2	2008	In this study, we examined interactions between RXRalpha and beta-catenin in ATRA-resistant human colon cancer cells treated with retinol.	Vitamin A	130-137	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	48-56
18444141-2	2008	In this study, we examined interactions between RXRalpha and beta-catenin in ATRA-resistant human colon cancer cells treated with retinol.	Vitamin A	130-137	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	61-73
18444141-3	2008	Retinol treatment triggers relocation of beta-catenin and RXRalpha proteins.	Vitamin A	0-7	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	41-53
18444141-3	2008	Retinol treatment triggers relocation of beta-catenin and RXRalpha proteins.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	58-66
18444141-4	2008	Cells treated with retinol for 8 and 24 h displayed increased cytosolic but decreased nuclear beta-catenin and RXRalpha.	Vitamin A	19-26	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	94-106
18444141-4	2008	Cells treated with retinol for 8 and 24 h displayed increased cytosolic but decreased nuclear beta-catenin and RXRalpha.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	111-119
18444141-5	2008	Retinol treatment increased beta-catenin and RXRalpha protein interaction.	Vitamin A	0-7	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	28-40
18855755-5	2008	In the presence of retinol, the alpha-helix content of the secondary structure of heat-treated beta-LG is increased and the major portion of its secondary structure is helical.	Vitamin A	19-26	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	95-102
18855755-6	2008	Fluorescence results show that heat-treated beta-LG at 95 degrees C can still bind retinol.	Vitamin A	83-90	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	44-51
18855755-7	2008	The refolding of the tertiary structure of beta-LG heat-denatured at 95 degrees C may recreate a retinol binding site.	Vitamin A	97-104	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	43-50
18855755-8	2008	Surprisingly, the affinity of the new site for retinol is higher than that of native beta-LG; however, the apparent molar ratio is lower than one.	Vitamin A	47-54	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	85-92
18181245-1	2008	To bind and release its ligand, cellular retinol-binding protein type I (CRBP) needs to undergo conformational and dynamic changes to connect the inner, solvent-shielded cavity, where retinol is found to bind, and the outside medium.	Vitamin A	41-48	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
19568486-2	2008	Plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) estimation highly correlates with plasma retinol concentration to predict vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	7-14	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
19568486-2	2008	Plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) estimation highly correlates with plasma retinol concentration to predict vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	111-120	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-30
19568486-2	2008	Plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) estimation highly correlates with plasma retinol concentration to predict vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	111-120	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
19568486-4	2008	We studied the correlation of plasma vitamin A levels (by RBP estimation) and ocular manifestation in patients with liver cirrhosis.	Vitamin A	37-46	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	58-61
19568486-16	2008	Opthalmological manifestations in patients with liver cirrhosis may be preventable by early detection of hypovitaminosis A with serum RBP level, but larger studies are required before recommendation of vitamin A supplementation.	Vitamin A	202-211	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	134-137
18052213-3	2007	We report herein that all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A that is known to induce myeloid lineage cell differentiation into macrophage-like cells, induces a rapid and robust regulation of GALM mRNA expression in human myeloid cells.	Vitamin A	76-85	galactose mutarotase	Homo sapiens	216-220
17785917-9	2007	Retinoid, metabolities of vitamin A, and synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma ligands, which have been used for the treatment of insulin resistance in type II diabetes mellitus, may be the important candidates as drugs not only for prevention but also for possible endocrine treatment of endometrial carcinoma.	Vitamin A	26-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	158-165
17925390-1	2007	Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) is an NADP(+)-dependent oxidoreductase that in vitro catalyzes the reduction of all-trans-retinaldehyde to all-trans-retinol or the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde depending on substrate and cofactor availability.	Vitamin A	140-157	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Mus musculus	0-24
17925390-1	2007	Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) is an NADP(+)-dependent oxidoreductase that in vitro catalyzes the reduction of all-trans-retinaldehyde to all-trans-retinol or the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde depending on substrate and cofactor availability.	Vitamin A	140-157	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Mus musculus	26-31
17925390-1	2007	Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) is an NADP(+)-dependent oxidoreductase that in vitro catalyzes the reduction of all-trans-retinaldehyde to all-trans-retinol or the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde depending on substrate and cofactor availability.	Vitamin A	150-157	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Mus musculus	0-24
17925390-1	2007	Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) is an NADP(+)-dependent oxidoreductase that in vitro catalyzes the reduction of all-trans-retinaldehyde to all-trans-retinol or the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde depending on substrate and cofactor availability.	Vitamin A	150-157	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Mus musculus	26-31
17925390-4	2007	Here we demonstrate that, although bi-directional in vitro, in living cells, RDH12 acts exclusively as a retinaldehyde reductase, shifting the retinoid homeostasis toward the increased levels of retinol and decreased levels of bioactive retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	195-202	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Mus musculus	77-82
18085472-3	2007	At 4.5 hr post-injection, the inferred all-trans retinol influx in abcr-/- mice, which possess the leucine 450 variant of RPE65 protein, was 0.011 +/- 0.004 nmol (n = 3).	Vitamin A	49-56	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 4	Mus musculus	67-71
18085472-3	2007	At 4.5 hr post-injection, the inferred all-trans retinol influx in abcr-/- mice, which possess the leucine 450 variant of RPE65 protein, was 0.011 +/- 0.004 nmol (n = 3).	Vitamin A	49-56	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	122-127
18090557-8	2007	Comparative statistical analyses revealed multivariate relationships that demonstrate the need to further investigate correlations between vitamin A and RBP levels in CSF and serum.	Vitamin A	139-148	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	153-156
18075836-0	2007	Retinol and retinoic acid increase MMP-2 activity by different pathways in cultured Sertoli cells.	Vitamin A	0-7	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	35-40
18075836-5	2007	We found that retinol (7 microM) and retinoic acid (1 nM) induced MMP-2 activity in Sertoli cells.	Vitamin A	14-21	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	66-71
18075836-8	2007	We found that retinol and retinoic acid induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but only retinol-increased MMP-2 activity was inhibited by UO126, an ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor.	Vitamin A	14-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	48-54
18075836-8	2007	We found that retinol and retinoic acid induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but only retinol-increased MMP-2 activity was inhibited by UO126, an ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor.	Vitamin A	14-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	141-147
18075836-8	2007	We found that retinol and retinoic acid induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but only retinol-increased MMP-2 activity was inhibited by UO126, an ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor.	Vitamin A	81-88	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	99-104
18075836-8	2007	We found that retinol and retinoic acid induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but only retinol-increased MMP-2 activity was inhibited by UO126, an ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor.	Vitamin A	81-88	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	141-147
18075836-9	2007	Our findings suggested that retinol-induced MMP-2 activity, but not retinoic acid-induced MMP-2 activity, was related to ERK1/2 phosphorylation and ROS production.	Vitamin A	28-35	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	44-49
18075836-9	2007	Our findings suggested that retinol-induced MMP-2 activity, but not retinoic acid-induced MMP-2 activity, was related to ERK1/2 phosphorylation and ROS production.	Vitamin A	28-35	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	121-127
18039276-0	2007	Prenatal administration of vitamin A alters pulmonary and plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in the developing mouse.	Vitamin A	27-36	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	75-109
18039276-3	2007	In order to contribute to a better knowledge of the modulating effects of vitamin A in lung development, we investigated the effects of the antenatal administration of vitamin A on VEGF expression in lungs and plasma from foetuses and neonates.	Vitamin A	168-177	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	181-185
18039276-6	2007	Our results show that vitamin A modulates VEGF concentrations both in lungs and plasma.	Vitamin A	22-31	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	42-46
17908239-6	2007	The retinol-induced rise in intracellular calcium then led to a second slower mechanism; this involved an increase in reactive oxygen species, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and serine31 phosphorylation and the maintenance of tyrosine hydroxylase activation for up to 2 h. No effects were observed with retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	4-11	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Bos taurus	157-198
18202540-0	2007	Possible role of fatty acids in milk as the regulator of the expression of cytosolic binding proteins for fatty acids and vitamin A through PPARalpha in developing rats.	Vitamin A	122-131	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	140-149
17957146-6	2007	Healthy children with CRP levels above 0.6 mg/L had significant lower levels of retinol (p = 0.03).	Vitamin A	80-87	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	22-25
18050373-6	2007	The CYP26 gene, which plays a key role in retinol metabolism, was examined to define any single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associations with AS.	Vitamin A	42-49	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
17658070-8	2007	Exploratory path analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship between household food security and %ASF, which in turn was positively associated with retinol.	Vitamin A	162-169	arylsulfatase F	Homo sapiens	112-115
17855355-8	2007	Even on a vitamin A-sufficient chow, CMO1(-/-) mice developed a fatty liver and displayed altered serum lipid levels with elevated serum unesterified fatty acids.	Vitamin A	10-19	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	37-41
17855355-11	2007	Thus, our study identifies CMO1 as the key enzyme for vitamin A production and provides evidence for a role of carotenoids as more general regulators of lipid metabolism.	Vitamin A	54-63	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	27-31
17954498-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is accepted as a surrogate biochemical marker for retinol to determine vitamin A (VA) status.	Vitamin A	92-99	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-35
17954498-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is accepted as a surrogate biochemical marker for retinol to determine vitamin A (VA) status.	Vitamin A	92-99	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	37-40
17954498-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is accepted as a surrogate biochemical marker for retinol to determine vitamin A (VA) status.	Vitamin A	113-122	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-35
17954498-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is accepted as a surrogate biochemical marker for retinol to determine vitamin A (VA) status.	Vitamin A	113-122	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	37-40
17717133-8	2007	In multivariate Cox regression analysis, decreased retinol concentration remained a statistically significant predictor of all-cause mortality after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.	Vitamin A	51-58	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	222-240
17451418-0	2007	Suppression of ES cell differentiation by retinol (vitamin A) via the overexpression of Nanog.	Vitamin A	42-49	Nanog homeobox	Homo sapiens	88-93
17614223-10	2007	It was observed that both UV filters combinations (photounstable one containing OMC, AVB and MBC and photostable one containing OMC, BP-3 and OC) enhanced vitamin A photostability and F4 was more photostable than F3, in terms of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	155-164	bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1	Mus musculus	133-144
17644776-8	2007	Inhibition of ABCA1 protein expression by small interfering RNAs decreased ROL efflux but not carotenoid efflux.	Vitamin A	75-78	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
17728870-4	2007	The classical Carr-Price reaction between retinol (vitamin A) and the Lewis acid SbCl(3) in saturated chloroform solution was reinvestigated by VIS, NMR, EPR, dynamic light scattering and chemical quenching.	Vitamin A	42-49	arrestin 3	Homo sapiens	14-18
17728870-4	2007	The classical Carr-Price reaction between retinol (vitamin A) and the Lewis acid SbCl(3) in saturated chloroform solution was reinvestigated by VIS, NMR, EPR, dynamic light scattering and chemical quenching.	Vitamin A	51-60	arrestin 3	Homo sapiens	14-18
17785784-4	2007	In this study, we show that monocyte-derived DCs pretreated with the vitamin A derivative all-trans retinoic acid (RA) indeed acquired several attributes characteristic of mucosal DC: secretion of TGF-beta and IL-6 and the capacity to augment mucosal homing receptor expression and IgA responses in cocultured lymphocytes.	Vitamin A	69-78	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	210-214
17785809-0	2007	Vitamin A metabolites induce gut-homing FoxP3+ regulatory T cells.	Vitamin A	0-9	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	40-45
17785809-1	2007	In this study, we report a novel biological function of vitamin A metabolites in conversion of naive FoxP3- CD4+ T cells into a unique FoxP3+ regulatory T cell subset (termed "retinoid-induced FoxP3+ T cells") in both human and mouse T cells.	Vitamin A	56-65	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	101-106
17785809-1	2007	In this study, we report a novel biological function of vitamin A metabolites in conversion of naive FoxP3- CD4+ T cells into a unique FoxP3+ regulatory T cell subset (termed "retinoid-induced FoxP3+ T cells") in both human and mouse T cells.	Vitamin A	56-65	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	108-111
17785809-1	2007	In this study, we report a novel biological function of vitamin A metabolites in conversion of naive FoxP3- CD4+ T cells into a unique FoxP3+ regulatory T cell subset (termed "retinoid-induced FoxP3+ T cells") in both human and mouse T cells.	Vitamin A	56-65	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	135-140
17785809-1	2007	In this study, we report a novel biological function of vitamin A metabolites in conversion of naive FoxP3- CD4+ T cells into a unique FoxP3+ regulatory T cell subset (termed "retinoid-induced FoxP3+ T cells") in both human and mouse T cells.	Vitamin A	56-65	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	135-140
17785809-2	2007	We found that the major vitamin A metabolite all-trans-retinoic acid induces histone acetylation at the FoxP3 gene promoter and expression of the FoxP3 protein in CD4+ T cells.	Vitamin A	24-33	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	104-109
17785809-2	2007	We found that the major vitamin A metabolite all-trans-retinoic acid induces histone acetylation at the FoxP3 gene promoter and expression of the FoxP3 protein in CD4+ T cells.	Vitamin A	24-33	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	146-151
17785809-2	2007	We found that the major vitamin A metabolite all-trans-retinoic acid induces histone acetylation at the FoxP3 gene promoter and expression of the FoxP3 protein in CD4+ T cells.	Vitamin A	24-33	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	163-166
17673185-7	2007	Acutely, both therapeutic and excessive vitamin A doses induced a 1.8- to 2.2-fold decrease of catalase (CAT) activity, as determined through the rate of decrease of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)).	Vitamin A	40-49	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	95-103
17673185-7	2007	Acutely, both therapeutic and excessive vitamin A doses induced a 1.8- to 2.2-fold decrease of catalase (CAT) activity, as determined through the rate of decrease of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)).	Vitamin A	40-49	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
17673185-11	2007	Furthermore, our results show that vitamin A supplementation impaired the SOD/CAT ratio.	Vitamin A	35-44	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
17541012-10	2007	Both MLC1a and MLC2 were absent from hypoplastic fetal lungs during pseudoglandular stage of lung development, whereas their expression partially recovered by prenatal treatment with vitamin A.	Vitamin A	183-192	myosin light chain 2	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
17701470-1	2007	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 55 kD homotetrameric serum protein transporter of retinol binding protein charged with retinol and thyroxine (T4).	Vitamin A	75-82	transthyretin	Mus musculus	0-13
17701470-1	2007	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 55 kD homotetrameric serum protein transporter of retinol binding protein charged with retinol and thyroxine (T4).	Vitamin A	75-82	transthyretin	Mus musculus	15-18
17701470-1	2007	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 55 kD homotetrameric serum protein transporter of retinol binding protein charged with retinol and thyroxine (T4).	Vitamin A	112-119	transthyretin	Mus musculus	0-13
17701470-1	2007	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 55 kD homotetrameric serum protein transporter of retinol binding protein charged with retinol and thyroxine (T4).	Vitamin A	112-119	transthyretin	Mus musculus	15-18
17435174-0	2007	Altered vitamin A homeostasis and increased size and adiposity in the rdh1-null mouse.	Vitamin A	8-17	retinol dehydrogenase 1 (all trans)	Mus musculus	70-74
17435174-3	2007	Rdh1 inactivation by homologous recombination produces mice with decreased liver cyp26a1 mRNA and protein and increased liver and kidney retinoid stores, when fed vitamin A-restricted diets.	Vitamin A	163-172	retinol dehydrogenase 1 (all trans)	Mus musculus	0-4
17435174-5	2007	Surprisingly, rdh1-null mice grow longer than wild type, with increased weight and adiposity, when restricted in vitamin A.	Vitamin A	113-122	retinol dehydrogenase 1 (all trans)	Mus musculus	14-18
17435174-8	2007	These data reveal an unexpected contribution of Rdh1 to size and adiposity and provide the first genetic evidence of a candidate retinol dehydrogenase affecting either vitamin A-related homeostasis physiologically or vitamin A-related gene expression or biological function in vivo.	Vitamin A	168-177	retinol dehydrogenase 1 (all trans)	Mus musculus	48-52
17877499-5	2007	Retinoid is a collective term of vitamin A analog that binds to nuclear retinoid receptors;retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR).	Vitamin A	33-42	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	125-145
17877499-5	2007	Retinoid is a collective term of vitamin A analog that binds to nuclear retinoid receptors;retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR).	Vitamin A	33-42	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	147-150
17603008-5	2007	Only hGS2 and hTTS-2.2 transfer fatty acid from triglyceride to retinol, hydrolyze retinylesters, and generate 1,3-diacylglycerol from triglycerides.	Vitamin A	64-71	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 4	Homo sapiens	5-9
17620362-6	2007	This enhanced conversion by LpDCs was dependent on TGF-beta and retinoic acid (RA), which is a vitamin A metabolite highly expressed in GALT.	Vitamin A	95-104	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	51-59
17620364-2	2007	New studies support this idea by showing that the catalysis of vitamin A into retinoic acid (RA) in gut-associated dendritic cells (DCs) enhances the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta-dependent conversion of naive T cells into regulatory T (T reg) cells and also directs T reg cell homing to the gut.	Vitamin A	63-72	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	150-187
17683573-10	2007	The recombinant full-length Xenopus IRBP bound all-trans retinol and 11-cis retinaldehyde at 3 to 4 sites with Kd"s of 0.2 to 0.3 microM, and was active in protecting all-trans retinol from degradation.	Vitamin A	57-64	retinol binding protein 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	36-40
17683573-10	2007	The recombinant full-length Xenopus IRBP bound all-trans retinol and 11-cis retinaldehyde at 3 to 4 sites with Kd"s of 0.2 to 0.3 microM, and was active in protecting all-trans retinol from degradation.	Vitamin A	177-184	retinol binding protein 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	36-40
17681135-0	2007	Corneal epithelial cell fate is maintained during repair by Notch1 signaling via the regulation of vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	99-108	notch receptor 1	Homo sapiens	60-66
17681135-7	2007	Accordingly, we found that Notch1 signaling is linked to vitamin A metabolism by regulating the expression of cellular retinol binding protein 1 (CRBP1), required to generate a pool of intracellular retinol.	Vitamin A	57-66	notch receptor 1	Homo sapiens	27-33
17681135-7	2007	Accordingly, we found that Notch1 signaling is linked to vitamin A metabolism by regulating the expression of cellular retinol binding protein 1 (CRBP1), required to generate a pool of intracellular retinol.	Vitamin A	57-66	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	110-144
17681135-7	2007	Accordingly, we found that Notch1 signaling is linked to vitamin A metabolism by regulating the expression of cellular retinol binding protein 1 (CRBP1), required to generate a pool of intracellular retinol.	Vitamin A	57-66	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	146-151
17681135-7	2007	Accordingly, we found that Notch1 signaling is linked to vitamin A metabolism by regulating the expression of cellular retinol binding protein 1 (CRBP1), required to generate a pool of intracellular retinol.	Vitamin A	119-126	notch receptor 1	Homo sapiens	27-33
17681135-7	2007	Accordingly, we found that Notch1 signaling is linked to vitamin A metabolism by regulating the expression of cellular retinol binding protein 1 (CRBP1), required to generate a pool of intracellular retinol.	Vitamin A	119-126	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	146-151
17525477-8	2007	Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence of both apoM variants revealed that retinol, all-trans-retinoic acid, and 9-cis-retinoic acid bound (dissociation constant = 2-3 microM), whereas other tested substances (e.g., cholesterol, vitamin K, and arachidonic acid) did not.	Vitamin A	70-77	apolipoprotein M	Homo sapiens	42-46
17525477-9	2007	The intrinsic fluorescence of two apoM mutants carrying single tryptophans was quenched by retinol and retinoic acid to the same extent as wild-type apoM, indicating that the environment of both tryptophans was affected by the binding.	Vitamin A	91-98	apolipoprotein M	Homo sapiens	34-38
17525477-10	2007	In conclusion, the binding of retinol and retinoic acid supports the hypothesis that apoM is a lipocalin.	Vitamin A	30-37	apolipoprotein M	Homo sapiens	85-89
17867372-1	2007	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the transport protein that carries retinol in the circulation from the liver to its target tissues.	Vitamin A	68-75	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
17867372-1	2007	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the transport protein that carries retinol in the circulation from the liver to its target tissues.	Vitamin A	68-75	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
17867372-2	2007	The existence of a cell-surface receptor on the target cells, which mediates the uptake of retinol from RBP, has been known since 1975.	Vitamin A	91-98	CD177 molecule	Homo sapiens	19-40
17867372-2	2007	The existence of a cell-surface receptor on the target cells, which mediates the uptake of retinol from RBP, has been known since 1975.	Vitamin A	91-98	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	104-107
17867372-4	2007	The receptor was found to be highly specific for RBP, with high affinity, and to be localized in all tissues known to require retinol for their function, particularly the pigment epithelium of the eye.	Vitamin A	126-133	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	49-52
17230501-3	2007	Since PTGDS is also a carrier for lipophilic molecules such as retinoids and thyroid hormones, altered PTGDS levels might influence both PGD2-mediated signaling, and vitamin A and thyroid hormone availability.	Vitamin A	166-175	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	6-11
17230501-3	2007	Since PTGDS is also a carrier for lipophilic molecules such as retinoids and thyroid hormones, altered PTGDS levels might influence both PGD2-mediated signaling, and vitamin A and thyroid hormone availability.	Vitamin A	166-175	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	103-108
17827667-1	2007	The expression of the cytoglobin/stellate cell activation-associated protein (Cygb/STAP) was recently confirmed in all splanchnic vitamin A-storing cells--including hepatic stellate cells (HSCs)--in normal conditions.	Vitamin A	130-139	cytoglobin	Mus musculus	78-82
17827667-1	2007	The expression of the cytoglobin/stellate cell activation-associated protein (Cygb/STAP) was recently confirmed in all splanchnic vitamin A-storing cells--including hepatic stellate cells (HSCs)--in normal conditions.	Vitamin A	130-139	polyamine modulated factor 1 binding protein 1	Mus musculus	83-87
17827667-4	2007	In this study, we clarify the contribution of vitamin A-storing cells to renal fibrosis by focusing on Cygb/ STAP.	Vitamin A	46-55	cytoglobin	Mus musculus	103-107
17827667-4	2007	In this study, we clarify the contribution of vitamin A-storing cells to renal fibrosis by focusing on Cygb/ STAP.	Vitamin A	46-55	polyamine modulated factor 1 binding protein 1	Mus musculus	109-113
17827667-10	2007	Our present findings support the concept that Cygb/STAP can be a unique marker for splanchnic fibroblast-like cells, namely the vitamin A-storing cell lineage, and suggest that splanchnic vitamin A-storing cells contribute to renal fibrogenesis in the obstructed kidney.	Vitamin A	128-137	cytoglobin	Mus musculus	46-50
17827667-10	2007	Our present findings support the concept that Cygb/STAP can be a unique marker for splanchnic fibroblast-like cells, namely the vitamin A-storing cell lineage, and suggest that splanchnic vitamin A-storing cells contribute to renal fibrogenesis in the obstructed kidney.	Vitamin A	128-137	polyamine modulated factor 1 binding protein 1	Mus musculus	51-55
19262136-4	2007	A vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), was recently identified as a key modulator of TGFbeta-driven- immune deviation capable of suppressing T(H)17 differentiation while promoting Foxp3(+)Treg generation.	Vitamin A	2-11	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	90-97
19262136-4	2007	A vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), was recently identified as a key modulator of TGFbeta-driven- immune deviation capable of suppressing T(H)17 differentiation while promoting Foxp3(+)Treg generation.	Vitamin A	2-11	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	185-190
18591985-7	2007	The decrease in TNF-alpha expressing NK cells observed in vitamin A deficient individuals in this study could help to explain the decreased resistance to infections observed in those with vitamin A deficiency.	Vitamin A	58-67	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	16-25
17914928-8	2008	CYP1B1 protein is involved in the metabolism of steroids, retinol and retinal, arachidonate, and melatonin.	Vitamin A	58-65	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
17954498-10	2007	DBS stored under field conditions remained stable for 2-6 weeks, as demonstrated by good correlation with serum retinol, a result that suggests that RBP in DBS will have good sensitivity and specificity for predicting VA deficiency.	Vitamin A	112-119	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	149-152
17890117-1	2007	Vitamin A is derived from provitamin A carotenoids, mainly beta-carotene, by beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCMO1; EC 1.13.11.21).	Vitamin A	0-9	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	113-118
17425679-6	2007	Although retinol (a metabolic product by AKR1B10) was observed in the normal epithelium, the molecule was not observed in cancer cells of AKR1B10-positive CC samples suggesting that the recurrence in CC may not depend on the convert of retinals into retinols via AKR1B10, a potential indicator in the management of patients with CC.	Vitamin A	9-16	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens	41-48
17726077-11	2007	Plasma RBP and PCI were not significantly related to M. RBP was positively correlated with uric acid (r = 0.488, P = 0.003), triglycerides (r = 0.592, P < 0.001), prealbumin (r = 0.63, P < 0.0001), and vitamin A (r = 0.75, P < 10(-6)).	Vitamin A	208-217	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	56-59
17919238-6	2007	Proliferator-activated receptorgamma and Pex16 transcripts were increased either by retinol or indomethacin.	Vitamin A	84-91	peroxisomal biogenesis factor 16	Mus musculus	41-46
17451418-0	2007	Suppression of ES cell differentiation by retinol (vitamin A) via the overexpression of Nanog.	Vitamin A	51-60	Nanog homeobox	Homo sapiens	88-93
17451418-6	2007	In this report we demonstrate that retinol, the alcohol form of Vitamin A, can suppress the differentiation of ESCs by up-regulating the expression of Nanog.	Vitamin A	35-42	Nanog homeobox	Homo sapiens	151-156
17451418-6	2007	In this report we demonstrate that retinol, the alcohol form of Vitamin A, can suppress the differentiation of ESCs by up-regulating the expression of Nanog.	Vitamin A	64-73	Nanog homeobox	Homo sapiens	151-156
17451418-8	2007	The activation of Nanog by retinol is not mediated via retinoic acid signaling and appears to be independent of previously described LIF/Stat3, bone morphogenic proteins, Wnt/beta-catenin, and Oct3/4-Sox2 pathways.	Vitamin A	27-34	Nanog homeobox	Homo sapiens	18-23
17698379-1	2007	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma and cerebrospinal fluid carrier for thyroxine and retinol, described also to sequester the amyloid beta peptide.	Vitamin A	82-89	transthyretin	Mus musculus	0-13
17698379-1	2007	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma and cerebrospinal fluid carrier for thyroxine and retinol, described also to sequester the amyloid beta peptide.	Vitamin A	82-89	transthyretin	Mus musculus	15-18
17854093-7	2007	VA/retinyl palmitate supplementation during lactation and after weaning decreased CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and B220+ populations in splenic lymphocytes but also significantly enhanced IL-4 production and OVA-specific IgE after sensitisation.	Vitamin A	0-2	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	176-180
17847715-3	2007	Here, we show that buttermilk xanthine oxidase was capable to oxidizing all-trans-retinol (t-ROL) to all-trans-retinaldehyde (t-RAL) that was successively oxidized to all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA).	Vitamin A	72-89	RAS like proto-oncogene A	Homo sapiens	128-131
17847715-3	2007	Here, we show that buttermilk xanthine oxidase was capable to oxidizing all-trans-retinol (t-ROL) to all-trans-retinaldehyde (t-RAL) that was successively oxidized to all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA).	Vitamin A	91-96	RAS like proto-oncogene A	Homo sapiens	128-131
17321224-5	2007	The muscarinic receptor-2 (M2R) selective antagonist AFDX-116 enhanced the effect of capsaicin in vitamin A sufficient (VAS) but not VAD rats and retinoic acid-administration partially restored this enhancement.	Vitamin A	98-107	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
17569825-4	2007	We identified the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid as a key regulator of TGF-beta-dependent immune responses, capable of inhibiting the IL-6-driven induction of proinflammatory T(H)17 cells and promoting anti-inflammatory Treg cell differentiation.	Vitamin A	18-27	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	75-83
17569825-4	2007	We identified the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid as a key regulator of TGF-beta-dependent immune responses, capable of inhibiting the IL-6-driven induction of proinflammatory T(H)17 cells and promoting anti-inflammatory Treg cell differentiation.	Vitamin A	18-27	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	138-142
17400914-5	2007	PYY Y1 receptor antagonist prevented the occurrence of NTD induced not only by PYY but also by vitamin A, a well-known teratogen in humans and animals.	Vitamin A	95-104	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	0-3
17611908-2	2007	This effect might be related to transthyretin ligands (retinol and thyroxine) since, through binding to nuclear receptors, they modulate the expression of genes that control cellular metabolism.	Vitamin A	55-62	transthyretin	Mus musculus	32-45
17525222-0	2007	All-trans-retinol generated by rhodopsin photobleaching induces rapid recruitment of TIP47 to lipid droplets in the retinal pigment epithelium.	Vitamin A	0-17	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	31-40
17525222-0	2007	All-trans-retinol generated by rhodopsin photobleaching induces rapid recruitment of TIP47 to lipid droplets in the retinal pigment epithelium.	Vitamin A	0-17	perilipin 3	Homo sapiens	85-90
17525222-12	2007	CONCLUSIONS: All-trans-retinol generated by photobleaching in the retina induces rapid translocation of TIP47 to LDs in the RPE.	Vitamin A	17-30	perilipin 3	Homo sapiens	104-109
17646742-12	2007	Rhodopsin, necessary to the survival of the cell, cannot be renewed if retinol is not present, which causes a permanent bright light stimulation that is lethal for the photoreceptor.	Vitamin A	71-78	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	0-9
17512397-1	2007	Retinoic acid-the active metabolite of vitamin A-influences biological processes by activating the retinoic acid receptor (RAR).	Vitamin A	39-48	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	99-121
17499973-3	2007	It has been suggested that vitamin A (VA) and its physiologic active metabolite retinoic acid influence longitudinal growth by promoting the differentiation of pituitary cells toward GH-secreting cells and by stimulating secretion of GH.	Vitamin A	27-36	growth hormone	Mus musculus	183-185
17499973-3	2007	It has been suggested that vitamin A (VA) and its physiologic active metabolite retinoic acid influence longitudinal growth by promoting the differentiation of pituitary cells toward GH-secreting cells and by stimulating secretion of GH.	Vitamin A	27-36	growth hormone	Mus musculus	234-236
17499973-3	2007	It has been suggested that vitamin A (VA) and its physiologic active metabolite retinoic acid influence longitudinal growth by promoting the differentiation of pituitary cells toward GH-secreting cells and by stimulating secretion of GH.	Vitamin A	38-40	growth hormone	Mus musculus	183-185
17499973-3	2007	It has been suggested that vitamin A (VA) and its physiologic active metabolite retinoic acid influence longitudinal growth by promoting the differentiation of pituitary cells toward GH-secreting cells and by stimulating secretion of GH.	Vitamin A	38-40	growth hormone	Mus musculus	234-236
17512397-1	2007	Retinoic acid-the active metabolite of vitamin A-influences biological processes by activating the retinoic acid receptor (RAR).	Vitamin A	39-48	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	123-126
17473173-7	2007	Using protein modeling, enzymatic assays, and mutant embryos, we determined that RDH10(trex) mutant protein lacks the ability to oxidize retinol to retinal, resulting in insufficient RA signaling.	Vitamin A	137-144	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	81-86
17473173-8	2007	Thus, we show that the first oxidative step of Vitamin A metabolism, which is catalyzed in large part by the retinol dehydrogenase RDH10, is critical for the spatiotemporal synthesis of RA.	Vitamin A	47-56	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	131-136
17289162-6	2007	Mitogen stimulation also increased Tg rat HIV env, tat, and nef mRNA expression with even higher env and nef mRNA produced in association with the vitamin A deficient diet.	Vitamin A	147-156	Nef	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	105-108
17303798-13	2007	TO and vitamin A restored FGF18 and elastin expression in sheep and rats, respectively.	Vitamin A	7-16	fibroblast growth factor 18	Ovis aries	26-31
17303798-13	2007	TO and vitamin A restored FGF18 and elastin expression in sheep and rats, respectively.	Vitamin A	7-16	elastin	Ovis aries	36-43
17303798-16	2007	Simultaneous correction of FGF18 and elastin defects by TO and vitamin A suggests that defective elastogenesis may result, at least partly, from FGF18 deficiency.	Vitamin A	63-72	elastin	Homo sapiens	37-44
17344064-0	2007	Cellular sites of Drosophila NinaB and NinaD activity in vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	57-66	neither inactivation nor afterpotential B	Drosophila melanogaster	29-34
17344064-0	2007	Cellular sites of Drosophila NinaB and NinaD activity in vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	57-66	neither inactivation nor afterpotential D	Drosophila melanogaster	39-44
16698124-1	2007	Transthyretin (TTR), a carrier protein for thyroxine and retinol in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), has been shown to bind the amyloid beta peptide.	Vitamin A	57-64	transthyretin	Mus musculus	0-13
16698124-1	2007	Transthyretin (TTR), a carrier protein for thyroxine and retinol in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), has been shown to bind the amyloid beta peptide.	Vitamin A	57-64	transthyretin	Mus musculus	15-18
17203325-2	2007	Within the cell, retinol can either be oxidized to retinal or esterified to retinyl esters by lecithin : retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) for storage.	Vitamin A	17-24	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	94-128
17452532-5	2007	We demonstrate that SANTA MARIA functions upstream of vitamin A formation in neurons and glia, which are outside of the retina.	Vitamin A	54-63	scavenger receptor acting in neural tissue and majority of rhodopsin is absent	Drosophila melanogaster	20-31
18364675-2	2007	These isoenzymes of ADH participate in the metabolism of many biological substances, such as retinol or serotonin.	Vitamin A	93-100	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	20-23
17184834-0	2007	Retinol and retinoic acid bind human serum albumin: stability and structural features.	Vitamin A	0-7	albumin	Homo sapiens	37-50
17184834-4	2007	The aim of present study was to examine the interaction of retinol and retinoic acid with human serum albumin in aqueous solution at physiological conditions using constant protein concentration and various retinoid contents.	Vitamin A	59-66	albumin	Homo sapiens	96-109
17270348-10	2007	Expression of rdh1, a gene that encodes an efficient retinol dehydrogenase, decreased 3- to 8-fold in rdh9-null mice, depending on dietary vitamin A.	Vitamin A	139-148	retinol dehydrogenase 1 (all trans)	Mus musculus	14-18
17329364-5	2007	We present in vitro biochemical data demonstrating that this enzyme can generate both all-trans-retinal (t-RAL) and all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) from the precursor all-trans-retinol (t-ROH), but unlike the CYP26s, CYP1B1 cannot degrade t-RA.	Vitamin A	169-183	RAS like proto-oncogene A	Homo sapiens	107-110
17329364-5	2007	We present in vitro biochemical data demonstrating that this enzyme can generate both all-trans-retinal (t-RAL) and all-trans-retinoic acid (t-RA) from the precursor all-trans-retinol (t-ROH), but unlike the CYP26s, CYP1B1 cannot degrade t-RA.	Vitamin A	169-183	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	216-222
17392484-3	2007	Here we show that all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, rapidly (1 hr after treatment) increases CD1d mRNA in human and rodent monocytic cells at a physiologic dose (10 nM).	Vitamin A	73-82	CD1d molecule	Homo sapiens	125-129
17244623-0	2007	Epstein-Barr virus lytic infection induces retinoic acid-responsive genes through induction of a retinol-metabolizing enzyme, DHRS9.	Vitamin A	97-104	dehydrogenase/reductase 9	Homo sapiens	126-131
17244623-3	2007	The conversion of retinol into its active form, retinoic acid, requires retinol dehydrogenase enzymes.	Vitamin A	18-25	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	72-93
17244623-4	2007	Here we show that AGS gastric carcinoma cells containing the lytic form of EBV infection have enhanced expression of a gene (DHRS9) encoding an enzyme that mediates conversion of retinol into RA.	Vitamin A	179-186	dehydrogenase/reductase 9	Homo sapiens	125-130
17244623-7	2007	Furthermore, BZLF1 expression in AGS cells is sufficient to activate DHRS9 gene expression and increases the ability of retinol to induce the RA-responsive gene, CYP26A1.	Vitamin A	120-127	protein Zta	Human gammaherpesvirus 4	13-18
17244623-7	2007	Furthermore, BZLF1 expression in AGS cells is sufficient to activate DHRS9 gene expression and increases the ability of retinol to induce the RA-responsive gene, CYP26A1.	Vitamin A	120-127	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	162-169
17465256-4	2007	RESULTS: Patients with methylation in p16(INK4a) consumed significantly less folate (p = 0.01), vitamin A (p = 0.01), vitamin B1 (p = 0.007), potassium (p = 0.03) and iron (p = 0.02) than controls.	Vitamin A	96-105	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	38-41
17465256-4	2007	RESULTS: Patients with methylation in p16(INK4a) consumed significantly less folate (p = 0.01), vitamin A (p = 0.01), vitamin B1 (p = 0.007), potassium (p = 0.03) and iron (p = 0.02) than controls.	Vitamin A	96-105	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	42-47
17465256-5	2007	Patients with methylation in p14(ARF) or hMLH1 consumed significantly less vitamin A (p = 0.001 and p = 0.05, respectively).	Vitamin A	75-84	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A	Homo sapiens	29-32
17465256-5	2007	Patients with methylation in p14(ARF) or hMLH1 consumed significantly less vitamin A (p = 0.001 and p = 0.05, respectively).	Vitamin A	75-84	solute carrier family 10 member 4	Homo sapiens	33-36
17465256-5	2007	Patients with methylation in p14(ARF) or hMLH1 consumed significantly less vitamin A (p = 0.001 and p = 0.05, respectively).	Vitamin A	75-84	mutL homolog 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
17339024-1	2007	How retinol (vitamin A) is taken up by cells has been an area of active research since the first report of a cell-surface receptor for retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the mid-1970s.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	135-158
17339024-1	2007	How retinol (vitamin A) is taken up by cells has been an area of active research since the first report of a cell-surface receptor for retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the mid-1970s.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	160-163
17339024-1	2007	How retinol (vitamin A) is taken up by cells has been an area of active research since the first report of a cell-surface receptor for retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the mid-1970s.	Vitamin A	13-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	135-158
17339024-1	2007	How retinol (vitamin A) is taken up by cells has been an area of active research since the first report of a cell-surface receptor for retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the mid-1970s.	Vitamin A	13-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	160-163
17447159-4	2007	Therefore, we assumed that retinol supplementation may effect postprandial fat uptake differently in men with FABP2 promoter haplotype A and B.	Vitamin A	27-34	fatty acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	110-115
17289162-5	2007	Phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T cells from WT rats on the vitamin A diet and from Tg rats on either diet were more likely to either produce increased percentages of T cells expressing intracytoplasmic IFN-gamma, secrete higher levels of TNF-alpha, and express higher levels of MOR mRNA and surface MOR.	Vitamin A	58-67	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	201-210
17219422-0	2007	Retinol decreases beta-catenin protein levels in retinoic acid-resistant colon cancer cell lines.	Vitamin A	0-7	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	18-30
17219422-2	2007	This study examines the effect of retinol on beta-catenin protein levels in three all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-resistant human colon cancer cell lines: HCT-116, WiDr, and SW620.	Vitamin A	34-41	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	45-57
17219422-3	2007	Each cell line was treated with increasing concentrations of retinol for 24 or 48 h. Retinol reduced beta-catenin protein levels and increased ubiquitinated beta-catenin in all cell lines.	Vitamin A	61-68	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	101-113
17219422-3	2007	Each cell line was treated with increasing concentrations of retinol for 24 or 48 h. Retinol reduced beta-catenin protein levels and increased ubiquitinated beta-catenin in all cell lines.	Vitamin A	61-68	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	157-169
17219422-3	2007	Each cell line was treated with increasing concentrations of retinol for 24 or 48 h. Retinol reduced beta-catenin protein levels and increased ubiquitinated beta-catenin in all cell lines.	Vitamin A	85-92	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	101-113
17219422-3	2007	Each cell line was treated with increasing concentrations of retinol for 24 or 48 h. Retinol reduced beta-catenin protein levels and increased ubiquitinated beta-catenin in all cell lines.	Vitamin A	85-92	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	157-169
17219422-4	2007	Treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 blocked the retinol-induced decrease in beta-catenin indicating retinol decreases beta-catenin by increasing proteasomal degradation.	Vitamin A	59-66	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	87-99
17219422-4	2007	Treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 blocked the retinol-induced decrease in beta-catenin indicating retinol decreases beta-catenin by increasing proteasomal degradation.	Vitamin A	59-66	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	129-141
17219422-4	2007	Treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 blocked the retinol-induced decrease in beta-catenin indicating retinol decreases beta-catenin by increasing proteasomal degradation.	Vitamin A	111-118	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	87-99
17219422-4	2007	Treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor MG132 blocked the retinol-induced decrease in beta-catenin indicating retinol decreases beta-catenin by increasing proteasomal degradation.	Vitamin A	111-118	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	129-141
17219422-8	2007	The RXR pan-antagonist and RXRalpha siRNA reduced the ability of retinol to decrease beta-catenin protein levels.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-7
17219422-8	2007	The RXR pan-antagonist and RXRalpha siRNA reduced the ability of retinol to decrease beta-catenin protein levels.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	27-35
17219422-8	2007	The RXR pan-antagonist and RXRalpha siRNA reduced the ability of retinol to decrease beta-catenin protein levels.	Vitamin A	65-72	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	85-97
17219422-10	2007	Retinol treatment decreased the transcription of a TOPFlash reporter construct and mRNA levels of the endogenous beta-catenin target genes, cyclin D1 and c-myc.	Vitamin A	0-7	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	113-125
17219422-10	2007	Retinol treatment decreased the transcription of a TOPFlash reporter construct and mRNA levels of the endogenous beta-catenin target genes, cyclin D1 and c-myc.	Vitamin A	0-7	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	140-149
17219422-10	2007	Retinol treatment decreased the transcription of a TOPFlash reporter construct and mRNA levels of the endogenous beta-catenin target genes, cyclin D1 and c-myc.	Vitamin A	0-7	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	154-159
17219422-11	2007	These results indicate that retinol may reduce colon cancer cell growth by increasing the proteasomal degradation of beta-catenin via a mechanism potentially involving RXR.	Vitamin A	28-35	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	117-129
17219422-11	2007	These results indicate that retinol may reduce colon cancer cell growth by increasing the proteasomal degradation of beta-catenin via a mechanism potentially involving RXR.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	168-171
16713227-6	2007	PPARalpha binding to the upstream retinoic acid response element is decreased in the vitamin A-deficient liver, when compared to the vitamin A-sufficient state.	Vitamin A	85-94	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	0-9
17435349-8	2007	These light-sensitive retinal ganglion cells contain melanopsin, a vitamin A photopigment that mediates the cellular phototransduction cascade.	Vitamin A	67-76	opsin 4	Homo sapiens	53-63
17253779-6	2007	Unlike mouse RetSat (mRetSat), zRetSat A had an altered bond specificity saturating either the 13-14 or 7-8 double bonds of all-trans-retinol to produce either all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol or all-trans-7,8-dihydroretinol, respectively.	Vitamin A	124-141	retinol saturase, tandem duplicate 2	Danio rerio	31-40
17253779-7	2007	zRetSat A also saturated the 13-14 or 7-8 double bonds of all-trans-3,4-didehydroretinol (vitamin A2), a second endogenous form of vitamin A in zebrafish.	Vitamin A	90-99	retinol saturase, tandem duplicate 2	Danio rerio	0-9
17253779-10	2007	Exogenous all-trans-retinol, all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol, or all-trans-7,8-dihydroretinol led to the strong induction of the expression of the retinoic acid-metabolizing enzyme, Cyp26A1, arguing for an active signaling function of dihydroretinoid metabolites in zebrafish.	Vitamin A	10-27	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily A, polypeptide 1	Danio rerio	181-188
17255476-0	2007	A membrane receptor for retinol binding protein mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	76-85	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	24-47
17255476-2	2007	It is transported in the blood as a complex with retinol binding protein (RBP), but the molecular mechanism by which vitamin A is absorbed by cells from the vitamin A-RBP complex is not clearly understood.	Vitamin A	117-126	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	49-72
17255476-2	2007	It is transported in the blood as a complex with retinol binding protein (RBP), but the molecular mechanism by which vitamin A is absorbed by cells from the vitamin A-RBP complex is not clearly understood.	Vitamin A	117-126	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	74-77
17255476-2	2007	It is transported in the blood as a complex with retinol binding protein (RBP), but the molecular mechanism by which vitamin A is absorbed by cells from the vitamin A-RBP complex is not clearly understood.	Vitamin A	117-126	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	167-170
17255476-2	2007	It is transported in the blood as a complex with retinol binding protein (RBP), but the molecular mechanism by which vitamin A is absorbed by cells from the vitamin A-RBP complex is not clearly understood.	Vitamin A	157-166	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	74-77
17255476-2	2007	It is transported in the blood as a complex with retinol binding protein (RBP), but the molecular mechanism by which vitamin A is absorbed by cells from the vitamin A-RBP complex is not clearly understood.	Vitamin A	157-166	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	167-170
17255476-4	2007	STRA6 binds to RBP with high affinity and has robust vitamin A uptake activity from the vitamin A-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	53-62	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Bos taurus	0-5
17255476-4	2007	STRA6 binds to RBP with high affinity and has robust vitamin A uptake activity from the vitamin A-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	53-62	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	98-101
17255476-4	2007	STRA6 binds to RBP with high affinity and has robust vitamin A uptake activity from the vitamin A-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	88-97	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Bos taurus	0-5
17255476-4	2007	STRA6 binds to RBP with high affinity and has robust vitamin A uptake activity from the vitamin A-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	88-97	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	98-101
17255476-6	2007	The RBP receptor represents a major physiological mediator of cellular vitamin A uptake.	Vitamin A	71-80	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	4-7
17279314-0	2007	Alcohol dehydrogenase 2 is a major hepatic enzyme for human retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	60-67	alcohol dehydrogenase 5 (class III), chi polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
17250818-0	2007	Serum retinol binding protein 4 levels are associated with serum adiponectin levels in non-diabetic, non-obese subjects with hypercholesterolemia.	Vitamin A	6-13	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	65-76
17169566-0	2007	Vitamin A potently destabilizes preformed alpha-synuclein fibrils in vitro: implications for Lewy body diseases.	Vitamin A	0-9	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	42-57
17299104-6	2007	RESULTS: At the end, obese rats receiving normal levels of vitamin A diet showed high serum HDL-C and lower hepatic SR-BI expression levels compared with lean counterparts.	Vitamin A	59-68	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-121
17299104-7	2007	Furthermore, chronic dietary vitamin A supplementation resulted in overexpression of hepatic SR-BI receptors (protein and gene) with concomitant reduction in serum HDL-C levels in obese rats.	Vitamin A	29-38	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
17299104-8	2007	DISCUSSION: Thus, our observations highlight the role of vitamin A in reverse cholesterol transport through up-regulation of hepatic SR-BI receptors and, thereby, HDL-C homeostasis in obese rats of WNIN/Ob strain.	Vitamin A	57-66	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-138
17114808-2	2007	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), the main enzyme responsible for retinyl ester formation, acts by transferring an acyl group from the sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine to retinol.	Vitamin A	9-16	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
17114808-8	2007	We present experimental evidence of the topology and subcellular localization of LRAT, a critical enzyme in vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	108-117	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	81-85
17098734-5	2007	Thus, we provide evidence that a balanced competition between Lratb and Raldh2 for yolk vitamin A defines embryonic compartments either for retinyl ester or retinoic acid synthesis.	Vitamin A	88-97	lecithin retinol acyltransferase b, tandem duplicate 1	Danio rerio	62-67
17098734-5	2007	Thus, we provide evidence that a balanced competition between Lratb and Raldh2 for yolk vitamin A defines embryonic compartments either for retinyl ester or retinoic acid synthesis.	Vitamin A	88-97	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2	Danio rerio	72-78
17468076-9	2007	Marginal plasma retinol concentrations were associated with high concentrations of IL-6 after LPS stimulation.	Vitamin A	16-23	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	83-87
17202653-4	2007	In addition, minoxidil plus retinol more effectively elevated phosphorylated Erk, phosphorylated Akt levels, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio than minoxidil alone in DPCs and HaCaT.	Vitamin A	28-35	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	77-80
17202653-4	2007	In addition, minoxidil plus retinol more effectively elevated phosphorylated Erk, phosphorylated Akt levels, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio than minoxidil alone in DPCs and HaCaT.	Vitamin A	28-35	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	97-100
17202653-4	2007	In addition, minoxidil plus retinol more effectively elevated phosphorylated Erk, phosphorylated Akt levels, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio than minoxidil alone in DPCs and HaCaT.	Vitamin A	28-35	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	117-122
17202653-4	2007	In addition, minoxidil plus retinol more effectively elevated phosphorylated Erk, phosphorylated Akt levels, and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio than minoxidil alone in DPCs and HaCaT.	Vitamin A	28-35	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	123-126
17217571-0	2007	Evaluation of the effectiveness of the national vitamin A supplementation programme among school children in Sri Lanka.	Vitamin A	48-57	sorcin	Homo sapiens	109-112
17217571-1	2007	The Ministry of Health in Sri Lanka commenced a vitamin A supplementation programme of school children with a megadose of 105 micromol (100,000 IU) vitamin A in school years 1, 4 and 7 (approximately 5-, 9- and 12-year-olds, respectively) in 2001.	Vitamin A	48-57	sorcin	Homo sapiens	26-29
17217571-2	2007	We evaluated the vitamin A supplementation programme of school children in a rural area of Sri Lanka.	Vitamin A	17-26	sorcin	Homo sapiens	91-94
17197514-9	2007	However, all-trans retinol, which is the product of action by the enzyme retinol dehydrogenase on all-trans retinal, was not toxic.	Vitamin A	19-26	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	73-94
17279314-7	2007	The K(m) values of human ADH2 are the lowest among all known human retinol dehydrogenases, which clearly support a role in hepatic retinol oxidation at physiological concentrations.	Vitamin A	67-74	alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide	Homo sapiens	25-29
17215185-0	2007	Impact of vitamin A supplementation on health status and absenteeism of school children in Sri Lanka.	Vitamin A	10-19	sorcin	Homo sapiens	91-94
17202653-5	2007	We found that the significant hair shaft elongation demonstrated after minoxidil plus retinol treatment would depend on the dual kinetics associated with the activations of Erk- and Akt-dependent pathways and the prevention of apoptosis by increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.	Vitamin A	86-93	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	173-176
17202653-5	2007	We found that the significant hair shaft elongation demonstrated after minoxidil plus retinol treatment would depend on the dual kinetics associated with the activations of Erk- and Akt-dependent pathways and the prevention of apoptosis by increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.	Vitamin A	86-93	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	182-185
17202653-5	2007	We found that the significant hair shaft elongation demonstrated after minoxidil plus retinol treatment would depend on the dual kinetics associated with the activations of Erk- and Akt-dependent pathways and the prevention of apoptosis by increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.	Vitamin A	86-93	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	255-260
17202653-5	2007	We found that the significant hair shaft elongation demonstrated after minoxidil plus retinol treatment would depend on the dual kinetics associated with the activations of Erk- and Akt-dependent pathways and the prevention of apoptosis by increasing the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.	Vitamin A	86-93	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	261-264
17239632-1	2007	Here we identified Ito cells (hepatic stellate cells, HSC), known for storage of vitamin A and participation in hepatic fibrosis, as professional liver-resident antigen-presenting cells (APC).	Vitamin A	81-90	fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group)	Homo sapiens	54-57
17203959-6	2007	The low serum concentrations of DBP, RBP, and TTR resulted in the up-regulation of 25(OH)D3, vitamin A, and FT4 (ligands of DBP, RBP, and TTR) after acute PE in rat models.	Vitamin A	93-102	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
17203959-6	2007	The low serum concentrations of DBP, RBP, and TTR resulted in the up-regulation of 25(OH)D3, vitamin A, and FT4 (ligands of DBP, RBP, and TTR) after acute PE in rat models.	Vitamin A	93-102	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
17203959-6	2007	The low serum concentrations of DBP, RBP, and TTR resulted in the up-regulation of 25(OH)D3, vitamin A, and FT4 (ligands of DBP, RBP, and TTR) after acute PE in rat models.	Vitamin A	93-102	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
17203959-6	2007	The low serum concentrations of DBP, RBP, and TTR resulted in the up-regulation of 25(OH)D3, vitamin A, and FT4 (ligands of DBP, RBP, and TTR) after acute PE in rat models.	Vitamin A	93-102	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
17203959-6	2007	The low serum concentrations of DBP, RBP, and TTR resulted in the up-regulation of 25(OH)D3, vitamin A, and FT4 (ligands of DBP, RBP, and TTR) after acute PE in rat models.	Vitamin A	93-102	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
17203959-6	2007	The low serum concentrations of DBP, RBP, and TTR resulted in the up-regulation of 25(OH)D3, vitamin A, and FT4 (ligands of DBP, RBP, and TTR) after acute PE in rat models.	Vitamin A	93-102	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
17203960-5	2007	Besides the implementation of the previously published AF proteomic maps, our results show that transthyretin (TTR), the protein responsible for transporting both the thyroid hormone tyroxine and the retinol binding protein, is present in the AF of both preeclamptic and control women as a mixture of dimeric and post-translationally modified monomeric forms.	Vitamin A	200-207	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	96-109
17203960-5	2007	Besides the implementation of the previously published AF proteomic maps, our results show that transthyretin (TTR), the protein responsible for transporting both the thyroid hormone tyroxine and the retinol binding protein, is present in the AF of both preeclamptic and control women as a mixture of dimeric and post-translationally modified monomeric forms.	Vitamin A	200-207	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	111-114
17516864-1	2007	Retinol inhibits the growth of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-resistant human colon cancer cell lines through a retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-independent mechanism.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	112-134
17377406-4	2007	The aim of the study was to compare the in vitro effect of vitamin A on the production of pro-inflammatory (IL-1beta and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) and IL-10) cytokines, as well as IL-2 and IFNgamma by cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) of preterm newborns to that of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from adults.	Vitamin A	59-68	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	108-116
17377406-4	2007	The aim of the study was to compare the in vitro effect of vitamin A on the production of pro-inflammatory (IL-1beta and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) and IL-10) cytokines, as well as IL-2 and IFNgamma by cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) of preterm newborns to that of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from adults.	Vitamin A	59-68	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	121-125
17377406-4	2007	The aim of the study was to compare the in vitro effect of vitamin A on the production of pro-inflammatory (IL-1beta and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) and IL-10) cytokines, as well as IL-2 and IFNgamma by cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) of preterm newborns to that of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from adults.	Vitamin A	59-68	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	150-174
17377406-4	2007	The aim of the study was to compare the in vitro effect of vitamin A on the production of pro-inflammatory (IL-1beta and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) and IL-10) cytokines, as well as IL-2 and IFNgamma by cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) of preterm newborns to that of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from adults.	Vitamin A	59-68	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	213-217
17377406-4	2007	The aim of the study was to compare the in vitro effect of vitamin A on the production of pro-inflammatory (IL-1beta and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonist (ra) and IL-10) cytokines, as well as IL-2 and IFNgamma by cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMC) of preterm newborns to that of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from adults.	Vitamin A	59-68	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	222-230
17377406-7	2007	RESULTS: Vitamin A exerted an in vitro inhibitory effect on the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1ra by MC of preterm newborns and adults, but did not affect the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6 and IFNgamma.	Vitamin A	9-18	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	109-115
17377406-7	2007	RESULTS: Vitamin A exerted an in vitro inhibitory effect on the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1ra by MC of preterm newborns and adults, but did not affect the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6 and IFNgamma.	Vitamin A	9-18	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	221-229
17377406-7	2007	RESULTS: Vitamin A exerted an in vitro inhibitory effect on the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1ra by MC of preterm newborns and adults, but did not affect the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6 and IFNgamma.	Vitamin A	9-18	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	231-235
17377406-7	2007	RESULTS: Vitamin A exerted an in vitro inhibitory effect on the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-1ra by MC of preterm newborns and adults, but did not affect the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6 and IFNgamma.	Vitamin A	9-18	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	240-248
17377406-8	2007	Vitamin A caused inhibition of IL-10 secretion by cells from adults, but it did not significantly affect this function in cells from newborns except when high unphysiological doses were applied.	Vitamin A	0-9	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	31-36
17377406-9	2007	In addition vitamin A stimulated the secretion of IL-2 by cells isolated from adults but had no effect on those derived from premature neonates.	Vitamin A	12-21	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	50-54
17377406-10	2007	CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that vitamin A may affect the immune function of premature infants via inhibition of IL-1ra secretion.	Vitamin A	39-48	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	119-125
17516864-1	2007	Retinol inhibits the growth of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-resistant human colon cancer cell lines through a retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-independent mechanism.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	136-139
17516864-6	2007	In addition, retinol decreased MMP-1 mRNA levels in both cell lines, MMP-2 mRNA levels in the SW620 cell line, and MMP-7 and -9 mRNA levels in the HCT-116 cell line.	Vitamin A	13-20	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
17516864-6	2007	In addition, retinol decreased MMP-1 mRNA levels in both cell lines, MMP-2 mRNA levels in the SW620 cell line, and MMP-7 and -9 mRNA levels in the HCT-116 cell line.	Vitamin A	13-20	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	69-74
17516864-6	2007	In addition, retinol decreased MMP-1 mRNA levels in both cell lines, MMP-2 mRNA levels in the SW620 cell line, and MMP-7 and -9 mRNA levels in the HCT-116 cell line.	Vitamin A	13-20	matrix metallopeptidase 7	Homo sapiens	115-127
17516864-7	2007	Retinol also decreased the activity of MMP-2 and -9 and MMP-9 protein levels while increasing tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 media levels.	Vitamin A	0-7	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	39-51
17516864-7	2007	Retinol also decreased the activity of MMP-2 and -9 and MMP-9 protein levels while increasing tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 media levels.	Vitamin A	0-7	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	56-61
17516864-7	2007	Retinol also decreased the activity of MMP-2 and -9 and MMP-9 protein levels while increasing tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 media levels.	Vitamin A	0-7	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	114-119
17516864-8	2007	In conclusion, retinol reduces the metastatic potential of ATRA-resistant colon cancer cells via a novel RAR-independent mechanism that may involve decreased MMP mRNA levels and activity.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	105-108
17368315-2	2007	In physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of vitamin A homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	81-90	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	140-163
17068359-2	2007	PA and DHA inhibited the proliferation of the parental PC-3 cells and PC-3 cells engineered to overexpress human lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in both the absence and presence of retinol.	Vitamin A	122-129	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	147-151
17068359-7	2007	In addition, we demonstrate that retinyl phytanate was generated by LRAT in the presence of PA and retinol; however, retinyl docosahexaenoate was produced by another enzyme in the presence of DHA and retinol.	Vitamin A	99-106	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	68-72
17368315-2	2007	In physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of vitamin A homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	81-90	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	165-168
17368315-2	2007	In physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of vitamin A homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	140-147	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	165-168
17368315-2	2007	In physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of vitamin A homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	140-147	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	273-276
17368315-2	2007	In physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of vitamin A homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	202-209	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	140-163
17368315-2	2007	In physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of vitamin A homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	202-209	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	165-168
17368322-13	2007	Finally, vitamin A is known to increase lymphoid cell differentiation, which leads to an increase in CCR5 receptors.	Vitamin A	9-18	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	101-105
17012326-2	2006	Subsequently, all-trans retinal is released from the protein and reduced to all-trans retinol, the first step in the recycling of rhodopsin"s chromophore group through the series of reactions that constitute the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	86-93	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	130-139
17012326-5	2006	Retinol produced after rhodopsin bleaching moved laterally in the disk membrane bilayer with an apparent diffusion coefficient of 2.5 +/- 0.3 micro m(2) s(-1).	Vitamin A	0-7	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	23-32
17425177-2	2006	The objective of the present study was to analyze the serum concentration of IFN-gamma and IL-10 in anemic and non anemic children according to vitamin A nutritional status.	Vitamin A	144-153	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	77-86
17032653-1	2006	RDH12 has been suggested to be one of the retinol dehydrogenases (RDH) involved in the vitamin A recycling system (visual cycle) in the eye.	Vitamin A	87-96	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Mus musculus	0-5
17425177-2	2006	The objective of the present study was to analyze the serum concentration of IFN-gamma and IL-10 in anemic and non anemic children according to vitamin A nutritional status.	Vitamin A	144-153	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	91-96
17019373-16	2006	The level of CD4 cell count influenced the association of retinol with log VL in men, however.	Vitamin A	58-65	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	13-16
17019373-17	2006	In men with CD4 counts >350 cells/mm, those with higher retinol had higher log VLs compared with the lowest quartile, whereas in men with CD4 counts <350, those with higher retinol levels had lower log VLs compared with the lowest quartile.	Vitamin A	59-66	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	12-15
17019373-20	2006	Decreased retinol levels in women and in men with CD4 counts >350 cells/mm and increased zinc and selenium levels in both genders may be associated with improved virologic control.	Vitamin A	10-17	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	50-53
16817226-3	2006	In this study, we have characterized regulation of NKX3.1 expression by all-trans retinoic acid (tRA), a naturally occurring vitamin A metabolite that is accumulated at high levels in the prostate.	Vitamin A	125-134	NK3 homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	51-57
17110582-5	2006	Consequently, mice deficient in the RA precursor vitamin A lacked IgA-secreting cells in the small intestine.	Vitamin A	49-58	CD79A antigen (immunoglobulin-associated alpha)	Mus musculus	66-69
16641166-6	2006	Immunological techniques with specific antibodies against mMATE1 combined with RT-PCR revealed that mMATE1 is also expressed in various cells, including brain glia-like cells and capillaries, pancreatic duct cells, urinary bladder epithelium, adrenal gland cortex, alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans, Leydig cells, and vitamin A-storing Ito cells.	Vitamin A	324-333	solute carrier family 47, member 1	Mus musculus	100-106
16787387-2	2006	Enzymes of the MDR (medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase), SDR (short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase) and AKR (aldo-keto reductase) superfamilies have been reported to catalyse the conversion between retinol and retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	199-206	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens	105-108
16787387-3	2006	Estimation of the relative contribution of enzymes of each type was difficult since kinetics were performed with different methodologies, but SDRs would supposedly play a major role because of their low K(m) values, and because they were found to be active with retinol bound to CRBPI (cellular retinol binding protein type I).	Vitamin A	262-269	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	279-284
16787387-3	2006	Estimation of the relative contribution of enzymes of each type was difficult since kinetics were performed with different methodologies, but SDRs would supposedly play a major role because of their low K(m) values, and because they were found to be active with retinol bound to CRBPI (cellular retinol binding protein type I).	Vitamin A	262-269	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	286-325
16787387-5	2006	Our results demonstrate that none of the enzymes, including the SDR members, are active with CRBPI-bound retinoids, which questions the previously suggested role of CRBPI as a retinol supplier in the retinoic acid synthesis pathway.	Vitamin A	176-183	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	165-170
17056040-5	2006	In vivo investigations in the vitamin-A deficient mouse, lacking differentiated germ cells, confirmed c-Flip(L) expression in undifferentiated spermatogonia.	Vitamin A	30-39	CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator	Mus musculus	102-108
17016651-2	2006	We have shown that expression of the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), which converts retinol to retinyl esters, is reduced in several human carcinomas as compared with adjacent normal tissue from the same organs.	Vitamin A	53-60	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	78-82
16772331-5	2006	Eighty-one genes were significantly upregulated by retinol exposure; among these were key limb development signaling molecules, extracellular matrix and adhesion proteins, oncogenes, and a large number of transcriptional regulators, including Eya2, Id3, Snail, and Hes1.	Vitamin A	51-58	EYA transcriptional coactivator and phosphatase 2	Mus musculus	243-247
16772331-5	2006	Eighty-one genes were significantly upregulated by retinol exposure; among these were key limb development signaling molecules, extracellular matrix and adhesion proteins, oncogenes, and a large number of transcriptional regulators, including Eya2, Id3, Snail, and Hes1.	Vitamin A	51-58	inhibitor of DNA binding 3	Mus musculus	249-252
16772331-5	2006	Eighty-one genes were significantly upregulated by retinol exposure; among these were key limb development signaling molecules, extracellular matrix and adhesion proteins, oncogenes, and a large number of transcriptional regulators, including Eya2, Id3, Snail, and Hes1.	Vitamin A	51-58	snail family zinc finger 1	Mus musculus	254-259
16772331-5	2006	Eighty-one genes were significantly upregulated by retinol exposure; among these were key limb development signaling molecules, extracellular matrix and adhesion proteins, oncogenes, and a large number of transcriptional regulators, including Eya2, Id3, Snail, and Hes1.	Vitamin A	51-58	hes family bHLH transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	265-269
16982809-4	2006	Here we demonstrate that PPARgamma, turns on retinoic acid synthesis by inducing the expression of retinol and retinal metabolizing enzymes such as retinol dehydrogenase 10 and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (RALDH2).	Vitamin A	99-106	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	25-34
16982809-4	2006	Here we demonstrate that PPARgamma, turns on retinoic acid synthesis by inducing the expression of retinol and retinal metabolizing enzymes such as retinol dehydrogenase 10 and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (RALDH2).	Vitamin A	99-106	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	148-172
16982809-4	2006	Here we demonstrate that PPARgamma, turns on retinoic acid synthesis by inducing the expression of retinol and retinal metabolizing enzymes such as retinol dehydrogenase 10 and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (RALDH2).	Vitamin A	99-106	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2	Homo sapiens	177-211
16982809-4	2006	Here we demonstrate that PPARgamma, turns on retinoic acid synthesis by inducing the expression of retinol and retinal metabolizing enzymes such as retinol dehydrogenase 10 and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase type 2 (RALDH2).	Vitamin A	99-106	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2	Homo sapiens	213-219
16982809-5	2006	PPARgamma-regulated expression of these enzymes leads to an increase in the intracellular generation of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) from retinol.	Vitamin A	140-147	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	0-9
17012256-1	2006	RPE65 is the retinal isomerase essential for conversion of all-trans-retinyl ester to 11-cis-retinol in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	86-100	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	0-5
16988133-0	2006	Vitamin A supplementation reduces the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 intestinal immune response of Mexican children.	Vitamin A	0-9	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	38-72
16988133-6	2006	Multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine whether vitamin A-supplemented children had different categorical values of MCP-1 compared with children in the placebo group.	Vitamin A	70-79	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	138-143
16988133-8	2006	Overall, children who received the vitamin A supplement had reduced fecal concentrations of MCP-1 compared with children in the placebo group (median pg/mg protein +/- interquartile range: 284.88 +/- 885.35 vs. 403.39 +/- 913.16; odds ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.42-97, P = 0.03).	Vitamin A	35-44	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	92-97
16988133-9	2006	Vitamin A supplemented children infected with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) had reduced MCP-1 levels (odds ratio = 0.38, 95% CI 0.18-0.80) compared with children in the placebo group.	Vitamin A	0-9	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	99-104
16988133-10	2006	Among children not infected with Ascaris lumbricoides vitamin A supplemented children had reduced MCP-1 levels (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.41-0.94).	Vitamin A	54-63	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	98-103
16988133-11	2006	These findings suggest that vitamin A has an anti-inflammatory effect in the gastrointestinal tract by reducing MCP-1 concentrations.	Vitamin A	28-37	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	112-117
16741517-6	2006	As GS2 lipase has a robust activity that can affect the intracellular retinol levels, we postulated that its activity must be regulated.	Vitamin A	70-77	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 4	Homo sapiens	3-6
16510265-0	2006	Retinol induces the ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of CREB through a pathway involving the generation of reactive oxygen species in cultured Sertoli cells.	Vitamin A	0-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	20-26
16510265-0	2006	Retinol induces the ERK1/2-dependent phosphorylation of CREB through a pathway involving the generation of reactive oxygen species in cultured Sertoli cells.	Vitamin A	0-7	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	56-60
16510265-3	2006	In this work, we report that, in Sertoli cells, retinol (7 microM) induces the Src-dependent activation of ERK1/2 MAPK and the ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB.	Vitamin A	48-55	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	79-82
16510265-3	2006	In this work, we report that, in Sertoli cells, retinol (7 microM) induces the Src-dependent activation of ERK1/2 MAPK and the ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB.	Vitamin A	48-55	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	107-113
16510265-3	2006	In this work, we report that, in Sertoli cells, retinol (7 microM) induces the Src-dependent activation of ERK1/2 MAPK and the ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB.	Vitamin A	48-55	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	127-133
16510265-3	2006	In this work, we report that, in Sertoli cells, retinol (7 microM) induces the Src-dependent activation of ERK1/2 MAPK and the ERK1/2-mediated phosphorylation of the transcription factor CREB.	Vitamin A	48-55	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	187-191
16510265-4	2006	We found that these retinol-induced effects were completely blocked by the antioxidant Trolox 100 microM (a hydrophilic analogue of alpha-tocopherol), the hydroxyl radical scavenger mannitol (1 mM) and the addition of native superoxide dismutase (200 U/ml), and also that retinol increased the production of ROS and several other parameters indicative of oxidative stress during the same incubation periods in which ERK1/2 and CREB were phosphorylated.	Vitamin A	20-27	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	416-422
16510265-4	2006	We found that these retinol-induced effects were completely blocked by the antioxidant Trolox 100 microM (a hydrophilic analogue of alpha-tocopherol), the hydroxyl radical scavenger mannitol (1 mM) and the addition of native superoxide dismutase (200 U/ml), and also that retinol increased the production of ROS and several other parameters indicative of oxidative stress during the same incubation periods in which ERK1/2 and CREB were phosphorylated.	Vitamin A	20-27	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	427-431
16510265-5	2006	The activation of the ERK1/2-CREB pathway appears to be involved in the onset of some of the malignant effects caused by retinol in Sertoli cells since inhibition of ERK1/2 activation blocked the retinol-induced cell transformation and proliferation.	Vitamin A	121-128	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	22-28
16510265-5	2006	The activation of the ERK1/2-CREB pathway appears to be involved in the onset of some of the malignant effects caused by retinol in Sertoli cells since inhibition of ERK1/2 activation blocked the retinol-induced cell transformation and proliferation.	Vitamin A	121-128	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
16939223-1	2006	Lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) has the essential role of catalyzing the transfer of an acyl group from the sn-1 position of lecithin to vitamin A to generate all-trans-retinyl esters (tREs).	Vitamin A	146-155	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-33
16939223-1	2006	Lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) has the essential role of catalyzing the transfer of an acyl group from the sn-1 position of lecithin to vitamin A to generate all-trans-retinyl esters (tREs).	Vitamin A	146-155	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	35-39
16960172-0	2006	Vitamin A supplementation in children with poor vitamin A and iron status increases erythropoietin and hemoglobin concentrations without changing total body iron.	Vitamin A	0-9	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	84-98
16960172-3	2006	In vitro and in animal models, vitamin A treatment increases the production of erythropoietin (EPO), a stimulant of erythropoiesis.	Vitamin A	31-40	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	79-93
16960172-3	2006	In vitro and in animal models, vitamin A treatment increases the production of erythropoietin (EPO), a stimulant of erythropoiesis.	Vitamin A	31-40	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	95-98
16960172-10	2006	Vitamin A treatment increased mean corpuscular volume (P < 0.001) and decreased serum transferrin receptor (P < 0.001), indicating improved iron-deficient erythropoiesis.	Vitamin A	0-9	transferrin	Homo sapiens	89-100
16960172-13	2006	In the vitamin A group at 10 mo, we observed an increase in EPO (P < 0.05) and a decrease in the slope of the regression line of log10(EPO) on hemoglobin (P < 0.01).	Vitamin A	7-16	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	60-63
16960172-13	2006	In the vitamin A group at 10 mo, we observed an increase in EPO (P < 0.05) and a decrease in the slope of the regression line of log10(EPO) on hemoglobin (P < 0.01).	Vitamin A	7-16	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	138-141
16960172-14	2006	CONCLUSION: In children deficient in vitamin A and iron, vitamin A supplementation mobilizes iron from existing stores to support increased erythropoiesis, an effect likely mediated by increases in circulating EPO.	Vitamin A	57-66	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	210-213
16960176-9	2006	CONCLUSION: We observed what appears to be a gene-environment interaction between MBL-2 variants and an intervention with vitamin A plus beta-carotene that is relevant to mother-to-child HIV transmission.	Vitamin A	122-131	mannose binding lectin 2	Homo sapiens	82-87
16920920-2	2006	In this study, we show that an active metabolite of vitamin A, all-trans retinoic acid (RA), potently stimulates T cell proliferation by modulating IL-2-mediated signaling downstream of IL-2R and independent of the induction of IL-2.	Vitamin A	52-61	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	148-152
16920920-2	2006	In this study, we show that an active metabolite of vitamin A, all-trans retinoic acid (RA), potently stimulates T cell proliferation by modulating IL-2-mediated signaling downstream of IL-2R and independent of the induction of IL-2.	Vitamin A	52-61	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	186-191
16920920-2	2006	In this study, we show that an active metabolite of vitamin A, all-trans retinoic acid (RA), potently stimulates T cell proliferation by modulating IL-2-mediated signaling downstream of IL-2R and independent of the induction of IL-2.	Vitamin A	52-61	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	186-190
16724877-5	2006	Topical retinol and retinoic acid also increased the basal levels of epidermal CD44 and hyaluronate, although their preventive effect on UV-induced decrease of these molecules was less pronounced as compared to topical retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	8-15	CD44 antigen	Mus musculus	79-83
16866541-4	2006	We have investigated the mechanism of retinol uptake by the cellular retinol-binding protein type I (CRBP) using line shape analysis of NMR signals.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
16866541-5	2006	The highly similar structures of apo- and holo-CRBP exhibit closed conformations that seemingly offer no access to ligand, yet the protein binds retinol rapidly and with high affinity.	Vitamin A	145-152	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
16866541-7	2006	An initial nonspecific encounter with the ligand induces the formation of long-lived conformers in the portal region of CRBP suggesting a mechanism how retinol accesses the cavity.	Vitamin A	152-159	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
16847097-2	2006	Initial steps, the liberation of all-trans retinal and its reduction to all-trans retinol by retinol dehydrogenase (RDH), take place in photoreceptors.	Vitamin A	82-89	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	93-114
16847097-2	2006	Initial steps, the liberation of all-trans retinal and its reduction to all-trans retinol by retinol dehydrogenase (RDH), take place in photoreceptors.	Vitamin A	82-89	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	116-119
16847097-6	2006	Retinol production rate was 10-40 times faster in cones with cone pigments (SWS2 and M/LWS) than in the basal OS of rods containing rod pigment (RH1).	Vitamin A	0-7	EF-hand domain family member D1	Homo sapiens	76-80
16847097-8	2006	We show that retinol production is defined either by metapigment decay rate or RDH reaction rate, depending on cell type or outer segment region, whereas retinol removal is defined by the surface-to-volume ratio of the outer segment and the availability of retinoid binding protein (IRBP).	Vitamin A	13-20	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	79-82
16702331-1	2006	The ratio of retinol-binding protein (RBP) to transthyretin (TTR) has been proposed as an indirect method with which to assess vitamin A status in the context of inflammation.	Vitamin A	127-136	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	13-36
16690736-5	2006	Vitamin C and retinol intakes were strongly and positively associated with serum folate concentrations independent of age, sex, serum creatinine, serum albumin, total energy intake, smoking history, homocysteine plasma concentrations, dietary nutrient intakes, serum vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 concentrations, and MTHFR C677T sequence variant.	Vitamin A	14-21	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	314-319
16531051-3	2006	Thus, the effect of vitamin A depletion and subsequent administration of retinoic acid (RA, the active metabolite of vitamin A) on the expression of RARbeta, and of proteins involved in amyloidogenic pathway, e.g., amyloid precursor protein (APP), beta-secretase enzyme (BACE), and APP carboxy-terminal fragment (APP-CTF) was examined in the whole brain, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebral cortex of rats.	Vitamin A	117-126	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	149-156
16531051-4	2006	Rats fed a vitamin A-deprived diet for 13 weeks exhibited decreased amount of RARbeta, APP695, BACE, and of APP-CTF in the whole brain and in the cerebral cortex.	Vitamin A	11-20	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	78-85
16531051-4	2006	Rats fed a vitamin A-deprived diet for 13 weeks exhibited decreased amount of RARbeta, APP695, BACE, and of APP-CTF in the whole brain and in the cerebral cortex.	Vitamin A	11-20	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-99
16734607-8	2006	Furthermore, vitamin A supplementation was significantly associated with an increased ratio of mitogen-induced proinflammatory cytokine (IFN-gamma) to anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) during pregnancy and in the postpartum period.	Vitamin A	13-22	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	137-146
16734607-8	2006	Furthermore, vitamin A supplementation was significantly associated with an increased ratio of mitogen-induced proinflammatory cytokine (IFN-gamma) to anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) during pregnancy and in the postpartum period.	Vitamin A	13-22	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	179-184
16702331-10	2006	Serum retinol increased with vitamin A supplementation among those with a low RBP:TTR ratio, although the effect was small and was not present among those with concurrent inflammation.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	78-81
16702331-10	2006	Serum retinol increased with vitamin A supplementation among those with a low RBP:TTR ratio, although the effect was small and was not present among those with concurrent inflammation.	Vitamin A	6-13	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	82-85
16702331-10	2006	Serum retinol increased with vitamin A supplementation among those with a low RBP:TTR ratio, although the effect was small and was not present among those with concurrent inflammation.	Vitamin A	29-38	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	78-81
16702331-10	2006	Serum retinol increased with vitamin A supplementation among those with a low RBP:TTR ratio, although the effect was small and was not present among those with concurrent inflammation.	Vitamin A	29-38	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	82-85
16510265-5	2006	The activation of the ERK1/2-CREB pathway appears to be involved in the onset of some of the malignant effects caused by retinol in Sertoli cells since inhibition of ERK1/2 activation blocked the retinol-induced cell transformation and proliferation.	Vitamin A	121-128	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	166-172
16510265-5	2006	The activation of the ERK1/2-CREB pathway appears to be involved in the onset of some of the malignant effects caused by retinol in Sertoli cells since inhibition of ERK1/2 activation blocked the retinol-induced cell transformation and proliferation.	Vitamin A	196-203	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	22-28
16510265-5	2006	The activation of the ERK1/2-CREB pathway appears to be involved in the onset of some of the malignant effects caused by retinol in Sertoli cells since inhibition of ERK1/2 activation blocked the retinol-induced cell transformation and proliferation.	Vitamin A	196-203	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	29-33
16510265-5	2006	The activation of the ERK1/2-CREB pathway appears to be involved in the onset of some of the malignant effects caused by retinol in Sertoli cells since inhibition of ERK1/2 activation blocked the retinol-induced cell transformation and proliferation.	Vitamin A	196-203	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	166-172
16877224-11	2006	RESULTS: CDH lambs treated with antenatal vitamin A demonstrated significantly lower MPO activity than untreated CDH lambs (0.0477 +/- 0.0150 vs. 0.1106 +/- 0.0230 units/mg protein, p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	42-51	myeloperoxidase	Ovis aries	85-88
16772457-2	2006	Vitamin A-sufficient (VAS) male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered recombinant human IL-6 [n = 4, 65 mug/(kg.d)] or PBS (n = 4) continuously for 7 d via osmotic minipumps.	Vitamin A	0-9	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
16772457-7	2006	After 20.5 h, there was an inverse linear correlation between AGP concentrations and the relative change in retinol to baseline (y = -0.18x + 0.48, r = -0.84, P < 0.001).	Vitamin A	108-115	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
16531051-1	2006	Recent data have revealed that disruption of vitamin A signaling observed in Alzheimer"s disease (AD) leads to a deposition of beta-amyloid (Abeta).	Vitamin A	45-54	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	127-147
16531051-3	2006	Thus, the effect of vitamin A depletion and subsequent administration of retinoic acid (RA, the active metabolite of vitamin A) on the expression of RARbeta, and of proteins involved in amyloidogenic pathway, e.g., amyloid precursor protein (APP), beta-secretase enzyme (BACE), and APP carboxy-terminal fragment (APP-CTF) was examined in the whole brain, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebral cortex of rats.	Vitamin A	20-29	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	149-156
16702331-1	2006	The ratio of retinol-binding protein (RBP) to transthyretin (TTR) has been proposed as an indirect method with which to assess vitamin A status in the context of inflammation.	Vitamin A	127-136	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	38-41
16702331-1	2006	The ratio of retinol-binding protein (RBP) to transthyretin (TTR) has been proposed as an indirect method with which to assess vitamin A status in the context of inflammation.	Vitamin A	127-136	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	43-59
16702331-1	2006	The ratio of retinol-binding protein (RBP) to transthyretin (TTR) has been proposed as an indirect method with which to assess vitamin A status in the context of inflammation.	Vitamin A	127-136	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	61-64
16575402-1	2006	Cellular retinol binding protein-1 (CRBP-1) contributes to the maintenance of the differentiative state of endometrial glandular cells through the regulation of bioavailability of retinol and derivatives, but its role in endometrial oncogenetic process remains unclear.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	36-42
16575402-15	2006	The CRBP-1 loss during the progression of endometrial cancer suggests a new potential target for pharmacological strategies aimed to counteract its progression by increased intracellular retinol bioavailability.	Vitamin A	187-194	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	4-10
16674946-1	2006	Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) interacted with human annexin A6 (AnxA6) as evidenced by AnxA6-induced blue shift of retinoid absorption maxima, by AnxA6-Trp fluorescence quenching and by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a Trp residue of AnxA6 to retinol.	Vitamin A	0-9	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	87-97
16674946-1	2006	Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) interacted with human annexin A6 (AnxA6) as evidenced by AnxA6-induced blue shift of retinoid absorption maxima, by AnxA6-Trp fluorescence quenching and by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a Trp residue of AnxA6 to retinol.	Vitamin A	21-28	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	122-127
16674946-1	2006	Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) interacted with human annexin A6 (AnxA6) as evidenced by AnxA6-induced blue shift of retinoid absorption maxima, by AnxA6-Trp fluorescence quenching and by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a Trp residue of AnxA6 to retinol.	Vitamin A	21-28	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	122-127
16674946-1	2006	Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) interacted with human annexin A6 (AnxA6) as evidenced by AnxA6-induced blue shift of retinoid absorption maxima, by AnxA6-Trp fluorescence quenching and by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a Trp residue of AnxA6 to retinol.	Vitamin A	21-28	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	122-127
16674946-1	2006	Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) interacted with human annexin A6 (AnxA6) as evidenced by AnxA6-induced blue shift of retinoid absorption maxima, by AnxA6-Trp fluorescence quenching and by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a Trp residue of AnxA6 to retinol.	Vitamin A	293-300	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	87-97
16674946-1	2006	Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) interacted with human annexin A6 (AnxA6) as evidenced by AnxA6-induced blue shift of retinoid absorption maxima, by AnxA6-Trp fluorescence quenching and by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a Trp residue of AnxA6 to retinol.	Vitamin A	293-300	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	99-104
16674946-1	2006	Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) interacted with human annexin A6 (AnxA6) as evidenced by AnxA6-induced blue shift of retinoid absorption maxima, by AnxA6-Trp fluorescence quenching and by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a Trp residue of AnxA6 to retinol.	Vitamin A	293-300	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	122-127
16674946-1	2006	Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) interacted with human annexin A6 (AnxA6) as evidenced by AnxA6-induced blue shift of retinoid absorption maxima, by AnxA6-Trp fluorescence quenching and by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a Trp residue of AnxA6 to retinol.	Vitamin A	293-300	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	122-127
16674946-1	2006	Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) interacted with human annexin A6 (AnxA6) as evidenced by AnxA6-induced blue shift of retinoid absorption maxima, by AnxA6-Trp fluorescence quenching and by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a Trp residue of AnxA6 to retinol.	Vitamin A	293-300	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	122-127
16674946-3	2006	Up to our knowledge, it is a first report supporting the hypothesis of a direct implication of AnxA6 in vitamin A-dependent tissue mineralization.	Vitamin A	104-113	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	95-100
16674946-1	2006	Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) interacted with human annexin A6 (AnxA6) as evidenced by AnxA6-induced blue shift of retinoid absorption maxima, by AnxA6-Trp fluorescence quenching and by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a Trp residue of AnxA6 to retinol.	Vitamin A	0-9	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	99-104
16674946-1	2006	Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) interacted with human annexin A6 (AnxA6) as evidenced by AnxA6-induced blue shift of retinoid absorption maxima, by AnxA6-Trp fluorescence quenching and by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a Trp residue of AnxA6 to retinol.	Vitamin A	0-9	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	122-127
16674946-1	2006	Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) interacted with human annexin A6 (AnxA6) as evidenced by AnxA6-induced blue shift of retinoid absorption maxima, by AnxA6-Trp fluorescence quenching and by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a Trp residue of AnxA6 to retinol.	Vitamin A	0-9	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	122-127
16674946-1	2006	Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) interacted with human annexin A6 (AnxA6) as evidenced by AnxA6-induced blue shift of retinoid absorption maxima, by AnxA6-Trp fluorescence quenching and by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a Trp residue of AnxA6 to retinol.	Vitamin A	0-9	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	122-127
16674946-1	2006	Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) interacted with human annexin A6 (AnxA6) as evidenced by AnxA6-induced blue shift of retinoid absorption maxima, by AnxA6-Trp fluorescence quenching and by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a Trp residue of AnxA6 to retinol.	Vitamin A	21-28	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	87-97
16674946-1	2006	Vitamin A (all-trans retinol) and all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA) interacted with human annexin A6 (AnxA6) as evidenced by AnxA6-induced blue shift of retinoid absorption maxima, by AnxA6-Trp fluorescence quenching and by a fluorescence resonance energy transfer from a Trp residue of AnxA6 to retinol.	Vitamin A	21-28	annexin A6	Homo sapiens	99-104
16517099-9	2006	Transient transfection experiments with RXRalpha promoter-luciferase reporter constructs in SRB12-p9 skin SCC cells, as well as with PC3 prostate carcinoma cells, revealed that RXRalpha transcription is relatively weak compared to the positive control thymidine kinase (TK) promoter and is stimulated by treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the biologically active form of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	383-392	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	177-185
16538685-8	2006	Vitamin A deficiency altered RALDH 1, but not RALDH 2 protein expression.	Vitamin A	0-9	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	29-36
16670389-1	2006	The Bach model was developed to predict the absolute 10-year risk of developing lung cancer among smokers by use of participants in the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial of lung cancer prevention.	Vitamin A	149-156	acyl-CoA thioesterase 7	Homo sapiens	4-8
16642426-5	2006	Using mass and metabolic-based methods, Western blot and immunocytochemistry assays, we demonstrated that treatment with palmitic acid (75 muM) alone or in combination with retinol (2 muM) significantly decreased cell proliferation and alpha-SMA expression.	Vitamin A	173-180	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	236-245
16614431-8	2006	Vitamin A-supplemented children infected with enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) had reduced IL-4 and IFN-gamma levels [odds ratio (OR) = 0.3, 95% CI 0.13-0.67 and OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.14-0.83, respectively] compared with children in the placebo group.	Vitamin A	0-9	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	90-94
16614431-8	2006	Vitamin A-supplemented children infected with enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) had reduced IL-4 and IFN-gamma levels [odds ratio (OR) = 0.3, 95% CI 0.13-0.67 and OR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.14-0.83, respectively] compared with children in the placebo group.	Vitamin A	0-9	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	99-108
16614431-9	2006	Vitamin A-supplemented children had increased IL-4 levels when infected with A. lumbricoides (OR = 12.06, 95% CI 0.95-153.85).	Vitamin A	0-9	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	46-50
16614431-10	2006	In contrast, IL-4 levels increased (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 0.94-4.87) and IFN-gamma levels decreased (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.26-0.99) among vitamin A-supplemented children with diarrhea compared with children in the placebo group.	Vitamin A	132-141	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
16614431-10	2006	In contrast, IL-4 levels increased (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 0.94-4.87) and IFN-gamma levels decreased (OR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.26-0.99) among vitamin A-supplemented children with diarrhea compared with children in the placebo group.	Vitamin A	132-141	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	69-78
16414186-6	2006	Northern blots showed that circadian expression of the clock genes mPer1, mPer2, Clock, and BMAL1, and of the clock-controlled output gene D-site binding protein (DBP), was maintained in Vitamin A-deficient mice.	Vitamin A	187-196	period circadian clock 1	Mus musculus	67-72
16414186-6	2006	Northern blots showed that circadian expression of the clock genes mPer1, mPer2, Clock, and BMAL1, and of the clock-controlled output gene D-site binding protein (DBP), was maintained in Vitamin A-deficient mice.	Vitamin A	187-196	period circadian clock 2	Mus musculus	74-79
16414186-6	2006	Northern blots showed that circadian expression of the clock genes mPer1, mPer2, Clock, and BMAL1, and of the clock-controlled output gene D-site binding protein (DBP), was maintained in Vitamin A-deficient mice.	Vitamin A	187-196	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like	Mus musculus	92-97
16414186-6	2006	Northern blots showed that circadian expression of the clock genes mPer1, mPer2, Clock, and BMAL1, and of the clock-controlled output gene D-site binding protein (DBP), was maintained in Vitamin A-deficient mice.	Vitamin A	187-196	D site albumin promoter binding protein	Mus musculus	139-161
16414186-6	2006	Northern blots showed that circadian expression of the clock genes mPer1, mPer2, Clock, and BMAL1, and of the clock-controlled output gene D-site binding protein (DBP), was maintained in Vitamin A-deficient mice.	Vitamin A	187-196	D site albumin promoter binding protein	Mus musculus	163-166
16322074-5	2006	We conclude that, in the developing limb, antagonists selective for either member of the RAR/RXR heterodimer attenuate retinoid signaling and block the teratogenic signaling of excess retinol.	Vitamin A	184-191	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	89-92
16680587-3	2006	Retinoic acid (RA), a derivative of vitamin A, is a ligand for the IGF II receptor (IGF2R).	Vitamin A	36-45	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	67-82
16680587-3	2006	Retinoic acid (RA), a derivative of vitamin A, is a ligand for the IGF II receptor (IGF2R).	Vitamin A	36-45	insulin like growth factor 2 receptor	Homo sapiens	84-89
16464863-9	2006	We further show that ninaG mutants fed on retinal as the sole source of vitamin A are able to synthesize 3-hydroxyretinoids.	Vitamin A	72-81	ninaG	Drosophila melanogaster	21-26
16525719-3	2006	Herein, evidence is presented for receptor-mediated uptake of retinol-binding protein, RBP, the specific circulatory vitamin A carrier, in the A431 human epidermal cell line.	Vitamin A	117-126	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	87-90
16507818-5	2006	A critical component in the generation of the synchronized firing of cortical neurons (cortical synchrony) is a network of inhibitory interneurons containing parvalbumin, a cell population affected by retinoid perturbations, such as exposure to a vitamin A overdose.	Vitamin A	247-256	parvalbumin	Homo sapiens	158-169
16504037-2	2006	beta, beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) catalyzes the central cleavage of beta-carotene to all-trans retinal and is the key enzyme in the intestinal metabolism of carotenes to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	187-196	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-42
16504037-2	2006	beta, beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase 1 (BCMO1) catalyzes the central cleavage of beta-carotene to all-trans retinal and is the key enzyme in the intestinal metabolism of carotenes to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	187-196	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
16461896-7	2006	Our work shows that signaling by retinoic acid (RA), an active derivative of vitamin A, is required for Stra8 expression and thereby meiotic initiation in embryonic ovaries.	Vitamin A	77-86	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8	Mus musculus	104-109
16256175-0	2006	The effect of vitamin A on CCl4-induced hepatic injuries in rats: a histochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.	Vitamin A	14-23	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
16461020-6	2006	As result, merely two lipocalins, RBP and beta-trace, revealed high affinities both for retinol and for RA, which probably reflects a specialized physiological function in retinoid complexation.	Vitamin A	88-95	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	34-37
16461020-7	2006	Surprisingly, the strongest retinol affinity was detected for apolipoprotein D, whereas this lipocalin exhibits much weaker binding activity for retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	28-35	apolipoprotein D	Homo sapiens	62-78
16461020-9	2006	Notably, RBP with its perfectly moulded retinol-binding site did not show any detectable binding activity for both compounds.	Vitamin A	40-47	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	9-12
16256175-6	2006	The samples from animals that were treated with vitamin A showed an increase in labelling with gold impregnation but a decrease in alpha-SMA immunopositivity.	Vitamin A	48-57	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	131-140
16762690-7	2006	The relative saturation of RBP with retinol decreased with severity of ALD (controls: 76.8+/-5.0%; ALD1: 55.8+/-6.5%; ALD2: 43.5+/-6.2%; ALD3: 29.0+/-5.1%).	Vitamin A	36-43	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-30
16762690-9	2006	From these results, a reduced availability of retinol in the periphery due to an altered saturation of RBP can be concluded.	Vitamin A	46-53	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	103-106
16397886-7	2006	RESULTS: Whereas RARalpha1-/-gamma+/+ and RARalpha1-/-gamma+/- limbs exhibited deleterious effects on limb outgrowth and chondrogenesis in the presence of exogenous retinol, this outcome was significantly attenuated in RARalpha1-/-gamma-/- limbs.	Vitamin A	165-172	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	42-51
16809906-5	2006	The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of PSE/DAG on serum retinol, beta-carotene, and alpha-tocopherol levels using a threefold excess of the effective dose obtained in our previous study.	Vitamin A	78-85	dystroglycan 1	Homo sapiens	61-68
16397886-7	2006	RESULTS: Whereas RARalpha1-/-gamma+/+ and RARalpha1-/-gamma+/- limbs exhibited deleterious effects on limb outgrowth and chondrogenesis in the presence of exogenous retinol, this outcome was significantly attenuated in RARalpha1-/-gamma-/- limbs.	Vitamin A	165-172	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	42-51
16397886-8	2006	The expressions of sox9 and col2a1 were significantly decreased in retinol-exposed RARalpha1-/-gamma+/+ limbs.	Vitamin A	67-74	SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9	Mus musculus	19-23
16397886-8	2006	The expressions of sox9 and col2a1 were significantly decreased in retinol-exposed RARalpha1-/-gamma+/+ limbs.	Vitamin A	67-74	collagen, type II, alpha 1	Mus musculus	28-34
16397886-8	2006	The expressions of sox9 and col2a1 were significantly decreased in retinol-exposed RARalpha1-/-gamma+/+ limbs.	Vitamin A	67-74	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	83-92
16397886-10	2006	Retinol exposure upregulated the expression of meis1 and meis2 in RARalpha1-/-gamma+/+ limbs; however, in RARalpha1-/-gamma-/- limbs the expression of both genes was unresponsive to retinol.	Vitamin A	0-7	Meis homeobox 1	Mus musculus	47-52
16397886-10	2006	Retinol exposure upregulated the expression of meis1 and meis2 in RARalpha1-/-gamma+/+ limbs; however, in RARalpha1-/-gamma-/- limbs the expression of both genes was unresponsive to retinol.	Vitamin A	0-7	Meis homeobox 2	Mus musculus	57-62
16397886-10	2006	Retinol exposure upregulated the expression of meis1 and meis2 in RARalpha1-/-gamma+/+ limbs; however, in RARalpha1-/-gamma-/- limbs the expression of both genes was unresponsive to retinol.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	66-75
16804311-0	2006	Effect of vitamin A on the CD44 expression in the small intestine of rats with obstructive jaundice.	Vitamin A	10-19	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
16804311-1	2006	HYPOTHESIS: In this study, the influence of obstructive jaundice on the CD44 expression in the rat small intestine and the alterations of this CD44 expression by vitamin A given intraperitoneally (200 IU/g/day) are evaluated.	Vitamin A	162-171	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	143-147
16804311-9	2006	When group D (obstructive jaundice + vitamin A) was compared with group C (obstructive jaundice + saline), the number of cells expressing surface CD44 was significantly increased in jejunum and ileum in group D animals (p < 0.05), higher than in the sham groups (A and B).	Vitamin A	37-46	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
16804311-12	2006	We found that daily intraperitoneal administration of vitamin A in rats with obstructive jaundice for 2 weeks significantly restored the impaired CD44 expression.	Vitamin A	54-63	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
16054134-10	2006	Similar to LRAT, ARAT esterifies both all-trans-retinol and 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	38-55	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Bos taurus	11-15
16054134-10	2006	Similar to LRAT, ARAT esterifies both all-trans-retinol and 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	38-55	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Bos taurus	17-21
16054134-10	2006	Similar to LRAT, ARAT esterifies both all-trans-retinol and 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	60-74	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Bos taurus	11-15
16054134-10	2006	Similar to LRAT, ARAT esterifies both all-trans-retinol and 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	60-74	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Bos taurus	17-21
16054134-13	2006	However, the Michaelis constant (K(M)) of ARAT was 10-fold higher than the K(M) of LRAT for all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	92-109	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Bos taurus	42-46
16054134-13	2006	However, the Michaelis constant (K(M)) of ARAT was 10-fold higher than the K(M) of LRAT for all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	92-109	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Bos taurus	83-87
16054134-14	2006	These observations suggest that ARAT may complement LRAT to provide additional retinyl-ester synthase activity under conditions of high all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	136-153	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Bos taurus	32-36
16054134-14	2006	These observations suggest that ARAT may complement LRAT to provide additional retinyl-ester synthase activity under conditions of high all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	136-153	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Bos taurus	52-56
16043492-6	2006	METHODS: Cultured rat PSCs were incubated with retinol, ATRA, or 9-RA for varying time periods and assessed for: (i) proliferation; (ii) expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), collagen I, fibronectin, and laminin; and (iii) activation of MAPKs (extracellular regulated kinases 1 and 2, p38 kinase, and c-Jun N terminal kinase).	Vitamin A	47-54	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	178-187
16043492-8	2006	RESULTS: Retinol, ATRA, and 9-RA significantly inhibited: (i) cell proliferation, (ii) expression of alpha-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and laminin, and (iii) activation of all three classes of MAPKs.	Vitamin A	9-16	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	101-110
16043492-8	2006	RESULTS: Retinol, ATRA, and 9-RA significantly inhibited: (i) cell proliferation, (ii) expression of alpha-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and laminin, and (iii) activation of all three classes of MAPKs.	Vitamin A	9-16	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-135
16043492-9	2006	Furthermore, retinol prevented ethanol induced PSC activation, as indicated by inhibition of the ethanol induced increase in alpha-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and laminin expression.	Vitamin A	13-20	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	125-134
16043492-9	2006	Furthermore, retinol prevented ethanol induced PSC activation, as indicated by inhibition of the ethanol induced increase in alpha-SMA, collagen I, fibronectin, and laminin expression.	Vitamin A	13-20	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-159
17047345-10	2006	The lipoprotein lipase and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 mRNA expression levels increased in the aorta of vitamin-A-deficient animals.	Vitamin A	132-141	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	4-22
17047345-10	2006	The lipoprotein lipase and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 mRNA expression levels increased in the aorta of vitamin-A-deficient animals.	Vitamin A	132-141	oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-82
16374440-8	2006	There was a strong and highly significant correlation between urinary retinol and RBP (r=0.973, P<0.006).	Vitamin A	70-77	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	82-85
16493122-9	2006	DISCUSSION: Our data suggest that chronic dietary vitamin A supplementation at high doses effectively regulates obesity in obese phenotype of the WNIN/Ob strain, possibly through up-regulation of the BAT-UCP1 gene and associated adipose tissue loss.	Vitamin A	50-59	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	204-208
16739605-2	2006	Concrete doses and terms needed for vitamin status improvement evaluated by means of pronounced increase of medium vitamin blood level in observed patient groups and decrease of relative quality of individuals with vitamin A, E, C, B2 or B6 deficit have been obtained.	Vitamin A	215-224	immunoglobulin kappa variable 5-2	Homo sapiens	229-240
16598936-10	2006	By using 2H8 retinyl acetate as the vitamin A reference, the 2H4 retinol formed from 2H8 beta-C (11,011 nmol) was calculated to be equivalent to (3434 +/- 1449) nmol of retinol.	Vitamin A	36-45	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	89-95
16598936-10	2006	By using 2H8 retinyl acetate as the vitamin A reference, the 2H4 retinol formed from 2H8 beta-C (11,011 nmol) was calculated to be equivalent to (3434 +/- 1449) nmol of retinol.	Vitamin A	65-72	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	89-95
16623998-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: In recent years, some experiments on vitamin A-deprived animals reveal a progressive and ultimately profound impairment of hippocampal CA1 area"s long-term potentiation and these losses are fully reversible by dietary vitamin A replenishment in vivo.	Vitamin A	48-57	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
16623998-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: In recent years, some experiments on vitamin A-deprived animals reveal a progressive and ultimately profound impairment of hippocampal CA1 area"s long-term potentiation and these losses are fully reversible by dietary vitamin A replenishment in vivo.	Vitamin A	229-238	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
16623998-21	2006	Vitamin A may modulate the expression of RC3 mRNA by affecting RAR-alpha, RAR-beta and RXR-beta to influence the LTP, learning and memory.	Vitamin A	0-9	neurogranin	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
16623998-21	2006	Vitamin A may modulate the expression of RC3 mRNA by affecting RAR-alpha, RAR-beta and RXR-beta to influence the LTP, learning and memory.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	63-72
16623998-21	2006	Vitamin A may modulate the expression of RC3 mRNA by affecting RAR-alpha, RAR-beta and RXR-beta to influence the LTP, learning and memory.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	74-82
16623998-21	2006	Vitamin A may modulate the expression of RC3 mRNA by affecting RAR-alpha, RAR-beta and RXR-beta to influence the LTP, learning and memory.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinoid X receptor beta	Rattus norvegicus	87-95
16352730-2	2005	In particular, heart morphogenesis depends on vitamin A signals mediated by the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha), as the systemic mutation of this receptor results in thinning of the myocardium and embryonic lethality.	Vitamin A	46-55	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	80-105
16352730-2	2005	In particular, heart morphogenesis depends on vitamin A signals mediated by the retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha), as the systemic mutation of this receptor results in thinning of the myocardium and embryonic lethality.	Vitamin A	46-55	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	107-115
16339527-2	2005	The vitamin A metabolites all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acid regulate gene expression by binding to the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), while 9-cis-retinoic acid also binds to the retinoid X receptor (RXR).	Vitamin A	4-13	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	128-131
16303925-8	2005	RESULTS: Administration of HPR to ABCA4-/- mice caused immediate, dose-dependent reductions in serum retinol and RBP.	Vitamin A	101-108	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 4	Mus musculus	34-39
16317126-0	2005	The concentration of free holo-retinol binding protein is higher in vitamin A-sufficient than in deficient Nepalese women in late pregnancy.	Vitamin A	68-77	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	26-54
16317126-1	2005	Free holo-retinol binding protein (RBP) [i.e., unbound to transthyretin (TTR)] plays a role in transporting vitamin A across the placenta during pregnancy.	Vitamin A	108-117	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	5-33
16317126-1	2005	Free holo-retinol binding protein (RBP) [i.e., unbound to transthyretin (TTR)] plays a role in transporting vitamin A across the placenta during pregnancy.	Vitamin A	108-117	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	35-38
16317126-1	2005	Free holo-retinol binding protein (RBP) [i.e., unbound to transthyretin (TTR)] plays a role in transporting vitamin A across the placenta during pregnancy.	Vitamin A	108-117	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	73-76
16317126-8	2005	Concentrations of free holo-RBP were higher in vitamin A-sufficient women than in vitamin A-deficient women (mean +/- SEM, 48.1 +/- 1.2 vs. 27.6 +/- 0.8 nmol/L; P < 0.001), and in a 3 x 2 factorial analysis, the interaction between gestational group and vitamin A status was significant.	Vitamin A	47-56	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	28-31
16317126-8	2005	Concentrations of free holo-RBP were higher in vitamin A-sufficient women than in vitamin A-deficient women (mean +/- SEM, 48.1 +/- 1.2 vs. 27.6 +/- 0.8 nmol/L; P < 0.001), and in a 3 x 2 factorial analysis, the interaction between gestational group and vitamin A status was significant.	Vitamin A	82-91	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	28-31
16317126-8	2005	Concentrations of free holo-RBP were higher in vitamin A-sufficient women than in vitamin A-deficient women (mean +/- SEM, 48.1 +/- 1.2 vs. 27.6 +/- 0.8 nmol/L; P < 0.001), and in a 3 x 2 factorial analysis, the interaction between gestational group and vitamin A status was significant.	Vitamin A	82-91	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	28-31
16338327-15	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin A deficiency can increase development of nephroblastomas in rats, probably via a mechanism of elevated NR remnants and WT1 expression.	Vitamin A	13-22	WT1 transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
16481245-0	2006	Vitamin A improves Pax3 expression that is decreased in the heart of rats with experimental diaphragmatic hernia.	Vitamin A	0-9	paired box 3	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
16174770-1	2005	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the esterification of retinol (vitamin A) in the liver and in some extrahepatic tissues, including the lung.	Vitamin A	9-16	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	34-38
16174770-1	2005	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the esterification of retinol (vitamin A) in the liver and in some extrahepatic tissues, including the lung.	Vitamin A	81-90	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-32
16174770-1	2005	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the esterification of retinol (vitamin A) in the liver and in some extrahepatic tissues, including the lung.	Vitamin A	81-90	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	34-38
16174770-6	2005	Cyp26A1 mRNA was not detected in hepatic tissue samples from LRAT-/- mice but was detected in WT mice fed the vitamin A-deficient diet.	Vitamin A	110-119	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	0-7
16174770-8	2005	In addition, the retinol levels in serum rapidly increased in the LRAT-/- mice upon re-addition of vitamin A to the diet, indicating that serum retinol levels in LRAT-/- mice can be conveniently modulated by the quantitative manipulation of dietary retinol.	Vitamin A	17-24	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	66-70
16174770-8	2005	In addition, the retinol levels in serum rapidly increased in the LRAT-/- mice upon re-addition of vitamin A to the diet, indicating that serum retinol levels in LRAT-/- mice can be conveniently modulated by the quantitative manipulation of dietary retinol.	Vitamin A	17-24	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	162-166
16174770-8	2005	In addition, the retinol levels in serum rapidly increased in the LRAT-/- mice upon re-addition of vitamin A to the diet, indicating that serum retinol levels in LRAT-/- mice can be conveniently modulated by the quantitative manipulation of dietary retinol.	Vitamin A	99-108	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	66-70
16174770-8	2005	In addition, the retinol levels in serum rapidly increased in the LRAT-/- mice upon re-addition of vitamin A to the diet, indicating that serum retinol levels in LRAT-/- mice can be conveniently modulated by the quantitative manipulation of dietary retinol.	Vitamin A	99-108	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	162-166
16174770-8	2005	In addition, the retinol levels in serum rapidly increased in the LRAT-/- mice upon re-addition of vitamin A to the diet, indicating that serum retinol levels in LRAT-/- mice can be conveniently modulated by the quantitative manipulation of dietary retinol.	Vitamin A	144-151	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	66-70
16174770-8	2005	In addition, the retinol levels in serum rapidly increased in the LRAT-/- mice upon re-addition of vitamin A to the diet, indicating that serum retinol levels in LRAT-/- mice can be conveniently modulated by the quantitative manipulation of dietary retinol.	Vitamin A	144-151	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	162-166
16174770-8	2005	In addition, the retinol levels in serum rapidly increased in the LRAT-/- mice upon re-addition of vitamin A to the diet, indicating that serum retinol levels in LRAT-/- mice can be conveniently modulated by the quantitative manipulation of dietary retinol.	Vitamin A	144-151	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	66-70
16174770-8	2005	In addition, the retinol levels in serum rapidly increased in the LRAT-/- mice upon re-addition of vitamin A to the diet, indicating that serum retinol levels in LRAT-/- mice can be conveniently modulated by the quantitative manipulation of dietary retinol.	Vitamin A	144-151	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	162-166
16351764-1	2005	Cellular retinol-binding protein type II (CRBPII) is involved in the transport of vitamin A and its metabolism in the small intestine.	Vitamin A	82-91	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-40
16351764-1	2005	Cellular retinol-binding protein type II (CRBPII) is involved in the transport of vitamin A and its metabolism in the small intestine.	Vitamin A	82-91	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	42-48
16259011-5	2005	Dietary depletion of vitamin A in Th2-prone wild-type mice mimics the immune phenotype caused by the mutation.	Vitamin A	21-30	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	34-37
16317119-0	2005	Vitamin A status in mice affects the histone code of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene in liver.	Vitamin A	0-9	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	57-90
16317119-2	2005	In the studies reported here, we examined changes in histone modification and coregulator association with the regulatory domains of the PEPCK gene in response to alterations in vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	178-187	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	137-142
16317119-8	2005	These results demonstrate the associated changes that occur in nuclear receptor binding, coactivator recruitment, and histone acetylation in response to vitamin A status, identified at specific RAREs in the PEPCK gene in vivo.	Vitamin A	153-162	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	207-212
16339527-2	2005	The vitamin A metabolites all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acid regulate gene expression by binding to the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), while 9-cis-retinoic acid also binds to the retinoid X receptor (RXR).	Vitamin A	4-13	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	178-197
16339527-2	2005	The vitamin A metabolites all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acid regulate gene expression by binding to the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), while 9-cis-retinoic acid also binds to the retinoid X receptor (RXR).	Vitamin A	4-13	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	199-202
16286652-1	2005	Transthyretin (TTR) is a transport protein for thyroxine and, in association with retinol-binding protein, for retinol, mainly existing as a tetramer in vivo.	Vitamin A	82-89	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
16286652-1	2005	Transthyretin (TTR) is a transport protein for thyroxine and, in association with retinol-binding protein, for retinol, mainly existing as a tetramer in vivo.	Vitamin A	82-89	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
16157297-1	2005	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the retinol-specific carrier protein present in plasma, where it circulates almost entirely bound to thyroxine-binding transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
16157297-1	2005	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the retinol-specific carrier protein present in plasma, where it circulates almost entirely bound to thyroxine-binding transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
16157297-1	2005	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the retinol-specific carrier protein present in plasma, where it circulates almost entirely bound to thyroxine-binding transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	37-44	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	167-170
16157297-2	2005	Recently, depressed plasma retinol and RBP levels in carriers of the I41N and G75D RBP point mutations have been reported.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	83-86
16157297-3	2005	We show here that although recombinant human N41 and D75 RBPs can form complexes with retinol and TTR in vitro, the retinol-mutated RBP complexes are significantly less stable than human normal holo-RBP, as revealed by the markedly facilitated retinol release by mutated holo-RBPs to phospholipid membranes, in accordance with the location of mutated residues inside the RBP retinol-binding cavity.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	57-60
16157297-3	2005	We show here that although recombinant human N41 and D75 RBPs can form complexes with retinol and TTR in vitro, the retinol-mutated RBP complexes are significantly less stable than human normal holo-RBP, as revealed by the markedly facilitated retinol release by mutated holo-RBPs to phospholipid membranes, in accordance with the location of mutated residues inside the RBP retinol-binding cavity.	Vitamin A	116-123	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	132-135
16157297-3	2005	We show here that although recombinant human N41 and D75 RBPs can form complexes with retinol and TTR in vitro, the retinol-mutated RBP complexes are significantly less stable than human normal holo-RBP, as revealed by the markedly facilitated retinol release by mutated holo-RBPs to phospholipid membranes, in accordance with the location of mutated residues inside the RBP retinol-binding cavity.	Vitamin A	116-123	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	132-135
16157297-3	2005	We show here that although recombinant human N41 and D75 RBPs can form complexes with retinol and TTR in vitro, the retinol-mutated RBP complexes are significantly less stable than human normal holo-RBP, as revealed by the markedly facilitated retinol release by mutated holo-RBPs to phospholipid membranes, in accordance with the location of mutated residues inside the RBP retinol-binding cavity.	Vitamin A	116-123	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	132-135
16157297-3	2005	We show here that although recombinant human N41 and D75 RBPs can form complexes with retinol and TTR in vitro, the retinol-mutated RBP complexes are significantly less stable than human normal holo-RBP, as revealed by the markedly facilitated retinol release by mutated holo-RBPs to phospholipid membranes, in accordance with the location of mutated residues inside the RBP retinol-binding cavity.	Vitamin A	116-123	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	132-135
16157297-3	2005	We show here that although recombinant human N41 and D75 RBPs can form complexes with retinol and TTR in vitro, the retinol-mutated RBP complexes are significantly less stable than human normal holo-RBP, as revealed by the markedly facilitated retinol release by mutated holo-RBPs to phospholipid membranes, in accordance with the location of mutated residues inside the RBP retinol-binding cavity.	Vitamin A	116-123	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	132-135
16157297-3	2005	We show here that although recombinant human N41 and D75 RBPs can form complexes with retinol and TTR in vitro, the retinol-mutated RBP complexes are significantly less stable than human normal holo-RBP, as revealed by the markedly facilitated retinol release by mutated holo-RBPs to phospholipid membranes, in accordance with the location of mutated residues inside the RBP retinol-binding cavity.	Vitamin A	116-123	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	132-135
16157297-4	2005	Taken together, the data are consistent with the I41N and G75D point mutations being the cause of an altered interaction of retinol with RBP, resulting in a remarkably reduced stability of the retinol-RBP complex, which in turn can lead to the lowering of plasma retinol and RBP levels.	Vitamin A	124-131	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	137-140
16157297-4	2005	Taken together, the data are consistent with the I41N and G75D point mutations being the cause of an altered interaction of retinol with RBP, resulting in a remarkably reduced stability of the retinol-RBP complex, which in turn can lead to the lowering of plasma retinol and RBP levels.	Vitamin A	124-131	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	201-204
16157297-4	2005	Taken together, the data are consistent with the I41N and G75D point mutations being the cause of an altered interaction of retinol with RBP, resulting in a remarkably reduced stability of the retinol-RBP complex, which in turn can lead to the lowering of plasma retinol and RBP levels.	Vitamin A	124-131	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	201-204
16157297-4	2005	Taken together, the data are consistent with the I41N and G75D point mutations being the cause of an altered interaction of retinol with RBP, resulting in a remarkably reduced stability of the retinol-RBP complex, which in turn can lead to the lowering of plasma retinol and RBP levels.	Vitamin A	193-200	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	137-140
16157297-4	2005	Taken together, the data are consistent with the I41N and G75D point mutations being the cause of an altered interaction of retinol with RBP, resulting in a remarkably reduced stability of the retinol-RBP complex, which in turn can lead to the lowering of plasma retinol and RBP levels.	Vitamin A	193-200	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	201-204
16157297-4	2005	Taken together, the data are consistent with the I41N and G75D point mutations being the cause of an altered interaction of retinol with RBP, resulting in a remarkably reduced stability of the retinol-RBP complex, which in turn can lead to the lowering of plasma retinol and RBP levels.	Vitamin A	193-200	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	201-204
16157297-4	2005	Taken together, the data are consistent with the I41N and G75D point mutations being the cause of an altered interaction of retinol with RBP, resulting in a remarkably reduced stability of the retinol-RBP complex, which in turn can lead to the lowering of plasma retinol and RBP levels.	Vitamin A	193-200	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	137-140
16157297-4	2005	Taken together, the data are consistent with the I41N and G75D point mutations being the cause of an altered interaction of retinol with RBP, resulting in a remarkably reduced stability of the retinol-RBP complex, which in turn can lead to the lowering of plasma retinol and RBP levels.	Vitamin A	193-200	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	201-204
16157297-4	2005	Taken together, the data are consistent with the I41N and G75D point mutations being the cause of an altered interaction of retinol with RBP, resulting in a remarkably reduced stability of the retinol-RBP complex, which in turn can lead to the lowering of plasma retinol and RBP levels.	Vitamin A	193-200	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	201-204
16277768-0	2005	A comparative study on the effects of oral amiodarone and trimeprazine, two in vitro retinyl ester hydrolase inhibitors, on the metabolic availability of vitamin A in rats.	Vitamin A	154-163	carboxylesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus	85-108
16267017-1	2005	Retinol (vitamin A) is thought to exert its effects through the actions of its metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), on gene transcription mediated by retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoic acid response elements (RARE).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	157-180
15975960-0	2005	All-trans and 9-cis retinoic acids, retinol and beta-carotene chemopreventive activities during the initial phases of hepatocarcinogenesis involve distinct actions on glutathione S-transferase positive preneoplastic lesions remodeling and DNA damage.	Vitamin A	36-43	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	167-192
16267017-1	2005	Retinol (vitamin A) is thought to exert its effects through the actions of its metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), on gene transcription mediated by retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoic acid response elements (RARE).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	182-185
16267017-1	2005	Retinol (vitamin A) is thought to exert its effects through the actions of its metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), on gene transcription mediated by retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoic acid response elements (RARE).	Vitamin A	9-18	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	157-180
16267017-1	2005	Retinol (vitamin A) is thought to exert its effects through the actions of its metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), on gene transcription mediated by retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoic acid response elements (RARE).	Vitamin A	9-18	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	182-185
16267017-9	2005	To show that growth inhibition due to retinol was ATRA, RAR, and RARE independent, a pan-RAR antagonist was used to block RAR signaling.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	56-59
16267017-9	2005	To show that growth inhibition due to retinol was ATRA, RAR, and RARE independent, a pan-RAR antagonist was used to block RAR signaling.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	65-68
16267017-9	2005	To show that growth inhibition due to retinol was ATRA, RAR, and RARE independent, a pan-RAR antagonist was used to block RAR signaling.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	65-68
16267017-12	2005	Our data show that retinol acts through a novel, RAR-independent mechanism to inhibit colon cancer cell growth.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	49-52
16116091-3	2005	Although it is known that RPE65 is critical for regeneration of 11-cis retinol in the visual cycle, the function of RPE65 is elusive.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	26-31
16244173-2	2005	In the rhodopsin cycle, retinal chromophore from bleached rod pigments is reduced to retinol and transferred to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to store as all-trans retinyl ester.	Vitamin A	85-92	rhodopsin	Gallus gallus	7-16
16251603-0	2005	Megalin-mediated reuptake of retinol in the kidneys of mice is essential for vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	29-36	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2	Mus musculus	0-7
16251603-0	2005	Megalin-mediated reuptake of retinol in the kidneys of mice is essential for vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	77-86	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2	Mus musculus	0-7
16251603-1	2005	The reuptake of retinol (ROH) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the kidneys is mediated by the endocytic receptor megalin, suggesting an important role for this receptor in vitamin A (VA) metabolism.	Vitamin A	16-23	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2	Mus musculus	117-124
16251603-1	2005	The reuptake of retinol (ROH) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the kidneys is mediated by the endocytic receptor megalin, suggesting an important role for this receptor in vitamin A (VA) metabolism.	Vitamin A	176-185	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	34-57
16251603-1	2005	The reuptake of retinol (ROH) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the kidneys is mediated by the endocytic receptor megalin, suggesting an important role for this receptor in vitamin A (VA) metabolism.	Vitamin A	176-185	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	59-62
16251603-1	2005	The reuptake of retinol (ROH) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the kidneys is mediated by the endocytic receptor megalin, suggesting an important role for this receptor in vitamin A (VA) metabolism.	Vitamin A	176-185	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2	Mus musculus	117-124
16251603-1	2005	The reuptake of retinol (ROH) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the kidneys is mediated by the endocytic receptor megalin, suggesting an important role for this receptor in vitamin A (VA) metabolism.	Vitamin A	187-189	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	34-57
16251603-1	2005	The reuptake of retinol (ROH) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the kidneys is mediated by the endocytic receptor megalin, suggesting an important role for this receptor in vitamin A (VA) metabolism.	Vitamin A	187-189	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	59-62
16251603-1	2005	The reuptake of retinol (ROH) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the kidneys is mediated by the endocytic receptor megalin, suggesting an important role for this receptor in vitamin A (VA) metabolism.	Vitamin A	187-189	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2	Mus musculus	117-124
16120006-7	2005	Efficient retinoid cycle leads to rapid regeneration of rhodopsin, which may result in ATR release from the opsin "exit site" before its enzymatic reduction to all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	160-177	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	56-65
15856452-10	2005	Vitamin A also prevented HLD-induced alterations and the increase in levels of COX-2 and beta-catenin.	Vitamin A	0-9	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	79-84
15856452-10	2005	Vitamin A also prevented HLD-induced alterations and the increase in levels of COX-2 and beta-catenin.	Vitamin A	0-9	catenin beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-101
16181461-2	2005	RPE65 is suspected to be involved in cellular uptake of retinol which is transported in the bloodstream complexed with plasma retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	56-63	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	0-5
16181461-2	2005	RPE65 is suspected to be involved in cellular uptake of retinol which is transported in the bloodstream complexed with plasma retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	126-133	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	0-5
16120438-0	2005	Vitamin A regulation of BMP4 expression in the male germ line.	Vitamin A	0-9	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Mus musculus	24-28
16120438-4	2005	BMP4 expression was significantly up-regulated in the testes of VAD mice and was down-regulated in freshly isolated germ cells and VAD testes by retinol, but not retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	145-152	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Mus musculus	0-4
16120438-7	2005	The observed decrease in BMP4 in response to retinol was mediated by the 1A and intron 2 promoters of the BMP4 gene.	Vitamin A	45-52	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Mus musculus	25-29
16120438-7	2005	The observed decrease in BMP4 in response to retinol was mediated by the 1A and intron 2 promoters of the BMP4 gene.	Vitamin A	45-52	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Mus musculus	106-110
16150442-7	2005	In addition to free all-trans retinol, we find that these cells can take up retinol from plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) by a mechanism that can be efficiently inhibited by blocking antibodies, suggesting that the uptake may involve a cellular receptor.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	89-119
16150442-7	2005	In addition to free all-trans retinol, we find that these cells can take up retinol from plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) by a mechanism that can be efficiently inhibited by blocking antibodies, suggesting that the uptake may involve a cellular receptor.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	121-124
16150442-8	2005	We also demonstrate that overexpression of CRBPI can drive the accumulation of intracellular retinol from unbound retinol added to the medium.	Vitamin A	93-100	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
16150442-8	2005	We also demonstrate that overexpression of CRBPI can drive the accumulation of intracellular retinol from unbound retinol added to the medium.	Vitamin A	114-121	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
16249480-15	2005	Upregulation of this hydrophilic membrane-associated mucin may be one of the important mechanisms by which vitamin A facilitates maintenance of the wet-surfaced phenotype on the ocular surface.	Vitamin A	107-116	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	53-58
15983114-1	2005	The symmetrically cleaving beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCO1) catalyzes the first step in the conversion of provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A in the mucosa of the small intestine.	Vitamin A	118-127	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	63-67
15983114-7	2005	The finding that the BCO2 enzyme was expressed in some tissues and cell types that are not sensitive to vitamin A deficiency and where no BCO1 has been detected suggests that BCO2 may also be involved in biological processes other than vitamin A synthesis.	Vitamin A	104-113	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	21-25
16115871-8	2005	Lrat-/- mice absorb dietary retinol primarily as free retinol in chylomicrons; however, retinyl esters are also present within the chylomicron fraction obtained from Lrat-/- mice.	Vitamin A	28-35	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-4
16214399-3	2005	The apparent K(m) values of recombinant DGAT1/ARAT for retinol and palmitoyl coenzyme A were determined to be 25.9+/-2.1 microM and 13.9+/-0.3 microM, respectively, both of which are similar to the values previously determined for ARAT in native tissues.	Vitamin A	55-62	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	40-45
16214399-3	2005	The apparent K(m) values of recombinant DGAT1/ARAT for retinol and palmitoyl coenzyme A were determined to be 25.9+/-2.1 microM and 13.9+/-0.3 microM, respectively, both of which are similar to the values previously determined for ARAT in native tissues.	Vitamin A	55-62	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	46-50
16214399-3	2005	The apparent K(m) values of recombinant DGAT1/ARAT for retinol and palmitoyl coenzyme A were determined to be 25.9+/-2.1 microM and 13.9+/-0.3 microM, respectively, both of which are similar to the values previously determined for ARAT in native tissues.	Vitamin A	55-62	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	231-235
16214399-4	2005	A novel selective DGAT1 inhibitor, XP620, inhibits recombinant DGAT1/ARAT at the retinol recognition site.	Vitamin A	81-88	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
16214399-4	2005	A novel selective DGAT1 inhibitor, XP620, inhibits recombinant DGAT1/ARAT at the retinol recognition site.	Vitamin A	81-88	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	63-68
16214399-4	2005	A novel selective DGAT1 inhibitor, XP620, inhibits recombinant DGAT1/ARAT at the retinol recognition site.	Vitamin A	81-88	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
16093312-0	2005	Vitamin A and immune function: retinoic acid modulates population dynamics in antigen receptor and CD38-stimulated splenic B cells.	Vitamin A	0-9	CD38 antigen	Mus musculus	99-103
16190664-0	2005	Influence of binding of sodium dodecyl sulfate, all-trans-retinol, and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate on the high-pressure-induced unfolding and aggregation of beta-lactoglobulin B.	Vitamin A	48-65	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	162-182
15994349-1	2005	Circulating retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) are found predominantly as retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), which transports retinol from liver stores to target tissues, or as retinyl ester incorporated in lipoproteins of dietary origin.	Vitamin A	81-88	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	123-126
16186334-0	2005	beta-Carotene conversion into vitamin A in human retinal pigment epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	30-39	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
16186334-2	2005	The key step in the vitamin A biosynthetic pathway is the oxidative cleavage of beta-carotene into retinal by the enzyme beta,beta-carotene-15,15"-monooxygenase (BCO).	Vitamin A	20-29	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
16186334-2	2005	The key step in the vitamin A biosynthetic pathway is the oxidative cleavage of beta-carotene into retinal by the enzyme beta,beta-carotene-15,15"-monooxygenase (BCO).	Vitamin A	20-29	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	121-160
16186334-2	2005	The key step in the vitamin A biosynthetic pathway is the oxidative cleavage of beta-carotene into retinal by the enzyme beta,beta-carotene-15,15"-monooxygenase (BCO).	Vitamin A	20-29	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	162-165
16186334-6	2005	The conversion of beta-carotene to retinoids was determined by measuring retinol levels in D407 cells on beta-carotene supplementation.	Vitamin A	73-80	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
16186334-13	2005	Furthermore, D407 cells took up beta-carotene in a time-dependent manner and converted it to retinol.	Vitamin A	93-100	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
16186334-14	2005	CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that BCO is expressed in the RPE and that beta-carotene can be metabolized into retinol.	Vitamin A	113-120	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
16194896-4	2005	Other retinoids (retinol, 9-cis-RA, and 13-cis-RA) also induced significant CYP26A1 expression in HepG2 and NB4 cells.	Vitamin A	17-24	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	76-83
16143573-1	2005	beta-Lactoglobulin (beta-LG) denatured with 6 M guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) containing a reducing agent and subsequently dialysed against phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) resulted in incomplete refolding of this protein despite the fact that the biological activity for retinol-binding was recovered to almost the same degree as that of the native molecule [Hattori, M., Ametani, A., Katakura, Y., Shimizu, M., Kaminogawa, S. J., Biol.	Vitamin A	274-281	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	0-18
16143573-1	2005	beta-Lactoglobulin (beta-LG) denatured with 6 M guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) containing a reducing agent and subsequently dialysed against phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) resulted in incomplete refolding of this protein despite the fact that the biological activity for retinol-binding was recovered to almost the same degree as that of the native molecule [Hattori, M., Ametani, A., Katakura, Y., Shimizu, M., Kaminogawa, S. J., Biol.	Vitamin A	274-281	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	20-27
16150724-1	2005	RPE65 is essential for isomerization of vitamin A to the visual chromophore.	Vitamin A	40-49	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	0-5
16150724-12	2005	These findings establish a catalytic role, in conjunction with lecithin:retinol acyltransferase, for RPE65 in synthesis of 11-cis-retinol, and its identity as the isomerohydrolase.	Vitamin A	123-137	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	101-106
16109390-5	2005	Mice absent in the three proteins CRBP I, CRABP I, and CRABP II (CI/CAI/CAII-/-) displayed significantly lower hepatic retinyl ester, retinol, and all-trans-retinoic acid levels compared to wildtype mice, whereas the liver concentrations of 9-cis-4-oxo-13,14-dihydro-retinoic acid was considerably higher.	Vitamin A	134-141	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	34-40
16109390-5	2005	Mice absent in the three proteins CRBP I, CRABP I, and CRABP II (CI/CAI/CAII-/-) displayed significantly lower hepatic retinyl ester, retinol, and all-trans-retinoic acid levels compared to wildtype mice, whereas the liver concentrations of 9-cis-4-oxo-13,14-dihydro-retinoic acid was considerably higher.	Vitamin A	134-141	cellular retinoic acid binding protein I	Mus musculus	42-49
16109390-5	2005	Mice absent in the three proteins CRBP I, CRABP I, and CRABP II (CI/CAI/CAII-/-) displayed significantly lower hepatic retinyl ester, retinol, and all-trans-retinoic acid levels compared to wildtype mice, whereas the liver concentrations of 9-cis-4-oxo-13,14-dihydro-retinoic acid was considerably higher.	Vitamin A	134-141	cellular retinoic acid binding protein II	Mus musculus	55-63
15860641-1	2005	Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) participates in the formation of retinoic acid from retinol in various organs including the gastric mucosa.	Vitamin A	80-87	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	23-26
16101150-5	2005	The torsion angle C5"-C6"-C7"-C8", determining the conformation of the RBP-beta-ionone-ring relative to the isoprene tail, is rotated by 42 degrees for RPA compared to retinol and to retinoic acid, respectively.	Vitamin A	168-175	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	71-74
16116091-4	2005	Here we show that recombinant RPE65, when expressed in QBI-293A and COS-1 cells, has robust enzymatic activity of the previous unidentified isomerohydrolase, an enzyme converting all-trans retinyl ester to 11-cis retinol in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	206-220	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	30-35
15950969-5	2005	We found that combinations of Crbp, eRoldh, Aldh1a2 or Aldh1a3, and Crabp2 were present in all vitamin A sensitive tissues examined.	Vitamin A	95-104	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
15950969-5	2005	We found that combinations of Crbp, eRoldh, Aldh1a2 or Aldh1a3, and Crabp2 were present in all vitamin A sensitive tissues examined.	Vitamin A	95-104	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2	Rattus norvegicus	44-51
15950969-5	2005	We found that combinations of Crbp, eRoldh, Aldh1a2 or Aldh1a3, and Crabp2 were present in all vitamin A sensitive tissues examined.	Vitamin A	95-104	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A3	Rattus norvegicus	55-62
15950969-5	2005	We found that combinations of Crbp, eRoldh, Aldh1a2 or Aldh1a3, and Crabp2 were present in all vitamin A sensitive tissues examined.	Vitamin A	95-104	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	68-74
16087986-3	2005	Plasmodium falciparum malaria has been found to blunt erythropoietin production, whereas vitamin A stimulates erythropoietin production in vitro.	Vitamin A	89-98	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	110-124
16087986-8	2005	Vitamin A reduced CRP (by 9.6 mg/L; P = 0.011), serum ferritin (by 18.1 microg/L; P = 0.042), and erythropoietin (by 194.7 mIU/mL; P = 0.011) concentrations and increased the reticulocyte production index (by 0.40; P = 0.041).	Vitamin A	0-9	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	18-21
16087986-8	2005	Vitamin A reduced CRP (by 9.6 mg/L; P = 0.011), serum ferritin (by 18.1 microg/L; P = 0.042), and erythropoietin (by 194.7 mIU/mL; P = 0.011) concentrations and increased the reticulocyte production index (by 0.40; P = 0.041).	Vitamin A	0-9	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	98-112
16087986-9	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to our hypothesis, vitamin A significantly decreased erythropoietin concentration.	Vitamin A	41-50	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	75-89
15956998-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: We examined whether supplementation with vitamin A and/or vitamins B, C, and E to HIV-infected women during pregnancy and lactation is related to increased concentrations of vitamins A, B12, and E in their infants during the first 6 months of life.	Vitamin A	52-61	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	197-200
15956998-6	2005	RESULTS: Maternal vitamin A supplementation increased serum retinol in the infants at 6 weeks (mean difference=0.09 micromol/l, P<0.0001) and 6 months (mean difference=0.06 micromol/l, P=0.0002), and decreased the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency, but had no impact on serum vitamins E or B12.	Vitamin A	18-27	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	294-297
15914525-13	2005	Retinol stimulated CYP17 mRNA accumulation and promoter function in PCOS but not normal theca cells.	Vitamin A	0-7	cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	19-24
15914525-15	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Differential responses to retinol and retinoids in normal and PCOS theca suggest that altered retinoic acid synthesis and action may be involved in augmented CYP17 gene expression and androgen production in PCOS.	Vitamin A	39-46	cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	171-176
16153327-12	2005	The change in serum retinol showed a significant correlation with baseline retinol (P = 0.014), RBP (P = 0.007) and weight (P = 0.029), as well as with changes in haemoglobin (P = 0.029).	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	96-99
16014418-0	2005	Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells detect light with a vitamin A-based photopigment, melanopsin.	Vitamin A	72-81	opsin 4 (melanopsin)	Mus musculus	102-112
16014418-7	2005	Rpe65-/- ipRGCs were approximately 20- to 40-fold less photosensitive than normal at both single-cell and behavioral (PLR) levels but were rescued by exogenous 9-cis-retinal (an 11-cis-retinal analog), indicating the requirement of a vitamin A-based chromophore for ipRGC photosensitivity.	Vitamin A	234-243	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	0-5
16229344-5	2005	beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase (CDO) activity in the small intestine increased in the mid-level dietary protein groups, which resulted in an increase in the content of liver retinol converted from dietary beta-carotene.	Vitamin A	176-183	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
16229344-5	2005	beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase (CDO) activity in the small intestine increased in the mid-level dietary protein groups, which resulted in an increase in the content of liver retinol converted from dietary beta-carotene.	Vitamin A	176-183	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
15834126-7	2005	Additionally, cells and tissues from DGAT1-deficient mice exhibited reduced ARAT activity, and the mice had increased levels of unesterified retinol in their livers on a high-retinol diet.	Vitamin A	141-148	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	37-42
15834126-7	2005	Additionally, cells and tissues from DGAT1-deficient mice exhibited reduced ARAT activity, and the mice had increased levels of unesterified retinol in their livers on a high-retinol diet.	Vitamin A	175-182	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Mus musculus	37-42
16180333-11	2005	In conclusion, 8-week exposure to cafeteria diets with normal and higher levels of vitamin A led to an increase of adiposity in rats, associated, only in the group fed with the higher vitamin A level cafeteria diet, with an increase of PPARgamma and RXRalpha expressions in subcutaneous adipose tissue.	Vitamin A	83-92	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	236-245
15870066-5	2005	We demonstrated that retinol bound to CRBP-III is an excellent substrate for lecithin-retinol acyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing retinyl ester formation from retinol.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 7, cellular	Mus musculus	38-46
15870066-5	2005	We demonstrated that retinol bound to CRBP-III is an excellent substrate for lecithin-retinol acyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing retinyl ester formation from retinol.	Vitamin A	21-28	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	77-109
15870066-5	2005	We demonstrated that retinol bound to CRBP-III is an excellent substrate for lecithin-retinol acyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing retinyl ester formation from retinol.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 7, cellular	Mus musculus	38-46
15870066-6	2005	Our data indicated that the diminished milk retinyl ester levels arise from impaired utilization of retinol by lecithin-retinol acyltransferase in CRBP-III(-/-) mice.	Vitamin A	100-107	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	111-143
15870066-6	2005	Our data indicated that the diminished milk retinyl ester levels arise from impaired utilization of retinol by lecithin-retinol acyltransferase in CRBP-III(-/-) mice.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 7, cellular	Mus musculus	147-155
15955940-4	2005	RESULTS: CSF retinol concentration was higher in the patient group (median 575.91 nM) vs the control group (median 63.35 nM) (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	13-20	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	9-12
15955940-7	2005	There was a correlation between CSF and serum retinol levels in patients (r = 0.82) and control subjects (r = 0.66).	Vitamin A	46-53	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	32-35
15955940-8	2005	CONCLUSION: Elevated CSF retinol concentration is associated with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), but serum retinol level is not associated with IIH.	Vitamin A	25-32	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	21-24
16175781-10	2005	Retinol levels were significantly lower among children with high C-reactive protein (P < 0.001).	Vitamin A	0-7	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	65-83
16036340-8	2005	Lower than control activities of CuZnSOD, GPx, and CAT were observed in aorta of the vitamin A- deficient group.	Vitamin A	85-94	superoxide dismutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-40
16036340-8	2005	Lower than control activities of CuZnSOD, GPx, and CAT were observed in aorta of the vitamin A- deficient group.	Vitamin A	85-94	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
16036340-9	2005	The binding activity of NF- kB was higher in vitamin A- deficient animals than controls.	Vitamin A	45-54	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-30
16036340-10	2005	In addition, NO production evaluated as nitrite concentration increased in aorta and serum, associated with a higher expression of iNOS, eNOS and COX-2 in aorta of vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	164-173	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
16036340-11	2005	The incorporation of vitamin A into the diet of vitamin A-deficient rats reverted the changes observed in TBARS level, CuZnSOD and GPx activities, nitrite concentration and also, iNOS, eNOS and COX-2 expression.	Vitamin A	21-30	superoxide dismutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-126
16036340-11	2005	The incorporation of vitamin A into the diet of vitamin A-deficient rats reverted the changes observed in TBARS level, CuZnSOD and GPx activities, nitrite concentration and also, iNOS, eNOS and COX-2 expression.	Vitamin A	21-30	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	179-183
16036340-11	2005	The incorporation of vitamin A into the diet of vitamin A-deficient rats reverted the changes observed in TBARS level, CuZnSOD and GPx activities, nitrite concentration and also, iNOS, eNOS and COX-2 expression.	Vitamin A	48-57	superoxide dismutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-126
15994349-1	2005	Circulating retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) are found predominantly as retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), which transports retinol from liver stores to target tissues, or as retinyl ester incorporated in lipoproteins of dietary origin.	Vitamin A	23-32	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	98-121
15994349-1	2005	Circulating retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) are found predominantly as retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), which transports retinol from liver stores to target tissues, or as retinyl ester incorporated in lipoproteins of dietary origin.	Vitamin A	23-32	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	123-126
15994349-1	2005	Circulating retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) are found predominantly as retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), which transports retinol from liver stores to target tissues, or as retinyl ester incorporated in lipoproteins of dietary origin.	Vitamin A	81-88	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	98-121
15994349-1	2005	Circulating retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) are found predominantly as retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), which transports retinol from liver stores to target tissues, or as retinyl ester incorporated in lipoproteins of dietary origin.	Vitamin A	98-105	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	123-126
15994349-5	2005	Our data show that retinol-RBP is the primary contributor to fetal development, whereas retinyl ester are largely responsible for accumulation of fetal retinoid stores.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	27-30
15994349-7	2005	We also show differences among developing tissues in their dependency on the embryonic retinol-RBP pathway.	Vitamin A	87-94	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	95-98
16180333-11	2005	In conclusion, 8-week exposure to cafeteria diets with normal and higher levels of vitamin A led to an increase of adiposity in rats, associated, only in the group fed with the higher vitamin A level cafeteria diet, with an increase of PPARgamma and RXRalpha expressions in subcutaneous adipose tissue.	Vitamin A	83-92	retinoid X receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	250-258
15870916-10	2005	Retinol significantly decreased (p<0.05) invasive capabilities of cells across matrigel coated invasion chambers and significantly reduced (p<0.05) PCNA, Fra-1, mutant p53 and increased Rb protein expression levels in comparison to non-retinol-treated ones when assayed using immunofluorescent staining coupled with confocal microscopy.	Vitamin A	0-7	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	154-158
15870916-10	2005	Retinol significantly decreased (p<0.05) invasive capabilities of cells across matrigel coated invasion chambers and significantly reduced (p<0.05) PCNA, Fra-1, mutant p53 and increased Rb protein expression levels in comparison to non-retinol-treated ones when assayed using immunofluorescent staining coupled with confocal microscopy.	Vitamin A	0-7	FOS like 1, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	160-165
15870916-10	2005	Retinol significantly decreased (p<0.05) invasive capabilities of cells across matrigel coated invasion chambers and significantly reduced (p<0.05) PCNA, Fra-1, mutant p53 and increased Rb protein expression levels in comparison to non-retinol-treated ones when assayed using immunofluorescent staining coupled with confocal microscopy.	Vitamin A	0-7	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	174-177
15923386-0	2005	Effects of dietary vitamin A intake on acrosin- and plasminogen-activator activity of ram spermatozoa.	Vitamin A	19-28	acrosin	Homo sapiens	39-46
15923386-2	2005	Since vitamin A can alter gene expression in various tissues, testis included, this study was undertaken to evaluate the possible effect of vitamin A intake on acrosin- and plasminogen-activator activity.	Vitamin A	140-149	acrosin	Homo sapiens	160-167
15949693-0	2005	Effects of retinoic acid administration and dietary vitamin A supplementation on leptin expression in mice: lack of correlation with changes of adipose tissue mass and food intake.	Vitamin A	52-61	leptin	Mus musculus	81-87
15949693-1	2005	Retinoic acid (RA) administration and chronic vitamin A supplementation were reported to inhibit adipose tissue leptin expression in rodents, but the impact of this effect on food intake and its relationship with changes of body adiposity was not analyzed.	Vitamin A	46-55	WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1	Mus musculus	97-104
15949693-1	2005	Retinoic acid (RA) administration and chronic vitamin A supplementation were reported to inhibit adipose tissue leptin expression in rodents, but the impact of this effect on food intake and its relationship with changes of body adiposity was not analyzed.	Vitamin A	46-55	leptin	Mus musculus	112-118
15949693-3	2005	The results show that vitamin A down-regulates leptin expression in white and brown adipose tissue and circulating leptin levels independently of changes of adipose tissue mass and, for the first time to our knowledge, that this effect does not correlate with increased food intake.	Vitamin A	22-31	leptin	Mus musculus	47-53
15949693-3	2005	The results show that vitamin A down-regulates leptin expression in white and brown adipose tissue and circulating leptin levels independently of changes of adipose tissue mass and, for the first time to our knowledge, that this effect does not correlate with increased food intake.	Vitamin A	22-31	WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1	Mus musculus	84-91
15917458-6	2005	In a genetic screen for mutations that affect the biosynthesis of rhodopsin, we identified a novel CRAL-TRIO domain protein, prolonged depolarization afterpotential is not apparent (PINTA), which binds to all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	209-222	neither inactivation nor afterpotential E	Drosophila melanogaster	66-75
15917458-6	2005	In a genetic screen for mutations that affect the biosynthesis of rhodopsin, we identified a novel CRAL-TRIO domain protein, prolonged depolarization afterpotential is not apparent (PINTA), which binds to all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	209-222	prolonged depolarization afterpotential (PDA) is not apparent	Drosophila melanogaster	182-187
15917458-7	2005	We demonstrate that PINTA functions subsequent to the production of vitamin A and is expressed and required in the retinal pigment cells.	Vitamin A	68-77	prolonged depolarization afterpotential (PDA) is not apparent	Drosophila melanogaster	20-25
15865448-7	2005	As a result, the widely expressed CRBPI, which binds all-trans-retinol with much higher affinity than all-trans-retinaldehyde, restricts the oxidation of all-trans-retinol by RDH12, but has little effect on the reduction of all-trans-retinaldehyde, and CRALBP inhibits the reduction of 11-cis-retinal stronger than the oxidation of 11-cis-retinol, in accord with its higher affinity for 11-cis-retinal.	Vitamin A	62-70	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
15755727-2	2005	Photoreceptor-specific retinol dehydrogenase (prRDH) catalyzes reduction of all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol and is thought to be a key enzyme in the retinoid cycle.	Vitamin A	97-114	retinol dehydrogenase 8	Mus musculus	0-44
15755727-2	2005	Photoreceptor-specific retinol dehydrogenase (prRDH) catalyzes reduction of all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol and is thought to be a key enzyme in the retinoid cycle.	Vitamin A	97-114	retinol dehydrogenase 8	Mus musculus	46-51
15865448-7	2005	As a result, the widely expressed CRBPI, which binds all-trans-retinol with much higher affinity than all-trans-retinaldehyde, restricts the oxidation of all-trans-retinol by RDH12, but has little effect on the reduction of all-trans-retinaldehyde, and CRALBP inhibits the reduction of 11-cis-retinal stronger than the oxidation of 11-cis-retinol, in accord with its higher affinity for 11-cis-retinal.	Vitamin A	332-346	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
15883426-4	2005	RESULTS: For serum retinol--after adjustment for sex, age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, oral contraceptive use, and serum albumin, triacylglycerol, and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations--additive genetic effects and shared common environment contributed 30.5% and 14.2% of the total variance, respectively.	Vitamin A	19-26	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	161-179
15951260-4	2005	Results showed that 96 children (36.6%) presented a vitamin A deficiency (vitamin A < 200 microg/L with a retinol binding protein/transthyretin molar ratio = 0.29 +/- 0.06) while 166 (63.3%) children presented normal blood concentrations of vitamin A (vitamin A > or = 200 microg/L with a Retinol Binding Protein/Transthyretin molar ratio = 0.40 +/- 0.08).	Vitamin A	74-83	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	133-146
15951260-4	2005	Results showed that 96 children (36.6%) presented a vitamin A deficiency (vitamin A < 200 microg/L with a retinol binding protein/transthyretin molar ratio = 0.29 +/- 0.06) while 166 (63.3%) children presented normal blood concentrations of vitamin A (vitamin A > or = 200 microg/L with a Retinol Binding Protein/Transthyretin molar ratio = 0.40 +/- 0.08).	Vitamin A	74-83	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	133-146
15854218-12	2005	The influence of retinol levels on these fatty acids might be due to an induction of delta 9 desaturase.	Vitamin A	17-24	fatty acid desaturase 3	Homo sapiens	85-103
15829672-1	2005	Studies in vitro show important interactions among vitamin A, lactoferrin, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding proteins (IGFBP) and, thus, the IGF system.	Vitamin A	51-60	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Bos taurus	130-135
15955940-0	2005	Serum and CSF vitamin A concentrations in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.	Vitamin A	14-23	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	10-13
15829672-6	2005	Plasma IGFBP-3 concentrations were positively correlated with plasma retinol concentrations (r = 0.51), but there were no group differences.	Vitamin A	69-76	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Bos taurus	7-14
15728703-0	2005	Inhibitory effects of vitamin A on TCDD-induced cytochrome P-450 1A1 enzyme activity and expression.	Vitamin A	22-31	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	48-68
15728703-2	2005	Several studies indicated that concurrent supplementation of vitamin A could reduce the toxicity, and potentially inhibit CYP1A1 activity (measured as ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase [EROD] activity).	Vitamin A	61-70	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	122-128
15728703-9	2005	EROD activities, CYP1A1 expression, and AhR mRNA expression in vitamin A + TCDD-treated mice were lower than those in TCDD-treated mice, indicating that supplementation of vitamin A might attenuate the liver damage caused by TCDD.	Vitamin A	63-72	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	40-43
15728703-9	2005	EROD activities, CYP1A1 expression, and AhR mRNA expression in vitamin A + TCDD-treated mice were lower than those in TCDD-treated mice, indicating that supplementation of vitamin A might attenuate the liver damage caused by TCDD.	Vitamin A	172-181	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	17-23
15728703-9	2005	EROD activities, CYP1A1 expression, and AhR mRNA expression in vitamin A + TCDD-treated mice were lower than those in TCDD-treated mice, indicating that supplementation of vitamin A might attenuate the liver damage caused by TCDD.	Vitamin A	172-181	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	40-43
16111041-1	2005	OBJECTIVE: To study the combination effects of vitamin A (Vit.	Vitamin A	47-56	vitrin	Homo sapiens	58-61
15826078-0	2005	Influence of binding of sodium dodecyl sulfate, all-trans-retinol, palmitate, and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate on the heat-induced unfolding and aggregation of beta-lactoglobulin B.	Vitamin A	48-65	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	164-184
15826155-1	2005	We have calculated proton chemical shift perturbations (CSPs) of retinol in the cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) through the use of a recently developed computational approach (Wang et al.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	80-112
15826155-1	2005	We have calculated proton chemical shift perturbations (CSPs) of retinol in the cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) through the use of a recently developed computational approach (Wang et al.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	114-118
15790515-2	2005	We have shown previously that retinoic acids, the Vitamin A derivatives, promote both apoptosis of neglected thymocytes and the activation-induced cell death of peripheral T-cells via ligating the nuclear retinoid receptor (RAR) gamma.	Vitamin A	50-59	retinoic acid receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	205-234
15736167-3	2005	In vitamin A-deficient quails, which lack endogenous retinoic acid, Tbx1 expression patterns were disrupted early in development and expression was subsequently lost in all tissues.	Vitamin A	3-12	T-box 1	Mus musculus	68-72
15981093-9	2005	Vitamin A derivative, 9-cis retinal, increased TNF-alpha and IL-4 production in cultured mononuclear cells obtained from control and CVID patients.	Vitamin A	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	47-56
15981093-9	2005	Vitamin A derivative, 9-cis retinal, increased TNF-alpha and IL-4 production in cultured mononuclear cells obtained from control and CVID patients.	Vitamin A	0-9	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	61-65
15981093-10	2005	Vitamin A derivative, also, increased IL-2 and Il-4 production in cultured mononuclear cells obtained from CVID patients.	Vitamin A	0-9	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	38-42
15981093-10	2005	Vitamin A derivative, also, increased IL-2 and Il-4 production in cultured mononuclear cells obtained from CVID patients.	Vitamin A	0-9	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	47-51
15852274-9	2005	When vitamin A was administered at E9.5, the authors observed similar effect on lung hypoplasia measured through ratio of lung to body weight at E18 in the nitrofen and CDH groups (nitrofen 1.92% +/- 0.05%, CDH 1.92% +/- 0.04%), whereas lung hypoplasia was attenuated relative to baseline (2.45% +/- 0.05%) in 5% and 4% in nitrofen (nitr+vitA 2.05% +/- 0.03%) and CDH (CDH+vitA 2.08% +/- 0.04%) groups, respectively.	Vitamin A	5-14	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	207-212
15634683-9	2005	Taken together, these results suggest that RDH11 has a measurable role in regenerating the visual pigment by complementing RDH5 as an 11-cis-RDH in RPE cells, and indicate that an additional unidentified enzyme(s) oxidizes 11-cis-retinol or that an alternative pathway contributes to the retinoid cycle.	Vitamin A	223-237	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Mus musculus	43-48
15734096-5	2005	The results obtained showed a significantly lower concentrations of soluble APO-1/Fas antigen in supernatants from cell lines incubated with retinol for 24 h than in the controls.	Vitamin A	141-148	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	76-81
15734096-5	2005	The results obtained showed a significantly lower concentrations of soluble APO-1/Fas antigen in supernatants from cell lines incubated with retinol for 24 h than in the controls.	Vitamin A	141-148	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	82-93
15734096-6	2005	CONCLUSIONS: The higher concentrations of soluble APO-1/Fas antigen in supernatants from the HeLa cell line without retinol may constitute a protective mechanism of the cells infected with the virus before undergoing Fas/FasL-dependent apoptosis.	Vitamin A	116-123	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	50-55
15734096-7	2005	Lower concentrations of sAPO-1/Fas antigen in the supernatant from HeLa cell culture incubated with retinol may suggest that mechanisms protecting infected cells against Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis become defective under the influence of retinol.	Vitamin A	100-107	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	31-42
15734096-7	2005	Lower concentrations of sAPO-1/Fas antigen in the supernatant from HeLa cell culture incubated with retinol may suggest that mechanisms protecting infected cells against Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis become defective under the influence of retinol.	Vitamin A	100-107	Fas ligand	Homo sapiens	174-178
15734096-7	2005	Lower concentrations of sAPO-1/Fas antigen in the supernatant from HeLa cell culture incubated with retinol may suggest that mechanisms protecting infected cells against Fas/FasL-mediated apoptosis become defective under the influence of retinol.	Vitamin A	238-245	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	31-42
15767769-11	2005	Both treated and control groups showed the same distribution pattern of type I procollagen, however, the high level of type III procollagen originally observed in photoaged skin was reduced in the retinol- and vitamin C-treated group, resulting in a lower type III-to-type I procollagen ratio.	Vitamin A	197-204	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	72-90
15767769-11	2005	Both treated and control groups showed the same distribution pattern of type I procollagen, however, the high level of type III procollagen originally observed in photoaged skin was reduced in the retinol- and vitamin C-treated group, resulting in a lower type III-to-type I procollagen ratio.	Vitamin A	197-204	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	268-286
15536085-8	2005	We also show an inverse relationship between the immunoreactivity in heated beta-LG and its binding to retinol or palmitic acid.	Vitamin A	103-110	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	76-83
15536085-10	2005	Taken together, we concluded that strand D of beta-LG participated in the thermal denaturation between 70 and 80 degrees C and the binding to retinol and palmitic acid.	Vitamin A	142-149	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	46-53
15725648-3	2005	In this study, we found that administration of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or retinol to VAD rats down-regulates the testicular mRNA levels of the cAMP responsive element modulator (CREM), an essential transcription factor for spermatogenesis.	Vitamin A	81-88	cAMP responsive element modulator	Rattus norvegicus	150-183
15865448-7	2005	As a result, the widely expressed CRBPI, which binds all-trans-retinol with much higher affinity than all-trans-retinaldehyde, restricts the oxidation of all-trans-retinol by RDH12, but has little effect on the reduction of all-trans-retinaldehyde, and CRALBP inhibits the reduction of 11-cis-retinal stronger than the oxidation of 11-cis-retinol, in accord with its higher affinity for 11-cis-retinal.	Vitamin A	56-70	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
15736054-0	2005	Impairment of thrombospondin-1 expression during epithelial wound healing in corneas of vitamin A-deficient mice.	Vitamin A	88-97	thrombospondin 1	Mus musculus	14-30
15736054-1	2005	The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein, during re-epithelialization in wounded corneas of vitamin A-deficient mice.	Vitamin A	186-195	thrombospondin 1	Mus musculus	62-78
15736054-1	2005	The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein, during re-epithelialization in wounded corneas of vitamin A-deficient mice.	Vitamin A	186-195	thrombospondin 1	Mus musculus	80-85
15736054-6	2005	TSP-1 was detectable neither in the unwounded corneal epithelium of normal mice nor in that of vitamin A-deficient mice.	Vitamin A	95-104	thrombospondin 1	Mus musculus	0-5
15736054-10	2005	These findings suggest that vitamin A may modulate the expression of TSP-1 in the corneas to accelerate the re-epithelialization of wounded corneas.	Vitamin A	28-37	thrombospondin 1	Mus musculus	69-74
15722110-9	2005	Mice with a mutation in the Rpe65 gene contain substantial levels of retinol and retinyl esters in the RPE, but little if any retinaldehydes in either the RPE or retina.	Vitamin A	69-76	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	28-33
15626704-1	2005	The first step in the Visual Cycle, the series of reactions that regenerate the vertebrate visual pigment rhodopsin, is the reduction of all-trans retinal to all-trans retinol, a reaction that requires NADPH.	Vitamin A	168-175	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	106-115
15309428-9	2005	Dietary fiber and vitamin A were positively related to IGF-I (p = 0.004 and 0.03), zinc with IGFB-3 (p = 0.0008), and iron with the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio (p = 0.048), but the differences between the bottom and top quartile were less than 10%.	Vitamin A	18-27	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
15309428-9	2005	Dietary fiber and vitamin A were positively related to IGF-I (p = 0.004 and 0.03), zinc with IGFB-3 (p = 0.0008), and iron with the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio (p = 0.048), but the differences between the bottom and top quartile were less than 10%.	Vitamin A	18-27	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	132-137
15309428-9	2005	Dietary fiber and vitamin A were positively related to IGF-I (p = 0.004 and 0.03), zinc with IGFB-3 (p = 0.0008), and iron with the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio (p = 0.048), but the differences between the bottom and top quartile were less than 10%.	Vitamin A	18-27	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	138-145
15738241-9	2005	Addition of vitamin A to F affected concentrations of vitamin A from d 2 to 5; hemoglobin and triglycerides on d 3; and tended to influence IGFBP-3 levels on d 5.	Vitamin A	12-21	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Bos taurus	140-147
15738241-14	2005	Addition of vitamin A influenced concentrations of vitamin A, hemoglobin, and triglycerides and tended to affect IGFBP-3 levels.	Vitamin A	12-21	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Bos taurus	113-120
15825812-1	2005	A protein called RPE65 performs a key role in the trans-cis isomerization of retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of the eye.	Vitamin A	77-84	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	17-22
15685554-8	2005	Slight down-regulation of connexin 43 is observed in response to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	65-74	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-37
15671217-5	2005	In multiple linear regression models adjusting for age, parity, education, BMI, and days postpartum, plasma retinol concentrations were associated with plasma AGP and CRP concentrations (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.01, respectively), whereas breast milk retinol concentrations were unaffected by plasma AGP and CRP concentrations (P = 0.22 and P = 0.86, respectively).	Vitamin A	108-115	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	167-170
15671217-5	2005	In multiple linear regression models adjusting for age, parity, education, BMI, and days postpartum, plasma retinol concentrations were associated with plasma AGP and CRP concentrations (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.01, respectively), whereas breast milk retinol concentrations were unaffected by plasma AGP and CRP concentrations (P = 0.22 and P = 0.86, respectively).	Vitamin A	108-115	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	307-310
15591039-1	2005	Vitamin A and the T helper 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 play important roles in the induction of mucin gene expression and mucus hypersecretion.	Vitamin A	0-9	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	95-100
15602753-11	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Because the ADH1C gene is involved in the metabolic pathways of many alcohols, we propose several hypotheses about the causal pathway, including ethanol oxidation activity and, more probably, retinol oxidation.	Vitamin A	205-212	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	25-30
15632377-2	2005	Cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBP-I) functions in retinol storage and its expression is lower in human cancers than in normal cells.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	36-42
15632377-3	2005	We hypothesized that retinol storage might be linked to RAR activation and thus that lowered CRBP-I function might impair RAR activity and cell differentiation.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	56-59
15632377-3	2005	We hypothesized that retinol storage might be linked to RAR activation and thus that lowered CRBP-I function might impair RAR activity and cell differentiation.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	93-99
15632377-8	2005	RESULTS: In cells expressing wild-type CRBP-I but not the CRBP-I mutants, CRBP-I was found mainly in lipid droplets, the retinol storage organelle, and this localization was associated with promotion of retinol storage by wild-type CRBP-I only.	Vitamin A	121-128	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	39-45
15632377-8	2005	RESULTS: In cells expressing wild-type CRBP-I but not the CRBP-I mutants, CRBP-I was found mainly in lipid droplets, the retinol storage organelle, and this localization was associated with promotion of retinol storage by wild-type CRBP-I only.	Vitamin A	203-210	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	39-45
15632377-12	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Physiologic RAR activation is dependent on CRBP-I-mediated retinol storage, and CRBP-I downregulation chronically compromises RAR activity, leading to loss of cell differentiation and tumor progression.	Vitamin A	72-79	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	25-28
15632377-12	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Physiologic RAR activation is dependent on CRBP-I-mediated retinol storage, and CRBP-I downregulation chronically compromises RAR activity, leading to loss of cell differentiation and tumor progression.	Vitamin A	72-79	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	56-62
15447937-8	2005	In addition, vitamin A, which is known to enhance alveolar development, elevated FGF-18 and elastin expressions in day 2 lungs, thus advancing the biological increase.	Vitamin A	13-22	fibroblast growth factor 18	Rattus norvegicus	81-87
15447937-8	2005	In addition, vitamin A, which is known to enhance alveolar development, elevated FGF-18 and elastin expressions in day 2 lungs, thus advancing the biological increase.	Vitamin A	13-22	elastin	Rattus norvegicus	92-99
16026305-4	2005	Retinoic acids (RA) are biologically active metabolites of vitamin A that regulate growth and differentiation of many cell types, by binding to specific nuclear receptors: the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR).	Vitamin A	59-68	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	214-234
16026305-4	2005	Retinoic acids (RA) are biologically active metabolites of vitamin A that regulate growth and differentiation of many cell types, by binding to specific nuclear receptors: the retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR).	Vitamin A	59-68	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	236-239
15654843-3	2005	In zebrafish, targeted gene knockdown of beta,beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (bcox), the key enzyme for vitamin A formation, provokes a loss of retinoid signalling during early eye development that results in microphthalmia at larval stages.	Vitamin A	104-113	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Danio rerio	41-76
15654843-3	2005	In zebrafish, targeted gene knockdown of beta,beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (bcox), the key enzyme for vitamin A formation, provokes a loss of retinoid signalling during early eye development that results in microphthalmia at larval stages.	Vitamin A	104-113	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Danio rerio	78-82
15652522-0	2005	Vitamin A up-regulates the expression of thrombospondin-1 and pigment epithelium-derived factor in retinal pigment epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	0-9	thrombospondin 1	Mus musculus	41-57
15652522-0	2005	Vitamin A up-regulates the expression of thrombospondin-1 and pigment epithelium-derived factor in retinal pigment epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	0-9	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade F, member 1	Mus musculus	62-95
15652522-6	2005	In vitamin A-deficient mice, the expression of TSP-1 and PEDF in the RPE layer considerably decreased compared with that of normal control mice.	Vitamin A	3-12	thrombospondin 1	Mus musculus	47-52
15652522-6	2005	In vitamin A-deficient mice, the expression of TSP-1 and PEDF in the RPE layer considerably decreased compared with that of normal control mice.	Vitamin A	3-12	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade F, member 1	Mus musculus	57-61
15652522-8	2005	These findings suggest that vitamin A modulates the structure and anti-angiogenic functions of the RPE layer partly by up-regulating the expression of the angiogenesis-related ECM protein, TSP-1, and the anti-angiogenic factor, PEDF.	Vitamin A	28-37	thrombospondin 1	Mus musculus	189-194
15652522-8	2005	These findings suggest that vitamin A modulates the structure and anti-angiogenic functions of the RPE layer partly by up-regulating the expression of the angiogenesis-related ECM protein, TSP-1, and the anti-angiogenic factor, PEDF.	Vitamin A	28-37	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade F, member 1	Mus musculus	228-232
15959631-2	2005	Combined administration of POH and vitamin A induced a sharp decrease in FTase alpha protein after 96 h, suggesting an involvement not only of farnesyltransferases but also of geranylgeranyltransferases, which share the FTase alpha protein.	Vitamin A	35-44	farnesyltransferase, CAAX box, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	73-84
15959631-2	2005	Combined administration of POH and vitamin A induced a sharp decrease in FTase alpha protein after 96 h, suggesting an involvement not only of farnesyltransferases but also of geranylgeranyltransferases, which share the FTase alpha protein.	Vitamin A	35-44	farnesyltransferase, CAAX box, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	220-231
15959631-4	2005	POH plus vitamin A, in contrast with POH or vitamin A alone, induced a decrease in RhoB protein, probably because of different cleavages.	Vitamin A	9-18	ras homolog family member B	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
16292751-5	2005	In TCDD + vitamin A mice, the all-trans retinol content was significantly higher, and the retinal oxidase mRNA was significantly lower on day 3 or 7 in Experiment I and on day 14 in Experiment II, compared to TCDD-treated mice.	Vitamin A	10-19	aldehyde oxidase 4	Mus musculus	90-105
16292751-6	2005	The induction of the retinal oxidase may contribute to the decrease in hepatic all-trans-retinol level and the increase in hepatic all-trans-RA caused by TCDD.	Vitamin A	82-96	aldehyde oxidase 4	Mus musculus	21-36
15959631-4	2005	POH plus vitamin A, in contrast with POH or vitamin A alone, induced a decrease in RhoB protein, probably because of different cleavages.	Vitamin A	44-53	ras homolog family member B	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
16292751-7	2005	Supplemental vitamin A might decelerate the effect of TCDD on retinal oxidase mRNA.	Vitamin A	13-22	aldehyde oxidase 4	Mus musculus	62-77
15959631-6	2005	Vitamin A alone increased RhoB m-RNA and protein expression.	Vitamin A	0-9	ras homolog family member B	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
15959631-7	2005	As one of the functions of RhoB is cell polarisation, these data support our previous hypothesis of a polarised transport of vitamin A from hepatocytes to hepatic stellate cells.	Vitamin A	125-134	ras homolog family member B	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
15588697-0	2004	Interactions amongst plasma retinol-binding protein, transthyretin and their ligands: implications in vitamin A homeostasis and transthyretin amyloidosis.	Vitamin A	102-111	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	28-51
15795517-1	2005	All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), a vitamin A derivative, was reported to suppress the interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and to downregulate the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and/or its signal transducer glycoprotein 130.	Vitamin A	34-43	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	85-98
15795517-1	2005	All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), a vitamin A derivative, was reported to suppress the interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and to downregulate the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) and/or its signal transducer glycoprotein 130.	Vitamin A	34-43	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	100-104
15588697-0	2004	Interactions amongst plasma retinol-binding protein, transthyretin and their ligands: implications in vitamin A homeostasis and transthyretin amyloidosis.	Vitamin A	102-111	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	53-66
15588697-1	2004	Retinol transport complex consisting of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) is involved in the transport of retinol (vitamin A) and thyroxine (T(4)) in the human plasma.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	40-63
15588697-1	2004	Retinol transport complex consisting of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) is involved in the transport of retinol (vitamin A) and thyroxine (T(4)) in the human plasma.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	65-68
15588697-1	2004	Retinol transport complex consisting of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) is involved in the transport of retinol (vitamin A) and thyroxine (T(4)) in the human plasma.	Vitamin A	0-7	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	74-87
15588697-1	2004	Retinol transport complex consisting of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) is involved in the transport of retinol (vitamin A) and thyroxine (T(4)) in the human plasma.	Vitamin A	0-7	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	89-92
15588697-1	2004	Retinol transport complex consisting of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) is involved in the transport of retinol (vitamin A) and thyroxine (T(4)) in the human plasma.	Vitamin A	40-47	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	65-68
15588697-1	2004	Retinol transport complex consisting of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) is involved in the transport of retinol (vitamin A) and thyroxine (T(4)) in the human plasma.	Vitamin A	40-47	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	89-92
15588697-1	2004	Retinol transport complex consisting of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) is involved in the transport of retinol (vitamin A) and thyroxine (T(4)) in the human plasma.	Vitamin A	135-144	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	40-63
15588697-1	2004	Retinol transport complex consisting of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) is involved in the transport of retinol (vitamin A) and thyroxine (T(4)) in the human plasma.	Vitamin A	135-144	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	65-68
15588697-1	2004	Retinol transport complex consisting of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) is involved in the transport of retinol (vitamin A) and thyroxine (T(4)) in the human plasma.	Vitamin A	135-144	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	74-87
15588697-1	2004	Retinol transport complex consisting of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) is involved in the transport of retinol (vitamin A) and thyroxine (T(4)) in the human plasma.	Vitamin A	135-144	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	89-92
15588697-2	2004	RBP is a 21-kDa single polypeptide chain protein, synthesized in the liver, which binds and transports retinol to the target organs.	Vitamin A	103-110	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
15588697-9	2004	Thus, interactions amongst multiple components of retinol transport play critical roles in vitamin A homeostasis and TTR amyloidosis.	Vitamin A	50-57	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	117-120
15309450-4	2004	Carotenoids and retinol revealed a 5-6 fold reporter gene activity in HepG2 cells in comparison to a 7-fold induction by the well-known PXR agonist rifampicin, whereas apo-carotenals and lycopene exerted less or no activation potential.	Vitamin A	16-23	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	136-139
15309450-6	2004	In addition, carotenoid- or retinol-mediated gene expression of PXR-responsive genes like CYP3A4/CYP3A7, CYP3A5, MDR-1 and MRP-2 has been determined in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR with up-regulative properties of beta-carotene or retinol being comparable to or even higher than that of rifampicin.	Vitamin A	28-35	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	64-67
15309450-6	2004	In addition, carotenoid- or retinol-mediated gene expression of PXR-responsive genes like CYP3A4/CYP3A7, CYP3A5, MDR-1 and MRP-2 has been determined in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR with up-regulative properties of beta-carotene or retinol being comparable to or even higher than that of rifampicin.	Vitamin A	28-35	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	90-96
15309450-6	2004	In addition, carotenoid- or retinol-mediated gene expression of PXR-responsive genes like CYP3A4/CYP3A7, CYP3A5, MDR-1 and MRP-2 has been determined in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR with up-regulative properties of beta-carotene or retinol being comparable to or even higher than that of rifampicin.	Vitamin A	28-35	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 7	Homo sapiens	97-103
15548944-3	2004	We found a significant inverse association between vitamin A intake and CMM risk.	Vitamin A	51-60	dysplastic nevus syndrome	Homo sapiens	72-75
15309450-6	2004	In addition, carotenoid- or retinol-mediated gene expression of PXR-responsive genes like CYP3A4/CYP3A7, CYP3A5, MDR-1 and MRP-2 has been determined in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR with up-regulative properties of beta-carotene or retinol being comparable to or even higher than that of rifampicin.	Vitamin A	28-35	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	105-111
15309450-6	2004	In addition, carotenoid- or retinol-mediated gene expression of PXR-responsive genes like CYP3A4/CYP3A7, CYP3A5, MDR-1 and MRP-2 has been determined in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR with up-regulative properties of beta-carotene or retinol being comparable to or even higher than that of rifampicin.	Vitamin A	28-35	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
15309450-6	2004	In addition, carotenoid- or retinol-mediated gene expression of PXR-responsive genes like CYP3A4/CYP3A7, CYP3A5, MDR-1 and MRP-2 has been determined in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR with up-regulative properties of beta-carotene or retinol being comparable to or even higher than that of rifampicin.	Vitamin A	28-35	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 2	Homo sapiens	123-128
15523112-6	2004	They found that vitamin A-depleted rbp-/- mice exhibit either normal photoentrainment or become diurnal.	Vitamin A	16-25	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	35-38
15523112-7	2004	In contrast, while vitamin A-replete rbp-/-cry1-/-cry2-/- mice are light responsive (with reduced sensitivity), vitamin A-depleted rbp-/-cry1-/-cry2-/- mice, which presumably lack functional opsins and cryptochromes, lose most behavioral and molecular responses to light.	Vitamin A	19-28	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	37-40
15523112-7	2004	In contrast, while vitamin A-replete rbp-/-cry1-/-cry2-/- mice are light responsive (with reduced sensitivity), vitamin A-depleted rbp-/-cry1-/-cry2-/- mice, which presumably lack functional opsins and cryptochromes, lose most behavioral and molecular responses to light.	Vitamin A	112-121	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	131-134
15523112-7	2004	In contrast, while vitamin A-replete rbp-/-cry1-/-cry2-/- mice are light responsive (with reduced sensitivity), vitamin A-depleted rbp-/-cry1-/-cry2-/- mice, which presumably lack functional opsins and cryptochromes, lose most behavioral and molecular responses to light.	Vitamin A	112-121	cryptochrome 1 (photolyase-like)	Mus musculus	137-141
15566521-12	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Hydrodynamic-based in vivo transfection of the RXR-alpha gene can enhance the vitamin A-induced attenuation of liver fibrosis in mice.	Vitamin A	91-100	retinoid X receptor alpha	Mus musculus	60-69
15358783-6	2004	Instead, the CRTISO-related mouse enzyme is a retinol saturase carrying out the saturation of the 13-14 double bond of all-trans-retinol to produce all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol.	Vitamin A	119-136	retinol saturase (all trans retinol 13,14 reductase)	Mus musculus	46-62
15358783-7	2004	The product of mouse retinol saturase (RetSat) has a shifted UV absorbance maximum, lambda(max) = 290 nm, compared with the parent compound, all-trans-retinol (lambda(max) = 325 nm), and its MS analysis (m/z = 288) indicates saturation of a double bond.	Vitamin A	141-158	retinol saturase (all trans retinol 13,14 reductase)	Mus musculus	21-37
15358783-7	2004	The product of mouse retinol saturase (RetSat) has a shifted UV absorbance maximum, lambda(max) = 290 nm, compared with the parent compound, all-trans-retinol (lambda(max) = 325 nm), and its MS analysis (m/z = 288) indicates saturation of a double bond.	Vitamin A	141-158	retinol saturase (all trans retinol 13,14 reductase)	Mus musculus	39-45
15358783-11	2004	Thus, saturation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol by RetSat produces a new metabolite of yet unknown biological function.	Vitamin A	20-37	retinol saturase (all trans retinol 13,14 reductase)	Mus musculus	75-81
15376324-5	2004	NEDD9 expression is also perturbed in vitamin A-deficient embryos.	Vitamin A	38-47	neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 9	Homo sapiens	0-5
15544481-9	2004	Antioxidants including vitamin A (retinoids), vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (tocopherols) show promise for reversal of PKC activation.	Vitamin A	23-32	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	129-132
15162133-6	2004	Vitamin-A deficient infants had significantly reduced ex vivo production of IFN-gamma, but also significantly higher circulating neopterin concentrations.	Vitamin A	0-9	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	76-85
15500655-1	2004	AIMS: Cellular retinol-binding protein-1 (CRBP-1) contributes to the maintenance of the differentiated state of the endometrium through retinol bioavailability regulation.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	42-48
15309450-6	2004	In addition, carotenoid- or retinol-mediated gene expression of PXR-responsive genes like CYP3A4/CYP3A7, CYP3A5, MDR-1 and MRP-2 has been determined in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR with up-regulative properties of beta-carotene or retinol being comparable to or even higher than that of rifampicin.	Vitamin A	224-231	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	64-67
15309450-6	2004	In addition, carotenoid- or retinol-mediated gene expression of PXR-responsive genes like CYP3A4/CYP3A7, CYP3A5, MDR-1 and MRP-2 has been determined in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR with up-regulative properties of beta-carotene or retinol being comparable to or even higher than that of rifampicin.	Vitamin A	224-231	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	90-96
15309450-6	2004	In addition, carotenoid- or retinol-mediated gene expression of PXR-responsive genes like CYP3A4/CYP3A7, CYP3A5, MDR-1 and MRP-2 has been determined in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR with up-regulative properties of beta-carotene or retinol being comparable to or even higher than that of rifampicin.	Vitamin A	224-231	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	105-111
15309450-6	2004	In addition, carotenoid- or retinol-mediated gene expression of PXR-responsive genes like CYP3A4/CYP3A7, CYP3A5, MDR-1 and MRP-2 has been determined in HepG2 cells by RT-PCR with up-regulative properties of beta-carotene or retinol being comparable to or even higher than that of rifampicin.	Vitamin A	224-231	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
15474300-1	2004	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the synthesis of retinyl esters in many tissues and is crucial for the transport and intracellular storage of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	160-169	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-32
15474300-1	2004	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the synthesis of retinyl esters in many tissues and is crucial for the transport and intracellular storage of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	160-169	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
15193143-5	2004	During vitamin A deficiency, the additional loss of Adh1 completely prevented the excessive loss of liver retinyl esters observed in Crbp1-/- mice for the first 5 weeks of deficiency and greatly minimized this loss for up to 13 weeks.	Vitamin A	7-16	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	52-56
15193143-7	2004	Our findings suggest that opposing actions of CRBP1 and ADH1 enable a large fraction of liver retinol to remain esterified due to CRBP1 action, while continuously allowing some retinol to be oxidized to retinoic acid by ADH1 for degradative retinoid turnover under any dietary vitamin A conditions.	Vitamin A	94-101	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	56-60
15193143-7	2004	Our findings suggest that opposing actions of CRBP1 and ADH1 enable a large fraction of liver retinol to remain esterified due to CRBP1 action, while continuously allowing some retinol to be oxidized to retinoic acid by ADH1 for degradative retinoid turnover under any dietary vitamin A conditions.	Vitamin A	177-184	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	56-60
15193143-7	2004	Our findings suggest that opposing actions of CRBP1 and ADH1 enable a large fraction of liver retinol to remain esterified due to CRBP1 action, while continuously allowing some retinol to be oxidized to retinoic acid by ADH1 for degradative retinoid turnover under any dietary vitamin A conditions.	Vitamin A	277-286	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	56-60
15193143-7	2004	Our findings suggest that opposing actions of CRBP1 and ADH1 enable a large fraction of liver retinol to remain esterified due to CRBP1 action, while continuously allowing some retinol to be oxidized to retinoic acid by ADH1 for degradative retinoid turnover under any dietary vitamin A conditions.	Vitamin A	277-286	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	220-224
15309444-6	2004	Serum and liver retinol levels were lower in VAD rats (by 85 % and 99%, respectively) and higher in the VASUP group (by 126 % and 160%, respectively) compared to the VAS group (P < 0.01).	Vitamin A	16-23	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
15646024-0	2004	Retinoic acid administration and vitamin A status modulate retinoid X receptor alpha and retinoic acid receptor alpha levels in mouse brown adipose tissue.	Vitamin A	33-42	retinoid X receptor alpha	Mus musculus	59-84
15646024-0	2004	Retinoic acid administration and vitamin A status modulate retinoid X receptor alpha and retinoic acid receptor alpha levels in mouse brown adipose tissue.	Vitamin A	33-42	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	89-117
15646024-1	2004	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Retinoic acid (RA), the carboxylic acid form of vitamin A, through the activation of cognate receptors, stimulates the transcription of the gene encoding uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is critical to brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis.	Vitamin A	65-74	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	171-191
15646024-1	2004	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Retinoic acid (RA), the carboxylic acid form of vitamin A, through the activation of cognate receptors, stimulates the transcription of the gene encoding uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which is critical to brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis.	Vitamin A	65-74	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	193-197
15485630-2	2004	Here, we show that the vitamin A (retinol) metabolite, retinoic acid, enhances the expression of alpha4beta7 and CCR9 on T cells upon activation and imprints them with the gut tropism.	Vitamin A	23-32	C-C motif chemokine receptor 9	Homo sapiens	113-117
15485630-2	2004	Here, we show that the vitamin A (retinol) metabolite, retinoic acid, enhances the expression of alpha4beta7 and CCR9 on T cells upon activation and imprints them with the gut tropism.	Vitamin A	34-41	C-C motif chemokine receptor 9	Homo sapiens	113-117
15465762-5	2004	Cultures of bone marrow cells from mice stimulated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in medium with reduced serum retinol demonstrated significantly decreased DC development compared with control cultures containing retinol.	Vitamin A	143-150	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	56-104
15465762-5	2004	Cultures of bone marrow cells from mice stimulated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in medium with reduced serum retinol demonstrated significantly decreased DC development compared with control cultures containing retinol.	Vitamin A	143-150	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	106-112
15465762-5	2004	Cultures of bone marrow cells from mice stimulated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in medium with reduced serum retinol demonstrated significantly decreased DC development compared with control cultures containing retinol.	Vitamin A	245-252	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	56-104
15465762-5	2004	Cultures of bone marrow cells from mice stimulated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in medium with reduced serum retinol demonstrated significantly decreased DC development compared with control cultures containing retinol.	Vitamin A	245-252	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	106-112
15465762-6	2004	Surprisingly, granulocytes predominated in cultures stimulated with GM-CSF when retinol was depleted.	Vitamin A	80-87	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	68-74
15465762-8	2004	The DC-promoting effect of vitamin A was specific to myeloid lineage development stimulated by GM-CSF because vitamin A significantly inhibited DC development stimulated by flt-3 ligand.	Vitamin A	27-36	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	95-101
15465762-8	2004	The DC-promoting effect of vitamin A was specific to myeloid lineage development stimulated by GM-CSF because vitamin A significantly inhibited DC development stimulated by flt-3 ligand.	Vitamin A	27-36	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand	Mus musculus	173-185
15465762-8	2004	The DC-promoting effect of vitamin A was specific to myeloid lineage development stimulated by GM-CSF because vitamin A significantly inhibited DC development stimulated by flt-3 ligand.	Vitamin A	110-119	FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand	Mus musculus	173-185
15465762-10	2004	In response to increasing concentrations of vitamin A, the expression of MHC class II decreased on the DC, whereas the expression of costimulatory molecules increased, especially CD86.	Vitamin A	44-53	CD86 antigen	Mus musculus	179-183
15385617-10	2004	Furthermore, the action of retinol-bound purpurin was effective only in the control (untreated) retinas but not in those primed (treated) with a previous optic nerve transection.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4	Gallus gallus	41-49
15385617-11	2004	Thus, purpurin with retinol is the first candidate molecule of priming neurite outgrowth in the early stage of optic nerve regeneration in fish.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 4	Gallus gallus	6-14
15646024-7	2004	RARalpha and RXRalpha levels per gram of BAT were reduced in mice chronically fed the vitamin A-deficient diet.	Vitamin A	86-95	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	0-8
15646024-7	2004	RARalpha and RXRalpha levels per gram of BAT were reduced in mice chronically fed the vitamin A-deficient diet.	Vitamin A	86-95	retinoid X receptor alpha	Mus musculus	13-21
15452202-5	2004	Clearance of retinol fluorescence is considerably accelerated by the presence of the exogenous lipophilic substances IRBP (interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein) and serum albumin.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	117-121
15452202-5	2004	Clearance of retinol fluorescence is considerably accelerated by the presence of the exogenous lipophilic substances IRBP (interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein) and serum albumin.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	123-166
15452202-5	2004	Clearance of retinol fluorescence is considerably accelerated by the presence of the exogenous lipophilic substances IRBP (interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein) and serum albumin.	Vitamin A	13-20	albumin	Homo sapiens	178-185
15313187-0	2004	Vitamin A differentially regulates RANKL and OPG expression in human osteoblasts.	Vitamin A	0-9	TNF superfamily member 11	Homo sapiens	35-40
15313187-0	2004	Vitamin A differentially regulates RANKL and OPG expression in human osteoblasts.	Vitamin A	0-9	TNF receptor superfamily member 11b	Homo sapiens	45-48
15542927-8	2004	Women with a concomitant excretion of retinol had higher levels of urinary RBP than those without a retinol excretion (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	75-78
15238362-2	2004	Alcohol (ADH) and aldehyde (ALDH) dehydrogenases are implicated in cellular detoxification and conversion of vitamin A to RA.	Vitamin A	109-118	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2	Homo sapiens	28-32
15336952-1	2004	Vitamin A is known to suppress the activity of the transcription factors, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), as do glucocorticoids.	Vitamin A	0-9	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	112-131
15336952-1	2004	Vitamin A is known to suppress the activity of the transcription factors, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), as do glucocorticoids.	Vitamin A	0-9	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	133-137
15336952-8	2004	Vitamin A may inhibit Sephadex-induced lung granulomatous formation, and eosinophilic and neutrophilic infiltration due to its suppression of TNF-alpha and eotaxin production, and NF-kappaB activation.	Vitamin A	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	142-151
15336952-8	2004	Vitamin A may inhibit Sephadex-induced lung granulomatous formation, and eosinophilic and neutrophilic infiltration due to its suppression of TNF-alpha and eotaxin production, and NF-kappaB activation.	Vitamin A	0-9	C-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Rattus norvegicus	156-163
15180954-1	2004	Our study aimed to investigate, in vivo, the relationship between vitamin A status and NF-kappaB activity, a transcription factor central in regulating inflammatory and immune responses.	Vitamin A	66-75	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	87-96
15087432-1	2004	Retinoids, derivatives of vitamin A, induce hypertriglyceridemia through decreased clearance of very low-density lipoprotein by a lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-dependent pathway.	Vitamin A	26-35	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	130-148
15087432-1	2004	Retinoids, derivatives of vitamin A, induce hypertriglyceridemia through decreased clearance of very low-density lipoprotein by a lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-dependent pathway.	Vitamin A	26-35	lipoprotein lipase	Mus musculus	150-153
15368598-6	2004	In contrast, adequate vitamin A intake leads to an activated Th2 response and downregulation of the Th1 response, while vitamin A deficiency reverses these patterns.	Vitamin A	22-31	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	100-103
15180954-6	2004	Our results suggest that vitamin A status, and vitamin A itself, affects NF-kappaB activity in vivo and that the elevated NF-kappaB activity in VAD may be a mechanism underlying some of the features of VAD syndrome.	Vitamin A	25-34	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	73-82
15180954-6	2004	Our results suggest that vitamin A status, and vitamin A itself, affects NF-kappaB activity in vivo and that the elevated NF-kappaB activity in VAD may be a mechanism underlying some of the features of VAD syndrome.	Vitamin A	47-56	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	73-82
15463900-6	2004	RESULTS: Serum vitamin A level was lower in CF subjects than in controls (mean, 95% CI: 1.29, 1.0-1.37 vs. 1.80, 1.7-1.87 micromol/l, p < 0.0001), and inversely correlated with CRP (r(s) = -0.37, p < 0.0001).	Vitamin A	15-24	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	180-183
15463900-7	2004	CF subjects with low vitamin A (45%) level had poorer FEV(1), weight z-score, LSBMD z-score, and higher CRP compared with those with normal levels.	Vitamin A	21-30	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	104-107
15463900-8	2004	In the CF group CRP, vitamin E, 1,25(OH)(2)D, presence of CFLD, admissions, and age were associated with vitamin A level.	Vitamin A	105-114	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	16-19
15463900-9	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Serum vitamin A is negatively associated with CRP in subjects with CF, consistent with normal population studies.	Vitamin A	19-28	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	59-62
15552367-6	2004	It appeared that the decay of metarhodopsins controls both the time course of rod dark adaptation following small bleaches and the production of retinol that is the substrate for rhodopsin regeneration.	Vitamin A	145-152	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	34-43
15457346-1	2004	hRDH-E2 is a member of the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family that converts retinol to retinaldehyde as the first and rate-limiting step in the retinoic acid synthetic pathway.	Vitamin A	98-105	dehydrogenase/reductase 9	Homo sapiens	0-7
15288992-3	2004	Mutations on both alleles of RPE65 result in absent or largely decreased formation of rhodopsin, due to a defect in all-trans retinol isomerization in the RPE.	Vitamin A	126-133	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	29-34
15288992-3	2004	Mutations on both alleles of RPE65 result in absent or largely decreased formation of rhodopsin, due to a defect in all-trans retinol isomerization in the RPE.	Vitamin A	126-133	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	86-95
15225641-0	2004	Vitamin E activates CRABP-II gene expression in cultured human fibroblasts, role of protein kinase C. The treatment of human fibroblasts with different tocopherols in the presence of retinol caused an increase in cytoplasmic retinoic acid binding protein II (CRABP-II) mRNA and protein.	Vitamin A	183-190	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	20-28
15580810-4	2004	Phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA)/ionomycin-stimulated SMC (splenic mononuclear cells) from mice fed with ATRA and the vitamin A-deficient diet group showed increased interleukin-4 (IL-4) responses in non-sensitized mice.	Vitamin A	117-126	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	165-178
15225593-13	2004	Finally, we have used the model to demonstrate NF-kappaB regulation by manipulating the Vitamin A status in mice.	Vitamin A	88-97	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	47-56
15225593-14	2004	NF-kappaB activity is elevated in mice fed a Vitamin A deficient (VAD) diet, and suppressed by surplus doses of retinoic acid (RA).	Vitamin A	45-54	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	0-9
15232519-3	2004	In 1998 Bachem observed that the vitamin A-storing cells present in the pancreas, when subjected to activation, transformed into myofibroblasts capable of producing collagens I and II and fibronectin, which contributes to fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis.	Vitamin A	33-42	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	188-199
15100222-1	2004	Cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) functions in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as an acceptor of 11-cis-retinol in the isomerization step of the rod visual cycle and as a substrate carrier for 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase.	Vitamin A	116-130	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-38
15100222-1	2004	Cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) functions in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as an acceptor of 11-cis-retinol in the isomerization step of the rod visual cycle and as a substrate carrier for 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase.	Vitamin A	116-130	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	40-46
15100222-1	2004	Cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) functions in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) as an acceptor of 11-cis-retinol in the isomerization step of the rod visual cycle and as a substrate carrier for 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase.	Vitamin A	116-130	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Homo sapiens	212-240
15082720-1	2004	Transthyretin (TTR) is an extracellular transport protein involved in the distribution of thyroid hormones and vitamin A.	Vitamin A	111-120	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
15186777-3	2004	The soluble form of RPE65 (sRPE65) is not palmitoylated and is a chaperone for vitamin A, rather than all-trans-retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	79-88	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	20-25
15186777-3	2004	The soluble form of RPE65 (sRPE65) is not palmitoylated and is a chaperone for vitamin A, rather than all-trans-retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	79-88	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	27-33
15228720-5	2004	The PTB cases who had >50 mg CRP/ litre (a concentration indicative of an APR) had lower serum concentrations of retinol and zinc than the cases with lower CRP concentrations.	Vitamin A	116-123	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	32-35
15228720-5	2004	The PTB cases who had >50 mg CRP/ litre (a concentration indicative of an APR) had lower serum concentrations of retinol and zinc than the cases with lower CRP concentrations.	Vitamin A	116-123	phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1	Homo sapiens	77-80
15155862-2	2004	Another approach to gain the beneficial effects of TGF-beta(1) on wound healing could be the activation of tissue stores of latent TGF-beta(1) with agents such as vitamin A.	Vitamin A	163-172	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	51-62
15155862-2	2004	Another approach to gain the beneficial effects of TGF-beta(1) on wound healing could be the activation of tissue stores of latent TGF-beta(1) with agents such as vitamin A.	Vitamin A	163-172	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	131-142
15155862-3	2004	The aims of this study were to determine whether 1) vitamin A is effective in enhancing intestinal wound healing in vitro and 2) activation of TGF-beta(1) is increased during wound healing with vitamin A treatment.	Vitamin A	194-203	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	143-154
15155862-11	2004	The increased activation of latent TGF-beta(1) may, in part, be responsible for the accelerated healing of injured ileum observed with vitamin A administration.	Vitamin A	135-144	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	35-46
15147196-1	2004	Lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the transfer of an acyl moiety from the sn-1 position of lecithin to vitamin A, generating all-trans-retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	119-128	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-32
15147196-1	2004	Lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the transfer of an acyl moiety from the sn-1 position of lecithin to vitamin A, generating all-trans-retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	119-128	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
15033978-1	2004	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma homotetrameric protein that acts physiologically as a transporter of thyroxine (T(4)) and retinol, in the latter case through binding to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	122-129	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
15033978-1	2004	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma homotetrameric protein that acts physiologically as a transporter of thyroxine (T(4)) and retinol, in the latter case through binding to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	122-129	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
15033978-1	2004	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma homotetrameric protein that acts physiologically as a transporter of thyroxine (T(4)) and retinol, in the latter case through binding to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	122-129	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	169-192
15033978-1	2004	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma homotetrameric protein that acts physiologically as a transporter of thyroxine (T(4)) and retinol, in the latter case through binding to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	122-129	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	194-197
15274393-5	2004	RESULTS: Patients with Ki-ras mutations in codon 12 (K12) consumed significantly less vitamin A (p=0.02), B1 (p=0.01), D (p=0.02) and iron (p=0.03) than controls, whereas patients without these mutations had similar intakes of these nutrients to controls.	Vitamin A	86-95	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Homo sapiens	23-29
15215767-10	2004	Among those youths with CD4(+) T cells between 200 and 499 cells/microL, a high anxiety score was associated with a sixfold increase in vitamin A intake as compared with those with a low score.Applications/conclusions Given the increased micronutrient requirements, nutrition counseling with HIV-infected youths should focus on early increase of intake of foods rich in micronutrients to improve growth, slow disease progression, and increase survival.	Vitamin A	136-145	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	24-27
15180561-4	2004	Receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) represents a novel RAR/RXR coregulator that suppresses vitamin A-regulated gene expression in a retinoid- dependent manner.	Vitamin A	97-106	nuclear receptor interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-32
15180561-4	2004	Receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) represents a novel RAR/RXR coregulator that suppresses vitamin A-regulated gene expression in a retinoid- dependent manner.	Vitamin A	97-106	nuclear receptor interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	34-40
15180561-4	2004	Receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) represents a novel RAR/RXR coregulator that suppresses vitamin A-regulated gene expression in a retinoid- dependent manner.	Vitamin A	97-106	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	61-64
15180561-4	2004	Receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) represents a novel RAR/RXR coregulator that suppresses vitamin A-regulated gene expression in a retinoid- dependent manner.	Vitamin A	97-106	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	65-68
14736708-8	2004	Overall, our data indicate that both retinol-RBP and retinyl esters bound to lipoproteins are able to provide sufficient retinoid to the embryo to allow for normal embryonic development.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	45-48
15580810-4	2004	Phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA)/ionomycin-stimulated SMC (splenic mononuclear cells) from mice fed with ATRA and the vitamin A-deficient diet group showed increased interleukin-4 (IL-4) responses in non-sensitized mice.	Vitamin A	117-126	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	180-184
15189689-15	2004	CONCLUSION: Vitamin A inhibited the differentiation and maturation of cord blood DC, reduced it"s ability to stimulate allo-T lymphocytes proliferation, and down-regulated Th1 cytokines, up-regulated Th2 cytokines, consequently made immune response inclined to Th2.	Vitamin A	12-21	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	172-175
15093674-3	2004	All-trans retinoic acid (t-RA) and all-trans retinol significantly inhibited a LPS-induced PGE(2) production as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and COX-2 protein expression as assessed by Western blot assay in mouse peritoneal macrophages, after knocking out the COX-1 activity by aspirin.	Vitamin A	45-52	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	170-175
15093674-3	2004	All-trans retinoic acid (t-RA) and all-trans retinol significantly inhibited a LPS-induced PGE(2) production as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and COX-2 protein expression as assessed by Western blot assay in mouse peritoneal macrophages, after knocking out the COX-1 activity by aspirin.	Vitamin A	45-52	cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	285-290
15046861-0	2004	Expression of neurogranin and neuromodulin is affected in the striatum of vitamin A-deprived rats.	Vitamin A	74-83	neurogranin	Rattus norvegicus	14-25
15046861-0	2004	Expression of neurogranin and neuromodulin is affected in the striatum of vitamin A-deprived rats.	Vitamin A	74-83	growth associated protein 43	Rattus norvegicus	30-42
15046861-4	2004	Indeed, rats fed a vitamin A-free diet for 10 weeks exhibited decreased expression of RAR, RXR, TR, RC3, and GAP43 in the striatum.	Vitamin A	19-28	neurogranin	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
15046861-4	2004	Indeed, rats fed a vitamin A-free diet for 10 weeks exhibited decreased expression of RAR, RXR, TR, RC3, and GAP43 in the striatum.	Vitamin A	19-28	growth associated protein 43	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
14963765-4	2004	In addition, expression of mRNA for retinol binding protein type 2 (CRBP2), a "small intestine-specific" cytosolic protein that captures intracellular retinal and retinol, was detected in the vaginal epithelium.	Vitamin A	36-43	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	68-73
14963765-7	2004	These results taken together imply that estrogen disrupts the local vitamin A balance by an induction of CRBP2 gene expression in the epithelium in the developing mouse genital tract, and that retinoid imbalance may contribute to the genesis of irreversible effects of estrogen on the vagina.	Vitamin A	68-77	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	105-110
15047602-0	2004	Modulation of resistin expression by retinoic acid and vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	55-64	resistin	Mus musculus	14-22
15047602-1	2004	This work identifies retinoic acid (RA), the acid form of vitamin A, as a signal that inhibits the expression of resistin, an adipocyte-secreted protein previously proposed to act as an inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation and as a systemic insulin resistance factor.	Vitamin A	58-67	resistin	Mus musculus	113-121
15047602-5	2004	Resistin expression was also downregulated after dietary vitamin A supplementation in mice.	Vitamin A	57-66	resistin	Mus musculus	0-8
15034000-3	2004	Epithelia in general are structures that are very sensitive to vitamin A deficiency, and although the extraintestinal function of BCO1 is unclear, the finding that the enzyme is expressed in all epithelia examined thus far leads us to suggest that BCO1 may be important for local synthesis of vitamin A, constituting a back-up pathway of vitamin A synthesis during times of insufficient dietary intake of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	293-302	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	248-252
15034000-3	2004	Epithelia in general are structures that are very sensitive to vitamin A deficiency, and although the extraintestinal function of BCO1 is unclear, the finding that the enzyme is expressed in all epithelia examined thus far leads us to suggest that BCO1 may be important for local synthesis of vitamin A, constituting a back-up pathway of vitamin A synthesis during times of insufficient dietary intake of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	293-302	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	248-252
14684738-1	2004	Lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), an enzyme present mainly in the retinal pigmented epithelial cells and liver, converts all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	128-145	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-32
15096205-4	2004	We report here the kinetics of human ADH1B1, ADH1B2, ADH4, and mouse ADH1 and ADH4 with all-trans-, 7-cis-, 9-cis-, 11-cis- and 13-cis-isomers of retinol and retinal.	Vitamin A	146-153	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	37-41
15041701-7	2004	These karyometric changes correlated with increases in retinoic acid receptor alpha, retinoic acid receptor beta, and retinoid X receptor alpha at the 50000 IU/day vitamin A dose.	Vitamin A	164-173	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	55-83
15041701-7	2004	These karyometric changes correlated with increases in retinoic acid receptor alpha, retinoic acid receptor beta, and retinoid X receptor alpha at the 50000 IU/day vitamin A dose.	Vitamin A	164-173	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	118-143
14684738-1	2004	Lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), an enzyme present mainly in the retinal pigmented epithelial cells and liver, converts all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	128-145	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	34-38
15009661-1	2004	Transthyretin (TTR), the major transporter of thyroid hormones and vitamin A in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), binds the Alzheimer beta-peptide and thus might confer protection against neurodegeneration.	Vitamin A	67-76	transthyretin	Mus musculus	0-13
15009661-1	2004	Transthyretin (TTR), the major transporter of thyroid hormones and vitamin A in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), binds the Alzheimer beta-peptide and thus might confer protection against neurodegeneration.	Vitamin A	67-76	transthyretin	Mus musculus	15-18
15057600-2	2004	In physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	139-146	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	164-167
15008977-1	2004	In this study, the detailed mechanisms for the effects of vitamin A on the expression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) were examined.	Vitamin A	58-67	megakaryocyte and platelet inhibitory receptor G6b	Homo sapiens	99-122
15008977-1	2004	In this study, the detailed mechanisms for the effects of vitamin A on the expression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) were examined.	Vitamin A	58-67	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Homo sapiens	124-128
14734217-12	2004	Post stress vitamin E treatment was found most effective than vitamins A and C in enhancing the levels of glutathione and activities of SOD, GST and catalase and decreasing lipid peroxidation.	Vitamin A	62-72	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	149-157
15094224-1	2004	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cellular retinol-binding protein-1 (CRBP-1) which is involved in vitamin A metabolism is highly expressed in liver cells, particularly in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).	Vitamin A	82-91	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	17-51
15094224-1	2004	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cellular retinol-binding protein-1 (CRBP-1) which is involved in vitamin A metabolism is highly expressed in liver cells, particularly in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).	Vitamin A	82-91	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	53-59
14976384-5	2004	The copresence of NAG with either of two retinoids, retinoic acid (RA) or retinol, exerted a synergistic effect on HA production.	Vitamin A	74-81	N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase	Homo sapiens	18-21
14976384-7	2004	We observed that RA and retinol markedly induced the expression of HA synthase-3 (HAS3) mRNA.	Vitamin A	24-31	hyaluronan synthase 3	Homo sapiens	67-80
14976384-7	2004	We observed that RA and retinol markedly induced the expression of HA synthase-3 (HAS3) mRNA.	Vitamin A	24-31	hyaluronan synthase 3	Homo sapiens	82-86
14749226-2	2004	Retinol is transported in a 1-to-1 complex with retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	48-71
14749226-2	2004	Retinol is transported in a 1-to-1 complex with retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	73-76
14749226-3	2004	RBP is easy and inexpensive to measure, and studies have shown a high correlation between concentrations of RBP and concentrations of retinol.	Vitamin A	134-141	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
14749226-3	2004	RBP is easy and inexpensive to measure, and studies have shown a high correlation between concentrations of RBP and concentrations of retinol.	Vitamin A	134-141	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	108-111
14749226-6	2004	DESIGN: The relation between RBP and retinol was examined in a cross-sectional study of 600 Kenyan women.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	29-32
14749226-7	2004	RESULTS: There was a high correlation between concentrations of RBP and those of retinol (r = 0.88).	Vitamin A	81-88	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	64-67
14749226-8	2004	When equimolar cutoffs were used, RBP predicted marginal vitamin A status (retinol < 1.05 micro mol/L) with 93% sensitivity and 75% specificity and vitamin A deficiency (retinol < 0.70 micro mol/L) with 91% sensitivity and 94% specificity.	Vitamin A	57-66	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	34-37
14749226-8	2004	When equimolar cutoffs were used, RBP predicted marginal vitamin A status (retinol < 1.05 micro mol/L) with 93% sensitivity and 75% specificity and vitamin A deficiency (retinol < 0.70 micro mol/L) with 91% sensitivity and 94% specificity.	Vitamin A	75-82	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	34-37
12832282-5	2004	Serum-free, exogenous ATRA-free medium conditioned by LICs rich in retinol storage granules caused a 10-fold greater increase of CRBP-I mRNA in PMVCs than media conditioned by LICs with few retinol storage granules.	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-135
14749759-11	2004	Plasma retinol concentration was correlated with vitamin A intake (overall r=0.17, P<0.001; adjusted for age and plasma alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin concentration) and increased significantly with age (P<0.001) in both sexes.	Vitamin A	7-14	serpin family A member 3	Homo sapiens	123-148
15009723-11	2004	Colocalization of plasma retinol-binding protein with RPE65 and affinity binding suggest a direct interaction of RPE65 with plasma retinol-binding protein in cultured human keratinocytes that might be involved in retinoid uptake of keratinocytes.	Vitamin A	25-32	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	54-59
15009723-11	2004	Colocalization of plasma retinol-binding protein with RPE65 and affinity binding suggest a direct interaction of RPE65 with plasma retinol-binding protein in cultured human keratinocytes that might be involved in retinoid uptake of keratinocytes.	Vitamin A	25-32	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	113-118
15057600-2	2004	In physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	139-146	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	272-275
15057600-2	2004	In physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	201-208	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	139-162
15057600-2	2004	In physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	201-208	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	164-167
14623888-2	2004	Livers of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-null mice have high levels of retinoic acid (RA), retinol, and retinyl palmitate.	Vitamin A	92-99	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	10-35
14642897-9	2004	Our results provide evidence of a functional retinol esterifying enzyme in cultured RCS RPE cells and suggest that CRBP-I could play a role in the uptake and esterification of ROL in the RPE cells.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-121
14623888-2	2004	Livers of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR)-null mice have high levels of retinoic acid (RA), retinol, and retinyl palmitate.	Vitamin A	92-99	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	37-40
15331882-6	2004	While the mean concentration of retinol in malignant ascites represented 73% of that in plasma, the concentration of RBP was less than 10% resulting in an increased mean molar ratio of retinol to RBP from 1.18 to 10.5.	Vitamin A	185-192	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	117-120
14532273-9	2004	Assays of isomerase activity reveal that Rpe65 strongly stimulates the enzymatic conversion of all-trans-retinyl palmitate to 11-cis-retinol in microsomes from bovine RPE cells.	Vitamin A	126-140	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Bos taurus	41-46
14684403-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Retinol-binding protein (RBP) was chosen as a surrogate marker for retinol because of the close correspondence between retinol and RBP.	Vitamin A	79-86	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	37-40
14684403-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Retinol-binding protein (RBP) was chosen as a surrogate marker for retinol because of the close correspondence between retinol and RBP.	Vitamin A	131-138	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-35
14684403-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Retinol-binding protein (RBP) was chosen as a surrogate marker for retinol because of the close correspondence between retinol and RBP.	Vitamin A	131-138	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	37-40
14684403-2	2004	OBJECTIVE: To meet the need for rapid, cost-effective determination of vitamin A status in populations, a quantitative enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detection of RBP was developed.	Vitamin A	71-80	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	161-164
14684403-9	2004	Preliminary laboratory evaluations indicated that the RBP EIA correlates well with radial immunodiffusion for RBP and with HPLC for retinol, the current reference standard.	Vitamin A	132-139	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	54-57
15490719-10	2004	RESULTS: Predictors of CD4 counts were gestational age, serum retinol and season.	Vitamin A	62-69	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	23-26
12954732-11	2004	Consistently, Tsp57 expression was absent in testes from vitamin A-deficient mice, which do not have any round spermatids, and was reduced in RARalpha null mice, which have lowered numbers of round spermatids in their testes.	Vitamin A	57-66	centrosomal protein 57	Mus musculus	14-19
15490719-11	2004	CD4 counts declined by 25 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 11 to 40; p = 0.001) cells/L for each week"s increase in gestation among women with low serum retinol, while low serum retinol was independently associated with lower CD4 counts (-127; 95% CI, -233 to 20 cells/L; p = 0.02) at 35 weeks gestation.	Vitamin A	151-158	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	0-3
15490719-11	2004	CD4 counts declined by 25 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 11 to 40; p = 0.001) cells/L for each week"s increase in gestation among women with low serum retinol, while low serum retinol was independently associated with lower CD4 counts (-127; 95% CI, -233 to 20 cells/L; p = 0.02) at 35 weeks gestation.	Vitamin A	176-183	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	224-227
15009115-4	2004	In the first 8 h after retinol treatment the levels of p53 and Bax proteins as well as caspase 3 activity increased, suggesting apoptotic cell death during the first hours of treatment.	Vitamin A	23-30	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	55-58
15009115-4	2004	In the first 8 h after retinol treatment the levels of p53 and Bax proteins as well as caspase 3 activity increased, suggesting apoptotic cell death during the first hours of treatment.	Vitamin A	23-30	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	63-66
14704332-6	2004	Additionally, an RA-inducible cytochrome P450, P450RAI or CYP26, is down-regulated in liver during vitamin A deficiency and up-regulated dose-dependently by dietary vitamin A and exogenous RA.	Vitamin A	99-108	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
14752834-0	2004	Reversal of liver fibrosis in aryl hydrocarbon receptor null mice by dietary vitamin A depletion.	Vitamin A	77-86	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	30-55
14752834-7	2004	Vitamin A deficiency normalized PPAR gamma expression in AHR -/- mice.	Vitamin A	0-9	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	32-42
14752834-7	2004	Vitamin A deficiency normalized PPAR gamma expression in AHR -/- mice.	Vitamin A	0-9	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	57-60
14752834-8	2004	In conclusion, livers from AHR -/- mice fed the vitamin A-deficient diet showed a decrease in collagen deposition, consistent with the absence of liver fibrosis.	Vitamin A	48-57	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	27-30
14661078-1	2004	All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH8) is a visual cycle enzyme that reduces all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	4-17	retinol dehydrogenase 8	Homo sapiens	33-37
14704332-2	2004	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a microsomal enzyme present in liver and several other retinol-metabolizing tissues, esterifies retinol that is associated with a cellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP or CRBP-II.	Vitamin A	96-103	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
14704332-2	2004	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a microsomal enzyme present in liver and several other retinol-metabolizing tissues, esterifies retinol that is associated with a cellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP or CRBP-II.	Vitamin A	96-103	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	205-209
14704332-2	2004	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a microsomal enzyme present in liver and several other retinol-metabolizing tissues, esterifies retinol that is associated with a cellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP or CRBP-II.	Vitamin A	96-103	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	213-220
14704332-4	2004	In vitamin A-deficient liver, both LRAT mRNA and activity are significantly down-regulated as well as rapidly induced after the administration of vitamin A or its principal hormonal metabolite, retinoic acid (RA).	Vitamin A	3-12	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	35-39
14704332-5	2004	In long-term feeding studies and the metabolic steady state, liver LRAT is expressed dose-dependently across a wide range of dietary vitamin A.	Vitamin A	133-142	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	67-71
14704332-6	2004	Additionally, an RA-inducible cytochrome P450, P450RAI or CYP26, is down-regulated in liver during vitamin A deficiency and up-regulated dose-dependently by dietary vitamin A and exogenous RA.	Vitamin A	99-108	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	47-54
14704332-7	2004	Based on these results, we propose that LRAT and CYP26 serve as two molecular mechanisms, coordinately regulated by all-trans-RA, to control the availability of retinol and RA, respectively.	Vitamin A	161-168	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	40-44
14704332-7	2004	Based on these results, we propose that LRAT and CYP26 serve as two molecular mechanisms, coordinately regulated by all-trans-RA, to control the availability of retinol and RA, respectively.	Vitamin A	161-168	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
14704332-8	2004	The LRAT reaction, besides providing a readily retrievable storage form of vitamin A, may regulate the availability of retinol to other pathways, while the CYP26 reaction may serve to prevent a detrimental "overshoot" of RA concentration.	Vitamin A	75-84	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	4-8
14704332-8	2004	The LRAT reaction, besides providing a readily retrievable storage form of vitamin A, may regulate the availability of retinol to other pathways, while the CYP26 reaction may serve to prevent a detrimental "overshoot" of RA concentration.	Vitamin A	119-126	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	4-8
14704333-1	2004	Although retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the most abundant retinoid form present in the circulations of humans and most mammals, other retinoid and proretinoid forms are also present in the blood.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	26-49
14704333-1	2004	Although retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the most abundant retinoid form present in the circulations of humans and most mammals, other retinoid and proretinoid forms are also present in the blood.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-54
14704333-7	2004	Compared to wild type mice, mice lacking RBP accumulate excess vitamin A in the liver, since there is no RBP to facilitate mobilization of stored retinol from hepatic stores.	Vitamin A	63-72	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	41-44
14704336-7	2004	The RBP:transthyretin ratio may help to determine if serum retinol concentrations are depressed by infection.	Vitamin A	59-66	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	4-7
14647402-3	2004	Immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that Cygb/STAP is uniquely localized in fibroblast-like cells in splanchnic organs, namely the vitamin A-storing cell lineage, but neither in epithelial cells, endothelial cells, muscle cells, blood cells, macrophages, nor dermal fibroblasts.	Vitamin A	155-164	cytoglobin	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
14647402-3	2004	Immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that Cygb/STAP is uniquely localized in fibroblast-like cells in splanchnic organs, namely the vitamin A-storing cell lineage, but neither in epithelial cells, endothelial cells, muscle cells, blood cells, macrophages, nor dermal fibroblasts.	Vitamin A	155-164	cytoglobin	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
14704332-2	2004	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a microsomal enzyme present in liver and several other retinol-metabolizing tissues, esterifies retinol that is associated with a cellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP or CRBP-II.	Vitamin A	9-16	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
14704332-2	2004	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a microsomal enzyme present in liver and several other retinol-metabolizing tissues, esterifies retinol that is associated with a cellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP or CRBP-II.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	205-209
14704332-2	2004	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a microsomal enzyme present in liver and several other retinol-metabolizing tissues, esterifies retinol that is associated with a cellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP or CRBP-II.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	213-220
14704332-2	2004	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a microsomal enzyme present in liver and several other retinol-metabolizing tissues, esterifies retinol that is associated with a cellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP or CRBP-II.	Vitamin A	96-103	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-32
14704332-2	2004	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a microsomal enzyme present in liver and several other retinol-metabolizing tissues, esterifies retinol that is associated with a cellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP or CRBP-II.	Vitamin A	96-103	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
14704332-2	2004	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a microsomal enzyme present in liver and several other retinol-metabolizing tissues, esterifies retinol that is associated with a cellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP or CRBP-II.	Vitamin A	96-103	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	205-209
14704332-2	2004	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a microsomal enzyme present in liver and several other retinol-metabolizing tissues, esterifies retinol that is associated with a cellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP or CRBP-II.	Vitamin A	96-103	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	213-220
14704332-2	2004	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a microsomal enzyme present in liver and several other retinol-metabolizing tissues, esterifies retinol that is associated with a cellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP or CRBP-II.	Vitamin A	96-103	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-32
15327746-0	2004	Retinol-induced mdr1 and mdr3 modulation in cultured rat Sertoli cells is attenuated by free radical scavengers.	Vitamin A	0-7	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
15327746-6	2004	Expression of mdr1 and mdr3 was inhibited by retinol treatment (7 microM, 24 h), while mdr2 was not detected in response to any of the treatments.	Vitamin A	45-52	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
15327746-8	2004	The observed inhibition of mdr genes was attenuated by all co-treatments, suggesting that retinol-induced ROS are required for inhibition of mdr1 and mdr3 expression.	Vitamin A	90-97	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
14697804-9	2003	FINDINGS: For all four proteins, retinol values were much higher in people with normal concentrations of protein, than in individuals with raised concentrations (16% higher for alpha1-antichymotrypsin, 18% for alpha1-acid-glycoprotein, 25% for C-reactive protein, and 32% for serum amyloid A).	Vitamin A	33-40	serpin family A member 3	Homo sapiens	177-200
15196886-0	2004	Plasma retinol-binding protein: structure and interactions with retinol, retinoids, and transthyretin.	Vitamin A	7-14	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	88-101
15196886-2	2004	The available crystal structures of different forms of RBP have provided details of the interactions of this binding protein with retinol, retinoids, and transthyretin (TTR, one of the plasma carriers of thyroid hormones).	Vitamin A	130-137	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	55-58
15196886-3	2004	The core of RBP is a beta-barrel, the cavity of which accommodates retinol, establishing with its buried portions apolar contacts.	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-15
15196886-5	2004	The stability of the retinol-RBP complex appears to be further enhanced when holo-RBP is bound to TTR.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	29-32
15196886-5	2004	The stability of the retinol-RBP complex appears to be further enhanced when holo-RBP is bound to TTR.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	82-85
15196886-5	2004	The stability of the retinol-RBP complex appears to be further enhanced when holo-RBP is bound to TTR.	Vitamin A	21-28	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	98-101
14674758-6	2003	Purified RalR1-His(6) exhibited the apparent K(m) values for all-trans-retinal and all-trans-retinol of 0.12 and 0.6 microM, respectively.	Vitamin A	93-100	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Homo sapiens	9-14
14674768-1	2003	The biochemical pathway to visual chromophore biosynthesis in rod-dominated animals involves minimally a two component system in which all-trans-retinyl esters, generated by the action of lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) on vitamin A, are processed into 11-cis-retinol by isomerohydrolase.	Vitamin A	231-240	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	188-220
14674768-1	2003	The biochemical pathway to visual chromophore biosynthesis in rod-dominated animals involves minimally a two component system in which all-trans-retinyl esters, generated by the action of lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) on vitamin A, are processed into 11-cis-retinol by isomerohydrolase.	Vitamin A	231-240	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	222-226
14674768-1	2003	The biochemical pathway to visual chromophore biosynthesis in rod-dominated animals involves minimally a two component system in which all-trans-retinyl esters, generated by the action of lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) on vitamin A, are processed into 11-cis-retinol by isomerohydrolase.	Vitamin A	261-275	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	188-220
14674768-1	2003	The biochemical pathway to visual chromophore biosynthesis in rod-dominated animals involves minimally a two component system in which all-trans-retinyl esters, generated by the action of lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) on vitamin A, are processed into 11-cis-retinol by isomerohydrolase.	Vitamin A	261-275	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	222-226
14615068-9	2003	Most of the substances that reduced the secretion of MCP-1 and IL-8 in vitro cultured fibroblasts, showed a good inhibition against the retinol-induced irritation in the rabbit and human patch test.	Vitamin A	136-143	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	53-58
14615068-9	2003	Most of the substances that reduced the secretion of MCP-1 and IL-8 in vitro cultured fibroblasts, showed a good inhibition against the retinol-induced irritation in the rabbit and human patch test.	Vitamin A	136-143	interleukin-8	Oryctolagus cuniculus	63-67
14615068-10	2003	In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that among proinflammatory cytokines, MCP-1 and IL-8 mainly mediated retinol-induced skin irritation, and that inhibition of production of these cytokines can be applied as good markers to screen the anti-irritants against the retinol-induced irritation.	Vitamin A	115-122	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	84-89
14615068-10	2003	In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that among proinflammatory cytokines, MCP-1 and IL-8 mainly mediated retinol-induced skin irritation, and that inhibition of production of these cytokines can be applied as good markers to screen the anti-irritants against the retinol-induced irritation.	Vitamin A	115-122	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	94-98
14615068-10	2003	In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that among proinflammatory cytokines, MCP-1 and IL-8 mainly mediated retinol-induced skin irritation, and that inhibition of production of these cytokines can be applied as good markers to screen the anti-irritants against the retinol-induced irritation.	Vitamin A	273-280	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	84-89
14615068-10	2003	In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that among proinflammatory cytokines, MCP-1 and IL-8 mainly mediated retinol-induced skin irritation, and that inhibition of production of these cytokines can be applied as good markers to screen the anti-irritants against the retinol-induced irritation.	Vitamin A	273-280	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	94-98
14644428-1	2003	The thyroid hormone binding protein transthyretin (TTR) forms a macromolecular complex with the retinol-specific carrier retinol binding protein (RBP) in the blood of higher vertebrates.	Vitamin A	96-103	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	51-54
14625032-1	2003	Trans-sodium crocetinate (TSC) is a vitamin A-analog that increases diffusivity of oxygen in aqueous solutions, including plasma.	Vitamin A	36-45	solute carrier family 12 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
14585313-0	2003	Understanding the physiological role of retinol-binding protein in vitamin A metabolism using transgenic and knockout mouse models.	Vitamin A	67-76	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	40-63
14710892-11	2003	In addition, new agonists of RAR and RXR, either selective or pan agonists, will become available and will enlarge the spectrum of vitamin A analogs that have antitumoral properties.	Vitamin A	131-140	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	29-32
14710892-11	2003	In addition, new agonists of RAR and RXR, either selective or pan agonists, will become available and will enlarge the spectrum of vitamin A analogs that have antitumoral properties.	Vitamin A	131-140	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	37-40
14585315-6	2003	Since retinol is transported in the plasma of vertebrates in association with retinol binding protein (RBP), recent studies on the molecular characterization and expression sites of RBP, could contribute to determining the involvement of RBP in transporting retinol to developing oocytes in vertebrates.Recently, results from our laboratory show that RBP mRNA levels in the liver and RBP plasma levels did not significantly change with the onset and during vitellogenesis in the Rainbow trout.	Vitamin A	78-85	retinol-binding protein 4	Oncorhynchus mykiss	103-106
15133321-8	2004	There were significant negative correlations between CRP levels and serum beta-carotene and retinol concentrations.	Vitamin A	92-99	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	53-56
15133321-11	2004	The inverse correlations between CRP and beta-carotene or retinol indicate either decreased synthesis or increased utilization of these antioxidants.	Vitamin A	58-65	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	33-36
14646967-2	2003	Retinoic acid has been demonstrated to be produced from retinol via a two step oxidation pathway in which alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes have roles.	Vitamin A	56-63	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	106-127
14611939-1	2003	In HEK293S cells expressing opsin, rhodopsin regenerates on addition of all-trans retinol.	Vitamin A	82-89	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	35-44
14611944-1	2003	In addition to RDH5, other enzymes capable of oxidizing 11-cis-retinol are present within the retinal pigment epithelium, Muller cells and/or photoreceptors.	Vitamin A	56-70	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Mus musculus	15-19
14611944-5	2003	Generation of double and triple knockouts will aid in determining if these retinol dehydrogenases are responsible for the remaining 11-cis-retinol oxidation observed in RDH5 knockout animals.	Vitamin A	132-146	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Mus musculus	169-173
12972427-1	2003	The signaling/oncogenic activity of beta-catenin can be repressed by the activation of nuclear receptors such as the vitamin A, vitamin D, and androgen receptors.	Vitamin A	117-126	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	36-48
14623956-2	2003	We demonstrate that Raldh3 knockout in mouse suppresses RA synthesis and causes malformations restricted to ocular and nasal regions, which are similar to those observed in vitamin A-deficient fetuses and/or in retinoid receptor mutants.	Vitamin A	173-182	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A3	Mus musculus	20-26
14596594-1	2003	Lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the reversible esterification of vitamin A using lecithin as the acyl donor.	Vitamin A	83-92	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-32
14596594-1	2003	Lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the reversible esterification of vitamin A using lecithin as the acyl donor.	Vitamin A	83-92	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
14568882-6	2003	Whereas retinoic acid increased C/EBPbeta and PPARgamma mRNAs 1.5 times in ATII in vitro, vitamin-A deficiency strongly decreased fetal lung C/EBPalpha, beta, and PPARgamma transcripts in vivo.	Vitamin A	90-99	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
14568882-6	2003	Whereas retinoic acid increased C/EBPbeta and PPARgamma mRNAs 1.5 times in ATII in vitro, vitamin-A deficiency strongly decreased fetal lung C/EBPalpha, beta, and PPARgamma transcripts in vivo.	Vitamin A	90-99	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Rattus norvegicus	163-172
14585315-6	2003	Since retinol is transported in the plasma of vertebrates in association with retinol binding protein (RBP), recent studies on the molecular characterization and expression sites of RBP, could contribute to determining the involvement of RBP in transporting retinol to developing oocytes in vertebrates.Recently, results from our laboratory show that RBP mRNA levels in the liver and RBP plasma levels did not significantly change with the onset and during vitellogenesis in the Rainbow trout.	Vitamin A	78-85	retinol-binding protein 4	Oncorhynchus mykiss	182-185
14585315-6	2003	Since retinol is transported in the plasma of vertebrates in association with retinol binding protein (RBP), recent studies on the molecular characterization and expression sites of RBP, could contribute to determining the involvement of RBP in transporting retinol to developing oocytes in vertebrates.Recently, results from our laboratory show that RBP mRNA levels in the liver and RBP plasma levels did not significantly change with the onset and during vitellogenesis in the Rainbow trout.	Vitamin A	78-85	retinol-binding protein 4	Oncorhynchus mykiss	182-185
14585315-6	2003	Since retinol is transported in the plasma of vertebrates in association with retinol binding protein (RBP), recent studies on the molecular characterization and expression sites of RBP, could contribute to determining the involvement of RBP in transporting retinol to developing oocytes in vertebrates.Recently, results from our laboratory show that RBP mRNA levels in the liver and RBP plasma levels did not significantly change with the onset and during vitellogenesis in the Rainbow trout.	Vitamin A	78-85	retinol-binding protein 4	Oncorhynchus mykiss	182-185
14585315-6	2003	Since retinol is transported in the plasma of vertebrates in association with retinol binding protein (RBP), recent studies on the molecular characterization and expression sites of RBP, could contribute to determining the involvement of RBP in transporting retinol to developing oocytes in vertebrates.Recently, results from our laboratory show that RBP mRNA levels in the liver and RBP plasma levels did not significantly change with the onset and during vitellogenesis in the Rainbow trout.	Vitamin A	78-85	retinol-binding protein 4	Oncorhynchus mykiss	182-185
14585313-5	2003	To meet vitamin A requirements of tissues, the liver secretes retinol (vitamin A alcohol) into the circulation bound to its sole specific carrier protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	8-17	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	155-178
14585313-5	2003	To meet vitamin A requirements of tissues, the liver secretes retinol (vitamin A alcohol) into the circulation bound to its sole specific carrier protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	8-17	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	180-183
14585313-5	2003	To meet vitamin A requirements of tissues, the liver secretes retinol (vitamin A alcohol) into the circulation bound to its sole specific carrier protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	155-178
14585313-5	2003	To meet vitamin A requirements of tissues, the liver secretes retinol (vitamin A alcohol) into the circulation bound to its sole specific carrier protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	180-183
14585313-5	2003	To meet vitamin A requirements of tissues, the liver secretes retinol (vitamin A alcohol) into the circulation bound to its sole specific carrier protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	71-88	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	155-178
14585313-5	2003	To meet vitamin A requirements of tissues, the liver secretes retinol (vitamin A alcohol) into the circulation bound to its sole specific carrier protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	71-88	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	180-183
14585313-7	2003	Over the last few years, the generation of knockout and transgenic mouse models has significantly contributed to our understanding of RBP function in the metabolism of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	168-177	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	134-137
14585314-10	2003	Recent studies proved that the control occurs by different expressions of retinoid receptors as well as by time-dependent changes of the vitamin-A-metabolism respectively via cellular vitamin-A-binding proteins (CRBP: cytoplasmatic retinol binding protein; CRABP: cytoplasmatic retinoic acid binding protein).	Vitamin A	137-146	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	257-262
14585314-10	2003	Recent studies proved that the control occurs by different expressions of retinoid receptors as well as by time-dependent changes of the vitamin-A-metabolism respectively via cellular vitamin-A-binding proteins (CRBP: cytoplasmatic retinol binding protein; CRABP: cytoplasmatic retinoic acid binding protein).	Vitamin A	184-193	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	257-262
14585315-6	2003	Since retinol is transported in the plasma of vertebrates in association with retinol binding protein (RBP), recent studies on the molecular characterization and expression sites of RBP, could contribute to determining the involvement of RBP in transporting retinol to developing oocytes in vertebrates.Recently, results from our laboratory show that RBP mRNA levels in the liver and RBP plasma levels did not significantly change with the onset and during vitellogenesis in the Rainbow trout.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol-binding protein 4	Oncorhynchus mykiss	78-101
14585315-6	2003	Since retinol is transported in the plasma of vertebrates in association with retinol binding protein (RBP), recent studies on the molecular characterization and expression sites of RBP, could contribute to determining the involvement of RBP in transporting retinol to developing oocytes in vertebrates.Recently, results from our laboratory show that RBP mRNA levels in the liver and RBP plasma levels did not significantly change with the onset and during vitellogenesis in the Rainbow trout.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol-binding protein 4	Oncorhynchus mykiss	103-106
14585315-6	2003	Since retinol is transported in the plasma of vertebrates in association with retinol binding protein (RBP), recent studies on the molecular characterization and expression sites of RBP, could contribute to determining the involvement of RBP in transporting retinol to developing oocytes in vertebrates.Recently, results from our laboratory show that RBP mRNA levels in the liver and RBP plasma levels did not significantly change with the onset and during vitellogenesis in the Rainbow trout.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol-binding protein 4	Oncorhynchus mykiss	182-185
14585315-6	2003	Since retinol is transported in the plasma of vertebrates in association with retinol binding protein (RBP), recent studies on the molecular characterization and expression sites of RBP, could contribute to determining the involvement of RBP in transporting retinol to developing oocytes in vertebrates.Recently, results from our laboratory show that RBP mRNA levels in the liver and RBP plasma levels did not significantly change with the onset and during vitellogenesis in the Rainbow trout.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol-binding protein 4	Oncorhynchus mykiss	182-185
14585315-6	2003	Since retinol is transported in the plasma of vertebrates in association with retinol binding protein (RBP), recent studies on the molecular characterization and expression sites of RBP, could contribute to determining the involvement of RBP in transporting retinol to developing oocytes in vertebrates.Recently, results from our laboratory show that RBP mRNA levels in the liver and RBP plasma levels did not significantly change with the onset and during vitellogenesis in the Rainbow trout.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol-binding protein 4	Oncorhynchus mykiss	182-185
14585315-6	2003	Since retinol is transported in the plasma of vertebrates in association with retinol binding protein (RBP), recent studies on the molecular characterization and expression sites of RBP, could contribute to determining the involvement of RBP in transporting retinol to developing oocytes in vertebrates.Recently, results from our laboratory show that RBP mRNA levels in the liver and RBP plasma levels did not significantly change with the onset and during vitellogenesis in the Rainbow trout.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol-binding protein 4	Oncorhynchus mykiss	182-185
14649406-1	2003	Effects of two natural (retinol and retinoic acid, RA) and one synthetic N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) retinoids on proliferation and expression of urokinase-plasminogen activator (u-PA) by bovine mammary epithelial cells were examined.	Vitamin A	24-31	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Bos taurus	157-188
14587034-0	2003	Hepatic stellate cells uptake of retinol associated with retinol-binding protein or with bovine serum albumin.	Vitamin A	33-40	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	57-80
14587034-0	2003	Hepatic stellate cells uptake of retinol associated with retinol-binding protein or with bovine serum albumin.	Vitamin A	33-40	albumin	Homo sapiens	96-109
14587034-3	2003	Circulating retinol is associated with plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) or bovine serum albumin (BSA).	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	46-69
14587034-3	2003	Circulating retinol is associated with plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) or bovine serum albumin (BSA).	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	71-74
14587034-3	2003	Circulating retinol is associated with plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) or bovine serum albumin (BSA).	Vitamin A	12-19	albumin	Homo sapiens	86-99
14587034-4	2003	Here we have used the in vitro model of GRX cells to compare incorporation and metabolism of BSA versus RBP associated [(3)H]retinol in HSC.	Vitamin A	125-132	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	104-107
14587034-5	2003	We have found that lipocytes, but not myofibroblasts, expressed a high-affinity membrane receptor for RBP-retinol complex (KD = 4.93 nM), and both cell types expressed a low-affinity one (KD = 234 nM).	Vitamin A	106-113	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	102-105
14587034-6	2003	The RBP-retinol complex, but not the BSA-delivered retinol, could be dislodged from membranes by treatments that specifically disturb protein-protein interactions (high RBP concentrations).	Vitamin A	8-15	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	4-7
14587034-6	2003	The RBP-retinol complex, but not the BSA-delivered retinol, could be dislodged from membranes by treatments that specifically disturb protein-protein interactions (high RBP concentrations).	Vitamin A	8-15	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	169-172
14587034-8	2003	RBP-delivered retinol was found in cytosol, microsomal fraction and, as retinyl esters, in lipid droplets, while albumin-delivered retinol was mainly associated with membranes.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
14587034-10	2003	Retinol derived from the holo-RBP complex was differentially incorporated in lipocytes and preferentially reached esterification sites close to lipid droplets through a specific intracellular traffic route.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	30-33
14529804-5	2003	We observed that irrespective of its duration (i.e. 31 or 39 weeks), Vitamin A deprivation resulted in a significant reduction (25-30%) in the expression of brain RARbeta, RXRbeta/gamma and tTG mRNAs.	Vitamin A	69-78	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Mus musculus	163-170
12925957-0	2003	Polymorphic variation at the -202 locus in IGFBP3: Influence on serum levels of insulin-like growth factors, interaction with plasma retinol and vitamin D and breast cancer risk.	Vitamin A	133-140	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	43-49
12925957-6	2003	We found a positive relation between age-adjusted IGFBP-3 levels and plasma retinol (14% difference in IGFBP-3 in top vs. bottom tertiles of retinol, p for trend < 0.001; Spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.25), which was similar across genotypes at the -202 IGFBP3 locus (interaction term, F = 0.10, p = 0.91).	Vitamin A	76-83	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	50-57
12925957-6	2003	We found a positive relation between age-adjusted IGFBP-3 levels and plasma retinol (14% difference in IGFBP-3 in top vs. bottom tertiles of retinol, p for trend < 0.001; Spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.25), which was similar across genotypes at the -202 IGFBP3 locus (interaction term, F = 0.10, p = 0.91).	Vitamin A	76-83	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	103-110
12925957-6	2003	We found a positive relation between age-adjusted IGFBP-3 levels and plasma retinol (14% difference in IGFBP-3 in top vs. bottom tertiles of retinol, p for trend < 0.001; Spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.25), which was similar across genotypes at the -202 IGFBP3 locus (interaction term, F = 0.10, p = 0.91).	Vitamin A	76-83	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	265-271
12925957-6	2003	We found a positive relation between age-adjusted IGFBP-3 levels and plasma retinol (14% difference in IGFBP-3 in top vs. bottom tertiles of retinol, p for trend < 0.001; Spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.25), which was similar across genotypes at the -202 IGFBP3 locus (interaction term, F = 0.10, p = 0.91).	Vitamin A	141-148	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	50-57
12925957-6	2003	We found a positive relation between age-adjusted IGFBP-3 levels and plasma retinol (14% difference in IGFBP-3 in top vs. bottom tertiles of retinol, p for trend < 0.001; Spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.25), which was similar across genotypes at the -202 IGFBP3 locus (interaction term, F = 0.10, p = 0.91).	Vitamin A	141-148	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	103-110
14743546-7	2003	Using a limit of 0.6 mg/L (75th percentile), significantly lower levels were observed for transthyretin, iron, retinol, and beta-carotene in the group with the higher CRP levels.	Vitamin A	111-118	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	167-170
14575644-14	2003	We conclude that the vitamin A homeostasis seems to have some influence to the TCDD-induced activation of AHR-regulated gene transcription in the brain and pituitary of the adult mouse.	Vitamin A	21-30	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	106-109
14529804-5	2003	We observed that irrespective of its duration (i.e. 31 or 39 weeks), Vitamin A deprivation resulted in a significant reduction (25-30%) in the expression of brain RARbeta, RXRbeta/gamma and tTG mRNAs.	Vitamin A	69-78	retinoid X receptor beta	Mus musculus	172-179
14529804-5	2003	We observed that irrespective of its duration (i.e. 31 or 39 weeks), Vitamin A deprivation resulted in a significant reduction (25-30%) in the expression of brain RARbeta, RXRbeta/gamma and tTG mRNAs.	Vitamin A	69-78	transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide	Mus musculus	190-193
12855677-7	2003	RDH-S Delta 3 catalyzed all-trans-retinol and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 alpha-diol (3 alpha-adiol) metabolism 60-70% as efficiently (Vm/Km) as RDH1.	Vitamin A	24-41	4short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C, member 7	Mus musculus	0-5
14581364-0	2003	Differential expression of the enzyme that esterifies retinol, lecithin:retinol acyltransferase, in subtypes of human renal cancer and normal kidney.	Vitamin A	54-61	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	63-95
12855677-10	2003	A single RDH1 mutation in the C3 region (K210L) reduced efficiency for all-trans-retinol by >1250-fold.	Vitamin A	75-88	retinol dehydrogenase 1 (all trans)	Mus musculus	9-13
12851412-0	2003	Genetic evidence that retinaldehyde dehydrogenase Raldh1 (Aldh1a1) functions downstream of alcohol dehydrogenase Adh1 in metabolism of retinol to retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	135-142	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	50-56
14745938-8	2003	The goal of this work was to characterize the involvement of caspase-3, -8, and -9, as well as cytochrome-c release from the mitochondria, in the apoptotic cascade induced by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	175-184	caspase 3	Mus musculus	61-82
14745938-16	2003	Western-blotting confirmed the presence of activated caspase-3 that increased with time in culture and vitamin A concentration.	Vitamin A	103-112	caspase 3	Mus musculus	53-62
14745938-20	2003	CONCLUSIONS: Caspase-3 is a key effector caspase in the apoptotic pathway induced by Vitamin A.	Vitamin A	85-94	caspase 3	Mus musculus	13-22
14745938-20	2003	CONCLUSIONS: Caspase-3 is a key effector caspase in the apoptotic pathway induced by Vitamin A.	Vitamin A	85-94	caspase 8	Mus musculus	41-48
12851412-0	2003	Genetic evidence that retinaldehyde dehydrogenase Raldh1 (Aldh1a1) functions downstream of alcohol dehydrogenase Adh1 in metabolism of retinol to retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	135-142	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	58-65
12851412-0	2003	Genetic evidence that retinaldehyde dehydrogenase Raldh1 (Aldh1a1) functions downstream of alcohol dehydrogenase Adh1 in metabolism of retinol to retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	135-142	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	113-117
12851412-2	2003	Previous genetic studies have revealed that alcohol dehydrogenase Adh1 is required for efficient clearance of excess retinol to prevent toxicity, thus demonstrating that the mechanism involves oxidation of excess retinol to retinoic acid (RA).	Vitamin A	117-124	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	66-70
12851412-2	2003	Previous genetic studies have revealed that alcohol dehydrogenase Adh1 is required for efficient clearance of excess retinol to prevent toxicity, thus demonstrating that the mechanism involves oxidation of excess retinol to retinoic acid (RA).	Vitamin A	213-220	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	66-70
12851412-3	2003	Whereas Adh1 plays a dominant role in the first step of the clearance pathway (oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde), it is unknown what controls the second step (oxidation of retinaldehyde to RA).	Vitamin A	92-99	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	8-12
12851412-4	2003	We now present genetic evidence that aldehyde dehydrogenase Aldh1a1, also known as retinaldehyde dehydrogenase Raldh1, plays a dominant role in the second step of retinol clearance in adult mice.	Vitamin A	163-170	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	60-67
12851412-4	2003	We now present genetic evidence that aldehyde dehydrogenase Aldh1a1, also known as retinaldehyde dehydrogenase Raldh1, plays a dominant role in the second step of retinol clearance in adult mice.	Vitamin A	163-170	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	111-117
12947436-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein and concentrations of retinol, retinyl esters, vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoids, and selenium.	Vitamin A	119-126	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	78-96
12947436-5	2003	RESULTS: C-reactive protein concentration (dichotomized at the sex-specific 85th percentile) was inversely and significantly associated with concentrations of retinol, retinyl esters, vitamin C, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, lycopene, and selenium after adjustment for age, sex, race or ethnicity, education, cotinine concentration, body mass index, leisure-time physical activity, and aspirin use.	Vitamin A	159-166	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	9-27
14633234-1	2003	Vitamin A (VA) deficiency and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP), a protein that binds retinol and retinyl esters in canine urine, might be involved in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis in dogs.	Vitamin A	85-92	uromodulin	Canis lupus familiaris	30-56
14633234-1	2003	Vitamin A (VA) deficiency and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP), a protein that binds retinol and retinyl esters in canine urine, might be involved in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis in dogs.	Vitamin A	85-92	uromodulin	Canis lupus familiaris	58-61
12901928-7	2003	At 1 microM treatment, like retinol, derivatives 3 and 4 were specifically active for RARalpha out of six retinoid receptors (RAR/RXRalpha, beta, gamma).	Vitamin A	28-35	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	86-94
12901928-7	2003	At 1 microM treatment, like retinol, derivatives 3 and 4 were specifically active for RARalpha out of six retinoid receptors (RAR/RXRalpha, beta, gamma).	Vitamin A	28-35	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	86-89
12901928-7	2003	At 1 microM treatment, like retinol, derivatives 3 and 4 were specifically active for RARalpha out of six retinoid receptors (RAR/RXRalpha, beta, gamma).	Vitamin A	28-35	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	130-138
12901928-10	2003	Collagenase promoter activity, which is increased by c-Jun expression, was reduced 42% by retinol treatment.	Vitamin A	90-97	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
12901928-13	2003	Taken together, our results suggest that retinol derivative 3 is a promising antiwrinkle agent based on its higher photo-stability, lower RARalpha activity (possibly indicating reduced side effects), and similar effect on collagenase expression.	Vitamin A	41-48	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	138-146
12880980-1	2003	Retinoids are derivatives of vitamin A that include all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), 13-cis-retinoic acid, (13-cis-RA), and fenretinide (4-HPR).	Vitamin A	29-38	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	138-141
12851412-5	2003	Serum RA levels following a 50 mg/kg dose of retinol were reduced 72% in Raldh1-/- mice and 82% in Adh1-/- mice.	Vitamin A	45-52	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	73-79
12851412-5	2003	Serum RA levels following a 50 mg/kg dose of retinol were reduced 72% in Raldh1-/- mice and 82% in Adh1-/- mice.	Vitamin A	45-52	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	99-103
12851412-8	2003	Serum retinol clearance following retinol administration was decreased 7% in Raldh1-/- mice and 69% in Adh1-/- mice.	Vitamin A	6-13	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	77-83
12851412-8	2003	Serum retinol clearance following retinol administration was decreased 7% in Raldh1-/- mice and 69% in Adh1-/- mice.	Vitamin A	34-41	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	77-83
12851412-9	2003	LD50 studies indicated a small increase in retinol toxicity in Raldh1-/- mice and a large increase in Adh1-/- mice.	Vitamin A	43-50	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	63-69
12851412-10	2003	These observations demonstrate that Raldh1 functions downstream of Adh1 in the oxidative metabolism of excess retinol and that toxicity correlates primarily with accumulating retinol rather than retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	110-117	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	36-42
12851412-10	2003	These observations demonstrate that Raldh1 functions downstream of Adh1 in the oxidative metabolism of excess retinol and that toxicity correlates primarily with accumulating retinol rather than retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	110-117	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	67-71
12851412-10	2003	These observations demonstrate that Raldh1 functions downstream of Adh1 in the oxidative metabolism of excess retinol and that toxicity correlates primarily with accumulating retinol rather than retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	175-182	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	36-42
12910240-2	2003	Opsin expressed in HEK293 cells has been reported to form rhodopsin on the addition of all-trans retinol, indicating that the machinery for retinoid isomerization is present.	Vitamin A	97-104	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	58-67
12593674-1	2003	Retinol is transported in the blood bound to a specific carrier protein called retinol-binding protein (RBP), which in turn binds to another protein, transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric, thyroid-hormone-transporting protein.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	79-102
12593674-1	2003	Retinol is transported in the blood bound to a specific carrier protein called retinol-binding protein (RBP), which in turn binds to another protein, transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric, thyroid-hormone-transporting protein.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	104-107
12593674-1	2003	Retinol is transported in the blood bound to a specific carrier protein called retinol-binding protein (RBP), which in turn binds to another protein, transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric, thyroid-hormone-transporting protein.	Vitamin A	0-7	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	150-163
12593674-1	2003	Retinol is transported in the blood bound to a specific carrier protein called retinol-binding protein (RBP), which in turn binds to another protein, transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric, thyroid-hormone-transporting protein.	Vitamin A	0-7	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	165-168
12908896-8	2003	Positive correlations between retinol and ACT (r 0.186, P=0.05) and AGP (r 0.31, P=0.0001) during days 1-5 may be due to the increasing plasma retinol from maternal milk and a coincidental increasing capacity to synthesise APP.	Vitamin A	30-37	serpin family A member 3	Homo sapiens	42-45
12908896-8	2003	Positive correlations between retinol and ACT (r 0.186, P=0.05) and AGP (r 0.31, P=0.0001) during days 1-5 may be due to the increasing plasma retinol from maternal milk and a coincidental increasing capacity to synthesise APP.	Vitamin A	143-150	serpin family A member 3	Homo sapiens	42-45
12908896-9	2003	Subsequently, negative correlations between retinol and ACT (r -0.28, P=0.02) and AGP (r -0.29, P=0.018) from day 6 onwards reflected the continuing increase in plasma retinol, but no further increase in the APP.	Vitamin A	44-51	serpin family A member 3	Homo sapiens	56-59
12883492-1	2003	The cellular retinol-binding protein-1 (CRBP-1) plays a key role in the esterification and intercellular transfer of retinol.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	40-46
12883492-10	2003	In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that CRBP-1 detection may be useful for the discrimination between nonneoplastic and neoplastic liver cells and suggest that modulation of CRBP-1 expression in HCCs contributes to tumor growth and progression via retinoid-mediated signaling and disruption of cellular vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	308-317	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	45-51
12883492-10	2003	In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that CRBP-1 detection may be useful for the discrimination between nonneoplastic and neoplastic liver cells and suggest that modulation of CRBP-1 expression in HCCs contributes to tumor growth and progression via retinoid-mediated signaling and disruption of cellular vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	308-317	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	179-185
12883492-10	2003	In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that CRBP-1 detection may be useful for the discrimination between nonneoplastic and neoplastic liver cells and suggest that modulation of CRBP-1 expression in HCCs contributes to tumor growth and progression via retinoid-mediated signaling and disruption of cellular vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	308-317	holocytochrome c synthase	Homo sapiens	200-204
12882839-1	2003	The vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), affects Th1 and Th2 development.	Vitamin A	4-13	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	54-57
12882839-1	2003	The vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), affects Th1 and Th2 development.	Vitamin A	4-13	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	62-65
12867074-8	2003	Certain retinoids, natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, repress cyclin D1, but activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) induces cyclin D1.	Vitamin A	56-65	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	75-84
12815097-4	2003	Impaired protein endocytosis in PTC of ClC-5 KO mice was demonstrated by (i) a major decreased uptake of injected 125I-beta 2-microglobulin, but not of the fluid-phase tracer, FITC-dextran, (ii) reduced labeling of endosomes by injected peroxidase and for the endogenous megalin/cubilin ligands, vitamin D- and retinol-binding proteins, and (iii) urinary appearance of low-molecular-weight proteins and the selective cubilin ligand, transferrin.	Vitamin A	311-318	chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 5	Mus musculus	39-44
12850148-1	2003	Cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBP I) and cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) are closely homologous proteins that play distinct roles in the maintenance of vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	173-182	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-34
12850148-1	2003	Cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBP I) and cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) are closely homologous proteins that play distinct roles in the maintenance of vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	173-182	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-42
12850148-1	2003	Cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBP I) and cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) are closely homologous proteins that play distinct roles in the maintenance of vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	173-182	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	48-83
12850148-1	2003	Cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBP I) and cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) are closely homologous proteins that play distinct roles in the maintenance of vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	173-182	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	85-92
12850148-4	2003	Intraligand NOE cross-peaks were detected for the hydroxyl proton in the NOESY spectrum of CRBP I-bound retinol, but not for CRBP II-bound retinol, indicating that the conformational dynamics of retinol binding are different for these two proteins.	Vitamin A	104-111	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-97
12850148-7	2003	Thus binding of retinol markedly reduced conformational flexibility in both CRBP I and CRBP II on the micro- to millisecond timescale.	Vitamin A	16-23	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-82
12850148-7	2003	Thus binding of retinol markedly reduced conformational flexibility in both CRBP I and CRBP II on the micro- to millisecond timescale.	Vitamin A	16-23	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	87-94
12844391-5	2003	Rats fed a vitamin A-deficient diet for 10 weeks exhibited a decreased expression of RAR, RXR and TR mRNA and of RC3 mRNA and proteins.	Vitamin A	11-20	neurogranin	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
12835288-3	2003	Hence, RARA may influence disease risk via an interaction with vitamin A and related compounds.	Vitamin A	63-72	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	7-11
12759335-1	2003	Beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCM) catalyzes the first step of vitamin A biosynthesis from provitamin A carotenoids.	Vitamin A	69-78	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	0-34
12855611-10	2003	Plasma retinol levels decreased in association with increasing 4-HPR doses.	Vitamin A	7-14	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	65-68
12759335-1	2003	Beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCM) catalyzes the first step of vitamin A biosynthesis from provitamin A carotenoids.	Vitamin A	69-78	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	36-39
12759335-1	2003	Beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCM) catalyzes the first step of vitamin A biosynthesis from provitamin A carotenoids.	Vitamin A	97-109	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	0-34
12759335-1	2003	Beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCM) catalyzes the first step of vitamin A biosynthesis from provitamin A carotenoids.	Vitamin A	97-109	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	36-39
12755610-1	2003	Lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the esterification of all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinyl ester, an essential reaction in the vertebrate visual cycle.	Vitamin A	72-89	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-32
12787682-9	2003	All these changes, which reveal a substantially lowered conformational stability of RBP, presumably occur at the initial stages of the acidic denaturation of RBP and are possibly associated with a facilitated release of the retinol molecule from its carrier protein.	Vitamin A	224-231	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	158-161
12787032-1	2003	ADH1 and ADH4 are the major alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) in ethanol and retinol oxidation.	Vitamin A	72-79	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
12787032-1	2003	ADH1 and ADH4 are the major alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) in ethanol and retinol oxidation.	Vitamin A	72-79	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
12787032-1	2003	ADH1 and ADH4 are the major alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) in ethanol and retinol oxidation.	Vitamin A	72-79	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	28-50
12787032-1	2003	ADH1 and ADH4 are the major alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) in ethanol and retinol oxidation.	Vitamin A	72-79	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
12787032-9	2003	Localization of ADH, acting as retinol dehydrogenase/retinal reductase, also indicates sites of active retinoid metabolism in the gut, essential for mucosa function and vitamin A absorption.	Vitamin A	169-178	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
12805409-9	2003	The RARbeta(2) target genes are transcriptionally activated by retinol, as well as RA, in F9 Wt cells.	Vitamin A	63-70	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	4-11
12789571-1	2003	The gene ABCA4 encodes the rod and cone photoreceptor Rim protein, which is a transmembrane transporter of vitamin A intermediates.	Vitamin A	107-116	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 4	Mus musculus	9-14
12840167-0	2003	Vitamin A depletion is associated with low phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase mRNA levels during late fetal development and at birth in mice.	Vitamin A	0-9	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	43-76
12840167-4	2003	In addition, expression and cAMP induction of the PEPCK gene during late gestation and at birth require vitamin A sufficiency in the fetus and neonate.	Vitamin A	104-113	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	50-55
12840167-9	2003	Although expressions of RXRalpha and CBP in livers of vitamin A-sufficient and vitamin A-depleted fetal mice did not differ, the level of HNF4alpha was consistently lower in the latter.	Vitamin A	54-63	retinoid X receptor alpha	Mus musculus	24-32
12840167-10	2003	Our findings strongly suggest that vitamin A is required during liver development for staged expression of the PEPCK gene and that HNF4alpha may be involved in mediating vitamin A regulation of the PEPCK gene at these critical periods.	Vitamin A	35-44	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	111-116
12840167-10	2003	Our findings strongly suggest that vitamin A is required during liver development for staged expression of the PEPCK gene and that HNF4alpha may be involved in mediating vitamin A regulation of the PEPCK gene at these critical periods.	Vitamin A	170-179	hepatic nuclear factor 4, alpha	Mus musculus	131-140
12840167-10	2003	Our findings strongly suggest that vitamin A is required during liver development for staged expression of the PEPCK gene and that HNF4alpha may be involved in mediating vitamin A regulation of the PEPCK gene at these critical periods.	Vitamin A	170-179	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	198-203
12787682-3	2003	RBP is a plasma transport protein which delivers specifically retinol from its store sites to target cells.	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	0-3
12787682-7	2003	At this pH, most significant are the alteration of the arrangement of salt bridges and of the network of water molecules/H-bonds that participates in the retinol-RBP interaction, an appreciable increase of the volume of the beta-barrel cavity, a considerably higher degree of mobility of the RBP-bound ligand and of several protein regions and the disorder of a large number of solvent molecules that are ordered at neutral pH.	Vitamin A	154-161	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	162-165
12787682-9	2003	All these changes, which reveal a substantially lowered conformational stability of RBP, presumably occur at the initial stages of the acidic denaturation of RBP and are possibly associated with a facilitated release of the retinol molecule from its carrier protein.	Vitamin A	224-231	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	84-87
12766968-9	2003	Using this assay, we identified several new Pgp substrates, including monensin and retinol, and confirmed that interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma can be transported by Pgp.	Vitamin A	83-90	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	44-47
12766968-9	2003	Using this assay, we identified several new Pgp substrates, including monensin and retinol, and confirmed that interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma can be transported by Pgp.	Vitamin A	83-90	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	111-124
12766968-9	2003	Using this assay, we identified several new Pgp substrates, including monensin and retinol, and confirmed that interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma can be transported by Pgp.	Vitamin A	83-90	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	129-145
12766968-9	2003	Using this assay, we identified several new Pgp substrates, including monensin and retinol, and confirmed that interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma can be transported by Pgp.	Vitamin A	83-90	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	168-171
12741839-5	2003	The two enzymes that effect interconversion of all-trans-retinol and all-trans-retinyl esters are lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) and retinyl ester hydrolase (REH).	Vitamin A	47-64	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	98-131
12741839-5	2003	The two enzymes that effect interconversion of all-trans-retinol and all-trans-retinyl esters are lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) and retinyl ester hydrolase (REH).	Vitamin A	47-64	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	133-137
12741839-5	2003	The two enzymes that effect interconversion of all-trans-retinol and all-trans-retinyl esters are lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) and retinyl ester hydrolase (REH).	Vitamin A	47-64	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	143-166
12741839-5	2003	The two enzymes that effect interconversion of all-trans-retinol and all-trans-retinyl esters are lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) and retinyl ester hydrolase (REH).	Vitamin A	47-64	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	168-171
12741839-6	2003	The retinyl ester or all-trans-retinol pools are radioactively labeled separately in the presence of inhibitors of LRAT and REH, effectively preventing their interconversion.	Vitamin A	21-38	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	115-119
12741839-6	2003	The retinyl ester or all-trans-retinol pools are radioactively labeled separately in the presence of inhibitors of LRAT and REH, effectively preventing their interconversion.	Vitamin A	21-38	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	124-127
12741936-7	2003	There were significant inverse linear relationships between concentrations of CRP and plasma concentrations of the antioxidants lycopene, beta-carotene, cryptoxanthin and retinol.	Vitamin A	171-178	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	78-81
12755610-1	2003	Lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the esterification of all-trans-retinol into all-trans-retinyl ester, an essential reaction in the vertebrate visual cycle.	Vitamin A	72-89	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
12663486-4	2003	Despite exhibiting an >85% decrease in serum retinol, adult RBP-null mice are viable, breed, and have normal vision when maintained on a vitamin A-sufficient diet.	Vitamin A	140-149	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	63-66
12548658-2	2003	Retinol is transported systemically and intercellularly by retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	84-87
12668631-5	2003	We cloned the zebrafish gene encoding the vitamin A-forming enzyme, a beta,beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase.	Vitamin A	42-51	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Danio rerio	70-105
12914283-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: beta-carotene (beta-C) is a major and safe vitamin A source for a vast population in China.	Vitamin A	54-63	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	26-32
12914283-2	2003	But there is little understanding on beta-C-vitamin A equivalence in Chinese population.	Vitamin A	44-53	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	37-43
12914283-14	2003	In the normal converters (7 males and 4 females), the calculated conversion factor of beta-C to retinol in1, 6, 13, 20, 27, 34, 41, and 52 days are 7.1 +/- 3.4, 5.6 +/- 2.7, 5.4 +/- 2.9, 5.1 +/- 2.8, 5.0 +/- 3.0, 5.0 +/- 2.9, 4.9 +/- 2.9, 4.8 +/- 2.8 to 1 on a molar basis respectively, and the corresponding post intestinal absorption conversion is estimated as (19.7 +/- 17.8)%, (22.7 +/- 20.5)%, (26.3 +/- 21.2)%, (27.8 +/- 22.7)%, (28.6 +/- 22.7)%, (29.5 +/- 22.8)% and (30.1 +/- 22.1)% of the total converted retinol.	Vitamin A	96-103	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	86-92
12914283-14	2003	In the normal converters (7 males and 4 females), the calculated conversion factor of beta-C to retinol in1, 6, 13, 20, 27, 34, 41, and 52 days are 7.1 +/- 3.4, 5.6 +/- 2.7, 5.4 +/- 2.9, 5.1 +/- 2.8, 5.0 +/- 3.0, 5.0 +/- 2.9, 4.9 +/- 2.9, 4.8 +/- 2.8 to 1 on a molar basis respectively, and the corresponding post intestinal absorption conversion is estimated as (19.7 +/- 17.8)%, (22.7 +/- 20.5)%, (26.3 +/- 21.2)%, (27.8 +/- 22.7)%, (28.6 +/- 22.7)%, (29.5 +/- 22.8)% and (30.1 +/- 22.1)% of the total converted retinol.	Vitamin A	514-521	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	86-92
12697331-1	2003	The human transthyretin (TTR) gene encodes a protein composed of four identical subunits with an important role in the plasma transport of thyroid hormone T4 and retinol.	Vitamin A	162-169	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	10-23
12697331-1	2003	The human transthyretin (TTR) gene encodes a protein composed of four identical subunits with an important role in the plasma transport of thyroid hormone T4 and retinol.	Vitamin A	162-169	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	25-28
12536144-9	2003	Overall, the results show that the M225K mutation abolishes and the R233W mutation tightens retinoid binding and both impair CRALBP function in the visual cycle as an 11-cis-retinol acceptor and as a substrate carrier.	Vitamin A	167-181	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	125-131
12536149-1	2003	Retinoid interactions determine the function of the cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP) in the rod visual cycle where it serves as an 11-cis-retinol acceptor for the enzymatic isomerization of all-trans- to 11-cis-retinol and as a substrate carrier for 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH5).	Vitamin A	146-160	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	52-90
12536149-1	2003	Retinoid interactions determine the function of the cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP) in the rod visual cycle where it serves as an 11-cis-retinol acceptor for the enzymatic isomerization of all-trans- to 11-cis-retinol and as a substrate carrier for 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH5).	Vitamin A	146-160	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	92-98
12536149-1	2003	Retinoid interactions determine the function of the cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP) in the rod visual cycle where it serves as an 11-cis-retinol acceptor for the enzymatic isomerization of all-trans- to 11-cis-retinol and as a substrate carrier for 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH5).	Vitamin A	146-160	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Homo sapiens	265-293
12536149-1	2003	Retinoid interactions determine the function of the cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP) in the rod visual cycle where it serves as an 11-cis-retinol acceptor for the enzymatic isomerization of all-trans- to 11-cis-retinol and as a substrate carrier for 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH5).	Vitamin A	146-160	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Homo sapiens	295-299
12536149-1	2003	Retinoid interactions determine the function of the cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP) in the rod visual cycle where it serves as an 11-cis-retinol acceptor for the enzymatic isomerization of all-trans- to 11-cis-retinol and as a substrate carrier for 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH5).	Vitamin A	219-233	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	52-90
12536149-1	2003	Retinoid interactions determine the function of the cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP) in the rod visual cycle where it serves as an 11-cis-retinol acceptor for the enzymatic isomerization of all-trans- to 11-cis-retinol and as a substrate carrier for 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH5).	Vitamin A	219-233	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	92-98
12536149-1	2003	Retinoid interactions determine the function of the cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP) in the rod visual cycle where it serves as an 11-cis-retinol acceptor for the enzymatic isomerization of all-trans- to 11-cis-retinol and as a substrate carrier for 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH5).	Vitamin A	219-233	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Homo sapiens	265-293
12536149-1	2003	Retinoid interactions determine the function of the cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP) in the rod visual cycle where it serves as an 11-cis-retinol acceptor for the enzymatic isomerization of all-trans- to 11-cis-retinol and as a substrate carrier for 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (RDH5).	Vitamin A	219-233	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Homo sapiens	295-299
12536149-6	2003	Altered kinetic parameters were observed for RDH5 oxidation of 11-cis-retinol bound to rCRALBP mutants M222A, M225A, and W244F, supporting impaired substrate carrier function.	Vitamin A	63-77	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Homo sapiens	45-49
12606456-3	2003	It is known that retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) and its retinoic acid ligand, the acid form of vitamin A, are required for spermatogenesis.	Vitamin A	104-113	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	17-45
12606456-3	2003	It is known that retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARalpha) and its retinoic acid ligand, the acid form of vitamin A, are required for spermatogenesis.	Vitamin A	104-113	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	47-55
12654165-7	2003	Weak, positive associations were found between CD4+ lymphocyte count and plasma levels of retinol (r 0.27; 95 % CI 0.1, 0.43) and Zn (r 0.31; 95 % CI 0.25, 0.46).	Vitamin A	90-97	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	47-50
12654005-8	2003	Vitamin A supplementation increased expression of c-Jun, while decreasing the expression of p53 and p21WAF1/CIF1.	Vitamin A	0-9	Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	92-95
12657577-11	2003	However, the inferred fractional influx (molar amount of entering all-trans retinol divided by the molar amount of RPE retinyl ester) in Rpe65(+/+) animals (0.34 +/- 0.04 and 0.10 +/- 0.03, respectively, for 1- and 3-month mice) substantially exceeded that for Rpe65(-/-) animals (0.055 +/- 0.023 and 0.015 +/- 0.006, respectively, for 1- and 3-month mice).	Vitamin A	76-83	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	137-142
12660332-10	2003	In conclusion, active metabolites of vitamin A, especially ATRA produced by RALDH2 play relevant roles during the repairing process of injured podocytes.	Vitamin A	37-46	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2	Rattus norvegicus	76-82
12701068-12	2003	Consequently, a significant proportion of the retinol is esterified by acyl coenzyme A:retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) with ingested fatty acids, explaining the appearance of retinyl linoleate in chylomicrons after the sunflower oil meal.	Vitamin A	46-53	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	112-116
12701068-13	2003	If a high dose of preformed vitamin A is ingested with a fat-free meal, a significant proportion of retinol is not esterified, owing to the lack of fatty acids for ARAT, which explains the appearance of free retinol in chylomicrons.	Vitamin A	28-37	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	164-168
12646198-1	2003	Retinol dehydrogenase-4 (RoDH-4) converts retinol and 13-cis-retinol to corresponding aldehydes in human liver and skin in the presence of NAD(+).	Vitamin A	42-49	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Homo sapiens	0-23
12646198-1	2003	Retinol dehydrogenase-4 (RoDH-4) converts retinol and 13-cis-retinol to corresponding aldehydes in human liver and skin in the presence of NAD(+).	Vitamin A	42-49	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Homo sapiens	25-31
12646198-3	2003	This oxidative 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD) activity of RoDH-4 is competitively inhibited by retinol and 13-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	115-122	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 6	Homo sapiens	5-51
12646198-3	2003	This oxidative 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD) activity of RoDH-4 is competitively inhibited by retinol and 13-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	115-122	dehydrogenase/reductase 9	Homo sapiens	53-64
12646198-3	2003	This oxidative 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD) activity of RoDH-4 is competitively inhibited by retinol and 13-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	115-122	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Homo sapiens	78-84
12646198-5	2003	Recombinant RoDH-4 oxidized 3,4-didehydroretinol-a major form of vitamin A in the skin-to its corresponding aldehyde.	Vitamin A	65-74	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Homo sapiens	12-18
12584240-1	2003	Megalin is a receptor expressed by embryonic epithelia that mediates endocytosis of numerous ligands, including sonic hedgehog (Shh) and retinol, the precursor to retinoic acid (RA).	Vitamin A	137-144	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2	Mus musculus	0-7
12584240-4	2003	These include the involvement of megalin in the transport of Shh and retinol within neuroepithelia, as well as direct signal transduction as a response to binding of Shh and retinol to megalin.	Vitamin A	69-76	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2	Mus musculus	33-40
12502713-6	2003	Ce-FAR-1 to -6 bound DAUDA (11-((5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)amino)undecanoic acid), cis-parinaric acid, and retinol with dissociation constants in the micromolar range, whereas Ce-FAR-7 bound the latter two lipids relatively poorly.	Vitamin A	119-126	Fatty-acid and retinol-binding protein 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	3-14
12631600-1	2003	PURPOSE: We have previously found that cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1),involved in retinol transport and metabolism, is down-regulated in an in vitro rat model of ovarian cancer and in several human ovarian cancer cell lines.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	75-80
12631600-11	2003	Our findings suggest that the loss of CRBP1 expression contributes to the ovarian cancer oncogenesis via altered vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	113-122	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	38-43
12548658-2	2003	Retinol is transported systemically and intercellularly by retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	59-82
12697717-6	2003	Of the proteins with known function, 17 beta HSDXI is most closely related to the retinol-metabolizing enzyme retSDR1, with which it has 30% identity.	Vitamin A	82-89	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 11	Homo sapiens	37-50
12697717-6	2003	Of the proteins with known function, 17 beta HSDXI is most closely related to the retinol-metabolizing enzyme retSDR1, with which it has 30% identity.	Vitamin A	82-89	dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Homo sapiens	110-117
12814263-3	2003	The removal of the disulfide bonds led to a decrease in the affinity of RBP for all trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	84-97	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	72-75
12814263-4	2003	Data indicates all-trans-retinol binds RBP and RBP-S with Kd = 4 x 10(-8) M and 1 x 10(-7) M, respectively, at approximately 20 degrees C. RBP-S has reduced stability as compared to natural RBP below pH 8.0 and at room temperature.	Vitamin A	19-32	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-42
12814263-4	2003	Data indicates all-trans-retinol binds RBP and RBP-S with Kd = 4 x 10(-8) M and 1 x 10(-7) M, respectively, at approximately 20 degrees C. RBP-S has reduced stability as compared to natural RBP below pH 8.0 and at room temperature.	Vitamin A	19-32	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-50
12814263-4	2003	Data indicates all-trans-retinol binds RBP and RBP-S with Kd = 4 x 10(-8) M and 1 x 10(-7) M, respectively, at approximately 20 degrees C. RBP-S has reduced stability as compared to natural RBP below pH 8.0 and at room temperature.	Vitamin A	19-32	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-50
12814263-4	2003	Data indicates all-trans-retinol binds RBP and RBP-S with Kd = 4 x 10(-8) M and 1 x 10(-7) M, respectively, at approximately 20 degrees C. RBP-S has reduced stability as compared to natural RBP below pH 8.0 and at room temperature.	Vitamin A	19-32	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-50
12880110-7	2003	These results, however, lead to the hypothesis that some cattle have a reduced capacity to metabolize beta-carotene to various forms of vitamin A, a compound that can reduce delta9 desaturase enzyme activity.	Vitamin A	136-145	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Bos taurus	174-191
12770645-9	2003	Plasma concentrations of trans-retinol (vitamin A) were reduced by CCl4 administration in both the dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate supplemented and unsupplemented diet groups.	Vitamin A	25-38	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
12770645-9	2003	Plasma concentrations of trans-retinol (vitamin A) were reduced by CCl4 administration in both the dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate supplemented and unsupplemented diet groups.	Vitamin A	40-49	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
12548658-3	2003	Within the cell, cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) functions in retinol accumulation and metabolism.	Vitamin A	26-33	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	51-55
12590612-5	2003	Inhibition of lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) with 10-N-acetamidodecyl chloromethyl ketone (AcDCMK) or cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBP) diminished the generation of both retinyl esters and 11-cis retinol from all-trans retinol.	Vitamin A	206-220	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	14-46
12708040-3	2003	Activated rhodopsin is then inactivated and uncouples all-trans-retinal, which is metabolized to all-trans-retinol and transferred to the retinal pigment epithelium, where it is re-isomerzed to form 11-cis-retinal.	Vitamin A	107-114	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	10-19
12590612-5	2003	Inhibition of lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) with 10-N-acetamidodecyl chloromethyl ketone (AcDCMK) or cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBP) diminished the generation of both retinyl esters and 11-cis retinol from all-trans retinol.	Vitamin A	206-220	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	48-52
12590612-5	2003	Inhibition of lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) with 10-N-acetamidodecyl chloromethyl ketone (AcDCMK) or cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBP) diminished the generation of both retinyl esters and 11-cis retinol from all-trans retinol.	Vitamin A	206-220	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	111-145
12590612-5	2003	Inhibition of lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) with 10-N-acetamidodecyl chloromethyl ketone (AcDCMK) or cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBP) diminished the generation of both retinyl esters and 11-cis retinol from all-trans retinol.	Vitamin A	23-30	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	48-52
12594048-1	2003	Mouse rdh1 encodes retinol dehydrogenase type 1 (RDH1), a short-chain dehydrogenase, which recognizes as substrates all-trans-retinol, 9-cis-retinol, 5alpha-androstan-3,17-diol and 5alpha-androstan-3-ol-17-one.	Vitamin A	116-133	retinol dehydrogenase 1 (all trans)	Mus musculus	6-10
12594048-1	2003	Mouse rdh1 encodes retinol dehydrogenase type 1 (RDH1), a short-chain dehydrogenase, which recognizes as substrates all-trans-retinol, 9-cis-retinol, 5alpha-androstan-3,17-diol and 5alpha-androstan-3-ol-17-one.	Vitamin A	116-133	retinol dehydrogenase 1 (all trans)	Mus musculus	19-47
12594048-1	2003	Mouse rdh1 encodes retinol dehydrogenase type 1 (RDH1), a short-chain dehydrogenase, which recognizes as substrates all-trans-retinol, 9-cis-retinol, 5alpha-androstan-3,17-diol and 5alpha-androstan-3-ol-17-one.	Vitamin A	116-133	retinol dehydrogenase 1 (all trans)	Mus musculus	49-53
12594048-2	2003	RDH1 is the most efficient known mouse short-chain dehydrogenase that catalyzes dehydrogenation of all-trans-retinol, and contributes to a reconstituted path of all-trans-retinoic acid biosynthesis, when coexpressed in reporter cells with any one of three retinal dehydrogenases.	Vitamin A	99-116	retinol dehydrogenase 1 (all trans)	Mus musculus	0-4
12596044-0	2003	Vitamin A prevents the irreversible proliferation of vaginal epithelium induced by neonatal injection of keratinocyte growth factor in mice.	Vitamin A	0-9	fibroblast growth factor 7	Mus musculus	105-131
12596044-4	2003	This study was designed to examine whether concurrent administration of vitamin A inhibits the development of the irreversible vaginal changes in mice exposed neonatally to KGF.	Vitamin A	72-81	fibroblast growth factor 7	Mus musculus	173-176
12604205-3	2003	Mouse genetic studies support a role for cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH) in the first step (oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde) and a role for cytosolic retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (RALDH) in the second step (oxidation of retinaldehyde to RA).	Vitamin A	112-119	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	75-78
12604205-4	2003	Mice lacking ADH3 have reduced survival and a growth defect that can be rescued by dietary retinol supplementation, whereas the effect of a loss of ADH1 or ADH4 is noticed only in mice subjected to vitamin A excess or deficiency, respectively.	Vitamin A	91-98	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	13-17
12604205-8	2003	Collectively, these genetic findings indicate that metabolism of retinol to retinaldehyde is not tissue-restricted as it is catalyzed by ubiquitously-expressed ADH3 (a low activity form) as well as by tissue-specifically expressed ADH1 and ADH4 (high activity forms).	Vitamin A	65-72	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	160-164
12604205-8	2003	Collectively, these genetic findings indicate that metabolism of retinol to retinaldehyde is not tissue-restricted as it is catalyzed by ubiquitously-expressed ADH3 (a low activity form) as well as by tissue-specifically expressed ADH1 and ADH4 (high activity forms).	Vitamin A	65-72	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	231-235
12604205-8	2003	Collectively, these genetic findings indicate that metabolism of retinol to retinaldehyde is not tissue-restricted as it is catalyzed by ubiquitously-expressed ADH3 (a low activity form) as well as by tissue-specifically expressed ADH1 and ADH4 (high activity forms).	Vitamin A	65-72	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Mus musculus	240-244
12604207-3	2003	ADH4 exhibits the highest catalytic efficiency for retinol oxidation in human ADH family.	Vitamin A	51-58	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-4
12604207-3	2003	ADH4 exhibits the highest catalytic efficiency for retinol oxidation in human ADH family.	Vitamin A	51-58	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
12604207-5	2003	When functioning as retinol dehydrogenase, the mechanism of ADH4 deduced from steady-state kinetic and equilibrium-binding studies is best described as a rapid equilibrium random mechanism with two dead-end ternary complex for retinol oxidation and a rapid equilibrium ordered mechanism with one dead-end ternary complex for retinal reduction, a unique mechanistic form for zinc-containing ADHs in the medium chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily.	Vitamin A	20-27	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	60-64
12604207-7	2003	Quantitative simulation studies indicate that retinol metabolism through ADH pathway can be inhibited to a significant extent during alcohol consumption.	Vitamin A	46-53	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	73-76
12604214-1	2003	Human NAD(+)-dependent microsomal short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase RoDH-4 oxidizes all-trans-retinol, 13-cis-retinol and 3alpha-hydroxysteroids to corresponding retinaldehydes and 3-ketones.	Vitamin A	86-103	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Homo sapiens	70-76
12538081-2	2003	Recently, studies in vivo and in cell lines have shown that vitamin A and its active metabolite, retinoic acid, regulate the expression of fatty acid desaturases including stearoyl-CoA desaturase and delta-5 desaturase.	Vitamin A	60-69	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Homo sapiens	172-195
12737996-5	2003	Measurements of enterocyte brush-border enzyme activities revealed that lactase, sucrase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) were significantly reduced in the monocolonized vitamin A-deficient rats compared to the pair-fed controls, indicating a severe functional disturbance of the enterocytes.	Vitamin A	210-219	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	72-79
12737996-5	2003	Measurements of enterocyte brush-border enzyme activities revealed that lactase, sucrase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) were significantly reduced in the monocolonized vitamin A-deficient rats compared to the pair-fed controls, indicating a severe functional disturbance of the enterocytes.	Vitamin A	210-219	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-124
12737996-5	2003	Measurements of enterocyte brush-border enzyme activities revealed that lactase, sucrase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) were significantly reduced in the monocolonized vitamin A-deficient rats compared to the pair-fed controls, indicating a severe functional disturbance of the enterocytes.	Vitamin A	210-219	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	154-160
12618084-6	2003	In the prevailing oxidative reaction it recognizes both free- and CRBP-bound retinol, and shows preference toward NADP as a co-substrate.	Vitamin A	77-84	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	66-70
12628590-1	2003	The cellular retinoic acid binding protein-II (CRABP-II) is an intracellular protein involved in the transmission of the vitamin A-derived signal which regulates genes responsible for lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation.	Vitamin A	121-130	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	4-45
12628590-1	2003	The cellular retinoic acid binding protein-II (CRABP-II) is an intracellular protein involved in the transmission of the vitamin A-derived signal which regulates genes responsible for lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation.	Vitamin A	121-130	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	47-55
12591543-0	2003	Retinol and alpha-tocopherol in serum of type 1 diabetic patients with intensive insulin therapy: a long term follow-up study.	Vitamin A	0-7	insulin	Homo sapiens	81-88
12591543-5	2003	RESULTS: At entrance, serum retinol concentrations, but not the ratio of alpha-tocopherol to cholesterol, showed a negative correlation with increasing values of HbA1c and insulin dose, neither of which was significant in multiple regression models.	Vitamin A	28-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	172-179
12718506-1	2003	Megalin, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) are involved in the renal metabolism of vitamin A in canine species.	Vitamin A	116-125	uromodulin	Canis lupus familiaris	43-69
12718506-1	2003	Megalin, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) are involved in the renal metabolism of vitamin A in canine species.	Vitamin A	116-125	uromodulin	Canis lupus familiaris	71-74
12718506-7	2003	The presence of THP, the carrier for vitamin A in canine urine, showed that vitamin A excretion in the urine of dogs is not merely a filtration process but also seems to be a pathway located in the distal part of the nephron.	Vitamin A	37-46	uromodulin	Canis lupus familiaris	16-19
12718506-7	2003	The presence of THP, the carrier for vitamin A in canine urine, showed that vitamin A excretion in the urine of dogs is not merely a filtration process but also seems to be a pathway located in the distal part of the nephron.	Vitamin A	76-85	uromodulin	Canis lupus familiaris	16-19
12534290-0	2003	Differential recognition of the free versus bound retinol by human microsomal retinol/sterol dehydrogenases: characterization of the holo-CRBP dehydrogenase activity of RoDH-4.	Vitamin A	50-57	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	138-142
12534290-0	2003	Differential recognition of the free versus bound retinol by human microsomal retinol/sterol dehydrogenases: characterization of the holo-CRBP dehydrogenase activity of RoDH-4.	Vitamin A	50-57	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Homo sapiens	169-175
12534290-2	2003	In the cytosol of various cells, most retinol exists in a bound form, complexed with cellular retinol binding protein type I (holo-CRBP).	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	131-135
12534290-2	2003	In the cytosol of various cells, most retinol exists in a bound form, complexed with cellular retinol binding protein type I (holo-CRBP).	Vitamin A	94-101	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	131-135
12534290-5	2003	The ability to utilize holo-CRBP differentiates RoDH-4 from a related enzyme, RoDH-like 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3alpha-HSD), which is 3-fold more active with free retinol than RoDH-4 but is 15-fold less active toward holo-CRBP.	Vitamin A	176-183	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
12534290-5	2003	The ability to utilize holo-CRBP differentiates RoDH-4 from a related enzyme, RoDH-like 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3alpha-HSD), which is 3-fold more active with free retinol than RoDH-4 but is 15-fold less active toward holo-CRBP.	Vitamin A	176-183	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Homo sapiens	48-54
12534290-5	2003	The ability to utilize holo-CRBP differentiates RoDH-4 from a related enzyme, RoDH-like 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3alpha-HSD), which is 3-fold more active with free retinol than RoDH-4 but is 15-fold less active toward holo-CRBP.	Vitamin A	176-183	dehydrogenase/reductase 9	Homo sapiens	125-135
12534290-10	2003	The results of this study suggest that the human retinol-active SDRs are not functionally equivalent and that, in contrast to RoDH-like 3alpha-HSD, RoDH-4 can access the bound form of retinol for retinoic acid production and is regulated by the apo-/holo-CRBP ratio.	Vitamin A	184-191	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Homo sapiens	148-154
12534290-10	2003	The results of this study suggest that the human retinol-active SDRs are not functionally equivalent and that, in contrast to RoDH-like 3alpha-HSD, RoDH-4 can access the bound form of retinol for retinoic acid production and is regulated by the apo-/holo-CRBP ratio.	Vitamin A	184-191	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	255-259
12479981-1	2003	In vertebrates, both nuclear all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid receptors (RAR and RXR) belonging to the steroid/thyroid/retinoid nuclear receptor superfamily play a crucial role in the vitamin A action.	Vitamin A	185-194	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	74-77
12479981-1	2003	In vertebrates, both nuclear all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acid receptors (RAR and RXR) belonging to the steroid/thyroid/retinoid nuclear receptor superfamily play a crucial role in the vitamin A action.	Vitamin A	185-194	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	82-85
12538081-2	2003	Recently, studies in vivo and in cell lines have shown that vitamin A and its active metabolite, retinoic acid, regulate the expression of fatty acid desaturases including stearoyl-CoA desaturase and delta-5 desaturase.	Vitamin A	60-69	fatty acid desaturase 1	Homo sapiens	200-218
12524014-7	2003	Yolk retinol concentration decreased as LRAT increased (R(2)=0.89) suggesting that certain PCB congeners may affect vitamin A mobilization in ovo by increasing LRAT activity in the yolk-sac membrane.	Vitamin A	5-12	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Coturnix japonica	160-164
15806868-7	2003	Recent HKI-evaluations found that promotion of dark-green leafy vegetables and eggs in Indonesia increased their consumption and improved vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	138-147	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	7-10
12804424-19	2003	When beta-carotene was combined with retinol, data from a single study showed that there was a statistically significant, increased risk of lung cancer incidence (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.13-1.80) and mortality (RR 1.75, 95% CI 1.29-2.38) in people with risk factors for lung cancer who took both vitamins compared with those who took placebo.	Vitamin A	37-44	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	163-167
12804424-19	2003	When beta-carotene was combined with retinol, data from a single study showed that there was a statistically significant, increased risk of lung cancer incidence (RR 1.42, 95% CI 1.13-1.80) and mortality (RR 1.75, 95% CI 1.29-2.38) in people with risk factors for lung cancer who took both vitamins compared with those who took placebo.	Vitamin A	37-44	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	205-209
15719622-6	2003	After surgery, chemotherapy for 3 cycles and oral vitamin-A, a sharp reduction in telomerase activity and serum IFN-gamma levels was observed in all groups of patients compared to the controls.	Vitamin A	50-59	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	112-121
15719622-10	2003	In contrast, negative correlations were observed between serum levels of vitamin-A and telomerase activity and serum levels of IFN-gamma (P < 0.01).	Vitamin A	73-82	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	127-136
12540501-11	2003	4-HPR treatment caused a retinol level reduction, which was strongly (r >or= 0.71; P <or= 0.001) related to pretreatment retinol levels.	Vitamin A	25-32	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	2-5
12540501-11	2003	4-HPR treatment caused a retinol level reduction, which was strongly (r >or= 0.71; P <or= 0.001) related to pretreatment retinol levels.	Vitamin A	127-134	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	2-5
15806868-9	2003	The HKI Homestead Food Production Program aims at improving homestead food production activities in order to increase production and consumption of vitamin A-rich foods.	Vitamin A	148-157	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	4-7
12506054-1	2003	PURPOSE: Beta-carotene 15,15" monooxygenase (beta-CM) catalyzes the central cleavage of beta-carotene to all-trans-retinal, the first step in vitamin A synthesis.	Vitamin A	142-151	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	9-43
12506054-1	2003	PURPOSE: Beta-carotene 15,15" monooxygenase (beta-CM) catalyzes the central cleavage of beta-carotene to all-trans-retinal, the first step in vitamin A synthesis.	Vitamin A	142-151	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	45-52
12554085-0	2003	Ac-FAR-1, a 20 kDa fatty acid- and retinol-binding protein secreted by adult Ancylostoma caninum hookworms: gene transcription pattern, ligand binding properties and structural characterisation.	Vitamin A	35-42	Fatty-acid and retinol-binding protein 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	3-8
12554085-6	2003	Using fluorescence-based binding assays, bacterial recombinant Ac-FAR-1 was found to bind fatty acids and retinol (Vitamin A) with dissociation constants in the micromolar region.	Vitamin A	106-113	Fatty-acid and retinol-binding protein 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	66-71
12554085-6	2003	Using fluorescence-based binding assays, bacterial recombinant Ac-FAR-1 was found to bind fatty acids and retinol (Vitamin A) with dissociation constants in the micromolar region.	Vitamin A	115-124	Fatty-acid and retinol-binding protein 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	66-71
12484775-6	2002	Moreover, compared to other tissues, the eye displays a strong preference for retinol uptake when retinol is delivered bound to RBP.	Vitamin A	78-85	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	128-131
12484775-6	2002	Moreover, compared to other tissues, the eye displays a strong preference for retinol uptake when retinol is delivered bound to RBP.	Vitamin A	98-105	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	128-131
12484775-7	2002	The poor uptake of dietary retinol by the eye coupled with its marked ability to take up retinol from RBP, we propose, provides a basis for the impaired vision observed in weanling RBP-deficient mice.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	102-105
12484775-7	2002	The poor uptake of dietary retinol by the eye coupled with its marked ability to take up retinol from RBP, we propose, provides a basis for the impaired vision observed in weanling RBP-deficient mice.	Vitamin A	89-96	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	102-105
12484775-9	2002	Thus, the eye is unlike other tissues in the body in that it shows a very marked preference for acquiring retinol needed to support vision from the retinol-RBP complex and is unable to meet adequately its retinol need through uptake of recently absorbed dietary retinol.	Vitamin A	106-113	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	156-159
12484775-9	2002	Thus, the eye is unlike other tissues in the body in that it shows a very marked preference for acquiring retinol needed to support vision from the retinol-RBP complex and is unable to meet adequately its retinol need through uptake of recently absorbed dietary retinol.	Vitamin A	148-155	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	156-159
12484775-9	2002	Thus, the eye is unlike other tissues in the body in that it shows a very marked preference for acquiring retinol needed to support vision from the retinol-RBP complex and is unable to meet adequately its retinol need through uptake of recently absorbed dietary retinol.	Vitamin A	148-155	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	156-159
12484775-9	2002	Thus, the eye is unlike other tissues in the body in that it shows a very marked preference for acquiring retinol needed to support vision from the retinol-RBP complex and is unable to meet adequately its retinol need through uptake of recently absorbed dietary retinol.	Vitamin A	148-155	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	156-159
12427543-2	2002	Retinal dehydrogenase type 1 (RALDH1) catalyzes the oxidation of retinal to retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A important for embryogenesis and tissue differentiation.	Vitamin A	112-121	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	0-28
12427543-2	2002	Retinal dehydrogenase type 1 (RALDH1) catalyzes the oxidation of retinal to retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A important for embryogenesis and tissue differentiation.	Vitamin A	112-121	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	30-36
12201819-1	2002	Retinyl ester, the most abundant form of vitamin A (retinol), is synthesized by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	41-50	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	91-123
12201819-1	2002	Retinyl ester, the most abundant form of vitamin A (retinol), is synthesized by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	41-50	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
12201819-1	2002	Retinyl ester, the most abundant form of vitamin A (retinol), is synthesized by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	52-59	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	91-123
12201819-1	2002	Retinyl ester, the most abundant form of vitamin A (retinol), is synthesized by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	52-59	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
12201819-11	2002	The 5.3 kb LRAT transcript was predominant in the liver of retinoic acid-repleted vitamin A-deficient rats, coincident with increased quantitative expression of LRAT mRNA and enzyme activity.	Vitamin A	82-91	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	11-15
12429354-1	2002	Interaction between the Vitamin A derivative all-trans retinoic acid and the lipocalin member bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) was studied by circular dichroism (CD) and electronic absorption spectroscopy at different pH values.	Vitamin A	24-33	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	101-119
12429354-1	2002	Interaction between the Vitamin A derivative all-trans retinoic acid and the lipocalin member bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) was studied by circular dichroism (CD) and electronic absorption spectroscopy at different pH values.	Vitamin A	24-33	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	121-124
12553418-5	2002	Late in the 1960s it was learned that TBPA also carries vitamin A in the circulation by interacting with retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	56-65	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	38-42
12553418-5	2002	Late in the 1960s it was learned that TBPA also carries vitamin A in the circulation by interacting with retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	56-65	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	105-128
12553418-5	2002	Late in the 1960s it was learned that TBPA also carries vitamin A in the circulation by interacting with retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	56-65	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	130-133
12553418-6	2002	TBPA then was renamed transthyretin (TTR), in recognition of its dual transport function, and it was shown that retinol-RBP-TTR interactions are mutually enhancing.	Vitamin A	112-119	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-4
12553418-6	2002	TBPA then was renamed transthyretin (TTR), in recognition of its dual transport function, and it was shown that retinol-RBP-TTR interactions are mutually enhancing.	Vitamin A	112-119	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	120-123
12553418-6	2002	TBPA then was renamed transthyretin (TTR), in recognition of its dual transport function, and it was shown that retinol-RBP-TTR interactions are mutually enhancing.	Vitamin A	112-119	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	124-127
12553422-1	2002	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 55 kDa protein responsible for the transport of thyroid hormones and retinol in human serum.	Vitamin A	94-101	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
12553422-1	2002	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 55 kDa protein responsible for the transport of thyroid hormones and retinol in human serum.	Vitamin A	94-101	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
12553423-1	2002	Transthyretin (TTR), formerly called prealbumin, one of the transporters of the hormone thyroxine and retinol-binding protein (RBP), the specific carrier of vitamin A, forms, under physiological conditions, a macromolecular complex that prevents glomerular filtration of the low-molecular-weight RBP in the kidneys.	Vitamin A	157-166	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
12553423-1	2002	Transthyretin (TTR), formerly called prealbumin, one of the transporters of the hormone thyroxine and retinol-binding protein (RBP), the specific carrier of vitamin A, forms, under physiological conditions, a macromolecular complex that prevents glomerular filtration of the low-molecular-weight RBP in the kidneys.	Vitamin A	157-166	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
12553423-1	2002	Transthyretin (TTR), formerly called prealbumin, one of the transporters of the hormone thyroxine and retinol-binding protein (RBP), the specific carrier of vitamin A, forms, under physiological conditions, a macromolecular complex that prevents glomerular filtration of the low-molecular-weight RBP in the kidneys.	Vitamin A	157-166	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	102-125
12553423-1	2002	Transthyretin (TTR), formerly called prealbumin, one of the transporters of the hormone thyroxine and retinol-binding protein (RBP), the specific carrier of vitamin A, forms, under physiological conditions, a macromolecular complex that prevents glomerular filtration of the low-molecular-weight RBP in the kidneys.	Vitamin A	157-166	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	127-130
12553430-5	2002	The discovery of the role of prealbumin in retinol binding led to a change in its name, prealbumin becoming transthyretin.	Vitamin A	43-50	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	108-121
12553434-2	2002	The molar ratio of retinol-binding protein to transthyretin (RBP:TTR) has been proposed as an indirect method to assess vitamin A status in children with inflammation.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	61-68
12553434-2	2002	The molar ratio of retinol-binding protein to transthyretin (RBP:TTR) has been proposed as an indirect method to assess vitamin A status in children with inflammation.	Vitamin A	120-129	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	61-68
12553434-5	2002	RBP:TTR percentile distribution from 99 healthy adults with plasma retinol > or = 0.7 micromol/l was: 2.5th = 0.24; 5th = 0.31; 10th = 0.32; 25th = 0.41; 50th = 0.47; 75th = 0.54; 90th = 0.67; 95th = 0.78 and 97.5th = 0.81.	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
12553436-2	2002	Elevated serum transthyretin during renal insufficiency is secondary to the lack of retinol-binding protein degradation in renal tubules and to the subsequent increase in the fraction of transthyretin bound to retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	84-91	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-28
12553436-2	2002	Elevated serum transthyretin during renal insufficiency is secondary to the lack of retinol-binding protein degradation in renal tubules and to the subsequent increase in the fraction of transthyretin bound to retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	210-217	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-28
12553436-2	2002	Elevated serum transthyretin during renal insufficiency is secondary to the lack of retinol-binding protein degradation in renal tubules and to the subsequent increase in the fraction of transthyretin bound to retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	210-217	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	187-200
12532155-0	2003	Up-regulation of muscle uncoupling protein 3 gene expression in mice following high fat diet, dietary vitamin A supplementation and acute retinoic acid-treatment.	Vitamin A	102-111	uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	24-44
12532155-1	2003	OBJECTIVE: To analyse the impact of vitamin A supplementation of both a normal fat (NF) diet and a high fat (HF) diet and of acute retinoic acid (RA)-treatment on the expression of uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in mice.	Vitamin A	36-45	uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	181-201
12532155-6	2003	RESULTS: Vitamin A supplementation of a NF diet led to increased levels of UCP3 mRNA and UCP3 protein in muscle, UCP1 mRNA in BAT, and UCP2 mRNA in inguinal WAT, but had no impact on body weight or adiposity of B6 mice.	Vitamin A	9-18	uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	75-79
12532155-6	2003	RESULTS: Vitamin A supplementation of a NF diet led to increased levels of UCP3 mRNA and UCP3 protein in muscle, UCP1 mRNA in BAT, and UCP2 mRNA in inguinal WAT, but had no impact on body weight or adiposity of B6 mice.	Vitamin A	9-18	uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	89-93
12532155-6	2003	RESULTS: Vitamin A supplementation of a NF diet led to increased levels of UCP3 mRNA and UCP3 protein in muscle, UCP1 mRNA in BAT, and UCP2 mRNA in inguinal WAT, but had no impact on body weight or adiposity of B6 mice.	Vitamin A	9-18	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	113-117
12532155-6	2003	RESULTS: Vitamin A supplementation of a NF diet led to increased levels of UCP3 mRNA and UCP3 protein in muscle, UCP1 mRNA in BAT, and UCP2 mRNA in inguinal WAT, but had no impact on body weight or adiposity of B6 mice.	Vitamin A	9-18	uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	135-139
12514312-4	2003	LRAT expression at both the mRNA and protein activity levels and CYP26 mRNA are regulated by dietary vitamin A in a steady-state model and are acutely regulated by RA in an acute repletion model.	Vitamin A	101-110	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
12514312-4	2003	LRAT expression at both the mRNA and protein activity levels and CYP26 mRNA are regulated by dietary vitamin A in a steady-state model and are acutely regulated by RA in an acute repletion model.	Vitamin A	101-110	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
12514312-5	2003	In the liver, the level of expression of LRAT and CYP26 is as follows: vitamin A deficient < vitamin A marginal < vitamin A adequate < vitamin A supplemented < RA treated.	Vitamin A	71-80	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
12514312-5	2003	In the liver, the level of expression of LRAT and CYP26 is as follows: vitamin A deficient < vitamin A marginal < vitamin A adequate < vitamin A supplemented < RA treated.	Vitamin A	71-80	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
12514312-5	2003	In the liver, the level of expression of LRAT and CYP26 is as follows: vitamin A deficient < vitamin A marginal < vitamin A adequate < vitamin A supplemented < RA treated.	Vitamin A	96-105	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
12514312-5	2003	In the liver, the level of expression of LRAT and CYP26 is as follows: vitamin A deficient < vitamin A marginal < vitamin A adequate < vitamin A supplemented < RA treated.	Vitamin A	96-105	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
12514312-5	2003	In the liver, the level of expression of LRAT and CYP26 is as follows: vitamin A deficient < vitamin A marginal < vitamin A adequate < vitamin A supplemented < RA treated.	Vitamin A	96-105	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
12514312-5	2003	In the liver, the level of expression of LRAT and CYP26 is as follows: vitamin A deficient < vitamin A marginal < vitamin A adequate < vitamin A supplemented < RA treated.	Vitamin A	96-105	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
12514312-5	2003	In the liver, the level of expression of LRAT and CYP26 is as follows: vitamin A deficient < vitamin A marginal < vitamin A adequate < vitamin A supplemented < RA treated.	Vitamin A	96-105	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
12514312-5	2003	In the liver, the level of expression of LRAT and CYP26 is as follows: vitamin A deficient < vitamin A marginal < vitamin A adequate < vitamin A supplemented < RA treated.	Vitamin A	96-105	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
12514312-8	2003	The regulated expression of LRAT, CYP26 and other genes by RA may provide a sensitive response mechanism that overall serves to adjust the metabolism of vitamin A to maintain retinoid homeostasis and prevent retinoid excess.	Vitamin A	153-162	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
12514312-8	2003	The regulated expression of LRAT, CYP26 and other genes by RA may provide a sensitive response mechanism that overall serves to adjust the metabolism of vitamin A to maintain retinoid homeostasis and prevent retinoid excess.	Vitamin A	153-162	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
14535828-8	2003	The rise in p50(act) was accompanied by higher levels of lipid peroxidation products, ALT and AST in blood and liver homogenates, and by a simultaneous fall of alpha-tocopherol and retinol concentrations, except in the hypoxic group.	Vitamin A	181-188	Y-box-binding protein 1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	12-15
14673826-1	2003	The acid-induced denaturation of cellular retinol-binding proteins types I and II (CRBP I and II), in the presence and in the absence of the ligand, was studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in the pH range 6.9-2.4.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	83-96
12450903-5	2002	Serum CRP had a significant, inverse association with retinol at both admission and discharge.	Vitamin A	54-61	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	6-9
12450903-7	2002	Among subjects with CRP > or =10 mg/L, 21% in the vitamin A group and 20% in the placebo groups (P = 0.83) had a positive RDR test result.	Vitamin A	53-62	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	20-23
12450903-9	2002	CONCLUSION: The RDR test was useful in assessing the vitamin A status of children recovering from pneumonia when CRP concentrations were <10 mg/L but not when CRP concentrations were higher.	Vitamin A	53-62	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	113-116
12452829-3	2002	However, in this paper we report that vitamin A-deficient Wistar rats had much reduced IgA+ plasma cells in the ileal lamina propria (eightfold reduction from 470 cells/mm(2), P = 0.009), as well as a prominent reduction of CD4+ cells in the parafollicular regions of ileal Peyer"s patches (reduction from 7200 to 105 cells/mm(2), P = 0.009).	Vitamin A	38-47	Cd4 molecule	Rattus norvegicus	224-227
12468608-0	2002	Determination of a cut-off value for the molar ratio of retinol-binding protein to transthyretin (RBP:TTR) in Bangladeshi patients with low hepatic vitamin A stores.	Vitamin A	148-157	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	98-101
12468608-0	2002	Determination of a cut-off value for the molar ratio of retinol-binding protein to transthyretin (RBP:TTR) in Bangladeshi patients with low hepatic vitamin A stores.	Vitamin A	148-157	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	102-105
12468608-1	2002	The purpose of this study was to determine a cut-off value of the molar ratio of retinol-binding protein to transthyretin (RBP:TTR) to indicate marginal vitamin A (VA) deficiency.	Vitamin A	153-162	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	123-126
12468608-1	2002	The purpose of this study was to determine a cut-off value of the molar ratio of retinol-binding protein to transthyretin (RBP:TTR) to indicate marginal vitamin A (VA) deficiency.	Vitamin A	153-162	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	127-130
12468608-1	2002	The purpose of this study was to determine a cut-off value of the molar ratio of retinol-binding protein to transthyretin (RBP:TTR) to indicate marginal vitamin A (VA) deficiency.	Vitamin A	164-166	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	123-126
12468608-1	2002	The purpose of this study was to determine a cut-off value of the molar ratio of retinol-binding protein to transthyretin (RBP:TTR) to indicate marginal vitamin A (VA) deficiency.	Vitamin A	164-166	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	127-130
12435598-6	2002	Kinetic constants and expression pattern of PAN2 suggest that it is likely to function as a reductase in vivo and might contribute to the reduction of retinaldehyde to retinol in most human tissues.	Vitamin A	168-175	retinol dehydrogenase 14	Homo sapiens	44-48
12226107-3	2002	Here, we describe the identification and properties of three enzymes from a novel subfamily of four retinol dehydrogenases (RDH11-14) that display dual-substrate specificity, uniquely metabolizing all-trans- and cis-retinols with C(15) pro-R specificity.	Vitamin A	216-224	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Homo sapiens	124-129
12226107-7	2002	Furthermore, photoreceptor RDH12 could be involved in the production of 11-cis-retinal from 11-cis-retinol during regeneration of the cone visual pigments.	Vitamin A	92-106	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Homo sapiens	27-32
12436060-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Chronic ethanol intake results in decreased hepatic vitamin A levels through both enhanced degradation of vitamin A via a cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP)-dependent process and increased mobilization of vitamin A from the liver into the circulation.	Vitamin A	64-73	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 23-polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-156
12438255-11	2002	In addition, retinol-related genes such as CRABP2 and retinol-binding protein 1 were overexpressed in WT, and CRABP2 was more highly expressed in the poor outcome patients, which suggests that retinoid acid may be a potential drug.	Vitamin A	13-20	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	43-49
12438255-11	2002	In addition, retinol-related genes such as CRABP2 and retinol-binding protein 1 were overexpressed in WT, and CRABP2 was more highly expressed in the poor outcome patients, which suggests that retinoid acid may be a potential drug.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	54-79
12436060-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Chronic ethanol intake results in decreased hepatic vitamin A levels through both enhanced degradation of vitamin A via a cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP)-dependent process and increased mobilization of vitamin A from the liver into the circulation.	Vitamin A	64-73	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 23-polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	158-161
12436060-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Chronic ethanol intake results in decreased hepatic vitamin A levels through both enhanced degradation of vitamin A via a cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP)-dependent process and increased mobilization of vitamin A from the liver into the circulation.	Vitamin A	118-127	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 23-polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-156
12436060-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Chronic ethanol intake results in decreased hepatic vitamin A levels through both enhanced degradation of vitamin A via a cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP)-dependent process and increased mobilization of vitamin A from the liver into the circulation.	Vitamin A	118-127	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 23-polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	158-161
12436060-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Chronic ethanol intake results in decreased hepatic vitamin A levels through both enhanced degradation of vitamin A via a cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP)-dependent process and increased mobilization of vitamin A from the liver into the circulation.	Vitamin A	118-127	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 23-polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-156
12436060-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Chronic ethanol intake results in decreased hepatic vitamin A levels through both enhanced degradation of vitamin A via a cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP)-dependent process and increased mobilization of vitamin A from the liver into the circulation.	Vitamin A	118-127	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 23-polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	158-161
12436060-6	2002	Hepatic retinol esterification by LRAT was examined by using incubations of the microsomal fractions of livers with exogenous sources of retinol.	Vitamin A	8-15	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
12419830-9	2002	This is the first study to (1) demonstrate an association between retinyl ester synthesis and cutaneous melanoma morphological phenotypes; (2) suggest the existence of a soluble, diffusible inhibitor of the retinol esterification pathway; (3) report the ability of the isolated, proliferating human epidermal melanocyte to esterify retinol; and (4) provide evidence of DNA variants in the coding region of LRAT.	Vitamin A	207-214	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	406-410
12407145-11	2002	Human RDH10 expressed in COS cells oxidized all-trans retinol to all-trans retinal.	Vitamin A	54-61	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	6-11
12407145-12	2002	RDH10 displayed substrate specificity for all-trans retinol and preferred nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) as the cofactor.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	0-5
12421840-7	2002	Rats fed a low Zn or low vitamin A diet had lower ZnT-1 protein and higher ZnT-4 mRNA expression and protein levels compared with controls.	Vitamin A	25-34	solute carrier family 30 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
12177003-3	2002	Retinol binding to CRBP IV leads to an absorption spectrum distinct from a typical holo-CRBP spectrum and is characterized by an affinity (K(d) = approximately 200 nm) lower than those for CRBP I, II, and III, as established in direct and competitive binding assays.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
12177003-3	2002	Retinol binding to CRBP IV leads to an absorption spectrum distinct from a typical holo-CRBP spectrum and is characterized by an affinity (K(d) = approximately 200 nm) lower than those for CRBP I, II, and III, as established in direct and competitive binding assays.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	88-92
12177003-3	2002	Retinol binding to CRBP IV leads to an absorption spectrum distinct from a typical holo-CRBP spectrum and is characterized by an affinity (K(d) = approximately 200 nm) lower than those for CRBP I, II, and III, as established in direct and competitive binding assays.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	189-208
12177003-7	2002	These results indicate that human CRBP IV belongs to a clearly distinct CRBP subfamily and suggest a relatively different mode of retinol binding for this binding protein.	Vitamin A	130-137	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
12421840-7	2002	Rats fed a low Zn or low vitamin A diet had lower ZnT-1 protein and higher ZnT-4 mRNA expression and protein levels compared with controls.	Vitamin A	25-34	solute carrier family 30 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
12514921-11	2002	The correlation analysis among dietary intake and immune status, showed a positive association among vitamin A intake and vitamin D with CD4+ (r = 0.35; p < 0.01) and (r = 0.51; p < 0.001), respectively.	Vitamin A	101-110	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	137-140
12514921-13	2002	CONCLUSION: Vitamin A, and D intakes were correlated with CD4 count, only vitamin D remained as a independent predictor parameter in a in multivariant model.	Vitamin A	12-21	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	58-61
12372410-8	2002	These results suggest that hRDH-E2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis through its critical role in retinol metabolism in keratinocyte proliferation.	Vitamin A	113-120	short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C member 5	Homo sapiens	27-34
12392597-1	2002	BACKGROUND: The effects of the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) are mediated at the transcriptional level by retinoic acid receptors (RAR).	Vitamin A	31-40	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	141-144
12354101-2	2002	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma protein delivering retinol to tissues.	Vitamin A	51-58	transthyretin	Mus musculus	0-13
12500946-4	2002	This study aimed to investigate in PAV-1 and in primary HSC (i) the incorporation of retinol and its esterification, (ii) the cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) content, (iii) the acid retinyl ester hydrolase activity (aREH), (iv) the thermal susceptibility and (v) the lipid composition of the membranes, which may play a crucial role in retinol transport across cellular membrane.	Vitamin A	135-142	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-164
12500946-6	2002	Retinol pre-treatment doubled this esterification rate (10.7%) and the CRBP content in PAV-1.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
12361571-4	2002	Degeneration is prevented by expression of p35, an inhibitor of apoptosis, or by reduction of rhodopsin levels through a vitamin A-deficient diet.	Vitamin A	121-130	neither inactivation nor afterpotential E	Drosophila melanogaster	94-103
12354101-2	2002	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma protein delivering retinol to tissues.	Vitamin A	51-58	transthyretin	Mus musculus	15-18
12138113-3	2002	The saturable component of intestinal retinol uptake is impaired in CRBP II(-/-) mice.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	68-75
12368396-5	2002	In contrast, plasma concentrations of retinol were lower by 0.07 (P < 0.05, raised AGP) to 0.12 (P < 0.01, raised CRP) micro mol/L, and of zinc lower by 1.49 (P < 0.01, raised AGP) to 1.89 (P < 0.05, raised CRP and AGP) micro mol/L.	Vitamin A	38-45	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	120-123
12138113-5	2002	However, reducing maternal dietary vitamin A to marginal levels during the latter half of gestation results in 100% mortality/litter within 24 h after birth in the CRBP II(-/-) line but no mortality in the wild type line.	Vitamin A	35-44	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	164-171
12138113-8	2002	These studies suggest that both fetal as well as maternal CRBP II are required to ensure adequate delivery of vitamin A to the developing fetus when dietary vitamin A is limiting.	Vitamin A	110-119	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	58-65
12354671-3	2002	Specifically, under conditions of food deprivation, induction of the PEPCK gene is inhibited in the vitamin A deficient mouse.	Vitamin A	100-109	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	69-74
12354671-8	2002	In order to determine if vitamin A deficiency alters specific localized expression of the PEPCK gene in the periportal cells of the liver, the effect of vitamin A status on PEPCK localization in the liver was also measured.	Vitamin A	25-34	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	90-95
12221233-1	2002	The effectiveness of beta-carotene (betaC) as a vitamin A (VA) precursor may be influenced by the proportions of cis isomers of betaC consumed in the diet.	Vitamin A	48-57	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	21-42
12230582-9	2002	As such, retinol metabolism in zebrafish may differ from that of mammals and require continued production of CRBPII in adult liver.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 2b, cellular	Danio rerio	109-115
12221233-1	2002	The effectiveness of beta-carotene (betaC) as a vitamin A (VA) precursor may be influenced by the proportions of cis isomers of betaC consumed in the diet.	Vitamin A	59-61	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	21-42
12162964-10	2002	In the beta-barrel internal cavity of apo-CRBP they occupy some of the space that is otherwise occupied by bound retinol in holo-CRBP, and are displaced from these positions on ligand binding.	Vitamin A	113-120	retinol binding protein 2a, cellular	Danio rerio	42-46
12221267-6	2002	However, because serum RBP concentration correlates well with serum retinol concentration, it can be used to determine whether VAD is a public health problem in those populations for which the relationship between serum concentrations of retinol and RBP have been established.	Vitamin A	68-75	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	23-26
12221267-6	2002	However, because serum RBP concentration correlates well with serum retinol concentration, it can be used to determine whether VAD is a public health problem in those populations for which the relationship between serum concentrations of retinol and RBP have been established.	Vitamin A	238-245	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	23-26
12221267-6	2002	However, because serum RBP concentration correlates well with serum retinol concentration, it can be used to determine whether VAD is a public health problem in those populations for which the relationship between serum concentrations of retinol and RBP have been established.	Vitamin A	238-245	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	250-253
12048218-2	2002	Mice lacking retinol-binding protein (RBP) have low circulating retinol levels.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	38-41
12145015-6	2002	CONCLUSION: Percentage enrichment at 3 d (but not at 6 h) can be used to evaluate vitamin A body stores in humans.	Vitamin A	82-91	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	34-40
12162964-10	2002	In the beta-barrel internal cavity of apo-CRBP they occupy some of the space that is otherwise occupied by bound retinol in holo-CRBP, and are displaced from these positions on ligand binding.	Vitamin A	113-120	retinol binding protein 2a, cellular	Danio rerio	129-133
12168960-2	2002	Vitamin A derivatives, including 13-cis retinoic acid (13-CRA), have been used to treat DOL and to reduce the risk of subsequent SCC.	Vitamin A	0-9	myotubularin related protein 11	Homo sapiens	58-61
12162964-5	2002	Zebrafish CRBP forms a tight complex with all-trans retinol, producing an absorption spectrum similar to those of mammalian holo-CRBPs, albeit slightly blue-shifted.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 2a, cellular	Danio rerio	10-14
12162964-6	2002	The superposition of the alpha-carbon atoms of the liganded (complexed with retinol) and unliganded forms of zebrafish CRBP shows significant differences in correspondence of the betaC-betaD (residues 55-58) and betaE-betaF (residues 74-77) turns, providing evidence for the occurrence of conformational changes accompanying retinol binding/release.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 2a, cellular	Danio rerio	119-123
12162964-6	2002	The superposition of the alpha-carbon atoms of the liganded (complexed with retinol) and unliganded forms of zebrafish CRBP shows significant differences in correspondence of the betaC-betaD (residues 55-58) and betaE-betaF (residues 74-77) turns, providing evidence for the occurrence of conformational changes accompanying retinol binding/release.	Vitamin A	325-332	retinol binding protein 2a, cellular	Danio rerio	119-123
12211385-10	2002	These results indicate that TNF produces a hypertriglyceridemic response associated with an increase of the VLDL fraction and a disturbance of retinol metabolism in dairy heifers.	Vitamin A	143-150	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	28-31
12168960-2	2002	Vitamin A derivatives, including 13-cis retinoic acid (13-CRA), have been used to treat DOL and to reduce the risk of subsequent SCC.	Vitamin A	0-9	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	129-132
11997393-2	2002	Class IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has been reported to be the most efficient enzyme catalyzing oxidation of retinol in human ADH family.	Vitamin A	111-118	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-30
11997393-2	2002	Class IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has been reported to be the most efficient enzyme catalyzing oxidation of retinol in human ADH family.	Vitamin A	111-118	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	32-35
11997393-2	2002	Class IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has been reported to be the most efficient enzyme catalyzing oxidation of retinol in human ADH family.	Vitamin A	111-118	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	128-131
11997393-3	2002	Initial velocity, product inhibition, and dead-end inhibition experiments were performed with the recombinant human class IV ADH to elucidate kinetic mechanism with all-trans-retinol and all-trans-retinal as natural substrates.	Vitamin A	168-182	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	125-128
11997393-8	2002	The potential interference of retinol metabolism by ethanol through the ADH pathway may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of fetal alcohol syndrome and alcohol-related upper digestive tract cancer.	Vitamin A	30-37	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	72-75
12214558-2	2002	The ability of naftidrofuryl and erythromycin to inhibit retinol liberation by retinyl ester hydrolase (REH) in vitro suggests an ability to interfere with vitamin A metabolism in vivo, particularly during hepatic processing.	Vitamin A	57-64	carboxylesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus	79-102
12074552-3	2002	The vitamin A signal is transduced by the retinoic acid receptors (RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma).	Vitamin A	4-13	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	67-75
12074552-3	2002	The vitamin A signal is transduced by the retinoic acid receptors (RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma).	Vitamin A	4-13	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Mus musculus	77-84
12074552-3	2002	The vitamin A signal is transduced by the retinoic acid receptors (RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma).	Vitamin A	4-13	retinoic acid receptor, gamma	Mus musculus	90-98
12117568-8	2002	This study indicates that the oxidation at C4 of the cyclohexenyl ring, isomerization of the C9/C10 double bond, and reduction of the C13/C14 double bond are major endogenous metabolic pathways of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	197-206	gene rich cluster, C10 gene	Mus musculus	96-99
12214559-0	2002	Serum retinol of Chadian nomadic pastoralist women in relation to their livestocks" milk retinol and beta-carotene content.	Vitamin A	6-13	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	84-88
12214559-0	2002	Serum retinol of Chadian nomadic pastoralist women in relation to their livestocks" milk retinol and beta-carotene content.	Vitamin A	89-96	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	84-88
12214559-4	2002	Milk is the almost exclusive source of vitamin A for these populations.	Vitamin A	39-48	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
12214559-5	2002	Goats (n = 6) had the highest average milk retinol level (329 +/- 84 micrograms/kg [mean +/- SEM]), followed by cattle (n = 25; 247 +/- 32 micrograms/kg), and camels (n = 12; 120 +/- 18 micrograms/kg).	Vitamin A	43-50	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	38-42
12214559-6	2002	Milk retinol levels did not differ between the rainy and dry seasons.	Vitamin A	5-12	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
12214559-7	2002	Human serum retinol depends significantly on livestock milk retinol levels (partial slope 0.23; 95% CI: 0.008-0.47).	Vitamin A	12-19	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	55-59
12214559-7	2002	Human serum retinol depends significantly on livestock milk retinol levels (partial slope 0.23; 95% CI: 0.008-0.47).	Vitamin A	60-67	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	55-59
12214559-8	2002	Our study supports the use of goat and cow milk as an important source of vitamin A in pastoral nomadic settings.	Vitamin A	74-83	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	43-47
11852972-3	2002	The latter is reduced to 11-cis-retinol by a cis-retinol dehydrogenase that co-purifies with the RGR.	Vitamin A	25-39	retinal G protein coupled receptor	Homo sapiens	97-100
12121510-2	2002	The present study focuses on the role of vitamin A in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced fibrosis by chronic feeding of rats with either a vitamin A-supplemented or -depleted diet.	Vitamin A	41-50	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
12121510-6	2002	CCl4 reduced hepatic retinoid levels in high vitamin A diet-fed animals, but restored hepatic retinoid levels in animals fed with a vitamin A-deficient diet, implying major interference of vitamin A metabolism with hepatotoxic agents such as CCl4.	Vitamin A	45-54	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
12121510-9	2002	While dietary vitamin A shortage does not promote liver fibrogenesis, high levels of vitamin A have the potential to increase systemic and hepatic toxicity of CCl4.	Vitamin A	85-94	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	159-163
11960992-1	2002	Beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCO), formerly known as beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase, catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of vitamin A from dietary carotenoids.	Vitamin A	139-148	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-34
11960992-1	2002	Beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCO), formerly known as beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase, catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of vitamin A from dietary carotenoids.	Vitamin A	139-148	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
11960992-7	2002	The current data suggest that the human BCO enzyme may, in addition to its well established role in the digestive system, also play a role in peripheral vitamin A synthesis from plasma-borne provitamin A carotenoids.	Vitamin A	153-162	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	40-43
11971897-3	2002	Whereas a number of retinoids, including retinol, 14-hydroxyretroretinol, anhydroretinol (AR), and retinoic acid bound the c-Raf cysteine-rich domain (CRD) with equal affinity in vitro as well as in vivo, they displayed different, even opposing, effects on UV-mediated kinase activation; retinol and 14-hydroxyretroretinol augmented responses, whereas retinoic acid and AR were inhibitory.	Vitamin A	41-48	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	123-128
11971897-3	2002	Whereas a number of retinoids, including retinol, 14-hydroxyretroretinol, anhydroretinol (AR), and retinoic acid bound the c-Raf cysteine-rich domain (CRD) with equal affinity in vitro as well as in vivo, they displayed different, even opposing, effects on UV-mediated kinase activation; retinol and 14-hydroxyretroretinol augmented responses, whereas retinoic acid and AR were inhibitory.	Vitamin A	65-72	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	123-128
11960985-0	2002	Retinol/ethanol drug interaction during acute alcohol intoxication in mice involves inhibition of retinol metabolism to retinoic acid by alcohol dehydrogenase.	Vitamin A	0-7	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	137-158
11960985-0	2002	Retinol/ethanol drug interaction during acute alcohol intoxication in mice involves inhibition of retinol metabolism to retinoic acid by alcohol dehydrogenase.	Vitamin A	98-105	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	137-158
11960985-3	2002	A reduction in RA synthesis may also be involved as ethanol competitively inhibits retinol oxidation catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in vitro.	Vitamin A	83-90	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	114-135
11960985-3	2002	A reduction in RA synthesis may also be involved as ethanol competitively inhibits retinol oxidation catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in vitro.	Vitamin A	83-90	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	137-140
11960985-7	2002	RA produced in Adh1-null mutant mice following a 50-mg/kg dose of retinol was reduced 82% relative to wild-type mice, thus similar to wild-type mice pretreated with ethanol.	Vitamin A	66-73	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	15-19
12440486-3	2002	In plasma, TTR circulates as a homotetramer and transports the hormone thyroxine and the retinol-binding protein-vitamin A complex.	Vitamin A	113-122	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	11-14
11979500-13	2002	In contrast to insulin single therapy, vitamin A alone significantly prevented an increase in catalase activity of diabetic heart, and a combination of these agents did not supply any further benefit.	Vitamin A	39-48	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	94-102
11979500-15	2002	STZ-diabetes also resulted in less plasma retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP), which was significantly improved by insulin single therapy while vitamin A used alone, failed to increase plasma retinol and RBP levels of diabetic animals.	Vitamin A	54-61	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
12121833-3	2002	Vitamin A and its natural and synthetic analogs (retinoids) induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells in vitro and in animal models, mainly through induction of retinoic acid receptor-beta (RARbeta).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	161-188
12121833-3	2002	Vitamin A and its natural and synthetic analogs (retinoids) induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells in vitro and in animal models, mainly through induction of retinoic acid receptor-beta (RARbeta).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	190-197
12161206-11	2002	The response of the avian apo D-like protein to 17beta-estradiol is more like that of other yolk precursor proteins that transport regulatory molecules such as vitamin A and thyroid hormones.	Vitamin A	160-169	apolipoprotein D	Homo sapiens	26-31
12036972-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of all-trans-retinol in neural retina, in the absence of CRBPI and the reduced amount of retinyl esters in the RPE suggest that the binding protein participates in a process that drives diffusion of all-trans-retinol from photoreceptor cells to RPE, perhaps by delivering vitamin A to lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) for esterification.	Vitamin A	33-50	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Mus musculus	275-278
12036972-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of all-trans-retinol in neural retina, in the absence of CRBPI and the reduced amount of retinyl esters in the RPE suggest that the binding protein participates in a process that drives diffusion of all-trans-retinol from photoreceptor cells to RPE, perhaps by delivering vitamin A to lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) for esterification.	Vitamin A	33-50	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	315-347
12036972-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of all-trans-retinol in neural retina, in the absence of CRBPI and the reduced amount of retinyl esters in the RPE suggest that the binding protein participates in a process that drives diffusion of all-trans-retinol from photoreceptor cells to RPE, perhaps by delivering vitamin A to lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) for esterification.	Vitamin A	33-50	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	349-353
12036972-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of all-trans-retinol in neural retina, in the absence of CRBPI and the reduced amount of retinyl esters in the RPE suggest that the binding protein participates in a process that drives diffusion of all-trans-retinol from photoreceptor cells to RPE, perhaps by delivering vitamin A to lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) for esterification.	Vitamin A	36-50	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Mus musculus	275-278
12036972-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of all-trans-retinol in neural retina, in the absence of CRBPI and the reduced amount of retinyl esters in the RPE suggest that the binding protein participates in a process that drives diffusion of all-trans-retinol from photoreceptor cells to RPE, perhaps by delivering vitamin A to lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) for esterification.	Vitamin A	36-50	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	315-347
12036972-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of all-trans-retinol in neural retina, in the absence of CRBPI and the reduced amount of retinyl esters in the RPE suggest that the binding protein participates in a process that drives diffusion of all-trans-retinol from photoreceptor cells to RPE, perhaps by delivering vitamin A to lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) for esterification.	Vitamin A	36-50	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	349-353
12036972-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of all-trans-retinol in neural retina, in the absence of CRBPI and the reduced amount of retinyl esters in the RPE suggest that the binding protein participates in a process that drives diffusion of all-trans-retinol from photoreceptor cells to RPE, perhaps by delivering vitamin A to lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) for esterification.	Vitamin A	302-311	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Mus musculus	141-144
12036972-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of all-trans-retinol in neural retina, in the absence of CRBPI and the reduced amount of retinyl esters in the RPE suggest that the binding protein participates in a process that drives diffusion of all-trans-retinol from photoreceptor cells to RPE, perhaps by delivering vitamin A to lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) for esterification.	Vitamin A	302-311	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Mus musculus	275-278
12036972-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of all-trans-retinol in neural retina, in the absence of CRBPI and the reduced amount of retinyl esters in the RPE suggest that the binding protein participates in a process that drives diffusion of all-trans-retinol from photoreceptor cells to RPE, perhaps by delivering vitamin A to lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) for esterification.	Vitamin A	302-311	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	315-347
12036972-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of all-trans-retinol in neural retina, in the absence of CRBPI and the reduced amount of retinyl esters in the RPE suggest that the binding protein participates in a process that drives diffusion of all-trans-retinol from photoreceptor cells to RPE, perhaps by delivering vitamin A to lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) for esterification.	Vitamin A	302-311	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	349-353
12625368-9	2002	MtTFA levels were increased by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	31-40	transcription factor A, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
23345767-3	2002	Mutualrepulsion has been applied to the bovine serum retinol-bindingprotein-retinol complex (1HBP).	Vitamin A	53-60	heme binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	94-97
12042426-0	2002	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase expression is regulated by dietary vitamin A and exogenous retinoic acid in the lung of adult rats.	Vitamin A	68-77	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
12042426-1	2002	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a retinol esterifying enzyme, plays a major role in the metabolism and storage of vitamin A in several animal tissues.	Vitamin A	123-132	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
12042426-1	2002	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a retinol esterifying enzyme, plays a major role in the metabolism and storage of vitamin A in several animal tissues.	Vitamin A	123-132	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
12042426-5	2002	Treatment of VA-deficient rats with 100 microg RA increased lung LRAT mRNA (P < 0.005) and specific activity (P < 0.0001), and treatment with 5 mg of RA increased LRAT mRNA level and specific activity more than approximately 15- and 6-fold above those in control lung, respectively (both P < or = 0.001).	Vitamin A	13-15	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
12042426-5	2002	Treatment of VA-deficient rats with 100 microg RA increased lung LRAT mRNA (P < 0.005) and specific activity (P < 0.0001), and treatment with 5 mg of RA increased LRAT mRNA level and specific activity more than approximately 15- and 6-fold above those in control lung, respectively (both P < or = 0.001).	Vitamin A	13-15	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	169-173
12042426-7	2002	These results show that LRAT expression and vitamin A storage are regulated by vitamin A status and by treatment with all-trans-RA in the adult lung.	Vitamin A	79-88	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
12037720-11	2002	In these subjects, serum TSH levels increased significantly in response to the TRH stimulus from basal values of 2.16 +/- 0.3 to a peak of 10.27 +/- 0.55 microIU/mL (P <.001) during PL treatment and from basal values of 2.10 +/- 0.51 to a peak of 7.82 +/- 1.4 microIU/mL (P <.001) during vit A treatment.	Vitamin A	294-299	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	79-82
12095700-1	2002	We have previously reported that several genes related to intestinal fatty acid and vitamin A metabolism are coordinately regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) [Arch.	Vitamin A	84-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	135-177
12095700-1	2002	We have previously reported that several genes related to intestinal fatty acid and vitamin A metabolism are coordinately regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) [Arch.	Vitamin A	84-93	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	179-183
11959987-6	2002	ADH3 was also shown to have in vitro retinol oxidation activity.	Vitamin A	37-44	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	0-4
11952810-0	2002	Influence of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on plasma vitamin A and vitamin E levels.	Vitamin A	53-62	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	13-29
11952810-9	2002	Apolipoprotein E2 slightly increased vitamin A levels in women, an effect which was still evident with lipid adjustment.	Vitamin A	37-46	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	0-17
11952810-13	2002	Apolipoprotein E polymorphism is an independent determinant of vitamin A levels in women.	Vitamin A	63-72	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	0-16
11907141-1	2002	It has been proposed that cis-retinol dehydrogenase (cRDH) acts within the body to catalyze the oxidation of 9-cis-retinol, an oxidative step needed for 9-cis-retinoic acid synthesis, the oxidation of 11-cis-retinol [an oxidative step needed for 11-cis-retinal (visual chromophore) synthesis], and 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid transformations.	Vitamin A	201-215	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Mus musculus	26-51
11907141-1	2002	It has been proposed that cis-retinol dehydrogenase (cRDH) acts within the body to catalyze the oxidation of 9-cis-retinol, an oxidative step needed for 9-cis-retinoic acid synthesis, the oxidation of 11-cis-retinol [an oxidative step needed for 11-cis-retinal (visual chromophore) synthesis], and 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid transformations.	Vitamin A	201-215	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Mus musculus	53-57
12022434-1	2002	Although plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) has been proposed as an indicator of vitamin A status of populations in less technologically developed settings, potential factors which could influence this indicator include inflammation and protein energy status.	Vitamin A	83-92	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	41-44
12022434-3	2002	Spearman correlation coefficient between plasma RBP and retinol concentrations was 0.55 (p < 0.0001).	Vitamin A	56-63	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	48-51
12022434-4	2002	By linear regression, 0.70 pmol/l retinol was equivalent to 0.69 micromol/l RBP.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	76-79
12022434-5	2002	With these cut-off points for defining vitamin A deficiency and plasma retinol as the standard for comparison, RBP had a sensitivity and specificity of 75.0 per cent and 63.2 per cent, respectively.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	111-114
12022434-6	2002	The correlation between RBP and retinol was not affected by plasma AGP, CRP, or albumin concentration.	Vitamin A	32-39	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	24-27
11934446-7	2002	IRBP and CRX transcript levels are sensitive to butyrate and CRX expression is sensitive to retinol.	Vitamin A	92-99	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
11934446-7	2002	IRBP and CRX transcript levels are sensitive to butyrate and CRX expression is sensitive to retinol.	Vitamin A	92-99	cone-rod homeobox	Homo sapiens	61-64
11912136-1	2002	Recent studies from our laboratory have indicated that the metabolism of vitamin A (retinol) to retinyl esters, carried out primarily by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), is greatly reduced in human carcinoma cell lines of the oral cavity, skin, breast, and kidney as compared with their normal epithelial counterparts.	Vitamin A	73-82	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	148-180
11912136-1	2002	Recent studies from our laboratory have indicated that the metabolism of vitamin A (retinol) to retinyl esters, carried out primarily by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), is greatly reduced in human carcinoma cell lines of the oral cavity, skin, breast, and kidney as compared with their normal epithelial counterparts.	Vitamin A	73-82	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	182-186
11912136-1	2002	Recent studies from our laboratory have indicated that the metabolism of vitamin A (retinol) to retinyl esters, carried out primarily by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), is greatly reduced in human carcinoma cell lines of the oral cavity, skin, breast, and kidney as compared with their normal epithelial counterparts.	Vitamin A	84-91	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	148-180
11912136-1	2002	Recent studies from our laboratory have indicated that the metabolism of vitamin A (retinol) to retinyl esters, carried out primarily by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), is greatly reduced in human carcinoma cell lines of the oral cavity, skin, breast, and kidney as compared with their normal epithelial counterparts.	Vitamin A	84-91	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	182-186
11874492-4	2002	CRBP-I expression was increased 2-fold 8 h following UVA exposure (10 J per cm2), and this increase persisted for at least 16 h. A single UVA exposure induced a concentration-dependent epidermal lipid peroxidation (EC50 = 3.5 J per cm2) giving rise to 55.4 +/- 4.2 nmol lipid peroxides per g at 20 J per cm2, whereas UVB, up to 1 J per cm2, did not increase the basal concentration of 6.7 +/- 0.9 nmol lipid peroxides per g. On the other hand, topical menadione induced a concentration-dependent lipid peroxidation, but did not affect vitamin A content.	Vitamin A	535-544	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	0-6
11874492-7	2002	These observations indicate (i) that CRBP-I neither provides protection to UVB- and UVA-induced epidermal vitamin A depletion, nor interferes significantly with reconstitution, and (ii) that the UV-induced vitamin A depletion and lipid peroxidation in mouse epidermis are unrelated processes.	Vitamin A	206-215	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	37-43
11851396-1	2002	RXR is a nuclear hormone receptor that is activated by the vitamin A metabolite 9-cis-retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	59-68	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	0-3
12009892-1	2002	Membrane-bound lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), an essential enzyme in vitamin A processing, catalyzes the formation of retinyl esters from vitamin A and lecithin.	Vitamin A	79-88	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	15-47
12009892-1	2002	Membrane-bound lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), an essential enzyme in vitamin A processing, catalyzes the formation of retinyl esters from vitamin A and lecithin.	Vitamin A	79-88	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	49-53
12009892-1	2002	Membrane-bound lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), an essential enzyme in vitamin A processing, catalyzes the formation of retinyl esters from vitamin A and lecithin.	Vitamin A	148-157	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	15-47
12009892-1	2002	Membrane-bound lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), an essential enzyme in vitamin A processing, catalyzes the formation of retinyl esters from vitamin A and lecithin.	Vitamin A	148-157	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	49-53
12054474-4	2002	Animal studies showed that CYP26 mRNA expression is very low (0.01+/-0.008;P<0.05) in vitamin-A-deficient rats compared to pair-fed vitamin-A-sufficient rats (defined as 1.0).	Vitamin A	89-98	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
12054474-4	2002	Animal studies showed that CYP26 mRNA expression is very low (0.01+/-0.008;P<0.05) in vitamin-A-deficient rats compared to pair-fed vitamin-A-sufficient rats (defined as 1.0).	Vitamin A	135-144	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
12054474-8	2002	Additionally, significant regulation of CYP26 gene expression was observed in the vitamin-A-deficient, control, and RA-treated condition in lung, testis, and small intestine.	Vitamin A	82-91	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
12015276-7	2002	Based on experimental evidence in mice and dogs, patients with disturbed retinal metabolism of vitamin A through a mutation in the RPE65 gene will likely be the first candidates for future therapeutic trials.	Vitamin A	95-104	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	131-136
14987380-1	2002	Transthyretin (TTR) is a transport protein for thyroid hormones and vitamin A and might have an important role in the nervous system.	Vitamin A	68-77	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
14987380-1	2002	Transthyretin (TTR) is a transport protein for thyroid hormones and vitamin A and might have an important role in the nervous system.	Vitamin A	68-77	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
12054801-1	2002	Ever since the fortuitous observation that beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg), the major whey protein in the milk of ruminants, bound retinol, the details of the binding have been controversial.	Vitamin A	128-135	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	43-61
12054801-1	2002	Ever since the fortuitous observation that beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg), the major whey protein in the milk of ruminants, bound retinol, the details of the binding have been controversial.	Vitamin A	128-135	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	63-70
12054801-4	2002	We have now determined the crystal structures of the complexes of the trigonal form of beta-Lg at pH 7.5 with bound retinol (R=21.4% for 7329 reflections between 20 and 2.4 A resolution, R(free)=30.6%) and with bound retinoic acid (R=22.7% for 7813 reflections between 20 and 2.34 A resolution, R(free)=29.8%).	Vitamin A	116-123	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	87-94
11970916-0	2002	Regulation of thioredoxin gene expression by vitamin A in human airway epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	45-54	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	14-25
12223961-1	2002	The active metabolite of vitamin A (retinoic acid, RA) acts through the nuclear receptors RARalpha, beta and gamma and RXRalpha, beta and gamma.	Vitamin A	25-34	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	90-98
12223961-1	2002	The active metabolite of vitamin A (retinoic acid, RA) acts through the nuclear receptors RARalpha, beta and gamma and RXRalpha, beta and gamma.	Vitamin A	25-34	retinoid X receptor alpha	Mus musculus	119-127
11986269-9	2002	Vitamin A-deficient children (<20 microg/dl) were more likely than non-vitamin A-deficient children to have higher proportions of natural killer (NK) cells (median, 8.3 and 5.2%, respectively) and lower ratios of interleukin-10-producing monocytes to tumor necrosis factor alpha-producing monocytes after induction (median, 1.0 and 2.3, respectively).	Vitamin A	0-9	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	216-230
11986269-9	2002	Vitamin A-deficient children (<20 microg/dl) were more likely than non-vitamin A-deficient children to have higher proportions of natural killer (NK) cells (median, 8.3 and 5.2%, respectively) and lower ratios of interleukin-10-producing monocytes to tumor necrosis factor alpha-producing monocytes after induction (median, 1.0 and 2.3, respectively).	Vitamin A	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	254-281
12012114-1	2002	We have used the fluorescence anisotropy (FA) decay of retinol bound to bovine beta-lactoglobulin to monitor the time evolution of protein aggregation during the early stages of crystal growth.	Vitamin A	55-62	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	79-97
12027900-0	2002	Excessive vitamin A toxicity in mice genetically deficient in either alcohol dehydrogenase Adh1 or Adh3.	Vitamin A	10-19	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	91-95
12027900-0	2002	Excessive vitamin A toxicity in mice genetically deficient in either alcohol dehydrogenase Adh1 or Adh3.	Vitamin A	10-19	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	99-103
12027900-3	2002	Following an acute dose of retinol (50 mg.kg(-1)), metabolism of retinol to retinoic acid in liver was reduced 10-fold in Adh1 mutants and 3.8-fold in Adh3 mutants, but was not significantly reduced in Adh4 mutants.	Vitamin A	27-34	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	122-126
12027900-3	2002	Following an acute dose of retinol (50 mg.kg(-1)), metabolism of retinol to retinoic acid in liver was reduced 10-fold in Adh1 mutants and 3.8-fold in Adh3 mutants, but was not significantly reduced in Adh4 mutants.	Vitamin A	27-34	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	151-155
12027900-3	2002	Following an acute dose of retinol (50 mg.kg(-1)), metabolism of retinol to retinoic acid in liver was reduced 10-fold in Adh1 mutants and 3.8-fold in Adh3 mutants, but was not significantly reduced in Adh4 mutants.	Vitamin A	27-34	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Mus musculus	202-206
12027900-3	2002	Following an acute dose of retinol (50 mg.kg(-1)), metabolism of retinol to retinoic acid in liver was reduced 10-fold in Adh1 mutants and 3.8-fold in Adh3 mutants, but was not significantly reduced in Adh4 mutants.	Vitamin A	65-72	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	122-126
12027900-3	2002	Following an acute dose of retinol (50 mg.kg(-1)), metabolism of retinol to retinoic acid in liver was reduced 10-fold in Adh1 mutants and 3.8-fold in Adh3 mutants, but was not significantly reduced in Adh4 mutants.	Vitamin A	65-72	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	151-155
12027900-3	2002	Following an acute dose of retinol (50 mg.kg(-1)), metabolism of retinol to retinoic acid in liver was reduced 10-fold in Adh1 mutants and 3.8-fold in Adh3 mutants, but was not significantly reduced in Adh4 mutants.	Vitamin A	65-72	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Mus musculus	202-206
12027900-4	2002	Acute retinol toxicity, assessed by determination of the LD(50) value, was greatly increased in Adh1 mutants and moderately increased in Adh3 mutants, but only a minor effect was observed in Adh4 mutants.	Vitamin A	6-13	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	96-100
12027900-4	2002	Acute retinol toxicity, assessed by determination of the LD(50) value, was greatly increased in Adh1 mutants and moderately increased in Adh3 mutants, but only a minor effect was observed in Adh4 mutants.	Vitamin A	6-13	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	137-141
12027900-5	2002	When mice were propagated for one generation on a retinol-supplemented diet containing 10-fold higher vitamin A than normal, Adh3 and Adh4 mutants had essentially the same postnatal survival to adulthood as wild-type (92-95%), but only 36% of Adh1 mutants survived to adulthood with the remainder dying by postnatal day 3.	Vitamin A	50-57	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	125-129
12027900-5	2002	When mice were propagated for one generation on a retinol-supplemented diet containing 10-fold higher vitamin A than normal, Adh3 and Adh4 mutants had essentially the same postnatal survival to adulthood as wild-type (92-95%), but only 36% of Adh1 mutants survived to adulthood with the remainder dying by postnatal day 3.	Vitamin A	50-57	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Mus musculus	134-138
12027900-6	2002	Adh1 mutants surviving to adulthood on the retinol- supplemented diet had elevated serum retinol signifying a clearance defect and elevated aspartate aminotransferase indicative of increased liver damage.	Vitamin A	43-50	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	0-4
12027900-6	2002	Adh1 mutants surviving to adulthood on the retinol- supplemented diet had elevated serum retinol signifying a clearance defect and elevated aspartate aminotransferase indicative of increased liver damage.	Vitamin A	89-96	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	0-4
12027900-7	2002	These findings indicate that ADH1 functions as the primary enzyme responsible for efficient oxidative clearance of excess retinol, thus providing protection and increased survival during vitamin A toxicity.	Vitamin A	122-129	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	29-33
12027900-7	2002	These findings indicate that ADH1 functions as the primary enzyme responsible for efficient oxidative clearance of excess retinol, thus providing protection and increased survival during vitamin A toxicity.	Vitamin A	187-196	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	29-33
11970994-0	2002	Vitamin A enhances in vitro Th2 development via retinoid X receptor pathway.	Vitamin A	0-9	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	28-31
11970994-1	2002	Vitamin A deficiency diminishes Th2-mediated Ab responses, and high-level dietary vitamin A or treatment with the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) enhances such responses.	Vitamin A	0-9	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	32-35
12056481-10	2002	Our data point to the possibility that THP functions as a novel carrier for vitamin A in the urine of canines.	Vitamin A	76-85	uromodulin	Canis lupus familiaris	39-42
11867196-7	2002	The serum retinol levels in both cirrhotic patients and HCC patients were significantly lower than those in healthy subjects.	Vitamin A	10-17	HCC	Homo sapiens	56-59
11867196-9	2002	The prediagnostic retinol levels were significantly lower in cirrhotic patients who developed HCC compared with patients who did not.	Vitamin A	18-25	HCC	Homo sapiens	94-97
11867196-10	2002	The odds ratio of cirrhotic patients who developed HCC in the lowest tertile to highest tertile of retinol status was 6.75 (95% CI=1.26--36.0; P=0.015).	Vitamin A	99-106	HCC	Homo sapiens	51-54
11997190-0	2002	Vitamin A modulates the effects of thyroid hormone on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase expression and activity in rat liver.	Vitamin A	0-9	UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B	Rattus norvegicus	54-81
11997190-1	2002	We studied the influence of thyroid hormones and vitamin A status on the regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) expression and the glucuronidation of thyroid hormones by UGTs.	Vitamin A	49-58	UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B	Rattus norvegicus	87-114
11997190-1	2002	We studied the influence of thyroid hormones and vitamin A status on the regulation of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) expression and the glucuronidation of thyroid hormones by UGTs.	Vitamin A	49-58	UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
11997190-6	2002	We conclude that thyroid hormones and vitamin A are co-regulator of the UGT1 family expression, without affecting the UGT2 family; by modifying activity and expression of the bilirubin UOT isoform, a member of UGT1 family, thyroid hormone reduced the glucuronidation of T4 and rT3.	Vitamin A	38-47	UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A4, pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
11997190-6	2002	We conclude that thyroid hormones and vitamin A are co-regulator of the UGT1 family expression, without affecting the UGT2 family; by modifying activity and expression of the bilirubin UOT isoform, a member of UGT1 family, thyroid hormone reduced the glucuronidation of T4 and rT3.	Vitamin A	38-47	UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A4, pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	210-214
11836246-0	2002	Distinct retinoid metabolic functions for alcohol dehydrogenase genes Adh1 and Adh4 in protection against vitamin A toxicity or deficiency revealed in double null mutant mice.	Vitamin A	106-115	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	42-63
11836246-0	2002	Distinct retinoid metabolic functions for alcohol dehydrogenase genes Adh1 and Adh4 in protection against vitamin A toxicity or deficiency revealed in double null mutant mice.	Vitamin A	106-115	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	70-74
11836246-0	2002	Distinct retinoid metabolic functions for alcohol dehydrogenase genes Adh1 and Adh4 in protection against vitamin A toxicity or deficiency revealed in double null mutant mice.	Vitamin A	106-115	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Mus musculus	79-83
11836246-1	2002	The ability of class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) and class IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH4) to metabolize retinol to retinoic acid is supported by genetic studies in mice carrying Adh1 or Adh4 gene disruptions.	Vitamin A	108-115	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	15-44
11836246-1	2002	The ability of class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) and class IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH4) to metabolize retinol to retinoic acid is supported by genetic studies in mice carrying Adh1 or Adh4 gene disruptions.	Vitamin A	108-115	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	46-50
11836246-1	2002	The ability of class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) and class IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH4) to metabolize retinol to retinoic acid is supported by genetic studies in mice carrying Adh1 or Adh4 gene disruptions.	Vitamin A	108-115	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	23-44
11836246-1	2002	The ability of class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) and class IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH4) to metabolize retinol to retinoic acid is supported by genetic studies in mice carrying Adh1 or Adh4 gene disruptions.	Vitamin A	108-115	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Mus musculus	88-92
11836246-1	2002	The ability of class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) and class IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH4) to metabolize retinol to retinoic acid is supported by genetic studies in mice carrying Adh1 or Adh4 gene disruptions.	Vitamin A	108-115	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	182-186
11836246-1	2002	The ability of class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1) and class IV alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH4) to metabolize retinol to retinoic acid is supported by genetic studies in mice carrying Adh1 or Adh4 gene disruptions.	Vitamin A	108-115	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Mus musculus	190-194
11836246-5	2002	Following administration of a 50-mg/kg dose of retinol to examine retinol turnover, Adh1 and Adh1/4 mutants exhibit similar 10-fold decreases in retinoic acid production, whereas Adh4 mutants have only a slight decrease.	Vitamin A	47-54	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	84-88
11836246-5	2002	Following administration of a 50-mg/kg dose of retinol to examine retinol turnover, Adh1 and Adh1/4 mutants exhibit similar 10-fold decreases in retinoic acid production, whereas Adh4 mutants have only a slight decrease.	Vitamin A	47-54	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	93-97
11836246-7	2002	Chronic retinol supplementation during gestation resulted in 65% postnatal lethality in Adh1 mutants, whereas only approximately 5% for Adh1/4 and Adh4 mutants.	Vitamin A	8-15	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	88-92
11836246-8	2002	These studies indicate that ADH1 provides considerable protection against vitamin A toxicity, whereas ADH4 promotes survival during vitamin A deficiency, thus demonstrating largely non-overlapping functions for these enzymes in retinoid metabolism.	Vitamin A	74-83	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	28-32
12034496-1	2002	Members of the cellular retinoic acid (CRABP) and retinol binding (CRBP) proteins family are involved in the metabolic pathways of retinoic acid (RA) and retinal respectively.	Vitamin A	50-57	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	39-44
12034496-1	2002	Members of the cellular retinoic acid (CRABP) and retinol binding (CRBP) proteins family are involved in the metabolic pathways of retinoic acid (RA) and retinal respectively.	Vitamin A	50-57	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
11959987-5	2002	Adh3 null mutant mice exhibit reduced RA generation in vivo, growth deficiency that can be rescued by retinol supplementation, and completely penetrant postnatal lethality during vitamin A deficiency.	Vitamin A	102-109	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	0-4
11971819-5	2002	Under conditions of differentiation, cells transfected transiently with HoxB3 augmented the retinol-induced gene expression of Clara cell-specific secretory protein, whereas the cells showed reduced expression of surfactant-associated protein C. These alterations were attenuated by the transfection with HoxB3 antisense nucleotide.	Vitamin A	92-99	homeobox B3	Mesocricetus auratus	72-77
11971819-5	2002	Under conditions of differentiation, cells transfected transiently with HoxB3 augmented the retinol-induced gene expression of Clara cell-specific secretory protein, whereas the cells showed reduced expression of surfactant-associated protein C. These alterations were attenuated by the transfection with HoxB3 antisense nucleotide.	Vitamin A	92-99	homeobox B3	Mesocricetus auratus	305-310
12056790-7	2002	In normal subjects and cancer patients, C-reactive protein concentrations were inversely correlated with circulating concentrations of retinol (r(2)=0.162), alpha-tocopherol (r(2)=0.297), lutein (r(2)=0.256), lycopene (r(2)=-0.171), alpha-(r(2)=0.140) and beta-carotene (r(2)=0.254): (all P<0.001).	Vitamin A	135-142	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	40-58
12357075-2	2002	The RPE65 protein is believed to play an important role in the metabolism of vitamin A in the visual cycle and mutations identified in the gene could have implications for vitamin A-based therapeutic intervention.	Vitamin A	77-86	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	4-9
12357075-2	2002	The RPE65 protein is believed to play an important role in the metabolism of vitamin A in the visual cycle and mutations identified in the gene could have implications for vitamin A-based therapeutic intervention.	Vitamin A	172-181	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	4-9
11853533-7	2002	RBP exhibits three molecular-recognition properties: it binds to retinol, to transthyretin (TTR) and to a cell-surface receptor.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
12022153-9	2002	Kidney tubular dysfunctions of increased RBP excretion significantly predicted urinary retinol excretion in children with watery diarrhoea.	Vitamin A	87-94	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	41-44
11880556-0	2002	Vitamin A and its derivatives induce hepatic glycine N-methyltransferase and hypomethylation of DNA in rats.	Vitamin A	0-9	glycine N-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	45-72
11880556-4	2002	The present study was conducted to determine whether vitamin A had a similar ability to up-regulate GNMT and to assess the biological importance of GNMT modulation by examining both the transmethylation and transsulfuration pathways after retinoid treatment.	Vitamin A	53-62	glycine N-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
11880556-9	2002	These results provide evidence of the following: 1) vitamin A, like its retinoic acid derivatives, can induce enzymatically active GNMT; and 2) inappropriate induction of GNMT can lead to a biologically important loss of methyl groups and the subsequent impairment of essential transmethylation processes.	Vitamin A	52-61	glycine N-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
11880556-9	2002	These results provide evidence of the following: 1) vitamin A, like its retinoic acid derivatives, can induce enzymatically active GNMT; and 2) inappropriate induction of GNMT can lead to a biologically important loss of methyl groups and the subsequent impairment of essential transmethylation processes.	Vitamin A	52-61	glycine N-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	171-175
11861404-5	2002	DD83.1 is identical to the human retSDR1, a short chain dehydrogenase/reductase that is thought to regenerate retinol from retinal in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	110-117	dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Homo sapiens	33-40
11861404-7	2002	Both the retinoic acid-dependent and the exogenous expression of retSDR1 in SK-N-AS cells induce the accumulation of retinyl esters, which indicates that it is involved in generating storage forms of retinol in tissues exposed to physiological retinol concentrations.	Vitamin A	200-207	dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Homo sapiens	65-72
11861404-7	2002	Both the retinoic acid-dependent and the exogenous expression of retSDR1 in SK-N-AS cells induce the accumulation of retinyl esters, which indicates that it is involved in generating storage forms of retinol in tissues exposed to physiological retinol concentrations.	Vitamin A	244-251	dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Homo sapiens	65-72
11861404-9	2002	Our observations suggest that retSDR1 is a novel regulator of vitamin A metabolism and that its frequent deletion in NB cells bearing MYCN amplification could compromise the sensitivity of those cells to retinol, thereby contributing to cancer development and progression.	Vitamin A	62-71	dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Homo sapiens	30-37
11861404-9	2002	Our observations suggest that retSDR1 is a novel regulator of vitamin A metabolism and that its frequent deletion in NB cells bearing MYCN amplification could compromise the sensitivity of those cells to retinol, thereby contributing to cancer development and progression.	Vitamin A	204-211	dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Homo sapiens	30-37
11909638-7	2002	Retinoic acid, a vitamin A (retinol) metabolite, which alone had little effect on the HSP27 level, markedly enhanced the HSP27 accumulation stimulated by TGF-beta.	Vitamin A	17-26	heat shock protein 1	Mus musculus	121-126
11909638-7	2002	Retinoic acid, a vitamin A (retinol) metabolite, which alone had little effect on the HSP27 level, markedly enhanced the HSP27 accumulation stimulated by TGF-beta.	Vitamin A	17-26	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	154-162
11909638-7	2002	Retinoic acid, a vitamin A (retinol) metabolite, which alone had little effect on the HSP27 level, markedly enhanced the HSP27 accumulation stimulated by TGF-beta.	Vitamin A	28-35	heat shock protein 1	Mus musculus	121-126
11909638-7	2002	Retinoic acid, a vitamin A (retinol) metabolite, which alone had little effect on the HSP27 level, markedly enhanced the HSP27 accumulation stimulated by TGF-beta.	Vitamin A	28-35	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	154-162
11852972-4	2002	The resulting 11-cis-retinol feeds into the visual cycle to be oxidized to 11-cis-retinal, thus replenishing the 11-cis-retinal of the rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	14-28	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	135-144
11742801-5	2002	Depletion of vitamin A reversibly downregulated P2X(4) receptor mRNA and protein and ATP-induced calcium influx.	Vitamin A	13-22	purinergic receptor P2X 4	Homo sapiens	48-54
11742801-6	2002	Depletion of vitamin A abrogated phase II response, and the effect could be partially reversed only with retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-selective retinoids but not retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists.	Vitamin A	13-22	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	129-132
12412372-3	2002	This work also led to the identification of the first gene (RAR beta) encoding a receptor for the active derivative of vitamin A, retinoid acid.	Vitamin A	119-128	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	60-68
11879576-4	2002	Of particular interest, cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1) and retinol-binding protein (RBP), two genes whose products are involved in retinol transport and metabolism, were found to be downregulated in this ovarian cancer model system.	Vitamin A	33-40	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
11879576-4	2002	Of particular interest, cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1) and retinol-binding protein (RBP), two genes whose products are involved in retinol transport and metabolism, were found to be downregulated in this ovarian cancer model system.	Vitamin A	33-40	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	61-64
11879576-6	2002	We hypothesize that the loss of CRBP1 and RBP expression disrupts retinol metabolism and retinoic acid production, which may facilitate the occurrence of genetic damage leading to the malignant transformation of the ovarian surface epithelium, the cells from which ovarian cancer arises.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	32-37
11879576-6	2002	We hypothesize that the loss of CRBP1 and RBP expression disrupts retinol metabolism and retinoic acid production, which may facilitate the occurrence of genetic damage leading to the malignant transformation of the ovarian surface epithelium, the cells from which ovarian cancer arises.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	33-36
12608627-1	2002	The aim of the study was to evaluate the dose-effect and dose-response relationships between the integrated indexes Cd-A x t (mg/m3 x years of exposure) and Cd-B x t (microg/l x years of exposure), and the increase in retinol binding protein excretion in urine (RBP-U) and beta2-microglobulin concentration in serum (beta2M-S).	Vitamin A	218-225	cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	116-120
12608627-1	2002	The aim of the study was to evaluate the dose-effect and dose-response relationships between the integrated indexes Cd-A x t (mg/m3 x years of exposure) and Cd-B x t (microg/l x years of exposure), and the increase in retinol binding protein excretion in urine (RBP-U) and beta2-microglobulin concentration in serum (beta2M-S).	Vitamin A	218-225	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	262-265
12608627-1	2002	The aim of the study was to evaluate the dose-effect and dose-response relationships between the integrated indexes Cd-A x t (mg/m3 x years of exposure) and Cd-B x t (microg/l x years of exposure), and the increase in retinol binding protein excretion in urine (RBP-U) and beta2-microglobulin concentration in serum (beta2M-S).	Vitamin A	218-225	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	273-292
11804663-9	2002	CONCLUSIONS: These data show a significant and quick induction of CYP2E1 activity, already at moderate alcohol consumption, which may be of importance in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease, of ethanol, drug and vitamin A interactions and in alcohol associated carcinogenesis.	Vitamin A	220-229	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	66-72
12012631-1	2002	Vitamin A (vit A) plays an important role in wound healing and therefore may help in repairing of intestinal mucosal injury.	Vitamin A	0-9	vitrin	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
12421614-7	2002	We also found a significant decrease in hippocampal acetylcholine release induced by scopolamine, assessed using microdialysis technique, and a reduction in the size of hippocampal nuclei of CA1 region in vitamin-deficient rats, compared to rats fed with a vitamin A-sufficient diet.	Vitamin A	257-266	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	191-194
11866053-2	2002	In plasma, TTR exists as a tetramer and binds the hormone thyroxine and the retinol-binding protein-vitamin A complex.	Vitamin A	76-83	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	11-14
11866053-2	2002	In plasma, TTR exists as a tetramer and binds the hormone thyroxine and the retinol-binding protein-vitamin A complex.	Vitamin A	100-109	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	11-14
15618709-1	2002	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a specific transport protein which carries retinol in the circulation.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
15618709-1	2002	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a specific transport protein which carries retinol in the circulation.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
11840179-6	2002	There was a correlation between RBP and vitamin A (P=0.0001).	Vitamin A	40-49	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
11916005-1	2002	The human alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4) gene encodes the class II ADH4 pi subunit, which contributes to the metabolization of a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol, retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products.	Vitamin A	176-183	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	10-33
11916005-1	2002	The human alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4) gene encodes the class II ADH4 pi subunit, which contributes to the metabolization of a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol, retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products.	Vitamin A	176-183	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	35-39
11916005-1	2002	The human alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4) gene encodes the class II ADH4 pi subunit, which contributes to the metabolization of a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol, retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products.	Vitamin A	176-183	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	67-71
11796109-2	2002	Although its role is poorly understood, IRBP has been thought to protect 11-cis retinal and all-trans retinol while facilitating their exchange between the photoreceptors and retinal-pigmented epithelium.	Vitamin A	102-109	retinol binding protein 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	40-44
11604395-4	2001	This conversion is inhibited when 11-cis-retinol is in a complex with cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP), providing a clear demonstration of the protective effect of retinoid-binding proteins in retinoid processes in the eye, a function that has been long suspected but never proven.	Vitamin A	34-48	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Mus musculus	70-108
11604395-4	2001	This conversion is inhibited when 11-cis-retinol is in a complex with cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP), providing a clear demonstration of the protective effect of retinoid-binding proteins in retinoid processes in the eye, a function that has been long suspected but never proven.	Vitamin A	34-48	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Mus musculus	110-116
11604395-8	2001	We also demonstrate that the reverse isomerization occurs in vivo using exogenous 11-cis-retinol injected into the intravitreal space of wild type and Rpe65-/- mice, which have defective forward isomerization.	Vitamin A	82-96	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	151-156
11724755-2	2001	The hepatic CYP4A-dependent omega-hydroxylation of arachidonic acid and CYP2C11-dependent 2alpha-/16alpha-hydroxylations of testosterone were decreased to 74 and 60% of respective control in microsomal fractions from vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	217-226	cytochrome P450, subfamily 2, polypeptide 11	Rattus norvegicus	72-79
11724755-5	2001	Corresponding decreases in microsomal CYP4A and CYP2C11 immunoreactive protein expression to 64 and 68% of respective control were observed in vitamin A-deficient rat liver.	Vitamin A	143-152	cytochrome P450, subfamily 2, polypeptide 11	Rattus norvegicus	48-55
11724755-8	2001	Northern analysis revealed a selective decrease in CYP4A2 mRNA expression in vitamin A-deficient rat liver to approximately 5% of control; expression of the related CYP4A1/4A3 mRNAs was not decreased.	Vitamin A	77-86	cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	51-57
11724755-9	2001	CYP2C11 mRNA expression was also decreased in vitamin A-deficient male rat liver to 39% of control levels.	Vitamin A	46-55	cytochrome P450, subfamily 2, polypeptide 11	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
11724755-15	2001	From these studies it emerges that CYP4A2, a fatty acid omega-hydroxylase in rat liver, is highly dependent on vitamin A for optimal expression, whereas CYP2C11 is indirectly down regulated by androgen deficiency resulting from vitamin A-deficiency.	Vitamin A	111-120	cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
11735045-0	2001	Prevention of neonatal estrogen imprinting by vitamin A as indicated by estrogen receptor expression in the mouse vagina.	Vitamin A	46-55	estrogen receptor 1 (alpha)	Mus musculus	72-89
11781669-1	2001	OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of the molar ratio of serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) to transthyretin (TTR) to determine vitamin A (VA) status during infection.	Vitamin A	130-139	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	89-92
11739873-6	2001	Milk ROH was lower in rats fed AD, and milk RBP was lower in those fed ZD and DD compared with rats fed C. In summary, chronic, marginal intake of zinc or vitamin A resulted in alterations in tissue retinol metabolism and milk retinol levels without decreasing plasma zinc, retinol or ROH:RBP during lactation.	Vitamin A	155-164	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
11739873-6	2001	Milk ROH was lower in rats fed AD, and milk RBP was lower in those fed ZD and DD compared with rats fed C. In summary, chronic, marginal intake of zinc or vitamin A resulted in alterations in tissue retinol metabolism and milk retinol levels without decreasing plasma zinc, retinol or ROH:RBP during lactation.	Vitamin A	155-164	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	289-292
11746830-5	2001	The vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) has been used as a chemotherapeutic drug in the treatment of SCC.	Vitamin A	4-13	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	105-108
12031251-6	2001	Compared to the other experimental groups, the vitamin A treated group showed an increase in connexin 43 expression.	Vitamin A	47-56	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-104
12031251-7	2001	It was concluded that beta-carotene and vitamin A modulated oval cell proliferation and connexin 43 expression, delaying both events.	Vitamin A	40-49	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-99
11766909-2	2001	The retinol-esterifying enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the conversion of retinol into its storage form.	Vitamin A	4-11	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	31-63
11738088-1	2001	The crystal structure of the specific carrier of retinol (retinol-binding protein, RBP) purified from chicken plasma has been determined (space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with a=46.06(5) A, b=53.56(6) A, c=73.41(8) A, and one protein molecule in the asymmetric unit).	Vitamin A	49-56	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	83-86
11604994-3	2001	One such candidate may be 13-cRA (cis retinoic acid), a vitamin A derivative known to markedly regulate the differentiation and proliferation of normal and neoplastic cells.	Vitamin A	56-65	myotubularin related protein 11	Mus musculus	29-32
11840763-0	2001	[Correlation between nutrient levels of vitamin A and zinc and HOX C4 gene expression in mice embryos].	Vitamin A	40-49	homeobox C4	Mus musculus	63-69
11840763-7	2001	CONCLUSIONS: Levels of vitamin A and zinc in the body of pregnant mice positively correlated significantly with their HOX C4 (3.5) gene expression, with coefficients of correlation of 0.78 to 0.99.	Vitamin A	23-32	homeobox C4	Mus musculus	118-124
11573958-0	2001	Metabolism of vitamin A affected by prostaglandin F synthase in contractile interstitial cells of bovine lung.	Vitamin A	14-23	dihydrodiol dehydrogenase 3	Bos taurus	36-60
11562362-0	2001	Molecular characterization of a mouse short chain dehydrogenase/reductase active with all-trans-retinol in intact cells, mRDH1.	Vitamin A	90-103	retinol dehydrogenase 1 (all trans)	Mus musculus	121-126
11562362-3	2001	RDH1 represents a new member of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase superfamily that differs from other mouse RDH in relative activity with all-trans and cis-retinols.	Vitamin A	162-170	retinol dehydrogenase 1 (all trans)	Mus musculus	0-4
11562362-8	2001	Cells cotransfected with RDH1 and any one of three retinal dehydrogenase isozymes synthesize all-trans-retinoic acid from retinol, demonstrating that RDH1contributes to a path of all-trans-retinoic acid biosynthesis in intact cells.	Vitamin A	122-129	retinol dehydrogenase 1 (all trans)	Mus musculus	25-29
11562362-8	2001	Cells cotransfected with RDH1 and any one of three retinal dehydrogenase isozymes synthesize all-trans-retinoic acid from retinol, demonstrating that RDH1contributes to a path of all-trans-retinoic acid biosynthesis in intact cells.	Vitamin A	122-129	retinol dehydrogenase 1 (all trans)	Mus musculus	150-154
11791725-5	2001	When birds were rendered vitamin A deficient through feeding with a vitamin A-free diet, the daily rhythm of the HIOMT gene almost disappeared in both the pineal gland and eye due to increases in the nighttime values.	Vitamin A	25-34	acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase	Coturnix japonica	113-118
11791725-5	2001	When birds were rendered vitamin A deficient through feeding with a vitamin A-free diet, the daily rhythm of the HIOMT gene almost disappeared in both the pineal gland and eye due to increases in the nighttime values.	Vitamin A	68-77	acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase	Coturnix japonica	113-118
11791725-6	2001	Our previous observations and these results suggest that vitamin A and a photo-signal are required to maintain the rhythmic expression of the HIOMT gene as well as the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase gene.	Vitamin A	57-66	acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase	Coturnix japonica	142-147
11791725-6	2001	Our previous observations and these results suggest that vitamin A and a photo-signal are required to maintain the rhythmic expression of the HIOMT gene as well as the arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase gene.	Vitamin A	57-66	serotonin N-acetyltransferase	Coturnix japonica	168-202
11747365-10	2001	These data are consistent with the existence of mechanisms for the transport of retinol to the retina independent of the classical retinol-RBP-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	80-87	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	139-142
11747365-10	2001	These data are consistent with the existence of mechanisms for the transport of retinol to the retina independent of the classical retinol-RBP-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	80-87	transthyretin	Mus musculus	143-146
11687551-5	2001	In mice without a functional Rpe65 gene, isomerization of all-trans- to 11-cis-retinol is blocked.	Vitamin A	72-86	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	29-34
11928954-2	2001	Although beta-lg can bind in vitro to a variety of hydrophobic substrates, mainly retinol and long-chain fatty acids, its physiological function is still unknown.	Vitamin A	82-89	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	9-16
11928954-4	2001	1, we investigated the effect of beta-lg on the plasma retinol concentration in preruminant calves.	Vitamin A	55-62	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	33-40
11928954-7	2001	The plasma retinol concentration of 10-d-old calves was greater (P < 0.05) in the beta-lg-fed group) than in the control group during the period from 8 to 12 h and at 24 h after the feeding.	Vitamin A	11-18	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	85-92
11928954-8	2001	The postprandial change of plasma retinol in 40-d-old calves fed milk with beta-lg was higher (P < 0.05) than that in the control calves only at 12 h after the feeding.	Vitamin A	34-41	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	75-82
11928954-13	2001	At age 40 d, plasma triglyceride in the beta-lg-fed group was higher (P < 0.05) than in the control group only at 9 h. Ratios of palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids to total plasma lipids were higher (P < 0.05) in the calves fed beta-lg milk than in the control calves at age 10 d. These results suggest that beta-lg enhances the intestinal uptake of retinol, triglyceride, and long-chain fatty acids in preruminant calves.	Vitamin A	356-363	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	40-47
12031254-5	2001	In order to distinguish the intrinsic enzyme activity from modulation of retinol uptake and CRBP-retinol content of the cytosol in the studied cells, we monitored enzyme kinetics in the purified microsomal fraction.	Vitamin A	97-104	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	92-96
12031254-9	2001	We conclude that both LRAT and ARAT participate in retinol esterification in hepatic stellate cells: LRAT"s activity correlates with the vitamin A status, while ARAT depends upon the availability of fatty acyl-CoA and the overall lipid metabolism in hepatic stellate cells.	Vitamin A	51-58	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	22-26
12031254-9	2001	We conclude that both LRAT and ARAT participate in retinol esterification in hepatic stellate cells: LRAT"s activity correlates with the vitamin A status, while ARAT depends upon the availability of fatty acyl-CoA and the overall lipid metabolism in hepatic stellate cells.	Vitamin A	51-58	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	31-35
12031254-9	2001	We conclude that both LRAT and ARAT participate in retinol esterification in hepatic stellate cells: LRAT"s activity correlates with the vitamin A status, while ARAT depends upon the availability of fatty acyl-CoA and the overall lipid metabolism in hepatic stellate cells.	Vitamin A	51-58	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	101-105
12031254-9	2001	We conclude that both LRAT and ARAT participate in retinol esterification in hepatic stellate cells: LRAT"s activity correlates with the vitamin A status, while ARAT depends upon the availability of fatty acyl-CoA and the overall lipid metabolism in hepatic stellate cells.	Vitamin A	137-146	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	22-26
12031254-9	2001	We conclude that both LRAT and ARAT participate in retinol esterification in hepatic stellate cells: LRAT"s activity correlates with the vitamin A status, while ARAT depends upon the availability of fatty acyl-CoA and the overall lipid metabolism in hepatic stellate cells.	Vitamin A	137-146	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	101-105
11766909-2	2001	The retinol-esterifying enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) catalyzes the conversion of retinol into its storage form.	Vitamin A	4-11	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	65-69
11766909-3	2001	Expression of the LRAT mRNA is induced by retinoic acid (RA), or by dietary vitamin A, and is downregulated upon vitamin A depletion.	Vitamin A	76-85	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	18-22
11766909-3	2001	Expression of the LRAT mRNA is induced by retinoic acid (RA), or by dietary vitamin A, and is downregulated upon vitamin A depletion.	Vitamin A	113-122	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	18-22
11766909-5	2001	CYP26 is downregulated upon vitamin A depletion.	Vitamin A	28-37	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
11589695-3	2001	Tissue sections from several regions of adult rat brain were examined by in situ hybridization to detect the expression of genes encoding ADH1 and ADH4, enzymes highly active with ethanol and retinol.	Vitamin A	192-199	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	138-142
11704871-4	2001	Ectopic CRBP-mediated inhibition of anchorage-independent cell survival and colony formation in the absence of significantly altered responses to either retinol or retinoic acid was also documented in T47D human breast cancer cells.	Vitamin A	153-160	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	8-12
11585737-8	2001	When MCF-7 cells were then transfected with ALDH6, they (re)gained the ability to oxidize retinal to RA as well as some ability to synthesize RA when provided with retinol.	Vitamin A	164-171	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A3	Homo sapiens	44-49
11576172-8	2001	A potential interaction of vitamin A and ethanol at the level of CRABP-I gene expression is discussed.	Vitamin A	27-36	cellular retinoic acid binding protein I	Mus musculus	65-72
11589695-3	2001	Tissue sections from several regions of adult rat brain were examined by in situ hybridization to detect the expression of genes encoding ADH1 and ADH4, enzymes highly active with ethanol and retinol.	Vitamin A	192-199	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
11589695-10	2001	The impairment of retinol oxidation by competitive inhibition of ADH in the presence of ethanol may be an additional origin of CNS abnormalities caused by ethanol.	Vitamin A	18-25	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
18498477-4	2001	These results indicate that retinol per se inhibits the adipo-conversion of human preadipocytes and suggest that the mechanisms of this antiadipogenic action implies at least in part inhibition of C/EBP transcriptional activity.	Vitamin A	28-35	CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	197-202
11470233-5	2001	This data ruled out, for the first time, the direct involvement of RBP in retinol mobilization from HSCs.	Vitamin A	74-81	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
11528388-3	2001	Here we show that a single maternal administration of a low dose of the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid is sufficient to compensate the requirement for Hoxa1 function.	Vitamin A	72-81	homeobox A1	Mus musculus	155-160
11588001-9	2001	The expression level of surfactant proteins (SP) -A and -C was decreased in vit A-treated control rats and in nitrofen-exposed fetuses with or without DH.	Vitamin A	76-81	surfactant protein C	Rattus norvegicus	24-58
11588001-10	2001	Vit A restored SP-A and -C mRNA expression to control levels in N/+DH.	Vitamin A	0-5	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	15-26
11588001-11	2001	SP-B expression was lowered in N/no DH and increased by vit A in this group.	Vitamin A	56-61	surfactant protein B	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
11588001-12	2001	The proportion of type II cells assessed by SP-B immunolabeling was lowered in N/+DH and restored by vit A treatment.	Vitamin A	101-106	surfactant protein B	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
11418621-0	2001	Characterization of a dehydrogenase activity responsible for oxidation of 11-cis-retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium of mice with a disrupted RDH5 gene.	Vitamin A	74-88	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Mus musculus	148-152
11577987-1	2001	A recent finding of a novel class of retinol-active alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in frog prompted analysis of this activity in other vertebrate forms.	Vitamin A	37-44	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Gallus gallus	52-73
11590830-1	2001	Alcohol dehydrogenase class IV (ADH4) participates in retinol metabolism and is expressed primarily in ocular, digestive, and reproductive tissues of the mouse.	Vitamin A	54-61	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Mus musculus	32-36
11446776-9	2001	Module II of IRBP binds 1.57 +/- 0.041 and 1.49 +/- 0.15 equivalents of at all- trans retinol and 9-(9-anthroyloxy) stearic acid, respectively, with KDs in the 0.1 microM range.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	13-17
11674995-1	2001	Mouse rdh6 encodes cis-retinoid/androgen dehydrogenase type 1 (CRAD1), a short-chain dehydrogenase, which recognizes as substrates 9-cis-retinol, 11-cis-retinol, 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha-ol-17-one, and is expressed most intensely in liver and kidney.	Vitamin A	146-160	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Mus musculus	6-10
11674995-1	2001	Mouse rdh6 encodes cis-retinoid/androgen dehydrogenase type 1 (CRAD1), a short-chain dehydrogenase, which recognizes as substrates 9-cis-retinol, 11-cis-retinol, 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha-ol-17-one, and is expressed most intensely in liver and kidney.	Vitamin A	146-160	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Mus musculus	19-61
11674995-1	2001	Mouse rdh6 encodes cis-retinoid/androgen dehydrogenase type 1 (CRAD1), a short-chain dehydrogenase, which recognizes as substrates 9-cis-retinol, 11-cis-retinol, 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha-ol-17-one, and is expressed most intensely in liver and kidney.	Vitamin A	146-160	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Mus musculus	63-68
11500531-0	2001	Changes of adiposity in response to vitamin A status correlate with changes of PPAR gamma 2 expression.	Vitamin A	36-45	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	79-91
11500531-8	2001	Hypertrophy of BAT, in contrast, correlated with a decrease of PPAR gamma 2 expression that may contribute to the known reduced thermogenic potential of BAT under conditions of vitamin A restriction.	Vitamin A	177-186	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	63-75
11352912-1	2001	Transthyretin is an essential protein responsible for the transport of thyroid hormones and retinol in human serum and is also implicated in the amyloid diseases familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy and senile systemic amyloidosis.	Vitamin A	92-99	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
11444878-0	2001	Impaired vitamin A-mediated mucosal IgA response in IL-5 receptor-knockout mice.	Vitamin A	9-18	interleukin 5	Mus musculus	52-56
11444878-6	2001	Our results suggest that IL-5 may play an important role in an action of vitamin A on mucosal IgA system.	Vitamin A	73-82	interleukin 5	Mus musculus	25-29
11404231-0	2001	Differential regulation of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5 gene expression by vitamin A status in Japanese quail.	Vitamin A	66-75	insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2	Coturnix japonica	27-34
11404231-0	2001	Differential regulation of IGFBP-2 and IGFBP-5 gene expression by vitamin A status in Japanese quail.	Vitamin A	66-75	insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5	Coturnix japonica	39-46
11404231-5	2001	A single injection of retinoic acid or retinol to VA-deficient quail did not affect the levels of IGFBP-2 mRNA, but it rapidly induced the expression of IGFBP-5 mRNAs in some tissues.	Vitamin A	39-46	insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5	Coturnix japonica	153-160
11551117-2	2001	The molecular properties of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) retinol-binding protein (rtRBP), the specific retinol carrier in vertebrate plasma, were studied to elucidate its role in transporting retinols to developing fish oocytes.	Vitamin A	199-207	retinol-binding protein 4	Oncorhynchus mykiss	64-87
11448571-8	2001	Improvement of the serum alanine-aminotransferase level correlated with an increase in the plasma alpha-tocopherol level (r = -0.667, P < 0.01) and increases in consumption of vitamin A, omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vegetables.	Vitamin A	179-188	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	25-49
11472682-4	2001	Although the concrete function of RPE65 is unknown as yet, it has been found to be involved in vitamin A metabolism and rhodopsin regeneration.	Vitamin A	95-104	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	34-39
11577987-1	2001	A recent finding of a novel class of retinol-active alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in frog prompted analysis of this activity in other vertebrate forms.	Vitamin A	37-44	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Gallus gallus	75-78
11409037-1	2001	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma protein that transports thyroid hormone and retinol binding protein-vitamin A complex.	Vitamin A	100-109	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
11274198-9	2001	The reduction of 11-cis-retinal to 11-cis-retinol by cRDH enhanced the net photoisomerization of all-trans-retinal bound to RGR.	Vitamin A	35-49	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Bos taurus	53-57
11274198-9	2001	The reduction of 11-cis-retinal to 11-cis-retinol by cRDH enhanced the net photoisomerization of all-trans-retinal bound to RGR.	Vitamin A	35-49	retinal G protein coupled receptor	Bos taurus	124-127
11409037-1	2001	Transthyretin (TTR) is a plasma protein that transports thyroid hormone and retinol binding protein-vitamin A complex.	Vitamin A	100-109	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
11368763-0	2001	Uterocalin, a lipocalin provisioning the preattachment equine conceptus: fatty acid and retinol binding properties, and structural characterization.	Vitamin A	88-95	uterocalin	Equus caballus	0-10
11368763-5	2001	Uterocalin also binds all-trans-retinol, the binding site for which is coincident or interactive with that for fatty acids.	Vitamin A	22-39	uterocalin	Equus caballus	0-10
11399497-1	2001	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the specific carrier of retinol in vertebrates and forms a 1:1 complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	57-64	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
11319755-1	2001	We have reported that Cellular Retinol Binding Protein-1 (CRBP-1) is expressed de novo during skin wound healing by a proportion of fibroblastic cells which then differentiate into myofibroblasts and express alpha-smooth muscle actin.	Vitamin A	31-38	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	208-233
11377968-3	2001	The ABCR protein has been identified as a critical transporter in the recycling of retinal (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	92-101	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	4-8
11504380-5	2001	Retinol, retinal and retinoic acid also inhibited proliferation of cells growth-stimulated with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I).	Vitamin A	0-7	insulin like growth factor 1	Bos taurus	96-124
11414679-0	2001	Fatty acid delta(5)-desaturase mRNA is regulated by dietary vitamin A and exogenous retinoic acid in liver of adult rats.	Vitamin A	60-69	fatty acid desaturase 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-30
11414679-4	2001	Treatment of VA-deficient rats with all-trans-retinoic acid lowered the level of expression of D5D mRNA toward that of VA-sufficient rats.	Vitamin A	13-15	fatty acid desaturase 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
11432447-7	2001	The action of retinoic acid on hepatic glucokinase might explain previous observations on the relationship between vitamin A status and liver glycogen synthesis.	Vitamin A	115-124	glucokinase	Rattus norvegicus	39-50
11312145-1	2001	We investigated the effects of vitamin A (VA) nutritional status on the levels of expression of retinoic acid (RA) receptor-beta (RARbeta) gene in the various tissues of Japanese quail.	Vitamin A	31-40	retinoic acid receptor beta	Coturnix japonica	96-128
11312145-1	2001	We investigated the effects of vitamin A (VA) nutritional status on the levels of expression of retinoic acid (RA) receptor-beta (RARbeta) gene in the various tissues of Japanese quail.	Vitamin A	42-44	retinoic acid receptor beta	Coturnix japonica	96-128
11312145-1	2001	We investigated the effects of vitamin A (VA) nutritional status on the levels of expression of retinoic acid (RA) receptor-beta (RARbeta) gene in the various tissues of Japanese quail.	Vitamin A	42-44	retinoic acid receptor beta	Coturnix japonica	130-137
11504380-5	2001	Retinol, retinal and retinoic acid also inhibited proliferation of cells growth-stimulated with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I).	Vitamin A	0-7	insulin like growth factor 1	Bos taurus	126-131
11504380-7	2001	Retinol and retinoic acid also inhibited proliferation of cells growth-stimulated by insulin and other growth factors from the IGF growth factor family (des(1-3)IGF-I and IGF-II), as well as growth factors from the epidermal growth factor family (EGF and TGF-alpha), with retinoic acid being more effective than retinol.	Vitamin A	0-7	insulin	Bos taurus	85-92
11504380-7	2001	Retinol and retinoic acid also inhibited proliferation of cells growth-stimulated by insulin and other growth factors from the IGF growth factor family (des(1-3)IGF-I and IGF-II), as well as growth factors from the epidermal growth factor family (EGF and TGF-alpha), with retinoic acid being more effective than retinol.	Vitamin A	0-7	insulin like growth factor 1	Bos taurus	161-166
11504380-7	2001	Retinol and retinoic acid also inhibited proliferation of cells growth-stimulated by insulin and other growth factors from the IGF growth factor family (des(1-3)IGF-I and IGF-II), as well as growth factors from the epidermal growth factor family (EGF and TGF-alpha), with retinoic acid being more effective than retinol.	Vitamin A	0-7	insulin like growth factor 2	Bos taurus	171-177
11504380-7	2001	Retinol and retinoic acid also inhibited proliferation of cells growth-stimulated by insulin and other growth factors from the IGF growth factor family (des(1-3)IGF-I and IGF-II), as well as growth factors from the epidermal growth factor family (EGF and TGF-alpha), with retinoic acid being more effective than retinol.	Vitamin A	0-7	epidermal growth factor	Bos taurus	247-250
11504380-7	2001	Retinol and retinoic acid also inhibited proliferation of cells growth-stimulated by insulin and other growth factors from the IGF growth factor family (des(1-3)IGF-I and IGF-II), as well as growth factors from the epidermal growth factor family (EGF and TGF-alpha), with retinoic acid being more effective than retinol.	Vitamin A	0-7	transforming growth factor alpha	Bos taurus	255-264
11340090-5	2001	Once in the cell, retinol is complexed with cellular retinol-binding protein type 2 (CRBP2) and the complex serves as a substrate for reesterification of the retinol by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	85-90
11340090-5	2001	Once in the cell, retinol is complexed with cellular retinol-binding protein type 2 (CRBP2) and the complex serves as a substrate for reesterification of the retinol by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	18-25	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	180-212
11340090-5	2001	Once in the cell, retinol is complexed with cellular retinol-binding protein type 2 (CRBP2) and the complex serves as a substrate for reesterification of the retinol by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	85-90
11340090-5	2001	Once in the cell, retinol is complexed with cellular retinol-binding protein type 2 (CRBP2) and the complex serves as a substrate for reesterification of the retinol by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	53-60	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	180-212
11340090-6	2001	Retinol not bound to CRBP2 is esterified by acyl-CoA acyltransferase (ARAT).	Vitamin A	0-7	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	70-74
11340129-10	2001	RBP has been used as a surrogate marker for serum retinol.	Vitamin A	50-57	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
11340129-11	2001	Correlations coefficients (r(2)) between serum RBP and serum retinol range from 0.4 to 0.8.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-50
11343416-5	2001	Several natural (endogenous) hormones such as retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, have the ability to attenuate NOS2 activation in inflammatory cells.	Vitamin A	86-95	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	127-131
11432469-1	2001	Identification of inhibitors of retinyl ester hydrolase (REH) would help to elucidate its role in vitamin A metabolism in vivo.	Vitamin A	98-107	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	32-55
11432469-1	2001	Identification of inhibitors of retinyl ester hydrolase (REH) would help to elucidate its role in vitamin A metabolism in vivo.	Vitamin A	98-107	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
11313141-2	2001	The Adh4 gene product may play an important role in differentiation and development because of its capacity to metabolize retinol to retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	122-129	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Mus musculus	4-8
11273854-9	2001	In infants, concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I were related to concentrations of plasma retinol and beta-carotene but not to zinc.	Vitamin A	100-107	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	30-58
11780467-0	2001	Effects of acidum vitamin A on tyrosinase activity.	Vitamin A	18-27	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	31-41
11780467-1	2001	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of acidum vitamin A on tyrosinase activity and provide experimental evidence for therapy of pigment disorder of skin.	Vitamin A	47-56	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	60-70
11780467-3	2001	RESULTS: The levels of tyrosinase activity in the acidum vitamin A group were significantly greater than those of the control group (P < 0.01).	Vitamin A	57-66	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	23-33
11780467-4	2001	CONCLUSION: Tyrosinase activity can be increasingly induced by acidum vitamin A.	Vitamin A	70-79	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	12-22
11368427-3	2001	This study was conducted to determine whether a luminal infusion of lysophosphatidylcholine, a product of PC hydrolysis by pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2), would simultaneously restore the absorptions of retinol and alphaTP in LZ rats.	Vitamin A	207-214	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
11328675-3	2001	We report here that retinol caused cellular oxidative stress and modulated superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities.	Vitamin A	20-27	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	97-105
11328675-5	2001	In response to retinol treatment superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities increased.	Vitamin A	15-22	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	55-63
11274224-1	2001	Plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) combined with vitamin A (retinol) is partially filtered through the glomerulus and then absorbed by proximal tubule cells, leading to recycling of retinol to the circulation.	Vitamin A	7-14	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
11274224-2	2001	Recently, it was shown that reabsorption of RBP-retinol complexes by proximal tubule cells is mediated by megalin (gp 330), an apical endocytic receptor.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
11274224-2	2001	Recently, it was shown that reabsorption of RBP-retinol complexes by proximal tubule cells is mediated by megalin (gp 330), an apical endocytic receptor.	Vitamin A	48-55	LDL receptor related protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	106-113
11274224-2	2001	Recently, it was shown that reabsorption of RBP-retinol complexes by proximal tubule cells is mediated by megalin (gp 330), an apical endocytic receptor.	Vitamin A	48-55	LDL receptor related protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	115-121
11274224-3	2001	It was proposed that RBP is transported by megalin to lysosomes, where it is degraded, thus liberating retinol, which then combines with newly synthesized RBP to be secreted into the bloodstream.	Vitamin A	103-110	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
11274224-3	2001	It was proposed that RBP is transported by megalin to lysosomes, where it is degraded, thus liberating retinol, which then combines with newly synthesized RBP to be secreted into the bloodstream.	Vitamin A	103-110	LDL receptor related protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	43-50
11274224-4	2001	This study shows that passage of RBP through immortalized rat renal proximal tubule (IRPT) cells occurs by transcytosis after megalin-mediated endocytosis, which provides an alternative pathway for recycling of retinol.	Vitamin A	211-218	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
11274224-4	2001	This study shows that passage of RBP through immortalized rat renal proximal tubule (IRPT) cells occurs by transcytosis after megalin-mediated endocytosis, which provides an alternative pathway for recycling of retinol.	Vitamin A	211-218	LDL receptor related protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	126-133
11285324-4	2001	Consuming the vitamin A-deficient diet for 14 d did not affect growth rate, but decreased the serum IGF-I concentrations by 22% compared with the control group.	Vitamin A	14-23	insulin-like growth factor I	Coturnix japonica	100-105
11285324-6	2001	Continuous feeding of the vitamin A-deficient diet for 21 d retarded growth and further decreased the levels of serum IGF-I and tissue IGF-I mRNA.	Vitamin A	26-35	insulin-like growth factor I	Coturnix japonica	118-123
11285324-6	2001	Continuous feeding of the vitamin A-deficient diet for 21 d retarded growth and further decreased the levels of serum IGF-I and tissue IGF-I mRNA.	Vitamin A	26-35	insulin-like growth factor I	Coturnix japonica	135-140
11285324-9	2001	When vitamin A-deficient quail received a single injection of retinol or retinoic acid (0.1 mg/bird), tissue IGF-I, IGF-IR and IR gene expressions did not change after 4 h. These results suggest a possible physiologic role of the IGF system in mediating vitamin A-supported growth of Japanese quail.	Vitamin A	5-14	insulin-like growth factor I	Coturnix japonica	109-114
11285324-9	2001	When vitamin A-deficient quail received a single injection of retinol or retinoic acid (0.1 mg/bird), tissue IGF-I, IGF-IR and IR gene expressions did not change after 4 h. These results suggest a possible physiologic role of the IGF system in mediating vitamin A-supported growth of Japanese quail.	Vitamin A	62-69	insulin-like growth factor I	Coturnix japonica	109-114
11504380-9	2001	The growth-stimulating effect of insulin, EGF and TGF-alpha was inhibited 42-64% by retinol and retinoic acid at 100 ng/ml, and 64-84% at 10,000 ng/ml.	Vitamin A	84-91	insulin	Bos taurus	33-40
11504380-9	2001	The growth-stimulating effect of insulin, EGF and TGF-alpha was inhibited 42-64% by retinol and retinoic acid at 100 ng/ml, and 64-84% at 10,000 ng/ml.	Vitamin A	84-91	epidermal growth factor	Bos taurus	42-45
11504380-9	2001	The growth-stimulating effect of insulin, EGF and TGF-alpha was inhibited 42-64% by retinol and retinoic acid at 100 ng/ml, and 64-84% at 10,000 ng/ml.	Vitamin A	84-91	transforming growth factor alpha	Bos taurus	50-59
11274389-1	2001	Two cellular retinol-binding proteins (CRBP I and II) with distinct tissue distributions and retinoid-binding properties have been recognized thus far in mammals.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	39-52
11488938-0	2001	Impact of vitamin A supplementation on anaemia and plasma erythropoietin concentrations in pregnant women: a controlled clinical trial.	Vitamin A	10-19	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	58-72
11488938-1	2001	INTRODUCTION: Although studies suggest that vitamin A or its metabolites influence the synthesis of erythropoietin in vitro and in animal models, it is unclear whether vitamin A supplementation increases plasma erythropoietin concentrations in humans.	Vitamin A	44-53	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	100-114
11488938-2	2001	OBJECTIVE: To determine whether daily vitamin A supplementation increases plasma erythropoietin concentrations in pregnant women with a high prevalence of anaemia.	Vitamin A	38-47	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	81-95
11488938-6	2001	Mean change in plasma erythropoietin concentrations from enrollment to 38 wk was 2.39+/-5.00 (p=0.63) and -2.87+/-3.92 IU/L (p=0.46) in the vitamin A and controls groups, respectively.	Vitamin A	140-149	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	22-36
11274389-8	2001	CRBP III and all-trans-retinol form a complex (K(d) approximately 60 nM), the absorption spectrum of which is characterized by the peculiar fine structure typical of the spectra of holo-CRBP I and II.	Vitamin A	13-30	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	186-199
11274389-9	2001	As revealed by a 2.3-A x-ray molecular model of apo-CRBP III, the amino acid residues that line the retinol-binding site in CRBP I and II are positioned nearly identically in the structure of CRBP III.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 5	Homo sapiens	52-60
11274389-9	2001	As revealed by a 2.3-A x-ray molecular model of apo-CRBP III, the amino acid residues that line the retinol-binding site in CRBP I and II are positioned nearly identically in the structure of CRBP III.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	124-137
11274389-9	2001	As revealed by a 2.3-A x-ray molecular model of apo-CRBP III, the amino acid residues that line the retinol-binding site in CRBP I and II are positioned nearly identically in the structure of CRBP III.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 5	Homo sapiens	192-200
11274389-10	2001	At variance with the human CRBP I and II mRNAs, which are most abundant in ovary and intestine, respectively, the CRBP III mRNA is expressed at the highest levels in kidney and liver thus suggesting a prominent role for human CRBP III as an intracellular mediator of retinol metabolism in these tissues.	Vitamin A	267-274	retinol binding protein 5	Homo sapiens	114-122
11274389-10	2001	At variance with the human CRBP I and II mRNAs, which are most abundant in ovary and intestine, respectively, the CRBP III mRNA is expressed at the highest levels in kidney and liver thus suggesting a prominent role for human CRBP III as an intracellular mediator of retinol metabolism in these tissues.	Vitamin A	267-274	retinol binding protein 5	Homo sapiens	226-234
11246122-3	2001	Mucous differentiation and expression of MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B and MUC7, but not MUCi, MUC4, and MUC8 mucin genes, were shown to be retinoic acid- (RA) or retinol-dependent.	Vitamin A	153-160	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	41-45
11237856-1	2001	Beta,beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase cleaves beta,beta-carotene into two molecules of retinal, and is the key enzyme in the metabolism of beta,beta-carotene to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	161-170	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	0-37
11237856-1	2001	Beta,beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase cleaves beta,beta-carotene into two molecules of retinal, and is the key enzyme in the metabolism of beta,beta-carotene to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	161-170	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	5-9
11237856-1	2001	Beta,beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase cleaves beta,beta-carotene into two molecules of retinal, and is the key enzyme in the metabolism of beta,beta-carotene to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	161-170	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	46-50
11237856-1	2001	Beta,beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase cleaves beta,beta-carotene into two molecules of retinal, and is the key enzyme in the metabolism of beta,beta-carotene to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	161-170	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	46-50
11237856-1	2001	Beta,beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase cleaves beta,beta-carotene into two molecules of retinal, and is the key enzyme in the metabolism of beta,beta-carotene to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	161-170	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	46-50
11237856-12	2001	These new findings demonstrate that beta,beta-carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase is also expressed in epithelial structures, where it serves to provide the tissue-specific vitamin A supply.	Vitamin A	165-174	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	36-73
11240140-2	2001	It has been suggested that the reduction in plasma retinol is secondary to reduced liver retinol binding protein (RBP) synthesis.	Vitamin A	51-58	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	89-112
11240140-2	2001	It has been suggested that the reduction in plasma retinol is secondary to reduced liver retinol binding protein (RBP) synthesis.	Vitamin A	51-58	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	114-117
11299074-0	2001	Influence of vitamin A status on the regulation of uridine (5"-)diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 and UGT1A6 expression by L-triiodothyronine.	Vitamin A	13-22	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	51-109
11289161-12	2001	Culture of the RC lines in IFN-alpha plus all-trans-RA, a combination therapy used clinically, resulted in higher intracellular levels of [3H]retinol and [3H]retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	142-149	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	27-36
11237937-0	2001	Retinol binding protein as a surrogate measure for serum retinol: studies in vitamin A-deficient children from the Republic of the Marshall Islands.	Vitamin A	77-86	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
11237937-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Serum retinol is transported by retinol binding protein (RBP), which has one high-affinity binding site for retinol; consequently, the molar ratio of retinol to RBP in the circulation is approximately 1 to 1.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	44-67
11237937-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Serum retinol is transported by retinol binding protein (RBP), which has one high-affinity binding site for retinol; consequently, the molar ratio of retinol to RBP in the circulation is approximately 1 to 1.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	69-72
11237937-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Serum retinol is transported by retinol binding protein (RBP), which has one high-affinity binding site for retinol; consequently, the molar ratio of retinol to RBP in the circulation is approximately 1 to 1.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	173-176
11237937-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Serum retinol is transported by retinol binding protein (RBP), which has one high-affinity binding site for retinol; consequently, the molar ratio of retinol to RBP in the circulation is approximately 1 to 1.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	69-72
11237937-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Serum retinol is transported by retinol binding protein (RBP), which has one high-affinity binding site for retinol; consequently, the molar ratio of retinol to RBP in the circulation is approximately 1 to 1.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	173-176
11237937-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Serum retinol is transported by retinol binding protein (RBP), which has one high-affinity binding site for retinol; consequently, the molar ratio of retinol to RBP in the circulation is approximately 1 to 1.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	69-72
11237937-1	2001	BACKGROUND: Serum retinol is transported by retinol binding protein (RBP), which has one high-affinity binding site for retinol; consequently, the molar ratio of retinol to RBP in the circulation is approximately 1 to 1.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	173-176
11237937-3	2001	However, the retinol-RBP relation has not been well studied in populations with a high incidence of severe VAD.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	21-24
11237937-5	2001	DESIGN: The stoichiometric relation between retinol and RBP was studied in 239 Marshallese children: 65 with severe VAD (< or = 0.35 micromol retinol/L), 94 with moderate VAD (0.36-0.70 micromol retinol/L), and 80 with vitamin A sufficiency (> 0.70 micromol retinol/L).	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	56-59
11237937-6	2001	RESULTS: Excellent correlation between retinol and RBP (r = 0.94) was observed across all retinol concentrations.	Vitamin A	39-46	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-54
11237937-6	2001	RESULTS: Excellent correlation between retinol and RBP (r = 0.94) was observed across all retinol concentrations.	Vitamin A	90-97	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-54
11299074-0	2001	Influence of vitamin A status on the regulation of uridine (5"-)diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1 and UGT1A6 expression by L-triiodothyronine.	Vitamin A	13-22	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	114-120
11299074-8	2001	In addition we observed that the specific effect of l-T3 on UGT1A1 and UGT1A6 was reduced in animals receiving a vitamin A-enriched diet and disappeared in those fed a vitamin A-free diet.	Vitamin A	113-122	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	60-66
11299074-8	2001	In addition we observed that the specific effect of l-T3 on UGT1A1 and UGT1A6 was reduced in animals receiving a vitamin A-enriched diet and disappeared in those fed a vitamin A-free diet.	Vitamin A	113-122	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	71-77
11299074-8	2001	In addition we observed that the specific effect of l-T3 on UGT1A1 and UGT1A6 was reduced in animals receiving a vitamin A-enriched diet and disappeared in those fed a vitamin A-free diet.	Vitamin A	168-177	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	60-66
11299074-8	2001	In addition we observed that the specific effect of l-T3 on UGT1A1 and UGT1A6 was reduced in animals receiving a vitamin A-enriched diet and disappeared in those fed a vitamin A-free diet.	Vitamin A	168-177	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	71-77
11181515-0	2001	Follicle-stimulating hormone and leukemia inhibitory factor regulate Sertoli cell retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	82-89	LIF, interleukin 6 family cytokine	Rattus norvegicus	33-59
11222649-6	2001	The regulation of KOR gene by vitamin A was substantiated in a mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 culture system in which retinoic acid (RA), the most potent ingredient of vitamin A, was able to suppress the expression of all the three KOR isoforms and KOR protein.	Vitamin A	167-176	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	18-21
11181515-3	2001	We have found that FSH, (Bu)(2)cAMP, and leukemia inhibitory factor elicit substantial changes in the metabolism of [(3)H]retinol (vitamin A) in primary cultures of purified rat Sertoli cells.	Vitamin A	131-140	LIF, interleukin 6 family cytokine	Rattus norvegicus	41-67
11238520-7	2001	A positive correlation was observed between circulating retinol levels and circulating IGFBP-3 levels; subset analysis by genotype showed that this relationship was only present among individuals carrying an A allele at -202 (AA > AC > CC).	Vitamin A	56-63	insulin like growth factor binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	87-94
11222649-2	2001	KOR-lacZ transgene expression was specifically elevated in KOR-positive areas of the developing CNS by depleting vitamin A from animal diets.	Vitamin A	113-122	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	0-3
11270680-11	2001	Retinol-binding-proteinuria developed at a higher rate with increasing HbA1c than microalbuminuria.	Vitamin A	0-7	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
11222649-2	2001	KOR-lacZ transgene expression was specifically elevated in KOR-positive areas of the developing CNS by depleting vitamin A from animal diets.	Vitamin A	113-122	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	59-62
11222649-3	2001	The endogenous KOR mRNA species, including all three isoforms, were also upregulated by depleting vitamin A in developing animals.	Vitamin A	98-107	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	15-18
11222649-6	2001	The regulation of KOR gene by vitamin A was substantiated in a mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 culture system in which retinoic acid (RA), the most potent ingredient of vitamin A, was able to suppress the expression of all the three KOR isoforms and KOR protein.	Vitamin A	30-39	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	18-21
11222649-6	2001	The regulation of KOR gene by vitamin A was substantiated in a mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 culture system in which retinoic acid (RA), the most potent ingredient of vitamin A, was able to suppress the expression of all the three KOR isoforms and KOR protein.	Vitamin A	30-39	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	231-234
11222649-6	2001	The regulation of KOR gene by vitamin A was substantiated in a mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 culture system in which retinoic acid (RA), the most potent ingredient of vitamin A, was able to suppress the expression of all the three KOR isoforms and KOR protein.	Vitamin A	30-39	opioid receptor, kappa 1	Mus musculus	231-234
11238746-7	2001	Retinoic acid receptors (RAR) in partnership with retinoid X receptor (RXR)alpha appear to be the important retinoid receptor transcription factors regulating vitamin A function at the gene level during development via the physiologic ligand all-trans-retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	159-168	retinoid X receptor alpha	Mus musculus	71-80
11360992-7	2001	Consistent with the 65% sequence identity with RoDH dehydrogenases, the enzyme oxidized all-trans-retinol with the Km value of 3.2 microM and Vmax value of 1.2 nmol/min per milligram microsomes.	Vitamin A	88-105	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 6	Homo sapiens	47-51
11301032-8	2001	These findings support a role for CRALBP as an acceptor of 11-cis-retinol in the isomerization reaction of the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	59-73	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Mus musculus	34-40
11162634-0	2001	Increase in expression of the homeobox gene, GBX1, in retinol-induced epidermal mucous metaplasia.	Vitamin A	54-61	gastrulation brain homeobox 1	Gallus gallus	45-49
11162634-2	2001	By in situ hybridization analysis we showed that the Gbx1 was expressed in the epidermis of the skin and the mucous epithelium of the intestine, and that among many homeobox genes isolated, expression of the Gbx1 strongly increased in the epidermis when the skin was cultured with 20 microM retinol, which induces epidermal mucous metaplasia.	Vitamin A	291-298	gastrulation brain homeobox 1	Gallus gallus	53-57
11162634-2	2001	By in situ hybridization analysis we showed that the Gbx1 was expressed in the epidermis of the skin and the mucous epithelium of the intestine, and that among many homeobox genes isolated, expression of the Gbx1 strongly increased in the epidermis when the skin was cultured with 20 microM retinol, which induces epidermal mucous metaplasia.	Vitamin A	291-298	gastrulation brain homeobox 1	Gallus gallus	208-212
11162634-3	2001	The Gbx1 expression in the epidermis was increased by interaction with the retinol-pretreated dermal fibroblasts, resulting in mucous metaplasia.	Vitamin A	75-82	gastrulation brain homeobox 1	Gallus gallus	4-8
11158606-0	2001	Analysis of the blind Drosophila mutant ninaB identifies the gene encoding the key enzyme for vitamin A formation invivo.	Vitamin A	94-103	neither inactivation nor afterpotential B	Drosophila melanogaster	40-45
11161734-3	2001	It was previously reported that IRBP can associate with 2 mol of all-trans-retinol or 2 mol of 11-cis-retinal per mol of protein.	Vitamin A	75-82	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	32-36
11169459-4	2001	Vitamin A-sufficient rats expressed RALDH1 in spermatocytes, with less intense expression in spermatogonia and spermatids, and expressed RALDH2 in interstitial cells, spermatogonia, and spermatocytes.	Vitamin A	0-9	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	36-42
11169459-4	2001	Vitamin A-sufficient rats expressed RALDH1 in spermatocytes, with less intense expression in spermatogonia and spermatids, and expressed RALDH2 in interstitial cells, spermatogonia, and spermatocytes.	Vitamin A	0-9	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2	Rattus norvegicus	137-143
11169459-9	2001	These results show that: RALDH1 and RALDH2 have distinct mRNA expression patterns in multiple cell types in three vitamin A target tissues; RALDH expression occurs in cell types that express cellular retinol-binding protein and retinol dehydrogenase isozymes (except stellate cells, for which retinol dehydrogenase expression remains unknown); vitamin A deficiency and RA supplementation affects the loci and intensity of RALDH mRNAs in testis; and low-dose RA does not substitute completely for retinol.	Vitamin A	114-123	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	25-31
11169459-9	2001	These results show that: RALDH1 and RALDH2 have distinct mRNA expression patterns in multiple cell types in three vitamin A target tissues; RALDH expression occurs in cell types that express cellular retinol-binding protein and retinol dehydrogenase isozymes (except stellate cells, for which retinol dehydrogenase expression remains unknown); vitamin A deficiency and RA supplementation affects the loci and intensity of RALDH mRNAs in testis; and low-dose RA does not substitute completely for retinol.	Vitamin A	114-123	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2	Rattus norvegicus	36-42
11169459-9	2001	These results show that: RALDH1 and RALDH2 have distinct mRNA expression patterns in multiple cell types in three vitamin A target tissues; RALDH expression occurs in cell types that express cellular retinol-binding protein and retinol dehydrogenase isozymes (except stellate cells, for which retinol dehydrogenase expression remains unknown); vitamin A deficiency and RA supplementation affects the loci and intensity of RALDH mRNAs in testis; and low-dose RA does not substitute completely for retinol.	Vitamin A	200-207	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	25-31
11169459-9	2001	These results show that: RALDH1 and RALDH2 have distinct mRNA expression patterns in multiple cell types in three vitamin A target tissues; RALDH expression occurs in cell types that express cellular retinol-binding protein and retinol dehydrogenase isozymes (except stellate cells, for which retinol dehydrogenase expression remains unknown); vitamin A deficiency and RA supplementation affects the loci and intensity of RALDH mRNAs in testis; and low-dose RA does not substitute completely for retinol.	Vitamin A	228-235	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	25-31
11158606-4	2001	To prove its identity with the key enzyme for vitamin A formation in vivo, we analyzed the blind Drosophila mutant ninaB.	Vitamin A	46-55	neither inactivation nor afterpotential B	Drosophila melanogaster	115-120
11036082-1	2001	Transthyretin (TTR) acts physiologically in the transport of retinol in the circulation.	Vitamin A	61-68	transthyretin	Mus musculus	15-18
11306066-5	2001	However, if the K(m) for ethanol were smaller, as for human ADH4, the rate of retinol oxidation and formation of retinoic acid would be significantly decreased during metabolism of 50 mM ethanol.	Vitamin A	78-85	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	60-64
11306068-6	2001	When adult mice were examined for production of retinoic acid following retinol administration, Adh1 knockout mice exhibited 10-fold lower retinoic acid levels in liver compared with wild-type, whereas Adh4 knockout mice differed from wild-type by less than 2-fold.	Vitamin A	72-79	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	96-100
11306068-7	2001	Thus, Adh1 plays a major role in the metabolism of a large dose of retinol to retinoic acid in adults, whereas Adh4 plays a role in maintaining sufficient retinol metabolism for development during retinol deficiency.	Vitamin A	67-74	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	6-10
11165018-3	2001	Interaction with cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), the major physiological form of retinol, led to the identification and cDNA cloning of RoDH1.	Vitamin A	26-33	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
11165018-12	2001	The ability of some these SDRs to access retinol bound with CRBP provides specificity in retinoid metabolism and allows retinoic acid biosynthesis and retinol esterification to continue, as CRBP protects retinol from the general cellular milieu.	Vitamin A	41-48	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
11165018-12	2001	The ability of some these SDRs to access retinol bound with CRBP provides specificity in retinoid metabolism and allows retinoic acid biosynthesis and retinol esterification to continue, as CRBP protects retinol from the general cellular milieu.	Vitamin A	41-48	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	190-194
11165018-12	2001	The ability of some these SDRs to access retinol bound with CRBP provides specificity in retinoid metabolism and allows retinoic acid biosynthesis and retinol esterification to continue, as CRBP protects retinol from the general cellular milieu.	Vitamin A	151-158	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
11165018-12	2001	The ability of some these SDRs to access retinol bound with CRBP provides specificity in retinoid metabolism and allows retinoic acid biosynthesis and retinol esterification to continue, as CRBP protects retinol from the general cellular milieu.	Vitamin A	151-158	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	190-194
11165018-12	2001	The ability of some these SDRs to access retinol bound with CRBP provides specificity in retinoid metabolism and allows retinoic acid biosynthesis and retinol esterification to continue, as CRBP protects retinol from the general cellular milieu.	Vitamin A	151-158	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
11165018-12	2001	The ability of some these SDRs to access retinol bound with CRBP provides specificity in retinoid metabolism and allows retinoic acid biosynthesis and retinol esterification to continue, as CRBP protects retinol from the general cellular milieu.	Vitamin A	151-158	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	190-194
11306060-5	2001	Although the true physiological substrates of this zinc metalloenzyme are unknown, alcohol dehydrogenase effectively catalyzes not only the interconversion of all-trans-retinol and all-trans-retinal but also the oxidation of all-trans-retinal to the corresponding retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	162-176	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	83-104
11306066-4	2001	Simulations of the oxidation of retinol to retinoic acid with mouse ADH4 and human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1), using rate constants estimated for all steps in the mechanism, suggest that ethanol (50 mM) would modestly decrease production of retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	32-39	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Mus musculus	68-72
11306066-4	2001	Simulations of the oxidation of retinol to retinoic acid with mouse ADH4 and human aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1), using rate constants estimated for all steps in the mechanism, suggest that ethanol (50 mM) would modestly decrease production of retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	32-39	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	107-112
11231005-1	2001	Lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) is a novel membrane bound enzyme that catalyzes the formation of retinyl esters from vitamin A and lecithin.	Vitamin A	126-135	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-33
11231005-1	2001	Lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) is a novel membrane bound enzyme that catalyzes the formation of retinyl esters from vitamin A and lecithin.	Vitamin A	126-135	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	35-39
11022035-1	2001	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (CRBP-I) and type II (CRBP-II) are the only members of the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) family that process intracellular retinol.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	42-48
11022035-1	2001	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (CRBP-I) and type II (CRBP-II) are the only members of the fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) family that process intracellular retinol.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	63-70
11036082-3	2001	TTR(-) mice have very low circulating levels of retinol and its specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	48-55	transthyretin	Mus musculus	0-3
11036082-3	2001	TTR(-) mice have very low circulating levels of retinol and its specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	117-120
11036082-4	2001	We have examined the biochemical basis for the low plasma retinol-RBP levels.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	66-69
11036082-7	2001	For the first 11 h after complete nephrectomy, the levels retinol and RBP rose in the circulations of WT and TTR(-) mice at nearly identical rates.	Vitamin A	58-65	transthyretin	Mus musculus	109-112
11036082-8	2001	However, human retinol-RBP injected intravenously was more rapidly cleared from the circulation (t(12) = 0.5 h for TTR(-) versus t(12) >6 h for WT) and accumulated faster in the kidneys of TTR(-) compared with WT mice.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	23-26
11036082-8	2001	However, human retinol-RBP injected intravenously was more rapidly cleared from the circulation (t(12) = 0.5 h for TTR(-) versus t(12) >6 h for WT) and accumulated faster in the kidneys of TTR(-) compared with WT mice.	Vitamin A	15-22	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	115-118
11036082-8	2001	However, human retinol-RBP injected intravenously was more rapidly cleared from the circulation (t(12) = 0.5 h for TTR(-) versus t(12) >6 h for WT) and accumulated faster in the kidneys of TTR(-) compared with WT mice.	Vitamin A	15-22	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	192-195
11036082-9	2001	The rate of infiltration of the retinol-RBP complex from the circulation to tissue interstitial fluids was identical in both strains.	Vitamin A	32-39	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	40-43
11036082-10	2001	Taken together, these data indicate that low circulating retinol-RBP levels in TTR(-) mice arise from increased renal filtration of the retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	57-64	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	65-68
11036082-10	2001	Taken together, these data indicate that low circulating retinol-RBP levels in TTR(-) mice arise from increased renal filtration of the retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	57-64	transthyretin	Mus musculus	79-82
11036082-10	2001	Taken together, these data indicate that low circulating retinol-RBP levels in TTR(-) mice arise from increased renal filtration of the retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	57-64	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	144-147
11036082-10	2001	Taken together, these data indicate that low circulating retinol-RBP levels in TTR(-) mice arise from increased renal filtration of the retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	136-143	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	65-68
11036082-10	2001	Taken together, these data indicate that low circulating retinol-RBP levels in TTR(-) mice arise from increased renal filtration of the retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	136-143	transthyretin	Mus musculus	79-82
11036082-10	2001	Taken together, these data indicate that low circulating retinol-RBP levels in TTR(-) mice arise from increased renal filtration of the retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	136-143	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	144-147
11392063-4	2001	On administration of CCl4 and CCl4-monensin, dolichol decreased independently of vitamin A load, while retinol increased, especially when a load of vitamin A was given to rats 3 days before sacrifice.	Vitamin A	81-90	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
11133659-3	2001	Three proteins involved in 1) serum transport of retinol (retinol binding protein [RBP]), 2) cellular transport and metabolism of retinol (cellular RBP [CRBP] I), and 3) retinoic acid (cellular retinoic acid binding protein [CRABP] I), respectively, have been located by immunohistochemistry during gestation in the porcine placenta.	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	58-81
11133659-3	2001	Three proteins involved in 1) serum transport of retinol (retinol binding protein [RBP]), 2) cellular transport and metabolism of retinol (cellular RBP [CRBP] I), and 3) retinoic acid (cellular retinoic acid binding protein [CRABP] I), respectively, have been located by immunohistochemistry during gestation in the porcine placenta.	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	83-91
11133659-3	2001	Three proteins involved in 1) serum transport of retinol (retinol binding protein [RBP]), 2) cellular transport and metabolism of retinol (cellular RBP [CRBP] I), and 3) retinoic acid (cellular retinoic acid binding protein [CRABP] I), respectively, have been located by immunohistochemistry during gestation in the porcine placenta.	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	83-86
11133659-3	2001	Three proteins involved in 1) serum transport of retinol (retinol binding protein [RBP]), 2) cellular transport and metabolism of retinol (cellular RBP [CRBP] I), and 3) retinoic acid (cellular retinoic acid binding protein [CRABP] I), respectively, have been located by immunohistochemistry during gestation in the porcine placenta.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	83-91
11133659-5	2001	Immunoreactive-RBP (ir-RBP) as well as CRBP I (ir-CRBP) was detected in uterine glands and in areolar trophoblasts, suggesting that RBP-retinol is secreted by the glands and absorbed by the trophoblasts.	Vitamin A	136-143	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	15-18
11259846-1	2001	Retinol pretreatment (75 mg/kg/day, 4 days) potentiated paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in BALB/c mice (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity; 2510+/-602 vs 1155+/-282 IU/l; retinol+paracetamol vs corn oil+paracetamol, respectively, P<0.05); however, this potentiation did not occur in the kidney, indicating an organ-specific response.	Vitamin A	0-7	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	107-131
11259846-1	2001	Retinol pretreatment (75 mg/kg/day, 4 days) potentiated paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in BALB/c mice (alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity; 2510+/-602 vs 1155+/-282 IU/l; retinol+paracetamol vs corn oil+paracetamol, respectively, P<0.05); however, this potentiation did not occur in the kidney, indicating an organ-specific response.	Vitamin A	0-7	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	133-136
11259846-6	2001	However, retinol significantly decreased both the catalytic activity (0.23+/-0.03 vs 0.53+/-0.06 nmol/mg/min; retinol vs untreated, respectively, P<0.05) and polypeptide levels (58+/-0.6% of control) of hepatic CYP3A.	Vitamin A	9-16	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 11	Mus musculus	214-219
11392063-4	2001	On administration of CCl4 and CCl4-monensin, dolichol decreased independently of vitamin A load, while retinol increased, especially when a load of vitamin A was given to rats 3 days before sacrifice.	Vitamin A	81-90	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
11392063-4	2001	On administration of CCl4 and CCl4-monensin, dolichol decreased independently of vitamin A load, while retinol increased, especially when a load of vitamin A was given to rats 3 days before sacrifice.	Vitamin A	103-110	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
11392063-4	2001	On administration of CCl4 and CCl4-monensin, dolichol decreased independently of vitamin A load, while retinol increased, especially when a load of vitamin A was given to rats 3 days before sacrifice.	Vitamin A	148-157	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
11392063-4	2001	On administration of CCl4 and CCl4-monensin, dolichol decreased independently of vitamin A load, while retinol increased, especially when a load of vitamin A was given to rats 3 days before sacrifice.	Vitamin A	148-157	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
11138002-0	2001	Vitamin A controls epithelial/mesenchymal interactions through Ret expression.	Vitamin A	0-9	ret proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	63-66
11173978-7	2001	ADH4 is solely extrahepatically expressed and is probably involved in first pass metabolism of ethanol beside its role in retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	122-129	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-4
11138002-9	2001	In the first part of the loop, vitamin-A-dependent signals secreted by stromal cells control Ret expression in the ureteric bud.	Vitamin A	31-40	ret proto-oncogene	Mus musculus	93-96
10982792-3	2000	In the present study we observed that TTR, the transporter of both T(4) and retinol-binding protein, binds to megalin, the multiligand receptor expressed on the luminal surface of various epithelia including the renal proximal tubules.	Vitamin A	76-83	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	38-41
11007799-6	2000	Evidence consistent with the possibility that ALDH12 could function in a pathway of 9-cis-retinoic acid biosynthesis in vivo includes biosynthesis of 9-cis-retinoic acid from 9-cis-retinol in cells co-transfected with cDNAs encoding ALDH12 and the 9-cis-retinol/androgen dehydrogenase, cis-retinoid/androgen dehydrogenase type 1.	Vitamin A	180-188	aldehyde dehydrogenase 8 family member A1	Homo sapiens	46-52
10982792-3	2000	In the present study we observed that TTR, the transporter of both T(4) and retinol-binding protein, binds to megalin, the multiligand receptor expressed on the luminal surface of various epithelia including the renal proximal tubules.	Vitamin A	76-83	LDL receptor related protein 2	Homo sapiens	110-117
10982792-6	2000	Radiolabeled TTR, free as well as in complex with thyroxine or retinol-binding protein, was rapidly taken up by the cells, and the uptake was strongly inhibited by a polyclonal megalin antibody and by the receptor-associated protein, a chaperone-like protein inhibiting ligand binding to megalin.	Vitamin A	63-70	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	13-16
10982792-6	2000	Radiolabeled TTR, free as well as in complex with thyroxine or retinol-binding protein, was rapidly taken up by the cells, and the uptake was strongly inhibited by a polyclonal megalin antibody and by the receptor-associated protein, a chaperone-like protein inhibiting ligand binding to megalin.	Vitamin A	63-70	LDL receptor related protein 2	Homo sapiens	177-184
11242473-1	2000	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBPII) is abundantly expressed in the small intestinal epithelial cells and plays a pivotal role in intestinal absorption and metabolism of retinol and beta-carotene.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	43-49
11141033-1	2000	BACKGROUND: Vitamin A has been suggested to regulate the expression of liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in humans.	Vitamin A	12-21	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	77-98
11141033-1	2000	BACKGROUND: Vitamin A has been suggested to regulate the expression of liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in humans.	Vitamin A	12-21	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	100-103
11080066-4	2000	Recombinant xTTR was synthesized in Pichia pastoris and identified by amino acid sequence, subunit molecular mass, tetramer formation, and binding to retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	150-157	transthyretin L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	12-16
11242475-6	2000	The present study investigating the vitamin D receptor function in gene expression in both cell culture and intact animals was undertaken to better understand the actions of the fat-soluble vitamin A and vitamin D at a molecular level.	Vitamin A	190-199	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	36-54
11108736-2	2000	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), present in microsomes, catalyzes the transfer of the sn-1 fatty acid of phosphatidylcholine to retinol bound to a cellular retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	9-16	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
11086144-8	2000	Uptake of [3H]all-trans-retinol into the ARPE-19 cells was followed by specific binding of radiolabeled retinoid to RGR.	Vitamin A	14-31	retinal G protein coupled receptor	Homo sapiens	116-119
11078493-3	2000	RESULTS: Prostate tumors in mice treated with 4-HPR contained high levels of 4-HPR and of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and reduced levels of retinol (ROH).	Vitamin A	141-148	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	48-51
11063445-8	2000	An elevated CRP concentration was 2.4-fold greater in females than in males aged 20-59 y. Serum retinol was lower in subjects with elevated CRP concentrations.	Vitamin A	96-103	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	12-15
11063445-8	2000	An elevated CRP concentration was 2.4-fold greater in females than in males aged 20-59 y. Serum retinol was lower in subjects with elevated CRP concentrations.	Vitamin A	96-103	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	140-143
11702613-10	2000	The main retinol-related change consisted of a 2- to 5-fold increase in the number of factor XIIIa+ dendrocytes both in the dermis and fibrous strands of the hypodermis.	Vitamin A	9-16	coagulation factor XIII A chain	Homo sapiens	86-98
11151452-2	2000	RALDH1 mRNA transcripts are present in the stomach and small intestine, and their expression is regulated by vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	109-118	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	0-6
11262622-7	2000	CONCLUSION: In the eye, IRBP can stabilise vitamin A and debatably may be responsible for transport of different forms of vitamin A between the photoreceptor cells and pigment epithelium.	Vitamin A	43-52	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	24-28
11262622-7	2000	CONCLUSION: In the eye, IRBP can stabilise vitamin A and debatably may be responsible for transport of different forms of vitamin A between the photoreceptor cells and pigment epithelium.	Vitamin A	122-131	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	24-28
11214351-6	2000	Women with elevated acute phase protein (AGP > 1 gm/L and/or CRP > 5 mg/L) at baseline who received vitamin A had significantly higher plasma and breast milk vitamin A at follow-up compared with placebo.	Vitamin A	106-115	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	64-67
11214351-6	2000	Women with elevated acute phase protein (AGP > 1 gm/L and/or CRP > 5 mg/L) at baseline who received vitamin A had significantly higher plasma and breast milk vitamin A at follow-up compared with placebo.	Vitamin A	164-173	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	64-67
11108736-2	2000	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), present in microsomes, catalyzes the transfer of the sn-1 fatty acid of phosphatidylcholine to retinol bound to a cellular retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	136-143	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
11108736-2	2000	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), present in microsomes, catalyzes the transfer of the sn-1 fatty acid of phosphatidylcholine to retinol bound to a cellular retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	136-143	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
11108736-5	2000	Expression of rat LRAT cDNA in HEK293T cells resulted in functional retinol esterification and storage.	Vitamin A	68-75	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
11108736-7	2000	However, LRAT mRNA was virtually absent from the liver of vitamin A-deficient animals, while being unaffected in intestine and testis.	Vitamin A	58-67	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
11108736-8	2000	LRAT mRNA was rapidly induced by retinoic acid (RA) in liver of vitamin A-deficient mice and rats (P < 0.01).	Vitamin A	64-73	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-4
11108736-9	2000	LRAT mRNA and enzymatic activity were well correlated in the same livers of rats treated with exogenous RA (r = 0.895, P < 0.0001), and in a dietary study that encompassed a broad range of vitamin A exposure (r = 0.799, P < 0.0001).	Vitamin A	192-201	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
11108736-10	2000	Liver total retinol of <100 nmol/g was associated with low LRAT expression (<33% of control).	Vitamin A	12-19	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
11108736-12	2000	The constitutive expression of liver LRAT during retinoid sufficiency would serve to divert retinol into storage pools, while the curtailment of LRAT expression in retinoid deficiency would maintain retinol for secretion and delivery to peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	92-99	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
11062150-0	2000	Esterification of all-trans-retinol in normal human epithelial cell strains and carcinoma lines from oral cavity, skin and breast: reduced expression of lecithin:retinol acyltransferase in carcinoma lines.	Vitamin A	18-35	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	153-185
11122886-1	2000	Retinoids are derivatives of vitamin A that include all- trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), 13-cis-retinoic acid, (13-cis-RA), and fenretinide (4-HPR).	Vitamin A	29-38	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	139-142
11120388-0	2000	Interaction of ethanol with retinol and retinoic acid in RAR beta and GAP-43 expression.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	57-65
11120388-0	2000	Interaction of ethanol with retinol and retinoic acid in RAR beta and GAP-43 expression.	Vitamin A	28-35	growth associated protein 43	Homo sapiens	70-76
11120388-2	2000	In LAN-5 neuroblastoma cells, retinol (10(-6) M) and retinoic acid (RA; 10(-5)-10(-6) M) increased RAR beta mRNA expression.	Vitamin A	30-37	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	99-107
11120388-6	2000	The mRNA expression of GAP-43, an important factor in neural development, increased with 10(-6) M retinol and 10(-5)-10(-9) M RA.	Vitamin A	98-105	growth associated protein 43	Homo sapiens	23-29
11027136-1	2000	Cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins I and II (CRABP-I and -II, respectively) are transport proteins for all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A (retinol), and have been reported to be directly involved in the metabolism of RA.	Vitamin A	173-180	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	50-65
11027136-1	2000	Cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins I and II (CRABP-I and -II, respectively) are transport proteins for all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A (retinol), and have been reported to be directly involved in the metabolism of RA.	Vitamin A	162-171	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	50-65
11058766-4	2000	In addition, alignment of the deduced amino acids determined that the probasin gene also contains the glycine-X-tryptophan (G-X-W) motif similar to that of human retinol serum binding protein which binds retinol, and the C-X-X-X-C motif also found in insect lipocalins that bind pheromones.	Vitamin A	162-169	probasin	Rattus norvegicus	70-78
11058766-4	2000	In addition, alignment of the deduced amino acids determined that the probasin gene also contains the glycine-X-tryptophan (G-X-W) motif similar to that of human retinol serum binding protein which binds retinol, and the C-X-X-X-C motif also found in insect lipocalins that bind pheromones.	Vitamin A	204-211	probasin	Rattus norvegicus	70-78
11012474-2	2000	AIM: To investigate serum retinol levels in patients with liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to assess its importance as a risk factor for the development of HCC.	Vitamin A	26-33	HCC	Homo sapiens	102-105
11012474-2	2000	AIM: To investigate serum retinol levels in patients with liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to assess its importance as a risk factor for the development of HCC.	Vitamin A	26-33	HCC	Homo sapiens	176-179
11012474-5	2000	in ng/mL, were 972.1 +/- 37.7 in the control group and 647 +/- 41.1 in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Serum retinol levels in patients with cirrhosis and HCC were lower than in patients with cirrhosis alone (365.8 +/- 43.1 vs. 438.9 +/- 22.1, P < 0.04).	Vitamin A	112-119	HCC	Homo sapiens	158-161
11012474-9	2000	Sixty percent of patients with Child-Pugh grade A cirrhosis/HCC had serum retinol levels below 350 ng/mL compared with only 18.4% of cirrhotics without HCC (chi 2-test, P=0.01).	Vitamin A	74-81	HCC	Homo sapiens	60-63
11012474-13	2000	Serum retinol levels may be a risk factor for the development of HCC.	Vitamin A	6-13	HCC	Homo sapiens	65-68
10871622-5	2000	The second redox reaction occurring in retinal pigment epithelium, oxidation of 11-cis-retinol, which is largely catalyzed by abundantly expressed 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase, is pro-S-specific to both 11-cis-retinol and NADH.	Vitamin A	80-94	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Homo sapiens	147-175
11014218-3	2000	Here, we report that two RA-synthesizing enzymes [aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Aldh1) and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2)] and a cytochrome P450 (Cyp26) that metabolizes vitamin A and RA into more polar metabolites exhibit dynamic expression patterns in the mouse uterus, both during the ovarian cycle and during early pregnancy.	Vitamin A	174-183	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	50-74
11014218-3	2000	Here, we report that two RA-synthesizing enzymes [aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Aldh1) and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2)] and a cytochrome P450 (Cyp26) that metabolizes vitamin A and RA into more polar metabolites exhibit dynamic expression patterns in the mouse uterus, both during the ovarian cycle and during early pregnancy.	Vitamin A	174-183	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	76-81
11014218-3	2000	Here, we report that two RA-synthesizing enzymes [aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Aldh1) and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2)] and a cytochrome P450 (Cyp26) that metabolizes vitamin A and RA into more polar metabolites exhibit dynamic expression patterns in the mouse uterus, both during the ovarian cycle and during early pregnancy.	Vitamin A	174-183	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	87-116
11014218-3	2000	Here, we report that two RA-synthesizing enzymes [aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Aldh1) and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2)] and a cytochrome P450 (Cyp26) that metabolizes vitamin A and RA into more polar metabolites exhibit dynamic expression patterns in the mouse uterus, both during the ovarian cycle and during early pregnancy.	Vitamin A	174-183	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	118-124
11014218-3	2000	Here, we report that two RA-synthesizing enzymes [aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (Aldh1) and retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (Raldh2)] and a cytochrome P450 (Cyp26) that metabolizes vitamin A and RA into more polar metabolites exhibit dynamic expression patterns in the mouse uterus, both during the ovarian cycle and during early pregnancy.	Vitamin A	174-183	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	150-155
11023996-0	2000	Regulation of CYP26 (cytochrome P450RAI) mRNA expression and retinoic acid metabolism by retinoids and dietary vitamin A in liver of mice and rats.	Vitamin A	111-120	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	14-19
11023996-0	2000	Regulation of CYP26 (cytochrome P450RAI) mRNA expression and retinoic acid metabolism by retinoids and dietary vitamin A in liver of mice and rats.	Vitamin A	111-120	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	21-39
11023996-4	2000	Here we report that CYP26 expression in adult liver is regulated by all-trans RA and dietary vitamin A, and is correlated with the metabolism of all-trans RA to polar metabolites.	Vitamin A	93-102	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-25
11023996-8	2000	In a model of chronic vitamin A ingestion during aging, CYP26 mRNA expression, determined by Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis, increased progressively with dietary vitamin A (P<0.0001; marginal < control < supplemented) and age (P<0.003).	Vitamin A	22-31	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
11023996-8	2000	In a model of chronic vitamin A ingestion during aging, CYP26 mRNA expression, determined by Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis, increased progressively with dietary vitamin A (P<0.0001; marginal < control < supplemented) and age (P<0.003).	Vitamin A	165-174	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
11023996-9	2000	The relative expression of CYP26 mRNA was positively correlated with liver total retinol (log10), ranging from undetectable CYP26 expression at liver retinol concentrations below approximately 20 nmol/g to a three- to fourfold elevation at concentrations >10,000 nmol/g (r=0.90, P<0.0001).	Vitamin A	81-88	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
11023996-9	2000	The relative expression of CYP26 mRNA was positively correlated with liver total retinol (log10), ranging from undetectable CYP26 expression at liver retinol concentrations below approximately 20 nmol/g to a three- to fourfold elevation at concentrations >10,000 nmol/g (r=0.90, P<0.0001).	Vitamin A	150-157	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
11023996-10	2000	We conclude that CYP26 expression and RA metabolism are regulated in adult liver not only acutely by RA administration, as may be relevant to retinoid therapy, but under chronic dietary conditions relevant to vitamin A nutrition in humans.	Vitamin A	209-218	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
10990489-0	2000	Expression of the type I diabetes-associated gene LRP5 in macrophages, vitamin A system cells, and the Islets of Langerhans suggests multiple potential roles in diabetes.	Vitamin A	71-80	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5	Mus musculus	50-54
10990489-3	2000	In all species, expression of LRP5 was found in four functionally important cell types: the distributed mononuclear phagocyte system, the islets of Langerhans, vitamin A-metabolizing cells, and CNS neurons.	Vitamin A	160-169	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5	Mus musculus	30-34
11234920-13	2000	In cancer patients undergoing surgery, the ratio of retinol to retinol-binding protein (RBP) remained fairly constant, although the concentrations of both retinol and RBP decreased to about one-half the preoperative values after surgery.	Vitamin A	63-70	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	88-91
10993914-3	2000	The conserved cysteine-rich domain of the NH(2)-terminal regulatory domains of cRaf-1, as well as several select domains of the mammalian protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms alpha, delta, zeta, and mu, the Drosophila and yeast PKCs, were found to bind retinol with nanomolar affinity.	Vitamin A	248-255	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	138-196
10993914-5	2000	Retinol served as a cofactor to augment the activation of both cRaf and PKC alpha by reactive oxygen, whereas the classical receptor-mediated pathway was unaffected by the presence or absence of retinol.	Vitamin A	0-7	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	63-67
10993914-5	2000	Retinol served as a cofactor to augment the activation of both cRaf and PKC alpha by reactive oxygen, whereas the classical receptor-mediated pathway was unaffected by the presence or absence of retinol.	Vitamin A	0-7	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	72-81
10993914-6	2000	We propose that bound retinol, owing to its electron transfer capacity, functions as a tag to enable the efficient and directed redox activation of the cRaf and PKC families of kinases.	Vitamin A	22-29	Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	152-156
10993914-6	2000	We propose that bound retinol, owing to its electron transfer capacity, functions as a tag to enable the efficient and directed redox activation of the cRaf and PKC families of kinases.	Vitamin A	22-29	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	161-164
10995272-7	2000	The beta-LG-CMCyD conjugate maintained retinol-binding activity as strong as that of beta-LG.	Vitamin A	39-46	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	4-11
11078016-5	2000	Preliminary evidence using recombinant-derived P19 and fluorescently tagged ligands suggests that it may transport a fatty acid or retinol-like molecule.	Vitamin A	131-138	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2D	Mus musculus	47-50
11017772-2	2000	TTR is also indirectly implicated in the carriage of vitamin A through the mediation of retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	53-62	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-3
11017772-2	2000	TTR is also indirectly implicated in the carriage of vitamin A through the mediation of retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	53-62	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	88-111
11017772-2	2000	TTR is also indirectly implicated in the carriage of vitamin A through the mediation of retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	53-62	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	113-116
10974645-0	2000	Opposite effects of feeding a vitamin A-deficient diet and retinoic acid treatment on brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), UCP2 and leptin expression.	Vitamin A	30-39	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	107-127
10974645-2	2000	Feeding a vitamin A-deficient diet tended to trigger opposite effects to those of tRA treatment, namely increased body weight, IBAT weight, adiposity and leptin mRNA expression, and reduced IBAT thermogenic potential in terms of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) mRNA and UCP2 mRNA expression.	Vitamin A	10-19	leptin	Mus musculus	154-160
10974645-2	2000	Feeding a vitamin A-deficient diet tended to trigger opposite effects to those of tRA treatment, namely increased body weight, IBAT weight, adiposity and leptin mRNA expression, and reduced IBAT thermogenic potential in terms of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) mRNA and UCP2 mRNA expression.	Vitamin A	10-19	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	229-249
10974645-2	2000	Feeding a vitamin A-deficient diet tended to trigger opposite effects to those of tRA treatment, namely increased body weight, IBAT weight, adiposity and leptin mRNA expression, and reduced IBAT thermogenic potential in terms of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) mRNA and UCP2 mRNA expression.	Vitamin A	10-19	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	251-255
10974645-2	2000	Feeding a vitamin A-deficient diet tended to trigger opposite effects to those of tRA treatment, namely increased body weight, IBAT weight, adiposity and leptin mRNA expression, and reduced IBAT thermogenic potential in terms of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) mRNA and UCP2 mRNA expression.	Vitamin A	10-19	uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	266-270
10969101-3	2000	To test the hypothesis that the vitamin A status is critical for the beneficial pulmonary response to dexamethasone, we performed a prospective cohort study in which we characterized the changes in plasma concentrations of vitamin A and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in response to dexamethasone, and correlated these changes with the pulmonary outcome.	Vitamin A	32-41	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	262-265
10989614-6	2000	Pyrylretinol (1) also quenches the BSA intrinsic fluorescence with the quenching rate constant of 1.67 x 10(13) M-1 s-1 and the value is lower than that obtained for retinol (4.06 x 10(13) M-1 s-1).	Vitamin A	5-12	tumor associated calcium signal transducer 2	Homo sapiens	112-119
10989614-6	2000	Pyrylretinol (1) also quenches the BSA intrinsic fluorescence with the quenching rate constant of 1.67 x 10(13) M-1 s-1 and the value is lower than that obtained for retinol (4.06 x 10(13) M-1 s-1).	Vitamin A	5-12	tumor associated calcium signal transducer 2	Homo sapiens	189-196
10979152-7	2000	As regards pregnancy-related infections, vitamin A supplementation can improve wound healing by decreasing fibrosis and increasing transforming growth factor-beta (TFG-beta).	Vitamin A	41-50	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	131-162
11153648-3	2000	A key enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of 11-cis-retinol is 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (11-cis-RDH), which is encoded by the RDH5 gene.	Vitamin A	41-55	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Homo sapiens	59-87
11153648-3	2000	A key enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of 11-cis-retinol is 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (11-cis-RDH), which is encoded by the RDH5 gene.	Vitamin A	41-55	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Homo sapiens	89-99
11153648-3	2000	A key enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of 11-cis-retinol is 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (11-cis-RDH), which is encoded by the RDH5 gene.	Vitamin A	41-55	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Homo sapiens	126-130
10906063-5	2000	A significant dose-dependent inhibition of uPA activity was observed after treatment with retinol, while no significant effect was detected upon tPA secretion.	Vitamin A	90-97	proline-rich acidic protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
10906063-6	2000	When Sertoli cells were cultured in the presence of 0.25 microM retinol, a significant inhibition of uPA activity was evident after 16 h of treatment and reached approximately 80% after 48 h of treatment.	Vitamin A	64-71	proline-rich acidic protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
10906063-7	2000	The analysis of the mRNA levels revealed that retinol induces an inhibition of the steady-state levels of uPA mRNA without affecting those of tPA.	Vitamin A	46-53	proline-rich acidic protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
10906063-8	2000	Moreover, retinol affected uPA mRNA levels by increasing mRNA turnover.	Vitamin A	10-17	proline-rich acidic protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
10955773-10	2000	Serum retinol levels decreased markedly (44% of placebo-treated patients) as a consequence of 4-HPR treatment.	Vitamin A	6-13	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	96-99
11032179-6	2000	Additionally, cellular retinol binding protein one (CRBPI) null lungs are more sensitive than wild type lungs to the pan-RAR antagonist-induced stimulation of branching.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
11055551-3	2000	Analysis of the tissue expression pattern of RBP mRNA in the female mouse indicated relatively abundant expression in the liver, with lesser amounts in extrahepatic tissues including adipose, kidney, spleen and uterus, suggesting that these tissues may have a significant role in retinol homeostasis.	Vitamin A	280-287	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	45-48
10946560-2	2000	These experimental data integrate into a model of CRBP as a chaperone that protects retinol from the cellular milieu and interacts with certain retinoid-metabolizing enzymes.	Vitamin A	84-91	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	50-54
10748087-5	2000	This was supported by photolabeling studies showing concentration- and UV-dependent photoincorporation of [(3)H]atRA into PKCalpha, which was effectively protected by 4-OH-atRA, 9-cis-RA, and atRA glucuronide, but not by retinol.	Vitamin A	221-228	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	122-130
10884357-0	2000	Binding of retinol induces changes in rat cellular retinol-binding protein II conformation and backbone dynamics.	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	42-77
10961169-6	2000	Maternal plasma retinol concentrations on day 20 and at birth were 50% and 30% lower in the VAF and VAM when compared to the VAS group.	Vitamin A	16-23	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
10876094-1	2000	Cis-retinol/androgen dehydrogenase type 2 (CRAD2) has been shown to catalyze the dehydrogenation of retinols, including 9-cis retinol, and also to exhibit 3alpha- and 17beta- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities.	Vitamin A	100-108	retinol dehydrogenase 7	Mus musculus	0-41
10874003-5	2000	Mutant mice deficient in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) accumulate retinyl palmitate, retinol and retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	87-94	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	25-50
10874003-5	2000	Mutant mice deficient in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) accumulate retinyl palmitate, retinol and retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	87-94	aryl-hydrocarbon receptor	Mus musculus	52-55
10880953-5	2000	Dehydrogenases catalyzing the reversible oxidation/reduction of retinol and retinal are members of either the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) or short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) enzyme families, whereas dehydrogenases catalyzing the oxidation of retinal to retinoic acid are members of the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family.	Vitamin A	64-71	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	319-323
10880050-1	2000	Vitamin A and retinoids affect pituitary-thyroid function through suppression of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and TSH-beta subunit gene expression.	Vitamin A	0-9	thyroid stimulating hormone, beta subunit	Mus musculus	132-140
10876094-1	2000	Cis-retinol/androgen dehydrogenase type 2 (CRAD2) has been shown to catalyze the dehydrogenation of retinols, including 9-cis retinol, and also to exhibit 3alpha- and 17beta- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities.	Vitamin A	100-108	retinol dehydrogenase 7	Mus musculus	43-48
10876094-1	2000	Cis-retinol/androgen dehydrogenase type 2 (CRAD2) has been shown to catalyze the dehydrogenation of retinols, including 9-cis retinol, and also to exhibit 3alpha- and 17beta- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities.	Vitamin A	100-108	dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 9	Mus musculus	155-203
10852718-5	2000	We also measured binding of FA to a retinoic acid (CRABP-I) and a retinol (CRBP-II) binding protein and we have extended to 19 different FA our characterization of the FA-ADIFAB and FA-rat intestinal FABP interactions.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
10828080-2	2000	Hepatocytes process postprandial retinyl esters and are responsible for secretion of retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) to maintain plasma retinol levels.	Vitamin A	85-92	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	102-125
10999486-0	2000	HINT predictive analysis of binding between retinol binding protein and hydrophobic ligands.	Vitamin A	44-51	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
10999486-1	2000	The interaction between the retinol binding protein and four ligands was evaluated using HINT, a software based on experimental LogP values of individual atoms.	Vitamin A	28-35	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	89-93
10999486-2	2000	A satisfactory correlation was found between the HINT scores and the experimental dissociation constants of three of the ligands, fenretinide, N-ethylretinamide and all-trans retinol, despite their hydrophobic nature.	Vitamin A	165-182	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
10837302-7	2000	The negative APPs RBP, transthyretin, and albumin were positively and significantly associated with retinol.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	18-21
10837302-10	2000	In a stepwise regression analysis, 73% of retinol"s variability was explained by RBP and transthyretin.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	81-84
10837302-11	2000	The model predicted that a 1-SD increase in RBP or transthyretin increases retinol by approximately 0.38 or 0.47 micromol/L, respectively, whereas an equivalent increase in AGP decreases retinol by 0.12 micromol/L.	Vitamin A	75-82	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	44-47
10837302-11	2000	The model predicted that a 1-SD increase in RBP or transthyretin increases retinol by approximately 0.38 or 0.47 micromol/L, respectively, whereas an equivalent increase in AGP decreases retinol by 0.12 micromol/L.	Vitamin A	187-194	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	44-47
10837302-12	2000	CONCLUSIONS: The RBP-transthyretin transport complex of retinol is not altered by inflammation.	Vitamin A	56-63	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	17-20
10828080-2	2000	Hepatocytes process postprandial retinyl esters and are responsible for secretion of retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) to maintain plasma retinol levels.	Vitamin A	85-92	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
10828080-2	2000	Hepatocytes process postprandial retinyl esters and are responsible for secretion of retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) to maintain plasma retinol levels.	Vitamin A	102-109	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
10828080-10	2000	Addition of retinol (10(-8)-10(-5) m) or all-trans-retinoic acid (10(-10)-10(-6) m) rapidly up-regulates CRBP expression.	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
10825191-17	2000	This retinoid is inapplicable to the visual processes, and we therefore speculate that it could be an important catabolic metabolite and its biosynthesis could be part of a process involved in regulating 11-cis-retinol concentrations within the retinal pigment epithelium of 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase knockout mice.	Vitamin A	204-218	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Mus musculus	275-303
10867750-0	2000	Is autism a G-alpha protein defect reversible with natural vitamin A?	Vitamin A	59-68	succinate-CoA ligase GDP/ADP-forming subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	12-19
10742573-5	2000	Glyceryl behenate SLN were loaded with vitamin A and the release profiles were studied.	Vitamin A	39-48	sarcolipin	Homo sapiens	18-21
12725064-0	2000	[Effects of vitamin A on Hox 3.5 gene expression in mouse embryo].	Vitamin A	12-21	homeobox C4	Mus musculus	25-32
12725064-8	2000	The results revealed that the contents of Hox 3.5 gene mRNA in the embryos of group A and C decreased significantly compared from group N and B, and that in group B had no difference from group N. The mRNA contents of group C were higher compared with group A, but still was lower than that of group N. It was concluded that vitamin A might influence the development of embryos by regulating the expression of homeobox gene.	Vitamin A	325-334	homeobox C4	Mus musculus	42-49
10742573-6	2000	Franz diffusion cells were used to assess the release kinetic over a period of 24 h. Within the first 6 h retinol SLN displayed controlled release.	Vitamin A	106-113	sarcolipin	Homo sapiens	114-117
10799297-1	2000	beta,beta-Carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase cleaves beta-carotene into two molecules of retinal and is therefore the key enzyme in beta-carotene metabolism to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	153-162	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	0-37
10799297-1	2000	beta,beta-Carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase cleaves beta-carotene into two molecules of retinal and is therefore the key enzyme in beta-carotene metabolism to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	153-162	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	0-4
10799297-1	2000	beta,beta-Carotene 15,15"-dioxygenase cleaves beta-carotene into two molecules of retinal and is therefore the key enzyme in beta-carotene metabolism to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	153-162	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Gallus gallus	5-9
10819989-1	2000	Lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is an essential enzyme in vitamin A metabolism and mobilization.	Vitamin A	66-75	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-32
10819989-1	2000	Lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is an essential enzyme in vitamin A metabolism and mobilization.	Vitamin A	66-75	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
10953676-0	2000	Use of the retinol-binding protein: transthyretin ratio for assessment of vitamin A status during the acute-phase response.	Vitamin A	74-83	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	11-34
10953676-1	2000	The ratio plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP):transthyretin (TTR) has been proposed as a means to improve the assessment of vitamin A status of individuals with concurrent infection or inflammation.	Vitamin A	125-134	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	17-40
10953676-1	2000	The ratio plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP):transthyretin (TTR) has been proposed as a means to improve the assessment of vitamin A status of individuals with concurrent infection or inflammation.	Vitamin A	125-134	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	42-45
10953676-1	2000	The ratio plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP):transthyretin (TTR) has been proposed as a means to improve the assessment of vitamin A status of individuals with concurrent infection or inflammation.	Vitamin A	125-134	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	62-65
10953676-6	2000	The RBP:TTR value was significantly decreased by both illness and low liver retinol stores.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	4-7
10953676-6	2000	The RBP:TTR value was significantly decreased by both illness and low liver retinol stores.	Vitamin A	76-83	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	8-11
10953676-7	2000	When the effects on RBP:TTR of illness and vitamin A stores were considered together for the 3-month follow-up samples, only vitamin A status significantly decreased the value.	Vitamin A	125-134	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	20-23
10953676-12	2000	Overall, although a trend supporting the theory behind the use of the RBP:TTR for assessment of vitamin A status in infection was observed in the current study, the ratio did not provide adequate sensitivity and specificity to be a useful assessment tool.	Vitamin A	96-105	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	70-73
10953676-12	2000	Overall, although a trend supporting the theory behind the use of the RBP:TTR for assessment of vitamin A status in infection was observed in the current study, the ratio did not provide adequate sensitivity and specificity to be a useful assessment tool.	Vitamin A	96-105	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	74-77
10681376-1	2000	Oxidative conversion of all-trans-retinol (t-ROH) to all-trans-retinal (t-RAL) is recognized as the rate-limiting step for biosynthesis of all-trans-retinoic acid from t-ROH in mammalian hepatic tissues.	Vitamin A	24-41	RAS like proto-oncogene A	Homo sapiens	74-77
10737902-1	2000	The effects of EGFR signaling on retinol metabolism were evaluated in the squamous cell carcinoma cell lines defective in LRAT.	Vitamin A	33-40	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	15-19
10737902-7	2000	Thus EGFR signaling can alter the intracellular concentration of retinol by suppressing the access to the retinyl ester pool.	Vitamin A	65-72	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	5-9
10801909-2	2000	We hypothesize that high vitamin A intake may decrease the production of T-helper type-1 (Th1) cytokines and thereby inhibit antiviral responses.	Vitamin A	25-34	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	73-93
10801930-2	2000	The objective of this study was to investigate whether age and/or VA status are factors for the hepatic expression of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), the esterification of retinol by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and the accumulation of VA and lipids in liver.	Vitamin A	127-134	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
10801930-2	2000	The objective of this study was to investigate whether age and/or VA status are factors for the hepatic expression of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), the esterification of retinol by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and the accumulation of VA and lipids in liver.	Vitamin A	66-68	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-150
10801930-2	2000	The objective of this study was to investigate whether age and/or VA status are factors for the hepatic expression of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), the esterification of retinol by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and the accumulation of VA and lipids in liver.	Vitamin A	66-68	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
10801930-8	2000	Hepatic LRAT activity was correlated (r = 0.633, P<0.0001) with plasma retinol at physiologic concentrations.	Vitamin A	74-81	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	8-12
10801930-11	2000	Thus, the capacity of the liver for retinol esterification by LRAT was not diminished by age or the accumulation of VA and other lipids.	Vitamin A	36-43	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
10802658-5	2000	The gene Rpe65 is specifically expressed in the PE and essential for the re-isomerization of all-trans retinol in the visual cycle and thus for the regeneration of rhodopsin after bleaching.	Vitamin A	103-110	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	9-14
10802658-5	2000	The gene Rpe65 is specifically expressed in the PE and essential for the re-isomerization of all-trans retinol in the visual cycle and thus for the regeneration of rhodopsin after bleaching.	Vitamin A	103-110	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	164-173
10939630-0	2000	Retinol-induced elevation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in cultured rat Sertoli cells is attenuated by free radical scavenger and by iron chelator.	Vitamin A	0-7	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-52
10939630-1	2000	We investigated retinol effects in ornithine decarboxylase activity in Sertoli cells.	Vitamin A	16-23	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-58
10939630-4	2000	We measured ornithine decarboxylase and catalase activities and malondialdehyde concentrations in response to retinol treatment.	Vitamin A	110-117	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-35
10939630-5	2000	In response to 7 microM retinol treatment ornithine decarboxylase activity increased 30%.	Vitamin A	24-31	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-65
10939630-6	2000	Retinol-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity was significantly decreased by addition of free radical scavenger (mannitol) or iron chelator (1,10 phenanthroline).	Vitamin A	0-7	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-39
10939630-8	2000	These results suggest that retinol treatment induced ornithine decarboxylase and catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde concentration.	Vitamin A	27-34	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-76
10939630-8	2000	These results suggest that retinol treatment induced ornithine decarboxylase and catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde concentration.	Vitamin A	27-34	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	81-89
10885491-1	2000	Plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations have been suggested as surrogate indicators for plasma retinol concentrations in the assessment of vitamin A status in less technologically developed settings.	Vitamin A	7-14	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
10885491-1	2000	Plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations have been suggested as surrogate indicators for plasma retinol concentrations in the assessment of vitamin A status in less technologically developed settings.	Vitamin A	151-160	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-30
10885491-3	2000	The Spearman correlation coefficient between plasma RBP and retinol concentrations was 0.95 (p<0.0001).	Vitamin A	60-67	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	52-55
10885491-4	2000	By linear regression, 0.70 micromol l(-1) retinol was equivalent to 21.1 mg l(-1) RBP.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	82-85
10885491-7	2000	Plasma RBP concentrations measured by radial immunodiffusion are highly correlated with plasma retinol and can be used as a simple surrogate measure for vitamin A concentrations in large field studies.	Vitamin A	95-102	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	7-10
10885491-7	2000	Plasma RBP concentrations measured by radial immunodiffusion are highly correlated with plasma retinol and can be used as a simple surrogate measure for vitamin A concentrations in large field studies.	Vitamin A	153-162	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	7-10
10753524-6	2000	At these stages, we detected mRNA coding for all the retinoid receptors, retinoid binding proteins, and two enzymes able to convert retinol to retinal (retinol dehydrogenase 5 (RDH5) and alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4)).	Vitamin A	132-139	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Mus musculus	152-175
10753524-6	2000	At these stages, we detected mRNA coding for all the retinoid receptors, retinoid binding proteins, and two enzymes able to convert retinol to retinal (retinol dehydrogenase 5 (RDH5) and alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (ADH4)).	Vitamin A	132-139	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Mus musculus	177-181
10753906-7	2000	Taken together, these data indicate that prRDH is the enzyme responsible for the reduction of all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol within the photoreceptor outer segment.	Vitamin A	119-132	retinol dehydrogenase 8	Homo sapiens	41-46
10739682-1	2000	The murine retinol dehydrogenase RDH4 oxidizes several cis-isomers of retinol into their corresponding aldehydes.	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Mus musculus	33-37
10739682-6	2000	The results suggest that RDH4 may have a dual and tissue-specific role in oxidation of 9-cis- and 11-cis-isomers of retinol into 9-cis-retinal and 11-cis-retinal, respectively.	Vitamin A	116-123	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Mus musculus	25-29
10756180-1	2000	PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of mutations on the retinol binding capability of human Repeat 1 of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP).	Vitamin A	82-89	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	175-179
10756180-4	2000	We analyzed the effects of point substitutions on the retinol and fatty acid binding properties of Repeat 1 of human IRBP at 25 and 50 degrees C. METHODS: To find residues critical to retinol binding that might affect function, a series of thirteen mutations were created by site-specific mutagenesis between positions 140 and 280 in Repeat 1 of human IRBP.	Vitamin A	184-191	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	117-121
10756180-10	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Several IRBP mutants containing point mutations retained native structure but lost retinol binding function.	Vitamin A	96-103	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	21-25
10756180-13	2000	This excludes three previously proposed IRBP-retinol binding mechanisms: (1) retinol binds to a small portion of the protein repeat, (2) retinol can bind to any hydrophobic patch in the protein, and (3) native conformation is not required for retinol binding to the repeat.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	40-44
10756181-21	2000	Thus, it is possible that position 239, found in Domain B2 of IRBP Repeat 1, is located in or near one of two retinol binding sites.	Vitamin A	110-117	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	62-66
10827345-2	2000	In this study with rats we tested two hypotheses regarding vitamin A deficiency: (1) that it impairs erythropoiesis, leading to an increased red cell turnover, and (2) that it inhibits the glycosylation of transferrin.	Vitamin A	59-68	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	206-217
10702174-3	2000	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation with iron, zinc, or both on vitamin A and its metabolically related proteins retinol binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin.	Vitamin A	116-125	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	165-188
10702174-3	2000	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation with iron, zinc, or both on vitamin A and its metabolically related proteins retinol binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin.	Vitamin A	116-125	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	190-193
10771516-4	2000	These RARbeta isoforms display a specific pattern of expression in developing and adult animals and are highly evolutionarily conserved suggesting that they mediate distinct cellular effects of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	194-203	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Mus musculus	6-13
10736346-4	2000	The effects of various buffers, detergents, antioxidants and chelators were evaluated to establish the most effective approach to elute the retinol: retinol binding protein (holo-RBP) complex from the blood collection cards.	Vitamin A	140-147	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	179-182
10736346-4	2000	The effects of various buffers, detergents, antioxidants and chelators were evaluated to establish the most effective approach to elute the retinol: retinol binding protein (holo-RBP) complex from the blood collection cards.	Vitamin A	149-156	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	179-182
10736346-6	2000	The holo-RBP complex was denatured by the addition of ethanol containing additional antioxidants permitting the extraction of free retinol into hexane.	Vitamin A	131-138	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	9-12
10725366-2	2000	This protein is related to cellular retinol-binding protein type I (CRBP I) but has 3,4-didehydroretinol, rather than retinol, as a ligand.	Vitamin A	36-43	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	68-74
10725366-2	2000	This protein is related to cellular retinol-binding protein type I (CRBP I) but has 3,4-didehydroretinol, rather than retinol, as a ligand.	Vitamin A	97-104	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	68-74
10716965-2	2000	The cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) binds vitamin A with high affinity and is postulated to regulate its uptake and metabolism.	Vitamin A	50-59	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
10716965-11	2000	CONCLUSION: CRBP is underexpressed in 24% (95% confidence interval = 12.5%-36.5%) of human breast carcinomas, implying a link between cellular vitamin A homeostasis and breast cancer.	Vitamin A	143-152	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
10716965-12	2000	We hypothesize that the loss of CRBP restricts the effects of endogenous vitamin A on breast epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	73-82	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
10692003-9	2000	(iii) Vitamin A supplementation in patients with low vitamin A levels resulted in increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and decreased tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) levels, as found in both plasma and monocyte supernatants, possibly favouring anti-inflammatory net effects.	Vitamin A	6-15	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	92-106
10692003-9	2000	(iii) Vitamin A supplementation in patients with low vitamin A levels resulted in increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and decreased tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) levels, as found in both plasma and monocyte supernatants, possibly favouring anti-inflammatory net effects.	Vitamin A	6-15	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	108-113
10692003-9	2000	(iii) Vitamin A supplementation in patients with low vitamin A levels resulted in increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and decreased tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) levels, as found in both plasma and monocyte supernatants, possibly favouring anti-inflammatory net effects.	Vitamin A	6-15	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	159-167
10692003-9	2000	(iii) Vitamin A supplementation in patients with low vitamin A levels resulted in increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and decreased tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) levels, as found in both plasma and monocyte supernatants, possibly favouring anti-inflammatory net effects.	Vitamin A	53-62	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	92-106
10692003-9	2000	(iii) Vitamin A supplementation in patients with low vitamin A levels resulted in increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and decreased tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) levels, as found in both plasma and monocyte supernatants, possibly favouring anti-inflammatory net effects.	Vitamin A	53-62	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	108-113
10692003-9	2000	(iii) Vitamin A supplementation in patients with low vitamin A levels resulted in increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) and decreased tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) levels, as found in both plasma and monocyte supernatants, possibly favouring anti-inflammatory net effects.	Vitamin A	53-62	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	159-167
10692003-10	2000	(iv) Vitamin A supplementation in vivo also enhanced anti-CD40-stimulated IgG production, serum IgA levels and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) proliferation.	Vitamin A	5-14	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	96-99
10648269-0	2000	Effect of vitamin A status at the end of term pregnancy on the saturation of retinol binding protein with retinol.	Vitamin A	10-19	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	77-100
10648269-1	2000	BACKGROUND: Vitamin A (retinol), which is required for normal fetal development and successful gestation, circulates in the blood bound to a specific protein, the retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	12-21	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	163-186
10648269-1	2000	BACKGROUND: Vitamin A (retinol), which is required for normal fetal development and successful gestation, circulates in the blood bound to a specific protein, the retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	12-21	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	188-191
10648269-1	2000	BACKGROUND: Vitamin A (retinol), which is required for normal fetal development and successful gestation, circulates in the blood bound to a specific protein, the retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	163-186
10648269-1	2000	BACKGROUND: Vitamin A (retinol), which is required for normal fetal development and successful gestation, circulates in the blood bound to a specific protein, the retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	188-191
10648269-7	2000	However, they had less binding of retinol to RBP (holo-RBP: 49.9% in pregnant women, 54.0% in cord blood, and 77.5% in the control group).	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	45-48
10650953-11	2000	In summary, PGD-S is a putative Sertoli cell product whose expression is regulated by progesterone, metabolites of vitamin A, and T3.	Vitamin A	115-124	prostaglandin D2 synthase	Homo sapiens	12-17
10655150-1	2000	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) greatly enhances the conversion of all- trans -retinol to 11- cis -retinal by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and facilitates 11- cis -retinal release from the RPE.	Vitamin A	86-105	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	0-43
10655150-1	2000	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) greatly enhances the conversion of all- trans -retinol to 11- cis -retinal by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and facilitates 11- cis -retinal release from the RPE.	Vitamin A	86-105	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	45-49
10655150-3	2000	Using a model system of purified bovine IRBP and isolated bovine RPE membranes, we investigated the possibility that IRBP may favor the delivery of all- trans -retinol to, or the release of 11- cis -retinal from, RPE membranes.	Vitamin A	148-167	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	117-121
10655150-11	2000	IRBP was also markedly superior to RBP and BSA in removing all- trans -retinol from RPE membranes.	Vitamin A	59-78	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	0-4
10655150-11	2000	IRBP was also markedly superior to RBP and BSA in removing all- trans -retinol from RPE membranes.	Vitamin A	59-78	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	1-4
10655150-11	2000	IRBP was also markedly superior to RBP and BSA in removing all- trans -retinol from RPE membranes.	Vitamin A	59-78	albumin	Bos taurus	43-46
10655150-12	2000	In addition, IRBP efficiently delivered bound all- trans -retinol to membranes; however, in contrast to their differential removal of retinoids, all three binding proteins delivered comparable amounts of retinol to membranes.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	13-17
10655150-14	2000	We conclude that, whereas IRBP shares with other retinoid-binding proteins the ability to deliver retinol to membranes, IRBP is unique in its capacity to remove 11- cis -retinal from membranes.	Vitamin A	98-105	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	26-30
10655150-15	2000	This may be the feature of IRBP that drives the vitamin A cycle to efficiently produce 11- cis -retinal.	Vitamin A	48-57	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	27-31
10720170-6	2000	Seasonal differences were evident for most of the indicators of micronutrient status, and elevated C-reactive protein levels (indicative of recent infection) were related to lower hemoglobin, retinol and zinc concentrations but higher ferritin and erythrocyte riboflavin concentrations.	Vitamin A	192-199	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	99-117
10900552-7	2000	By using retinyl acetate-d8 as the vitamin A reference, the retinol-d4 formed from 6 mg of beta-C-d8 (11.2 mumol) was calculated to be equivalent to 1.6 mg of retinol (i.e., 3.8 mg of beta-C was equivalent to 1 mg of retinol).	Vitamin A	60-67	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	91-97
10900552-7	2000	By using retinyl acetate-d8 as the vitamin A reference, the retinol-d4 formed from 6 mg of beta-C-d8 (11.2 mumol) was calculated to be equivalent to 1.6 mg of retinol (i.e., 3.8 mg of beta-C was equivalent to 1 mg of retinol).	Vitamin A	159-166	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	91-97
10900552-8	2000	However, the retinol-d4 formed from 126 mg of beta-C-d8 (235 mumol) was equivalent to 2.3 mg of retinol (i.e., 55 mg beta-C was equivalent to 1 mg retinol).	Vitamin A	13-20	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	46-52
10673856-4	2000	Retinol, an alcohol with high molecular weight, is a natural ligand of nuclear RXR (retinoid-X-receptor), which plays an important role in the regulation of peroxisoma synthesis.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	79-82
10673856-4	2000	Retinol, an alcohol with high molecular weight, is a natural ligand of nuclear RXR (retinoid-X-receptor), which plays an important role in the regulation of peroxisoma synthesis.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	84-103
10615070-5	2000	Concomitant with squamous transformation, there was an increase in SPR1 expression in HTBE, HBE1, and HBE1-C that was reversible by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	132-141	psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 2	Homo sapiens	67-71
10615070-5	2000	Concomitant with squamous transformation, there was an increase in SPR1 expression in HTBE, HBE1, and HBE1-C that was reversible by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	132-141	hemoglobin subunit epsilon 1	Homo sapiens	92-96
10615070-5	2000	Concomitant with squamous transformation, there was an increase in SPR1 expression in HTBE, HBE1, and HBE1-C that was reversible by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	132-141	hemoglobin subunit epsilon 1	Homo sapiens	102-106
11193750-1	2000	Uteroglobin, a steroid-inducible, cytokine-like, secreted protein with immunomodulatory properties, has been reported to bind progesterone, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and retinol.	Vitamin A	177-184	secretoglobin family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
11193750-8	2000	Our results suggest that at least one of the physiological functions of UG is to bind to hydrophobic ligands, such as progesterone and retinol.	Vitamin A	135-142	ciliogenesis and planar polarity effector complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	72-74
11237167-3	2000	The effects of active form of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA), are believed to be mediated by specific nuclear receptor proteins [retinoic acid receptor (RAR)] which are members of the steroid and thyroid/retinoid receptor superfamily of ligand dependent transcriptional regulators, RARalpha, RARgamma, RXRalpha, and RXRbeta mRNA were abundant in adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipose cells.	Vitamin A	30-39	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	152-155
11237167-3	2000	The effects of active form of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA), are believed to be mediated by specific nuclear receptor proteins [retinoic acid receptor (RAR)] which are members of the steroid and thyroid/retinoid receptor superfamily of ligand dependent transcriptional regulators, RARalpha, RARgamma, RXRalpha, and RXRbeta mRNA were abundant in adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipose cells.	Vitamin A	30-39	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	281-289
11237167-3	2000	The effects of active form of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA), are believed to be mediated by specific nuclear receptor proteins [retinoic acid receptor (RAR)] which are members of the steroid and thyroid/retinoid receptor superfamily of ligand dependent transcriptional regulators, RARalpha, RARgamma, RXRalpha, and RXRbeta mRNA were abundant in adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipose cells.	Vitamin A	30-39	retinoic acid receptor, gamma	Mus musculus	291-299
11237167-3	2000	The effects of active form of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA), are believed to be mediated by specific nuclear receptor proteins [retinoic acid receptor (RAR)] which are members of the steroid and thyroid/retinoid receptor superfamily of ligand dependent transcriptional regulators, RARalpha, RARgamma, RXRalpha, and RXRbeta mRNA were abundant in adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipose cells.	Vitamin A	30-39	retinoid X receptor alpha	Mus musculus	301-309
11237167-3	2000	The effects of active form of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA), are believed to be mediated by specific nuclear receptor proteins [retinoic acid receptor (RAR)] which are members of the steroid and thyroid/retinoid receptor superfamily of ligand dependent transcriptional regulators, RARalpha, RARgamma, RXRalpha, and RXRbeta mRNA were abundant in adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipose cells.	Vitamin A	30-39	retinoid X receptor beta	Mus musculus	315-322
10634605-8	2000	rMuc5AC mRNA was detected in the goblet cells of vitamin A- deficient rats by in situ hybridization at 13 weeks, but was lost by 20 weeks, as were identifiable goblet cells.	Vitamin A	49-58	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
10634605-10	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Both the membrane-spanning mucin ASGP (rMuc4) and the secretory mucin rMuc5AC are directly or indirectly regulated by vitamin A in the ocular surface epithelium, whereas the membrane-spanning mucin rMuc1 is not.	Vitamin A	131-140	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
10634605-10	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Both the membrane-spanning mucin ASGP (rMuc4) and the secretory mucin rMuc5AC are directly or indirectly regulated by vitamin A in the ocular surface epithelium, whereas the membrane-spanning mucin rMuc1 is not.	Vitamin A	131-140	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
10634605-10	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Both the membrane-spanning mucin ASGP (rMuc4) and the secretory mucin rMuc5AC are directly or indirectly regulated by vitamin A in the ocular surface epithelium, whereas the membrane-spanning mucin rMuc1 is not.	Vitamin A	131-140	mucin 4, cell surface associated	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
10634605-10	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Both the membrane-spanning mucin ASGP (rMuc4) and the secretory mucin rMuc5AC are directly or indirectly regulated by vitamin A in the ocular surface epithelium, whereas the membrane-spanning mucin rMuc1 is not.	Vitamin A	131-140	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-82
10634605-10	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Both the membrane-spanning mucin ASGP (rMuc4) and the secretory mucin rMuc5AC are directly or indirectly regulated by vitamin A in the ocular surface epithelium, whereas the membrane-spanning mucin rMuc1 is not.	Vitamin A	131-140	mucin 5AC, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Rattus norvegicus	83-90
10634605-10	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Both the membrane-spanning mucin ASGP (rMuc4) and the secretory mucin rMuc5AC are directly or indirectly regulated by vitamin A in the ocular surface epithelium, whereas the membrane-spanning mucin rMuc1 is not.	Vitamin A	131-140	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-82
10634605-10	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Both the membrane-spanning mucin ASGP (rMuc4) and the secretory mucin rMuc5AC are directly or indirectly regulated by vitamin A in the ocular surface epithelium, whereas the membrane-spanning mucin rMuc1 is not.	Vitamin A	131-140	mucin 1, cell surface associated	Rattus norvegicus	211-216
10762018-3	2000	Evaluation of drug and retinol concentrations by HPLC assay has been performed for all the samples to obtain 4-HPR pharmacokinetic information as well as information on the effect of 4-HPR in lowering retinol plasma levels.	Vitamin A	201-208	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	185-188
27414051-2	2000	We examined, in mouse brain, the impact of vitamin A status on the level of retinoic acid nuclear receptor (RAR and RXR) expression and on one of their responsive genes, that of the tissue transglutaminase (tTG).	Vitamin A	43-52	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	108-111
27414051-3	2000	Weanling male C57B1/6 mice fed a vitamin A deficient diet developed a vitamin A deficiency which was characterized, after 26 weeks, by the depletion of serum retinol, liver retinol and retinyl palmitate, and by the decreased activity of liver tTG.	Vitamin A	33-42	transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide	Mus musculus	243-246
27414051-4	2000	After 27 weeks of the diet, the vitamin A depleted mice exhibited a significantly lower amount of brain RAR beta and RXR beta/gamma mRNA relative to control mice.	Vitamin A	32-41	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Mus musculus	104-112
27414051-4	2000	After 27 weeks of the diet, the vitamin A depleted mice exhibited a significantly lower amount of brain RAR beta and RXR beta/gamma mRNA relative to control mice.	Vitamin A	32-41	retinoid X receptor beta	Mus musculus	117-125
10996607-2	2000	By comparison of the results in the presence or absence of 70 microM NADPH and those for bovine or human rhodopsin, a single comprehensive scheme was fit to all the data, including reduction of retinal to retinol by the intrinsic retinol dehydrogenase.	Vitamin A	205-212	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	105-114
10996607-2	2000	By comparison of the results in the presence or absence of 70 microM NADPH and those for bovine or human rhodopsin, a single comprehensive scheme was fit to all the data, including reduction of retinal to retinol by the intrinsic retinol dehydrogenase.	Vitamin A	205-212	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	230-251
10654176-8	1999	CONCLUSIONS: The presence of mRNA for CRALBP, RPE63, and 11cisRDH suggests that IPE cells may be able to metabolize retinol.	Vitamin A	116-123	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Bos taurus	38-44
10606240-6	1999	There was a gradual decrease in the vitamin A content of the prostates of the 4-HPR-treated group as compared with the control, such that by the end of the study period, the CON+4HPR group averaged 0.166 +/- 0.0827 (mean +/- SD) REs, whereas the CON group was 0.732 +/- 0.190 REs.	Vitamin A	36-45	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	80-83
10588954-5	1999	Human and mouse cRDH display similar substrate specificities for cis-isomers of retinol and retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	80-87	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Mus musculus	16-20
10568706-7	1999	Additionally, CYP2E1 immunoreactive protein was 78% lower in vehicle + CCl4 vs. retinol + CCl4 treatment groups.	Vitamin A	80-87	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	14-20
10737226-2	1999	In this study, we observed the developmental changes and villus-crypt distribution of the activities of two retinol esterifying enzymes (lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT); and acyl-CoA-retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) in chick duodenum) to seek the possibility that these enzymes play distinct roles in retinol absorption and metabolism.	Vitamin A	108-115	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	137-169
10737226-2	1999	In this study, we observed the developmental changes and villus-crypt distribution of the activities of two retinol esterifying enzymes (lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT); and acyl-CoA-retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) in chick duodenum) to seek the possibility that these enzymes play distinct roles in retinol absorption and metabolism.	Vitamin A	108-115	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	171-175
10737226-2	1999	In this study, we observed the developmental changes and villus-crypt distribution of the activities of two retinol esterifying enzymes (lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT); and acyl-CoA-retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) in chick duodenum) to seek the possibility that these enzymes play distinct roles in retinol absorption and metabolism.	Vitamin A	146-153	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	171-175
10551861-4	1999	In certain forms of FAP, the amyloid fibrils are mostly constituted by variants of transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric plasma protein implicated in the transport of thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	181-188	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	83-96
10551861-4	1999	In certain forms of FAP, the amyloid fibrils are mostly constituted by variants of transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric plasma protein implicated in the transport of thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	181-188	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	98-101
10557354-0	1999	Removal of LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) results in increased vitamin A (retinol) metabolism to 4-oxoretinol in embryonic stem cells.	Vitamin A	65-74	leukemia inhibitory factor	Mus musculus	11-14
10557354-0	1999	Removal of LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) results in increased vitamin A (retinol) metabolism to 4-oxoretinol in embryonic stem cells.	Vitamin A	65-74	leukemia inhibitory factor	Mus musculus	16-42
10557354-0	1999	Removal of LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) results in increased vitamin A (retinol) metabolism to 4-oxoretinol in embryonic stem cells.	Vitamin A	76-83	leukemia inhibitory factor	Mus musculus	11-14
10557354-0	1999	Removal of LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor) results in increased vitamin A (retinol) metabolism to 4-oxoretinol in embryonic stem cells.	Vitamin A	76-83	leukemia inhibitory factor	Mus musculus	16-42
10557354-3	1999	After LIF removal, ES cells metabolize exogenously added retinol to 4-hydroxyretinol and 4-oxoretinol and concomitantly differentiate.	Vitamin A	57-64	leukemia inhibitory factor	Mus musculus	6-9
10557354-6	1999	The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP26 (retinoic acid hydroxylase) is responsible for the metabolism of retinol to 4-oxoretinol, and CYP26 mRNA is greatly induced (>15-fold) after LIF removal.	Vitamin A	98-105	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	27-32
10557354-6	1999	The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP26 (retinoic acid hydroxylase) is responsible for the metabolism of retinol to 4-oxoretinol, and CYP26 mRNA is greatly induced (>15-fold) after LIF removal.	Vitamin A	98-105	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	34-59
10557354-8	1999	The strong correlation between the production of polar metabolites of retinol and the differentiation of ES cells upon removal of LIF suggests that one important action of LIF in these cells is to prevent retinol metabolism to biologically active, polar metabolites such as 4-oxoretinol.	Vitamin A	70-77	leukemia inhibitory factor	Mus musculus	172-175
10557354-8	1999	The strong correlation between the production of polar metabolites of retinol and the differentiation of ES cells upon removal of LIF suggests that one important action of LIF in these cells is to prevent retinol metabolism to biologically active, polar metabolites such as 4-oxoretinol.	Vitamin A	205-212	leukemia inhibitory factor	Mus musculus	172-175
10568706-0	1999	Role of cytochrome P4502E1 in retinol"s attenuation of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in the Swiss Webster mouse.	Vitamin A	30-37	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	8-26
10568706-1	1999	In the mouse, retinol administration attenuates carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury.	Vitamin A	14-21	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	70-74
10568706-4	1999	Hepatotoxicity produced by CCl4 was assessed by plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and light microscopy (ALT activity of 1391+/-430 vs. 274+/-92 IU/L for vehicle + CCl4 and retinol + CCl4 treatments respectively, p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	185-192	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	27-31
10568706-5	1999	Retinol"s attenuation of liver injury was maintained when CCl4 was administered 48 h after the conclusion of the retinol pretreatment.	Vitamin A	0-7	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	58-62
10568706-5	1999	Retinol"s attenuation of liver injury was maintained when CCl4 was administered 48 h after the conclusion of the retinol pretreatment.	Vitamin A	113-120	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	58-62
10521261-4	1999	The C(19) methyl group may be involved in the substrate activation, whereas the C(20) methyl group causes steric hindrance with a proton in position C(10) of 11-cis-retinol; thus, removal of this group could accelerate isomerization.	Vitamin A	158-172	homeobox C10	Homo sapiens	149-154
10457350-2	1999	In the present report, we show that the MMH-D3 line isolated from the liver of a 3-day-old mouse is a useful model to investigate the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of retinol-binding protein (RBP) by retinol (vitamin A alcohol).	Vitamin A	179-186	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	204-207
10457350-2	1999	In the present report, we show that the MMH-D3 line isolated from the liver of a 3-day-old mouse is a useful model to investigate the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of retinol-binding protein (RBP) by retinol (vitamin A alcohol).	Vitamin A	221-238	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	179-202
10457350-2	1999	In the present report, we show that the MMH-D3 line isolated from the liver of a 3-day-old mouse is a useful model to investigate the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of retinol-binding protein (RBP) by retinol (vitamin A alcohol).	Vitamin A	221-238	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	204-207
10527670-7	1999	The protein RPE65 is implicated in the metabolism of vitamin A, the precursor of the photoexcitable retinal pigment (rhodopsin).	Vitamin A	53-62	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	12-17
10527670-7	1999	The protein RPE65 is implicated in the metabolism of vitamin A, the precursor of the photoexcitable retinal pigment (rhodopsin).	Vitamin A	53-62	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	117-126
10572559-17	1999	Based on experimental studies, the vitamin A analogue 4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide (4-HPR) was shown to delay and reduce carcinogen-induced breast cancer.	Vitamin A	35-44	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	84-87
10487743-0	1999	Cellular retinol-binding protein I is essential for vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	52-61	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	0-34
10487743-1	1999	The gene encoding cellular retinol (ROL, vitA)-binding protein type I (CRBPI) has been inactivated.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	71-76
10487743-5	1999	This reduction is due to a decreased synthesis and a 6-fold faster turnover, which are not related to changes in the levels of RE metabolizing enzymes, but probably reflect an impaired delivery of ROL to lecithin:retinol acyltransferase.	Vitamin A	197-200	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	204-236
10491623-1	1999	Retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP), among the major secretory products of the uterine endometrium in the uterine fluid of pigs, are assumed to be of importance for early embryonic development.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Sus scrofa	37-40
10568706-8	1999	Attenuation of potentiated hepatotoxicity was also observed when CYP2E1 was induced by acetone (ALT activity of 3119+/-1066 vs. 247+/-77 IU/L for vehicle and retinol treatments respectively, p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	158-165	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	65-71
10568706-10	1999	However, in combination with CCl4 retinol does reduce the amount of CCl4 bioactivated to its toxic metabolite.	Vitamin A	34-41	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	29-33
10568706-10	1999	However, in combination with CCl4 retinol does reduce the amount of CCl4 bioactivated to its toxic metabolite.	Vitamin A	34-41	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	68-72
10568706-11	1999	We conclude that retinol attenuates CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by causing a decrease in CCl4 bioactivation but does not cause a decrease in CYP2E1 expression.	Vitamin A	17-24	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	36-40
10568706-11	1999	We conclude that retinol attenuates CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by causing a decrease in CCl4 bioactivation but does not cause a decrease in CYP2E1 expression.	Vitamin A	17-24	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	89-93
10424757-1	1999	The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene family encodes enzymes that metabolize a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol, retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products.	Vitamin A	125-132	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	4-25
10469643-8	1999	Given a vitamin A-sufficient diet, the RBP(-/-) mice acquire normal vision by 5 months of age even though blood retinol levels remain low.	Vitamin A	112-119	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	39-42
10469643-11	1999	The RBP(-/-) mice can acquire hepatic retinol stores, but these cannot be mobilized.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	4-7
10469643-13	1999	Unlike wild-type mice, serum retinol levels in adult RBP(-/-) animals become undetectable after only a week on a vitamin A-deficient diet and their retinal function rapidly deteriorates.	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	53-56
10469643-14	1999	Thus RBP is needed for normal vision in young animals and for retinol mobilization in times of insufficient dietary intake, but is otherwise dispensable for the delivery of retinol to tissues.	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	5-8
10536643-2	1999	Because plasma retinol was decreased in rats subjected to DR, it was thought that this dietary manipulation may have an effect on retinol-binding protein (RBP) metabolism.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	130-153
10536643-2	1999	Because plasma retinol was decreased in rats subjected to DR, it was thought that this dietary manipulation may have an effect on retinol-binding protein (RBP) metabolism.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
10536643-6	1999	Adult and old DR and DR+ rats exhibited significantly lower plasma RBP-retinol and higher total retinoic acid levels than corresponding controls, although these parameters were not influenced by aging.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
10536643-9	1999	Hepatic gene expression of RBP and TTR, as evaluated by Northern blot hybridization, did not change with age or diet, suggesting that the lower levels of plasma RBP-retinol and liver RBP in vitamin A-sufficient rats subjected to DR may reflect post-transcriptional alterations and/or accelerated degradation of hepatic RBP.	Vitamin A	165-172	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
10536643-9	1999	Hepatic gene expression of RBP and TTR, as evaluated by Northern blot hybridization, did not change with age or diet, suggesting that the lower levels of plasma RBP-retinol and liver RBP in vitamin A-sufficient rats subjected to DR may reflect post-transcriptional alterations and/or accelerated degradation of hepatic RBP.	Vitamin A	165-172	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
10536643-9	1999	Hepatic gene expression of RBP and TTR, as evaluated by Northern blot hybridization, did not change with age or diet, suggesting that the lower levels of plasma RBP-retinol and liver RBP in vitamin A-sufficient rats subjected to DR may reflect post-transcriptional alterations and/or accelerated degradation of hepatic RBP.	Vitamin A	165-172	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
10460195-0	1999	Vitamin A-sensitive tissues in transgenic mice expressing high levels of human cellular retinol-binding protein type I are not altered phenotypically.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	79-118
10460195-1	1999	The suggested function of cellular retinol-binding protein type I [CRBP(I)] is to carry retinol to esterifying or oxidizing enzymes.	Vitamin A	35-42	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	67-74
10460195-3	1999	Thus, high expression of human CRBP(I) [hCRBP(I)] in transgenic mice might be expected to increase the production of retinoic acid in tissues, thereby inducing a phenotype resembling vitamin A toxicity.	Vitamin A	183-192	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	31-38
10460195-3	1999	Thus, high expression of human CRBP(I) [hCRBP(I)] in transgenic mice might be expected to increase the production of retinoic acid in tissues, thereby inducing a phenotype resembling vitamin A toxicity.	Vitamin A	183-192	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	40-48
10460195-4	1999	Alternatively, a vitamin A-deficient phenotype could also be envisioned as a result of an increased accumulation of vitamin A in storage cells induced by a high hCRBP(I) level.	Vitamin A	17-26	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	161-169
10469643-0	1999	Impaired retinal function and vitamin A availability in mice lacking retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	30-39	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	69-92
10469643-1	1999	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the sole specific transport protein for retinol (vitamin A) in the circulation, and its single known function is to deliver retinol to tissues.	Vitamin A	73-80	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-23
10469643-1	1999	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the sole specific transport protein for retinol (vitamin A) in the circulation, and its single known function is to deliver retinol to tissues.	Vitamin A	73-80	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	25-28
10469643-1	1999	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the sole specific transport protein for retinol (vitamin A) in the circulation, and its single known function is to deliver retinol to tissues.	Vitamin A	82-91	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-23
10469643-1	1999	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the sole specific transport protein for retinol (vitamin A) in the circulation, and its single known function is to deliver retinol to tissues.	Vitamin A	82-91	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	25-28
10469643-1	1999	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the sole specific transport protein for retinol (vitamin A) in the circulation, and its single known function is to deliver retinol to tissues.	Vitamin A	157-164	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-23
10469643-1	1999	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the sole specific transport protein for retinol (vitamin A) in the circulation, and its single known function is to deliver retinol to tissues.	Vitamin A	157-164	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	25-28
10469643-8	1999	Given a vitamin A-sufficient diet, the RBP(-/-) mice acquire normal vision by 5 months of age even though blood retinol levels remain low.	Vitamin A	8-17	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	39-42
10424757-1	1999	The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene family encodes enzymes that metabolize a wide variety of substrates, including ethanol, retinol, other aliphatic alcohols, hydroxysteroids, and lipid peroxidation products.	Vitamin A	125-132	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	27-30
10407146-4	1999	The crystal structures of human ADH1B and ADH4 provide the opportunity to examine their active sites for potential binding to many diverse retinol structures using molecular docking algorithms.	Vitamin A	139-146	alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide	Homo sapiens	32-37
10645030-3	1999	OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of erythropoietin treatment during long-term 15 months study on serum vitamin A levels and its protein carriers, prealbumin and retinol-binding protein, on erythrocyte vitamin B1, B2 and B6 and folic acid and on serum or plasma vitamins B12, C and E levels in hemodialyzed patients.	Vitamin A	136-145	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	69-83
10645030-11	1999	RESULTS: Long-term erythropoietin treatment led in the 12th month to a significant decrease of serum vitamin A and its protein carriers which were significantly increased in both groups of patients during the whole study.	Vitamin A	101-110	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	19-33
10413596-4	1999	In HepG2 cells the (3)H-ROH from the [(3)H]retinol-RBP complex ((3)H-ROH-RBP) is recycled bound to RBP into serum-free chase medium.	Vitamin A	43-50	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-54
10413596-4	1999	In HepG2 cells the (3)H-ROH from the [(3)H]retinol-RBP complex ((3)H-ROH-RBP) is recycled bound to RBP into serum-free chase medium.	Vitamin A	43-50	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	73-76
10413596-4	1999	In HepG2 cells the (3)H-ROH from the [(3)H]retinol-RBP complex ((3)H-ROH-RBP) is recycled bound to RBP into serum-free chase medium.	Vitamin A	43-50	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	73-76
10413596-6	1999	These data suggest that at least part of retinol taken up from exogenous holoRBP is delivered to newly synthesized RBP.	Vitamin A	41-48	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	77-80
10413596-9	1999	We conclude that RBP is endocytosed through a specific pathway and that the RBP-associated retinol is transferred to newly synthesized RBP or to serum albumin.	Vitamin A	91-98	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	17-20
10413596-9	1999	We conclude that RBP is endocytosed through a specific pathway and that the RBP-associated retinol is transferred to newly synthesized RBP or to serum albumin.	Vitamin A	91-98	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	76-79
10413596-9	1999	We conclude that RBP is endocytosed through a specific pathway and that the RBP-associated retinol is transferred to newly synthesized RBP or to serum albumin.	Vitamin A	91-98	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	76-79
10451022-8	1999	Retinal AANAT mRNA rhythm disappeared in vitamin A-deficient quails.	Vitamin A	41-50	serotonin N-acetyltransferase	Coturnix japonica	8-13
10405320-0	1999	Retinol, a probe of conformational changes in protein disulfide isomerase.	Vitamin A	0-7	prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	46-73
10405320-1	1999	Nanosecond and steady fluorescence techniques have been employed to study the interaction of retinol with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI).	Vitamin A	93-100	prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	106-133
10405320-1	1999	Nanosecond and steady fluorescence techniques have been employed to study the interaction of retinol with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI).	Vitamin A	93-100	prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	135-138
10405320-2	1999	Retinol binds tightly to PDI; and the rotational correlation time (θ = 36 ns) corresponds to a monomeric subunit of 55 kDa.	Vitamin A	0-7	prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta	Homo sapiens	25-28
10407146-4	1999	The crystal structures of human ADH1B and ADH4 provide the opportunity to examine their active sites for potential binding to many diverse retinol structures using molecular docking algorithms.	Vitamin A	139-146	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	42-46
10407146-7	1999	By these criteria, all-trans-retinol, 4-oxo-retinol, and 4-hydroxy-retinol were successfully docked to both ADH1B and ADH4.	Vitamin A	19-36	alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide	Homo sapiens	108-113
10407146-7	1999	By these criteria, all-trans-retinol, 4-oxo-retinol, and 4-hydroxy-retinol were successfully docked to both ADH1B and ADH4.	Vitamin A	19-36	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	118-122
10407146-9	1999	Furthermore, docking of all retinols was more favorable in the active site of ADH4 rather than ADH1B as measured by force field and contact scores.	Vitamin A	28-36	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	78-82
10407146-10	1999	These findings suggest that ADH1B has a limited capacity to metabolize retinols, but that ADH4 is well suited to function in the metabolism of many diverse retinols and is predicted to participate in the synthesis of the active ligands all-trans-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, 3, 4-didehydroretinoic acid, 4-oxo-retinoic acid, and 4-hydroxy-retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	71-79	alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide	Homo sapiens	28-33
10407146-10	1999	These findings suggest that ADH1B has a limited capacity to metabolize retinols, but that ADH4 is well suited to function in the metabolism of many diverse retinols and is predicted to participate in the synthesis of the active ligands all-trans-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, 3, 4-didehydroretinoic acid, 4-oxo-retinoic acid, and 4-hydroxy-retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	156-164	alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide	Homo sapiens	28-33
10407146-10	1999	These findings suggest that ADH1B has a limited capacity to metabolize retinols, but that ADH4 is well suited to function in the metabolism of many diverse retinols and is predicted to participate in the synthesis of the active ligands all-trans-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid, 3, 4-didehydroretinoic acid, 4-oxo-retinoic acid, and 4-hydroxy-retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	156-164	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	90-94
10419811-2	1999	At both stages, messenger RNA for the serum transport vehicle for retinol, retinol-binding protein (RBP), was detected only in decidual cells of the basal plate.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	75-98
10385596-7	1999	The decrease in surfactant phospholipids and DSPC correlated linearly with plasma retinol, and reached about 50% in fetuses with the lowest retinol concentrations; it was accompanied by reduced expression of the gene for fatty acid synthase, a key enzyme in the synthetic pathway for surfactant-phospholipid lipid precursors.	Vitamin A	140-147	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	221-240
10419811-2	1999	At both stages, messenger RNA for the serum transport vehicle for retinol, retinol-binding protein (RBP), was detected only in decidual cells of the basal plate.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	100-103
10419811-7	1999	These results may suggest that maternal RBP-retinol is transferred across the chorionic villi to the fetal/villous circulation and that villous absorption of the complex is mediated via a placental RBP-receptor.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	40-43
10419811-7	1999	These results may suggest that maternal RBP-retinol is transferred across the chorionic villi to the fetal/villous circulation and that villous absorption of the complex is mediated via a placental RBP-receptor.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	198-201
10419811-8	1999	Moreover, binding and possibly also metabolism of retinol may occur in the CRBP I positive villous stromal cells and decidual cells of the basal plate.	Vitamin A	50-57	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	75-81
10419811-9	1999	In the latter, release of placental RBP-retinol may also be anticipated.	Vitamin A	40-47	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	36-39
10358022-1	1999	Overlapping roles of Adh1 and Adh4 in ethanol clearance and metabolism of retinol to retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	74-81	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	21-25
10410947-2	1999	Retinol (tR 2.02+/-0.04 min) and retinyl acetate were detected fluorometrically, and were baseline-resolved in 4 min.	Vitamin A	0-7	nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	9-13
10092641-1	1999	Cellular retinol-binding proteins types I and II (CRBP-I and CRBP-II) are known to differentially facilitate retinoid metabolism by several membrane-associated enzymes.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	50-56
10358022-2	1999	Targeting of mouse alcohol dehydrogenase genes Adh1, Adh3, and Adh4 resulted in null mutant mice that all developed and reproduced apparently normally but differed markedly in clearance of ethanol and formaldehyde plus metabolism of retinol to the signaling molecule retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	233-240	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	47-51
10358022-2	1999	Targeting of mouse alcohol dehydrogenase genes Adh1, Adh3, and Adh4 resulted in null mutant mice that all developed and reproduced apparently normally but differed markedly in clearance of ethanol and formaldehyde plus metabolism of retinol to the signaling molecule retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	233-240	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	53-57
10358022-7	1999	Retinoic acid production following retinol administration was reduced 4.8-fold in Adh1 -/- mice and 8.5-fold in Adh4 -/- mice.	Vitamin A	35-42	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	82-86
10358022-8	1999	Thus, Adh1 and Adh4 demonstrate overlapping functions in ethanol and retinol metabolism in vivo, whereas Adh3 plays no role with these substrates but instead functions in formaldehyde metabolism.	Vitamin A	69-76	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	6-10
10328957-5	1999	Retinol supplementation induces a higher synthesis of fibronectin and laminin, whereas it does not change collagen IV synthesis and secretion.	Vitamin A	0-7	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	54-65
10328957-6	1999	The secretion of the other two molecules is differentially regulated by retinol; in fact fibronectin secretion is increased, whereas laminin secretion is reduced.	Vitamin A	72-79	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	89-100
10218988-15	1999	Retinoic acid stimulated TGFbeta3 mRNA expression within 24 h and increased expression of TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta2 after 72 h. Retinol increased expression of TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta2 but not TGFbeta3 after 72 h of treatment.	Vitamin A	124-131	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	90-98
10218988-15	1999	Retinoic acid stimulated TGFbeta3 mRNA expression within 24 h and increased expression of TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta2 after 72 h. Retinol increased expression of TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta2 but not TGFbeta3 after 72 h of treatment.	Vitamin A	124-131	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	156-164
10218988-15	1999	Retinoic acid stimulated TGFbeta3 mRNA expression within 24 h and increased expression of TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta2 after 72 h. Retinol increased expression of TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta2 but not TGFbeta3 after 72 h of treatment.	Vitamin A	124-131	transforming growth factor beta 2	Homo sapiens	169-177
10218988-15	1999	Retinoic acid stimulated TGFbeta3 mRNA expression within 24 h and increased expression of TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta2 after 72 h. Retinol increased expression of TGFbeta1 and TGFbeta2 but not TGFbeta3 after 72 h of treatment.	Vitamin A	124-131	transforming growth factor beta 3	Homo sapiens	186-194
10224151-0	1999	Dietary vitamin A supplementation in rats: suppression of leptin and induction of UCP1 mRNA.	Vitamin A	8-17	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	58-64
10224151-0	1999	Dietary vitamin A supplementation in rats: suppression of leptin and induction of UCP1 mRNA.	Vitamin A	8-17	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
10224151-1	1999	All-trans-retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, induces the gene expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and suppresses leptin gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) when given as an acute dose.	Vitamin A	54-63	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-116
10224151-1	1999	All-trans-retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, induces the gene expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and suppresses leptin gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) when given as an acute dose.	Vitamin A	54-63	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
10224151-1	1999	All-trans-retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, induces the gene expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and suppresses leptin gene expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) when given as an acute dose.	Vitamin A	54-63	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	169-175
10224151-5	1999	Dietary vitamin A supplementation increased UCP1 gene expression in BAT by 31%, but suppressed leptin gene expression by 44% and serum leptin levels by 65%.	Vitamin A	8-17	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
10224151-5	1999	Dietary vitamin A supplementation increased UCP1 gene expression in BAT by 31%, but suppressed leptin gene expression by 44% and serum leptin levels by 65%.	Vitamin A	8-17	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	95-101
10224151-5	1999	Dietary vitamin A supplementation increased UCP1 gene expression in BAT by 31%, but suppressed leptin gene expression by 44% and serum leptin levels by 65%.	Vitamin A	8-17	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	135-141
10224151-7	1999	These data suggest that dietary vitamin A has a role in regulating energy homeostasis by enhancing UCP1 gene expression and decreasing serum leptin levels.	Vitamin A	32-41	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
10224151-7	1999	These data suggest that dietary vitamin A has a role in regulating energy homeostasis by enhancing UCP1 gene expression and decreasing serum leptin levels.	Vitamin A	32-41	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	141-147
10222382-0	1999	Vitamin A prevents the decline in immunoglobulin A and Th2 cytokine levels in small intestinal mucosa of protein-malnourished mice.	Vitamin A	0-9	CD79A antigen (immunoglobulin-associated alpha)	Mus musculus	34-50
10222382-0	1999	Vitamin A prevents the decline in immunoglobulin A and Th2 cytokine levels in small intestinal mucosa of protein-malnourished mice.	Vitamin A	0-9	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	55-58
10222382-10	1999	These results suggest that large oral supplements of vitamin A may preserve mucosal IgA level during protein malnutrition, possibly by stimulating Th2 cytokine production and thereby, inducing resistance against infection.	Vitamin A	53-62	CD79A antigen (immunoglobulin-associated alpha)	Mus musculus	84-87
10222382-10	1999	These results suggest that large oral supplements of vitamin A may preserve mucosal IgA level during protein malnutrition, possibly by stimulating Th2 cytokine production and thereby, inducing resistance against infection.	Vitamin A	53-62	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	147-150
10329026-6	1999	Several retinol dehydrogenase (RDH) enzymes, members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) gene superfamily, catalyze the first and rate-limiting step that generates retinaldehyde from retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (holo-CRBP).	Vitamin A	8-15	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	31-34
10329026-6	1999	Several retinol dehydrogenase (RDH) enzymes, members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) gene superfamily, catalyze the first and rate-limiting step that generates retinaldehyde from retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (holo-CRBP).	Vitamin A	8-15	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	252-256
10329026-10	1999	It encodes a protein that, using NAD+ as a preferred cofactor, utilizes free and CRBP-bound all-trans-retinol and steroids as substrates.	Vitamin A	92-109	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	81-85
10466190-2	1999	Plasma retinol is tightly controlled, probably by regulation of retinol-binding protein (RBP) formation in the liver, and only hormonal factors (e.g. oral contraceptives) and infection will alter the homeostasis.	Vitamin A	7-14	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	64-87
10466190-2	1999	Plasma retinol is tightly controlled, probably by regulation of retinol-binding protein (RBP) formation in the liver, and only hormonal factors (e.g. oral contraceptives) and infection will alter the homeostasis.	Vitamin A	7-14	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	89-92
10466190-3	1999	Delivery of retinol to the tissues is facilitated by the RBP-retinol complex; however, there is evidence that this mechanism can be bypassed when very high doses of vitamin A are given.	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	57-60
10466190-3	1999	Delivery of retinol to the tissues is facilitated by the RBP-retinol complex; however, there is evidence that this mechanism can be bypassed when very high doses of vitamin A are given.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	57-60
10466190-3	1999	Delivery of retinol to the tissues is facilitated by the RBP-retinol complex; however, there is evidence that this mechanism can be bypassed when very high doses of vitamin A are given.	Vitamin A	165-174	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	57-60
10466190-6	1999	Evidence is presented to suggest that the plasma retinol: RBP may be a guide to optimal vitamin A status, since values less than one frequently occur in less-developed countries and during infection.	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	58-61
10466190-6	1999	Evidence is presented to suggest that the plasma retinol: RBP may be a guide to optimal vitamin A status, since values less than one frequently occur in less-developed countries and during infection.	Vitamin A	88-97	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	58-61
10209249-2	1999	Immunohistochemistry was used to localise the cellular retinoid binding-proteins for retinol (CRBP I) and retinoic acid (CRABP I) in the embryonic and adult olfactory system.	Vitamin A	85-92	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	94-100
10421060-4	1999	Similarly, the concentrations of cellular retinol-binding protein and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRBPI and CRABPII, respectively) were 10-30 times lower in HaCaT cells than in HEK corresponding to a reduced mRNA expression of these proteins.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	110-115
10462172-2	1999	Our previous studies suggested that retinol esterification activity, particularly lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) activity, in liver retinoid metabolism is important to elucidate the relationship between retinol uptake by HSC and the esterification of retinol.	Vitamin A	36-43	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	82-114
10462172-2	1999	Our previous studies suggested that retinol esterification activity, particularly lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) activity, in liver retinoid metabolism is important to elucidate the relationship between retinol uptake by HSC and the esterification of retinol.	Vitamin A	36-43	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	116-120
10462172-2	1999	Our previous studies suggested that retinol esterification activity, particularly lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) activity, in liver retinoid metabolism is important to elucidate the relationship between retinol uptake by HSC and the esterification of retinol.	Vitamin A	91-98	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	116-120
10462172-2	1999	Our previous studies suggested that retinol esterification activity, particularly lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) activity, in liver retinoid metabolism is important to elucidate the relationship between retinol uptake by HSC and the esterification of retinol.	Vitamin A	91-98	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	116-120
10462172-4	1999	Further, since progesterone or diphospho-lauroyl-phosphatidylcholine increased retinol esterification activity of LI90 cells, it is likely that LRAT contributes to retinol esterification in LI90.	Vitamin A	79-86	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	144-148
10462172-4	1999	Further, since progesterone or diphospho-lauroyl-phosphatidylcholine increased retinol esterification activity of LI90 cells, it is likely that LRAT contributes to retinol esterification in LI90.	Vitamin A	164-171	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	144-148
10375433-3	1999	Retinol protected PUFA"s in ROS liposome PL"s, whereas retinaldehyde promoted lipid peroxidation.	Vitamin A	0-7	PUFA	Bos taurus	18-22
10375433-4	1999	When isolated ROS were stimulated to produce endogenous retinol, PUFA loss was inhibited by up to 17%.	Vitamin A	56-63	PUFA	Bos taurus	65-69
10411240-5	1999	RESULTS: Treatment with beta-carotene, alpha-carotene and lutein promoted UCP1 expression in a dose-dependent manner, with an effectiveness that was related to their potency as vitamin A precursors.	Vitamin A	177-186	uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	74-78
10356091-4	1999	At the end of 5.5 wk, plasma retinol concentrations of the ID3 and FR rats were reduced >40% compared to ID15 and AD rats [Kruskal-Wallis test (K-W), P < 0.0042)].	Vitamin A	29-36	inhibitor of DNA binding 3, HLH protein	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
10356091-6	1999	Concentrations of hepatic retinyl esters and retinol did not differ among the other groups, but the molar ratio of hepatic retinyl esters to retinol was greater in ID3 rats (20.1 +/- 1.4) compared to ID15 rats (13.8 +/- 1.6, P = 0.02), AD (11.3 +/- 2.1, P < 0.0042) and FR (9.5 +/- 1.1, P < 0.0042).	Vitamin A	141-148	inhibitor of DNA binding 3, HLH protein	Rattus norvegicus	164-167
15539309-3	1999	The results in the present study demonstrate that J774 macrophages efficiently take up chylomicron remnant retinyl esters and retinol-binding protein (retinol-RBP) bound retinol by specific and saturable mechanisms.	Vitamin A	126-133	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	159-162
15539309-6	1999	The J774 cells also bound and took up [(3)H]retinol-RBP.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	52-55
15539309-7	1999	Approximately 50 to 60% of the uptake may compete with excess unlabeled retinol-RBP and approximately 30 to 40% with excess transtyrethin.	Vitamin A	72-79	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	80-83
10092641-1	1999	Cellular retinol-binding proteins types I and II (CRBP-I and CRBP-II) are known to differentially facilitate retinoid metabolism by several membrane-associated enzymes.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	61-68
10092641-4	1999	The results showed that ligand transfer of retinol from CRBP-I was >5-fold faster than transfer from CRBP-II.	Vitamin A	43-50	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	56-62
10203351-0	1999	Evidence for an essential role of megalin in transepithelial transport of retinol.	Vitamin A	74-81	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2	Mus musculus	34-41
10100988-17	1999	We concluded that RA does not directly regulate LZ, and that the excessive accumulation of LZ in RA-deprived NHTBE cells is a consequence of vitamin A deficiency-induced abnormal differentiation.	Vitamin A	141-150	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	91-93
10200021-1	1999	BACKGROUND: By resisting digestion in the stomach, the major bovine milk allergen, beta-lactoglobulin, is believed to act as a transporter of vitamin A and retinol to the intestines.	Vitamin A	142-151	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	83-101
10200021-1	1999	BACKGROUND: By resisting digestion in the stomach, the major bovine milk allergen, beta-lactoglobulin, is believed to act as a transporter of vitamin A and retinol to the intestines.	Vitamin A	156-163	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	83-101
10319365-6	1999	Cytokines stimulate liver 5"-DA and suppress the synthesis of transthyretin (TTR), causing the drop of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and the leakage of increased amounts of T4 and retinol in free form.	Vitamin A	103-110	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	62-75
10319365-6	1999	Cytokines stimulate liver 5"-DA and suppress the synthesis of transthyretin (TTR), causing the drop of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and the leakage of increased amounts of T4 and retinol in free form.	Vitamin A	103-110	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	77-80
10319365-6	1999	Cytokines stimulate liver 5"-DA and suppress the synthesis of transthyretin (TTR), causing the drop of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and the leakage of increased amounts of T4 and retinol in free form.	Vitamin A	103-110	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	128-131
10194330-2	1999	In vivo, pancreatic CEL is thought to liberate cholesterol and retinol from their esters prior to absorption in the intestine.	Vitamin A	63-70	carboxyl ester lipase	Mus musculus	20-23
10194331-1	1999	To study the role of carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) in hepatic retinoid (vitamin A) metabolism, we investigated uptake and hydrolysis of chylomicron (CM)-retinyl esters (RE) by rat hepatoma (McArdle-RH7777) cells stably transfected with a rat CEL cDNA.	Vitamin A	70-79	carboxyl ester lipase	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
10085092-0	1999	Preferential release of 11-cis-retinol from retinal pigment epithelial cells in the presence of cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein.	Vitamin A	24-38	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	96-134
10085092-6	1999	Apo-cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein probably exerts its effect by trapping the 11-cis-retinol product.	Vitamin A	86-100	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	4-42
10052934-1	1999	Whether ultimately utilized as retinoic acid, retinal, or retinol, vitamin A is transported to the target cells as all-trans-retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	67-76	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	142-165
10052934-1	1999	Whether ultimately utilized as retinoic acid, retinal, or retinol, vitamin A is transported to the target cells as all-trans-retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	67-76	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	167-170
10052934-1	1999	Whether ultimately utilized as retinoic acid, retinal, or retinol, vitamin A is transported to the target cells as all-trans-retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	125-132	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	142-165
10052934-1	1999	Whether ultimately utilized as retinoic acid, retinal, or retinol, vitamin A is transported to the target cells as all-trans-retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	125-132	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	167-170
10026096-10	1999	If this occurs in vivo, the present finding suggests that high expression of 11beta-HSD2 in the human placenta may be maintained, at least in part, by dietary intake of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	169-178	hydroxysteroid 11-beta dehydrogenase 2	Homo sapiens	77-88
10203351-1	1999	Transepithelial transport of retinol is linked to retinol-binding protein (RBP), which is taken up and also synthesized in a number of epithelia.	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	50-73
10203351-1	1999	Transepithelial transport of retinol is linked to retinol-binding protein (RBP), which is taken up and also synthesized in a number of epithelia.	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	75-78
10203351-4	1999	Western blotting and HPLC of the urine of the megalin-deficient mice instead revealed a highly increased urinary excretion of RBP and retinol, demonstrating that glomerular filtered RBP-retinol of megalin-deficient mice escapes uptake by proximal tubules.	Vitamin A	186-193	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	182-185
10203351-5	1999	A direct megalin-mediated uptake of purified RBP-retinol was indicated by surface plasmon resonance analysis and uptake in immortalized rat yolk sac cells.	Vitamin A	49-56	LDL receptor related protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	9-16
10203351-5	1999	A direct megalin-mediated uptake of purified RBP-retinol was indicated by surface plasmon resonance analysis and uptake in immortalized rat yolk sac cells.	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
10203351-7	1999	The present data show that the absence of RBP-binding megalin causes a significantly increased loss of RBP and retinol in the urine, demonstrating a crucial role of megalin in vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	111-118	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	42-45
10203351-7	1999	The present data show that the absence of RBP-binding megalin causes a significantly increased loss of RBP and retinol in the urine, demonstrating a crucial role of megalin in vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	111-118	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2	Mus musculus	54-61
10203351-7	1999	The present data show that the absence of RBP-binding megalin causes a significantly increased loss of RBP and retinol in the urine, demonstrating a crucial role of megalin in vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	176-185	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	42-45
10203351-7	1999	The present data show that the absence of RBP-binding megalin causes a significantly increased loss of RBP and retinol in the urine, demonstrating a crucial role of megalin in vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	176-185	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2	Mus musculus	54-61
10203351-7	1999	The present data show that the absence of RBP-binding megalin causes a significantly increased loss of RBP and retinol in the urine, demonstrating a crucial role of megalin in vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	176-185	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	103-106
10203351-7	1999	The present data show that the absence of RBP-binding megalin causes a significantly increased loss of RBP and retinol in the urine, demonstrating a crucial role of megalin in vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	176-185	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2	Mus musculus	165-172
10067828-0	1999	Retinol-binding protein is produced by rabbit chondrocytes and responds to parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide-cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway.	Vitamin A	0-7	parathyroid hormone	Oryctolagus cuniculus	75-94
10067828-0	1999	Retinol-binding protein is produced by rabbit chondrocytes and responds to parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related peptide-cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway.	Vitamin A	0-7	parathyroid hormone-related protein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	101-120
10064730-6	1999	The results indicated that the subjects carrying genetic variants associated with increased concentrations of apoA-I and C-III (C1100-T and G-75-A) also presented increased plasma concentrations of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	198-207	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	110-116
16130282-1	1999	PURPOSE: To evaluate the presence of transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin) a protein which binds retinol to retinol-binding protein in various ocular tissues and to study its quantitative changes in the vitreous humor in various diseases.	Vitamin A	91-98	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	37-50
16130282-1	1999	PURPOSE: To evaluate the presence of transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin) a protein which binds retinol to retinol-binding protein in various ocular tissues and to study its quantitative changes in the vitreous humor in various diseases.	Vitamin A	91-98	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	52-55
16130282-1	1999	PURPOSE: To evaluate the presence of transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin) a protein which binds retinol to retinol-binding protein in various ocular tissues and to study its quantitative changes in the vitreous humor in various diseases.	Vitamin A	102-109	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	37-50
16130282-1	1999	PURPOSE: To evaluate the presence of transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin) a protein which binds retinol to retinol-binding protein in various ocular tissues and to study its quantitative changes in the vitreous humor in various diseases.	Vitamin A	102-109	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	52-55
9986733-6	1999	The administration of retinol to the vitamin A-deficient embryo restores GATA-4 expression and completely rescues the vitamin A-deficient phenotype.	Vitamin A	22-29	GATA binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	73-79
10219964-2	1999	Effects of arachidonic acid, prostaglandins, retinol, retinoic acid and cholecalciferol on xenobiotic oxidations catalysed by 12 recombinant human cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) enzymes and by human liver microsomes have been investigated.	Vitamin A	45-52	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	147-175
10219964-7	1999	Retinol, retinoic acid and cholecalciferol were strong inhibitors for xenobiotic oxidations catalysed by recombinant CYP1A1, 2C8 and 2C19.	Vitamin A	0-7	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	117-123
10219964-9	1999	Dixon plots of inhibitions of CYP1A1-, 1A2-, 2C8- and 2C19-dependent xenobiotic oxidations by arachidonic acid, of CYP1A1-, 2B6- and 2C19-dependent activities by retinol, and of CYP1A1- and 2C19-dependent activities by cholecalciferol indicated that these chemicals inhibit P450 activities mainly through a competitive mechanism.	Vitamin A	162-169	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	30-36
10219964-9	1999	Dixon plots of inhibitions of CYP1A1-, 1A2-, 2C8- and 2C19-dependent xenobiotic oxidations by arachidonic acid, of CYP1A1-, 2B6- and 2C19-dependent activities by retinol, and of CYP1A1- and 2C19-dependent activities by cholecalciferol indicated that these chemicals inhibit P450 activities mainly through a competitive mechanism.	Vitamin A	162-169	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	115-121
10219964-9	1999	Dixon plots of inhibitions of CYP1A1-, 1A2-, 2C8- and 2C19-dependent xenobiotic oxidations by arachidonic acid, of CYP1A1-, 2B6- and 2C19-dependent activities by retinol, and of CYP1A1- and 2C19-dependent activities by cholecalciferol indicated that these chemicals inhibit P450 activities mainly through a competitive mechanism.	Vitamin A	162-169	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	115-121
9931293-2	1999	The data show that Rdh5 catalyses 9-cis-retinol metabolism equally efficiently as 11-cis-retinol metabolism and recognizes 5alpha-androstan-3alpha,17beta-diol and androsterone as substrates (3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity), but not testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, oestradiol and corticosterone (lack of 17beta-hydroxysteroid and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities).	Vitamin A	82-96	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Homo sapiens	19-23
10026291-1	1999	Microsomal enzymes that catalyze the first step in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid from retinal, retinol dehydrogenases (RDHs), access retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	99-106	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	188-192
10026291-9	1999	For example, L35 mutants had lower kcat values than wild-type CRBP; thus, L35 seems important for RDH access to retinol.	Vitamin A	112-119	ribosomal protein L35	Homo sapiens	13-16
10026291-9	1999	For example, L35 mutants had lower kcat values than wild-type CRBP; thus, L35 seems important for RDH access to retinol.	Vitamin A	112-119	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	62-66
10026291-9	1999	For example, L35 mutants had lower kcat values than wild-type CRBP; thus, L35 seems important for RDH access to retinol.	Vitamin A	112-119	ribosomal protein L35	Homo sapiens	74-77
10026291-11	1999	These results suggest a role for the helical cap region as a locus for RDH interaction and as a portal for ligand access to CRBP, and show that the affinity (Kd) of CRBP for retinol alone does not determine the efficiency of holo-CRBP as substrate.	Vitamin A	174-181	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	165-169
10026291-11	1999	These results suggest a role for the helical cap region as a locus for RDH interaction and as a portal for ligand access to CRBP, and show that the affinity (Kd) of CRBP for retinol alone does not determine the efficiency of holo-CRBP as substrate.	Vitamin A	174-181	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	165-169
9950616-2	1999	METHODS: [3H]all-trans retinol (ROL) was delivered to the basal surface of the cultured RPE by serum retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	126-129
9920938-1	1999	The enzyme responsible for conversion of all-trans-retinol into retinyl esters, the lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) has been characterized at the molecular level.	Vitamin A	41-58	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	84-116
9920938-1	1999	The enzyme responsible for conversion of all-trans-retinol into retinyl esters, the lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) has been characterized at the molecular level.	Vitamin A	41-58	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	118-122
9920938-6	1999	High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the reaction product formed by HEK-293 cells transfected with LRAT cDNA confirmed the ability of the transfected cells to convert [3H]all-trans-retinol into authentic [3H]all-trans-retinyl palmitate as chemically determined.	Vitamin A	185-202	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	113-117
9927288-5	1999	Under normoxic conditions, the iron chelator desferrioxamine and the antioxidant vitamin A increased renal Epo production, mimicking hypoxic induction.	Vitamin A	81-90	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	107-110
9927288-8	1999	Vitamin A also antagonized the H2O2-dependent inhibition of hypoxically induced Epo synthesis.	Vitamin A	0-9	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	80-83
9927288-9	1999	Interestingly, the addition of the antioxidant vitamin A to hypoxically perfused kidneys also induced Epo production significantly.	Vitamin A	47-56	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	102-105
10221661-9	1999	Increased urine retinol binding protein concentrations (RBP), a marker of proximal tubular dysfunction, correlated with elevated urine glycine betaine excretion and plasma HbA1c (r = 0.28, P < 0.01).	Vitamin A	16-23	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	56-59
10048416-9	1999	In this review, we summarize recent findings on the regulation of CD38 antigen by retinoids (vitamin A and related compounds).	Vitamin A	93-102	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	66-70
10026291-1	1999	Microsomal enzymes that catalyze the first step in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid from retinal, retinol dehydrogenases (RDHs), access retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	99-106	short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7	Homo sapiens	123-127
10026291-1	1999	Microsomal enzymes that catalyze the first step in the biosynthesis of retinoic acid from retinal, retinol dehydrogenases (RDHs), access retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	99-106	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	154-186
9990573-7	1999	Plasma retinol and C-reactive protein levels are inversely correlated (r = -0.15, P < 0.001), indicating that vitamin A status and inflammatory response may be related but the causal direction is unknown.	Vitamin A	113-122	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	19-37
9890568-6	1999	All-trans retinol was a potent inhibitor of ALDH1 activity, and inhibited all-trans retinal oxidation uncompetitively.	Vitamin A	10-17	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	44-49
10089423-3	1999	Based on a 2:2:1 stoichiometry for the Fab-retinol-binding-protein-transthyretin complex and the presence of one such complex per asymmetric unit, a reasonable Vm coefficient of 2.74 A3 Da-1 could be estimated.	Vitamin A	43-50	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	39-42
10089423-3	1999	Based on a 2:2:1 stoichiometry for the Fab-retinol-binding-protein-transthyretin complex and the presence of one such complex per asymmetric unit, a reasonable Vm coefficient of 2.74 A3 Da-1 could be estimated.	Vitamin A	43-50	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	67-80
10609868-1	1999	Vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin D are lipid soluble vitamins that are precursors of the nuclear hormones all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD) that bind with high affinity to their cognate nuclear receptors, referred to as retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	253-275
9989277-6	1999	In parallel with this, unesterified retinol and retinoic acid concentrations in SCC were significantly elevated over those in normal cells.	Vitamin A	36-43	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	80-83
9989277-10	1999	Challenging cells with increasing medium retinol concentrations resulted in dose-dependent increases in retinol and retinoic acid within SCC.	Vitamin A	41-48	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	137-140
9989277-10	1999	Challenging cells with increasing medium retinol concentrations resulted in dose-dependent increases in retinol and retinoic acid within SCC.	Vitamin A	104-111	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	137-140
9858493-2	1999	We have previously demonstrated that the uterine epithelial cells from the pseudopregnant rat have gained the ability to synthesize retinoic acid from retinol, in correlation with the induced expression of CRABP(II).	Vitamin A	151-158	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	206-215
10609868-1	1999	Vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin D are lipid soluble vitamins that are precursors of the nuclear hormones all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD) that bind with high affinity to their cognate nuclear receptors, referred to as retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR).	Vitamin A	0-9	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	306-309
10609868-1	1999	Vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin D are lipid soluble vitamins that are precursors of the nuclear hormones all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD) that bind with high affinity to their cognate nuclear receptors, referred to as retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR).	Vitamin A	11-18	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	253-275
10609868-1	1999	Vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin D are lipid soluble vitamins that are precursors of the nuclear hormones all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD) that bind with high affinity to their cognate nuclear receptors, referred to as retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR).	Vitamin A	11-18	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	277-280
10609868-1	1999	Vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin D are lipid soluble vitamins that are precursors of the nuclear hormones all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD) that bind with high affinity to their cognate nuclear receptors, referred to as retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR).	Vitamin A	11-18	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	286-304
10609868-1	1999	Vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin D are lipid soluble vitamins that are precursors of the nuclear hormones all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD) that bind with high affinity to their cognate nuclear receptors, referred to as retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR).	Vitamin A	11-18	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	306-309
10609868-1	1999	Vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin D are lipid soluble vitamins that are precursors of the nuclear hormones all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD) that bind with high affinity to their cognate nuclear receptors, referred to as retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	277-280
10609868-1	1999	Vitamin A (retinol) and vitamin D are lipid soluble vitamins that are precursors of the nuclear hormones all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD) that bind with high affinity to their cognate nuclear receptors, referred to as retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR).	Vitamin A	0-9	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	286-304
10065595-6	1999	Zinc concentrations and both soluble and particulate ACE activities in the testes of vitamin A- deficient rats (A- group) were significantly lower than the other two groups.	Vitamin A	85-94	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
9989277-12	1999	This was accomplished by the storage of retinol, via LRAT activity, as retinyl ester.	Vitamin A	40-47	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	53-57
9989277-13	1999	Consistent with increased substrate-driven retinoic acid synthesis in SCC, the expression of transglutaminase 1 was suppressed to a greater extent in the SCCs than in NHK, when cells were exposed to equivalent medium concentrations of retinol.	Vitamin A	235-242	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	70-73
9989277-13	1999	Consistent with increased substrate-driven retinoic acid synthesis in SCC, the expression of transglutaminase 1 was suppressed to a greater extent in the SCCs than in NHK, when cells were exposed to equivalent medium concentrations of retinol.	Vitamin A	235-242	transglutaminase 1	Homo sapiens	93-111
9989277-14	1999	The data demonstrate a central role of LRAT in regulating retinoic acid synthesis via its capacity to modulate cellular levels of substrate retinol.	Vitamin A	140-147	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	39-43
10402668-1	1999	Adh4, a member of the mouse alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene family, encodes an enzyme that functions in vitro as a retinol dehydrogenase in the conversion of retinol to retinoic acid, an important developmental signaling molecule.	Vitamin A	116-123	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	51-54
10570467-2	1999	Various forms of mammalian aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) have been shown to oxidize the vitamin A precursor retinal to RA in vitro.	Vitamin A	88-97	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	51-55
10402668-9	1999	These findings demonstrate that another retinol dehydrogenase can compensate for a lack of Adh4 when vitamin A is sufficient, but that Adh4 helps optimize retinol utilization under conditions of both retinol deficiency and excess.	Vitamin A	101-110	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	40-61
9862453-4	1998	The two critical RPE enzymes in the isomerization pathway are lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) and isomerohydrolase, which processes all-trans-retinyl esters into 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	171-185	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	62-95
10208011-3	1999	Retinol is transported as a complex with retinol-binding protein (RBP): transplacental transfer of retinol and its uptake by the embryonic tissues involves binding to an RBP receptor at the cell surface.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	41-64
10208011-3	1999	Retinol is transported as a complex with retinol-binding protein (RBP): transplacental transfer of retinol and its uptake by the embryonic tissues involves binding to an RBP receptor at the cell surface.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	66-69
10208011-3	1999	Retinol is transported as a complex with retinol-binding protein (RBP): transplacental transfer of retinol and its uptake by the embryonic tissues involves binding to an RBP receptor at the cell surface.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	170-173
10208011-3	1999	Retinol is transported as a complex with retinol-binding protein (RBP): transplacental transfer of retinol and its uptake by the embryonic tissues involves binding to an RBP receptor at the cell surface.	Vitamin A	41-48	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	66-69
10208011-3	1999	Retinol is transported as a complex with retinol-binding protein (RBP): transplacental transfer of retinol and its uptake by the embryonic tissues involves binding to an RBP receptor at the cell surface.	Vitamin A	41-48	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	170-173
10506831-2	1999	One of these proteins, the widely expressed (throughout retinoid target tissues and in all vertebrates) and highly conserved cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), sequesters retinol in an internal binding pocket that segregates it from the intracellular milieu.	Vitamin A	134-141	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	159-163
10506831-3	1999	The CRBP-retinol complex appears to be the quantitatively major form of retinol in vivo, and may protect the promiscuous substrate from nonenzymatic degradation and/or non-specific enzymes.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
10506831-3	1999	The CRBP-retinol complex appears to be the quantitatively major form of retinol in vivo, and may protect the promiscuous substrate from nonenzymatic degradation and/or non-specific enzymes.	Vitamin A	72-79	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
10506831-5	1999	But only a fraction of these (some of the short-chain de-hydrogenases/reductases) have the fascinating additional ability of catalyzing retinal synthesis from CRBP-bound retinol as well.	Vitamin A	170-177	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	159-163
9843205-1	1998	Mutation of RPE65 can cause severe blindness from birth or early childhood, and RPE65 protein is associated with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	146-155	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	12-17
9843205-1	1998	Mutation of RPE65 can cause severe blindness from birth or early childhood, and RPE65 protein is associated with retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	146-155	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	80-85
9862453-4	1998	The two critical RPE enzymes in the isomerization pathway are lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) and isomerohydrolase, which processes all-trans-retinyl esters into 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	171-185	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	97-101
9808228-11	1998	Impaired tubular reabsorption of low-molecular-weight proteins, such as RBP transporting retinol, appeared to be the cause of this urinary retinol loss.	Vitamin A	139-146	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	72-75
9867826-5	1999	We have now cocrystallized beta-Lg with palmitic acid, and the refined structure (R = 0.204, Rfree = 0.240 for 6,888 reflections to 2.5-A resolution) reveals that the ligand binds in the central cavity in a manner similar to the binding of retinol to the related lipocalin, serum retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	240-247	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	27-34
9867826-5	1999	We have now cocrystallized beta-Lg with palmitic acid, and the refined structure (R = 0.204, Rfree = 0.240 for 6,888 reflections to 2.5-A resolution) reveals that the ligand binds in the central cavity in a manner similar to the binding of retinol to the related lipocalin, serum retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	280-287	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	27-34
9829557-8	1998	In the intestinal mucosa, retinol esterification catalyzed by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) or acyl coenzyme A (CoA):retinol transferase (ARAT) was not statistically different between the groups.	Vitamin A	26-33	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	73-106
9829557-8	1998	In the intestinal mucosa, retinol esterification catalyzed by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) or acyl coenzyme A (CoA):retinol transferase (ARAT) was not statistically different between the groups.	Vitamin A	26-33	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
9829557-8	1998	In the intestinal mucosa, retinol esterification catalyzed by the enzyme lecithin:retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) or acyl coenzyme A (CoA):retinol transferase (ARAT) was not statistically different between the groups.	Vitamin A	26-33	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	160-164
9825862-1	1998	Mammalian alcohol dehydrogenases ADH1 (class I ADH) and ADH4 (class IV ADH) function as retinol dehydrogenases contributing to the synthesis of retinoic acid, the active form of vitamin A involved in growth and development.	Vitamin A	178-187	alcohol dehydrogenase 1	Xenopus laevis	33-37
9808227-8	1998	Low serum retinol was independently associated with S. dysenteriae type 1, high serum C-reactive protein concentrations, and low weight-forage in multiple regression analysis.	Vitamin A	10-17	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	86-104
9808228-11	1998	Impaired tubular reabsorption of low-molecular-weight proteins, such as RBP transporting retinol, appeared to be the cause of this urinary retinol loss.	Vitamin A	89-96	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	72-75
9804359-3	1998	All-trans retinoic acid (RA), 13-cis RA, and all-trans retinol reduced VEGF/VPF secretion by KC in primary cultures by a mean +/- SD of 58 +/- 25%, 46 +/- 21%, and 54 +/- 20%, respectively, compared with control values.	Vitamin A	55-62	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	71-75
9804359-3	1998	All-trans retinoic acid (RA), 13-cis RA, and all-trans retinol reduced VEGF/VPF secretion by KC in primary cultures by a mean +/- SD of 58 +/- 25%, 46 +/- 21%, and 54 +/- 20%, respectively, compared with control values.	Vitamin A	55-62	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	76-79
9808636-1	1998	Vitamin A is a potent inducer for liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase (L/B/K ALP) in a variety of tissues.	Vitamin A	0-9	PDZ and LIM domain 3	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
9808636-2	1998	However, the evidence for induction of L/B/K ALP by vitamin A in small intestine is limited.	Vitamin A	52-61	PDZ and LIM domain 3	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
9808636-3	1998	In this study, we investigated the influence of vitamin A on L/B/K ALP expression in rat small intestinal crypt IEC-6 cells and fetal rat small intestine.	Vitamin A	48-57	PDZ and LIM domain 3	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
9808636-10	1998	Our results suggest that vitamin A may be an important regulator for L/B/K ALP expression in fetal rat small intestine as well as in IEC-6 cells.	Vitamin A	25-34	PDZ and LIM domain 3	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
9821019-0	1998	Effect of retinoid (vitamin A or retinoic acid) treatment (hormonal imprinting) through breastmilk on the glucocorticoid receptor and estrogen receptor binding capacity of the adult rat offspring.	Vitamin A	20-29	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-129
9821019-5	1998	Treatments once a week for 3 weeks of nursing rat mothers with 6 mg/animal all-trans retinol/dose caused faulty imprinting manifested in significantly reduced density (Bmax) of thymic glucocorticoid receptor in male and female adult progenies alike.	Vitamin A	85-92	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	184-207
9825862-1	1998	Mammalian alcohol dehydrogenases ADH1 (class I ADH) and ADH4 (class IV ADH) function as retinol dehydrogenases contributing to the synthesis of retinoic acid, the active form of vitamin A involved in growth and development.	Vitamin A	178-187	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	56-60
9772136-5	1998	The ratio of RBP:TTR was selectively reduced in children in the placebo group with low plasma retinol (<0.35 micromol/L) and elevated CRP (>40 mg/L).	Vitamin A	94-101	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	13-16
9772136-5	1998	The ratio of RBP:TTR was selectively reduced in children in the placebo group with low plasma retinol (<0.35 micromol/L) and elevated CRP (>40 mg/L).	Vitamin A	94-101	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	17-20
9788738-5	1998	We have analyzed the retinol metabolism in the established GRX cell line, representative of stellate cells.	Vitamin A	21-28	glutaredoxin	Homo sapiens	59-62
9788738-7	1998	Moreover, we showed that the cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP-I) expression in these cells, relevant for both uptake and esterification of retinol, responds to the extracellular retinol status, and is correlated to the retinol binding capacity of the cytosol.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	63-69
9788738-7	1998	Moreover, we showed that the cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP-I) expression in these cells, relevant for both uptake and esterification of retinol, responds to the extracellular retinol status, and is correlated to the retinol binding capacity of the cytosol.	Vitamin A	145-152	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	29-61
9788738-7	1998	Moreover, we showed that the cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP-I) expression in these cells, relevant for both uptake and esterification of retinol, responds to the extracellular retinol status, and is correlated to the retinol binding capacity of the cytosol.	Vitamin A	145-152	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	63-69
9788738-7	1998	Moreover, we showed that the cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP-I) expression in these cells, relevant for both uptake and esterification of retinol, responds to the extracellular retinol status, and is correlated to the retinol binding capacity of the cytosol.	Vitamin A	145-152	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	29-61
9788738-7	1998	Moreover, we showed that the cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP-I) expression in these cells, relevant for both uptake and esterification of retinol, responds to the extracellular retinol status, and is correlated to the retinol binding capacity of the cytosol.	Vitamin A	145-152	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	63-69
9788738-9	1998	We conclude that the GRX cell line represents an in vitro model of hepatic stellate cells, and responds very efficiently to wide variations of the extracellular retinol status by autonomous controls of its uptake, storage or release.	Vitamin A	161-168	glutaredoxin	Homo sapiens	21-24
9758748-1	1998	Human retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a monomeric 21-kDa protein that is currently the subject of numerous studies owing to its role in the cellular uptake and utilization of retinol.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	31-34
9758748-4	1998	Refolding of RBP is carried out in the presence of vitamin A by diluting denatured and reduced RBP into a redox refolding buffer consisting of 3 mM cysteine/0.3 mM cystine at 4 degreesC.	Vitamin A	51-60	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	13-16
9758748-4	1998	Refolding of RBP is carried out in the presence of vitamin A by diluting denatured and reduced RBP into a redox refolding buffer consisting of 3 mM cysteine/0.3 mM cystine at 4 degreesC.	Vitamin A	51-60	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	95-98
9758748-6	1998	The native structure of refolded RBP was established by its ability to bind to vitamin A and the plasma protein transthyretin.	Vitamin A	79-88	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	33-36
9733106-2	1998	Alcohol dehydrogenases ADH1 (class I ADH) and ADH4 (class IV ADH) function as retinol dehydrogenases in the oxidation of retinol, a necessary step in the synthesis of retinoic acid from vitamin A.	Vitamin A	78-85	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	23-27
9772136-0	1998	A low molar ratio of retinol binding protein to transthyretin indicates vitamin A deficiency during inflammation: studies in rats and a posterior analysis of vitamin A-supplemented children with measles.	Vitamin A	72-81	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	48-61
9751768-0	1998	Effect of vitamin A supplementation on rhodopsin mutants threonine-17 --> methionine and proline-347 --> serine in transgenic mice and in cell cultures.	Vitamin A	10-19	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	39-48
9751768-1	1998	A therapeutic effect of vitamin A supplementation on the course of photoreceptor degeneration, previously reported for patients with retinitis pigmentosa, was tested in two transgenic mouse models of this disease, each carrying a dominant rhodopsin mutation.	Vitamin A	24-33	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	239-248
9751768-8	1998	These results show that vitamin A supplementation slows the rate of photoreceptor degeneration caused by a class II rhodopsin mutation.	Vitamin A	24-33	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	116-125
9736766-2	1998	CRALBP appears to modulate enzymatic generation and processing of 11-cis-retinol and regeneration of visual pigment in the vertebrate visual cycle.	Vitamin A	66-80	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Mus musculus	0-6
9721191-1	1998	Retinol binding protein (RBP) is the primary circulating transport molecule for retinol, facilitating its transport to target tissues and influencing target cell uptake.	Vitamin A	80-87	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-23
9721191-1	1998	Retinol binding protein (RBP) is the primary circulating transport molecule for retinol, facilitating its transport to target tissues and influencing target cell uptake.	Vitamin A	80-87	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	25-28
9733106-2	1998	Alcohol dehydrogenases ADH1 (class I ADH) and ADH4 (class IV ADH) function as retinol dehydrogenases in the oxidation of retinol, a necessary step in the synthesis of retinoic acid from vitamin A.	Vitamin A	78-85	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Mus musculus	46-50
9733106-2	1998	Alcohol dehydrogenases ADH1 (class I ADH) and ADH4 (class IV ADH) function as retinol dehydrogenases in the oxidation of retinol, a necessary step in the synthesis of retinoic acid from vitamin A.	Vitamin A	78-85	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	58-64
9733106-2	1998	Alcohol dehydrogenases ADH1 (class I ADH) and ADH4 (class IV ADH) function as retinol dehydrogenases in the oxidation of retinol, a necessary step in the synthesis of retinoic acid from vitamin A.	Vitamin A	186-195	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	23-27
9733106-2	1998	Alcohol dehydrogenases ADH1 (class I ADH) and ADH4 (class IV ADH) function as retinol dehydrogenases in the oxidation of retinol, a necessary step in the synthesis of retinoic acid from vitamin A.	Vitamin A	186-195	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Mus musculus	46-50
9733106-2	1998	Alcohol dehydrogenases ADH1 (class I ADH) and ADH4 (class IV ADH) function as retinol dehydrogenases in the oxidation of retinol, a necessary step in the synthesis of retinoic acid from vitamin A.	Vitamin A	186-195	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	58-64
9699509-8	1998	Pretreatment of BAECs with either RA or retinol lowered the concentration of TGF-beta1 required to suppress PA levels, to enhance PAI-1 levels, and to inhibit cell proliferation.	Vitamin A	40-47	transforming growth factor beta 1	Bos taurus	77-86
9699509-8	1998	Pretreatment of BAECs with either RA or retinol lowered the concentration of TGF-beta1 required to suppress PA levels, to enhance PAI-1 levels, and to inhibit cell proliferation.	Vitamin A	40-47	serpin family E member 1	Bos taurus	130-135
28976701-2	1998	Under physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	142-149	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	167-170
9792031-2	1998	Under physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	142-149	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	167-170
9792031-2	1998	Under physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	142-149	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	275-278
9792031-2	1998	Under physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	204-211	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	142-165
9792031-2	1998	Under physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	204-211	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	167-170
28976701-2	1998	Under physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	142-149	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	275-278
28976701-2	1998	Under physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	204-211	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	142-165
28976701-2	1998	Under physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	204-211	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	167-170
9705317-5	1998	The presence of retSDR1 in a subset of inner retinal neurons and in other tissues suggests that the enzyme may also be involved in retinol metabolism outside of photoreceptors.	Vitamin A	131-138	dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Homo sapiens	16-23
9693115-3	1998	Although both proteins interact with retinoids, RBP exhibits a broad specificity, binding retinol, retinoic acid and retinaldehyde with roughly equal affinities, whereas ERABP is specific for all-trans- and 9-cis-retinoic acids.	Vitamin A	90-97	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
9693115-8	1998	Whereas the wild-type ERABP binds only retinoic acid, the double mutant is capable of binding retinol, retinoic acid and retinaldehyde with similar affinities.	Vitamin A	94-101	lipocalin 5	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
9694837-7	1998	High pressure liquid chromatography fractionation of the CHYLO infranate proteins identified the critical protein as transthyretin (TTR), which binds retinol-binding protein and complexes thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	150-157	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	117-130
9694837-7	1998	High pressure liquid chromatography fractionation of the CHYLO infranate proteins identified the critical protein as transthyretin (TTR), which binds retinol-binding protein and complexes thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	150-157	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	132-135
9705855-4	1998	In the cells, most all-trans retinol is bound to cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	49-81
9705855-4	1998	In the cells, most all-trans retinol is bound to cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
9705855-5	1998	Whether retinoic acid is produced from the free or CRBP-bound retinol in vivo is not known.	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
9705855-6	1998	The current study investigated whether human medium-chain alcohol/retinol dehydrogenases (ADH) can oxidize the CRBP-bound retinol.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	111-115
9705855-7	1998	The results of this study suggest that retinol bound to CRBP cannot be channeled to the active site of ADH.	Vitamin A	39-46	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	56-60
9742685-0	1998	Retinol and retinoic acid bind to a surface cleft in bovine beta-lactoglobulin: a method of binding site determination using fluorescence resonance energy transfer.	Vitamin A	0-7	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	60-78
9742685-1	1998	Two potential ligand binding sites in the lipocalin beta-lactoglobulin have been postulated for small hydrophobic molecules such as retinol or retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	132-139	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	52-70
9742685-3	1998	In order to discriminate between these two possibilities, we measured the efficiency of fluorescence resonance energy transfer between the two intrinsic Trp-residues of beta-lactoglobulin and the ligands retinol, retinoic acid and bis-ANS.	Vitamin A	204-211	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	169-187
9677409-7	1998	All-trans-retinol and 13-cis-retinol inhibit RoDH-4 catalyzed oxidation of androsterone with apparent Ki values of 5.8 and 3.5 microM, respectively.	Vitamin A	0-17	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Homo sapiens	45-51
9677409-13	1998	RoDH-4 can potentially contribute to the biosynthesis of two powerful modulators of gene expression: retinoic acid from retinol and dihydrotestosterone from 3alpha-androstane-diol.	Vitamin A	120-127	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Homo sapiens	0-6
9651397-7	1998	CRAD2 may alter the amounts of active and inactive androgens and/or convert retinols into retinals.	Vitamin A	76-84	retinol dehydrogenase 7	Mus musculus	0-5
9797646-1	1998	Excessive interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production appears to be a primary immunological lesion in vitamin A-deficient experimental animals but comparable data from humans is lacking.	Vitamin A	98-107	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	10-26
9797646-1	1998	Excessive interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production appears to be a primary immunological lesion in vitamin A-deficient experimental animals but comparable data from humans is lacking.	Vitamin A	98-107	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	28-37
9671945-15	1998	Such localization of RBP and TTR may indicate a role in the transport and distribution of retinol and thyroid hormone, respectively, from yolk to embryo prior to establishment of the circulatory system, and is suggestive of a subsequent role in heart development.	Vitamin A	90-97	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	21-24
9671945-15	1998	Such localization of RBP and TTR may indicate a role in the transport and distribution of retinol and thyroid hormone, respectively, from yolk to embryo prior to establishment of the circulatory system, and is suggestive of a subsequent role in heart development.	Vitamin A	90-97	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	29-32
9649586-8	1998	These data indicate that RA strongly interacts with IL-4 and IFN-gamma to regulate pIgR expression in HT-29 cells, suggesting that vitamin A may be required for proper in vivo regulation of IgA transport in response to mucosal infections.	Vitamin A	131-140	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	52-56
9677409-5	1998	Recombinant RoDH-4, expressed in microsomes of Sf9 insect cells using BacoluGold Baculovirus system, oxidizes all-trans-retinol and 13-cis-retinol to corresponding aldehydes and oxidizes the 3alpha-hydroxysteroids androstane-diol and androsterone to dihydrotestosterone and androstanedione, respectively.	Vitamin A	113-127	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Homo sapiens	12-18
9649586-8	1998	These data indicate that RA strongly interacts with IL-4 and IFN-gamma to regulate pIgR expression in HT-29 cells, suggesting that vitamin A may be required for proper in vivo regulation of IgA transport in response to mucosal infections.	Vitamin A	131-140	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Homo sapiens	83-87
9649586-8	1998	These data indicate that RA strongly interacts with IL-4 and IFN-gamma to regulate pIgR expression in HT-29 cells, suggesting that vitamin A may be required for proper in vivo regulation of IgA transport in response to mucosal infections.	Vitamin A	131-140	immunoglobulin heavy variable 4-38-2-like	Homo sapiens	190-193
9625099-2	1998	Serum alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were inversely associated with serum retinol concentrations.	Vitamin A	103-110	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	41-59
9682871-4	1998	The generation of monomeric forms of wild-type rhodopsin is suppressed in vitamin A-deprived flies or in flies heterozygous for the dominant rhodopsin mutation.	Vitamin A	74-83	neither inactivation nor afterpotential E	Drosophila melanogaster	47-56
9625099-2	1998	Serum alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were inversely associated with serum retinol concentrations.	Vitamin A	103-110	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	61-64
9625099-3	1998	Elevations in the concentration of CRP in both cases and controls and of AGP in cases were associated with significant reductions (approximately 0.2-0.3 micromol/L) in serum retinol.	Vitamin A	174-181	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	35-38
9625099-4	1998	The risk of a low serum retinol concentration (< 0.7 micromol/L) with elevated AGP (> or = 1 g/L) and CRP (> or = 5 mg/L) concentrations was significantly higher in cases (odds ratios = 8.6 and 4.3, respectively) than in controls (odd ratios = 1.9 and 2.4, respectively).	Vitamin A	24-31	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	108-111
9625099-7	1998	Illness in the previous week and elevated CRP or AGP concentrations were synergistically associated with lower serum retinol.	Vitamin A	117-124	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	42-45
9607314-1	1998	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) functions as a transporter for retinol (vitamin A) in plasma in higher eukaryotes.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
9649586-0	1998	Vitamin A is required for regulation of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) expression by interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma in a human intestinal epithelial cell line.	Vitamin A	0-9	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Homo sapiens	40-73
9649586-0	1998	Vitamin A is required for regulation of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) expression by interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma in a human intestinal epithelial cell line.	Vitamin A	0-9	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Homo sapiens	75-79
9649586-0	1998	Vitamin A is required for regulation of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) expression by interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma in a human intestinal epithelial cell line.	Vitamin A	0-9	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	95-108
9649586-0	1998	Vitamin A is required for regulation of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) expression by interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma in a human intestinal epithelial cell line.	Vitamin A	0-9	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	113-129
9649586-2	1998	We have tested the hypothesis that the vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) is required for the regulation of pIgR expression by the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in HT-29 cells, a well-differentiated human epithelial cell line derived from a colonic carcinoma.	Vitamin A	39-48	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Homo sapiens	123-127
9649586-2	1998	We have tested the hypothesis that the vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) is required for the regulation of pIgR expression by the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in HT-29 cells, a well-differentiated human epithelial cell line derived from a colonic carcinoma.	Vitamin A	39-48	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	156-169
9649586-2	1998	We have tested the hypothesis that the vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) is required for the regulation of pIgR expression by the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in HT-29 cells, a well-differentiated human epithelial cell line derived from a colonic carcinoma.	Vitamin A	39-48	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	171-175
9649586-2	1998	We have tested the hypothesis that the vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) is required for the regulation of pIgR expression by the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in HT-29 cells, a well-differentiated human epithelial cell line derived from a colonic carcinoma.	Vitamin A	39-48	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	181-197
9649586-2	1998	We have tested the hypothesis that the vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (RA) is required for the regulation of pIgR expression by the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in HT-29 cells, a well-differentiated human epithelial cell line derived from a colonic carcinoma.	Vitamin A	39-48	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	199-208
9649586-3	1998	pIgR expression is upregulated by IFN-gamma and IL-4 when HT-29 cells are grown in normal media, but this upregulation was significantly lower when cells were grown in vitamin A-depleted media.	Vitamin A	168-177	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Homo sapiens	0-4
9614154-1	1998	Plasma retinol is reduced during numerous infections, and inflammation alters the hepatic synthesis of retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	7-14	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
9654122-1	1998	The 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase (11-cis-RoDH) gene encodes the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase responsible for 11-cis-retinol oxidation in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	4-18	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Mus musculus	34-45
9654122-5	1998	Recombinant 11-cis-RoDH was found capable of oxidizing and reducing 9-cis-, 11-cis- and 13-cis-isomers of retinol and retinaldehyde, respectively.	Vitamin A	106-113	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Mus musculus	12-23
9607314-4	1998	Thus, the molecular mechanism involved in retinol-dependent secretion of RBP appears to be conserved in yeast, and this points to yeast as a putative model system for studying retinol-regulated secretion of RBP.	Vitamin A	176-183	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	73-76
9607314-4	1998	Thus, the molecular mechanism involved in retinol-dependent secretion of RBP appears to be conserved in yeast, and this points to yeast as a putative model system for studying retinol-regulated secretion of RBP.	Vitamin A	176-183	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	207-210
9607314-1	1998	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) functions as a transporter for retinol (vitamin A) in plasma in higher eukaryotes.	Vitamin A	70-79	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
9607314-2	1998	We have successfully expressed human RBP in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and its secretion was found to be induced by retinol also in this lower eukaryote.	Vitamin A	115-122	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	37-40
9607314-3	1998	Reduced induction of secretion by retinol in a temperature-sensitive sec18-1 mutant that is blocked in secretion at the restricted temperature suggests that as in mammalian cells, RBP can be released from the endoplasmic reticulum upon addition of retinol.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	180-183
9607314-3	1998	Reduced induction of secretion by retinol in a temperature-sensitive sec18-1 mutant that is blocked in secretion at the restricted temperature suggests that as in mammalian cells, RBP can be released from the endoplasmic reticulum upon addition of retinol.	Vitamin A	248-255	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	180-183
9607314-4	1998	Thus, the molecular mechanism involved in retinol-dependent secretion of RBP appears to be conserved in yeast, and this points to yeast as a putative model system for studying retinol-regulated secretion of RBP.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	73-76
9607314-4	1998	Thus, the molecular mechanism involved in retinol-dependent secretion of RBP appears to be conserved in yeast, and this points to yeast as a putative model system for studying retinol-regulated secretion of RBP.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	207-210
9657286-1	1998	In the present study we report the effects of pretreatment with large doses of vitamin A (Vit A, retinol) on hepatic, renal and pulmonary lipid peroxidation, and Ni and essential metal (Fe, Cu, Zn and Ca) concentrations in mice acutely exposed to nickel.	Vitamin A	79-88	vitrin	Mus musculus	90-93
9706481-4	1998	In this study, the levels of serum retinol and RBP were determined in 70 patients with OPLL in the cervical spine, and compared with those in normal subjects.	Vitamin A	35-42	OPLL	Homo sapiens	87-91
9706481-9	1998	These findings suggest that vitamin A may play a role in the development of OPLL.	Vitamin A	28-37	OPLL	Homo sapiens	76-80
9609098-1	1998	Mutations in receptors for the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RAR) that repress retinoic acid (RA)-responsive gene expression have been identified and characterized.	Vitamin A	31-40	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	67-70
9694631-1	1998	Multiple fetal anomalies occur in vitamin A deficient animals as well as in retinoic acid receptor gene "knockout" mice, indicating that retinoic acid (an active metabolite of vitamin A) performs some essential functions in normal development.	Vitamin A	176-185	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	76-98
9562631-7	1998	In addition, we incubated purified rhodopsin and phospholipids extracted from ROS with 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	87-101	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	35-44
9562631-8	1998	Rhodopsin was found to isomerize 11-cis-retinol to all-trans-retinol as well as ROS, but phospholipids did not.	Vitamin A	33-47	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	0-9
9562631-8	1998	Rhodopsin was found to isomerize 11-cis-retinol to all-trans-retinol as well as ROS, but phospholipids did not.	Vitamin A	51-68	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	0-9
9562631-9	1998	In contrast, the phospholipids inhibited the isomerization of 11-cis-retinol to all-trans-retinol by the purified rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	62-76	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	114-123
9562631-9	1998	In contrast, the phospholipids inhibited the isomerization of 11-cis-retinol to all-trans-retinol by the purified rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	80-97	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	114-123
9562631-11	1998	Our results suggest that rhodopsin has activity for the isomerization of 11-cis-retinol to all-trans-retinol and may play an important role in the detoxification of 11-cis-retinol in the ROS.	Vitamin A	73-87	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	25-34
9562631-11	1998	Our results suggest that rhodopsin has activity for the isomerization of 11-cis-retinol to all-trans-retinol and may play an important role in the detoxification of 11-cis-retinol in the ROS.	Vitamin A	91-108	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	25-34
9562631-11	1998	Our results suggest that rhodopsin has activity for the isomerization of 11-cis-retinol to all-trans-retinol and may play an important role in the detoxification of 11-cis-retinol in the ROS.	Vitamin A	165-179	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	25-34
9659286-1	1998	All-trans-retinoic acid (RA), one of the active metabolites of vitamin A, can increase the expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) gene.	Vitamin A	63-72	uncoupling protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-131
9870717-1	1998	Both hypothyroidism and retinol supplementation in rats induce CYP 3A2 and suppress CYP 2C11.	Vitamin A	24-31	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	63-70
9545517-0	1998	The complex between retinol and retinol-binding protein is formed in the rough microsomes of liver following repletion of vitamin A-depleted rats.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	32-55
9545517-0	1998	The complex between retinol and retinol-binding protein is formed in the rough microsomes of liver following repletion of vitamin A-depleted rats.	Vitamin A	122-131	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	32-55
9545517-1	1998	Retinol-binding protein (RBP), the plasma transport protein for vitamin A, is primarily synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the liver.	Vitamin A	64-73	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
9545517-1	1998	Retinol-binding protein (RBP), the plasma transport protein for vitamin A, is primarily synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the liver.	Vitamin A	64-73	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
9545517-3	1998	When rats were depleted of their vitamin A stores, RBP accumulated in the liver microsomes, particularly in the rough microsomes.	Vitamin A	33-42	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
9545517-4	1998	To identify the organelle(s) where retinol initially binds to RBP, vitamin A-depleted rats were given an i.v.	Vitamin A	35-42	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
9545517-7	1998	The retinol/RBP complex (holoRBP) was detected in the rough microsomes within 3 min post injection.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
9506453-6	1998	[3H]All-trans retinol (t-ROL) added to suspensions of intact epidermal cells was metabolically converted to [3H]t-RA, which bound to RAR.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	133-136
9621899-3	1998	Low basal levels of bone morphogenetic protein-7 mRNA and protein expression were stimulated by increasing doses of all-trans retinoic acid, a metabolite of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	157-166	bone morphogenetic protein 7	Gallus gallus	20-48
9621899-12	1998	Regulation of bone morphogenetic protein-7 by retinoic acid may be important in normal growth and development as well as in pathologic conditions of an excess or deficiency of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	176-185	bone morphogenetic protein 7	Gallus gallus	14-42
9485331-5	1998	Specific protein-protein interactions are probably unimportant because bovine serum albumin and the physiologically relevant cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP) both stimulate 11-cis-retinol formation to the same extent, although CRALBP does so at much lower concentrations.	Vitamin A	188-202	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Bos taurus	125-163
9485331-5	1998	Specific protein-protein interactions are probably unimportant because bovine serum albumin and the physiologically relevant cellular retinaldehyde binding protein (CRALBP) both stimulate 11-cis-retinol formation to the same extent, although CRALBP does so at much lower concentrations.	Vitamin A	188-202	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Bos taurus	165-171
9536928-7	1998	Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was associated with lower retinol levels and higher levels of beta-carotene, alpha-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin than sex-matched, first-degree relatives.	Vitamin A	62-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
9475281-10	1998	Retinoic acid receptor-beta mRNA, which responds to vitamin A levels and DEX in many systems, was lower in fetal lungs of the D group that had been treated with DEX.	Vitamin A	52-61	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	0-27
9457079-1	1998	Retinol (vitamin A) circulates in the blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), which is thought to be responsible for the delivery of the vitamin to target cells, including the basal cells of the skin (keratinocytes).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	53-76
9457079-1	1998	Retinol (vitamin A) circulates in the blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), which is thought to be responsible for the delivery of the vitamin to target cells, including the basal cells of the skin (keratinocytes).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	78-81
9457079-1	1998	Retinol (vitamin A) circulates in the blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), which is thought to be responsible for the delivery of the vitamin to target cells, including the basal cells of the skin (keratinocytes).	Vitamin A	9-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	53-76
9457079-1	1998	Retinol (vitamin A) circulates in the blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), which is thought to be responsible for the delivery of the vitamin to target cells, including the basal cells of the skin (keratinocytes).	Vitamin A	9-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	78-81
9457079-2	1998	The process by which keratinocytes acquire retinol from RBP remains controversial.	Vitamin A	43-50	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	56-59
9457079-3	1998	A mechanism for retinol delivery to keratinocytes involving cell surface RBP receptors has been proposed, while other studies support an RBP receptor-independent process.	Vitamin A	16-23	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	73-76
9457079-5	1998	The majority of the cell-associated radioactivity found in keratinocytes incubated for 0.5 to 24 h with either free or RBP bound [3H]retinol was present as [3H]retinyl ester irrespective of the mode of delivery.	Vitamin A	133-140	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	119-122
9710574-1	1998	BACKGROUND: Retinol is tightly packed inside the structure of its plasma carrier (retinol-binding protein, RBP).	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	107-110
9710574-2	1998	It was found that retinol release from RBP to aqueous solutions is facilitated by either very low pH or very high temperatures (i.e. by non-physiological conditions that cause protein denaturation).	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-42
9710574-6	1998	Release of retinol is accompanied by a conformational transition of RBP from the native to the molten-globule state.	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	68-71
9710574-7	1998	CONCLUSIONS: The physiological function of RBP-targeted delivery of retinol-is mimicked in vitro by the facilitated release of retinol (associated with a partial unfolding of the protein carrier) in solutions exhibiting pH and dielectric constant values that are within the range of values expected in the in vivo microenvironment.	Vitamin A	68-75	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	43-46
9710574-7	1998	CONCLUSIONS: The physiological function of RBP-targeted delivery of retinol-is mimicked in vitro by the facilitated release of retinol (associated with a partial unfolding of the protein carrier) in solutions exhibiting pH and dielectric constant values that are within the range of values expected in the in vivo microenvironment.	Vitamin A	127-134	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	43-46
9857266-6	1998	Serum retinol was negatively correlated with malaria parasite count and to serum levels of CRP and AGP.	Vitamin A	6-13	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	91-94
9857266-7	1998	Increased malaria parasite density resulted in raised CRP and AGP levels, which were negatively associated with serum retinol.	Vitamin A	118-125	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	54-57
9800376-1	1998	The effect of vitamin A on peroxisomal catalase in liver of male ICR mice was studied electron microscopically after a single subcutaneous injection of retinyl acetate.	Vitamin A	14-23	catalase	Mus musculus	39-47
9606738-14	1998	HD patients treated by erythropoietin had increased plasma concentration of retinol and normal level of alpha-tocopherol compared to healthy group.	Vitamin A	76-83	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	23-37
9575843-3	1998	Feeding the fat-free diet, which contained a sufficient amount of vitamin A, repressed CRBP II mRNA accumulation by 50% within 1 day, and this low level was sustained over the next 9 days.	Vitamin A	66-75	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	87-94
9575843-5	1998	Oral administration of corn oil in the animals fed vitamin A-free diet elicited approximately threefold accumulation of CRBP II mRNA within 6 h. However, the administration of 9-cis-retinoic acid brought about no accumulation of CRBP II mRNA.	Vitamin A	51-60	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	120-127
9534880-1	1998	Retinol and proguanil are metabolised by the same family of hepatic cytochrome P450, i.e.	Vitamin A	0-7	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	68-86
9492059-0	1998	Ligand-dependent regulation of retinoic acid receptor alpha in rat testis: in vivo response to depletion and repletion of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	122-131	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	31-59
9492059-7	1998	In VAD testis, RAR alpha levels were low and then increased primarily in Sertoli cells after retinol replenishment.	Vitamin A	93-100	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	15-24
9848156-3	1998	Retinol can specifically interacts with nuclei, nuclear envelope and chromatin only when it presents as a complex with CRBP.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	119-123
9492664-8	1998	Significantly more children in the vitamin A group than in the control group achieved clinical cure (19/42 (45%) v 8/14 (20%); chi 2 = 5.14, 1 df, P = 0.02; risk ratio = 0.68 (95% confidence interval; 0.50 to 0.93)).	Vitamin A	35-44	immunoglobulin superfamily member 3	Homo sapiens	113-119
9452451-1	1998	The hypothesis that the cellular uptake of retinol involves the specific interaction of a plasma membrane receptor with serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) at the extracellular surface followed by ligand transfer to cytoplasmic cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) has been investigated.	Vitamin A	43-50	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	151-154
9452451-1	1998	The hypothesis that the cellular uptake of retinol involves the specific interaction of a plasma membrane receptor with serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) at the extracellular surface followed by ligand transfer to cytoplasmic cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) has been investigated.	Vitamin A	43-50	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	262-266
9452451-3	1998	[3H]Retinol transfer from RBP to CRBP-Strep was monitored by measuring the radioactivity associated with CRBP-Strep retained by an immobilized streptavidin resin.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	26-29
9452451-3	1998	[3H]Retinol transfer from RBP to CRBP-Strep was monitored by measuring the radioactivity associated with CRBP-Strep retained by an immobilized streptavidin resin.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
9452451-3	1998	[3H]Retinol transfer from RBP to CRBP-Strep was monitored by measuring the radioactivity associated with CRBP-Strep retained by an immobilized streptavidin resin.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
9452451-4	1998	Using this assay system, we have demonstrated that optimal retinol uptake is achieved with holo-RBP, the membrane receptor and apo-CRBP.	Vitamin A	59-66	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	96-99
9452451-4	1998	Using this assay system, we have demonstrated that optimal retinol uptake is achieved with holo-RBP, the membrane receptor and apo-CRBP.	Vitamin A	59-66	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	131-135
9452451-7	1998	Taken together, the data suggest that the RBP receptor, through specific interactions with the binding proteins, participates (either directly or via associated proteins) in the mechanism which mediates the transfer of retinol from extracellular RBP to intracellular CRBP.	Vitamin A	219-226	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	42-45
9452451-7	1998	Taken together, the data suggest that the RBP receptor, through specific interactions with the binding proteins, participates (either directly or via associated proteins) in the mechanism which mediates the transfer of retinol from extracellular RBP to intracellular CRBP.	Vitamin A	219-226	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	246-249
9452451-7	1998	Taken together, the data suggest that the RBP receptor, through specific interactions with the binding proteins, participates (either directly or via associated proteins) in the mechanism which mediates the transfer of retinol from extracellular RBP to intracellular CRBP.	Vitamin A	219-226	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	267-271
11249007-2	1998	The recent finding of the presence of rhodopsin-like photopigment (pinopsin) and retinal in the avian pinealocytes has led to a hypothesis that vitamin A is involved in photoresponses of the pineal gland.	Vitamin A	144-153	pinopsin	Coturnix japonica	67-75
9533851-4	1998	Module 4 has retinol binding activity and is composed of regions coded for by each of IRBP"s four exons.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	86-90
9478048-0	1998	Alcohol dehydrogenase as a critical mediator of retinoic acid synthesis from vitamin A in the mouse embryo.	Vitamin A	77-86	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	0-21
9478048-3	1998	The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme family may function in the metabolism of retinol, the alcohol form of vitamin A, as well as ethanol metabolism.	Vitamin A	80-87	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	4-25
9478048-3	1998	The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme family may function in the metabolism of retinol, the alcohol form of vitamin A, as well as ethanol metabolism.	Vitamin A	80-87	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	27-30
9478048-3	1998	The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme family may function in the metabolism of retinol, the alcohol form of vitamin A, as well as ethanol metabolism.	Vitamin A	109-118	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	4-25
9478048-3	1998	The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme family may function in the metabolism of retinol, the alcohol form of vitamin A, as well as ethanol metabolism.	Vitamin A	109-118	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	27-30
9478048-4	1998	Some members of the ADH family prefer retinol as a substrate over ethanol, and their ability to oxidize retinol is competitively inhibited by intoxicating levels of ethanol.	Vitamin A	38-45	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	20-23
9478048-4	1998	Some members of the ADH family prefer retinol as a substrate over ethanol, and their ability to oxidize retinol is competitively inhibited by intoxicating levels of ethanol.	Vitamin A	104-111	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	20-23
9478048-9	1998	At E7.5, two other mouse enzymes known to metabolize ethanol (ADH-I and P450 2E1) are not expressed, indicating that ADH-IV may be the only enzyme available at this stage to metabolize both ethanol and retinol.	Vitamin A	202-209	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	117-120
9781392-7	1998	We tested the hypothesis that dietary changes of beta C intake have important roles on the kinetics of vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	103-112	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	49-55
9438418-0	1998	Visual sensitivity and interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein in the mouse: regulation by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	95-104	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	23-66
9438418-3	1998	IRBP protein has been found to be decreased in vitamin A-deprived rats; it is rapidly recovered after retinol repletion.	Vitamin A	47-56	retinol binding protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
9438418-3	1998	IRBP protein has been found to be decreased in vitamin A-deprived rats; it is rapidly recovered after retinol repletion.	Vitamin A	102-109	retinol binding protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
9438418-4	1998	To understand the mechanism for this recovery, we determined whether vitamin A affects transcription and translation of the IRBP gene.	Vitamin A	69-78	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	124-128
9438418-11	1998	These results suggest that the regulation of IRBP by retinol is not transcriptional.	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	45-49
9870717-1	1998	Both hypothyroidism and retinol supplementation in rats induce CYP 3A2 and suppress CYP 2C11.	Vitamin A	24-31	cytochrome P450, subfamily 2, polypeptide 11	Rattus norvegicus	84-92
9481117-1	1998	Adipose tissue is second only to liver as a retinol depot.	Vitamin A	44-51	WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1	Mus musculus	0-7
9374503-0	1997	Binding of retinol in both retinoid-binding sites of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is stabilized mainly by hydrophobic interactions.	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	53-96
9374503-0	1997	Binding of retinol in both retinoid-binding sites of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is stabilized mainly by hydrophobic interactions.	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	98-102
9374503-7	1997	Here, the thermodynamic parameters governing the interactions of retinol with the IRBP retinoid-binding sites were measured.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	82-86
9368046-1	1997	The retinoid X receptor (RXR), a member of the superfamily of hormone nuclear receptors, is a ligand-inducible transcription factor that is activated by the vitamin A derivative 9-cis-retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	157-166	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	4-23
9368046-1	1997	The retinoid X receptor (RXR), a member of the superfamily of hormone nuclear receptors, is a ligand-inducible transcription factor that is activated by the vitamin A derivative 9-cis-retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	157-166	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	25-28
9415536-8	1997	Both alpha1-antitrypsin serum level and the level of vitamin A appeared to be independently related to alpha1-antitrypsin collagenase inhibitory capacity percentage (P=0.03 and P=0.025), with no independent influence of the type of aneurysm and the smoking habit.	Vitamin A	53-62	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	103-121
9415536-9	1997	The results of the present study show that the qualitative pattern of alpha1-antitrypsin is significantly related to the serum level of liposoluble vitamin A, while the type of aneurysm and the smoking habit have no independent influence.	Vitamin A	148-157	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	70-88
9415536-10	1997	This suggests that in a situation in which systemic levels of vitamin A are reduced, the risk of a reduced activity of alpha1-antitrypsin as controller of proteases is elevated, with the consequent increased risk of aneurysm bleeding.	Vitamin A	62-71	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	119-137
9296372-1	1997	We have previously shown that thyroid stimulating hormone-beta (TSHbeta) mRNA levels are modulated by vitamin A status in vivo and using transient transfection, that suppression of rat TSHbeta gene promoter activity by all-trans retinoic acid (RA) requires RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR).	Vitamin A	102-111	thyroid stimulating hormone subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	30-62
9434661-9	1998	Subjects treated with vitamin A experienced a reduction in the number of CD3 + T-cells (P = .012) and CD4 + T-cells (P = .012).	Vitamin A	22-31	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	102-105
9307034-1	1997	Transthyretin is one of two specific proteins involved in the transport of thyroid hormones in plasma; it possesses two binding sites for serum retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	144-151	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
9280190-5	1997	Among preschool children, sex, elevated serum concentrations of C-reactive protein, and malarial parasitemia were significant predictors of serum retinol.	Vitamin A	146-153	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	64-82
9328436-7	1997	First, high Ca2+ induces the synthesis of mCRBPI, which binds ROL released from retinyl ester stores and makes it accessible to the ROL-RA converting enzyme system.	Vitamin A	62-65	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	42-48
9268688-1	1997	Maintenance of rats on a vitamin A-deficient diet resulting in undetectable levels of plasma retinol and significant reductions in relative testes weight compared to age-matched controls leads to the loss of liver membrane-bound low affinity glucocorticoid binding site (LAGS) activity without any effects on the levels of constitutively expressed CYP3A2 protein.	Vitamin A	25-34	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	348-354
9268688-5	1997	However, CYP3A2 remains inducible to dexamethasone 21-phosphate in vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	67-76	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	9-15
9268688-6	1997	These data suggest that vitamin A status affects the expression of LAGS and CYP3A2 but that glucocorticoids regulate the induction of CYP3A2 by a mechanism(s) independent of their interaction with the LAGS.	Vitamin A	24-33	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	76-82
9496708-1	1998	Both the mRNA and protein of cellular retinol-binding protein, type two (CRBP(II)) are induced in rat intestine by high fat (corn oil) diet (Biochim.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	73-81
9356549-7	1997	In the cancer group there were significant negative correlations between concentrations of C-reactive protein and retinol (r = -0.682, P < 0.01), alpha-tocopherol (r = -0.464, P < 0.05), and lutein (r = -0.599, P < 0.01).	Vitamin A	114-121	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	91-109
9394122-6	1997	The ADH localization patterns observed are consistent with ADH-I and ADH-IV, but not ADH-III, functioning physiologically in retinol metabolism needed for epithelial differentiation.	Vitamin A	125-132	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	4-7
9394122-6	1997	The ADH localization patterns observed are consistent with ADH-I and ADH-IV, but not ADH-III, functioning physiologically in retinol metabolism needed for epithelial differentiation.	Vitamin A	125-132	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	59-62
9394122-6	1997	The ADH localization patterns observed are consistent with ADH-I and ADH-IV, but not ADH-III, functioning physiologically in retinol metabolism needed for epithelial differentiation.	Vitamin A	125-132	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	59-62
9394122-6	1997	The ADH localization patterns observed are consistent with ADH-I and ADH-IV, but not ADH-III, functioning physiologically in retinol metabolism needed for epithelial differentiation.	Vitamin A	125-132	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	59-62
9394122-7	1997	Our results further suggest that the functions of ADH-I and ADH-IV are regionally restricted to the lower and upper components, respectively, of the gastrointestinal epithelium, a finding that may relate to the different efficiencies of these two enzymes for retinol oxidation, as well as to the different susceptibilities of the upper and lower digestive tracts for ethanol-induced cancers.	Vitamin A	259-266	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	50-53
9394122-7	1997	Our results further suggest that the functions of ADH-I and ADH-IV are regionally restricted to the lower and upper components, respectively, of the gastrointestinal epithelium, a finding that may relate to the different efficiencies of these two enzymes for retinol oxidation, as well as to the different susceptibilities of the upper and lower digestive tracts for ethanol-induced cancers.	Vitamin A	259-266	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	60-63
9463728-3	1997	Human class I ADH catalyses the oxidation of a wide variety of alcohols including ethanol and retinol, whereas human class II ADH does not catalyse the oxidation of retinol.	Vitamin A	94-101	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	14-17
9367069-7	1997	Comparing retinol-supplemented subjects with placebo-supplemented subjects showed a hazard ratio for first new SCC of 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.99; P = 0.04).	Vitamin A	10-17	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	111-114
9367069-10	1997	Therefore, we concluded that daily supplementation with 25,000 IU of retinol was effective in preventing SCC, although it did not prevent BCC.	Vitamin A	69-76	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	105-108
21235904-1	1997	Retinoic acid (RA) and the retinoids are potent hormones derived from the nutrient vitamin A; they bind members of the nuclear steroid receptor family (RAR, RXR), which are ligand-dependent trans-activators of target gene transcription.	Vitamin A	83-92	Rab40B, member RAS oncogene family	Mus musculus	152-155
9437541-4	1997	There was a univariate association between vitamin A levels and insulin resistance (r = 0.164; P = 0.02) and in multivariate logistic regression analysis the relative risk of subjects with high vitamin A concentrations having IGT was 3.8 (P = 0.002).	Vitamin A	43-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
10322910-0	1997	Tretinoin or retinol enhancement of lymphokine-activated killer cell proliferation and cytotoxicity against human bladder cancer cells in vitro.	Vitamin A	13-20	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	36-46
10322910-1	1997	AIM: To study the effect of tretinoin (Tre) or retinol (Ret) on the proliferation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in patients with transitional cell cancer of bladder and their cytolysis to bladder tumor cells.	Vitamin A	47-54	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	85-95
9383334-3	1997	The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this elevation was due to increased activity of lecithin:retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) the enzyme that converts all-trans-retinol to retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	172-189	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	106-139
9383334-3	1997	The purpose of the present study was to determine whether this elevation was due to increased activity of lecithin:retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) the enzyme that converts all-trans-retinol to retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	172-189	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	141-145
9314576-2	1997	We demonstrate here that uptake of radiolabeled retinol from holo-RBP to the visceral yolk sac of cultured rat embryos exhibits receptor-mediated characteristics (Km = 4.1 x 10(-7) M, Vmax = 3.0 x 10(-12) mol/sec per gram yolk sac protein) and also demonstrate the presence in the yolk sac endoderm of a protein previously described as an RBP receptor.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	339-342
9314576-0	1997	A retinol-binding protein receptor-mediated mechanism for uptake of vitamin A to postimplantation rat embryos.	Vitamin A	68-77	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	2-25
9314576-1	1997	The major form of dietary vitamin A in blood is retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), but it is not clear how maternal retinol reaches the embryo.	Vitamin A	26-35	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	65-88
9314576-1	1997	The major form of dietary vitamin A in blood is retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), but it is not clear how maternal retinol reaches the embryo.	Vitamin A	26-35	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
9314576-1	1997	The major form of dietary vitamin A in blood is retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), but it is not clear how maternal retinol reaches the embryo.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	65-88
9314576-1	1997	The major form of dietary vitamin A in blood is retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), but it is not clear how maternal retinol reaches the embryo.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
9314576-1	1997	The major form of dietary vitamin A in blood is retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), but it is not clear how maternal retinol reaches the embryo.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
9314576-2	1997	We demonstrate here that uptake of radiolabeled retinol from holo-RBP to the visceral yolk sac of cultured rat embryos exhibits receptor-mediated characteristics (Km = 4.1 x 10(-7) M, Vmax = 3.0 x 10(-12) mol/sec per gram yolk sac protein) and also demonstrate the presence in the yolk sac endoderm of a protein previously described as an RBP receptor.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
9314576-3	1997	Furthermore, transport of radiolabeled retinol from the yolk sac to the embryo proper can be markedly decreased by inhibition of visceral yolk sac RBP synthesis.	Vitamin A	39-46	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
9314576-4	1997	Thus embryonic accumulation of retinol depends on a relay of retinol from maternal RBP to RBP synthesized in the yolk sac, via interaction with a visceral yolk sac RBP receptor.	Vitamin A	31-38	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
9314576-4	1997	Thus embryonic accumulation of retinol depends on a relay of retinol from maternal RBP to RBP synthesized in the yolk sac, via interaction with a visceral yolk sac RBP receptor.	Vitamin A	31-38	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
9314576-4	1997	Thus embryonic accumulation of retinol depends on a relay of retinol from maternal RBP to RBP synthesized in the yolk sac, via interaction with a visceral yolk sac RBP receptor.	Vitamin A	31-38	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
9314576-4	1997	Thus embryonic accumulation of retinol depends on a relay of retinol from maternal RBP to RBP synthesized in the yolk sac, via interaction with a visceral yolk sac RBP receptor.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
9314576-4	1997	Thus embryonic accumulation of retinol depends on a relay of retinol from maternal RBP to RBP synthesized in the yolk sac, via interaction with a visceral yolk sac RBP receptor.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
9314576-4	1997	Thus embryonic accumulation of retinol depends on a relay of retinol from maternal RBP to RBP synthesized in the yolk sac, via interaction with a visceral yolk sac RBP receptor.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
9387971-8	1997	Cell kinetics data suggest that vitamin A-dependent mucous cell differentiation in culture is a DNA replication-independent process, and the process is inhibited by transforming growth factor-beta1.	Vitamin A	32-41	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	165-197
9326941-7	1997	Although the function of RPE65 is not yet known, an important role in the RPE/photoreceptor vitamin-A cycle is suggested by the fact that RPE65 associates both with serum retinol-binding protein and with the RPE-specific 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase, an enzyme active in the synthesis of the visual pigment chromophore 11-cis retinal.	Vitamin A	92-101	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	138-143
9326941-9	1997	In contrast to other genes whose defects have been implicated in degenerative retinopathies, RPE65 is the first disease gene in this group of inherited disorders that is expressed exclusively in the RPE, and may play a role in vitamin-A metabolism of the retina.	Vitamin A	227-236	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	93-98
9326942-4	1997	CRALBP is not expressed in photoreceptors but is abundant in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Muller cells of the neuroretina, where it carries 11-cis-retinol and 11-cis-retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	152-166	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
9326942-8	1997	These findings suggest that arRP in the current pedigree results from a lack of functional CRALBP, presumably leading to disruption of retinal vitamin-A metabolism.	Vitamin A	143-152	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	91-97
9302644-1	1997	Effects of retinoid derivatives (retinol and retinoic acid) on elastin expression and cell proliferation in chick embryonic skin fibroblasts were studied.	Vitamin A	33-40	elastin	Gallus gallus	63-70
9290094-1	1997	Recent studies have shown that plasma concentrations of vitamin A (retinol) and its carrier proteins, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and transthyretin (TTR), are decreased in human subjects with insulin-dependent (IDDM) but not with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).	Vitamin A	56-65	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	102-125
9290094-1	1997	Recent studies have shown that plasma concentrations of vitamin A (retinol) and its carrier proteins, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and transthyretin (TTR), are decreased in human subjects with insulin-dependent (IDDM) but not with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).	Vitamin A	56-65	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	127-130
9290094-1	1997	Recent studies have shown that plasma concentrations of vitamin A (retinol) and its carrier proteins, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and transthyretin (TTR), are decreased in human subjects with insulin-dependent (IDDM) but not with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	102-125
9290094-1	1997	Recent studies have shown that plasma concentrations of vitamin A (retinol) and its carrier proteins, retinol-binding protein (RBP), and transthyretin (TTR), are decreased in human subjects with insulin-dependent (IDDM) but not with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	127-130
9296372-1	1997	We have previously shown that thyroid stimulating hormone-beta (TSHbeta) mRNA levels are modulated by vitamin A status in vivo and using transient transfection, that suppression of rat TSHbeta gene promoter activity by all-trans retinoic acid (RA) requires RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR).	Vitamin A	102-111	thyroid stimulating hormone subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	64-71
9296372-1	1997	We have previously shown that thyroid stimulating hormone-beta (TSHbeta) mRNA levels are modulated by vitamin A status in vivo and using transient transfection, that suppression of rat TSHbeta gene promoter activity by all-trans retinoic acid (RA) requires RA receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR).	Vitamin A	102-111	thyroid stimulating hormone subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	185-192
9241041-2	1997	Endometrial synthesis and secretion of retinol-binding protein (RBP; transporter of retinol) into the uterine lumen parallels the rapid morphological transformation of the conceptus.	Vitamin A	39-46	retinol binding protein 4	Sus scrofa	64-67
9260907-0	1997	Interactions of transthyretin (TTR) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the uptake of retinol by primary rat hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	40-47	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
9260907-10	1997	These results indicate that the physiological importance of TTR in retinol delivery may be especially important to vitamin A-storing stellate (Ito) cells in the NPC fraction.	Vitamin A	115-124	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
9260907-1	1997	The mechanism by which cells take up retinol from retinol-binding protein (RBP) and the role of the RBP-transthyretin (TTR) complex remain unclear.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
9260907-2	1997	Here we report on retinol uptake through the RBP-TTR complex by primary cultured rat hepatocytes (parenchymal cells, PC) and nonparenchymal cells (NPC) following incubation with [3H]retinol-RBP or the [3H]retinol-RBP-TTR complex under several conditions.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
9260907-2	1997	Here we report on retinol uptake through the RBP-TTR complex by primary cultured rat hepatocytes (parenchymal cells, PC) and nonparenchymal cells (NPC) following incubation with [3H]retinol-RBP or the [3H]retinol-RBP-TTR complex under several conditions.	Vitamin A	18-25	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
9260907-2	1997	Here we report on retinol uptake through the RBP-TTR complex by primary cultured rat hepatocytes (parenchymal cells, PC) and nonparenchymal cells (NPC) following incubation with [3H]retinol-RBP or the [3H]retinol-RBP-TTR complex under several conditions.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	190-193
9260907-2	1997	Here we report on retinol uptake through the RBP-TTR complex by primary cultured rat hepatocytes (parenchymal cells, PC) and nonparenchymal cells (NPC) following incubation with [3H]retinol-RBP or the [3H]retinol-RBP-TTR complex under several conditions.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	190-193
9260907-2	1997	Here we report on retinol uptake through the RBP-TTR complex by primary cultured rat hepatocytes (parenchymal cells, PC) and nonparenchymal cells (NPC) following incubation with [3H]retinol-RBP or the [3H]retinol-RBP-TTR complex under several conditions.	Vitamin A	18-25	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	217-220
9260907-2	1997	Here we report on retinol uptake through the RBP-TTR complex by primary cultured rat hepatocytes (parenchymal cells, PC) and nonparenchymal cells (NPC) following incubation with [3H]retinol-RBP or the [3H]retinol-RBP-TTR complex under several conditions.	Vitamin A	182-189	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
9260907-2	1997	Here we report on retinol uptake through the RBP-TTR complex by primary cultured rat hepatocytes (parenchymal cells, PC) and nonparenchymal cells (NPC) following incubation with [3H]retinol-RBP or the [3H]retinol-RBP-TTR complex under several conditions.	Vitamin A	182-189	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
9260907-2	1997	Here we report on retinol uptake through the RBP-TTR complex by primary cultured rat hepatocytes (parenchymal cells, PC) and nonparenchymal cells (NPC) following incubation with [3H]retinol-RBP or the [3H]retinol-RBP-TTR complex under several conditions.	Vitamin A	182-189	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
9260907-2	1997	Here we report on retinol uptake through the RBP-TTR complex by primary cultured rat hepatocytes (parenchymal cells, PC) and nonparenchymal cells (NPC) following incubation with [3H]retinol-RBP or the [3H]retinol-RBP-TTR complex under several conditions.	Vitamin A	182-189	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
9260907-5	1997	However, the amount of retinol taken up from the RBP-TTR complex was nearly twofold greater than that from RBP alone.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
9260907-5	1997	However, the amount of retinol taken up from the RBP-TTR complex was nearly twofold greater than that from RBP alone.	Vitamin A	23-30	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
9260907-6	1997	The uptake of [3H]retinol from protein-bound retinol was inhibited by an excess of either retinol-RBP or retinol-RBP-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
9260907-6	1997	The uptake of [3H]retinol from protein-bound retinol was inhibited by an excess of either retinol-RBP or retinol-RBP-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
9260907-6	1997	The uptake of [3H]retinol from protein-bound retinol was inhibited by an excess of either retinol-RBP or retinol-RBP-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	18-25	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
9260907-6	1997	The uptake of [3H]retinol from protein-bound retinol was inhibited by an excess of either retinol-RBP or retinol-RBP-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
9260907-6	1997	The uptake of [3H]retinol from protein-bound retinol was inhibited by an excess of either retinol-RBP or retinol-RBP-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
9260907-6	1997	The uptake of [3H]retinol from protein-bound retinol was inhibited by an excess of either retinol-RBP or retinol-RBP-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	45-52	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
9260907-6	1997	The uptake of [3H]retinol from protein-bound retinol was inhibited by an excess of either retinol-RBP or retinol-RBP-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
9260907-6	1997	The uptake of [3H]retinol from protein-bound retinol was inhibited by an excess of either retinol-RBP or retinol-RBP-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
9260907-6	1997	The uptake of [3H]retinol from protein-bound retinol was inhibited by an excess of either retinol-RBP or retinol-RBP-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	45-52	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
9260907-6	1997	The uptake of [3H]retinol from protein-bound retinol was inhibited by an excess of either retinol-RBP or retinol-RBP-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
9260907-6	1997	The uptake of [3H]retinol from protein-bound retinol was inhibited by an excess of either retinol-RBP or retinol-RBP-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
9260907-6	1997	The uptake of [3H]retinol from protein-bound retinol was inhibited by an excess of either retinol-RBP or retinol-RBP-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	45-52	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
9260907-7	1997	Moreover, retinol uptake through the RBP-TTR complex was inhibited by an excess of free TTR.	Vitamin A	10-17	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
9260907-7	1997	Moreover, retinol uptake through the RBP-TTR complex was inhibited by an excess of free TTR.	Vitamin A	10-17	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
9260907-7	1997	Moreover, retinol uptake through the RBP-TTR complex was inhibited by an excess of free TTR.	Vitamin A	10-17	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
9260907-8	1997	From these results we postulate that TTR may take part as a positive regulator in the delivery of RBP-bound retinol from plasma, possibly by a membrane receptor, and that retinol uptake takes place preferentially from the RBP-TTR complex into both PC and NPC.	Vitamin A	108-115	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
9260907-8	1997	From these results we postulate that TTR may take part as a positive regulator in the delivery of RBP-bound retinol from plasma, possibly by a membrane receptor, and that retinol uptake takes place preferentially from the RBP-TTR complex into both PC and NPC.	Vitamin A	108-115	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
9260907-8	1997	From these results we postulate that TTR may take part as a positive regulator in the delivery of RBP-bound retinol from plasma, possibly by a membrane receptor, and that retinol uptake takes place preferentially from the RBP-TTR complex into both PC and NPC.	Vitamin A	171-178	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	222-225
9260907-10	1997	These results indicate that the physiological importance of TTR in retinol delivery may be especially important to vitamin A-storing stellate (Ito) cells in the NPC fraction.	Vitamin A	67-74	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
9209185-5	1997	Sensitivity and specificity for detecting serum retinol concentrations < 0.70 mumol/L were < 75% for the concentration of breast-milk vitamin A and serum retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	185-188
9202249-1	1997	Retinoid signaling requires the conversion of retinol to retinoic acid by a two-step process, the first of which can be catalyzed in vitro by class I and class IV alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH).	Vitamin A	46-53	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	187-190
9166700-5	1997	Both transcripts for cdc25A increased with retinol treatment in the vitamin A-deficient testis.	Vitamin A	43-50	cell division cycle 25A	Rattus norvegicus	21-27
9202079-0	1997	Vitamin A regulates genes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis in mice: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase.	Vitamin A	0-9	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	71-104
9202079-10	1997	The cAMP-responsiveness of the PEPCK gene in vitamin A-deficient mice was tested.	Vitamin A	45-54	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	31-36
9202079-12	1997	These results in the whole animal indicate that vitamin A regulation of the hepatic PEPCK gene is physiologically important; without adequate vitamin A nutriture, stimulation of the PEPCK gene by food deprivation or cAMP treatment is inhibited in the liver.	Vitamin A	48-57	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	84-89
9202079-12	1997	These results in the whole animal indicate that vitamin A regulation of the hepatic PEPCK gene is physiologically important; without adequate vitamin A nutriture, stimulation of the PEPCK gene by food deprivation or cAMP treatment is inhibited in the liver.	Vitamin A	48-57	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	182-187
9202083-3	1997	Several of these, including cellular retinol binding protein II (CRBP II) and apolipoprotein (apo) AI, participate in vitamin A and lipid trafficking.	Vitamin A	118-127	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-63
9202083-3	1997	Several of these, including cellular retinol binding protein II (CRBP II) and apolipoprotein (apo) AI, participate in vitamin A and lipid trafficking.	Vitamin A	118-127	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	65-72
9202083-3	1997	Several of these, including cellular retinol binding protein II (CRBP II) and apolipoprotein (apo) AI, participate in vitamin A and lipid trafficking.	Vitamin A	118-127	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	78-101
9202083-5	1997	It is well established that vitamin A is essential for normal cell growth, differentiation and maintenance of epithelial tissues and that CRBP II functions to facilitate intestinal vitamin A absorption and metabolism.	Vitamin A	181-190	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	138-145
9188497-4	1997	17beta-HSD6 is a member of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family and shares 65% sequence identity with retinol dehydrogenase 1 (RoDH1), which catalyzes the oxidation of retinol to retinal.	Vitamin A	112-119	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 6	Homo sapiens	0-11
9188497-4	1997	17beta-HSD6 is a member of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family and shares 65% sequence identity with retinol dehydrogenase 1 (RoDH1), which catalyzes the oxidation of retinol to retinal.	Vitamin A	112-119	retinol dehydrogenase 5	Homo sapiens	137-142
9202181-0	1997	Retinol free and retinol complexed beta-lactoglobulin binding sites in bovine germ cells.	Vitamin A	17-24	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	35-53
9193722-1	1997	In the adult, as well as in the embryo, a number of specific extra- and intracellular binding proteins such as the plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the cellular retinol binding protein type I (CRBP I), and also the cellular receptors for RBP are thought to regulate transport and metabolism of retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	122-129	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	147-150
9193722-1	1997	In the adult, as well as in the embryo, a number of specific extra- and intracellular binding proteins such as the plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the cellular retinol binding protein type I (CRBP I), and also the cellular receptors for RBP are thought to regulate transport and metabolism of retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	308-317	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	115-145
9193722-1	1997	In the adult, as well as in the embryo, a number of specific extra- and intracellular binding proteins such as the plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the cellular retinol binding protein type I (CRBP I), and also the cellular receptors for RBP are thought to regulate transport and metabolism of retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	308-317	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	147-150
9193722-1	1997	In the adult, as well as in the embryo, a number of specific extra- and intracellular binding proteins such as the plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the cellular retinol binding protein type I (CRBP I), and also the cellular receptors for RBP are thought to regulate transport and metabolism of retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	308-317	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	157-189
9193722-1	1997	In the adult, as well as in the embryo, a number of specific extra- and intracellular binding proteins such as the plasma retinol binding protein (RBP), the cellular retinol binding protein type I (CRBP I), and also the cellular receptors for RBP are thought to regulate transport and metabolism of retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	308-317	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	198-204
9193722-7	1997	The chorio-allantoic placenta, on the other hand, does not appear to have this capacity, while the presence of CRBP I does suggest a retinol-metabolizing capability.	Vitamin A	133-140	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	111-117
9240560-10	1997	RAR beta/RAR gamma double mutants show major ocular defects including a shortening of the ventral retina and pre-natal retinal dysplasia, both of which represent the only abnormalities of the fetal vitamin-A deficiency (VAD) syndrome not previously detected in RAR beta2/RAR gamma compound mutants.	Vitamin A	198-207	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Mus musculus	0-8
9240560-10	1997	RAR beta/RAR gamma double mutants show major ocular defects including a shortening of the ventral retina and pre-natal retinal dysplasia, both of which represent the only abnormalities of the fetal vitamin-A deficiency (VAD) syndrome not previously detected in RAR beta2/RAR gamma compound mutants.	Vitamin A	198-207	retinoic acid receptor, gamma	Mus musculus	9-18
9268918-7	1997	Retinol increased the expression of osteopontin mRNA in a range from 1 to 100 nm.	Vitamin A	0-7	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Mus musculus	36-47
9249731-7	1997	Basal production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production were significantly elevated in Kupffer cells isolated from rats treated with vitamin A.	Vitamin A	176-185	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	20-47
9249731-7	1997	Basal production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production were significantly elevated in Kupffer cells isolated from rats treated with vitamin A.	Vitamin A	176-185	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	49-58
9178822-1	1997	The synthetic retinoid 4-HPR has been shown to markedly lower the plasma concentration of both retinol and RBP in rats and humans.	Vitamin A	95-102	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	25-28
9178822-2	1997	We have studied the effect of 4-HPR on the secretion of retinol-RBP from liver cells in vivo and in vitro.	Vitamin A	56-63	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	32-35
9178822-2	1997	We have studied the effect of 4-HPR on the secretion of retinol-RBP from liver cells in vivo and in vitro.	Vitamin A	56-63	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	64-67
9178822-5	1997	In control rats, the lymph-derived [3H]retinol peaked after about 2 hr, whereas 4-HPR treatment effectively reduced this peak of [3H]retinol.	Vitamin A	133-140	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	82-85
9178822-6	1997	Our results suggest that 4-HPR inhibits secretion of retinol-RBP from the liver.	Vitamin A	53-60	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	27-30
9178822-6	1997	Our results suggest that 4-HPR inhibits secretion of retinol-RBP from the liver.	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	61-64
9178822-8	1997	Retinol and 4-HPR were found to induce the secretion of RBP.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	56-59
9178822-11	1997	When the medium from cells incubated with either 4-HPR or retinol was applied to a TTR affinity column, we found that RBP from cells incubated with 4-HPR had a considerably reduced affinity for TTR.	Vitamin A	58-65	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	83-86
9178822-11	1997	When the medium from cells incubated with either 4-HPR or retinol was applied to a TTR affinity column, we found that RBP from cells incubated with 4-HPR had a considerably reduced affinity for TTR.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	118-121
9178822-11	1997	When the medium from cells incubated with either 4-HPR or retinol was applied to a TTR affinity column, we found that RBP from cells incubated with 4-HPR had a considerably reduced affinity for TTR.	Vitamin A	58-65	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	150-153
9178822-11	1997	When the medium from cells incubated with either 4-HPR or retinol was applied to a TTR affinity column, we found that RBP from cells incubated with 4-HPR had a considerably reduced affinity for TTR.	Vitamin A	58-65	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	194-197
9178822-13	1997	This observation may explain the 4-HPR-induced reduction of plasma retinol and RBP observed in in vivo studies.	Vitamin A	67-74	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	35-38
9202400-3	1997	That a retinoid is the predominant inducer of P4502C7 at the cellular level is evident from studies performed with primary hepatocytes, but it became clear that GH is a prerequisite for the vitamin A effect in vivo.	Vitamin A	190-199	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	161-163
9174604-2	1997	We here provide evidence that the vitamin A metabolites all-trans and 13-cis retinoic acid up-regulate CD43 on human leukemic (HMC-1) mast cells, as determined by flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, and by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.	Vitamin A	34-43	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	103-107
9174604-6	1997	Possibly, vitamin A metabolites act directly on the CD43 gene, since putative retinoic acid response elements have been detected within its regulatory regions.	Vitamin A	10-19	sialophorin	Homo sapiens	52-56
9097017-3	1997	Previous studies in mouse skin have shown that retinol oxidation is catalyzed by a cytosolic retinol dehydrogenase that may be a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme family.	Vitamin A	47-54	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	93-114
9095004-7	1997	The introduction of 6.0-hMet 30 into the ttr-/- mice significantly increased their depressed serum levels of T4 and retinol-binding protein, suggesting that human TTR Met 30 binds T4 and retinol-binding protein in vivo.	Vitamin A	116-123	transthyretin	Mus musculus	41-47
9095004-7	1997	The introduction of 6.0-hMet 30 into the ttr-/- mice significantly increased their depressed serum levels of T4 and retinol-binding protein, suggesting that human TTR Met 30 binds T4 and retinol-binding protein in vivo.	Vitamin A	116-123	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	163-166
9097017-3	1997	Previous studies in mouse skin have shown that retinol oxidation is catalyzed by a cytosolic retinol dehydrogenase that may be a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme family.	Vitamin A	47-54	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	166-169
9097017-4	1997	Analysis of the ADH family has shown that class IV ADH is the most efficient isozyme for retinol oxidation but that other isozymes can catalyze this reaction.	Vitamin A	89-96	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	16-19
9097017-4	1997	Analysis of the ADH family has shown that class IV ADH is the most efficient isozyme for retinol oxidation but that other isozymes can catalyze this reaction.	Vitamin A	89-96	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	48-54
9097025-2	1997	Retinoid signaling involves a two-step metabolic event in which retinol is first converted to retinal, and then retinal is converted to the active ligand retinoic acid, which modulates the transcriptional activity of a nuclear retinoic acid receptor (RAR).	Vitamin A	64-71	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	251-254
9097025-9	1997	Thus, ADH-IV and ALDH-1, two metabolic enzymes able to convert retinol to retinoic acid, are both initially expressed in primitive streak mesoderm at E7.5 when retinoic acid is first detectable.	Vitamin A	63-70	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	17-23
9109605-1	1997	Previous studies showed a higher percentage of neutrophils from vitamin A deficient rats are hypersegmented and contain lower levels of cathepsin G than the neutrophils from control rats.	Vitamin A	64-73	cathepsin G	Rattus norvegicus	136-147
9153961-2	1997	In physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	139-146	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	164-167
9153961-2	1997	In physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	139-146	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	272-275
9153961-2	1997	In physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	201-208	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	139-162
9153961-2	1997	In physiological conditions, these cells play pivotal roles in the regulation of retinoid homeostasis; they express specific receptors for retinol-binding protein (RBP), a binding protein specific for retinol, on their cell surface, and take up the complex of retinol and RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	201-208	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	164-167
9122176-2	1997	Expression of the MGP gene is regulated by various growth factors, steroid hormones, and the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA).	Vitamin A	93-102	matrix Gla protein	Homo sapiens	18-21
9028877-2	1997	Previous studies had suggested that absorption of retinol from the retinol:retinol-binding protein complex (retinol:RBP) might be receptor mediated.	Vitamin A	50-57	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
9028877-2	1997	Previous studies had suggested that absorption of retinol from the retinol:retinol-binding protein complex (retinol:RBP) might be receptor mediated.	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
9028877-3	1997	We investigated the specificity of this process by determining the absorption of retinol from retinol:RBP by small intestinal sheets obtained from the suckling rat.	Vitamin A	81-88	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
9028877-4	1997	We found that the absorption of retinol from retinol:RBP was a saturable process.	Vitamin A	32-39	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
9028877-4	1997	We found that the absorption of retinol from retinol:RBP was a saturable process.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
9028877-5	1997	Unlike the absorption of free retinol, absorption of retinol from retinol:RBP was not inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide.	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
9249731-8	1997	Lastly, peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) isolated from rats treated with vitamin A for 7 days had a significantly greater respiratory activity, as well as TNF-alpha and PGE2 production, than PBMC isolated from control rats.	Vitamin A	74-83	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	156-165
9028877-5	1997	Unlike the absorption of free retinol, absorption of retinol from retinol:RBP was not inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide.	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
9028877-7	1997	This suggests that a specific mechanism is present for the absorption of retinol bound to RBP.	Vitamin A	73-80	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
9037178-1	1997	The cellular retinol binding proteins, CRBP and CRBP II, are implicated in the cellular uptake of retinol and intracellular trafficking of retinol between sites of metabolic processing.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
9037178-1	1997	The cellular retinol binding proteins, CRBP and CRBP II, are implicated in the cellular uptake of retinol and intracellular trafficking of retinol between sites of metabolic processing.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	48-55
9037178-1	1997	The cellular retinol binding proteins, CRBP and CRBP II, are implicated in the cellular uptake of retinol and intracellular trafficking of retinol between sites of metabolic processing.	Vitamin A	98-105	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
9037178-1	1997	The cellular retinol binding proteins, CRBP and CRBP II, are implicated in the cellular uptake of retinol and intracellular trafficking of retinol between sites of metabolic processing.	Vitamin A	98-105	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	48-55
9037178-1	1997	The cellular retinol binding proteins, CRBP and CRBP II, are implicated in the cellular uptake of retinol and intracellular trafficking of retinol between sites of metabolic processing.	Vitamin A	98-105	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
9037178-1	1997	The cellular retinol binding proteins, CRBP and CRBP II, are implicated in the cellular uptake of retinol and intracellular trafficking of retinol between sites of metabolic processing.	Vitamin A	98-105	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	48-55
9037178-2	1997	19F-NMR studies of retinol transfer between CRBP and CRBP II and phospholipid vesicles, using either fluorine-labeled ligand or protein, demonstrated that there was significantly more transfer of retinol from CRBP II to lipid vesicles than from CRBP.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
9037178-2	1997	19F-NMR studies of retinol transfer between CRBP and CRBP II and phospholipid vesicles, using either fluorine-labeled ligand or protein, demonstrated that there was significantly more transfer of retinol from CRBP II to lipid vesicles than from CRBP.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	53-60
9037178-2	1997	19F-NMR studies of retinol transfer between CRBP and CRBP II and phospholipid vesicles, using either fluorine-labeled ligand or protein, demonstrated that there was significantly more transfer of retinol from CRBP II to lipid vesicles than from CRBP.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
9037178-2	1997	19F-NMR studies of retinol transfer between CRBP and CRBP II and phospholipid vesicles, using either fluorine-labeled ligand or protein, demonstrated that there was significantly more transfer of retinol from CRBP II to lipid vesicles than from CRBP.	Vitamin A	196-203	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
9037178-2	1997	19F-NMR studies of retinol transfer between CRBP and CRBP II and phospholipid vesicles, using either fluorine-labeled ligand or protein, demonstrated that there was significantly more transfer of retinol from CRBP II to lipid vesicles than from CRBP.	Vitamin A	196-203	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	53-60
9070250-4	1997	Vitamin A-deficient animals were also fed diets containing 0.01% and 0.1% retinol palmitate, resulting in a similar pattern of SCD1 mRNA induction.	Vitamin A	0-9	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	127-131
9037178-2	1997	19F-NMR studies of retinol transfer between CRBP and CRBP II and phospholipid vesicles, using either fluorine-labeled ligand or protein, demonstrated that there was significantly more transfer of retinol from CRBP II to lipid vesicles than from CRBP.	Vitamin A	196-203	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	209-216
9070250-7	1997	A receptor-saturating dose of thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine, repressed vitamin A-elevated SCD1 mRNA levels in vivo.	Vitamin A	75-84	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	94-98
9037178-2	1997	19F-NMR studies of retinol transfer between CRBP and CRBP II and phospholipid vesicles, using either fluorine-labeled ligand or protein, demonstrated that there was significantly more transfer of retinol from CRBP II to lipid vesicles than from CRBP.	Vitamin A	196-203	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
9815667-5	1997	The aim of this study was to determine whether the expression of TGF-beta1 was altered in patients enrolled in a clinical trial designed to test the therapeutic efficacy of beta-carotene, a carotenoid metabolized to retinol, in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	Vitamin A	216-223	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	65-74
9068947-8	1997	The matrix metalloproteinases at 90/92 kDa (gelatinase B) and 66/63/57 kDa (gelatinase A) were significantly decreased in the corneas of the vitamin A deficient rats relative to the control corneas.	Vitamin A	141-150	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	76-88
9003000-7	1997	Whereas both cell populations activate latent TGF beta, only mature osteoclasts respond to retinol with an increase in activation of latent TGF beta over basal levels.	Vitamin A	91-98	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	140-148
9003000-12	1997	Activation of latent TGF beta by retinol-treated mature cells was not blocked by inhibitors of plasmin, nor was activation by conditioned medium from precursor cells.	Vitamin A	33-40	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	21-29
9003000-13	1997	These data suggest that retinol-induced activation of latent TGF beta by osteoclasts is dependent on the stage of differentiation of these cells and the presence of other cell types, and that unlike other cell systems, the plasmin-plasminogen activator mechanism is not involved.	Vitamin A	24-31	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	61-69
9147140-2	1997	Retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding proteins may be esterified with long chain fatty acids by the enzyme lecithin: retinol acyltransferase or may be oxidized to retinoic acid metabolites used in the mechanism of action of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	0-7	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	111-144
9147140-2	1997	Retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding proteins may be esterified with long chain fatty acids by the enzyme lecithin: retinol acyltransferase or may be oxidized to retinoic acid metabolites used in the mechanism of action of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	26-33	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	111-144
9013432-9	1997	Plasma levels of vitamin A carrier protein (RBP), however, were elevated in diabetic subjects, possibly as a result of hyperinsulinemia.	Vitamin A	17-26	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	44-47
9013432-12	1997	CONCLUSIONS: The plasma concentration of RBP was elevated in diabetic subjects and was associated with normal circulatory availability of retinol.	Vitamin A	138-145	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	41-44
9071982-7	1997	In adult testes blocked at germ cell development by vitamin A depletion or hypophysectomy, TR2-11 expression was dramatically reduced whereas TR2-11-t was highly elevated.	Vitamin A	52-61	nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group C, member 1	Mus musculus	91-97
9071982-7	1997	In adult testes blocked at germ cell development by vitamin A depletion or hypophysectomy, TR2-11 expression was dramatically reduced whereas TR2-11-t was highly elevated.	Vitamin A	52-61	nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group C, member 1	Mus musculus	91-94
9039821-3	1997	The specific activity of lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) was approximately 10-fold greater in the nonparenchymal cell than the hepatocyte fraction from both vitamin A-sufficient and retinoid-treated rats.	Vitamin A	165-174	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	25-57
9042131-1	1997	OBJECTIVE: To examine serum levels of retinol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and alpha-tocopherol and their potential determinants in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).	Vitamin A	38-45	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	156-158
9027729-6	1997	Epo secretion significantly increased to 674 +/- 92 mU/g kidney (N = 7) when vitamins A (0.5 microgram/ml), E (0.5 microgram/ml) and C (10 micrograms/ml) in combination were added to the perfusion medium.	Vitamin A	77-87	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9027729-8	1997	Vitamin A induced a dose-dependent increase (half-maximal stimulation at 0.2 microgram/ml) in the production of immunoreactive Epo during 24 hours of incubation (such as 680 +/- 51 U Epo/g cell protein in HepG2 cultures with 3 micrograms/ml retinol acetate compared to 261 +/- 15 U/g in untreated controls; N = 4).	Vitamin A	0-9	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
9027729-8	1997	Vitamin A induced a dose-dependent increase (half-maximal stimulation at 0.2 microgram/ml) in the production of immunoreactive Epo during 24 hours of incubation (such as 680 +/- 51 U Epo/g cell protein in HepG2 cultures with 3 micrograms/ml retinol acetate compared to 261 +/- 15 U/g in untreated controls; N = 4).	Vitamin A	0-9	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	183-186
9027729-10	1997	Thus, while vitamins E and C may have the potential to protect cells from oxidative damage, vitamin A exerts a specific stimulation of Epo production.	Vitamin A	92-101	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
9027729-11	1997	Preliminary evidence suggests that this effect of vitamin A involves increased mRNA levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha).	Vitamin A	50-59	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	94-126
9027729-11	1997	Preliminary evidence suggests that this effect of vitamin A involves increased mRNA levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha).	Vitamin A	50-59	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	128-139
9013704-7	1997	When CRBP expression was repressed by elevating intracellular cyclic AMP levels, the ability of retinol, but not retinoic acid, to block estrogen-induced changes in keratin expression was severely compromised.	Vitamin A	96-103	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-9
9013704-8	1997	These results support a critical role for CRBP in cervical cell responsiveness to circulating retinoids (primarily retinol).	Vitamin A	115-122	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
9363838-0	1997	UDP-GT involvement in the enhancement of cell proliferation in thyroid follicular cell proliferative lesions in rats treated with thiourea and vitamin A.	Vitamin A	143-152	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
9002638-3	1997	Here we have examined mouse testis and epididymis for the presence of endogenous retinoic acid and for the expression of genes encoding class I and class IV alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH), both of which catalyze retinol oxidation, the rate-limiting step in the conversion of retinol to retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	210-217	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	181-184
9002638-3	1997	Here we have examined mouse testis and epididymis for the presence of endogenous retinoic acid and for the expression of genes encoding class I and class IV alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH), both of which catalyze retinol oxidation, the rate-limiting step in the conversion of retinol to retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	273-280	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	181-184
9181129-12	1997	RAR alpha beta, RAR alpha gamma and RAR beta gamma compound mutants exhibit all the malformations of the fetal VAD syndrome, thus demonstrating that RA is the vitamin A derivative which plays a crucial role at many different stages and in different structures during organogenesis.	Vitamin A	159-168	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	0-9
9607169-1	1997	The discovery and development of information surrounding the retinoic acid receptors (RAR and RXR) has ushered in a new era in understanding the molecular mechanism of action of vitamin A in embryonic development and cellular differentiation.	Vitamin A	178-187	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	86-89
9607169-1	1997	The discovery and development of information surrounding the retinoic acid receptors (RAR and RXR) has ushered in a new era in understanding the molecular mechanism of action of vitamin A in embryonic development and cellular differentiation.	Vitamin A	178-187	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	94-97
22358529-3	1997	rbeta-LG showed almost the same retinol-binding ability as native beta-LG purified from bovine milk.	Vitamin A	32-39	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	1-8
9043938-12	1997	We conclude that retinol and retinoid acids (13-cis, all trans-) may alter the human colonic immune system possibly via IL-1 cytokine, but not via IL-6.	Vitamin A	17-24	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	120-124
9093548-2	1997	The most significant change in serum iron (P = 0.0005) and transferrin saturation (P = 0.0002) was seen in subjects with plasma retinol > or = 40 micrograms/dl, while subjects with plasma retinol < 20 micrograms/dl showed no response.	Vitamin A	128-135	transferrin	Homo sapiens	59-70
9093548-4	1997	Changes in vitamin A status correlated positively and significantly with changes in serum iron (r = 0.37; P = 0.0001) transferrin saturation (r = 0.27; P = 0.004) and haemoglobin (r = 0.21; P = 0.03), but negatively with serum ferritin (r = -0.28; P = 0.003).	Vitamin A	11-20	transferrin	Homo sapiens	118-129
9040537-1	1997	Cellular retinol binding protein II (CRBPII) is an abundant small intestinal protein that facilitates vitamin A trafficking and metabolism.	Vitamin A	102-111	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-35
9040537-1	1997	Cellular retinol binding protein II (CRBPII) is an abundant small intestinal protein that facilitates vitamin A trafficking and metabolism.	Vitamin A	102-111	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	37-43
9040537-2	1997	The magnitude of retinol uptake and metabolism correlate to CRBPII levels in the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	60-66
9182860-2	1997	Compared to the normal testis, expression of 110 K AR was up-regulated by vitamin A withdrawal, whereas 51 K RAR alpha remained unchanged.	Vitamin A	74-83	androgen receptor	Rattus norvegicus	51-53
9182860-4	1997	Readministration of retinol caused a marked decrease of AR in the VAD testis.	Vitamin A	20-27	androgen receptor	Rattus norvegicus	56-58
9182860-8	1997	The intensity of the 51 K RAR beta band remained constant before and after the administration of retinol, but it had a slight up-shift at 6 h after retinol injection, suggesting post-translational modification of the receptor.	Vitamin A	97-104	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	26-34
9182860-9	1997	The inhibin alpha-subunit of 18 K protein was undetectable in the VAD testis and increased to above normal level at 24 h after retinol administration.	Vitamin A	127-134	inhibin subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	4-25
9182860-11	1997	The intensity of immunostaining declined in all AR-positive cells after the injection of retinol, but the decrease was more evident in Sertoli than in other cells.	Vitamin A	89-96	androgen receptor	Rattus norvegicus	48-50
9182860-13	1997	The regulation of the inhibin alpha-subunit by retinol in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells detected by immunohistochemistry was correlated to the results in immunoblotting.	Vitamin A	47-54	inhibin subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	22-43
9381704-4	1997	A slight decline in alpha-tocopherol and retinol levels the Rtb group was matched by a relevant rise in blood-plasma in the ALL group.	Vitamin A	41-48	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
9116160-3	1997	Characterization of RAR alpha expression revealed the time and location of the vitamin A requirement during spermatogenesis.	Vitamin A	79-88	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	20-29
8961274-5	1996	However, whereas retinoic acid receptor can inhibit ligand-dependent RXR activation, NGFI-B and Nurr1 allow efficient RXR activation through DR5 elements and thus define a distinct pathway for vitamin A signaling.	Vitamin A	193-202	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1	Mus musculus	85-91
31195509-1	1996	The effect of the application of CO2 for extending the storage life of raw cow"s milk on the retention of some vitamins-all-trans-retinol, 13-cis-retinol, beta-carotene, alpha tocopherol, gamma tocopherol, thiamin and riboflavin-and on the growth of psychrotrophic spoilage bacteria has been studied.	Vitamin A	120-137	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	81-85
8961274-5	1996	However, whereas retinoic acid receptor can inhibit ligand-dependent RXR activation, NGFI-B and Nurr1 allow efficient RXR activation through DR5 elements and thus define a distinct pathway for vitamin A signaling.	Vitamin A	193-202	nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2	Mus musculus	96-101
8961274-5	1996	However, whereas retinoic acid receptor can inhibit ligand-dependent RXR activation, NGFI-B and Nurr1 allow efficient RXR activation through DR5 elements and thus define a distinct pathway for vitamin A signaling.	Vitamin A	193-202	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10b	Mus musculus	141-144
8990480-10	1996	On the other hand, the patient had a low blood concentration of vitamin A, which is thought to play some role in the production of CSF.	Vitamin A	64-73	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	131-134
8990480-11	1996	The results of RIC suggested that the patient may have become symptomatic because of undetectable CSF leakage or hyperabsorption, but diminished production of CSF due to lower blood vitamin A concentrations may also have been a factor predisposing to this syndrome.	Vitamin A	182-191	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	159-162
8972739-5	1996	The vitamin A deficient rats had a four times higher T-cell proliferative response and a two times higher interferon-gamma production in vitro than the control animals.	Vitamin A	4-13	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	106-122
9001362-3	1996	The influenza-specific salivary IgA response was lower in the vitamin A-deficient mice (0.11 +/- 0.13% of total IgA 4 wk after infection) than in controls with free access to food (2.73 +/- 1.86%, P < 0.0001).	Vitamin A	62-71	CD79A antigen (immunoglobulin-associated alpha)	Mus musculus	32-35
9001362-3	1996	The influenza-specific salivary IgA response was lower in the vitamin A-deficient mice (0.11 +/- 0.13% of total IgA 4 wk after infection) than in controls with free access to food (2.73 +/- 1.86%, P < 0.0001).	Vitamin A	62-71	CD79A antigen (immunoglobulin-associated alpha)	Mus musculus	112-115
9001362-5	1996	In addition, fewer influenza A-specific IgA-secreting plasma cells were found in the salivary glands of vitamin A-deficient mice (geometric mean 3.0%) than in controls with free access to food or in pair-fed controls (geometric mean 8.7%, P < 0.0001).	Vitamin A	104-113	CD79A antigen (immunoglobulin-associated alpha)	Mus musculus	40-43
9001362-6	1996	Although the pathogen-specific IgA response was decreased, vitamin A-deficient mice had a significantly higher concentration of total salivary IgA (31.9 +/- 15.9 mg/L) than did the pair-fed controls (14.3 +/- 8.4 mg/L, P < 0.0001).	Vitamin A	59-68	CD79A antigen (immunoglobulin-associated alpha)	Mus musculus	143-146
9001362-7	1996	Northern blot analysis of salivary gland RNA revealed that these vitamin A-deficient mice also had greater levels of mRNA of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), which transports IgA across mucosal surfaces (plgR: beta-actin mRNA ratio = 7.8 +/- 0.8), than did pair-fed control mice (3.7 +/- 0.4, P = 0.0001).	Vitamin A	65-74	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Mus musculus	129-162
9001362-7	1996	Northern blot analysis of salivary gland RNA revealed that these vitamin A-deficient mice also had greater levels of mRNA of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), which transports IgA across mucosal surfaces (plgR: beta-actin mRNA ratio = 7.8 +/- 0.8), than did pair-fed control mice (3.7 +/- 0.4, P = 0.0001).	Vitamin A	65-74	polymeric immunoglobulin receptor	Mus musculus	164-168
9001362-7	1996	Northern blot analysis of salivary gland RNA revealed that these vitamin A-deficient mice also had greater levels of mRNA of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), which transports IgA across mucosal surfaces (plgR: beta-actin mRNA ratio = 7.8 +/- 0.8), than did pair-fed control mice (3.7 +/- 0.4, P = 0.0001).	Vitamin A	65-74	CD79A antigen (immunoglobulin-associated alpha)	Mus musculus	188-191
9001362-7	1996	Northern blot analysis of salivary gland RNA revealed that these vitamin A-deficient mice also had greater levels of mRNA of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR), which transports IgA across mucosal surfaces (plgR: beta-actin mRNA ratio = 7.8 +/- 0.8), than did pair-fed control mice (3.7 +/- 0.4, P = 0.0001).	Vitamin A	65-74	actin, beta	Mus musculus	223-233
9017502-8	1996	Whatever the vitamin A status, TPN may induce in rats a down-regulation of hepatic RBP synthesis, which may, at least partially, explain the alteration of retinol and RBP in serum.	Vitamin A	155-162	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
8950196-3	1996	We found that neutrophils from vitamin A-deficient rats had lower levels of two cathepsin G-like enzymes (28 and 24 kDa) when compared to neutrophils from weight-matched pair-fed rats, vitamin A-deficient rats which were repleted with retinyl palmitate and nonrestricted vitamin A complete diet rats.	Vitamin A	31-40	cathepsin G	Rattus norvegicus	80-91
8975775-0	1996	The role of inflammatory cells and cytochrome P450 in the potentiation of CCl4-induced liver injury by a single dose of retinol.	Vitamin A	120-127	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-50
8975775-0	1996	The role of inflammatory cells and cytochrome P450 in the potentiation of CCl4-induced liver injury by a single dose of retinol.	Vitamin A	120-127	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
8975775-2	1996	These studies were designed to determine if shorter dosing regimens of retinol potentiate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).	Vitamin A	71-78	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
8975775-3	1996	Initially, a single dose of retinol was shown to potentiate the hepatotoxicity of CCl4.	Vitamin A	28-35	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	82-86
8975775-8	1996	Retinol-pretreated rats showed a significant elevation in both enzyme leakage and centrilobular to midzonal necrosis compared to retinol vehicle controls following CCl4.	Vitamin A	0-7	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	164-168
8975775-10	1996	Immunohistochemical analysis of livers showed significant elevations in positive staining for ED2, ED1, and HIS48 in retinol-pretreated rats given CCl4.	Vitamin A	117-124	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
8975775-13	1996	While total cytochrome P450 was not increased, the activity and concentration of CYP2E1 were both significantly elevated after a single dose of retinol.	Vitamin A	144-151	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-87
8975775-14	1996	Hepatocytes isolated from 1-day retinol-treated rats were also more susceptible to CCl4 injury, a consequence that is most likely related to elevated CYP2E1 activity.	Vitamin A	32-39	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	150-156
8975775-15	1996	These findings suggest that a single pretreatment with retinol may potentiate CCl4 hepatotoxicity by multiple mechanisms which involve increased biotransformation and inflammatory cell activities.	Vitamin A	55-62	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
8857507-7	1996	When vitamin A-sufficient rats were fed a 4-HPR-supplemented diet for 30 d, LRAT activity differed significantly from control values in the liver (P < 0.0001) but not the small intestines.	Vitamin A	5-14	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
8994352-3	1996	Northern blots on Drosophila heads showed that mRNA of Rh1 (the predominant rhodopsin) was high in vitamin A replete controls, very low in deprived flies, and increased upon feeding carrot juice to deprived flies as early as 1 hr.	Vitamin A	99-108	neither inactivation nor afterpotential E	Drosophila melanogaster	55-58
8994352-3	1996	Northern blots on Drosophila heads showed that mRNA of Rh1 (the predominant rhodopsin) was high in vitamin A replete controls, very low in deprived flies, and increased upon feeding carrot juice to deprived flies as early as 1 hr.	Vitamin A	99-108	neither inactivation nor afterpotential E	Drosophila melanogaster	76-85
8900159-1	1996	Disregulation of vitamin A metabolism is able to generate different immunological effects, including altered response to infection, reduced IgG production, and differential regulation of cytokine gene expression (including interleukin-2 and -4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)).	Vitamin A	17-26	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	223-243
8900159-1	1996	Disregulation of vitamin A metabolism is able to generate different immunological effects, including altered response to infection, reduced IgG production, and differential regulation of cytokine gene expression (including interleukin-2 and -4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)).	Vitamin A	17-26	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	248-264
8900159-1	1996	Disregulation of vitamin A metabolism is able to generate different immunological effects, including altered response to infection, reduced IgG production, and differential regulation of cytokine gene expression (including interleukin-2 and -4 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)).	Vitamin A	17-26	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	266-275
8900159-2	1996	In particular, IFN-gamma gene expression is significantly affected by vitamin A and/or its derivatives (e.g. retinoic acid (RA)).	Vitamin A	70-79	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	15-24
8839511-11	1996	Significant positive correlations were found between plasma retinol concentrations at admission and age, weight, body mass index, triceps-skinfold-thickness percentile, midupper arm circumference percentile, plasma vitamin E, and RBP concentration, thus suggesting that better-nourished patients had more optimal vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	60-67	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	230-233
8839511-12	1996	At admission, plasma retinol concentrations were negatively correlated with maximum body temperature and CRP concentrations, which indicated that the body"s acute-phase response was associated with the depression in retinol concentrations.	Vitamin A	21-28	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	105-108
8843212-7	1996	Conversely, vitamin A may lessen acute Lyme arthritis pathology by blocking IFN-gamma and IL-12 synthesis.	Vitamin A	12-21	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	76-85
8823154-5	1996	Members of the alcohol dehydrogenase and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase enzyme families catalyze the reversible interconversion of retinol and retinal, the rate-limiting step, whereas members of the aldehyde dehydrogenase and cytochrome P450 enzyme families catalyze the irreversible oxidation of retinal to retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	136-143	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	15-36
8933739-4	1996	In particular we demonstrate that the amount of fibronectin secreted by the cells is reduced after retinol addition.	Vitamin A	99-106	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-59
8823154-5	1996	Members of the alcohol dehydrogenase and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase enzyme families catalyze the reversible interconversion of retinol and retinal, the rate-limiting step, whereas members of the aldehyde dehydrogenase and cytochrome P450 enzyme families catalyze the irreversible oxidation of retinal to retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	136-143	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	231-246
8823154-7	1996	Taking into account enzymatic properties and coenzyme preferences, a case can be made that class IV alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes retinol oxidation to provide retinal for retinoic acid synthesis, whereas microsomal retinol dehydrogenase (a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase) catalyzes the reduction of retinal to retinol to promote retinoid storage.	Vitamin A	132-139	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	100-121
8823154-7	1996	Taking into account enzymatic properties and coenzyme preferences, a case can be made that class IV alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes retinol oxidation to provide retinal for retinoic acid synthesis, whereas microsomal retinol dehydrogenase (a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase) catalyzes the reduction of retinal to retinol to promote retinoid storage.	Vitamin A	132-139	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	217-238
8856073-4	1996	Under identical experimental conditions, CETP activity was only minimally modified in the presence of all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	102-119	cholesteryl ester transfer protein	Homo sapiens	41-45
8798405-4	1996	Vitamin A fat tolerance tests showed that the area under the curves of the plasma excursions of retinyl ester in the LDLR(-/-), apoE(-/-), and apoE(-/-);LDLR(-/-) mice were 4, 12, and 12 times larger than those in wild-type mice.	Vitamin A	0-9	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	117-121
8798405-4	1996	Vitamin A fat tolerance tests showed that the area under the curves of the plasma excursions of retinyl ester in the LDLR(-/-), apoE(-/-), and apoE(-/-);LDLR(-/-) mice were 4, 12, and 12 times larger than those in wild-type mice.	Vitamin A	0-9	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	128-132
8798405-4	1996	Vitamin A fat tolerance tests showed that the area under the curves of the plasma excursions of retinyl ester in the LDLR(-/-), apoE(-/-), and apoE(-/-);LDLR(-/-) mice were 4, 12, and 12 times larger than those in wild-type mice.	Vitamin A	0-9	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	143-147
8798405-4	1996	Vitamin A fat tolerance tests showed that the area under the curves of the plasma excursions of retinyl ester in the LDLR(-/-), apoE(-/-), and apoE(-/-);LDLR(-/-) mice were 4, 12, and 12 times larger than those in wild-type mice.	Vitamin A	0-9	low density lipoprotein receptor	Mus musculus	153-157
8892527-3	1996	Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isozymes capable of metabolizing retinol include class I and class IV ADHs, with class III ADH unable to perform this function.	Vitamin A	61-68	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	0-21
8892527-3	1996	Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isozymes capable of metabolizing retinol include class I and class IV ADHs, with class III ADH unable to perform this function.	Vitamin A	61-68	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	23-26
8892527-3	1996	Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) isozymes capable of metabolizing retinol include class I and class IV ADHs, with class III ADH unable to perform this function.	Vitamin A	61-68	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	98-101
8694017-5	1996	The results indicated that > 95% of plasma [13C]tr beta C and [13C]retinol observed after dose A was derived from [13C]9c beta C.	Vitamin A	70-77	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	125-131
8810645-0	1996	Isolation and characterization of nucleolin gene as one of the vitamin A-responsive genes in airway epithelium by a palindromic primer-based mRNA differential display method.	Vitamin A	63-72	nucleolin	Homo sapiens	34-43
9063520-7	1996	The probability of developing visual complaints was significantly higher in patients with lower plasma retinol concentrations following 4-HPR treatment.	Vitamin A	103-110	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	138-141
8761448-10	1996	When incubations were performed at 37 degrees C the triacylglycerols of normal and apo E-free chylomicrons were hydrolysed by LPL and there was a significant uptake of [14C]fatty acids and [3H]retinol by the hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	193-200	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	83-88
8761448-11	1996	The addition of heparin or lactoferrin, a known inhibitor of hepatic uptake of chylomicron remnants, to the incubation medium inhibited the uptake of [3H]retinol, present in the lipoprotein core, but not the uptake of the [14C]fatty acids.	Vitamin A	154-161	lactotransferrin	Mus musculus	27-38
8768885-0	1996	Vitamin A and retinoic acid stimulate within minutes cAMP release and growth hormone secretion in human pituitary cells.	Vitamin A	0-9	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	70-84
8837730-0	1996	Inhibition by tunicamycin of mucin synthesis, not morphological changes, in epidermis during retinol-induced mucous metaplasia of chick embryonic cultured skin.	Vitamin A	93-100	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	29-34
8837730-7	1996	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that tunicamycin did not prevent morphological changes induced by retinol but inhibited mucin synthesis by a direct action on the epidermis of retinol-pretreated skin.	Vitamin A	177-184	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	122-127
8757759-8	1996	Topical application of trans-retinol (0.3%) significantly increased both epidermal thickness and cellular retinoic acid binding protein II mRNA, whereas 14-hydroxy-4,14-retro-retinol (0.3%) did not increase either of these well-characterized cutaneous retinoid responses.	Vitamin A	23-36	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	97-138
8906627-0	1996	Bacterially expressed rat retinol-binding protein is functional for retinol and transthyretin bindings.	Vitamin A	26-33	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	80-93
8906627-3	1996	The binding of retinol and transthyretin (TTR) to the recombinant RBP was monitored by means of gel filtration.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
8906627-4	1996	The recombinant RBP specifically bound to retinol with an affinity similar to that of purified RBP from rat serum.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
8906627-5	1996	Furthermore, the retinol-bound recombinant RBP formed hetero-complexes with TTR similar to RBP.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
8906627-5	1996	Furthermore, the retinol-bound recombinant RBP formed hetero-complexes with TTR similar to RBP.	Vitamin A	17-24	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
8906627-5	1996	Furthermore, the retinol-bound recombinant RBP formed hetero-complexes with TTR similar to RBP.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
8906627-6	1996	Thus, the results showed that the recombinant RBP expressed in E. coli is as functional as serum RBP in terms of retinol and TTR bindings.	Vitamin A	113-120	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
8906628-3	1996	The LRAT activity was assayed with dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine and either complex of retinol-cellular retinol-binding protein, type two or retinol-cellular retinol-binding protein in microsomal preparations of lung, duodenum and liver of 7-day-old chicks.	Vitamin A	87-94	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	4-8
8906628-3	1996	The LRAT activity was assayed with dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine and either complex of retinol-cellular retinol-binding protein, type two or retinol-cellular retinol-binding protein in microsomal preparations of lung, duodenum and liver of 7-day-old chicks.	Vitamin A	104-111	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	4-8
8663198-7	1996	RalDH(II) also can utilize as substrate retinal generated in situ by microsomal retinol dehydrogenases, from the physiologically most abundant substrate: retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	80-87	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
8669421-5	1996	In severe malaria only, both retinol and alpha-tocopherol correlated with albumin, ceruloplasmin, and RBP concentrations whereas in all three groups retinol correlated with RBP and alpha-tocopherol correlated with cholesterol (all P < 0.01)).	Vitamin A	29-36	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	83-96
8669421-5	1996	In severe malaria only, both retinol and alpha-tocopherol correlated with albumin, ceruloplasmin, and RBP concentrations whereas in all three groups retinol correlated with RBP and alpha-tocopherol correlated with cholesterol (all P < 0.01)).	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	102-105
8669421-6	1996	Using multivariate analysis on data from all patients combined, cholesterol was the most significant factor explaining the variance in alpha-tocopherol (29%) whereas RBP was responsible for 95% of the variance in retinol.	Vitamin A	213-220	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	166-169
8793052-0	1996	Expression of triosephosphate isomerase transcripts in rat testis: evidence for retinol regulation and a novel germ cell transcript.	Vitamin A	80-87	triosephosphate isomerase	Rattus norvegicus	14-39
8770937-2	1996	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a secreted protein that binds and solubilizes vitamin A for transport.	Vitamin A	79-88	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
8770937-2	1996	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a secreted protein that binds and solubilizes vitamin A for transport.	Vitamin A	79-88	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
8841765-3	1996	The retinol-binding proteins CRBP I and CRBP II appear to play an essential role in retinyl ester hydrolysis and formation and in retinoic acid formation.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	29-35
8841765-3	1996	The retinol-binding proteins CRBP I and CRBP II appear to play an essential role in retinyl ester hydrolysis and formation and in retinoic acid formation.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	40-47
8801166-2	1996	The rate-limiting step in RA synthesis is the oxidation of retinol, a reaction that can be catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH).	Vitamin A	59-66	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	127-130
8801166-3	1996	Ethanol is also a substrate for ADH, and high levels of ethanol inhibit ADH-catalyzed retinol oxidation.	Vitamin A	86-93	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	32-35
8801166-3	1996	Ethanol is also a substrate for ADH, and high levels of ethanol inhibit ADH-catalyzed retinol oxidation.	Vitamin A	86-93	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	72-75
8801166-8	1996	Thus, the observed ethanol-induced reduction in RA may be caused by ethanol inhibition of retinol oxidation catalyzed by class IV ADH.	Vitamin A	90-97	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	127-133
8801167-0	1996	Restoration of cytochrome P450 2C11 in vitamin A-deficient rat liver by exogenous androgen.	Vitamin A	39-48	cytochrome P450, subfamily 2, polypeptide 11	Rattus norvegicus	15-35
8801167-7	1996	The possibility was assessed that vitamin A can maintain the microsomal content of CYP2C11 in normal liver.	Vitamin A	34-43	cytochrome P450, subfamily 2, polypeptide 11	Rattus norvegicus	83-90
8663081-6	1996	Induction of LRAT by retinoic acid reduced conversion of retinol to retinoic acid by 50%.	Vitamin A	57-64	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	13-17
8663081-7	1996	This reduction in retinoic acid synthesis resulted from sequestration of retinol as retinyl esters, since inhibition of LRAT restored retinoic acid synthesis to control levels.	Vitamin A	73-80	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	120-124
8663081-9	1996	Regulation of LRAT activity by retinoic acid provides a novel mechanism through which retinoic acid can regulate its own level by controlling availability of retinol for conversion to retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	158-165	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	14-18
8645719-2	1996	In study 1, the ability of retinol or HPR to induce RBP secretion from the livers of vitamin A-deficient rats was compared.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
8645719-2	1996	In study 1, the ability of retinol or HPR to induce RBP secretion from the livers of vitamin A-deficient rats was compared.	Vitamin A	85-94	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
8645719-4	1996	Following retinol repletion, 80% of the accumulated RBP was rapidly secreted into the plasma.	Vitamin A	10-17	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
8645719-5	1996	In contrast, HPR treatment only induced two-thirds of the RBP secretion observed with retinol.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
8645719-6	1996	Prior colchicine treatment caused a large RBP accumulation in the Golgi-enriched fraction following retinol repletion.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
8645719-8	1996	In study 2, HPR treatment of vitamin A-adequate rats caused RBP to accumulate in the liver rough microsomes.	Vitamin A	29-38	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
8645719-9	1996	When vitamin A-adequate rats were treated with colchicine, the concentration of RBP in the Golgi-enriched fraction increased 2.9-fold.	Vitamin A	5-14	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
8645719-12	1996	Further, more RBP remained in the rough microsomes of HPR treated, vitamin A-adequate rats, indicating that HPR depressed the amount of RBP secreted.	Vitamin A	67-76	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
8645719-12	1996	Further, more RBP remained in the rough microsomes of HPR treated, vitamin A-adequate rats, indicating that HPR depressed the amount of RBP secreted.	Vitamin A	67-76	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
8644691-3	1996	An independent relation between increased intake of vitamin A and insulin action was shown, ie, the greater the intake of vitamin A, the more effective was insulin in stimulating glucose disposal.	Vitamin A	52-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
8644691-3	1996	An independent relation between increased intake of vitamin A and insulin action was shown, ie, the greater the intake of vitamin A, the more effective was insulin in stimulating glucose disposal.	Vitamin A	52-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	156-163
8644691-3	1996	An independent relation between increased intake of vitamin A and insulin action was shown, ie, the greater the intake of vitamin A, the more effective was insulin in stimulating glucose disposal.	Vitamin A	122-131	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
8644691-3	1996	An independent relation between increased intake of vitamin A and insulin action was shown, ie, the greater the intake of vitamin A, the more effective was insulin in stimulating glucose disposal.	Vitamin A	122-131	insulin	Homo sapiens	156-163
8644691-5	1996	These results suggest that vitamin A intake, but not intakes of vitamin C and E, fiber, fat, or carbohydrate is associated with enhanced insulin-mediated glucose disposal.	Vitamin A	27-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	137-144
8639713-1	1996	The retinol carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP) forms a complex with the thyroid hormone binding protein transthyretin in the plasma of a number of vertebrate species.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	20-43
8639713-1	1996	The retinol carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP) forms a complex with the thyroid hormone binding protein transthyretin in the plasma of a number of vertebrate species.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	45-48
8639713-1	1996	The retinol carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP) forms a complex with the thyroid hormone binding protein transthyretin in the plasma of a number of vertebrate species.	Vitamin A	4-11	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	107-120
8639713-4	1996	Although the natural ligand retinol participates in the interaction between retinol-RBP and transthyretin, its binding to RBP is not a prerequisite for protein-protein interaction.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	84-87
8639713-4	1996	Although the natural ligand retinol participates in the interaction between retinol-RBP and transthyretin, its binding to RBP is not a prerequisite for protein-protein interaction.	Vitamin A	28-35	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	92-105
8639713-4	1996	Although the natural ligand retinol participates in the interaction between retinol-RBP and transthyretin, its binding to RBP is not a prerequisite for protein-protein interaction.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	122-125
8639713-7	1996	The replacement of RBP-bound retinol with synthetic retinoids affects RBP-transthyretin recognition to an extent that appears to be well correlated with the nature and steric hindrance of the groups substituting the retinol hydroxyl group, consistent with their location at the interface between the contact areas of RBP and transthyretin.	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	19-22
8639713-7	1996	The replacement of RBP-bound retinol with synthetic retinoids affects RBP-transthyretin recognition to an extent that appears to be well correlated with the nature and steric hindrance of the groups substituting the retinol hydroxyl group, consistent with their location at the interface between the contact areas of RBP and transthyretin.	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	70-73
8639713-7	1996	The replacement of RBP-bound retinol with synthetic retinoids affects RBP-transthyretin recognition to an extent that appears to be well correlated with the nature and steric hindrance of the groups substituting the retinol hydroxyl group, consistent with their location at the interface between the contact areas of RBP and transthyretin.	Vitamin A	29-36	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	74-87
8639713-7	1996	The replacement of RBP-bound retinol with synthetic retinoids affects RBP-transthyretin recognition to an extent that appears to be well correlated with the nature and steric hindrance of the groups substituting the retinol hydroxyl group, consistent with their location at the interface between the contact areas of RBP and transthyretin.	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	70-73
8639713-7	1996	The replacement of RBP-bound retinol with synthetic retinoids affects RBP-transthyretin recognition to an extent that appears to be well correlated with the nature and steric hindrance of the groups substituting the retinol hydroxyl group, consistent with their location at the interface between the contact areas of RBP and transthyretin.	Vitamin A	29-36	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	325-338
8722633-2	1996	The action of vitamin A in male reproduction is postulated to be mediated at least partly by retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RAR alpha).	Vitamin A	14-23	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	93-121
8722633-2	1996	The action of vitamin A in male reproduction is postulated to be mediated at least partly by retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RAR alpha).	Vitamin A	14-23	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	123-132
8664978-1	1996	Retinol, the precursor of the retinoic acid hormone, is transported in the serum by a specific carrier, the retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	108-131
8664978-1	1996	Retinol, the precursor of the retinoic acid hormone, is transported in the serum by a specific carrier, the retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	133-136
8664978-4	1996	To understand better the mechanism of retinol transport, we have developed a new analytical strategy to analyze the various forms of RBP that circulate in the blood: RBP with and without retinol (holo- and apo-RBP, respectively), RBP bound or not to transthyretin (TTR) and to determine in which of these forms RBP2 circulates.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	133-136
8664978-7	1996	This observation suggests that the high levels of free holo-RBP, not bound to TTR, which correspond to the increase in total RBPs measured in CRF serum, may alter the tissue uptake of retinol and be responsible for the signs of hypervitaminosis A observed in these patients.	Vitamin A	184-191	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	60-63
8725149-1	1996	The acute inflammatory response to tissue injury and infection is associated with low concentrations of plasma retinol and its specific transport proteins, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	111-118	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	156-179
8725149-1	1996	The acute inflammatory response to tissue injury and infection is associated with low concentrations of plasma retinol and its specific transport proteins, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	111-118	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	181-184
8725149-1	1996	The acute inflammatory response to tissue injury and infection is associated with low concentrations of plasma retinol and its specific transport proteins, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	111-118	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	205-208
8725149-9	1996	We infer from these data that inflammation-induced hyporetinemia results from a reduction in the hepatic synthesis of RBP and secretion of the retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	143-150	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	151-154
8627517-6	1996	Concomitant treatment of animals with both PS and vitamin A followed by a CCl4 insult resulted in super-potentiation of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, suggesting that the mechanism of PS-enhanced hepatotoxicity differs from that caused by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	50-59	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
8627517-6	1996	Concomitant treatment of animals with both PS and vitamin A followed by a CCl4 insult resulted in super-potentiation of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity, suggesting that the mechanism of PS-enhanced hepatotoxicity differs from that caused by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	237-246	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
8609382-0	1996	Vitamin A down-regulation of IFN-gamma synthesis in cloned mouse Th1 lymphocytes depends on the CD28 costimulatory pathway.	Vitamin A	0-9	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	29-38
8621625-2	1996	Some members of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) family catalyze retinol oxidation, the rate-limiting step in RA synthesis.	Vitamin A	64-71	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Mus musculus	43-46
8609382-0	1996	Vitamin A down-regulation of IFN-gamma synthesis in cloned mouse Th1 lymphocytes depends on the CD28 costimulatory pathway.	Vitamin A	0-9	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	65-68
8609382-0	1996	Vitamin A down-regulation of IFN-gamma synthesis in cloned mouse Th1 lymphocytes depends on the CD28 costimulatory pathway.	Vitamin A	0-9	CD28 antigen	Mus musculus	96-100
8609382-2	1996	We showed that when retinol was low, there was excessive Th1 cell IFN-gamma synthesis and inadequate Th2 cell IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis.	Vitamin A	20-27	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	57-60
8609382-2	1996	We showed that when retinol was low, there was excessive Th1 cell IFN-gamma synthesis and inadequate Th2 cell IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis.	Vitamin A	20-27	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	66-75
8609382-2	1996	We showed that when retinol was low, there was excessive Th1 cell IFN-gamma synthesis and inadequate Th2 cell IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis.	Vitamin A	20-27	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	110-114
8609382-2	1996	We showed that when retinol was low, there was excessive Th1 cell IFN-gamma synthesis and inadequate Th2 cell IL-4 and IL-5 synthesis.	Vitamin A	20-27	interleukin 5	Mus musculus	119-123
8609382-3	1996	The retinol metabolite retinoic acid inhibited the IFN-gamma stimulatory activity of APCs, enhanced Th2 cell differentiation, and inhibited Th1 cell IFN-gamma synthesis.	Vitamin A	4-11	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	51-60
8609382-3	1996	The retinol metabolite retinoic acid inhibited the IFN-gamma stimulatory activity of APCs, enhanced Th2 cell differentiation, and inhibited Th1 cell IFN-gamma synthesis.	Vitamin A	4-11	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	140-143
8609382-3	1996	The retinol metabolite retinoic acid inhibited the IFN-gamma stimulatory activity of APCs, enhanced Th2 cell differentiation, and inhibited Th1 cell IFN-gamma synthesis.	Vitamin A	4-11	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	149-158
9627692-3	1996	Because 9-cis-retinoic acid receptors (RXRs) form heterodimers both with RARs and the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR), it is plausible that vitamin D3 may affect retinol metabolism if altered transcription is involved in the regulation of vitamin A-metabolizing enzymes.	Vitamin A	156-163	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	107-110
9627692-10	1996	Whether the effects are due to direct inhibition of cellular retinol uptake and metabolism or involve VDR-mediated transcriptional alteration of vitamin A metabolizing enzymes remains to be clarified.	Vitamin A	145-154	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	102-105
8793729-1	1996	Because of the consequent lack of photopigment chromophore, carotenoid/ retinoid (vitamin A) deprivation during the larval period of Drosophila leads to decreased rhodopsin in adult photoreceptors.	Vitamin A	82-91	neither inactivation nor afterpotential E	Drosophila melanogaster	163-172
8602309-4	1996	RESULTS: Compared with controls, women with HIV-1 infection and CD4 count below 200 cells/microliter exhibited 37% lower mean serum vitamin A levels (0.820 versus 1.308 micromol/L, P < .001) and 37% lower mean serum beta-carotene levels (1.486 versus 2.362 micromol/L, P < .001).	Vitamin A	132-141	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	64-67
8602309-6	1996	In addition, serum vitamin A levels correlated significantly with the percentage of CD4 lymphocytes (r = 0.589, P < .001), CD4 count (r = 0.772, P < .001), and CD4 to CD8 ratio (r = 0.593, P < .001).	Vitamin A	19-28	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	84-87
8602309-6	1996	In addition, serum vitamin A levels correlated significantly with the percentage of CD4 lymphocytes (r = 0.589, P < .001), CD4 count (r = 0.772, P < .001), and CD4 to CD8 ratio (r = 0.593, P < .001).	Vitamin A	19-28	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	126-129
8602309-6	1996	In addition, serum vitamin A levels correlated significantly with the percentage of CD4 lymphocytes (r = 0.589, P < .001), CD4 count (r = 0.772, P < .001), and CD4 to CD8 ratio (r = 0.593, P < .001).	Vitamin A	19-28	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	126-129
8602309-6	1996	In addition, serum vitamin A levels correlated significantly with the percentage of CD4 lymphocytes (r = 0.589, P < .001), CD4 count (r = 0.772, P < .001), and CD4 to CD8 ratio (r = 0.593, P < .001).	Vitamin A	19-28	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	173-176
8602309-8	1996	CONCLUSION: Compared with levels in uninfected women, serum vitamin A and beta-carotene are decreased in HIV-1-infected pregnant women in the first trimester with CD4 counts lower than 200 cells/microliter.	Vitamin A	60-69	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	163-166
9627692-3	1996	Because 9-cis-retinoic acid receptors (RXRs) form heterodimers both with RARs and the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR), it is plausible that vitamin D3 may affect retinol metabolism if altered transcription is involved in the regulation of vitamin A-metabolizing enzymes.	Vitamin A	233-242	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	107-110
8600986-1	1996	The complex of microsomal UDP-glucuronosyl transferases (UGT; EC 2.4.1.17) of rat liver catalyzes the formation of retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) from retinoic acid (RA) and retinyl beta-glucuronide (ROG) from retinol (ROL) in the presence of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA).	Vitamin A	211-218	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-55
8600986-1	1996	The complex of microsomal UDP-glucuronosyl transferases (UGT; EC 2.4.1.17) of rat liver catalyzes the formation of retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) from retinoic acid (RA) and retinyl beta-glucuronide (ROG) from retinol (ROL) in the presence of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA).	Vitamin A	211-218	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
8600986-1	1996	The complex of microsomal UDP-glucuronosyl transferases (UGT; EC 2.4.1.17) of rat liver catalyzes the formation of retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) from retinoic acid (RA) and retinyl beta-glucuronide (ROG) from retinol (ROL) in the presence of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA).	Vitamin A	220-223	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-55
8600986-1	1996	The complex of microsomal UDP-glucuronosyl transferases (UGT; EC 2.4.1.17) of rat liver catalyzes the formation of retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) from retinoic acid (RA) and retinyl beta-glucuronide (ROG) from retinol (ROL) in the presence of UDP-glucuronic acid (UDPGA).	Vitamin A	220-223	beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
8689030-0	1996	Morphological differentiation of astroglial progenitor cells from EGF-responsive neurospheres in response to fetal calf serum, basic fibroblast growth factor, and retinol.	Vitamin A	163-170	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
8617875-0	1996	Inhibition of TGF-alpha gene expression by vitamin A in airway epithelium.	Vitamin A	43-52	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	14-23
8617875-2	1996	By inhibiting the expression of the transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) gene product, vitamin A is able to suppress the proliferation of tracheobronchial epithelial cells in culture.	Vitamin A	95-104	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	36-68
8617875-2	1996	By inhibiting the expression of the transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) gene product, vitamin A is able to suppress the proliferation of tracheobronchial epithelial cells in culture.	Vitamin A	95-104	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	70-79
8617875-3	1996	Similar repressions in TGF-alpha mRNA levels by retinol were observed in airway explant cultures and in a cell line immortalized from normal human bronchial epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	48-55	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	23-32
8617875-4	1996	Both the nuclear run-on transcriptional assay and the transfection study with the chimeric construct of the TGF-alpha promoter and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene partly suggest a transcriptional downregulation mechanism of TGF-alpha gene expression by the retinol treatment; however, this inhibition at the transcriptional level cannot account for the total inhibition at the mRNA level.	Vitamin A	273-280	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	108-117
8617875-4	1996	Both the nuclear run-on transcriptional assay and the transfection study with the chimeric construct of the TGF-alpha promoter and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene partly suggest a transcriptional downregulation mechanism of TGF-alpha gene expression by the retinol treatment; however, this inhibition at the transcriptional level cannot account for the total inhibition at the mRNA level.	Vitamin A	273-280	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	240-249
8617875-5	1996	These results suggest that a downregulation of the expression of the TGF-alpha gene at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels by vitamin A may precede the essential event associated with the homeostasis of normal conducting airway epithelium.	Vitamin A	142-151	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	69-78
8699140-5	1996	To clarify the vitamin A action on estrogen-induced development in the oviduct, transcripts of nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) and all-trans-retinoic acid (RAR alpha, beta and gamma) receptors, which exert the effects of estrogen and vitamin A, were measured.	Vitamin A	15-24	estrogen receptor 1	Gallus gallus	103-120
8665801-9	1996	The incubation of RBP with 50 microM retinol enhanced the amount of both isoelectric variants present as fluorescent RBP, but uptake by isoelectric variant 1 was greater than that by isoelectric variant 2.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	18-21
8665801-9	1996	The incubation of RBP with 50 microM retinol enhanced the amount of both isoelectric variants present as fluorescent RBP, but uptake by isoelectric variant 1 was greater than that by isoelectric variant 2.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	117-120
8665801-10	1996	These data indicate that RBP can be purified from porcine allantoic fluid and suggest that the isoelectric variants may differ in their affinity for retinol.	Vitamin A	149-156	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
8606635-2	1996	Since vitamin A effects may be mediated through nuclear RA receptors (RARs) and cytoplasmic ROH- and RA-binding proteins (CRBP and CRABP), cells were also assayed for RARs, CRBP, and CRABP mRNA by Northern blot analyses.	Vitamin A	6-15	arginyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-68
8606635-2	1996	Since vitamin A effects may be mediated through nuclear RA receptors (RARs) and cytoplasmic ROH- and RA-binding proteins (CRBP and CRABP), cells were also assayed for RARs, CRBP, and CRABP mRNA by Northern blot analyses.	Vitamin A	6-15	arginyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
8699140-5	1996	To clarify the vitamin A action on estrogen-induced development in the oviduct, transcripts of nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) and all-trans-retinoic acid (RAR alpha, beta and gamma) receptors, which exert the effects of estrogen and vitamin A, were measured.	Vitamin A	15-24	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Gallus gallus	155-164
8699140-5	1996	To clarify the vitamin A action on estrogen-induced development in the oviduct, transcripts of nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) and all-trans-retinoic acid (RAR alpha, beta and gamma) receptors, which exert the effects of estrogen and vitamin A, were measured.	Vitamin A	233-242	estrogen receptor 1	Gallus gallus	103-120
8699140-5	1996	To clarify the vitamin A action on estrogen-induced development in the oviduct, transcripts of nuclear estrogen receptor (ER) and all-trans-retinoic acid (RAR alpha, beta and gamma) receptors, which exert the effects of estrogen and vitamin A, were measured.	Vitamin A	233-242	estrogen receptor 1	Gallus gallus	122-124
8699140-6	1996	The ER, RAR alpha and RAR beta genes, but not that of RAR gamma, were expressed during oviduct development, indicating that estrogen and vitamin A may control the expression of target genes through their cognate receptors.	Vitamin A	137-146	estrogen receptor 1	Gallus gallus	4-6
8699140-6	1996	The ER, RAR alpha and RAR beta genes, but not that of RAR gamma, were expressed during oviduct development, indicating that estrogen and vitamin A may control the expression of target genes through their cognate receptors.	Vitamin A	137-146	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Gallus gallus	8-17
8612621-8	1996	Compared with wild-type human transthyretin the avian transthyretin shows quite large differences in the region known to be involved in binding to retinol-binding protein, it has a much shorter helical component than the human protein and some of the monomer-monomer interactions are different.	Vitamin A	147-154	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	54-67
8699140-6	1996	The ER, RAR alpha and RAR beta genes, but not that of RAR gamma, were expressed during oviduct development, indicating that estrogen and vitamin A may control the expression of target genes through their cognate receptors.	Vitamin A	137-146	retinoic acid receptor beta	Gallus gallus	22-30
8827569-6	1996	In addition, retinol induced a 170% increase of EGF binding to rat hepatocytes and insulin induced a 120% increase of EGF binding, while amino acids (isoleucine and serine) had no effect on EGF binding.	Vitamin A	13-20	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
8575626-0	1996	Hensen"s node from vitamin A-deficient quail embryo induces chick limb bud duplication and retains its normal asymmetric expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh).	Vitamin A	19-28	sonic hedgehog	Gallus gallus	135-149
8575626-0	1996	Hensen"s node from vitamin A-deficient quail embryo induces chick limb bud duplication and retains its normal asymmetric expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh).	Vitamin A	19-28	sonic hedgehog	Gallus gallus	151-154
8575626-5	1996	Furthermore, whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed asymmetry of Shh expression in the Hensen"s node of both vitamin A-sufficient and -deficient quail embryos.	Vitamin A	113-122	sonic hedgehog	Gallus gallus	69-72
8549676-1	1996	Retinol binding protein (RBP), the retinol-specific carrier, circulates in blood as a 1:1 complex with the homotetrameric protein transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	35-42	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
8549676-1	1996	Retinol binding protein (RBP), the retinol-specific carrier, circulates in blood as a 1:1 complex with the homotetrameric protein transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	35-42	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
8549676-1	1996	Retinol binding protein (RBP), the retinol-specific carrier, circulates in blood as a 1:1 complex with the homotetrameric protein transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	35-42	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	130-143
8549676-1	1996	Retinol binding protein (RBP), the retinol-specific carrier, circulates in blood as a 1:1 complex with the homotetrameric protein transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	35-42	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	145-148
8726817-4	1996	Subsequent to DNA damage, the induction of repair enzymes poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase was found to be significantly higher in vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	162-171	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-85
8726817-4	1996	Subsequent to DNA damage, the induction of repair enzymes poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, DNA polymerase beta and DNA ligase was found to be significantly higher in vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	162-171	DNA polymerase beta	Rattus norvegicus	87-106
8541334-0	1995	Vitamin A contained in the lipid droplets of rat liver stellate cells is substrate for acid retinyl ester hydrolase.	Vitamin A	0-9	carboxylesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus	92-115
8964570-5	1996	There is strong evidence that RBP2 is formed in vitamin A target tissues, and that after its release into blood circulation, it is cleared by the kidney in healthy people but accumulates in the serum of CRF patients.	Vitamin A	48-57	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	30-34
8530418-2	1995	When binding to natural HREs, TR2 orphan receptor remains flexible with higher binding affinities to (a) cellular retinol-binding protein II promoter region (CRBPIIp) (DR1), SV40 +55 region (DR2), and retinoic acid response element beta (RARE beta) (DR5) than to (b) NGFI-B response element (NBRE) and also to (c) the palindromic thyroid hormone response element (TREpal).	Vitamin A	114-121	nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
8530418-2	1995	When binding to natural HREs, TR2 orphan receptor remains flexible with higher binding affinities to (a) cellular retinol-binding protein II promoter region (CRBPIIp) (DR1), SV40 +55 region (DR2), and retinoic acid response element beta (RARE beta) (DR5) than to (b) NGFI-B response element (NBRE) and also to (c) the palindromic thyroid hormone response element (TREpal).	Vitamin A	114-121	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	158-165
8749832-5	1995	In 1991, Duester and Pullarkat proposed that competition of ethanol with retinol at the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) binding site formed the basis of the FAS mechanism.	Vitamin A	73-80	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	88-109
8749832-5	1995	In 1991, Duester and Pullarkat proposed that competition of ethanol with retinol at the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) binding site formed the basis of the FAS mechanism.	Vitamin A	73-80	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	111-114
7491883-3	1995	Vitamin A status as indicated by serum retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations significantly decreased during experimental formula feeding at the lowest vitamin A intake.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-74
7491883-3	1995	Vitamin A status as indicated by serum retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations significantly decreased during experimental formula feeding at the lowest vitamin A intake.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	76-79
7491883-3	1995	Vitamin A status as indicated by serum retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations significantly decreased during experimental formula feeding at the lowest vitamin A intake.	Vitamin A	170-179	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	76-79
8749832-8	1995	Class I ADH catalyzes the rate-limiting step in oxidation of retinol (ROH) to RA, and ethanol (ETOH) to acetic acid, thus establishing competition for ADH between ROH and ETOH.	Vitamin A	61-68	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	8-11
8749832-8	1995	Class I ADH catalyzes the rate-limiting step in oxidation of retinol (ROH) to RA, and ethanol (ETOH) to acetic acid, thus establishing competition for ADH between ROH and ETOH.	Vitamin A	61-68	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	151-154
7487086-0	1995	Chronic vitamin A intake affects the expression of mRNA for apolipoprotein A-I, but not for nuclear retinoid receptors, in liver of young and aging Lewis rats.	Vitamin A	8-17	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	60-78
7588278-0	1995	Gene expression of retinoic acid receptors, retinoid-X receptors, and cellular retinol-binding protein I in bone and its regulation by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	135-144	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-104
7588278-4	1995	These results indicated that in bone, the actions of vitamin A are exerted through these nuclear receptors by regulating target gene expression, and through CRBP-I by modulating the intracellular transport of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	53-62	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	157-163
7588278-4	1995	These results indicated that in bone, the actions of vitamin A are exerted through these nuclear receptors by regulating target gene expression, and through CRBP-I by modulating the intracellular transport of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	209-218	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	157-163
7588278-5	1995	Moreover, using rats of various retinoid status, we investigated whether the expression of target genes for vitamin A (RAR beta and CRBP-I) is regulated by retinoic acid (RA) in the adult rat tibia.	Vitamin A	108-117	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	119-127
7588278-5	1995	Moreover, using rats of various retinoid status, we investigated whether the expression of target genes for vitamin A (RAR beta and CRBP-I) is regulated by retinoic acid (RA) in the adult rat tibia.	Vitamin A	108-117	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-138
7499345-7	1995	RoDH(II) recognized the physiological form of retinol as substrate, CRBP, with a Km of 2 mM.	Vitamin A	46-53	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
7499345-7	1995	RoDH(II) recognized the physiological form of retinol as substrate, CRBP, with a Km of 2 mM.	Vitamin A	46-53	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
8899451-2	1996	In male hamsters given a vitamin A-supplemented diet at a level of 250 IU/g-diet for 6 weeks, a marked increase in the activity of testosterone 7 alpha-hydroxylase was observed, accompanied by an elevation in the level of protein immunorelated to CYP2A1.	Vitamin A	25-34	cytochrome P450 2A9	Mesocricetus auratus	131-163
7487086-4	1995	For both ages, apo A-I mRNA was approximately 40-50% higher (P < 0.05) for the vitamin A-marginal groups and 20-30% lower (P > 0.05) for the vitamin A-supplemented groups than the controls.	Vitamin A	82-91	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	15-22
7487086-4	1995	For both ages, apo A-I mRNA was approximately 40-50% higher (P < 0.05) for the vitamin A-marginal groups and 20-30% lower (P > 0.05) for the vitamin A-supplemented groups than the controls.	Vitamin A	147-156	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	15-22
7487086-6	1995	Although vitamin A did not have a significant effect on the mRNA levels of the receptors examined in this study, they are still likely to be involved in regulating apo A-I gene expression because in vitro studies have shown that both RAR-alpha and RXR-alpha bind to the regulatory region of the apo A-I gene.	Vitamin A	9-18	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	164-171
7485220-6	1995	The high retinol/RBP ratio implies that an excessive or free retinol possibly exists in NIDDM.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	17-20
7490779-4	1995	In amphibians and mammals, IRBP consists of four homologous repeats of about 300 amino acids which form two retinol and four fatty acid-binding sites.	Vitamin A	108-115	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	27-31
8595902-8	1995	Immunohistochemical studies show that the Tr2-11 protein is present mainly in advanced germ cell populations of mature testes and that Tr2-11 gene expression is dramatically decreased in vitamin A-depleted animals.	Vitamin A	187-196	nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group C, member 1	Mus musculus	135-141
7485519-7	1995	For instance, vitamin A treatment, which was shown to enhance mucous cell differentiation in vitro, stimulated the message levels of mu- and pi-class GST.	Vitamin A	14-23	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	150-153
7485505-0	1995	Vitamin A-poor lipocytes: a novel desmin-negative lipocyte subpopulation, which can be activated to myofibroblasts.	Vitamin A	0-9	desmin	Rattus norvegicus	34-40
7586162-8	1995	Although retinol and 4HPR cross-competed for RBP binding, N-phenylretinamide, in which the 4-hydroxyl group is absent, and N-(4-methoxyphenyl)retinamide, a major cellular metabolite of 4HPR, in which the hydroxyl group is blocked, did not show affinity for the binding protein.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	45-48
7669770-4	1995	The greater affinity of CRBP for all-trans-retinol has been attributed to the presence of an amino-aromatic hydrogen bond, which is absent in CRBP(II).	Vitamin A	33-50	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
7669770-6	1995	Spectral analyses of retinol when bound to the wild-type and mutant CRBP suggested that it adopted an identical conformation within both proteins, a conformation that was distinct from that of retinol bound to CRBP(II), both wild-type and mutant.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	68-72
7656439-1	1995	Retinol-binding protein (RBP), the principal carrier for vitamin A, is known to form a complex with transthyretin (TTR) for transport in plasma.	Vitamin A	57-66	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
7656439-1	1995	Retinol-binding protein (RBP), the principal carrier for vitamin A, is known to form a complex with transthyretin (TTR) for transport in plasma.	Vitamin A	57-66	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
7656439-1	1995	Retinol-binding protein (RBP), the principal carrier for vitamin A, is known to form a complex with transthyretin (TTR) for transport in plasma.	Vitamin A	57-66	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	100-113
7656439-1	1995	Retinol-binding protein (RBP), the principal carrier for vitamin A, is known to form a complex with transthyretin (TTR) for transport in plasma.	Vitamin A	57-66	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	115-118
8655919-10	1995	The resulting retinol/RBP ratio was over 1 in both the whole sample and in the subgroups.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	22-25
7550309-3	1995	In a SFD family with a novel TIMP3 point mutation, we tested a hypothesis that their night blindness is due to a chronic deprivation of vitamin A at the level of the photoreceptors caused by a thickened membrane barrier between the photoreceptor layer and its blood supply.	Vitamin A	136-145	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3	Homo sapiens	29-34
8527077-5	1995	RESULTS: Development of deficiency of vitamin A or vitamin B12 was associated with a decline in CD4 cell count (P = 0.0255 and 0.0377, respectively), while normalization of vitamin A, vitamin B12 and zinc was associated with higher CD4 cell counts (P = 0.0492, 0.0061 and 0.0112, respectively).	Vitamin A	38-47	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	96-99
8527077-5	1995	RESULTS: Development of deficiency of vitamin A or vitamin B12 was associated with a decline in CD4 cell count (P = 0.0255 and 0.0377, respectively), while normalization of vitamin A, vitamin B12 and zinc was associated with higher CD4 cell counts (P = 0.0492, 0.0061 and 0.0112, respectively).	Vitamin A	38-47	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	232-235
7657283-7	1995	Pretreatment of FSC with 5 mumol/retinol for 48 hours inhibited the mitogenic effects of thrombin but not the induction of MCP-1 secretion.	Vitamin A	33-40	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	89-97
7657389-3	1995	We have thus investigated the expression of nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs and RXRs) and cellular binding proteins for retinol (CRBP) and retinoic acid (CRABP) in endometrial adenocarcinoma of the endometrioid histological subtype.	Vitamin A	126-133	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	135-139
7654760-2	1995	We show that RPE cells secrete a specific set of proteins that includes retinol binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR), which are both involved in retinol transport in blood.	Vitamin A	72-79	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	97-100
7646527-1	1995	Vitamin A regulation of specific promoter domains of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene was tested in a PEPCK/bovine growth hormone (bGH) transgenic mouse model.	Vitamin A	0-9	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	92-97
7646527-1	1995	Vitamin A regulation of specific promoter domains of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene was tested in a PEPCK/bovine growth hormone (bGH) transgenic mouse model.	Vitamin A	0-9	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, cytosolic	Mus musculus	120-125
7643241-0	1995	Consumption of excess vitamin A, but not excess beta-carotene, causes accumulation of retinol that exceeds the binding capacity of cellular retinol-binding protein, type II in rat intestine.	Vitamin A	22-31	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	131-172
7643241-6	1995	The LRAT activity was significantly greater in rats fed 1000 times the vitamin A requirement compared with all other groups, but ARAT activity was unaffected.	Vitamin A	71-80	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
7589917-10	1995	Male rats exposed to 10,000 ppb PCB 77 had decreased vitamin A in the liver and lung and elevated levels in the kidney.	Vitamin A	53-62	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
7485998-3	1995	In vitamin A-deficient embryos, TGF beta 1 RNA and protein distribution were both unaltered compared with controls; conversely, TGF beta 2 protein levels were reduced while RNA levels remained normal.	Vitamin A	3-12	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	32-42
7589917-11	1995	Liver vitamin A of both 1000- and 10,000-ppb PCB 77 female groups was decreased.	Vitamin A	6-15	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
7597703-12	1995	Retinol pretreatment resulted in potentiated hepatotoxicity as indicated by increases in plasma alanine aminotransferase and GGT activities, as well as plasma total bilirubin.	Vitamin A	0-7	gamma-glutamyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
7615982-1	1995	We examined the regulation of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) mRNA and protein expression in human skin in vivo by all-trans retinoic acid and all-trans retinol.	Vitamin A	39-46	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	64-68
7615982-1	1995	We examined the regulation of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) mRNA and protein expression in human skin in vivo by all-trans retinoic acid and all-trans retinol.	Vitamin A	161-168	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	64-68
7615982-2	1995	Treatment of human skin for 24 h with all-trans retinoic acid (0.1%) or all-trans retinol (1.6%) induced CRBP mRNA 5.5-fold (p < 0.01, n = 10) and 5.7-fold (p < 0.01, n = 5), respectively, compared with skin treated with vehicle or sodium lauryl sulfate (used as an irritant control).	Vitamin A	82-89	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
7615982-3	1995	In vitro translation of poly A+ RNA from all-trans retinoic acid, all-trans retinol, sodium lauryl sulfate, and vehicle-treated human skin demonstrated that the observed increased CRBP mRNA in all-trans retinoic acid- and all-trans retinol-treated skin was able to direct increased (2.3-2.9-fold) CRBP protein synthesis.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	180-184
7615982-3	1995	In vitro translation of poly A+ RNA from all-trans retinoic acid, all-trans retinol, sodium lauryl sulfate, and vehicle-treated human skin demonstrated that the observed increased CRBP mRNA in all-trans retinoic acid- and all-trans retinol-treated skin was able to direct increased (2.3-2.9-fold) CRBP protein synthesis.	Vitamin A	232-239	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	180-184
7615982-6	1995	In addition, functional CRBP levels measured by [3H]all-trans retinol binding were elevated 1.9-fold (p < 0.01, n = 6) and 3.5-fold (p < 0.01, n = 6) at 24 and 94 h, respectively, after all-trans retinoic acid treatment, compared with vehicle- or sodium lauryl sulfate-treated skin.	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
7615982-9	1995	These data demonstrate that CRBP expression in human skin in vivo is regulated by exogenous all-trans retinoic acid and all-trans retinol.	Vitamin A	130-137	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
7614995-3	1995	We previously studied a helminth infection in mice, and showed that when vitamin A levels are low, the immune response develops a strong regulatory T cell imbalance with excessive T helper type-1 cell interferon (IFN)-gamma synthesis and insufficient T helper type-2 cell development and function.	Vitamin A	73-82	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	201-223
7762526-3	1995	The MRDR test showed a very strong dependency on retinol-binding protein (RBP) saturation (ie, percent saturation of RBP with retinol) compared with the RDR test.	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-77
7666002-1	1995	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the specific blood carrier for the transport of retinol (vitamin A) to target tissues.	Vitamin A	81-88	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
7666002-1	1995	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the specific blood carrier for the transport of retinol (vitamin A) to target tissues.	Vitamin A	81-88	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
7666002-1	1995	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the specific blood carrier for the transport of retinol (vitamin A) to target tissues.	Vitamin A	90-99	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
7666002-1	1995	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the specific blood carrier for the transport of retinol (vitamin A) to target tissues.	Vitamin A	90-99	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
7766612-4	1995	Integral and peripheral RoDH catalyzed retinal synthesis from all-trans-retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein, type I (CRBP), with similar Km values of 0.6 and 0.4 microM, respectively.	Vitamin A	72-79	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
7748490-2	1995	Serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the major carrier protein for retinol in the circulatory system of vertebrates.	Vitamin A	6-13	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	31-34
7748490-3	1995	In oviparous animals, RBP is thought to function in the delivery of retinol to yolk, in analogy to other important nutrients and vitamins known to accumulate within the oocyte.	Vitamin A	68-75	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	22-25
7748490-5	1995	To gain understanding of the RBP-mediated serum-to-yolk transport of retinol, we have characterized the chicken carrier protein at the molecular level.	Vitamin A	69-76	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	29-32
7622732-0	1995	Interaction of beta-lactoglobulin with retinol and fatty acids and its role as a possible biological function for this protein: a review.	Vitamin A	39-46	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Sus scrofa	15-33
7721890-5	1995	BAECs constitutively synthesized and secreted MK and its production was enhanced 2-fold with 1 microM retinoic acid or 10 microM retinol.	Vitamin A	129-136	midkine	Bos taurus	46-48
7721890-8	1995	Addition of anti-MK antibody to BAEC cultures resulted in a decrease of basal PA activity and an increase of basal PAI-1 levels and attenuated the ability of retinol to enhance PA activity 50% and potentiated the ability to increase PAI-1 levels 4-fold.	Vitamin A	158-165	midkine	Bos taurus	17-19
7704904-1	1995	The effects of retinoids (all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and vitamin A) and hydrocortisone (HC) on the IL-4-dependent IgE and IgG1 response by mouse whole spleen cells and splenic B cells were studied.	Vitamin A	59-68	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	101-105
7704904-1	1995	The effects of retinoids (all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and vitamin A) and hydrocortisone (HC) on the IL-4-dependent IgE and IgG1 response by mouse whole spleen cells and splenic B cells were studied.	Vitamin A	59-68	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (G1m marker)	Mus musculus	124-128
7744071-0	1995	Interactions with retinol and retinoids of bovine cellular retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	50-82
7744071-1	1995	The interactions with retinol and retinol analogs of bovine cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) have been investigated, by means of fluorescence titrations, to obtain more information on the structural features of retinoid that may be required for their interaction with the binding protein.	Vitamin A	22-29	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	60-92
7744071-1	1995	The interactions with retinol and retinol analogs of bovine cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) have been investigated, by means of fluorescence titrations, to obtain more information on the structural features of retinoid that may be required for their interaction with the binding protein.	Vitamin A	22-29	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	94-98
7744071-1	1995	The interactions with retinol and retinol analogs of bovine cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) have been investigated, by means of fluorescence titrations, to obtain more information on the structural features of retinoid that may be required for their interaction with the binding protein.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	60-92
7744071-1	1995	The interactions with retinol and retinol analogs of bovine cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) have been investigated, by means of fluorescence titrations, to obtain more information on the structural features of retinoid that may be required for their interaction with the binding protein.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	94-98
7744071-4	1995	On the assumption that retinol and retinal interact with the same binding site, this result indicates that the above-mentioned apparent dissociation constant for retinol.CRBP may be an overestimate and that its value may be as low as 0.1 nM.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	170-174
7744071-4	1995	On the assumption that retinol and retinal interact with the same binding site, this result indicates that the above-mentioned apparent dissociation constant for retinol.CRBP may be an overestimate and that its value may be as low as 0.1 nM.	Vitamin A	162-169	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	170-174
7744071-5	1995	The finding of an exceedingly tight binding of retinol to CRBP provides further support for the possible role of CRBP-bound retinol, rather than its uncomplexed labile form, as substrate of enzymes involved in the metabolism of the vitamin.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	58-62
7744071-5	1995	The finding of an exceedingly tight binding of retinol to CRBP provides further support for the possible role of CRBP-bound retinol, rather than its uncomplexed labile form, as substrate of enzymes involved in the metabolism of the vitamin.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	113-117
7744071-5	1995	The finding of an exceedingly tight binding of retinol to CRBP provides further support for the possible role of CRBP-bound retinol, rather than its uncomplexed labile form, as substrate of enzymes involved in the metabolism of the vitamin.	Vitamin A	124-131	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	58-62
7744071-5	1995	The finding of an exceedingly tight binding of retinol to CRBP provides further support for the possible role of CRBP-bound retinol, rather than its uncomplexed labile form, as substrate of enzymes involved in the metabolism of the vitamin.	Vitamin A	124-131	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	113-117
7744071-8	1995	These findings are consistent with the indications emerging from the three-dimensional structure determination of retinol.CRBP [Cowan, S. W., Newcomer, M. E. & Jones, T. A.	Vitamin A	114-121	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	122-126
7655621-1	1995	All-trans retinoic acid (all-trans RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, has been demonstrated to be an efficient alternative to chemotherapy in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), the AML3 subtype of the FAB cytological classification.	Vitamin A	65-74	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	205-209
7705655-0	1995	A novel pathway for vitamin A signaling mediated by RXR heterodimerization with NGFI-B and NURR1.	Vitamin A	20-29	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	52-55
7705655-0	1995	A novel pathway for vitamin A signaling mediated by RXR heterodimerization with NGFI-B and NURR1.	Vitamin A	20-29	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	80-86
7705655-0	1995	A novel pathway for vitamin A signaling mediated by RXR heterodimerization with NGFI-B and NURR1.	Vitamin A	20-29	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens	91-96
7705655-7	1995	Because expression of both NGFI-B and NURR1 is rapidly induced by various growth factors, these findings also suggest a novel mechanism for convergence between vitamin A or retinoid and growth factor signaling pathways.	Vitamin A	160-169	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1	Homo sapiens	27-33
7705655-7	1995	Because expression of both NGFI-B and NURR1 is rapidly induced by various growth factors, these findings also suggest a novel mechanism for convergence between vitamin A or retinoid and growth factor signaling pathways.	Vitamin A	160-169	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens	38-43
7624065-1	1995	Mice were made deficient in transthyretin (TTR), the protein that normally transports plasma retinol complexed with retinol-binding protein (RBP), by targeted mutagenesis (TTR-knockout mice).	Vitamin A	93-100	transthyretin	Mus musculus	28-41
7624065-1	1995	Mice were made deficient in transthyretin (TTR), the protein that normally transports plasma retinol complexed with retinol-binding protein (RBP), by targeted mutagenesis (TTR-knockout mice).	Vitamin A	93-100	transthyretin	Mus musculus	43-46
7624065-2	1995	The TTR- mice were healthy and fertile, despite extremely low plasma retinol and RBP levels (6% of wild type).	Vitamin A	69-76	transthyretin	Mus musculus	4-7
7624065-4	1995	Liver levels of RBP were 60% higher in the TTR-mutants compared to wild-type mice, suggesting that lack of TTR may block secretion of RBP-retinol from liver.	Vitamin A	138-145	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	16-19
7624065-4	1995	Liver levels of RBP were 60% higher in the TTR-mutants compared to wild-type mice, suggesting that lack of TTR may block secretion of RBP-retinol from liver.	Vitamin A	138-145	transthyretin	Mus musculus	43-46
7624065-4	1995	Liver levels of RBP were 60% higher in the TTR-mutants compared to wild-type mice, suggesting that lack of TTR may block secretion of RBP-retinol from liver.	Vitamin A	138-145	transthyretin	Mus musculus	107-110
7624065-4	1995	Liver levels of RBP were 60% higher in the TTR-mutants compared to wild-type mice, suggesting that lack of TTR may block secretion of RBP-retinol from liver.	Vitamin A	138-145	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	134-137
7622732-3	1995	Recent x-ray crystallographic studies have advanced knowledge of the structure of beta-lactoglobulin, which is homologous with that of retinol-binding protein and lipocalycins; the function of these proteins seems to be participation in the transport of small hydrophobic substances.	Vitamin A	135-142	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Sus scrofa	82-100
7622732-6	1995	In particular, this review concentrates upon studies of the binding of retinol and fatty acids to beta-lactoglobulin, including the binding constants and number of binding sites, the location of the binding sites, and the influence of chemical modifications in the interaction of the protein with both ligands.	Vitamin A	71-78	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Sus scrofa	98-116
7876191-0	1995	Genomic structure and expression of the ADH7 gene encoding human class IV alcohol dehydrogenase, the form most efficient for retinol metabolism in vitro.	Vitamin A	125-132	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	40-44
7876191-0	1995	Genomic structure and expression of the ADH7 gene encoding human class IV alcohol dehydrogenase, the form most efficient for retinol metabolism in vitro.	Vitamin A	125-132	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	65-95
7876191-1	1995	Human alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) consists of a family of five evolutionarily related classes of enzymes that collectively function in the metabolism of a wide variety of alcohols including ethanol and retinol.	Vitamin A	202-209	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	29-32
7782507-0	1995	Vitamin A distribution among fat globule core, fat globule membrane, and serum fraction in milk.	Vitamin A	0-9	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	29-32
7782507-1	1995	In cream suspensions and partly skimmed milks obtained by successive centrifugation from whole milk, the concentration of vitamin A per gram of fat was inversely related to the mean size of fat globules.	Vitamin A	122-131	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	144-147
7782507-1	1995	In cream suspensions and partly skimmed milks obtained by successive centrifugation from whole milk, the concentration of vitamin A per gram of fat was inversely related to the mean size of fat globules.	Vitamin A	122-131	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	190-193
7782507-3	1995	These studies indicated that a portion of the vitamin A was associated with the fat globule membrane.	Vitamin A	46-55	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
7782507-4	1995	The vitamin A content per gram of fat of purified fat globules was similar to vitamin A content per gram of fat of the whole milk from which they were isolated.	Vitamin A	4-13	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
7782507-5	1995	This result indicated that the amount of vitamin A in the serum fraction was negligible and that vitamin A was localized in the fat globule and fat globule membrane.	Vitamin A	97-106	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	128-131
7782507-5	1995	This result indicated that the amount of vitamin A in the serum fraction was negligible and that vitamin A was localized in the fat globule and fat globule membrane.	Vitamin A	97-106	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	144-147
7876099-6	1995	Recombinant human sigma-ADH exhibited high catalytic efficiency for oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal.	Vitamin A	85-98	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	18-27
7852374-2	1995	Transthyretin (TTR) is involved in the transport of thyroid hormones and, due to its interaction with serum retinol-binding protein, also of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	108-115	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	0-13
7852374-2	1995	Transthyretin (TTR) is involved in the transport of thyroid hormones and, due to its interaction with serum retinol-binding protein, also of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	108-115	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	15-18
7852374-2	1995	Transthyretin (TTR) is involved in the transport of thyroid hormones and, due to its interaction with serum retinol-binding protein, also of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	141-150	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	0-13
7852374-2	1995	Transthyretin (TTR) is involved in the transport of thyroid hormones and, due to its interaction with serum retinol-binding protein, also of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	141-150	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	15-18
7864119-3	1995	Compared with control cell lines, retinol uptake increased up to twofold by overexpression of CRBP II and up to 2.9-fold by coexpression of CRBP and CRBP II.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	94-101
7864119-3	1995	Compared with control cell lines, retinol uptake increased up to twofold by overexpression of CRBP II and up to 2.9-fold by coexpression of CRBP and CRBP II.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	94-98
7864119-3	1995	Compared with control cell lines, retinol uptake increased up to twofold by overexpression of CRBP II and up to 2.9-fold by coexpression of CRBP and CRBP II.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	149-156
7864119-8	1995	Thus these studies provide evidence that intestinal retinol uptake, retinyl ester synthesis, and retinyl ester secretion are correlated with levels of CRBP and CRBP II and that the effects of CRBP on retinyl ester secretion can be distinguished from those of CRBP II.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	151-155
7864119-8	1995	Thus these studies provide evidence that intestinal retinol uptake, retinyl ester synthesis, and retinyl ester secretion are correlated with levels of CRBP and CRBP II and that the effects of CRBP on retinyl ester secretion can be distinguished from those of CRBP II.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	160-167
7864119-8	1995	Thus these studies provide evidence that intestinal retinol uptake, retinyl ester synthesis, and retinyl ester secretion are correlated with levels of CRBP and CRBP II and that the effects of CRBP on retinyl ester secretion can be distinguished from those of CRBP II.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	160-164
7551819-3	1995	We hypothesized that plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) response to vitamin A administration, which provides a dynamic measure to vitamin A status, might be useful for early recognition of vitamin A deficiency in VLBW neonates at risk for BPD.	Vitamin A	70-79	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	53-56
7551819-3	1995	We hypothesized that plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) response to vitamin A administration, which provides a dynamic measure to vitamin A status, might be useful for early recognition of vitamin A deficiency in VLBW neonates at risk for BPD.	Vitamin A	132-141	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	53-56
7711204-3	1995	Peritubular cells in culture, isolated from the testes of the 20-day-old rat, maintained high levels of CRBP and had the ability to internalize retinol from retinol-binding protein (RBP), the blood transport protein for retinol, in a manner suggesting a receptor-mediated process.	Vitamin A	144-151	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	157-180
7711204-6	1995	This suggests that retinol from the blood may actually reach the seminiferous epithelium by passing across the peritubular cell, released on a new molecule of RBP, rather than by entering into the tubule bound to the preexisting RBP present in the interstitial fluid.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	159-162
7711204-6	1995	This suggests that retinol from the blood may actually reach the seminiferous epithelium by passing across the peritubular cell, released on a new molecule of RBP, rather than by entering into the tubule bound to the preexisting RBP present in the interstitial fluid.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	229-232
7859372-1	1995	The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dietary vitamin A on the tumor promoting effect of 3,3",4,4"-TCB and 2,2",4,4",5,5"-HCB in a two-stage rat hepatocarcinogenesis model with diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 150 mg/kg) as the initiator.	Vitamin A	66-75	T-cell receptor beta chain	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
7666002-6	1995	In healthy retinol target-tissues and in cultured HepG2 cells, RBP2 levels were significantly and variably present compared to RBP and RBP1.	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	63-67
7666002-8	1995	RBP2 may have an important physiological role in retinol transport and/or recycling.	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
7835286-3	1995	Using RNase protection analysis, we found that vitamin A deficiency led to a 2-fold increase in rat pituitary TSH beta messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, which returned to normal 18 h after treatment with RA (20 micrograms/rat).	Vitamin A	47-56	thyroid stimulating hormone subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	110-118
7835286-11	1995	These results show that vitamin A levels play a significant role in regulating the expression of the TSH beta gene, but not the GH gene, in vivo and suggest that RA may suppress TSH beta gene transcription directly by an RAR-retinoid X receptor heterodimer-mediated mechanism.	Vitamin A	24-33	thyroid stimulating hormone subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	101-109
7835286-11	1995	These results show that vitamin A levels play a significant role in regulating the expression of the TSH beta gene, but not the GH gene, in vivo and suggest that RA may suppress TSH beta gene transcription directly by an RAR-retinoid X receptor heterodimer-mediated mechanism.	Vitamin A	24-33	thyroid stimulating hormone subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	178-186
7531154-0	1995	Retinol-binding protein mediates uptake of retinol to cultured human keratinocytes.	Vitamin A	43-50	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
7531154-1	1995	Retinol (vitamin A) circulates in the blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	53-76
7531154-1	1995	Retinol (vitamin A) circulates in the blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	78-81
7531154-1	1995	Retinol (vitamin A) circulates in the blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	9-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	53-76
7531154-1	1995	Retinol (vitamin A) circulates in the blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	9-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	78-81
7531154-2	1995	The process by which target cells acquire retinol is not fully elucidated, although a cell surface receptor for RBP has recently been identified.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	112-115
7531154-3	1995	We show here that retinol is at least an order of magnitude more efficient at blocking the terminal differentiation of cultured normal human keratinocytes when administered as a complex with RBP than when administered free in solution.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	191-194
7531154-5	1995	These results demonstrate, at least in this in vitro system, the importance of the RBP receptor in the generation of a cellular response to retinol.	Vitamin A	140-147	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	83-86
7776851-1	1995	Earlier data from experiments in rats have shown that administration of retinyl esters (vitamin A) strongly influences the effects of CCl4 on the liver.	Vitamin A	88-97	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
8050571-4	1994	Oral administration of RA to the vitamin A-depleted rats elevated the concentration of Epo in serum.	Vitamin A	33-42	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
7818524-0	1995	Effects of retinoic acid (vitamin A) on tumor necrosis factor cytolytic action.	Vitamin A	26-35	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	40-61
7625288-5	1995	Milk vitamin A showed a significant positive whilst milk vitamin E had a negative correlation with milk fat.	Vitamin A	5-14	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
7645420-13	1995	Since the ligand should be in vast excess of receptor (ie not limiting), we explored the possibility that response to vitamin A might be mediated by control of RAR expression.	Vitamin A	118-127	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	160-163
7895262-8	1995	However, in the skin explant where keratinization was prevented and mucous metaplasia was induced by the addition of vitamin A, the distribution of the 14-kDa lectin in the epidermis was significantly affected.	Vitamin A	117-126	galectin 1A	Gallus gallus	152-165
7775379-1	1995	Effects of retinoid derivatives (retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and etretinate) on elastin expression and cell proliferation in chick embryonic vascular smooth muscle cells were compared.	Vitamin A	33-40	elastin	Gallus gallus	85-92
7706939-8	1995	In summary, these studies indicate that CRBP gene expression is regulated by retinoic acid, dexamethasone, and triiodothyronine; thus suggesting that retinol uptake, intracellular transport, and metabolism are dynamically regulated in adipocytes.	Vitamin A	150-157	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
8533390-0	1995	[Providing adults and children with vitamin A and carotenoids in different regions of the CIS].	Vitamin A	36-45	cytokine inducible SH2 containing protein	Homo sapiens	90-93
8533390-2	1995	The retinol level below 30 MK2/dl (lower reference level) was revealed in 6% of the adults, 19% of the children and 6% of the pregnant women.	Vitamin A	4-11	MAPK activated protein kinase 2	Homo sapiens	27-30
7798613-2	1994	Biologic activity was shown by the induction of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein type 2 (CRABP 2) mRNA and protein; the rank order for CRABP-2 increase was retinoic acid > retinaldehyde > 9 cis retinoic acid > retinol > beta carotene.	Vitamin A	225-232	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	48-93
7798613-2	1994	Biologic activity was shown by the induction of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein type 2 (CRABP 2) mRNA and protein; the rank order for CRABP-2 increase was retinoic acid > retinaldehyde > 9 cis retinoic acid > retinol > beta carotene.	Vitamin A	225-232	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	95-102
7798613-2	1994	Biologic activity was shown by the induction of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein type 2 (CRABP 2) mRNA and protein; the rank order for CRABP-2 increase was retinoic acid > retinaldehyde > 9 cis retinoic acid > retinol > beta carotene.	Vitamin A	225-232	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	141-148
7961949-1	1994	The three-dimensional structures of complexes between bovine plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and three retinol analogs with different end groups (fenretinide, all-trans retinoic acid, and axerophthene) have been determined to 1.8-1.9-A resolution.	Vitamin A	68-75	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	93-96
7961949-2	1994	Their models are very similar to that of the bovine retinol.RBP complex: the root mean square deviations between equivalent alpha-carbons in the two proteins range from 0.17 to 0.24 A.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	60-63
7947785-7	1994	Addition of all-trans-retinol, NADP, and [32P]ATP to rod outer segments increased rhodopsin phosphorylation.	Vitamin A	12-29	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	82-91
7947785-8	1994	Kinetic parameters for the reverse reaction determined with exogenous all-trans-retinol were Km = 10 microM; Vmax = 11 nmol/min/mg rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	70-87	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	131-140
7947592-7	1994	ApoB-48-containing particles were present in the VLDL of fasting plasmas of both subjects, and the postprandial levels of chylomicrons and remnants as measured by the vitamin A fat tolerance test were increased.	Vitamin A	167-176	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	0-7
7850379-2	1994	The obtained results show that hepatic vitamin A levels are reduced both in male and female rats following dietary exposure to individual PCB congeners for 13 weeks.	Vitamin A	39-48	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
7868977-4	1994	However, the relative abundance of hepatic apoA-I mRNA of vitamin A-deficient rats was 2.2- to 6-times that of sufficient rats.	Vitamin A	58-67	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	43-49
7868977-5	1994	Even marginal vitamin A status resulted in a significant increase in hepatic apoA-I mRNA expression.	Vitamin A	14-23	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	77-83
7868977-6	1994	Treatment of vitamin A-deficient rats with a single dose of retinoic acid (20 micrograms, 20 h before tissues were collected) reduced the hepatic apoA-I mRNA/beta-actin ratio by about 40%, while further reduction (about 60-65%) was observed after two treatments with retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	13-22	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	146-152
7868977-6	1994	Treatment of vitamin A-deficient rats with a single dose of retinoic acid (20 micrograms, 20 h before tissues were collected) reduced the hepatic apoA-I mRNA/beta-actin ratio by about 40%, while further reduction (about 60-65%) was observed after two treatments with retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	13-22	actin, beta	Rattus norvegicus	158-168
7868977-7	1994	By nuclear run-on assay, the increase in hepatic apoA-I mRNA in vitamin A-deficient rats was attributable to increased transcription of the apoA-I gene.	Vitamin A	64-73	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	49-55
7868977-7	1994	By nuclear run-on assay, the increase in hepatic apoA-I mRNA in vitamin A-deficient rats was attributable to increased transcription of the apoA-I gene.	Vitamin A	64-73	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	140-146
7821244-7	1994	The mean +/- SD for plasma RBP for children who received vitamin A supplement were 1.159 +/- .762 mg/dL for boys and 1.151 +/- 0.470 mg/dL for girls.	Vitamin A	57-66	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-30
8089102-1	1994	In plasma the thyroid hormone-binding protein transthyretin (TTR) forms a tight complex with the specific retinol carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	106-113	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	46-59
8089102-1	1994	In plasma the thyroid hormone-binding protein transthyretin (TTR) forms a tight complex with the specific retinol carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	106-113	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	61-64
8089102-1	1994	In plasma the thyroid hormone-binding protein transthyretin (TTR) forms a tight complex with the specific retinol carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	106-113	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	122-145
8089102-1	1994	In plasma the thyroid hormone-binding protein transthyretin (TTR) forms a tight complex with the specific retinol carrier retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	106-113	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	147-150
8089102-3	1994	The interactions with human RBP of recombinant human normal and Ser-84 TTRs were investigated by monitoring the fluorescence anisotropy of RBP-bound retinol.	Vitamin A	149-156	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	28-31
8089102-3	1994	The interactions with human RBP of recombinant human normal and Ser-84 TTRs were investigated by monitoring the fluorescence anisotropy of RBP-bound retinol.	Vitamin A	149-156	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	139-142
8075067-4	1994	It was found that IRBP contains two binding sites for 11-cis-retinaldehyde and for all-trans-retinaldehyde and retinol.	Vitamin A	111-118	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	18-22
8075067-7	1994	11-cis-Retinaldehyde and all-trans-retinol were found to dissociate from the strong binding site of IRBP 3-4-fold slower than all-trans-retinaldehyde and 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	25-42	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	100-104
8075067-7	1994	11-cis-Retinaldehyde and all-trans-retinol were found to dissociate from the strong binding site of IRBP 3-4-fold slower than all-trans-retinaldehyde and 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	154-168	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	100-104
8075067-8	1994	The higher binding affinities and the slower rates of dissociation from IRBP displayed by 11-cis-retinaldehyde and by all-trans-retinol correspond to the physiological need to shuttle these particular retinoids between pigment epithelium and photoreceptor cells across the interphotoreceptor matrix as part of the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	127-135	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	72-76
7917989-6	1994	The biological importance of s-RBP expression in keratinocytes and fibroblasts is not known, but hypothetically this protein may be involved in the intracellular shuttling of retinol and retinoic acid, or in the retransportation of cellular retinoids into the extracellular space.	Vitamin A	175-182	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	31-34
8033144-4	1994	Thus, the present study was carried out to examine the effects of long-term administration of 4-HPR upon plasma and tissue vitamin A kinetics.	Vitamin A	123-132	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	96-99
8033144-14	1994	Studies investigating the mechanisms by which 4-HPR alters vitamin A kinetics are presently under way in our laboratory.	Vitamin A	59-68	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	48-51
8033144-15	1994	Nevertheless, these results suggest that long-term administration of 4-HPR markedly perturbs normal vitamin A metabolism in rats.	Vitamin A	100-109	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	71-74
7835405-0	1994	Exchange of retinol between IRBP and CRBP.	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	28-32
7835405-0	1994	Exchange of retinol between IRBP and CRBP.	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
7835405-1	1994	During a bleach, all-trans-retinol passes from the photoreceptor outer segments to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), where retinol is found associated with cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	17-34	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	160-192
7835405-1	1994	During a bleach, all-trans-retinol passes from the photoreceptor outer segments to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), where retinol is found associated with cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	17-34	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	194-198
7835405-1	1994	During a bleach, all-trans-retinol passes from the photoreceptor outer segments to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), where retinol is found associated with cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	160-192
7835405-1	1994	During a bleach, all-trans-retinol passes from the photoreceptor outer segments to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), where retinol is found associated with cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	194-198
7835405-2	1994	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is thought to facilitate this exchange, but the transfer of retinol between IRBP and CRBP has not been explored.	Vitamin A	111-118	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	127-131
7835405-2	1994	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is thought to facilitate this exchange, but the transfer of retinol between IRBP and CRBP has not been explored.	Vitamin A	111-118	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	136-140
7835405-3	1994	In this study we used a mixture of purified IRBP and CRBP as a model system to measure the amount and rate of retinol transfer between the two proteins.	Vitamin A	110-117	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	44-48
7835405-3	1994	In this study we used a mixture of purified IRBP and CRBP as a model system to measure the amount and rate of retinol transfer between the two proteins.	Vitamin A	110-117	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
7835405-4	1994	When retinol is transferred from IRBP to CRBP, its absorbance maximum shifts from 330 to 350 nm.	Vitamin A	5-12	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	33-37
7835405-4	1994	When retinol is transferred from IRBP to CRBP, its absorbance maximum shifts from 330 to 350 nm.	Vitamin A	5-12	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	41-45
7835405-5	1994	By monitoring the increase in absorbance at 350 nm after mixing CRBP with IRBP-bound retinol, we measured the amount and time course of retinol transfer from IRBP to CRBP.	Vitamin A	85-92	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	74-78
7835405-5	1994	By monitoring the increase in absorbance at 350 nm after mixing CRBP with IRBP-bound retinol, we measured the amount and time course of retinol transfer from IRBP to CRBP.	Vitamin A	85-92	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	158-162
7835405-5	1994	By monitoring the increase in absorbance at 350 nm after mixing CRBP with IRBP-bound retinol, we measured the amount and time course of retinol transfer from IRBP to CRBP.	Vitamin A	85-92	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	166-170
7835405-5	1994	By monitoring the increase in absorbance at 350 nm after mixing CRBP with IRBP-bound retinol, we measured the amount and time course of retinol transfer from IRBP to CRBP.	Vitamin A	136-143	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	64-68
7835405-5	1994	By monitoring the increase in absorbance at 350 nm after mixing CRBP with IRBP-bound retinol, we measured the amount and time course of retinol transfer from IRBP to CRBP.	Vitamin A	136-143	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	74-78
7835405-5	1994	By monitoring the increase in absorbance at 350 nm after mixing CRBP with IRBP-bound retinol, we measured the amount and time course of retinol transfer from IRBP to CRBP.	Vitamin A	136-143	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	158-162
7835405-5	1994	By monitoring the increase in absorbance at 350 nm after mixing CRBP with IRBP-bound retinol, we measured the amount and time course of retinol transfer from IRBP to CRBP.	Vitamin A	136-143	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	166-170
7835405-7	1994	As determined by measuring the change in absorbance at 350 nm, the mean percentage of IRBP-bound retinol transferred to CRBP was 103 +/- 11% (n = 9).	Vitamin A	97-104	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	86-90
7835405-7	1994	As determined by measuring the change in absorbance at 350 nm, the mean percentage of IRBP-bound retinol transferred to CRBP was 103 +/- 11% (n = 9).	Vitamin A	97-104	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
7835405-9	1994	IRBP that was separated from the mixture by HPLC contained little or no retinol, while the isolated CRBP was nearly saturated with retinol.	Vitamin A	131-138	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	100-104
7835405-11	1994	The distribution of retinol between these two proteins was consistent with the nearly 100-fold higher affinity of CRBP for retinol compared with IRBP.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	114-118
7835405-11	1994	The distribution of retinol between these two proteins was consistent with the nearly 100-fold higher affinity of CRBP for retinol compared with IRBP.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	145-149
7835405-11	1994	The distribution of retinol between these two proteins was consistent with the nearly 100-fold higher affinity of CRBP for retinol compared with IRBP.	Vitamin A	123-130	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	114-118
7835405-12	1994	Both the degree and time-course of transfer support the idea that this difference in affinity contributes to the flow of retinol to the RPE during a bleach in vivo and, therefore, may play a role in the physiological regeneration of rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	121-128	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	233-242
7876099-10	1995	There are important amino acid differences in the alcohol-binding site between the human class IV (sigma) and human class I (beta) alcohol dehydrogenases that appear to explain the high catalytic efficiency for all-trans-retinol, the high kcat for ethanol, and the low catalytic efficiency for secondary alcohols of sigma-ADH relative to beta 1-ADH.	Vitamin A	215-228	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	89-105
7876099-10	1995	There are important amino acid differences in the alcohol-binding site between the human class IV (sigma) and human class I (beta) alcohol dehydrogenases that appear to explain the high catalytic efficiency for all-trans-retinol, the high kcat for ethanol, and the low catalytic efficiency for secondary alcohols of sigma-ADH relative to beta 1-ADH.	Vitamin A	215-228	alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide	Homo sapiens	116-153
7876099-10	1995	There are important amino acid differences in the alcohol-binding site between the human class IV (sigma) and human class I (beta) alcohol dehydrogenases that appear to explain the high catalytic efficiency for all-trans-retinol, the high kcat for ethanol, and the low catalytic efficiency for secondary alcohols of sigma-ADH relative to beta 1-ADH.	Vitamin A	215-228	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	316-325
7876099-10	1995	There are important amino acid differences in the alcohol-binding site between the human class IV (sigma) and human class I (beta) alcohol dehydrogenases that appear to explain the high catalytic efficiency for all-trans-retinol, the high kcat for ethanol, and the low catalytic efficiency for secondary alcohols of sigma-ADH relative to beta 1-ADH.	Vitamin A	215-228	alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide	Homo sapiens	338-348
7876099-11	1995	For example, modeling the binding of all-trans-retinol in the human beta 1-ADH structure suggested that coordination of retinol to the active-site zinc is hindered by a loop from residues 114 to 120 that is at the entrance to the alcohol-binding site.	Vitamin A	37-54	alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide	Homo sapiens	68-78
7876099-11	1995	For example, modeling the binding of all-trans-retinol in the human beta 1-ADH structure suggested that coordination of retinol to the active-site zinc is hindered by a loop from residues 114 to 120 that is at the entrance to the alcohol-binding site.	Vitamin A	47-54	alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (class I), beta polypeptide	Homo sapiens	68-78
7876099-12	1995	The deletion of Gly-117 in human sigma-ADH and a substitution of Leu for the bulky Tyr-110 appear to facilitate retinol access to the active-site zinc.	Vitamin A	112-119	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	33-42
7822324-0	1995	Studies on the metabolism of retinol and retinol-binding protein in transthyretin-deficient mice produced by homologous recombination.	Vitamin A	29-36	transthyretin	Mus musculus	68-81
7822324-1	1995	Tissue needs for retinoids are believed to be satisfied through the delivery in the circulation of retinol by its specific plasma transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP), which circulates as a 1-to-1 protein complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	99-106	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	149-172
7822324-1	1995	Tissue needs for retinoids are believed to be satisfied through the delivery in the circulation of retinol by its specific plasma transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP), which circulates as a 1-to-1 protein complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	99-106	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	174-177
7822324-1	1995	Tissue needs for retinoids are believed to be satisfied through the delivery in the circulation of retinol by its specific plasma transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP), which circulates as a 1-to-1 protein complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	99-106	transthyretin	Mus musculus	230-243
7822324-1	1995	Tissue needs for retinoids are believed to be satisfied through the delivery in the circulation of retinol by its specific plasma transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP), which circulates as a 1-to-1 protein complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	99-106	transthyretin	Mus musculus	245-248
7822324-2	1995	The binding of RBP to TTR is thought to prevent filtration of retinol-RBP in the kidney and to play a role in secretion of RBP from hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	15-18
7822324-2	1995	The binding of RBP to TTR is thought to prevent filtration of retinol-RBP in the kidney and to play a role in secretion of RBP from hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	62-69	transthyretin	Mus musculus	22-25
7822324-2	1995	The binding of RBP to TTR is thought to prevent filtration of retinol-RBP in the kidney and to play a role in secretion of RBP from hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	70-73
7822324-2	1995	The binding of RBP to TTR is thought to prevent filtration of retinol-RBP in the kidney and to play a role in secretion of RBP from hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	70-73
7822324-5	1995	In pooled plasma from the TTR- mice retinol levels averaged 6% of those of wild type animals.	Vitamin A	36-43	transthyretin	Mus musculus	26-29
7822324-12	1995	These data may suggest that there is a partial blockage in RBP secretion from TTR- hepatocytes that leads to lessened plasma levels of retinol-RBP.	Vitamin A	135-142	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	59-62
7822324-12	1995	These data may suggest that there is a partial blockage in RBP secretion from TTR- hepatocytes that leads to lessened plasma levels of retinol-RBP.	Vitamin A	135-142	transthyretin	Mus musculus	78-81
7822324-12	1995	These data may suggest that there is a partial blockage in RBP secretion from TTR- hepatocytes that leads to lessened plasma levels of retinol-RBP.	Vitamin A	135-142	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	143-146
7641581-3	1995	Based on these studies, our current hypothesis for retinol potentiation of chemical-induced liver injury is that retinol administered to rats prior to the hepatotoxicant (CCl4 and AA in rats; and AA, APAP, and GalN in mice) primes the Kupffer cells to a more active state.	Vitamin A	51-58	galanin and GMAP prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	210-214
7641581-3	1995	Based on these studies, our current hypothesis for retinol potentiation of chemical-induced liver injury is that retinol administered to rats prior to the hepatotoxicant (CCl4 and AA in rats; and AA, APAP, and GalN in mice) primes the Kupffer cells to a more active state.	Vitamin A	113-120	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	171-175
7641581-8	1995	Retinol protection of CCl4 hepatotoxicity in mice is more difficult to explain at this time but is possibly related to alterations in CCl4 metabolism in this species.	Vitamin A	0-7	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	22-26
7641581-8	1995	Retinol protection of CCl4 hepatotoxicity in mice is more difficult to explain at this time but is possibly related to alterations in CCl4 metabolism in this species.	Vitamin A	0-7	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	134-138
7814033-9	1995	TTR transports both thyroxine and retinol and is therefore important for normal fetal development.	Vitamin A	34-41	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-3
7591536-7	1995	In the basal state without irradiation, differences in ODC activity between groups were nonsignificant; but after UV stimulation, ODC increased markedly in the skin of vitamin A-deficient animals, much more than in other groups.	Vitamin A	168-177	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	130-133
8589342-2	1995	Depending on the time of administration, vitamin A can potentiate or reduce fibrosis: when present during CCl4-treatment parenchymal cell damage and fibrosis were enhanced, whereas vitamin A post-treatment strongly reduced fibrosis.	Vitamin A	41-50	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
7811230-0	1994	Vitamin A regulates the expression of apolipoprotein AI and CIII genes in the rat.	Vitamin A	0-9	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	38-55
7811230-1	1994	The effect of vitamin A on the expression of apoAI and CIII genes in intact rats was studied.	Vitamin A	14-23	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
7811230-2	1994	In vitamin A-deficient rats, the hepatic level of apoAI mRNA was increased and enhanced by an oral administration of excess retinoic acid(RA).	Vitamin A	3-12	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
7811230-5	1994	These findings show that vitamin A regulates the expression of apolipoprotein AI and CIII genes in a tissue-specific and complex fashion.	Vitamin A	25-34	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	63-80
7988722-3	1994	Here we show that the treatment of the cultured sympathetic neurons from newborn rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) with retinoic acid (RA), a derivative of vitamin A, suppressed the expression of trkA mRNA and induced the expression of trkB mRNA.	Vitamin A	158-167	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	198-202
7988722-3	1994	Here we show that the treatment of the cultured sympathetic neurons from newborn rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) with retinoic acid (RA), a derivative of vitamin A, suppressed the expression of trkA mRNA and induced the expression of trkB mRNA.	Vitamin A	158-167	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	238-242
7966314-2	1994	Transthyretin is a carrier of the hormone thyroxine in plasma whereas retinol-binding protein is the specific transporter of the alcohol form of vitamin A in the same medium.	Vitamin A	145-154	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
7965197-0	1994	Retinoic acid receptor-alpha gene expression is modulated by dietary vitamin A and by retinoic acid in chicken T lymphocytes.	Vitamin A	69-78	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Gallus gallus	0-28
7965197-1	1994	The effects of dietary vitamin A and retinoic acid in vitro on the proliferative response and gene expression of retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RAR-alpha) in chicken T lymphocytes were studied.	Vitamin A	23-32	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Gallus gallus	143-152
7965197-3	1994	RAR-alpha mRNA expression in T lymphocytes peaked in chicks fed low levels of vitamin A (830 and 1500 micrograms/kg diet) and declined at higher intakes.	Vitamin A	78-87	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Gallus gallus	0-9
7965197-9	1994	Our results indicate that RAR-alpha mRNA expression and antigen-specific proliferative responses of T lymphocytes are influenced by vitamin A status in vivo, and directly modulated by retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	132-141	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Gallus gallus	26-35
7929238-1	1994	Cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) appears to play a role in the vertebrate visual process as a substrate-routing protein, influencing the enzymatic partitioning of 11-cis-retinol at a key branch point in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	178-192	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-38
7929238-1	1994	Cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) appears to play a role in the vertebrate visual process as a substrate-routing protein, influencing the enzymatic partitioning of 11-cis-retinol at a key branch point in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	178-192	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	40-46
7826592-3	1994	In addition to ADH, ethanol can be oxidized by liver microsomes: studies over the last 25 years have culiminated in the molecular elucidation of the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (2E1) which causes metabolic tolerance to ethanol and to various commonly used medications, enhanced degradation of testosterone and vitamin A (with vitamin A depletion) and selective hepatic perivenular toxicity.	Vitamin A	317-326	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	167-188
7826592-3	1994	In addition to ADH, ethanol can be oxidized by liver microsomes: studies over the last 25 years have culiminated in the molecular elucidation of the ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (2E1) which causes metabolic tolerance to ethanol and to various commonly used medications, enhanced degradation of testosterone and vitamin A (with vitamin A depletion) and selective hepatic perivenular toxicity.	Vitamin A	333-342	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	167-188
8050575-1	1994	Uteroglobin, a progesterone-binding secretory protein, was shown to bind retinoic acid and retinol in a non-saturable manner, at least up to concentrations of retinoids of 20 microM.	Vitamin A	91-98	secretoglobin family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	0-11
8048064-7	1994	Antagonism was found between TCDD and PCB 126 for hepatic retinol levels and CYP1A2 activity.	Vitamin A	58-65	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
8031123-1	1994	In the search for a possible Drosophila melanogaster homolog of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), a approximately 140-kDa retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein found in vertebrates, the 110,000 g supernatant fraction prepared from homogenates of fly heads was analyzed for the presence of proteins capable of binding radiolabeled retinol and palmitic acid.	Vitamin A	356-363	Inverted repeat-binding protein	Drosophila melanogaster	64-107
8043610-0	1994	Tryptophan-19 of beta-lactoglobulin, the only residue completely conserved in the lipocalin superfamily, is not essential for binding retinol, but relevant to stabilizing bound retinol and maintaining its structure.	Vitamin A	134-141	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	17-35
8043610-0	1994	Tryptophan-19 of beta-lactoglobulin, the only residue completely conserved in the lipocalin superfamily, is not essential for binding retinol, but relevant to stabilizing bound retinol and maintaining its structure.	Vitamin A	177-184	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	17-35
8043610-6	1994	These facts indicated that Trp-19 is one of the important residues in correctly maintaining the local structure of beta-LG and stably retaining its overall structure, thereby conserving the bound retinol molecule.	Vitamin A	196-203	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	115-122
8025274-1	1994	Progesterone-associated endometrial protein (PAEP/PP14) is a 28-kD glycoprotein with sequence homology to beta-lactoglobulins containing a retinol-binding motif.	Vitamin A	139-146	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	45-49
8025274-1	1994	Progesterone-associated endometrial protein (PAEP/PP14) is a 28-kD glycoprotein with sequence homology to beta-lactoglobulins containing a retinol-binding motif.	Vitamin A	139-146	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	50-54
8031123-1	1994	In the search for a possible Drosophila melanogaster homolog of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP), a approximately 140-kDa retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein found in vertebrates, the 110,000 g supernatant fraction prepared from homogenates of fly heads was analyzed for the presence of proteins capable of binding radiolabeled retinol and palmitic acid.	Vitamin A	356-363	Inverted repeat-binding protein	Drosophila melanogaster	109-113
8020193-6	1994	With respect to EC prostacyclin production, although retinoic acid alone had no effect, cis and trans-retinoic acid and retinol all induced a dose-dependent increase in IL-1-mediated prostacyclin production, which was most marked at higher concentrations (20 U/ml) of IL-1.	Vitamin A	120-127	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	169-173
8020193-6	1994	With respect to EC prostacyclin production, although retinoic acid alone had no effect, cis and trans-retinoic acid and retinol all induced a dose-dependent increase in IL-1-mediated prostacyclin production, which was most marked at higher concentrations (20 U/ml) of IL-1.	Vitamin A	120-127	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	268-272
8080909-1	1994	Retinols and retinoic acid (vitamin A) are essential for embryonic development; they are transported in circulation bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-8	retinol binding protein 4	Sus scrofa	150-153
21607448-3	1994	We have demonstrated that 4-HPR blood levels remain constant during administration for as long as 5 years, that the drug accumulates in the human breast, and that it induces a significant decline of plasma retinol and insulinlike growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels.	Vitamin A	206-213	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	28-31
21607448-7	1994	The only remarkable adverse effect of 4-HPR administration is diminished dark adaptation, which occurs in about one-fourth of the patients and is dependent on the decline of plasma retinol below the threshold level of 100 ng/ml.	Vitamin A	181-188	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	40-43
21607448-9	1994	Plasma level of N-(4-methoxyphenyl) retinamide (4-MPR), the principal metabolite of 4-HPR, which tends to be higher in women over 55 years with a high percentage of adipose tissue, is the major determinant of both retinol and IGF-I decrease.	Vitamin A	214-221	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	86-89
8206972-8	1994	The conversion of retinyl ester to retinol by LPL was then assessed using model retinyl ester containing lipid emulsions.	Vitamin A	35-42	lipoprotein lipase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	46-49
8206972-11	1994	The physiologically significant palmitate, stearate, oleate, and linoleate esters of retinol were all hydrolyzed by LPL.	Vitamin A	85-92	lipoprotein lipase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	116-119
8206972-12	1994	When LPL was incubated with [3H]retinyl ester containing rabbit mesenteric chylomicrons and in the presence of heparin and apolipoprotein C-II, the LPL was able to completely hydrolyze the retinyl ester to retinol.	Vitamin A	206-213	lipoprotein lipase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	5-8
8206972-12	1994	When LPL was incubated with [3H]retinyl ester containing rabbit mesenteric chylomicrons and in the presence of heparin and apolipoprotein C-II, the LPL was able to completely hydrolyze the retinyl ester to retinol.	Vitamin A	206-213	apolipoprotein C-II	Oryctolagus cuniculus	123-142
8206972-12	1994	When LPL was incubated with [3H]retinyl ester containing rabbit mesenteric chylomicrons and in the presence of heparin and apolipoprotein C-II, the LPL was able to completely hydrolyze the retinyl ester to retinol.	Vitamin A	206-213	lipoprotein lipase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	148-151
8203888-4	1994	Fluorescence energy transfer measurements have been made for the complex of BLG with retinol and/or heme-CO. Two species of BLG were used.	Vitamin A	85-92	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	76-79
8203888-5	1994	While bovine BLG possesses two tryptophans (at positions 19 and 61) which are quenched by about a factor of 2 by either retinol or heme-CO, the porcine species has only one tryptophan (at position 19) whose fluorescence is decreased by a factor of 15 when both hemes are bound, indicating that at least one of the heme-binding sites is near (< 20 A) to this tryptophan.	Vitamin A	120-127	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	13-16
8203888-6	1994	The fluorescence of retinol (complexed to BLG) is also quenched by the addition of heme-CO, indicating that BLG can bind both molecules simultaneously; a separation of 25 A between retinol and heme was calculated.	Vitamin A	20-27	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	42-45
8203888-6	1994	The fluorescence of retinol (complexed to BLG) is also quenched by the addition of heme-CO, indicating that BLG can bind both molecules simultaneously; a separation of 25 A between retinol and heme was calculated.	Vitamin A	20-27	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	108-111
8203888-6	1994	The fluorescence of retinol (complexed to BLG) is also quenched by the addition of heme-CO, indicating that BLG can bind both molecules simultaneously; a separation of 25 A between retinol and heme was calculated.	Vitamin A	181-188	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	42-45
8203888-6	1994	The fluorescence of retinol (complexed to BLG) is also quenched by the addition of heme-CO, indicating that BLG can bind both molecules simultaneously; a separation of 25 A between retinol and heme was calculated.	Vitamin A	181-188	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	108-111
8002949-1	1994	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) transports vitamin A in the plasma.	Vitamin A	41-50	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
8002949-1	1994	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) transports vitamin A in the plasma.	Vitamin A	41-50	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
8002949-5	1994	Apart from its specific interaction with retinol, RBP is involved in two other molecular-recognition properties, that is it binds to transthyretin (TTR), another serum protein, and to a cell-surface receptor.	Vitamin A	41-48	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	50-53
8002949-6	1994	Using site-directed mutagenesis, specific changes were made to the loop regions of human RBP and the resultant mutant proteins were tested for their ability to bind to retinol, to TTR and to the RBP receptor.	Vitamin A	168-175	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	89-92
8002949-17	1994	255, 571-579], according to which retinol delivery involves specific binding of RBP to the cell-surface receptor, an interaction that triggers release of retinol from RBP to the bound cell rather than internalization of retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	80-83
8002949-17	1994	255, 571-579], according to which retinol delivery involves specific binding of RBP to the cell-surface receptor, an interaction that triggers release of retinol from RBP to the bound cell rather than internalization of retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	167-170
8002949-17	1994	255, 571-579], according to which retinol delivery involves specific binding of RBP to the cell-surface receptor, an interaction that triggers release of retinol from RBP to the bound cell rather than internalization of retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	167-170
8002949-17	1994	255, 571-579], according to which retinol delivery involves specific binding of RBP to the cell-surface receptor, an interaction that triggers release of retinol from RBP to the bound cell rather than internalization of retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	154-161	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	80-83
8002949-17	1994	255, 571-579], according to which retinol delivery involves specific binding of RBP to the cell-surface receptor, an interaction that triggers release of retinol from RBP to the bound cell rather than internalization of retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	154-161	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	167-170
8002949-17	1994	255, 571-579], according to which retinol delivery involves specific binding of RBP to the cell-surface receptor, an interaction that triggers release of retinol from RBP to the bound cell rather than internalization of retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	154-161	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	167-170
8002949-17	1994	255, 571-579], according to which retinol delivery involves specific binding of RBP to the cell-surface receptor, an interaction that triggers release of retinol from RBP to the bound cell rather than internalization of retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	154-161	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	80-83
8002949-17	1994	255, 571-579], according to which retinol delivery involves specific binding of RBP to the cell-surface receptor, an interaction that triggers release of retinol from RBP to the bound cell rather than internalization of retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	154-161	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	167-170
8002949-17	1994	255, 571-579], according to which retinol delivery involves specific binding of RBP to the cell-surface receptor, an interaction that triggers release of retinol from RBP to the bound cell rather than internalization of retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	154-161	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	167-170
8080909-1	1994	Retinols and retinoic acid (vitamin A) are essential for embryonic development; they are transported in circulation bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	28-37	retinol binding protein 4	Sus scrofa	150-153
7506260-8	1994	Acute heat treatment of the testis, chronic ingestion of hydroxyurea, and chronic vitamin A deficiency all reduced the level of the aberrant testicular vasopressin-gene derived RNAs, indicating that their expression is closely associated with the integrity of germ cells and ongoing spermatogenesis.	Vitamin A	82-91	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	152-163
7522659-3	1994	Retinoids, including all-trans retinol, all-trans and 9-cis retinoic acids, enhanced the cell growth and the expression of the type I procollagen gene as well as its peptide synthesis, while reducing collagenase activities.	Vitamin A	31-38	collagen type I alpha 2 chain	Homo sapiens	127-145
8086427-5	1994	In contrast, only a single absorption was observed for bound ligands complexed with rat CRBP over this temperature range, suggesting that the conformational dynamics of retinol binding are different for these two closely homologous proteins.	Vitamin A	169-176	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
7924403-1	1994	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is an extracellular glycolipoprotein which in higher vertebrates has a 4-repeat structure and carries endogenous vitamin A and fatty acids.	Vitamin A	164-173	retinol binding protein 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-43
7924403-1	1994	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is an extracellular glycolipoprotein which in higher vertebrates has a 4-repeat structure and carries endogenous vitamin A and fatty acids.	Vitamin A	164-173	retinol binding protein 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	45-49
7924403-2	1994	The location of IRBP"s 1-2 binding sites for retinol is unknown.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	16-20
7924403-3	1994	To begin to understand which repeat(s) are responsible for ligand-binding, we expressed the fourth repeat of Xenopus IRBP in E. coli to determine if it could by itself bind all-trans retinol.	Vitamin A	183-190	retinol binding protein 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	117-121
7924403-6	1994	The recombinant fourth repeat of Xenopus IRBP binds [3H]all-trans retinol and the fluorescence of this ligand increases 8-fold upon binding.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 3 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	41-45
8207983-1	1994	The current treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL, also called AML3 subtype) is focused on differentiating agents such as the vitamin A derivative all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA).	Vitamin A	135-144	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	72-76
8202959-2	1994	Vitamin A and thyroid hormone metabolism are linked by a common plasma carrier protein transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	0-9	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	87-100
8202959-2	1994	Vitamin A and thyroid hormone metabolism are linked by a common plasma carrier protein transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	0-9	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
8209374-6	1994	Antagonistic effects were found between TCDD and PCB 156 for CYP2B activity and hepatic retinol levels.	Vitamin A	88-95	pyruvate carboxylase	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
8175780-10	1994	The MMPI synthesized by retinol-treated EC was immunologically related to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, type 1 (TIMP-1), and the MMPI produced by retinoic acid-treated cells was related to TIMP-2, as indicated by biosynthetic labeling and immunoprecipitation studies as well as Western blot analysis.	Vitamin A	24-31	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	74-120
8175780-10	1994	The MMPI synthesized by retinol-treated EC was immunologically related to tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, type 1 (TIMP-1), and the MMPI produced by retinoic acid-treated cells was related to TIMP-2, as indicated by biosynthetic labeling and immunoprecipitation studies as well as Western blot analysis.	Vitamin A	24-31	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Homo sapiens	122-128
8179918-0	1994	Expression of MUC2 gene is down-regulated by vitamin A at the transcriptional level in vitro in tracheobronchial epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	45-54	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	14-18
8179918-3	1994	In this communication, the effects of vitamin A on the regulation of MUC2 gene expression in primary tracheobronchial epithelial (TBE) cells of human and nonhuman primates were examined.	Vitamin A	38-47	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	69-73
8179918-9	1994	The corresponding MUC2 message level in primary cultures of monkey TBE cells was down-regulated by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	99-108	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	18-22
8179918-12	1994	A nuclear run-on assay demonstrated a decrease in the transcriptional rate of the MUC2 gene in nuclei isolated from vitamin A-treated cultures.	Vitamin A	116-125	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	82-86
8179918-13	1994	These results suggest that MUC2 gene expression in TBE cells is transcriptionally down-regulated by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	100-109	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Homo sapiens	27-31
8025169-7	1994	Results suggest an integrated system of RBP gene expression and protein secretion that allows for transport of retinol from the uterine endometrium to the periimplantation conceptus during early pregnancy and to the fetal-placental unit throughout pregnancy in pigs.	Vitamin A	111-118	retinol binding protein 4	Sus scrofa	40-43
7519440-0	1994	Hepatic regeneration in vitamin A-deficient rats: changes in the expression of transforming growth factor alpha/epidermal growth factor receptor and retinoic acid receptors alpha and beta.	Vitamin A	24-33	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	79-111
7519440-0	1994	Hepatic regeneration in vitamin A-deficient rats: changes in the expression of transforming growth factor alpha/epidermal growth factor receptor and retinoic acid receptors alpha and beta.	Vitamin A	24-33	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	112-144
7519440-1	1994	We have studied the effect of vitamin A deficiency on the expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), hepatocyte growth factor, acidic fibroblast growth factor, and TGF-beta 1 after partial hepatectomy of vitamin A-supplemented and vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	30-39	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	72-104
7519440-1	1994	We have studied the effect of vitamin A deficiency on the expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), hepatocyte growth factor, acidic fibroblast growth factor, and TGF-beta 1 after partial hepatectomy of vitamin A-supplemented and vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	30-39	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	106-115
7519440-1	1994	We have studied the effect of vitamin A deficiency on the expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), hepatocyte growth factor, acidic fibroblast growth factor, and TGF-beta 1 after partial hepatectomy of vitamin A-supplemented and vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	30-39	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-191
7519440-7	1994	In the vitamin A-supplemented animals, the level of epidermal growth factor receptor was down-regulated following partial hepatectomy.	Vitamin A	7-16	epidermal growth factor receptor	Rattus norvegicus	52-84
7519440-9	1994	Another unexpected result was an inverse relationship between RAR beta and RAR alpha expression, the latter becoming the major species after partial hepatectomy in animals on the vitamin A-deficient regimen.	Vitamin A	179-188	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	62-70
7519440-9	1994	Another unexpected result was an inverse relationship between RAR beta and RAR alpha expression, the latter becoming the major species after partial hepatectomy in animals on the vitamin A-deficient regimen.	Vitamin A	179-188	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	75-84
7926783-0	1994	RXR alpha mutant mice establish a genetic basis for vitamin A signaling in heart morphogenesis.	Vitamin A	52-61	retinoid X receptor alpha	Mus musculus	0-9
8157636-0	1994	Probing the retinol-binding site of bovine beta-lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	12-19	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	43-61
8157636-1	1994	The retinol-binding site of beta-lactoglobulin has been located by selective modification of amino acid residues which reside in the two putative binding sites.	Vitamin A	4-11	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	28-46
8157636-2	1994	Based upon two separate crystallographic analyses of bovine beta-lactoglobulin, different binding sites for retinol have been proposed: one proposal favors an interior cavity, the other a surface cleft.	Vitamin A	108-115	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	60-78
8147339-0	1994	Antibody response against tetanus toxoid is enhanced by lipopolysaccharide or tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vitamin A-sufficient and deficient rats.	Vitamin A	109-118	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	78-105
8147339-6	1994	In conclusion, vitamin A-deficient rats can be stimulated to respond to TT by coimmunization with LPS or by treatment with TNF.	Vitamin A	15-24	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
8130225-5	1994	Other experiments confirmed that "free" 11-cis-retinol was esterified more rapidly than 11-cis-retinol complexed with CRALBP and that CRALBP.11-cis-retinol was not an inhibitor of the esterification.	Vitamin A	88-102	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	118-124
8130225-5	1994	Other experiments confirmed that "free" 11-cis-retinol was esterified more rapidly than 11-cis-retinol complexed with CRALBP and that CRALBP.11-cis-retinol was not an inhibitor of the esterification.	Vitamin A	88-102	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	118-124
8130225-6	1994	Following oxidation of CRALBP.11-cis-retinol, the reaction product, 11-cis-retinaldehyde, was found associated with the binding protein.	Vitamin A	30-44	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	23-29
8130225-8	1994	However, enzymatic oxidation of CRALBP.11-cis-retinol in the presence of O-ethylhydroxylamine produced ca.	Vitamin A	39-53	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	32-38
8130225-10	1994	Neither oxidation nor esterification of CRALBP.11-cis-retinol was inhibited by including CRALBP.11-cis-retinaldehyde in the reaction mixture.	Vitamin A	47-61	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	89-95
8120040-2	1994	Thus ADH participates in the conversion of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) to retinoic acid, a regulatory ligand for the retinoic acid receptor class of transcription factors.	Vitamin A	43-50	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	5-8
8120040-2	1994	Thus ADH participates in the conversion of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) to retinoic acid, a regulatory ligand for the retinoic acid receptor class of transcription factors.	Vitamin A	52-69	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	5-8
7496940-8	1994	In the group of individuals who underwent a secondary response to TT, vitamin A supplementation was also associated with a modest but significant change in the levels of anti-TT IgG3.	Vitamin A	70-79	immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker)	Homo sapiens	178-182
8156788-3	1994	Thymocyte comitogenic assay and interleukin (IL)-6 induction in corneal fibroblasts have shown that thermally injured and mechanically abraded vitamin A-deficient rat corneas produce much higher levels of an IL-1-like factor as compared with uninjured or injured, normal control corneas.	Vitamin A	143-152	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	32-50
8018987-1	1994	The Adh-1 gene product, ADH-A2, the only known murine class I alcohol dehydrogenase, is able to oxidize retinol (vitamin A) into retinaldehyde, the first enzymatic step in the conversion of retinol into its biologically active metabolite retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	104-111	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	4-9
8018987-1	1994	The Adh-1 gene product, ADH-A2, the only known murine class I alcohol dehydrogenase, is able to oxidize retinol (vitamin A) into retinaldehyde, the first enzymatic step in the conversion of retinol into its biologically active metabolite retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	104-111	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	24-30
8018987-1	1994	The Adh-1 gene product, ADH-A2, the only known murine class I alcohol dehydrogenase, is able to oxidize retinol (vitamin A) into retinaldehyde, the first enzymatic step in the conversion of retinol into its biologically active metabolite retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	104-111	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	54-83
8018987-1	1994	The Adh-1 gene product, ADH-A2, the only known murine class I alcohol dehydrogenase, is able to oxidize retinol (vitamin A) into retinaldehyde, the first enzymatic step in the conversion of retinol into its biologically active metabolite retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	113-122	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	4-9
8018987-1	1994	The Adh-1 gene product, ADH-A2, the only known murine class I alcohol dehydrogenase, is able to oxidize retinol (vitamin A) into retinaldehyde, the first enzymatic step in the conversion of retinol into its biologically active metabolite retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	113-122	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	24-30
8018987-1	1994	The Adh-1 gene product, ADH-A2, the only known murine class I alcohol dehydrogenase, is able to oxidize retinol (vitamin A) into retinaldehyde, the first enzymatic step in the conversion of retinol into its biologically active metabolite retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	113-122	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	54-83
8018987-1	1994	The Adh-1 gene product, ADH-A2, the only known murine class I alcohol dehydrogenase, is able to oxidize retinol (vitamin A) into retinaldehyde, the first enzymatic step in the conversion of retinol into its biologically active metabolite retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	190-197	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	4-9
8018987-1	1994	The Adh-1 gene product, ADH-A2, the only known murine class I alcohol dehydrogenase, is able to oxidize retinol (vitamin A) into retinaldehyde, the first enzymatic step in the conversion of retinol into its biologically active metabolite retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	190-197	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	24-30
8018987-1	1994	The Adh-1 gene product, ADH-A2, the only known murine class I alcohol dehydrogenase, is able to oxidize retinol (vitamin A) into retinaldehyde, the first enzymatic step in the conversion of retinol into its biologically active metabolite retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	190-197	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	54-83
8120366-2	1994	We reported that Trichinella spiralis infection stimulates a strong Th2 cell response in control mice but in vitamin A-deficient mice it stimulates a strong Th1 cell response.	Vitamin A	109-118	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	157-160
8120366-8	1994	Together these results identify at least three vitamin A activities that balance Th1 and Th2 functions, down-regulating Th1 cell IFN-gamma secretion directly, decreasing activated APC function, and promoting Th2 cell growth and/or differentiation.	Vitamin A	47-56	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	81-84
8120366-8	1994	Together these results identify at least three vitamin A activities that balance Th1 and Th2 functions, down-regulating Th1 cell IFN-gamma secretion directly, decreasing activated APC function, and promoting Th2 cell growth and/or differentiation.	Vitamin A	47-56	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	89-92
8120366-8	1994	Together these results identify at least three vitamin A activities that balance Th1 and Th2 functions, down-regulating Th1 cell IFN-gamma secretion directly, decreasing activated APC function, and promoting Th2 cell growth and/or differentiation.	Vitamin A	47-56	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	120-123
8120366-8	1994	Together these results identify at least three vitamin A activities that balance Th1 and Th2 functions, down-regulating Th1 cell IFN-gamma secretion directly, decreasing activated APC function, and promoting Th2 cell growth and/or differentiation.	Vitamin A	47-56	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	129-138
8120366-8	1994	Together these results identify at least three vitamin A activities that balance Th1 and Th2 functions, down-regulating Th1 cell IFN-gamma secretion directly, decreasing activated APC function, and promoting Th2 cell growth and/or differentiation.	Vitamin A	47-56	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	208-211
7509163-6	1994	Using this cDNA clone and two known keratin clones, pKA1 (keratins 5 and 6) and pKB2 (keratin 14), we found the levels of these corresponding mRNAs in cultured cells to be reduced 10- to 25-fold after treatment of cells with vitamin A.	Vitamin A	225-234	keratin 14	Homo sapiens	86-96
8301142-9	1994	13-cis-retinoic acid, retinol, retinaldehyde, all-trans etretin, Ro 13-6298, and 9-cis retinoic acid also inhibited IL-1-induced IL-6 production.	Vitamin A	22-29	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	116-120
8301142-9	1994	13-cis-retinoic acid, retinol, retinaldehyde, all-trans etretin, Ro 13-6298, and 9-cis retinoic acid also inhibited IL-1-induced IL-6 production.	Vitamin A	22-29	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	129-133
7832047-8	1994	The importance of RBP in transporting retinol to tissues is suggested by the observations that the visceral yolk sac and the liver of the fetus transcribe and translate RBP.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	18-21
7832047-8	1994	The importance of RBP in transporting retinol to tissues is suggested by the observations that the visceral yolk sac and the liver of the fetus transcribe and translate RBP.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	169-172
8032159-2	1994	However, mammalian ADH has also been shown to function in vitro as a retinol dehydrogenase in the conversion of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) to retinoic acid, a hormone which regulates gene expression at the transcriptional level.	Vitamin A	69-76	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	19-22
7946531-2	1994	TTR is one of three specific carrier proteins involved in the transport of both thyroid hormones and of retinol through the mediation of RBP.	Vitamin A	104-111	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-3
7946531-2	1994	TTR is one of three specific carrier proteins involved in the transport of both thyroid hormones and of retinol through the mediation of RBP.	Vitamin A	104-111	SURP and G-patch domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	137-140
8032159-2	1994	However, mammalian ADH has also been shown to function in vitro as a retinol dehydrogenase in the conversion of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) to retinoic acid, a hormone which regulates gene expression at the transcriptional level.	Vitamin A	121-138	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	19-22
8032159-2	1994	However, mammalian ADH has also been shown to function in vitro as a retinol dehydrogenase in the conversion of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) to retinoic acid, a hormone which regulates gene expression at the transcriptional level.	Vitamin A	121-138	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	69-90
8032159-9	1994	A relationship may exist between these two types of teratogenesis due to the role of ADH in both retinol and ethanol metabolism and the ability of ethanol to competitively inhibit retinol oxidation.	Vitamin A	97-104	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	85-88
8032159-11	1994	Thus, ethanol-induced neural tube defects seen in cases of fetal alcohol syndrome may be due to ethanol inhibition of retinol oxidation catalyzed by an embryonic ADH.	Vitamin A	118-125	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	162-165
8111244-1	1994	Overnight (10-16 h) incubation of retinoic acid (RA), a derivative of vitamin A, specifically induced LTC4 synthase activity (5 to 10-fold), but not LTA4 hydrolase activity in the lysate of rat basophilic leukemia-1 (RBL-1) cells.	Vitamin A	70-79	leukotriene C4 synthase	Rattus norvegicus	102-115
7960487-6	1994	This difference in retinol levels was dependent on changes in RBP, because the ratio of retinol to RBP did not differ between males and females or between the young adults and elderly.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	62-65
7960487-6	1994	This difference in retinol levels was dependent on changes in RBP, because the ratio of retinol to RBP did not differ between males and females or between the young adults and elderly.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	99-102
7960487-6	1994	This difference in retinol levels was dependent on changes in RBP, because the ratio of retinol to RBP did not differ between males and females or between the young adults and elderly.	Vitamin A	88-95	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	62-65
7512147-5	1994	Although both groups had similar mean levels of albumin, transferrin, and APRP, SCD children had significantly lower mean levels of retinol-binding protein (RBP) (P < .001) and retinol-prealbumin (P < .001).	Vitamin A	132-139	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	157-160
7815831-1	1994	The current treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL, also called AML3 subtype) is focused on differentiating agents such as the vitamin A derivative all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA).	Vitamin A	135-144	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	72-76
8172984-5	1994	IGF-1 seric levels showed a significant multiple correlation with albumin, prealbumin, transferrin and retinol-bound protein in both the group with burns (r = 0.696, p < 0.001) and that with neoplasms (r = 0.615, p < 0.001).	Vitamin A	103-110	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
7719263-0	1994	[The influence of vitamin A on production of oxygen free radicals and activity of granulocyte catalase in patients with chronic bronchitis].	Vitamin A	18-27	catalase	Homo sapiens	94-102
7991790-2	1994	Proteins in the 20-kDa range, conceptus-secreted retinol-binding protein (RBP), bound both [3H]retinol and [3H]RA specifically.	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 4	Sus scrofa	74-77
8262951-0	1993	Retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein is a substrate for cytosolic retinoic acid synthesis.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	17-49
8262951-1	1993	Retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) was found to be oxidized to retinoic acid by a soluble activity from calf liver.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	17-49
8262951-1	1993	Retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) was found to be oxidized to retinoic acid by a soluble activity from calf liver.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	51-55
8262951-5	1993	Since the dissociation constant of the bovine retinol-CRBP complex is less than 10(-8) M, whereas the Km for retinol-CRBP is of the same order as the Km for free retinol, synthesis of retinoic acid from retinol-CRBP does not rely on prior dissociation of retinol.	Vitamin A	46-53	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	54-58
8262951-5	1993	Since the dissociation constant of the bovine retinol-CRBP complex is less than 10(-8) M, whereas the Km for retinol-CRBP is of the same order as the Km for free retinol, synthesis of retinoic acid from retinol-CRBP does not rely on prior dissociation of retinol.	Vitamin A	109-116	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	117-121
8262951-5	1993	Since the dissociation constant of the bovine retinol-CRBP complex is less than 10(-8) M, whereas the Km for retinol-CRBP is of the same order as the Km for free retinol, synthesis of retinoic acid from retinol-CRBP does not rely on prior dissociation of retinol.	Vitamin A	109-116	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	117-121
8262951-6	1993	ApoCRBP proved to be a specific inhibitor of retinoic acid synthesis from CRBP-bound retinol.	Vitamin A	85-92	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	3-7
8262951-7	1993	Its inhibitory effect was indistinguishable from the dilution of the radioactive retinol-CRBP substrate that was obtained by the addition of unlabeled holoCRBP.	Vitamin A	81-88	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	89-93
8262951-8	1993	In contrast, the oxidation of CRBP-bound retinol was not inhibited by the addition of other retinoid binding proteins nor by the addition of either free retinol or retinol complexed with proteins distinct from CRBP.	Vitamin A	41-48	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	30-34
8262951-9	1993	These results indicate that the protein moiety of holoCRBP is specifically recognized by the cytosolic enzyme system that catalyzes retinoic acid synthesis from CRBP-bound retinol.	Vitamin A	172-179	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	54-58
8307607-7	1993	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels in supernatants from Con A-stimulated mesenteric lymph node cells were also higher in the vitamin A-deficient rats, while IL-6 levels were decreased, which is consistent with an up-regulated Th1 activity.	Vitamin A	151-160	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
8307607-7	1993	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels in supernatants from Con A-stimulated mesenteric lymph node cells were also higher in the vitamin A-deficient rats, while IL-6 levels were decreased, which is consistent with an up-regulated Th1 activity.	Vitamin A	151-160	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
8307607-7	1993	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels in supernatants from Con A-stimulated mesenteric lymph node cells were also higher in the vitamin A-deficient rats, while IL-6 levels were decreased, which is consistent with an up-regulated Th1 activity.	Vitamin A	151-160	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	25-41
8307607-7	1993	Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels in supernatants from Con A-stimulated mesenteric lymph node cells were also higher in the vitamin A-deficient rats, while IL-6 levels were decreased, which is consistent with an up-regulated Th1 activity.	Vitamin A	151-160	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	43-52
8253868-0	1993	Expression of a squamous cell marker, the spr1 gene, is posttranscriptionally down-regulated by retinol in airway epithelium.	Vitamin A	96-103	psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 2	Homo sapiens	42-46
8253868-3	1993	To understand how vitamin A suppresses squamous cell differentiation, the expression of a squamous cell differentiation marker, the small proline-rich protein gene (spr1), was studied in cultured monkey tracheobronchial epithelial (TBE) cells.	Vitamin A	18-27	psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 2	Homo sapiens	165-169
8253868-4	1993	The expression of the spr1 gene was inhibited about 40 fold by retinol.	Vitamin A	63-70	psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
8253868-5	1993	The mRNA levels of the spr1 gene started to decline within 6 h of retinol treatment and reached a minimum level after 7 days.	Vitamin A	66-73	psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 2	Homo sapiens	23-27
8253868-7	1993	The inhibition of the spr1 mRNA by retinol was not due to a decrease in the transcription rate of its gene but due to a decrease in its stability, as determined by nuclear run-on assays and mRNA half-life measurement, respectively.	Vitamin A	35-42	psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
8253868-10	1993	These results suggest that spr1 gene expression is posttranscriptionally down-regulated by retinol.	Vitamin A	91-98	psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 2	Homo sapiens	27-31
7516425-1	1993	The effect of dietary proteins and vitamin A status on the gene expression of cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBP I) was studied in the rat liver.	Vitamin A	35-44	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-112
7516425-1	1993	The effect of dietary proteins and vitamin A status on the gene expression of cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBP I) was studied in the rat liver.	Vitamin A	35-44	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-120
7516425-3	1993	Though vitamin A status is known to positively regulate the gene expression of CRBP I in the extrahepatic tissues, in the present study we observed that the amount of the CRBP I transcript in liver was neither reduced by vitamin A-deficiency, nor affected by replenishment with an excess dose of all-trans retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	7-16	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-85
7516425-3	1993	Though vitamin A status is known to positively regulate the gene expression of CRBP I in the extrahepatic tissues, in the present study we observed that the amount of the CRBP I transcript in liver was neither reduced by vitamin A-deficiency, nor affected by replenishment with an excess dose of all-trans retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	7-16	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-177
7516425-5	1993	However, when the rats were fed on the diets that differed in dietary proteins, the gene expression of CRBP I in liver was enhanced by higher quality and quantity of dietary proteins, though no effect of dietary proteins was observed upon the hepatic contents of retinol.	Vitamin A	263-270	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-109
7516425-6	1993	The concentrations of serum retinol were almost proportional to the mRNA levels of CRBP I.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-89
7516425-9	1993	Thus, it is likely that in the light of the function of CRBP I on cellular transport and metabolism of retinol, dietary proteins may affect the actions of vitamin A in the extrahepatic tissues through changing the amounts of CRBP I in liver.	Vitamin A	103-110	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-62
7516425-9	1993	Thus, it is likely that in the light of the function of CRBP I on cellular transport and metabolism of retinol, dietary proteins may affect the actions of vitamin A in the extrahepatic tissues through changing the amounts of CRBP I in liver.	Vitamin A	155-164	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	225-231
8224917-4	1993	The availability of this expression system makes it possible to obtain large quantities of hRBP to facilitate our continuing studies of retinol and RBP metabolism.	Vitamin A	136-143	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	91-95
8227049-4	1993	The model of the retinoid-RBP complex is nearly identical to that of bovine retinol-RBP complex; the root mean square deviations between the alpha-carbons in the two proteins is 0.15 A.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	26-29
8227049-4	1993	The model of the retinoid-RBP complex is nearly identical to that of bovine retinol-RBP complex; the root mean square deviations between the alpha-carbons in the two proteins is 0.15 A.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	84-87
8224917-4	1993	The availability of this expression system makes it possible to obtain large quantities of hRBP to facilitate our continuing studies of retinol and RBP metabolism.	Vitamin A	136-143	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	92-95
8250844-1	1993	In order to express human serum retinol-binding protein (sRBP) in Escherichia coli in a form that is structurally indistinguishable from the native protein, we placed the coding sequence of the RBP cDNA next to that of the outer membrane protein A (OmpA) signal sequence in the secretion vector, pIN-III-OmpA1.	Vitamin A	32-39	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
8250844-6	1993	After charging with retinol, the secreted RBP was purified from the periplasm on a transthyretin-affinity resin.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
8232538-3	1993	The random spontaneous events are strongly temperature-dependent and have been attributed to thermal isomerizations of the vitamin A chromophore of rhodopsin, the light-sensitive molecule in photoreceptors.	Vitamin A	123-132	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	148-157
8218196-6	1993	Long-chain fatty acids were found in this study to displace all-trans-retinol from the stronger retinol-binding site on IRBP.	Vitamin A	60-77	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	120-124
8286591-0	1993	Retinol differentially regulates male germ cell-associated kinase (mak) messenger ribonucleic acid expression during spermatogenesis.	Vitamin A	0-7	male germ cell-associated kinase	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
8286591-1	1993	Retinol down-regulates male germ cell-associated kinase (mak) transcripts during the spermatogonial proliferation phase of spermatogenesis.	Vitamin A	0-7	male germ cell-associated kinase	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
8286591-2	1993	Mak transcripts of 2.6- and 3.4 kb were detected in vitamin A-deficient germ cells, but decreased to undetectable levels shortly after retinol replacement to vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	52-61	male germ cell-associated kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8286591-2	1993	Mak transcripts of 2.6- and 3.4 kb were detected in vitamin A-deficient germ cells, but decreased to undetectable levels shortly after retinol replacement to vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	135-142	male germ cell-associated kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8286591-2	1993	Mak transcripts of 2.6- and 3.4 kb were detected in vitamin A-deficient germ cells, but decreased to undetectable levels shortly after retinol replacement to vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	158-167	male germ cell-associated kinase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
8286591-7	1993	These results suggest that the mak gene in early germ cells responds to retinol in an opposite manner from the mak gene in spermatocytes or in round spermatids.	Vitamin A	72-79	male germ cell-associated kinase	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
8286593-2	1993	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) are two proteins found in Sertoli cells that are known to be involved in vitamin A trafficking.	Vitamin A	157-166	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
8286593-2	1993	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) are two proteins found in Sertoli cells that are known to be involved in vitamin A trafficking.	Vitamin A	157-166	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
8286593-2	1993	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) are two proteins found in Sertoli cells that are known to be involved in vitamin A trafficking.	Vitamin A	157-166	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	44-76
8286593-2	1993	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) are two proteins found in Sertoli cells that are known to be involved in vitamin A trafficking.	Vitamin A	157-166	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
8286593-9	1993	The presence of LRAT activity within adluminal germ cells suggests that they receive vitamin A as retinol and synthesize the retinyl esters that have been shown to be present in mature sperm.	Vitamin A	85-94	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
8286593-9	1993	The presence of LRAT activity within adluminal germ cells suggests that they receive vitamin A as retinol and synthesize the retinyl esters that have been shown to be present in mature sperm.	Vitamin A	98-105	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
7910550-0	1993	v-erbA and citral reduce the teratogenic effects of all-trans retinoic acid and retinol, respectively, in Xenopus embryogenesis.	Vitamin A	80-87	thyroid hormone receptor alpha L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	2-6
7910550-4	1993	The feasibility of this approach was demonstrated by the ability of citral treatment and v-erbA mRNA injection to reduce the teratogenic effects of exogenous retinol and retinoic acid, respectively, in early Xenopus development.	Vitamin A	158-165	thyroid hormone receptor alpha L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	91-95
8224003-3	1993	First, we examined the effect of retinol binding protein (RBP) on retinol transport into cultured SC of rat liver.	Vitamin A	33-40	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
8224003-4	1993	Rat holo-RBP added to the medium inhibited retinol uptake into SC.	Vitamin A	43-50	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
8224003-11	1993	Progesterone, previously shown to increase the esterification of retinol by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in vitro, was added to the SC medium; progesterone facilitated retinol uptake in cultured SC.	Vitamin A	65-72	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	76-108
8224003-11	1993	Progesterone, previously shown to increase the esterification of retinol by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in vitro, was added to the SC medium; progesterone facilitated retinol uptake in cultured SC.	Vitamin A	65-72	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
8224003-11	1993	Progesterone, previously shown to increase the esterification of retinol by lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in vitro, was added to the SC medium; progesterone facilitated retinol uptake in cultured SC.	Vitamin A	85-92	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
8224003-13	1993	However, the specific transport of retinol is likely to be dependent on the intracellular esterification of retinol by LRAT in SC.	Vitamin A	35-42	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
8224003-13	1993	However, the specific transport of retinol is likely to be dependent on the intracellular esterification of retinol by LRAT in SC.	Vitamin A	108-115	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
8246923-8	1993	In the presence of GH, the induction of P4502C7 mRNA appeared additive to the effect of retinol at all concentrations used and to all-trans retinoic acid at concentrations up to 1 microM.	Vitamin A	88-95	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	19-21
8246923-10	1993	In the presence of GH, P4502C7 was induced 8-fold by retinol, whereas the induction by saturating concentration of all-trans retinoic acid showed no significant additional effect of GH.	Vitamin A	53-60	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	19-21
8218196-6	1993	Long-chain fatty acids were found in this study to displace all-trans-retinol from the stronger retinol-binding site on IRBP.	Vitamin A	70-77	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	120-124
8408080-2	1993	In cultured hepatoma HepG2 cells, serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) is secreted more rapidly in the presence of retinol than in its absence (Tosetti, F., Ferrari, N., Pfeffer, U., Brigati, C., and Vidali, G. (1992) Exp.	Vitamin A	40-47	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	65-68
8408080-6	1993	Secretion of this post-translationally folded RBP is also dependent on the presence of retinol.	Vitamin A	87-94	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	46-49
8408080-9	1993	Retinol, as well as retinoic acid, stabilized both compact I and II RBP intermediates to DTT-induced unfolding, suggesting that RBP assumes different conformations in the ER in the presence and absence of a ligand.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	68-71
8408080-9	1993	Retinol, as well as retinoic acid, stabilized both compact I and II RBP intermediates to DTT-induced unfolding, suggesting that RBP assumes different conformations in the ER in the presence and absence of a ligand.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	128-131
8408080-10	1993	However, only RBP synthesized in the presence of retinol is rapidly secreted, indicating that the ER export quality control system recognizes RBP containing retinol, but not retinoic acid, as fully folded and competent for export.	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	14-17
8408080-10	1993	However, only RBP synthesized in the presence of retinol is rapidly secreted, indicating that the ER export quality control system recognizes RBP containing retinol, but not retinoic acid, as fully folded and competent for export.	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	142-145
8408080-10	1993	However, only RBP synthesized in the presence of retinol is rapidly secreted, indicating that the ER export quality control system recognizes RBP containing retinol, but not retinoic acid, as fully folded and competent for export.	Vitamin A	157-164	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	14-17
8408080-10	1993	However, only RBP synthesized in the presence of retinol is rapidly secreted, indicating that the ER export quality control system recognizes RBP containing retinol, but not retinoic acid, as fully folded and competent for export.	Vitamin A	157-164	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	142-145
8398182-0	1993	A small proline-rich protein regulated by vitamin A in tracheal epithelial cells is induced in lung tumors.	Vitamin A	42-51	proline-rich protein 3	Sus scrofa	8-28
8399088-1	1993	Addition of retinol (vitamin A) and retinoic acid to the culture medium resulted in a time- and dose-dependent increase in the secretion of apoA-I.	Vitamin A	12-19	apolipoprotein A-I	Macaca fascicularis	140-146
8399088-1	1993	Addition of retinol (vitamin A) and retinoic acid to the culture medium resulted in a time- and dose-dependent increase in the secretion of apoA-I.	Vitamin A	21-30	apolipoprotein A-I	Macaca fascicularis	140-146
8269031-11	1993	The production of mucin was independent of substrate and vitamin A as the cultures were propagated on the plastic surfaces and the culture medium lacked vitamin A.	Vitamin A	153-162	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	18-23
8218196-0	1993	Interactions of all-trans-retinol and long-chain fatty acids with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein.	Vitamin A	16-33	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	66-109
8218196-2	1993	The interactions of IRBP with all-trans-retinol have been studied by three fluorescence-based methods and by measurements of binding of 3[H]-labeled all-trans-retinol to this protein.	Vitamin A	30-47	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	20-24
8218196-2	1993	The interactions of IRBP with all-trans-retinol have been studied by three fluorescence-based methods and by measurements of binding of 3[H]-labeled all-trans-retinol to this protein.	Vitamin A	34-47	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	20-24
8218196-3	1993	It was found that IRBP contains two sites with similar but not identical affinities for all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	91-105	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	18-22
8282025-9	1993	One day after retinol administration, the mean IRBP immunolabeling density had returned to that observed in the +A rats.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
8410127-10	1993	CONCLUSION: 4HPR, at 200 mg/d for 5 years, resulted in constant drug plasma levels and constant retinol level reduction.	Vitamin A	96-103	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	13-16
8397208-2	1993	Retinol, a metabolic precursor of retinal and retinoic acid, is transported in plasma by the plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	125-128
8397208-3	1993	The cellular uptake of retinol from RBP is believed to involve a specific membrane receptor for RBP.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	36-39
8397208-3	1993	The cellular uptake of retinol from RBP is believed to involve a specific membrane receptor for RBP.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	96-99
7548118-8	1993	For transport in serum, retinol is bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), which in turn forms a complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	24-31	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	44-67
7548118-8	1993	For transport in serum, retinol is bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), which in turn forms a complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	24-31	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	69-72
7548118-8	1993	For transport in serum, retinol is bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), which in turn forms a complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	24-31	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	110-123
7548118-8	1993	For transport in serum, retinol is bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), which in turn forms a complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	24-31	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	125-128
7548118-10	1993	The results demonstrate that both serum and yolk contain the tertiary retinol-RBP-TTR complexes as well as free RBP and TTR.	Vitamin A	70-77	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	78-81
7548118-10	1993	The results demonstrate that both serum and yolk contain the tertiary retinol-RBP-TTR complexes as well as free RBP and TTR.	Vitamin A	70-77	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	82-85
8360175-11	1993	The cycle of RBP internalization and degradation by F9 cells bearing specific RBP receptors may provide a regulable mechanism for the cellular accumulation of serum retinol.	Vitamin A	165-172	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	13-16
8360175-11	1993	The cycle of RBP internalization and degradation by F9 cells bearing specific RBP receptors may provide a regulable mechanism for the cellular accumulation of serum retinol.	Vitamin A	165-172	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	78-81
8219401-9	1993	Their activation by CYP2E1 now provides an understanding for the increased susceptibility of the heavy drinker to the toxicity of industrial solvents, anaesthetic agents, commonly prescribed drugs, "over the counter" analgesics, chemical carcinogens and even nutritional factors such as vitamin A.	Vitamin A	287-296	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	20-26
8260484-5	1993	Hb was strongly correlated with retinol, ferritin, MCHC, MCH, packed cell volume and erythrocyte count while retinol formed a triad with transthyretin (TTR) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) which were all correlated with one another.	Vitamin A	109-116	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	137-150
8260484-5	1993	Hb was strongly correlated with retinol, ferritin, MCHC, MCH, packed cell volume and erythrocyte count while retinol formed a triad with transthyretin (TTR) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) which were all correlated with one another.	Vitamin A	109-116	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	152-155
8260484-5	1993	Hb was strongly correlated with retinol, ferritin, MCHC, MCH, packed cell volume and erythrocyte count while retinol formed a triad with transthyretin (TTR) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) which were all correlated with one another.	Vitamin A	109-116	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	161-184
8375617-1	1993	Studies have been conducted to investigate the structure-function relationships of retinoids in their in vitro interaction with plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and in their influence on plasma retinol concentration.	Vitamin A	135-142	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
8375617-5	1993	A marked lowering of plasma retinol occurs early (within 5 h) after administration of retinoids that interact with RBP in vitro, whereas it occurs at later times (24 h) after retinoids that do not interact with RBP.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
8375617-7	1993	The early reduction of plasma retinol might be the consequence of in vivo specific binding of retinoids to RBP, as suggested by the in vitro results.	Vitamin A	30-37	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
8395395-6	1993	A specific induction of the cellular retinol-binding protein CRBP I mRNA was observed following retinoid treatment in one of the two FRIC lines examined (FRIC B) and in organ culture.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-67
8228637-0	1993	Intestinal vitamin A metabolism: coordinate distribution of enzymes and CRBP(II).	Vitamin A	11-20	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	72-80
8370963-2	1993	Cornifin mRNA and protein, which are absent in the normal mucociliary tracheal epithelium, are induced in the suprabasal layers of the squamous metaplastic tracheal epithelium of vitamin A-deficient hamsters.	Vitamin A	179-188	small proline rich protein 1B	Homo sapiens	0-8
8360775-4	1993	Previous studies found that HPR decreased secretion of the retinol-RBP complex into plasma.	Vitamin A	59-66	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
8360775-6	1993	Liver RBP concentrations in HPR- and retinol-treated rats were 45 and 18%, respectively, of concentrations in Tween-treated rats, indicating rapid RBP secretion.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	6-9
8360775-6	1993	Liver RBP concentrations in HPR- and retinol-treated rats were 45 and 18%, respectively, of concentrations in Tween-treated rats, indicating rapid RBP secretion.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
8360775-7	1993	Tween- and HPR-treated rats maintained relatively constant serum RBP concentrations, whereas retinol-replete rats had 12-fold higher serum RBP after 150 min.	Vitamin A	93-100	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
8360775-8	1993	Rats treated with HPR and rats treated with retinol had 29- and eightfold higher kidney RBP concentrations, respectively, than Tween-treated rats, indicating rapid clearance of RBP from plasma.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
8360775-8	1993	Rats treated with HPR and rats treated with retinol had 29- and eightfold higher kidney RBP concentrations, respectively, than Tween-treated rats, indicating rapid clearance of RBP from plasma.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	177-180
8338047-3	1993	Serum retinol was not associated with symptoms of illness but showed a significant negative correlation with both alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and serum amyloid A (SAA).	Vitamin A	6-13	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	150-165
8338047-3	1993	Serum retinol was not associated with symptoms of illness but showed a significant negative correlation with both alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and serum amyloid A (SAA).	Vitamin A	6-13	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	167-170
8214886-1	1993	We used size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to investigate the properties of the 2 isoforms of Vitamin A-containing (holo) retinol-binding protein (RBP) in animals: the form that is bound to transthyretin (holo-TTR-RBP), and the form that does not bind to TTR (holo-free RBP).	Vitamin A	120-129	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	148-171
8214886-1	1993	We used size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to investigate the properties of the 2 isoforms of Vitamin A-containing (holo) retinol-binding protein (RBP) in animals: the form that is bound to transthyretin (holo-TTR-RBP), and the form that does not bind to TTR (holo-free RBP).	Vitamin A	120-129	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	173-176
8373966-8	1993	Expression of RBP in expanding conceptuses, developing extraembryonic membranes, and sites of fetal-maternal attachment suggests that the extraembryonic membranes regulate retinol transport and availability within the conceptus.	Vitamin A	172-179	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	14-17
8405772-6	1993	Loricrin is expressed in the granular layer of all mammalian orthokeratinizing epithelia tested including oral, esophageal and fore-stomach mucosa of rodents, tracheal squamous metaplasia of vitamin A deficient hamster and estrogen induced squamous vaginal epithelium of ovary ectomized rats.	Vitamin A	191-200	loricrin cornified envelope precursor protein	Homo sapiens	0-8
8405389-4	1993	At this time the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase and that of alcohol dehydrogenase, two enzymes involved in biosynthesis of RA from retinol, were similar in the liver of alcoholized and pair-fed mice.	Vitamin A	135-142	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	64-85
8405184-4	1993	These findings suggest that vitamin A serves not only as rhodopsin"s chromophore but also influences Rh1 opsin gene transcription.	Vitamin A	28-37	neither inactivation nor afterpotential E	Drosophila melanogaster	61-66
8408867-1	1993	Effects of trans and cis isomers of retinol and retinoic acid on IgM secretion by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes were evaluated in vitro.	Vitamin A	36-43	IgM	Bos taurus	65-68
8408867-9	1993	These results indicate that retinol and retinoic acid modulate polyclonal IgM secretion by cultures of bovine mononuclear leukocytes stimulated by mitogen.	Vitamin A	28-35	IgM	Bos taurus	74-77
8319203-1	1993	Fenretinide (HPR), 13-cis-retinoic acid, and all-trans-retinoic acid are vitamin A derivatives used in the treatment of cancer and severe acne.	Vitamin A	73-82	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	13-16
7686167-0	1993	Pretreatment with vitamin A inhibits transforming growth factor alpha stimulation of human mammary carcinoma cells.	Vitamin A	18-27	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	37-69
7686167-4	1993	We examined the effect of retinol treatment on TGF alpha stimulation of two human mammary carcinoma cell lines, one which is growth inhibited by retinol and one which is not.	Vitamin A	26-33	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	47-56
7686167-5	1993	Pretreatment of both cell lines for 48 hours with retinol resulted in inhibition of TGF alpha stimulation of growth.	Vitamin A	50-57	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	84-93
7686167-7	1993	However, TGF alpha-induced stimulation of the EGF receptor substrate, phospholipase C-gamma 1, was abrogated in the T47D cell line with retinol pretreatment.	Vitamin A	136-143	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	9-18
7686167-7	1993	However, TGF alpha-induced stimulation of the EGF receptor substrate, phospholipase C-gamma 1, was abrogated in the T47D cell line with retinol pretreatment.	Vitamin A	136-143	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	46-58
7686167-7	1993	However, TGF alpha-induced stimulation of the EGF receptor substrate, phospholipase C-gamma 1, was abrogated in the T47D cell line with retinol pretreatment.	Vitamin A	136-143	phospholipase C gamma 1	Homo sapiens	70-93
7686167-8	1993	In the MDA-MB-468 cell line, pretreatment with retinol resulted in a decrease in tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor.	Vitamin A	47-54	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	113-125
7686167-9	1993	These results suggest that pretreatment with retinol decreases cellular proliferation seen with TGF alpha treatment by altering phospholipase C-gamma 1 response and/or EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity.	Vitamin A	45-52	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	96-105
7686167-9	1993	These results suggest that pretreatment with retinol decreases cellular proliferation seen with TGF alpha treatment by altering phospholipase C-gamma 1 response and/or EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity.	Vitamin A	45-52	phospholipase C gamma 1	Homo sapiens	128-151
7686167-9	1993	These results suggest that pretreatment with retinol decreases cellular proliferation seen with TGF alpha treatment by altering phospholipase C-gamma 1 response and/or EGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity.	Vitamin A	45-52	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	168-180
8100575-3	1993	The binding of the glucocorticoid receptor was higher in vitamin A--deficient rats than in controls and restored by retinoic acid supplementation, but did not differ from controls in the vitamin A--overloaded rats.	Vitamin A	57-66	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-42
8371067-5	1993	The activity of LRAT was assayed both by monitoring the esterification of retinol bound to the cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and of solvent-dispersed retinol.	Vitamin A	74-81	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-127
8371067-5	1993	The activity of LRAT was assayed both by monitoring the esterification of retinol bound to the cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and of solvent-dispersed retinol.	Vitamin A	74-81	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-133
8100575-5	1993	The activity of tyrosine aminotransferase reflected glucocorticoid receptor binding in vitamin A--deficient and vitamin A--restored rats.	Vitamin A	87-96	nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-75
8504149-0	1993	Dietary vitamin A modulates lecithin-retinol acyltransferase activity in developing chick intestine.	Vitamin A	8-17	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	28-60
8504149-1	1993	Retinol absorbed and generated from beta-carotene requires to be esterified by lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in intestinal absorptive cells.	Vitamin A	0-7	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	79-111
8504149-1	1993	Retinol absorbed and generated from beta-carotene requires to be esterified by lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in intestinal absorptive cells.	Vitamin A	0-7	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	113-117
8504149-5	1993	The chicks fed vitamin A-depleted diet showed significantly reduced LRAT activity and CRBP(II) in duodenum as early as 3 days after the start of the vitamin A-depleted diet.	Vitamin A	15-24	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	68-72
8504149-5	1993	The chicks fed vitamin A-depleted diet showed significantly reduced LRAT activity and CRBP(II) in duodenum as early as 3 days after the start of the vitamin A-depleted diet.	Vitamin A	15-24	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	86-94
8504149-6	1993	Changing the diet from vitamin A-depleted to vitamin A-supplemented diet led to an increase in duodenal LRAT activity within 24 h, while serum retinol concentration remained unchanged.	Vitamin A	23-32	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	104-108
8504149-6	1993	Changing the diet from vitamin A-depleted to vitamin A-supplemented diet led to an increase in duodenal LRAT activity within 24 h, while serum retinol concentration remained unchanged.	Vitamin A	45-54	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	104-108
8504149-7	1993	These results suggest that duodenal LRAT activity and CRBP(II) are modulated by dietary vitamin A during the perinatal period.	Vitamin A	88-97	lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase)	Gallus gallus	36-40
8504149-7	1993	These results suggest that duodenal LRAT activity and CRBP(II) are modulated by dietary vitamin A during the perinatal period.	Vitamin A	88-97	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	54-62
8333594-1	1993	Hepatotoxins such as ethanol and CCl4 are known to adversely affect vitamin A metabolism, although the effects of acute exposure to these agents have received less evaluation.	Vitamin A	68-77	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	33-37
8333594-5	1993	The results of repeated CCl4/phenobarbital dosings on vitamin A status paralleled, for the most part, the ethanol results.	Vitamin A	54-63	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
8495415-0	1993	Inhibition of epidermal growth factor-like growth factor secretion in tracheobronchial epithelial cells by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	107-116	LOC521832	Bos taurus	14-37
8512473-0	1993	Supplemental vitamin A retards loss of ERG amplitude in retinitis pigmentosa.	Vitamin A	13-22	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	39-42
8495415-11	1993	Using the TGF-alpha antibody, the presence of a TGF-alpha-specific antigen was found to be 3-fold higher in the conditioned medium obtained from the vitamin A-deficient cultures than that derived from retinol-treated cultures.	Vitamin A	149-158	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	10-19
8495415-5	1993	However, it was observed that retinol exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of TBE cell growth when EGF was removed from this serum-free culture condition.	Vitamin A	30-37	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	98-101
8495415-11	1993	Using the TGF-alpha antibody, the presence of a TGF-alpha-specific antigen was found to be 3-fold higher in the conditioned medium obtained from the vitamin A-deficient cultures than that derived from retinol-treated cultures.	Vitamin A	149-158	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	48-57
8495415-11	1993	Using the TGF-alpha antibody, the presence of a TGF-alpha-specific antigen was found to be 3-fold higher in the conditioned medium obtained from the vitamin A-deficient cultures than that derived from retinol-treated cultures.	Vitamin A	201-208	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	48-57
8495415-13	1993	These results suggest that vitamin A plays an important regulatory role in the paracrine/autocrine secretion of EGF/TGF-alpha-like mitogen in TBE cell cultures.	Vitamin A	27-36	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	112-115
8495415-7	1993	This type of EGF-retinol interacting phenomenon was not observed with the 5 remaining hormonal supplements.	Vitamin A	17-24	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	13-16
8495415-13	1993	These results suggest that vitamin A plays an important regulatory role in the paracrine/autocrine secretion of EGF/TGF-alpha-like mitogen in TBE cell cultures.	Vitamin A	27-36	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	116-125
8502524-12	1993	In multivariate analysis, higher modified PRISM scores were associated with lower retinol concentration (beta coefficient -.0144, P = .025) even after controlling for hospitalization, presence of complications, race, age, receipt of Aid to Families With Dependent Children, gender, and interval from rash onset until serum was collected.	Vitamin A	82-89	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	233-236
8595809-11	1993	The lag in rhodopsin recovery was apparently due to delayed uptake of retinol from the blood by the RPE.	Vitamin A	70-77	rhodopsin	Rattus norvegicus	11-20
8595809-14	1993	Commensurate with this regrowth of the outer segments, both rhodopsin levels and visual sensitivity increased between 1 and 7 days after vitamin A administration.	Vitamin A	137-146	rhodopsin	Rattus norvegicus	60-69
8496140-6	1993	The loops that surround the opening of the beta-barrel are also particularly conserved, in contrast with the presence of several substitutions in parts of the RBP molecule opposite the opening of the calyx that binds retinol.	Vitamin A	217-224	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	159-162
8496140-10	1993	A not yet identified electron density, different in shape and orientation from retinol, also occupies the central cavity of the beta-barrel in the unliganded bRBP, as found for unliganded human RBP.	Vitamin A	79-86	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	159-162
8496140-11	1993	The functional consequences of the conformational change induced by the removal of retinol on the interaction between RBP and transthyretin, coupled with the conservation of the entrance loops of the beta-barrel in mammalian RBPs, are consistent with their participation in molecular interactions.	Vitamin A	83-90	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	118-121
8498603-5	1993	In plasma of vitamin A-deficient rats, TPA activity was decreased by a factor of three, whereas PAI-1 activity was increased twofold.	Vitamin A	13-22	serpin family E member 2	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
8498603-5	1993	In plasma of vitamin A-deficient rats, TPA activity was decreased by a factor of three, whereas PAI-1 activity was increased twofold.	Vitamin A	13-22	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
8489497-11	1993	Reversal of the LRAT reaction could contribute to the mobilization of 11-cis-retinol from 11-cis-retinyl ester pools.	Vitamin A	70-84	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Bos taurus	16-20
8491550-9	1993	Bright light alone moderately depressed retinal rhodopsin levels in animals fed the diet containing a vitamin A precursor of 11-cis retinal.	Vitamin A	102-111	rhodopsin	Rattus norvegicus	48-57
8482724-6	1993	Northern blot analyses showed that mRNA levels for TGF-beta 2 but not for TGF-beta 1 increased in cells treated with retinol.	Vitamin A	117-124	transforming growth factor beta 2	Bos taurus	51-61
8487104-1	1993	We tested the hypothesis that the fraction of an injected dose (FDp) of [3H]retinol remaining in plasma could be used to predict liver vitamin A mass.	Vitamin A	76-83	fructose-bisphosphatase 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
8487104-1	1993	We tested the hypothesis that the fraction of an injected dose (FDp) of [3H]retinol remaining in plasma could be used to predict liver vitamin A mass.	Vitamin A	135-144	fructose-bisphosphatase 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
8487104-4	1993	By expanding the regression equation [liver vitamin A (nmol) = 88,928.exp(-1347.FDp) + 5606.exp(-120.FDp)] and using the FDp at 4.4 d, liver vitamin A levels ranging from < 4 to 23,000 nmol were well predicted.	Vitamin A	44-53	fructose-bisphosphatase 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
8316755-3	1993	Retinol-binding protein levels rose steeply in relation to vitamin A levels of up to approximately 800 micrograms l-1.	Vitamin A	59-68	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
8316755-4	1993	However, RBP levels remained constant when vitamin A levels were between 800 and 1600 micrograms l-1 but displayed a further steep rise for vitamin A levels above this range.	Vitamin A	43-52	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	9-12
8316755-4	1993	However, RBP levels remained constant when vitamin A levels were between 800 and 1600 micrograms l-1 but displayed a further steep rise for vitamin A levels above this range.	Vitamin A	140-149	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	9-12
8316755-9	1993	The study demonstrates that a linear one-to-one relationship between RBP and vitamin A may not be of regular occurrence as previously assumed.	Vitamin A	77-86	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	69-72
8481396-4	1993	Other hydrophobic compounds also inhibited LOX activity; oleic acid and retinol were competitive inhibitors whereas tocopherol acetate and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) were non-competitive inhibitors.	Vitamin A	72-79	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	43-46
7683727-7	1993	In CRBP, the all-trans-retinol has a planar conformation with its alcohol group hydrogen bonding to the side-chain of glutamine 108 (equivalent to residue 106 in P2).	Vitamin A	13-30	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	3-7
7683727-8	1993	The local interactions of glutamine 108 explain CRBP"s preference for binding retinol rather than retinal.	Vitamin A	78-85	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
8487303-9	1993	Exogenously added retinol was found within the cavity of each holo-cellular retinol-binding protein II molecule.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	67-102
8487303-12	1993	The overall conformation of the bound retinol was derived from the four different molecules of holo-cellular retinol-binding protein II present in the triclinic form.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	100-135
8463314-1	1993	A comparative study of the interactions of rat cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) with a number of synthetic phenyl-substituted analogs of all-trans-retinol was performed using fluorescence and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.	Vitamin A	198-211	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-79
8463314-1	1993	A comparative study of the interactions of rat cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) with a number of synthetic phenyl-substituted analogs of all-trans-retinol was performed using fluorescence and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.	Vitamin A	198-211	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	128-135
8463337-1	1993	The mammalian small intestine contains two related cellular retinol-binding proteins, CRBP and CRBP II, which are thought to have distinct functions.	Vitamin A	60-67	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	95-102
8463337-1	1993	The mammalian small intestine contains two related cellular retinol-binding proteins, CRBP and CRBP II, which are thought to have distinct functions.	Vitamin A	60-67	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	86-90
8463337-5	1993	Retinol uptake and retinyl ester synthesis were increased up to 2-fold by coexpression of CRBP or over-expression of CRBP II.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	90-94
8463337-5	1993	Retinol uptake and retinyl ester synthesis were increased up to 2-fold by coexpression of CRBP or over-expression of CRBP II.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	117-124
8463337-11	1993	These studies indicate that CRBP and CRBP II levels are determinants of intracellular retinol accumulation and esterification, and they suggest that CRBP-bound retinol or a metabolite can regulate the expression of CRBP II in the mammalian intestine.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
8463337-11	1993	These studies indicate that CRBP and CRBP II levels are determinants of intracellular retinol accumulation and esterification, and they suggest that CRBP-bound retinol or a metabolite can regulate the expression of CRBP II in the mammalian intestine.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	37-44
8463337-11	1993	These studies indicate that CRBP and CRBP II levels are determinants of intracellular retinol accumulation and esterification, and they suggest that CRBP-bound retinol or a metabolite can regulate the expression of CRBP II in the mammalian intestine.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
8463337-11	1993	These studies indicate that CRBP and CRBP II levels are determinants of intracellular retinol accumulation and esterification, and they suggest that CRBP-bound retinol or a metabolite can regulate the expression of CRBP II in the mammalian intestine.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	215-222
8463337-11	1993	These studies indicate that CRBP and CRBP II levels are determinants of intracellular retinol accumulation and esterification, and they suggest that CRBP-bound retinol or a metabolite can regulate the expression of CRBP II in the mammalian intestine.	Vitamin A	160-167	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
8463337-11	1993	These studies indicate that CRBP and CRBP II levels are determinants of intracellular retinol accumulation and esterification, and they suggest that CRBP-bound retinol or a metabolite can regulate the expression of CRBP II in the mammalian intestine.	Vitamin A	160-167	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	215-222
8386378-15	1993	These data suggest that RBP mediates the paracrine transfer of retinol from hepatocytes to perisinusoidal stellate cells in liver and that stellate cells bind and internalize RBP by receptor-mediated endocytosis.	Vitamin A	63-70	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	24-27
8498603-6	1993	Modulation of plasma TPA activity by vitamin A status and retinoic acid treatment was associated with similar changes in tissue TPA activity.	Vitamin A	37-46	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
8498603-1	1993	In this study the effect of vitamin A status and retinoid treatment on the activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA) and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1 (PAI-1), in plasma and in several tissues was investigated in BN/BiRij rats.	Vitamin A	28-37	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	87-120
8498603-1	1993	In this study the effect of vitamin A status and retinoid treatment on the activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA) and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1 (PAI-1), in plasma and in several tissues was investigated in BN/BiRij rats.	Vitamin A	28-37	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
8498603-1	1993	In this study the effect of vitamin A status and retinoid treatment on the activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA) and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1 (PAI-1), in plasma and in several tissues was investigated in BN/BiRij rats.	Vitamin A	28-37	serpin family E member 2	Rattus norvegicus	146-184
8498603-1	1993	In this study the effect of vitamin A status and retinoid treatment on the activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA) and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1 (PAI-1), in plasma and in several tissues was investigated in BN/BiRij rats.	Vitamin A	28-37	serpin family E member 2	Rattus norvegicus	186-191
8482050-0	1993	Effect of posture and acute glycaemic control on the excretion of retinol-binding protein in normoalbuminuric insulin-dependent diabetic patients.	Vitamin A	66-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
7916695-14	1993	The expression patterns of IRBP and CRAlBP are consistent with the role of vitamin A as a morphogen and bFGF in neuronal maintenance.	Vitamin A	75-84	retinol binding protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
16843294-7	1993	Vitamin A and retinol binding protein (RBP) levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) above the pre-treatment level in patients receiving supplementation with a higher dosage of vitamin A (100 mu g/ml).	Vitamin A	181-190	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
16843294-7	1993	Vitamin A and retinol binding protein (RBP) levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) above the pre-treatment level in patients receiving supplementation with a higher dosage of vitamin A (100 mu g/ml).	Vitamin A	181-190	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-42
8477713-2	1993	We have measured the pre-resonance Raman spectrum of retinal, retinoic acid and retinol in dilute CCl4 solutions and when bound to the bovine-serum retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	80-87	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
8482336-0	1993	Secretion of endogenous 16-kDa beta-galactoside-binding lectin from vitamin A-pretreated chick embryonic cultured skin.	Vitamin A	68-77	galectin 1A	Gallus gallus	31-62
8096847-5	1993	Furthermore, both TGase inhibitors and a neutralizing antibody to TGase potentiated the effect of retinol in enhancing plasminogen activator (PA) levels in cultures of BAECs by suppressing the TGF-beta-mediated enhancement of PA inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression.	Vitamin A	98-105	serpin family E member 1	Bos taurus	226-240
8096847-5	1993	Furthermore, both TGase inhibitors and a neutralizing antibody to TGase potentiated the effect of retinol in enhancing plasminogen activator (PA) levels in cultures of BAECs by suppressing the TGF-beta-mediated enhancement of PA inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression.	Vitamin A	98-105	serpin family E member 1	Bos taurus	242-247
8463867-4	1993	The milk retinol concentrations of the vitamin A group were higher than those of the placebo group by 0.48 to 1.18 mumol/L at 1-8 mo postpartum (P < 0.05).	Vitamin A	9-16	solute carrier family 7 member 5	Homo sapiens	121-129
8463867-4	1993	The milk retinol concentrations of the vitamin A group were higher than those of the placebo group by 0.48 to 1.18 mumol/L at 1-8 mo postpartum (P < 0.05).	Vitamin A	39-48	solute carrier family 7 member 5	Homo sapiens	121-129
8318167-10	1993	Taken together, the findings provide evidence that, in vivo, IRBP facilitates both the delivery of all-trans retinol to the RPE and the transfer of 11-cis retinal from the RPE to bleached rod photoreceptors, and thereby directly supports the regeneration of rhodopsin in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	109-116	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	61-65
8478982-2	1993	Thyroid hormone and vitamin A metabolism are linked by a common plasma carrier protein, transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	20-29	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	88-101
8478982-2	1993	Thyroid hormone and vitamin A metabolism are linked by a common plasma carrier protein, transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	20-29	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
8478982-3	1993	Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related organochlorine compounds deplete vitamin A and thyroxine by interaction with TTR and alteration of their metabolism in hepatic and other organs.	Vitamin A	78-87	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
8387121-3	1993	CRBP (I) functions in cellular uptake of retinol from the plasma, solubilizes and renders retinol nontoxic in the aqueous system, and presents retinol to the appropriate enzymes to biosynthesize retinoic acid (an active form of retinoids) or retinyl esters (a storage form).	Vitamin A	41-48	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
8387121-3	1993	CRBP (I) functions in cellular uptake of retinol from the plasma, solubilizes and renders retinol nontoxic in the aqueous system, and presents retinol to the appropriate enzymes to biosynthesize retinoic acid (an active form of retinoids) or retinyl esters (a storage form).	Vitamin A	90-97	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
8387121-3	1993	CRBP (I) functions in cellular uptake of retinol from the plasma, solubilizes and renders retinol nontoxic in the aqueous system, and presents retinol to the appropriate enzymes to biosynthesize retinoic acid (an active form of retinoids) or retinyl esters (a storage form).	Vitamin A	90-97	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
8387121-5	1993	CRBP (III) is recognized as one of oncofetal proteins and binds both retinol and retinoic acid, the function of which still remains unclear.	Vitamin A	69-76	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
8480337-8	1993	In the initial 3-week dose-response study, as the daily dose of VA increased so did the degree of potentiation of CCl4 hepatotoxicity.	Vitamin A	64-66	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
8456115-0	1993	Vitamin A-enhanced cleft palate susceptibility gene maps between C4 and B144 within the H-2 complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	histocompatibility-2, MHC	Mus musculus	88-91
8480337-9	1993	All treatment durations with VA (250,000 IU/kg per day), except 1 day, resulted in equivalent potentiation of CCl4 hepatotoxicity.	Vitamin A	29-31	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
8480338-1	1993	To better understand the mechanism by which vitamin A (VA, retinol) potentiates the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride, its effect on metabolism and covalent binding of CCl4 as well as its effect on lipid peroxidation was determined.	Vitamin A	44-53	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	173-177
8480338-1	1993	To better understand the mechanism by which vitamin A (VA, retinol) potentiates the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride, its effect on metabolism and covalent binding of CCl4 as well as its effect on lipid peroxidation was determined.	Vitamin A	55-57	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	173-177
8480338-1	1993	To better understand the mechanism by which vitamin A (VA, retinol) potentiates the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride, its effect on metabolism and covalent binding of CCl4 as well as its effect on lipid peroxidation was determined.	Vitamin A	59-66	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	173-177
8480338-6	1993	There was a dramatic increase (6-8x) in the amount of ethane exhaled in those rats treated with vitamin A and then administered CCl4 compared to that of those administered CCl4 without pretreatment.	Vitamin A	96-105	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
8480338-8	1993	These data indicate that the potentiation of CCl4 hepatotoxicity by vitamin A pretreatment is associated with an enhancement of lipid peroxidation that is independent of changes in CCl4 biotransformation or the hepatic concentration of two important hepatoprotective agents.	Vitamin A	68-77	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
8480338-8	1993	These data indicate that the potentiation of CCl4 hepatotoxicity by vitamin A pretreatment is associated with an enhancement of lipid peroxidation that is independent of changes in CCl4 biotransformation or the hepatic concentration of two important hepatoprotective agents.	Vitamin A	68-77	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	181-185
8480339-1	1993	Pretreatment of rats with large doses of vitamin A (VA) potentiates the hepatotoxicity of CCl4.	Vitamin A	41-50	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
8457568-1	1993	Lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) transfers acyl groups regiospecifically from the sn-1 position of lecithins to all-trans-retinol (vitamin A) and similar retinoids.	Vitamin A	119-136	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-32
8457568-1	1993	Lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) transfers acyl groups regiospecifically from the sn-1 position of lecithins to all-trans-retinol (vitamin A) and similar retinoids.	Vitamin A	119-136	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
8457568-1	1993	Lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) transfers acyl groups regiospecifically from the sn-1 position of lecithins to all-trans-retinol (vitamin A) and similar retinoids.	Vitamin A	138-147	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-32
8457568-1	1993	Lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) transfers acyl groups regiospecifically from the sn-1 position of lecithins to all-trans-retinol (vitamin A) and similar retinoids.	Vitamin A	138-147	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	34-38
8457568-3	1993	LRAT is also required for the general dietary mobilization of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	62-71	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-4
8448206-0	1993	cDNA cloning of a hnRNP A1 isoform and its regulation by retinol in monkey tracheobronchial epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	57-64	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	18-26
8464067-2	1993	The final model of RBP complexed with retinol (holoRBP, space group R3, a = b = 104.0 A, c = 74.4 A) has a crystallographic R factor of 0.176 for 9652 reflections.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	19-22
8480339-2	1993	Because our previous studies indicate that VA treatment does not enhance CCl4 metabolism but does enhance CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation and activates liver Kupffer cells to release increased amounts of oxygen-centered free radicals, the current studies were designed to determine if VA treatment potentiates CCl4-induced liver injury through increased release of reactive oxygen species.	Vitamin A	43-45	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
8480339-2	1993	Because our previous studies indicate that VA treatment does not enhance CCl4 metabolism but does enhance CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation and activates liver Kupffer cells to release increased amounts of oxygen-centered free radicals, the current studies were designed to determine if VA treatment potentiates CCl4-induced liver injury through increased release of reactive oxygen species.	Vitamin A	43-45	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
8384721-0	1993	Disruption of the transthyretin gene results in mice with depressed levels of plasma retinol and thyroid hormone.	Vitamin A	85-92	transthyretin	Mus musculus	18-31
8384721-1	1993	Transthyretin (TTR) is thought to play a major role in vitamin A metabolism and thyroid hormone transport in mammals.	Vitamin A	55-64	transthyretin	Mus musculus	0-13
8384721-1	1993	Transthyretin (TTR) is thought to play a major role in vitamin A metabolism and thyroid hormone transport in mammals.	Vitamin A	55-64	transthyretin	Mus musculus	15-18
8460936-1	1993	The activity of the hepatic enzyme lecithin: retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), thought to catalyze the esterification of retinol for storage, was previously shown to vary directly with the vitamin A (retinol) status of the rat [Randolph, R. K., and Ross, A. C. (1991) J. Biol.	Vitamin A	45-52	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
8460936-1	1993	The activity of the hepatic enzyme lecithin: retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), thought to catalyze the esterification of retinol for storage, was previously shown to vary directly with the vitamin A (retinol) status of the rat [Randolph, R. K., and Ross, A. C. (1991) J. Biol.	Vitamin A	187-196	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	35-68
8460936-1	1993	The activity of the hepatic enzyme lecithin: retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), thought to catalyze the esterification of retinol for storage, was previously shown to vary directly with the vitamin A (retinol) status of the rat [Randolph, R. K., and Ross, A. C. (1991) J. Biol.	Vitamin A	187-196	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
8460936-1	1993	The activity of the hepatic enzyme lecithin: retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), thought to catalyze the esterification of retinol for storage, was previously shown to vary directly with the vitamin A (retinol) status of the rat [Randolph, R. K., and Ross, A. C. (1991) J. Biol.	Vitamin A	119-126	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	35-68
8460936-1	1993	The activity of the hepatic enzyme lecithin: retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), thought to catalyze the esterification of retinol for storage, was previously shown to vary directly with the vitamin A (retinol) status of the rat [Randolph, R. K., and Ross, A. C. (1991) J. Biol.	Vitamin A	119-126	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
8460936-4	1993	The present studies were designed to determine whether liver LRAT activity is regulated in vivo by retinoic acid, a principal active metabolite of retinol.	Vitamin A	147-154	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
8460936-5	1993	LRAT activity was negligible in the livers of vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	46-55	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
8460936-7	1993	Retinoic acid was more effective than an equimolar quantity of retinol in restoring LRAT activity in the vitamin A-deficient rat liver.	Vitamin A	63-70	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
8460936-7	1993	Retinoic acid was more effective than an equimolar quantity of retinol in restoring LRAT activity in the vitamin A-deficient rat liver.	Vitamin A	105-114	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
8460936-9	1993	The increase in LRAT activity by retinoic acid in the vitamin A-deficient rat was blocked completely by both actinomycin D and cycloheximide.	Vitamin A	54-63	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
8460936-10	1993	The ability of liver to esterify retinol in vivo was correlated with the in vitro activity of LRAT after retinoic acid induction.	Vitamin A	33-40	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	94-98
8460936-11	1993	We conclude that retinoic acid, an important end product of retinol metabolism, regulates a key aspect of hepatic retinol metabolism through its regulatory activity on liver LRAT.	Vitamin A	60-67	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	174-178
8460936-11	1993	We conclude that retinoic acid, an important end product of retinol metabolism, regulates a key aspect of hepatic retinol metabolism through its regulatory activity on liver LRAT.	Vitamin A	114-121	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	174-178
8439537-0	1993	Retinol uptake from retinol-binding protein (RBP) by liver parenchymal cells in vitro does not specifically depend on its binding to RBP.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	20-43
8439537-0	1993	Retinol uptake from retinol-binding protein (RBP) by liver parenchymal cells in vitro does not specifically depend on its binding to RBP.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
8439537-2	1993	At 37 degrees C as well as 4 degrees C, [3H]retinol uptake from [3H]retinol-RBP showed a time-dependent increase, and was not saturable at concentrations exceeding the physiological concentration by more than a factor of 2 (3 microM).	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
8439537-2	1993	At 37 degrees C as well as 4 degrees C, [3H]retinol uptake from [3H]retinol-RBP showed a time-dependent increase, and was not saturable at concentrations exceeding the physiological concentration by more than a factor of 2 (3 microM).	Vitamin A	68-75	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
8439537-7	1993	The uptake of [3H]retinol from RBP was also compared to the uptake of retinol from cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	70-77	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-115
8439537-7	1993	The uptake of [3H]retinol from RBP was also compared to the uptake of retinol from cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	70-77	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-121
8439537-8	1993	Uptake characteristics of [3H]retinol from CRBP and lactoglobulin were similar to that of [3H]retinol from RBP.	Vitamin A	30-37	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
8439537-8	1993	Uptake characteristics of [3H]retinol from CRBP and lactoglobulin were similar to that of [3H]retinol from RBP.	Vitamin A	30-37	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
8425602-0	1993	Mechanism of pH-induced release of retinol from retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	35-42	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	48-71
8425602-1	1993	A hypothesis is proposed explaining the mechanism of pH-induced release of retinol from retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	75-82	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	88-111
8425602-1	1993	A hypothesis is proposed explaining the mechanism of pH-induced release of retinol from retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	75-82	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	113-116
8425602-2	1993	A number of conservative positively charged side chains located on the retinol-binding face of the RBP molecule are involved in salt bridges with conservative negatively charged groups.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	99-102
8425602-3	1993	At low pH these salt bridges are broken and the retinol-binding face of RBP holds from 8 to 12 positively charged groups, which can ensure a proper orientation of the RBP molecule relative to a negatively charged membrane, facilitating the release of retinol.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	72-75
8425602-3	1993	At low pH these salt bridges are broken and the retinol-binding face of RBP holds from 8 to 12 positively charged groups, which can ensure a proper orientation of the RBP molecule relative to a negatively charged membrane, facilitating the release of retinol.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	167-170
8425602-3	1993	At low pH these salt bridges are broken and the retinol-binding face of RBP holds from 8 to 12 positively charged groups, which can ensure a proper orientation of the RBP molecule relative to a negatively charged membrane, facilitating the release of retinol.	Vitamin A	251-258	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	72-75
8425602-3	1993	At low pH these salt bridges are broken and the retinol-binding face of RBP holds from 8 to 12 positively charged groups, which can ensure a proper orientation of the RBP molecule relative to a negatively charged membrane, facilitating the release of retinol.	Vitamin A	251-258	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	167-170
8425602-4	1993	The disruption of salt bridges and the electrostatic repulsion of positive charges can soften the structure of the molecule near the entrance to the retinol-binding pocket, which can trigger both the release of retinol and the transition of RBP to the molten globule state.	Vitamin A	149-156	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	241-244
8440822-4	1993	Significant linear correlations were found between serum retinol and RBP (r = 0.90, p < or = 0.0001), serum retinol and albumin (r = 0.76, p < or = 0.0001), serum retinol and serum zinc (r = 0.56, p < or = 0.0003), and serum retinol and serum triglycerides (r = 0.42, p < or = 0.006).	Vitamin A	57-64	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	69-72
8476349-0	1993	Effects of retinol on the temporal expression of transforming growth factor-alpha mRNA in the embryonic mouse mandible.	Vitamin A	11-18	transforming growth factor alpha	Mus musculus	49-81
8476349-4	1993	In addition, retinol alters the pattern of dental lamina formation; this effect is correlated with an alteration of the expression of the mRNA for this mitogen (EGF).	Vitamin A	13-20	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	161-164
8392461-4	1993	As revealed by immunohistochemistry using antibodies to cellular retinol-binding protein I (CRBP I), retinol accumulates in regions of the embryo expressing CRBP I.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	92-98
8392461-8	1993	Thus, the spatially closely related but non-overlapping domains of expression of CRBP I and CRABP I suggests a role of a retinol/RA pathway in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during pattern formation of limbs and of craniofacial structures.	Vitamin A	121-128	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	81-87
8392461-8	1993	Thus, the spatially closely related but non-overlapping domains of expression of CRBP I and CRABP I suggests a role of a retinol/RA pathway in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during pattern formation of limbs and of craniofacial structures.	Vitamin A	121-128	cellular retinoic acid binding protein I	Mus musculus	92-99
8382159-1	1993	The levels of the mRNA corresponding to the intracellular binding proteins for retinoic acid and retinol (CRABP1 and CRBP1, respectively) were studied in primary cultures of somatic and germ cells of the rat seminiferous tubules.	Vitamin A	97-104	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-112
8440409-7	1993	For example, the cellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP, has been implicated in retinol uptake, retinol esterification, mobilization of retinyl esters, and the initial oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	26-33	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
8440409-7	1993	For example, the cellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP, has been implicated in retinol uptake, retinol esterification, mobilization of retinyl esters, and the initial oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	80-87	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
8440409-7	1993	For example, the cellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP, has been implicated in retinol uptake, retinol esterification, mobilization of retinyl esters, and the initial oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	80-87	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
8440822-6	1993	However, elevated molar ratios of retinol to RBP suggest that the carrying capacity of RBP was at times exceeded, even with low serum retinol levels.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	87-90
8429387-1	1993	In response to body demands, retinol (ROL) is secreted from the liver into the circulation bound to serum retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	131-134
8429387-1	1993	In response to body demands, retinol (ROL) is secreted from the liver into the circulation bound to serum retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	38-41	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	131-134
8429387-4	1993	[3H]ROL added directly to the medium was rapidly taken up by HKc, and maximal accumulation of [3H]ROL occurred by 3 h. In contrast, [3H]ROL delivered bound to RBP was taken up very slowly but at a linear rate for at least 72 h. Several experimental approaches indicated that ROL uptake from RBP was not mediated by a cell surface receptor for RBP.	Vitamin A	4-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	159-162
8429387-7	1993	Overall, the results support a model of ROL uptake from RBP in which the vitamin is first slowly released from RBP into the aqueous phase and then becomes cell associated.	Vitamin A	40-43	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	56-59
8429387-7	1993	Overall, the results support a model of ROL uptake from RBP in which the vitamin is first slowly released from RBP into the aqueous phase and then becomes cell associated.	Vitamin A	40-43	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	111-114
8366662-0	1993	The stellate cells phenotypic transformation in the CCl4- injured liver fibrosis of ICR mice: their desmin immunoreactivity and vitamin A storage.	Vitamin A	128-137	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4	Mus musculus	52-56
8422392-3	1993	In contrast, CRBP-II binds all-trans-retinol or -retinal and contains a glutamine residue in the corresponding position, residue 109.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	13-20
8093291-8	1993	5 weeks later the vitamin A group had higher CD4/CD8 ratios (p < 0.001), higher proportions of CD4 naive T cells (p < 0.01), and lower proportions of CD8, CD45RO T cells (p < 0.05) than the placebo group.	Vitamin A	18-27	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	45-48
8093291-8	1993	5 weeks later the vitamin A group had higher CD4/CD8 ratios (p < 0.001), higher proportions of CD4 naive T cells (p < 0.01), and lower proportions of CD8, CD45RO T cells (p < 0.05) than the placebo group.	Vitamin A	18-27	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	49-52
8093291-8	1993	5 weeks later the vitamin A group had higher CD4/CD8 ratios (p < 0.001), higher proportions of CD4 naive T cells (p < 0.01), and lower proportions of CD8, CD45RO T cells (p < 0.05) than the placebo group.	Vitamin A	18-27	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	98-101
8093291-8	1993	5 weeks later the vitamin A group had higher CD4/CD8 ratios (p < 0.001), higher proportions of CD4 naive T cells (p < 0.01), and lower proportions of CD8, CD45RO T cells (p < 0.05) than the placebo group.	Vitamin A	18-27	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	156-159
8388158-1	1993	Vertebrate alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plays a role in many alcohol/aldehyde interconversions including the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde, the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	121-128	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	11-32
8388158-1	1993	Vertebrate alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) plays a role in many alcohol/aldehyde interconversions including the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde, the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	121-128	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	34-37
8493919-0	1993	The catalytic specificity of liver alcohol dehydrogenase: vitamin A alcohol and vitamin A aldehyde activities.	Vitamin A	58-75	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	35-56
7748347-3	1993	Retinoic acid is derived from retinol (vitamin A alcohol) via oxidation by retinol dehydrogenases that are members of the ADH family of isozymes, many of which also use ethanol as a substrate.	Vitamin A	30-37	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	122-125
7748347-3	1993	Retinoic acid is derived from retinol (vitamin A alcohol) via oxidation by retinol dehydrogenases that are members of the ADH family of isozymes, many of which also use ethanol as a substrate.	Vitamin A	39-56	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	122-125
8385449-5	1993	In this article I propose that the amount of RA reaching the nucleus in different embryonic tissues is modulated by a mechanism involving three cytoplasmic binding proteins for retinol (CRBP I) and retinoic acid (CRABP I and II).	Vitamin A	177-184	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	186-192
8244188-5	1993	There was no difference between PIH and normal pregnancy in the appearance of conjugated dienes in cord blood, but erythrocyte GSHPx and plasma vitamin A were lower in PIH.	Vitamin A	144-153	pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included)	Homo sapiens	168-171
8300326-4	1993	While differences in mean Am N/Cr did not follow any consistent pattern, there was a strong association between lowered plasma vitamin A (< 35 micrograms/dl) and increased Am N/Cr ratio (> 0.5).	Vitamin A	127-136	amnion associated transmembrane protein	Homo sapiens	175-179
8300327-2	1993	In the liver: ODC activity is decreased by vitamin A deficiency but partially recovered with retinol repletion during 2 weeks.	Vitamin A	43-52	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
8300327-2	1993	In the liver: ODC activity is decreased by vitamin A deficiency but partially recovered with retinol repletion during 2 weeks.	Vitamin A	93-100	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
8300327-4	1993	The Km value of ODC increases in the deficiency; intermediate values are obtained in retinol repletion.	Vitamin A	85-92	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
8407169-1	1993	An aqueous, reverse phase, open column procedure (RP C18) was developed for the rapid determination of retinol in serum.	Vitamin A	103-110	RNA polymerase II, I and III subunit H	Homo sapiens	50-56
8407170-7	1993	In conclusion, according to our findings, plasma retinol is significantly decreased in younger insulin-dependent diabetic patients while alpha-tocopherol is significantly altered in diabetic patients with nephropathy.	Vitamin A	49-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
8007703-6	1993	The only potential limitation to the extensive use of 4-HPR is diminished dark adaptation, which occurs in about one-fourth of the patients and is dependent on the decline of plasma retinol below the threshold level of 100 ng/ml.	Vitamin A	182-189	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	56-59
8144697-6	1993	Delivery of retinol across the basolateral membrane is mediated by a retinol binding protein (RBP) that is secreted by the liver as a complex with retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	69-92
8144697-6	1993	Delivery of retinol across the basolateral membrane is mediated by a retinol binding protein (RBP) that is secreted by the liver as a complex with retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	94-97
8144697-6	1993	Delivery of retinol across the basolateral membrane is mediated by a retinol binding protein (RBP) that is secreted by the liver as a complex with retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	69-76	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	94-97
8144697-6	1993	Delivery of retinol across the basolateral membrane is mediated by a retinol binding protein (RBP) that is secreted by the liver as a complex with retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	156-165	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	69-92
8144697-6	1993	Delivery of retinol across the basolateral membrane is mediated by a retinol binding protein (RBP) that is secreted by the liver as a complex with retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	156-165	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	94-97
8144697-7	1993	Within the cell, retinol and its derivatives are solubilized by intracellular retinoid binding proteins that are selective for retinol (cellular retinol binding protein, CRBP) and 11-cis retinoids (cellular retinal binding protein, CRALBP).	Vitamin A	17-24	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	145-168
8144697-7	1993	Within the cell, retinol and its derivatives are solubilized by intracellular retinoid binding proteins that are selective for retinol (cellular retinol binding protein, CRBP) and 11-cis retinoids (cellular retinal binding protein, CRALBP).	Vitamin A	17-24	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	170-174
8144697-7	1993	Within the cell, retinol and its derivatives are solubilized by intracellular retinoid binding proteins that are selective for retinol (cellular retinol binding protein, CRBP) and 11-cis retinoids (cellular retinal binding protein, CRALBP).	Vitamin A	17-24	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	232-238
8144697-7	1993	Within the cell, retinol and its derivatives are solubilized by intracellular retinoid binding proteins that are selective for retinol (cellular retinol binding protein, CRBP) and 11-cis retinoids (cellular retinal binding protein, CRALBP).	Vitamin A	127-134	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	145-168
8144697-7	1993	Within the cell, retinol and its derivatives are solubilized by intracellular retinoid binding proteins that are selective for retinol (cellular retinol binding protein, CRBP) and 11-cis retinoids (cellular retinal binding protein, CRALBP).	Vitamin A	127-134	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	170-174
8144697-7	1993	Within the cell, retinol and its derivatives are solubilized by intracellular retinoid binding proteins that are selective for retinol (cellular retinol binding protein, CRBP) and 11-cis retinoids (cellular retinal binding protein, CRALBP).	Vitamin A	127-134	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	232-238
8144697-8	1993	Release of 11-cis retinal across the apical membrane and re-uptake of retinol from the photoreceptors during the visual cycle is promoted by an intercellular retinoid binding protein (IRBP).	Vitamin A	70-77	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	144-182
8144697-8	1993	Release of 11-cis retinal across the apical membrane and re-uptake of retinol from the photoreceptors during the visual cycle is promoted by an intercellular retinoid binding protein (IRBP).	Vitamin A	70-77	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	184-188
1483476-12	1992	At variance with an almost absolute conservation for the residues that participate in the formation of the retinol binding site in mammalian RBPs, several amino acid replacements are found for this part of the RBP molecule when the comparison is extended to piscine and amphibian RBPs.	Vitamin A	107-114	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	141-144
8422324-0	1993	Neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein in vitamin-A-induced mouse myeloschisis: an immunohistochemical study.	Vitamin A	63-72	enolase 2, gamma neuronal	Mus musculus	0-23
1493174-10	1992	The uterine RBP may play an important role in vitamin A transport between maternal tissues and developing embryos.	Vitamin A	46-55	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	12-15
1492129-8	1992	First, all-trans-retinol (vitamin A) is esterified in the retinal pigment epithelium by lecithin retinol acyl transferase to produce an all-trans-retinyl ester.	Vitamin A	7-24	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	88-121
1307026-0	1992	[Effect of hyperthermia and retinol treatment in vitro on HTC cell adhesiveness to laminin and fibronectin].	Vitamin A	28-35	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-106
1307026-4	1992	When treatment with Retinol was carried out before hyperthermia, the cells showed an increased adhesiveness to Laminin and a decreased adhesiveness to Fibronectin.	Vitamin A	20-27	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-162
8427880-6	1993	These results suggest that the increase in CRBP(II) content following jejunum-bypass might be an adaptive response to an enhancement of retinol absorption.	Vitamin A	136-143	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	43-51
1492129-8	1992	First, all-trans-retinol (vitamin A) is esterified in the retinal pigment epithelium by lecithin retinol acyl transferase to produce an all-trans-retinyl ester.	Vitamin A	26-35	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	88-121
1429735-7	1992	Retinol reduced the interleukin 6 production induced by anti-IgM and interleukin 4 after 48 h, whereas the induction of interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor by O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and ionomycin was less affected.	Vitamin A	0-7	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	20-33
1477208-5	1992	A mixture of FSH, retinol, and testosterone increased transferrin synthesis by 30% at both cell densities, and this stimulation was independent of the effect of EGF and insulin.	Vitamin A	18-25	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	54-65
1445851-0	1992	Interactions of retinol with binding proteins: studies with retinol-binding protein and with transthyretin.	Vitamin A	16-23	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	60-83
1445851-0	1992	Interactions of retinol with binding proteins: studies with retinol-binding protein and with transthyretin.	Vitamin A	16-23	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	93-106
1445851-5	1992	At 0.15 M NaCl, binding of RBP to TTR showed an absolute requirement for the native ligand, retinol.	Vitamin A	92-99	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-30
1445851-5	1992	At 0.15 M NaCl, binding of RBP to TTR showed an absolute requirement for the native ligand, retinol.	Vitamin A	92-99	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	34-37
1445851-13	1992	The rate of dissociation is slow (k = 0.055/h), however, indicating that the complex apo-RBP-TTR will be an important factor in regulating serum levels of retinol.	Vitamin A	155-162	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	89-92
1445851-13	1992	The rate of dissociation is slow (k = 0.055/h), however, indicating that the complex apo-RBP-TTR will be an important factor in regulating serum levels of retinol.	Vitamin A	155-162	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	93-96
1477208-7	1992	FSH, retinol, and testosterone also stimulated CP-2/cathepsin L synthesis by 30%; however, this stimulation just missed being statistically significant.	Vitamin A	5-12	cathepsin L	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
1477208-7	1992	FSH, retinol, and testosterone also stimulated CP-2/cathepsin L synthesis by 30%; however, this stimulation just missed being statistically significant.	Vitamin A	5-12	cathepsin L	Rattus norvegicus	52-63
1279143-4	1992	The levels of expression of RAR beta mRNA were approximately 80% lower in bladder, brain, liver, lung and trachea and those of RAR gamma mRNA were approximately 50% lower in bladder, lung and trachea of rats fed the vitamin A-deficient diet than in controls.	Vitamin A	216-225	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	28-36
1279143-5	1992	The levels of expression of RAR alpha mRNA were approximately 90% lower in brain and approximately 30% greater in liver, kidney, intestine and lung of rats fed the vitamin A-deficient diet.	Vitamin A	164-173	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	28-37
1452946-5	1992	In contrast, IL-2 exposure depressed normal vitamins A, B6, carotene, and folate levels to subnormal; 90% of the patients became B6 hypovitaminemic; 60% for vitamin A, 80% for carotene, and 45% for folate.	Vitamin A	44-54	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
1327514-4	1992	This effect appears unrelated to their provitamin A or antioxidant properties, since carotenoids with and without provitamin A activity increased levels of connexin43 mRNA and protein, whereas the antioxidants methyl-bixin and alpha-tocopherol were inactive.	Vitamin A	114-126	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	156-166
1391338-10	1992	This indicates that RBP is secreted by the Sertoli cell and may serve as the carrier of retinol to the developing germ cells, which are known to be dependent upon vitamin A.	Vitamin A	88-95	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
1391338-10	1992	This indicates that RBP is secreted by the Sertoli cell and may serve as the carrier of retinol to the developing germ cells, which are known to be dependent upon vitamin A.	Vitamin A	163-172	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
1452946-5	1992	In contrast, IL-2 exposure depressed normal vitamins A, B6, carotene, and folate levels to subnormal; 90% of the patients became B6 hypovitaminemic; 60% for vitamin A, 80% for carotene, and 45% for folate.	Vitamin A	157-166	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
1388202-4	1992	To study the effects of HPR on the secretion of the retinol-RBP complex from liver, control or HPR-treated rats were injected with chylomicrons containing [3H]vitamin A and [14C]triglycerides.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
1384170-8	1992	In contrast, under identical experimental conditions, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein did bind progesterone (Kd = 10(-6) M), whereas both beta-lactoglobulin and retinol-binding protein bound retinol (Kd = 10(-8) M for both proteins).	Vitamin A	185-192	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	132-150
1527087-2	1992	An NAD-dependent rat liver cytosolic dehydrogenase accepted as substrate retinal generated in situ by microsomes from retinol bound to excess CRBP (cellular retinol binding protein, type I).	Vitamin A	118-125	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	142-146
1527087-2	1992	An NAD-dependent rat liver cytosolic dehydrogenase accepted as substrate retinal generated in situ by microsomes from retinol bound to excess CRBP (cellular retinol binding protein, type I).	Vitamin A	118-125	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-180
1390692-4	1992	[3H]-all-trans-Retinol (ROL) was delivered to the basal surface of the cells by RBP.	Vitamin A	5-22	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	80-83
1329717-3	1992	Retinol also restored the RAR beta mRNA level, but the magnitude and kinetics of the induction differed from those by retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	26-34
1329717-5	1992	In addition, from these results it was postulated that the maintenance of the normal RAR beta mRNA levels seemed to require a threshold serum retinol concentration (about 25 micrograms/dl).	Vitamin A	142-149	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	85-93
1329717-6	1992	Moreover, we found that administration of retinol and retinoic acid to normal rats caused the overexpression of RAR beta transcripts (2-15-fold) when compared with the control levels of RAR beta mRNA, although the levels of RAR alpha and RAR gamma mRNAs were not affected.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	112-120
1329717-6	1992	Moreover, we found that administration of retinol and retinoic acid to normal rats caused the overexpression of RAR beta transcripts (2-15-fold) when compared with the control levels of RAR beta mRNA, although the levels of RAR alpha and RAR gamma mRNAs were not affected.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	186-194
1329717-6	1992	Moreover, we found that administration of retinol and retinoic acid to normal rats caused the overexpression of RAR beta transcripts (2-15-fold) when compared with the control levels of RAR beta mRNA, although the levels of RAR alpha and RAR gamma mRNAs were not affected.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	224-233
1526732-6	1992	Indirect immunofluorescence patterns of fibronectin, actin, tubulin, and vimentin were altered after exposure to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	113-122	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	40-51
1526732-6	1992	Indirect immunofluorescence patterns of fibronectin, actin, tubulin, and vimentin were altered after exposure to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	113-122	vimentin	Homo sapiens	73-81
1525046-2	1992	Mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids markedly decreased the affinity of both 25-OHD3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 for DBP, whereas saturated fatty acids (stearic and arachidic acid), cholesterol, cholesterol esters, retinol, retinoic acid and prostaglandins (A1 and E1) did not affect the apparent affinity.	Vitamin A	205-212	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	107-110
1510943-3	1992	We have also shown that, at equilibrium, the pH-induced retinol release from holo-RBP parallels denaturation of the apoprotein.	Vitamin A	56-63	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	82-85
1510943-4	1992	These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that the transformation of RBP into the molten globule state is involved in the mechanism whereby retinol is delivered to target cells.	Vitamin A	148-155	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	77-80
1386578-3	1992	The remarkable early reduction in plasma retinol level induced by fenretinide administration may be associated with the high binding affinity of this retinoid to RBP and to its interference with the RBP-TTR complex formation.	Vitamin A	41-48	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	162-165
1386578-3	1992	The remarkable early reduction in plasma retinol level induced by fenretinide administration may be associated with the high binding affinity of this retinoid to RBP and to its interference with the RBP-TTR complex formation.	Vitamin A	41-48	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	199-202
1386578-3	1992	The remarkable early reduction in plasma retinol level induced by fenretinide administration may be associated with the high binding affinity of this retinoid to RBP and to its interference with the RBP-TTR complex formation.	Vitamin A	41-48	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	203-206
1386362-7	1992	In this study, we show that the reduction of the photolyzed chromophore all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol is essential for recycling photoactivated rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	102-110	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	153-162
1530140-2	1992	It was anticipated that CCl4 treatment would have more severe effects upon vitamin A status because CCl4 provides greater hepatic injury than does ethanol.	Vitamin A	75-84	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
1530140-2	1992	It was anticipated that CCl4 treatment would have more severe effects upon vitamin A status because CCl4 provides greater hepatic injury than does ethanol.	Vitamin A	75-84	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
1530140-7	1992	Comparison of the CCl4-phenobarbital group with pair-fed controls (n = 8) showed: increased serum vitamin A, decreased hepatic vitamin A, increased cytochrome P450, marked hepatic fat accumulation, hepatic cell necrosis, and early cirrhosis.	Vitamin A	98-107	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
1530140-7	1992	Comparison of the CCl4-phenobarbital group with pair-fed controls (n = 8) showed: increased serum vitamin A, decreased hepatic vitamin A, increased cytochrome P450, marked hepatic fat accumulation, hepatic cell necrosis, and early cirrhosis.	Vitamin A	127-136	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
1530140-8	1992	Thus, CCl4 (with phenobarbitol), which is a more potent hepatotoxin as evidenced by a more elevated cytochrome P450 and distorted liver morphology, not only reduced liver vitamin A, but also increased serum vitamin A.	Vitamin A	171-180	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	6-10
1530140-8	1992	Thus, CCl4 (with phenobarbitol), which is a more potent hepatotoxin as evidenced by a more elevated cytochrome P450 and distorted liver morphology, not only reduced liver vitamin A, but also increased serum vitamin A.	Vitamin A	207-216	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	6-10
1333403-6	1992	Interestingly, the expression of the three genes, RAR-beta, CRABP II and CRBP I, is induced by retinoic acid, which suggests a link between the synthesis of RA from retinol and the control of expression of subsets of RA-responsive genes.	Vitamin A	165-172	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Mus musculus	50-58
1333403-6	1992	Interestingly, the expression of the three genes, RAR-beta, CRABP II and CRBP I, is induced by retinoic acid, which suggests a link between the synthesis of RA from retinol and the control of expression of subsets of RA-responsive genes.	Vitamin A	165-172	cellular retinoic acid binding protein II	Mus musculus	60-68
1333403-6	1992	Interestingly, the expression of the three genes, RAR-beta, CRABP II and CRBP I, is induced by retinoic acid, which suggests a link between the synthesis of RA from retinol and the control of expression of subsets of RA-responsive genes.	Vitamin A	165-172	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	73-79
1398354-9	1992	This study shows that the polychlorinated biphenyl with the 3-methylcholanthrene-type pattern of induction of cytochrome P-450 has more profound effects on B group vitamins and particularly vitamin A homeostasis than does the phenobarbital-type inducer.	Vitamin A	190-199	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-126
1508609-5	1992	Perfusion of placenta with retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) reduced the placental concentration to 4.4 +/- 1.72 times the maternal concentration and eliminated evidence of metabolism.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	44-67
1508609-5	1992	Perfusion of placenta with retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) reduced the placental concentration to 4.4 +/- 1.72 times the maternal concentration and eliminated evidence of metabolism.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	69-72
1508609-10	1992	The endogenous retinol in the cord serum is bound to RBP.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	53-56
1322170-1	1992	Esterification of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) with long-chain fatty acids by lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is an important step in both the absorption and storage of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	18-25	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	77-109
1322170-1	1992	Esterification of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) with long-chain fatty acids by lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is an important step in both the absorption and storage of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	18-25	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	111-115
1322170-1	1992	Esterification of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) with long-chain fatty acids by lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is an important step in both the absorption and storage of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	27-36	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	77-109
1322170-1	1992	Esterification of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) with long-chain fatty acids by lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is an important step in both the absorption and storage of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	27-36	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	111-115
1322170-1	1992	Esterification of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) with long-chain fatty acids by lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is an important step in both the absorption and storage of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	176-185	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	77-109
1322170-1	1992	Esterification of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) with long-chain fatty acids by lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is an important step in both the absorption and storage of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	176-185	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	111-115
1322170-2	1992	Retinol in cells is bound by either cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP), present in most tissues including liver, or cellular retinol binding protein type II [CRBP(II)], present in the absorptive cell of the small intestine.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	36-68
1322170-2	1992	Retinol in cells is bound by either cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP), present in most tissues including liver, or cellular retinol binding protein type II [CRBP(II)], present in the absorptive cell of the small intestine.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	70-74
1322170-2	1992	Retinol in cells is bound by either cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP), present in most tissues including liver, or cellular retinol binding protein type II [CRBP(II)], present in the absorptive cell of the small intestine.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	121-161
1322170-3	1992	Here we investigated whether retinol must dissociate from these carrier proteins in order to serve as a substrate for LRAT by comparing Michaelis constants for esterification of retinol presented either free or bound.	Vitamin A	29-36	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	118-122
1322170-4	1992	Esterification of free retinol by both liver and intestinal LRAT resulted in Km values (0.63 and 0.44 microM, respectively) similar to those obtained for esterification of retinol-CRBP (0.20 and 0.78 microM, respectively) and esterification of retinol-CRBP(II) (0.24 and 0.32 microM, respectively).	Vitamin A	23-30	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	60-64
1322170-4	1992	Esterification of free retinol by both liver and intestinal LRAT resulted in Km values (0.63 and 0.44 microM, respectively) similar to those obtained for esterification of retinol-CRBP (0.20 and 0.78 microM, respectively) and esterification of retinol-CRBP(II) (0.24 and 0.32 microM, respectively).	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	180-184
1322170-4	1992	Esterification of free retinol by both liver and intestinal LRAT resulted in Km values (0.63 and 0.44 microM, respectively) similar to those obtained for esterification of retinol-CRBP (0.20 and 0.78 microM, respectively) and esterification of retinol-CRBP(II) (0.24 and 0.32 microM, respectively).	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	252-260
1322170-4	1992	Esterification of free retinol by both liver and intestinal LRAT resulted in Km values (0.63 and 0.44 microM, respectively) similar to those obtained for esterification of retinol-CRBP (0.20 and 0.78 microM, respectively) and esterification of retinol-CRBP(II) (0.24 and 0.32 microM, respectively).	Vitamin A	172-179	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	180-184
1322170-4	1992	Esterification of free retinol by both liver and intestinal LRAT resulted in Km values (0.63 and 0.44 microM, respectively) similar to those obtained for esterification of retinol-CRBP (0.20 and 0.78 microM, respectively) and esterification of retinol-CRBP(II) (0.24 and 0.32 microM, respectively).	Vitamin A	172-179	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	180-184
1322170-6	1992	Evidence for such interaction was obtained when apo-CRBP proved to be a potent competitive inhibitor of LRAT, with a KI (0.21 microM) lower than the Km for CRBP-retinol (0.78 microM).	Vitamin A	161-168	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	156-160
1322170-7	1992	Apo-CRBP(II), in contrast, was a poor competitor for esterification of retinol bound to CRBP(II).	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	4-12
1322170-7	1992	Apo-CRBP(II), in contrast, was a poor competitor for esterification of retinol bound to CRBP(II).	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	88-96
1322170-8	1992	Apo-CRBP reacted with 4 mM p-(chloromercuri)benzenesulfonic acid lost retinol binding ability but retained the ability to inhibit LRAT, confirming that the inhibition could not be explained by a reduction in the concentration of free retinol.	Vitamin A	70-77	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
1322170-8	1992	Apo-CRBP reacted with 4 mM p-(chloromercuri)benzenesulfonic acid lost retinol binding ability but retained the ability to inhibit LRAT, confirming that the inhibition could not be explained by a reduction in the concentration of free retinol.	Vitamin A	234-241	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
1321136-1	1992	Mammalian alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) catalyzes the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde, the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	65-72	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	10-31
1321136-1	1992	Mammalian alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) catalyzes the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde, the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	65-72	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	33-36
1642248-2	1992	Plasma vitamin A levels were higher in hypercholesterolemic subjects than in healthy controls (2.58 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.82 +/- 0.14 mmol/L, p = 0.025) despite similar values for retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	7-16	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	173-196
1642248-2	1992	Plasma vitamin A levels were higher in hypercholesterolemic subjects than in healthy controls (2.58 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.82 +/- 0.14 mmol/L, p = 0.025) despite similar values for retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	7-16	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	198-201
1642248-5	1992	A nonsignificant increase in RBP was observed, resulting in a significant decrease in the molar ratio of vitamin A to RBP (1.05 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.80 +/- 0.05, p = 0.013).	Vitamin A	105-114	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	29-32
1388202-6	1992	In control rats [3H]retinol concentrations began to increase in plasma after 30 min due to liver secretion of retinol bound to RBP.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
1388202-7	1992	In HPR-treated rats, secretion was apparently inhibited because the amount of [3H]retinol bound to RBP at 4.66 h was only 2.6% of the control level.	Vitamin A	82-89	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
1388202-8	1992	We conclude that HPR partially blocks the secretion of the retinol-RBP complex from liver and other tissues, and thus depresses plasma concentrations of vitamin A and RBP.	Vitamin A	59-66	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
1388202-8	1992	We conclude that HPR partially blocks the secretion of the retinol-RBP complex from liver and other tissues, and thus depresses plasma concentrations of vitamin A and RBP.	Vitamin A	59-66	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	167-170
1319320-3	1992	In the testis of vitamin A-deficient rats 1.9-, 2.8-, and 3.8-kilobase (kb) transcripts of RAR alpha; 2.8- and 3.3-kb transcripts of RAR beta; 1.8-, 2.8-, and 3.4-kb transcripts of RAR gamma; and two transcripts of RXR alpha of 2.5 and 4.8 kb are expressed.	Vitamin A	17-26	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	133-141
1627333-8	1992	The level of spr1 mRNA in cultured cells was inhibited more than 90% by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	72-81	psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 2	Homo sapiens	13-17
1319320-4	1992	When vitamin A-deficient rats receive RA or retinol acetate, a 3-fold increase in the amount of poly(A)+ RNA per testis can be observed after 8 h, while the amounts of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and sulfated glycoprotein-1 mRNA hardly change.	Vitamin A	5-14	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	168-208
1319320-4	1992	When vitamin A-deficient rats receive RA or retinol acetate, a 3-fold increase in the amount of poly(A)+ RNA per testis can be observed after 8 h, while the amounts of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and sulfated glycoprotein-1 mRNA hardly change.	Vitamin A	5-14	prosaposin	Rattus norvegicus	213-236
1334737-7	1992	Retinol, the precursor of RA in the embryo, was also capable of elevating RAR-beta 2 mRNA levels in the limb bud, but the increase was delayed, apparently indicating that metabolic conversion of retinol to RA preceded the effect on mRNA levels.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Mus musculus	74-82
1319320-10	1992	These changes in expression indicate that RARs and RXR alpha may play a role in the process of proliferation and differentiation of A spermatogonia, which is induced in vitamin A-deficient rats shortly after replacement of RA or retinol acetate.	Vitamin A	169-178	retinoid X receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	51-60
1607635-2	1992	hsp47 was located on fibrocytes or fibroblasts in the connective tissue in various organs, chondrocytes in the cartilage, smooth muscle cells in the gastrointestinal tract and blood vessels, vitamin A storage cells in sinusoidal area of liver, endothelial cells in blood vessels, and epithelial cells of renal glomeruli, tubules, and basal layer of epidermis.	Vitamin A	191-200	serpin family H member 1	Gallus gallus	0-5
1535365-4	1992	The subsets of T cells proliferating with the assistance of retinol cofactor are both CD4+ and CD8+ thymic T cells, and CD4+ peripheral T cells.	Vitamin A	60-67	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	86-89
1535365-4	1992	The subsets of T cells proliferating with the assistance of retinol cofactor are both CD4+ and CD8+ thymic T cells, and CD4+ peripheral T cells.	Vitamin A	60-67	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	120-123
1641199-1	1992	A microsomal retinyl ester hydrolase from rat tissues is activated by apo-cellular retinol-binding protein, which thus regulates the availability of retinol either for binding to serum retinol-binding protein or for metabolic oxidation.	Vitamin A	83-90	carboxylesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus	13-36
1535365-5	1992	Mature CD8+ T cells of lymph nodes can also be activated in ITLB medium plus retinol, provided that interleukin 2 (IL-2) is added.	Vitamin A	77-84	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	100-113
1535365-5	1992	Mature CD8+ T cells of lymph nodes can also be activated in ITLB medium plus retinol, provided that interleukin 2 (IL-2) is added.	Vitamin A	77-84	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	115-119
1535365-10	1992	The requirement for retinol in CD3-mediated T cell activation cannot be satisfied by retinoic acid or ILs-1, 2, 4, and 6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha whereas interferon gamma can substitute for retinol.	Vitamin A	20-27	CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide	Mus musculus	31-34
1625097-2	1992	We studied 20 children with measles in Long Beach, Calif., and found that 50% (95% confidence interval; 28% to 72%) were vitamin A deficient.	Vitamin A	121-130	CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 8	Homo sapiens	51-56
1641199-1	1992	A microsomal retinyl ester hydrolase from rat tissues is activated by apo-cellular retinol-binding protein, which thus regulates the availability of retinol either for binding to serum retinol-binding protein or for metabolic oxidation.	Vitamin A	149-156	carboxylesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus	13-36
1641199-1	1992	A microsomal retinyl ester hydrolase from rat tissues is activated by apo-cellular retinol-binding protein, which thus regulates the availability of retinol either for binding to serum retinol-binding protein or for metabolic oxidation.	Vitamin A	149-156	carboxylesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus	13-36
1601873-4	1992	Both serum and retinol stimulated secretion of RBP in a concentration-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-50
1601873-9	1992	To investigate the structural properties responsible for the endoplasmic reticulum retention of RBP in the absence of its ligand, a cDNA encoding chicken purpurin, a protein that is 50% identical to RBP and that binds retinol, was expressed in HeLa cells.	Vitamin A	218-225	retinol binding protein 4	Gallus gallus	154-162
1593214-3	1992	The absolute increment in the total amount of liver SGAG in the vitamin A--pretreated group was followed by a more important increase in the concentration of dermatan sulfate as compared with the CCl4 group (dermatan sulfate-to-heparan sulfate ratio: 1.15 for the CCl4 group vs 1.70 for the vitamin A--pretreated group).	Vitamin A	64-73	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	196-200
1315290-1	1992	Retinol binding protein (RBP) is the plasma transport protein of retinol.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
1315290-1	1992	Retinol binding protein (RBP) is the plasma transport protein of retinol.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
1315290-2	1992	Mobilization of RBP from the liver stores is stimulated by retinol.	Vitamin A	59-66	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	16-19
1315290-5	1992	We have studied the role of degradation on the regulation of RBP metabolism in retinol deficient HepG2 cells and determined the intracellular site where RBP degradation takes place.	Vitamin A	79-86	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	61-64
1315290-6	1992	Pulse-chase experiments show that RBP half-life is ca.9 h in retinol-depleted cells.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	34-37
1377731-3	1992	In the rats fed with vitamin A-free diet containing HCH, significant reductions were noticed in the total white blood cells count, clotting time and prothrombin time indicating severe haematotoxicity.	Vitamin A	21-30	coagulation factor II	Rattus norvegicus	149-160
1593214-3	1992	The absolute increment in the total amount of liver SGAG in the vitamin A--pretreated group was followed by a more important increase in the concentration of dermatan sulfate as compared with the CCl4 group (dermatan sulfate-to-heparan sulfate ratio: 1.15 for the CCl4 group vs 1.70 for the vitamin A--pretreated group).	Vitamin A	64-73	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	264-268
1593214-5	1992	Our results indicate that the pretreatment with vitamin A modifies hepatic collagen and SGAG deposition and can inhibit or delay the development of liver cirrhosis in rats chronically treated with CCl4.	Vitamin A	48-57	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	197-201
1572282-5	1992	Size exclusion and ion exchange chromatography demonstrated that virtually all retinol assayed in uterine flushings was associated with RBP.	Vitamin A	79-86	retinol binding protein 4	Sus scrofa	136-139
1425454-0	1992	Inhibition by epidermal growth factor (EGF) of epidermal DNA synthesis in cultured chick embryonic skin pretreated with retinol and/or hydrocortisone: specific increment in EGF binding activity in both retinol- and hydrocortisone-pretreated epidermis without correlation to EGF-mediated inhibition of cell growth.	Vitamin A	120-127	epidermal growth factor	Gallus gallus	14-37
1425454-0	1992	Inhibition by epidermal growth factor (EGF) of epidermal DNA synthesis in cultured chick embryonic skin pretreated with retinol and/or hydrocortisone: specific increment in EGF binding activity in both retinol- and hydrocortisone-pretreated epidermis without correlation to EGF-mediated inhibition of cell growth.	Vitamin A	120-127	epidermal growth factor	Gallus gallus	39-42
1425454-0	1992	Inhibition by epidermal growth factor (EGF) of epidermal DNA synthesis in cultured chick embryonic skin pretreated with retinol and/or hydrocortisone: specific increment in EGF binding activity in both retinol- and hydrocortisone-pretreated epidermis without correlation to EGF-mediated inhibition of cell growth.	Vitamin A	120-127	epidermal growth factor	Gallus gallus	173-176
1425454-0	1992	Inhibition by epidermal growth factor (EGF) of epidermal DNA synthesis in cultured chick embryonic skin pretreated with retinol and/or hydrocortisone: specific increment in EGF binding activity in both retinol- and hydrocortisone-pretreated epidermis without correlation to EGF-mediated inhibition of cell growth.	Vitamin A	120-127	epidermal growth factor	Gallus gallus	173-176
1425454-0	1992	Inhibition by epidermal growth factor (EGF) of epidermal DNA synthesis in cultured chick embryonic skin pretreated with retinol and/or hydrocortisone: specific increment in EGF binding activity in both retinol- and hydrocortisone-pretreated epidermis without correlation to EGF-mediated inhibition of cell growth.	Vitamin A	202-209	epidermal growth factor	Gallus gallus	14-37
1425454-0	1992	Inhibition by epidermal growth factor (EGF) of epidermal DNA synthesis in cultured chick embryonic skin pretreated with retinol and/or hydrocortisone: specific increment in EGF binding activity in both retinol- and hydrocortisone-pretreated epidermis without correlation to EGF-mediated inhibition of cell growth.	Vitamin A	202-209	epidermal growth factor	Gallus gallus	39-42
1425454-0	1992	Inhibition by epidermal growth factor (EGF) of epidermal DNA synthesis in cultured chick embryonic skin pretreated with retinol and/or hydrocortisone: specific increment in EGF binding activity in both retinol- and hydrocortisone-pretreated epidermis without correlation to EGF-mediated inhibition of cell growth.	Vitamin A	202-209	epidermal growth factor	Gallus gallus	173-176
1425454-0	1992	Inhibition by epidermal growth factor (EGF) of epidermal DNA synthesis in cultured chick embryonic skin pretreated with retinol and/or hydrocortisone: specific increment in EGF binding activity in both retinol- and hydrocortisone-pretreated epidermis without correlation to EGF-mediated inhibition of cell growth.	Vitamin A	202-209	epidermal growth factor	Gallus gallus	173-176
1425454-2	1992	The addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF, 10 ng/ml) to retinol- or hydrocortisone-pretreated skin further inhibited the epidermal DNA synthesis.	Vitamin A	59-66	epidermal growth factor	Gallus gallus	16-39
1425454-2	1992	The addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF, 10 ng/ml) to retinol- or hydrocortisone-pretreated skin further inhibited the epidermal DNA synthesis.	Vitamin A	59-66	epidermal growth factor	Gallus gallus	41-44
1425454-4	1992	In epidermis which was induced to differentiation toward keratinization by hydrocortisone or mucous metaplasia by retinol, EGF inhibited DNA synthesis.	Vitamin A	114-121	epidermal growth factor	Gallus gallus	123-126
1425454-5	1992	The extent of [125I]-EGF binding to the epidermis of retinol- and hydrocortisone-pretreated skin was 160-180% that in control skin, with no change in affinity.	Vitamin A	53-60	epidermal growth factor	Gallus gallus	21-24
1562584-1	1992	Holo-CRBP (cellular retinol binding protein) is recognized specifically by an NADP-dependent microsomal retinol dehydrogenase and protects retinol from conversion into retinal by NAD and NADPH dependent dehydrogenases.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	5-9
1453350-6	1992	But even at month 7, liver sustains a partial capacity of ODC recovery if retinol is fed during 15 days.	Vitamin A	74-81	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
1567193-1	1992	Hepatic cytosol from normal deermice having cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH+) also displays retinol dehydrogenase activity and converts retinol to retinoic acid, whereas cytosol from ADH- deermice lacks these enzyme activities and does not produce retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	97-104	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	54-75
1613075-7	1992	Tissue contents of retinol binding protein (RBP), which transports vitamin A from the liver to the remainder of the body, were determined by immunoblotting with anti-mouse RBP.	Vitamin A	67-76	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	19-42
1567193-1	1992	Hepatic cytosol from normal deermice having cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH+) also displays retinol dehydrogenase activity and converts retinol to retinoic acid, whereas cytosol from ADH- deermice lacks these enzyme activities and does not produce retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	97-104	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	77-81
1567193-1	1992	Hepatic cytosol from normal deermice having cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH+) also displays retinol dehydrogenase activity and converts retinol to retinoic acid, whereas cytosol from ADH- deermice lacks these enzyme activities and does not produce retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	97-104	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	77-80
1567193-5	1992	Microsomal retinol dehydrogenase also catalyzes the reduction of retinal to retinol, thereby explaining the decrease in retinoic acid production from retinol in liver cytosol of ADH+ deermice when microsomes are added.	Vitamin A	11-18	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	178-182
1567193-5	1992	Microsomal retinol dehydrogenase also catalyzes the reduction of retinal to retinol, thereby explaining the decrease in retinoic acid production from retinol in liver cytosol of ADH+ deermice when microsomes are added.	Vitamin A	76-83	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	11-32
1567193-5	1992	Microsomal retinol dehydrogenase also catalyzes the reduction of retinal to retinol, thereby explaining the decrease in retinoic acid production from retinol in liver cytosol of ADH+ deermice when microsomes are added.	Vitamin A	76-83	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	178-182
1576255-11	1992	Insulin also stimulated uPa and tPa production by prepubertal Sertoli cells, and retinol significantly suppressed uPa production and the ability of FSH to stimulate tPa production by midpubertal Sertoli cells.	Vitamin A	81-88	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
1613075-7	1992	Tissue contents of retinol binding protein (RBP), which transports vitamin A from the liver to the remainder of the body, were determined by immunoblotting with anti-mouse RBP.	Vitamin A	67-76	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	44-47
1373468-1	1992	One of the monoclonal antibodies raised against bovine beta-lactoglobulin reacted with human serum retinol binding protein.	Vitamin A	99-106	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	55-73
1540594-1	1992	Rat intestinal cellular retinol binding protein II (CRBP II) is an abundant 134-residue protein that binds all-trans-retinol which contains 4 tryptophans in positions 9, 89, 107, and 110.	Vitamin A	107-124	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	15-50
1540594-1	1992	Rat intestinal cellular retinol binding protein II (CRBP II) is an abundant 134-residue protein that binds all-trans-retinol which contains 4 tryptophans in positions 9, 89, 107, and 110.	Vitamin A	107-124	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	52-59
1572702-0	1992	The role of interleukin-6 in vitamin A deficiency during Plasmodium falciparum malaria and possible consequences for vitamin A supplementation.	Vitamin A	29-38	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	12-25
1572702-2	1992	It was found that IL-6 levels followed the rise and decrease of parasitaemia by 12 hr and correlated inversely with levels of vitamin A and its binding proteins.	Vitamin A	126-135	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	18-22
1542003-1	1992	Two forms of human cellular retinol-binding protein, type II [hCRBP(II)A and hCRBP(II)B], were purified from the small intestine in a three-step purification procedure.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
1542003-1	1992	Two forms of human cellular retinol-binding protein, type II [hCRBP(II)A and hCRBP(II)B], were purified from the small intestine in a three-step purification procedure.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
1542003-5	1992	The ability of pure hCRBP(II) to bind all-trans-retinol, retinal and retinoic acid was examined by competitive binding assay and compared with the binding specificity of pure human cellular retinol-binding protein (hCRBP).	Vitamin A	38-55	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	20-29
1542003-5	1992	The ability of pure hCRBP(II) to bind all-trans-retinol, retinal and retinoic acid was examined by competitive binding assay and compared with the binding specificity of pure human cellular retinol-binding protein (hCRBP).	Vitamin A	38-55	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
1542003-7	1992	Retinal competed with retinol for binding to hCRBP(II) but not to hCRBP, consistent with what was observed for the homologous proteins of rats.	Vitamin A	22-29	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	45-54
1542003-7	1992	Retinal competed with retinol for binding to hCRBP(II) but not to hCRBP, consistent with what was observed for the homologous proteins of rats.	Vitamin A	22-29	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	45-50
1542003-12	1992	These results provide tools for further investigation of the role of hCRBP(II) and suggest that previous results from rats, in this important aspect, are relevant to human metabolism of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	186-195	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	69-78
1543487-5	1992	The expression of the thioredoxin gene is stimulated 8-10 fold by vitamin A (retinol) in monkey TBE cells.	Vitamin A	77-84	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	22-33
1543487-0	1992	Thioredoxin gene expression is transcriptionally up-regulated by retinol in monkey conducting airway epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	65-72	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	0-11
1543487-5	1992	The expression of the thioredoxin gene is stimulated 8-10 fold by vitamin A (retinol) in monkey TBE cells.	Vitamin A	66-75	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	22-33
1543487-7	1992	These results, in conjunction with the nuclear run-on transcriptional assay, support the conclusion that thioredoxin gene is transcriptionally up-regulated by retinol and/or its metabolites.	Vitamin A	159-166	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	105-116
1540932-7	1992	Fat deprivation in the diet of animals fed with vitamin A deficient diet decreased the tumor burden and tumor incidence to 59.0 and 4.0%, respectively which were still more than in the control animals.	Vitamin A	48-57	CD36 molecule	Mus musculus	0-3
1622339-0	1992	Alteration of murine odontogenic patterning and prolongation of expression of epidermal growth factor mRNA by retinol in vitro.	Vitamin A	110-117	epidermal growth factor	Mus musculus	78-101
1740364-1	1992	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 55-kilodalton tetrameric protein that plays an important role in the plasma transport of thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	128-135	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
1562584-1	1992	Holo-CRBP (cellular retinol binding protein) is recognized specifically by an NADP-dependent microsomal retinol dehydrogenase and protects retinol from conversion into retinal by NAD and NADPH dependent dehydrogenases.	Vitamin A	104-111	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	5-9
1740364-1	1992	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 55-kilodalton tetrameric protein that plays an important role in the plasma transport of thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	128-135	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
1538719-0	1992	Role of isozymes of rabbit microsomal cytochrome P-450 in the metabolism of retinoic acid, retinol, and retinal.	Vitamin A	91-98	cytochrome P-450	Oryctolagus cuniculus	38-54
1370608-8	1992	TM expression was also increased by treatment with 10 microM-retinal or 10 microM-retinol for 24 h, though the increases were approx.	Vitamin A	82-89	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	0-2
1547313-4	1992	The ultraviolet absorption spectrum and fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of the purified ovine placental RBP indicated the presence of bound retinol.	Vitamin A	153-160	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	117-120
1547313-8	1992	Transport, storage, and metabolism of retinol mediated by placental RBP may be essential for normal embryonic development during pregnancy.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	68-71
1628488-4	1992	Treatment with Interleukin-1 (Il-1) or retinol resulted in diminished synthesis and enhanced catabolism of matrix proteoglycans, but the chondrocytes were more sensitive to human recombinant Il-1 alpha than to Il-1 beta.	Vitamin A	39-46	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	191-201
1628488-4	1992	Treatment with Interleukin-1 (Il-1) or retinol resulted in diminished synthesis and enhanced catabolism of matrix proteoglycans, but the chondrocytes were more sensitive to human recombinant Il-1 alpha than to Il-1 beta.	Vitamin A	39-46	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	210-219
1424807-1	1992	Prealbumin is a serum protein which plays an important role in plasma transport of retinol and thyroxine.	Vitamin A	83-90	transthyretin	Mus musculus	0-10
1613076-2	1992	Plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) was tested as a possible candidate gene for the Er defect because of the importance of retinol as a modulator of epithelial morphogenesis and differentiation.	Vitamin A	7-14	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	32-35
1730653-4	1992	Cultivated stellate cells loaded in vitro with [3H]retinyl ester mobilized radioactive retinol as a complex with RBP.	Vitamin A	87-94	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	113-116
1730653-5	1992	Furthermore, exogenous RBP added to the medium of cultured stellate cells increased the secretion of retinol to the medium.	Vitamin A	101-108	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	23-26
1730653-7	1992	The direct mobilization of retinol from liver stellate cells as retinol-RBP to blood is indirectly supported by the demonstration of RBP mRNA production and RBP secretion by lung stellate cells.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	72-75
1730653-7	1992	The direct mobilization of retinol from liver stellate cells as retinol-RBP to blood is indirectly supported by the demonstration of RBP mRNA production and RBP secretion by lung stellate cells.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	133-136
1730653-7	1992	The direct mobilization of retinol from liver stellate cells as retinol-RBP to blood is indirectly supported by the demonstration of RBP mRNA production and RBP secretion by lung stellate cells.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	133-136
1730653-7	1992	The direct mobilization of retinol from liver stellate cells as retinol-RBP to blood is indirectly supported by the demonstration of RBP mRNA production and RBP secretion by lung stellate cells.	Vitamin A	64-71	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	72-75
1730653-9	1992	This is, vitamin A-storing stellate cells in liver, lungs, and probably also in other organs may synthesize their own RBP (or alternatively use exogenous RBP) and mobilize holo-RBP directly to the blood.	Vitamin A	9-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	118-121
1730653-9	1992	This is, vitamin A-storing stellate cells in liver, lungs, and probably also in other organs may synthesize their own RBP (or alternatively use exogenous RBP) and mobilize holo-RBP directly to the blood.	Vitamin A	9-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	154-157
1730653-9	1992	This is, vitamin A-storing stellate cells in liver, lungs, and probably also in other organs may synthesize their own RBP (or alternatively use exogenous RBP) and mobilize holo-RBP directly to the blood.	Vitamin A	9-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	154-157
1296561-7	1992	Feed intake and vitamin A levels positively affected haemoglobin content, packed cell volume, glucose, urea, total protein, vitamin A, insulin, cholesterol, phospholipids, glutamate oxaloacetate and glutamate pyruvate transaminases and alkaline phosphatase in blood Vitamin A, insulin, cholesterol and phospholipids in blood increased gradually over the experimental period.	Vitamin A	16-25	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	135-142
1296561-7	1992	Feed intake and vitamin A levels positively affected haemoglobin content, packed cell volume, glucose, urea, total protein, vitamin A, insulin, cholesterol, phospholipids, glutamate oxaloacetate and glutamate pyruvate transaminases and alkaline phosphatase in blood Vitamin A, insulin, cholesterol and phospholipids in blood increased gradually over the experimental period.	Vitamin A	16-25	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	277-284
1334741-3	1992	Retinol is the major retinoid transported in the blood and tissues by its specific carrier retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	91-114
1334741-3	1992	Retinol is the major retinoid transported in the blood and tissues by its specific carrier retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	116-119
1334741-5	1992	RBP-retinol circulation supplies target cells, which then activate retinol into retinoic acid (RA) if they possess the NAD-dependent enzymatic oxidation system.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
1334741-5	1992	RBP-retinol circulation supplies target cells, which then activate retinol into retinoic acid (RA) if they possess the NAD-dependent enzymatic oxidation system.	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
1530789-7	1992	After adjusting for age and smoking habits, DHEAS concentrations were also inversely correlated with reported use of multivitamins (r = -0.16, P = 0.0002) and positively correlated with plasma retinol levels (r = 0.14, P = 0.002).	Vitamin A	193-200	sulfotransferase family 2A member 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
1730911-7	1992	Vitamin A deficiency reduced both the frequency of B lymphocytes secreting IgG1 antibodies to parasite antigens, and the bone marrow eosinophilia associated with helminth infection.	Vitamin A	0-9	LOC105243590	Mus musculus	75-79
1730911-14	1992	These results suggest two vitamin A-mediated regulation steps in IFN-gamma gene expression: positive regulation of IFN-gamma transcript levels, and negative regulation posttranscriptionally.	Vitamin A	26-35	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	65-74
1730911-14	1992	These results suggest two vitamin A-mediated regulation steps in IFN-gamma gene expression: positive regulation of IFN-gamma transcript levels, and negative regulation posttranscriptionally.	Vitamin A	26-35	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	115-124
1661301-1	1991	We have recently demonstrated that all-trans retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, is an efficient alternative to chemotherapy in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (AML3).	Vitamin A	90-99	RUNX family transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	195-199
1552481-13	1992	Testosterone at up to 5 x 10(-7) mol/l had no effect; 500 ng retinol/ml doubled o-transferrin secretion (218% of control) as did 500 ng FSH/ml (220% of control).	Vitamin A	61-68	serotransferrin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	82-93
1552481-14	1992	A combination of retinol and FSH increased the secretion 4-fold, indicating that maximal stimulation of o-transferrin secretion by ovine Sertoli cells requires the combined actions of mechanisms dependent and independent of cAMP.	Vitamin A	17-24	serotransferrin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	106-117
1631041-5	1992	Conformational changes of this type could serve as a recognition signal allowing in vivo discrimination between the free and retinol complexed forms of the beta-lactoglobulin molecule.	Vitamin A	125-132	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	156-174
1770192-5	1991	P-450 induction also explains depletion (and enhanced toxicity) of nutritional factors such as vitamin A.	Vitamin A	95-104	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-5
1719965-2	1991	All-trans-RA increased lung RAR-beta mRNA levels 5 or 11-fold in chow fed and retinol deficient rats, respectively.	Vitamin A	78-85	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	28-36
1775528-3	1991	The present experiments further characterize the IRBP/RPE-eyecup system with respect to (i) the solubilization and protection of retinol by IRBP, and (ii) the time course of IRBP-mediated release of 11-cis retinal by the RPE.	Vitamin A	129-136	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	49-53
1915658-0	1991	Retinol-binding protein and transthyretin expressed in HeLa cells form a complex in the endoplasmic reticulum in both the absence and the presence of retinol.	Vitamin A	150-157	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
1915658-0	1991	Retinol-binding protein and transthyretin expressed in HeLa cells form a complex in the endoplasmic reticulum in both the absence and the presence of retinol.	Vitamin A	150-157	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	28-41
1915658-7	1991	The effect of the vitamin A status on the secretion of TTR and RBP was examined.	Vitamin A	18-27	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	55-58
1915658-7	1991	The effect of the vitamin A status on the secretion of TTR and RBP was examined.	Vitamin A	18-27	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	63-66
1915658-8	1991	While TTR expressed alone was not retained intracellularly, TTR was retained in vitamin A-deficient cells when co-expressed with RBP.	Vitamin A	80-89	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	60-63
1915658-8	1991	While TTR expressed alone was not retained intracellularly, TTR was retained in vitamin A-deficient cells when co-expressed with RBP.	Vitamin A	80-89	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	129-132
1655814-5	1991	Contrary to expectation, we find that retinoic acid persists for longer (t 1/2 3 d) in cultures than retinol (t 1/2 1 d).	Vitamin A	101-108	interleukin 1 receptor like 1	Homo sapiens	110-119
1666289-8	1991	After sequencing of the clone of 572 bp, it was unexpectedly found that pG8 was completely homologous to the coding sequence of transthyretin, TTR gene, as TTR (or prealbumin) gene has been known to be linked to a hereditary disorder, familial amyloidosis (FAP), and related to thyroxine transport and binding to retinol-RBP (the retinol binding protein) complex.	Vitamin A	313-320	coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1	Homo sapiens	72-75
1666289-8	1991	After sequencing of the clone of 572 bp, it was unexpectedly found that pG8 was completely homologous to the coding sequence of transthyretin, TTR gene, as TTR (or prealbumin) gene has been known to be linked to a hereditary disorder, familial amyloidosis (FAP), and related to thyroxine transport and binding to retinol-RBP (the retinol binding protein) complex.	Vitamin A	313-320	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	128-141
1666289-8	1991	After sequencing of the clone of 572 bp, it was unexpectedly found that pG8 was completely homologous to the coding sequence of transthyretin, TTR gene, as TTR (or prealbumin) gene has been known to be linked to a hereditary disorder, familial amyloidosis (FAP), and related to thyroxine transport and binding to retinol-RBP (the retinol binding protein) complex.	Vitamin A	313-320	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	143-146
1666289-8	1991	After sequencing of the clone of 572 bp, it was unexpectedly found that pG8 was completely homologous to the coding sequence of transthyretin, TTR gene, as TTR (or prealbumin) gene has been known to be linked to a hereditary disorder, familial amyloidosis (FAP), and related to thyroxine transport and binding to retinol-RBP (the retinol binding protein) complex.	Vitamin A	313-320	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	156-159
1666289-8	1991	After sequencing of the clone of 572 bp, it was unexpectedly found that pG8 was completely homologous to the coding sequence of transthyretin, TTR gene, as TTR (or prealbumin) gene has been known to be linked to a hereditary disorder, familial amyloidosis (FAP), and related to thyroxine transport and binding to retinol-RBP (the retinol binding protein) complex.	Vitamin A	330-337	coiled-coil alpha-helical rod protein 1	Homo sapiens	72-75
1666289-8	1991	After sequencing of the clone of 572 bp, it was unexpectedly found that pG8 was completely homologous to the coding sequence of transthyretin, TTR gene, as TTR (or prealbumin) gene has been known to be linked to a hereditary disorder, familial amyloidosis (FAP), and related to thyroxine transport and binding to retinol-RBP (the retinol binding protein) complex.	Vitamin A	330-337	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	128-141
1666289-8	1991	After sequencing of the clone of 572 bp, it was unexpectedly found that pG8 was completely homologous to the coding sequence of transthyretin, TTR gene, as TTR (or prealbumin) gene has been known to be linked to a hereditary disorder, familial amyloidosis (FAP), and related to thyroxine transport and binding to retinol-RBP (the retinol binding protein) complex.	Vitamin A	330-337	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	143-146
1666289-8	1991	After sequencing of the clone of 572 bp, it was unexpectedly found that pG8 was completely homologous to the coding sequence of transthyretin, TTR gene, as TTR (or prealbumin) gene has been known to be linked to a hereditary disorder, familial amyloidosis (FAP), and related to thyroxine transport and binding to retinol-RBP (the retinol binding protein) complex.	Vitamin A	330-337	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	156-159
1719965-3	1991	Similarly to lung, liver RAR-beta mRNA levels were 3-fold higher in retinol deficient rats fed all-trans-RA than the rats fed cottonseed oil.	Vitamin A	68-75	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	25-33
1723146-10	1991	Secretion of large quantities of RBP by the trophoblast of preimplantation pig conceptuses suggests important roles for vitamin A and RBP near the time of conceptus elongation.	Vitamin A	120-129	retinol binding protein 4	Sus scrofa	33-36
1517032-7	1992	Retinol levels were found to be correlated with RBP levels.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	48-51
1918012-12	1991	The decreased levels of PR result in impaired responsiveness to progestins and this suggests that RA derived from dietary vitamin A may have a role in modulating cellular sensitivity to progestins.	Vitamin A	122-131	progesterone receptor	Homo sapiens	24-26
1654565-7	1991	In the testes of retinol-deficient animals, two transcripts, RAR-alpha 1 (3.7 kb) and RAR-alpha 2 (2.8 kb), were detected as compared with one RAR-alpha 1 (3.7 kb) transcript in retinol-sufficient testes.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	61-70
1654565-7	1991	In the testes of retinol-deficient animals, two transcripts, RAR-alpha 1 (3.7 kb) and RAR-alpha 2 (2.8 kb), were detected as compared with one RAR-alpha 1 (3.7 kb) transcript in retinol-sufficient testes.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	86-95
1654565-7	1991	In the testes of retinol-deficient animals, two transcripts, RAR-alpha 1 (3.7 kb) and RAR-alpha 2 (2.8 kb), were detected as compared with one RAR-alpha 1 (3.7 kb) transcript in retinol-sufficient testes.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	86-95
1654565-8	1991	When retinol-deficient rats were orally administered 1 dose of retinoic acid (100 micrograms per rat), lung RAR-beta mRNA levels started to increase after 1 hr and reached a 16-fold higher level after 4 hr; after 4 hr these retinoic acid-fed rats also showed a 7-fold increase in liver RAR-beta mRNA levels as compared with levels in the retinol-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	5-12	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	108-116
1654565-8	1991	When retinol-deficient rats were orally administered 1 dose of retinoic acid (100 micrograms per rat), lung RAR-beta mRNA levels started to increase after 1 hr and reached a 16-fold higher level after 4 hr; after 4 hr these retinoic acid-fed rats also showed a 7-fold increase in liver RAR-beta mRNA levels as compared with levels in the retinol-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	5-12	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	286-294
1654565-8	1991	When retinol-deficient rats were orally administered 1 dose of retinoic acid (100 micrograms per rat), lung RAR-beta mRNA levels started to increase after 1 hr and reached a 16-fold higher level after 4 hr; after 4 hr these retinoic acid-fed rats also showed a 7-fold increase in liver RAR-beta mRNA levels as compared with levels in the retinol-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	338-345	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	108-116
1885578-1	1991	The activity of lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) was determined in microsomes from the liver and small intestine of rats with differing vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	143-152	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	16-48
1885578-1	1991	The activity of lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) was determined in microsomes from the liver and small intestine of rats with differing vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	143-152	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
1885578-2	1991	In animals depleted of retinol, as judged by undetectable liver vitamin A stores and low plasma retinol concentrations, hepatic LRAT activity was almost undetectable, whether assayed with retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein or solvent-dispersed retinol.	Vitamin A	23-30	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
1885578-4	1991	During the course of vitamin A depletion, liver LRAT activity fell progressively, nearly in parallel to the decrease in plasma retinol concentration.	Vitamin A	21-30	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
1885578-5	1991	Oral repletion of vitamin A-depleted rats with 0.8 mg of retinol resulted in a very rapid restoration of plasma retinol concentration and full recovery of hepatic LRAT activity within 24 h, together with deposition of retinyl ester in the liver.	Vitamin A	18-27	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	163-167
1885578-5	1991	Oral repletion of vitamin A-depleted rats with 0.8 mg of retinol resulted in a very rapid restoration of plasma retinol concentration and full recovery of hepatic LRAT activity within 24 h, together with deposition of retinyl ester in the liver.	Vitamin A	57-64	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	163-167
1885578-7	1991	Retention of the intestine"s capacity to esterify retinol during vitamin A deficiency provides a mechanism for capture of dietary vitamin A, while reduced hepatic LRAT activity may function to redirect retinol in liver from storage to other metabolic pathways.	Vitamin A	202-209	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	163-167
1659794-3	1991	Plasma renin activity (PRA) plasma concentration of active renin, atrial natriuretic hormone and urinary cyclic GMP were higher in patients in NYHA Class IV than in those in Classes II-III, whilst plasma sodium, angiotensinogen, prealbumin and retinol-binding protein concentrations were lower in Class IV patients than in patients in Classes II-III.	Vitamin A	244-251	renin	Homo sapiens	7-12
1659794-4	1991	The plasma angiotensinogen concentrations were negatively correlated with PRA (r = -0.41, p less than 0.02), active renin (r = -0.45, p = 0.005), the atrial natriuretic factor (r = -0.36, p less than 0.05) and positively correlated with prealbumin (r = 0.54, p less than 0.001) and retinol-binding protein (r = 0.60, p less than 0.0001).	Vitamin A	282-289	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	11-26
1936170-1	1991	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is a vitamin A carrier present only in the extracellular material lying between the neural retina and the retinal pigment epithelium of vertebrate eyes.	Vitamin A	56-65	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	0-43
1715867-1	1991	Cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) carries 11-cis-retinol or 11-cis-retinaldehyde as endogenous ligands and may function as a substrate carrier protein that modulates interaction of these retinoids with visual cycle enzymes.	Vitamin A	56-70	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Bos taurus	0-38
1715867-1	1991	Cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) carries 11-cis-retinol or 11-cis-retinaldehyde as endogenous ligands and may function as a substrate carrier protein that modulates interaction of these retinoids with visual cycle enzymes.	Vitamin A	56-70	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Bos taurus	40-46
1907993-7	1991	These results are consistent with a role for vitamin A in negatively regulating IFN-gamma secretion.	Vitamin A	45-54	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	80-89
1651173-1	1991	The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid exerts its effects on transcription through two distinct classes of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR).	Vitamin A	4-13	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	167-186
1651173-1	1991	The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid exerts its effects on transcription through two distinct classes of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR).	Vitamin A	4-13	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	188-191
1651173-2	1991	We provide evidence that expression of the gene for cellular retinol-binding protein type II (CRBPII), a key protein in the intestinal absorption of vitamin A, is dramatically up-regulated by retinoic acid in the presence of RXR but not RAR.	Vitamin A	149-158	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	52-92
1651173-2	1991	We provide evidence that expression of the gene for cellular retinol-binding protein type II (CRBPII), a key protein in the intestinal absorption of vitamin A, is dramatically up-regulated by retinoic acid in the presence of RXR but not RAR.	Vitamin A	149-158	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	94-100
1651173-2	1991	We provide evidence that expression of the gene for cellular retinol-binding protein type II (CRBPII), a key protein in the intestinal absorption of vitamin A, is dramatically up-regulated by retinoic acid in the presence of RXR but not RAR.	Vitamin A	149-158	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	225-228
1651173-4	1991	The discovery of this new RX response element provides a means for distinguishing between the two retinoid receptor systems and suggests that an RXR-mediated pathway exists for modulating vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	188-197	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	145-148
1652460-1	1991	Transthyretin (TTR) is a circulatory protein which plays an important role in the transport of both thyroid hormone and retinol.	Vitamin A	120-127	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
1898045-2	1991	Retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) or dispersed in solvent was esterified in a fatty acyl CoA-independent, PMSF-sensitive reaction, consistent with lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) activity.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-49
1898045-2	1991	Retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) or dispersed in solvent was esterified in a fatty acyl CoA-independent, PMSF-sensitive reaction, consistent with lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) activity.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
1898045-2	1991	Retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) or dispersed in solvent was esterified in a fatty acyl CoA-independent, PMSF-sensitive reaction, consistent with lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) activity.	Vitamin A	0-7	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	170-202
1898045-2	1991	Retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) or dispersed in solvent was esterified in a fatty acyl CoA-independent, PMSF-sensitive reaction, consistent with lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) activity.	Vitamin A	0-7	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	204-208
1898045-3	1991	LRAT activity exhibited the same Km (2 microM retinol) between tissues but a higher Vmax in liver as compared to that in mammary gland (47 vs 8 pmol/min/mg microsome protein, respectively).	Vitamin A	46-53	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
1898045-4	1991	Solvent-dispersed retinol was also esterified in a fatty acyl CoA-dependent, PMSF-resistant reaction, consistent with acyl CoA:retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) activity.	Vitamin A	18-25	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	118-150
1898045-4	1991	Solvent-dispersed retinol was also esterified in a fatty acyl CoA-dependent, PMSF-resistant reaction, consistent with acyl CoA:retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) activity.	Vitamin A	18-25	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
1898045-5	1991	Retinol bound to CRBP was not a good substrate for this reaction.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
1898045-6	1991	ARAT activity displayed a similar Vmax (300 pmol/min/mg microsome protein) between tissues but Km values of 15 and 5 microM for retinol and fatty acyl CoA in mammary gland as compared to 30 and 25 microM, respectively, in the liver.	Vitamin A	128-135	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
1898045-7	1991	Thus, when substrate was near or below Km, retinol esterification occurred predominantly by LRAT in the liver and ARAT in the mammary gland, respectively.	Vitamin A	43-50	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
1898045-7	1991	Thus, when substrate was near or below Km, retinol esterification occurred predominantly by LRAT in the liver and ARAT in the mammary gland, respectively.	Vitamin A	43-50	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
1898045-9	1991	These data suggest that retinol esterification is regulated via different mechanisms in liver and mammary gland and support a specific role for CRBP in the liver.	Vitamin A	24-31	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
1718755-8	1991	Physiological concentrations of retinol bound to retinol-binding protein and retinyl ester in chylomicron remnants reduced proliferation as well as the level of c-myc oncoprotein and induced differentiation of HL-60 cells cultivated in defined medium.	Vitamin A	32-39	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	161-166
1855468-1	1991	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) is a potential mediator of vitamin A action.	Vitamin A	67-76	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
1855468-1	1991	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) is a potential mediator of vitamin A action.	Vitamin A	67-76	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
1855468-7	1991	We conclude that CRBP gene expression can be modulated by both retinoic acid and dexamethasone in the vitamin A-sufficient animal.	Vitamin A	102-111	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
2071940-0	1991	Comparison of the rate of uptake and biologic effects of retinol added to human keratinocytes either directly to the culture medium or bound to serum retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	57-64	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	150-173
2071940-1	1991	Retinol circulates in the plasma bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), but the mechanism by which retinol is transferred from RBP to target cells is not known.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	42-65
2071940-1	1991	Retinol circulates in the plasma bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), but the mechanism by which retinol is transferred from RBP to target cells is not known.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	67-70
2071940-1	1991	Retinol circulates in the plasma bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), but the mechanism by which retinol is transferred from RBP to target cells is not known.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	128-131
2071940-1	1991	Retinol circulates in the plasma bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), but the mechanism by which retinol is transferred from RBP to target cells is not known.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	67-70
2071940-4	1991	Although maximal uptake of [3H]retinol added directly to the culture medium occurred at 3 h, the uptake of [3H]retinol from RBP was linear with time for at least 72 h. By 57 h, cell-associated [3H]retinol was the same whether it was added directly to the culture medium or bound to RBP.	Vitamin A	111-118	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	124-127
2071940-4	1991	Although maximal uptake of [3H]retinol added directly to the culture medium occurred at 3 h, the uptake of [3H]retinol from RBP was linear with time for at least 72 h. By 57 h, cell-associated [3H]retinol was the same whether it was added directly to the culture medium or bound to RBP.	Vitamin A	111-118	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	124-127
2071940-8	1991	The dose response of retinol inhibition of cholesterol sulfate synthesis and phorbol ester-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity or retinol modulation of keratin expression was the same whether the retinol was delivered to HKc bound to RBP or added directly to the medium.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	239-242
2071940-9	1991	Our data support a mechanism for retinol delivery from RBP to HKc that does not involve cell-surface RBP receptors but instead suggest that the vitamin is first slowly released from RBP and then becomes cell-associated from the aqueous phase.	Vitamin A	33-40	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	55-58
1953430-0	1991	Vitamin A status of pregnant women in five districts of Sri Lanka.	Vitamin A	0-9	sorcin	Homo sapiens	56-59
1936170-2	1991	The amount of retinol bound endogenously by IRBP in this interphotoreceptor space is known to increase upon illumination.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	44-48
1936170-3	1991	This finding led to the hypothesis that IRBP may act as a shuttle for vitamin A during the visual cycle that regenerates rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	70-79	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	40-44
1936170-3	1991	This finding led to the hypothesis that IRBP may act as a shuttle for vitamin A during the visual cycle that regenerates rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	70-79	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	121-130
1936170-10	1991	Thus, the major endogenous ligand of IRBP is 11-cis retinaldehyde in the dark and all-trans retinol in the light.	Vitamin A	92-99	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	37-41
1664394-0	1991	Role of biotransformation in PCB-induced alterations in vitamin A and thyroid hormone metabolism in laboratory and wildlife species.	Vitamin A	56-65	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	29-32
1939470-1	1991	We describe a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of vitamin A-transporting (holo) transthyretin-bound (TTR) retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations in serum or plasma.	Vitamin A	101-110	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	152-155
1939470-1	1991	We describe a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of vitamin A-transporting (holo) transthyretin-bound (TTR) retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations in serum or plasma.	Vitamin A	101-110	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	182-185
1939470-2	1991	Holo-TTR-RBP and free retinol derived primarily from free RBP are consistently observed with this chromatographic method.	Vitamin A	22-29	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	58-61
1939470-5	1991	The percentage of RBP circulating as holo-TTR-RBP decreased significantly as the total concentration of RBP or retinol increased.	Vitamin A	111-118	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	18-21
1939470-5	1991	The percentage of RBP circulating as holo-TTR-RBP decreased significantly as the total concentration of RBP or retinol increased.	Vitamin A	111-118	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	42-45
1939470-5	1991	The percentage of RBP circulating as holo-TTR-RBP decreased significantly as the total concentration of RBP or retinol increased.	Vitamin A	111-118	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	46-49
1939470-5	1991	The percentage of RBP circulating as holo-TTR-RBP decreased significantly as the total concentration of RBP or retinol increased.	Vitamin A	111-118	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	46-49
2054343-0	1991	Interactions of retinol with binding proteins: studies with rat cellular retinol-binding protein and with rat retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	16-23	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-96
2054343-0	1991	Interactions of retinol with binding proteins: studies with rat cellular retinol-binding protein and with rat retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	16-23	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	73-96
2054343-1	1991	The interactions of retinol with rat cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and with rat serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) were studied.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	46-69
2054343-1	1991	The interactions of retinol with rat cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and with rat serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) were studied.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
2054343-1	1991	The interactions of retinol with rat cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and with rat serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) were studied.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
2054343-4	1991	It was found that although the equilibrium dissociation constants of the two retinol-protein complexes were similar, retinol interacted with CRBP 3-5-fold faster than with RBP; the rate constants for dissociation of retinol from CRBP and from RBP (koff) were 0.57 and 0.18 min-1, respectively.	Vitamin A	117-124	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
2054343-4	1991	It was found that although the equilibrium dissociation constants of the two retinol-protein complexes were similar, retinol interacted with CRBP 3-5-fold faster than with RBP; the rate constants for dissociation of retinol from CRBP and from RBP (koff) were 0.57 and 0.18 min-1, respectively.	Vitamin A	117-124	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	142-145
2054343-4	1991	It was found that although the equilibrium dissociation constants of the two retinol-protein complexes were similar, retinol interacted with CRBP 3-5-fold faster than with RBP; the rate constants for dissociation of retinol from CRBP and from RBP (koff) were 0.57 and 0.18 min-1, respectively.	Vitamin A	117-124	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
2054343-4	1991	It was found that although the equilibrium dissociation constants of the two retinol-protein complexes were similar, retinol interacted with CRBP 3-5-fold faster than with RBP; the rate constants for dissociation of retinol from CRBP and from RBP (koff) were 0.57 and 0.18 min-1, respectively.	Vitamin A	117-124	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	142-145
2054343-6	1991	The kon"s for retinol associating with CRBP and with RBP were found to be 4.4 x 10(7) and 0.9 x 10(7) M-1 min-1, respectively.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
2054343-6	1991	The kon"s for retinol associating with CRBP and with RBP were found to be 4.4 x 10(7) and 0.9 x 10(7) M-1 min-1, respectively.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
2054343-8	1991	The data indicate further that the distribution of retinol between RBP in blood and CRBP in cytosol is at equilibrium and that intracellular levels of retinol are regulated by the levels of CRBP.	Vitamin A	51-58	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
2054343-8	1991	The data indicate further that the distribution of retinol between RBP in blood and CRBP in cytosol is at equilibrium and that intracellular levels of retinol are regulated by the levels of CRBP.	Vitamin A	151-158	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	190-194
1936170-1	1991	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is a vitamin A carrier present only in the extracellular material lying between the neural retina and the retinal pigment epithelium of vertebrate eyes.	Vitamin A	56-65	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	45-49
2059629-9	1991	Retinal formation from holo-CRBP displayed typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km about 1.6 microM, less than the physiological retinal concentration of 4-10 microM in the livers of rats fed diets with recommended vitamin A levels.	Vitamin A	219-228	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
1646841-1	1991	We have examined the role of retinoic acid (RA), the biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, in expression of the IL-1 beta gene in the human myeloid leukemia cell line THP-1 and in human monocytes.	Vitamin A	87-96	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	119-128
1877746-3	1991	Retinol dehydrogenase is an enzyme needed to convert vitamin A (retinol) to retinoic acid, a molecule that specifies embryonic pattern formation by controlling gene expression.	Vitamin A	53-62	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-21
1658698-2	1991	Following this binding, either the whole retinol-RBP is internalized into the cells of some tissues or only the retinol enters the cells in other tissues, with liberation of apo-RBP.	Vitamin A	41-48	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	49-52
2032240-8	1991	The data show that a vitamin A-deficient diet renders male Sprague-Dawley rats more susceptible to TE treatment than the vitamin A-sufficient diet, an effect which was associated with the augmented induction of P-450 content and activities and depletion of the glutathione/glutathione S-transferase pathway by TE.	Vitamin A	21-30	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	273-298
1877746-3	1991	Retinol dehydrogenase is an enzyme needed to convert vitamin A (retinol) to retinoic acid, a molecule that specifies embryonic pattern formation by controlling gene expression.	Vitamin A	64-71	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-21
1877746-4	1991	Ethanol acts as a competitive inhibitor of the retinol dehydrogenase activity attributed to mammalian alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), an enzyme that uses both retinol and ethanol as substrates.	Vitamin A	47-54	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	102-123
2053309-7	1991	Moreover there was a direct relationship between C-PTH and vitamin A in groups, A, B and C at the onset of the investigation and in groups and vitamin C at the end of the investigation.	Vitamin A	59-68	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	51-54
1649243-1	1991	The influence of extracellular fatty acids on the uptake and esterification of [3H]retinol bound to human retinol-binding protein (RBP), to RBP-transthyretin (TTR), or in dispersed form by the human hepatoma, HepG2, and human mammary epithelial carcinoma, MCF-7, cell lines was studied.	Vitamin A	83-90	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	106-129
1649243-1	1991	The influence of extracellular fatty acids on the uptake and esterification of [3H]retinol bound to human retinol-binding protein (RBP), to RBP-transthyretin (TTR), or in dispersed form by the human hepatoma, HepG2, and human mammary epithelial carcinoma, MCF-7, cell lines was studied.	Vitamin A	83-90	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	131-134
1649243-3	1991	Enhancement of [3H]retinol uptake was also observed in cells incubated with these fatty acids, but this increase was relatively small for the dispersed form as compared to that observed for [3H]retinol bound to RBP or RBP-TTR.	Vitamin A	194-201	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	211-214
1649243-4	1991	Comparing equal concentrations of the [3H]retinol donors, cell uptake and esterification was greatest from the dispersed form and least from that bound to RBP-TTR.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	155-158
1649243-4	1991	Comparing equal concentrations of the [3H]retinol donors, cell uptake and esterification was greatest from the dispersed form and least from that bound to RBP-TTR.	Vitamin A	42-49	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	159-162
1649243-9	1991	These effects on [3H]retinol uptake and esterification were dose-dependent as the oleate to albumin ratio was varied from 0.5 to 3.0 and were observed across a physiological concentration range of RBP-3H-retinol.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	197-200
1879351-0	1991	Complex regulation of TGF beta expression by retinoic acid in the vitamin A-deficient rat.	Vitamin A	66-75	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-30
1879351-1	1991	We report the results of a histochemical study, using polyclonal antipeptide antibodies to the different TGF beta isoforms, which demonstrates that retinoic acid regulates the expression of TGF beta 2 in the vitamin A-deficient rat.	Vitamin A	208-217	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-113
1879351-1	1991	We report the results of a histochemical study, using polyclonal antipeptide antibodies to the different TGF beta isoforms, which demonstrates that retinoic acid regulates the expression of TGF beta 2 in the vitamin A-deficient rat.	Vitamin A	208-217	transforming growth factor, beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	190-200
1856611-11	1991	These results suggest that the neutral, bile salt-independent REH is relatively specific for the hydrolysis of retinyl esters and thus may play an important physiological role in hepatic vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	187-196	carboxylesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
1713644-0	1991	Synthesis and glycosylation of fibronectin in hepatocytes from vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	63-72	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-42
2059629-7	1991	Fourth, the rate of retinal synthesis increased with increases in the concentration of holo-CRBP as a fixed concentration of unbound retinol was maintained.	Vitamin A	133-140	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
1713644-2	1991	We now find, surprisingly, decreased uptake of labeled sugars into the oligosaccharide chains of FN from vitamin A-deficient hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	105-114	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-99
1713644-10	1991	We conclude that vitamin A controls both the rate of synthesis of the polypeptide chain of FN via its mRNA, as well as the rate of its glycosylation.	Vitamin A	17-26	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-93
1999437-4	1991	In order to determine amino acid residues in CRBP which may be important for the binding of all-trans-retinol, comparative model-building studies were performed in which strong sequence similarities were identified between CRBP and several other binding proteins.	Vitamin A	95-109	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
1999437-4	1991	In order to determine amino acid residues in CRBP which may be important for the binding of all-trans-retinol, comparative model-building studies were performed in which strong sequence similarities were identified between CRBP and several other binding proteins.	Vitamin A	95-109	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	223-227
1909468-8	1991	There is an alternative explanation for low plasma retinol levels in malaria patients because retinol is bound to the negative acute phase proteins, retinol binding protein and transthyretin.	Vitamin A	94-101	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	177-190
1996113-8	1991	Since ADH catalyzes the conversion of retinol to retinal, which can be further converted to retinoic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase, these results suggest that retinoic acid activation of ADH3 constitutes a positive feedback loop regulating retinoic acid synthesis.	Vitamin A	38-45	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	6-9
1996113-8	1991	Since ADH catalyzes the conversion of retinol to retinal, which can be further converted to retinoic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase, these results suggest that retinoic acid activation of ADH3 constitutes a positive feedback loop regulating retinoic acid synthesis.	Vitamin A	38-45	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	188-192
1909468-8	1991	There is an alternative explanation for low plasma retinol levels in malaria patients because retinol is bound to the negative acute phase proteins, retinol binding protein and transthyretin.	Vitamin A	94-101	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	177-190
2001700-1	1991	Two different metabolic alterations in vitamin A status are known to cause changes in the amount of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) in experimental animals; namely vitamin A deficiency, characterized by depleted retinol-liver stores and hypervitaminosis A, characterized by hepatic accumulation of retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	39-48	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	112-135
2001700-1	1991	Two different metabolic alterations in vitamin A status are known to cause changes in the amount of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) in experimental animals; namely vitamin A deficiency, characterized by depleted retinol-liver stores and hypervitaminosis A, characterized by hepatic accumulation of retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	39-48	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
2001700-1	1991	Two different metabolic alterations in vitamin A status are known to cause changes in the amount of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) in experimental animals; namely vitamin A deficiency, characterized by depleted retinol-liver stores and hypervitaminosis A, characterized by hepatic accumulation of retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	39-48	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	155-178
2001700-1	1991	Two different metabolic alterations in vitamin A status are known to cause changes in the amount of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) in experimental animals; namely vitamin A deficiency, characterized by depleted retinol-liver stores and hypervitaminosis A, characterized by hepatic accumulation of retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	39-48	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	180-184
2001700-1	1991	Two different metabolic alterations in vitamin A status are known to cause changes in the amount of circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) in experimental animals; namely vitamin A deficiency, characterized by depleted retinol-liver stores and hypervitaminosis A, characterized by hepatic accumulation of retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	112-119	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
2001700-5	1991	We have found a threefold decrease in the hepatic level of CRBP mRNA in vitamin-A-deficient animals, while the RBP mRNA is not affected by this nutritional deprivation.	Vitamin A	72-81	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
2001700-5	1991	We have found a threefold decrease in the hepatic level of CRBP mRNA in vitamin-A-deficient animals, while the RBP mRNA is not affected by this nutritional deprivation.	Vitamin A	72-81	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
2001700-8	1991	The results are discussed in terms of retinol-dependent stabilization of the mRNA coding for CRBP.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
1995621-5	1991	Retinol complexed to CRBPII is readily transferred to CRBP, whereas retinol complexed to CRBP is not readily transferred to CRBPII.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	21-27
1995621-5	1991	Retinol complexed to CRBPII is readily transferred to CRBP, whereas retinol complexed to CRBP is not readily transferred to CRBPII.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
1995621-5	1991	Retinol complexed to CRBPII is readily transferred to CRBP, whereas retinol complexed to CRBP is not readily transferred to CRBPII.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
1995621-8	1991	Results from competitive binding studies with retinol and retinal indicated that there is a much larger difference between the affinities of CRBP for retinol and retinal than between the affinities of CRBPII for these two ligands.	Vitamin A	46-53	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
1995621-8	1991	Results from competitive binding studies with retinol and retinal indicated that there is a much larger difference between the affinities of CRBP for retinol and retinal than between the affinities of CRBPII for these two ligands.	Vitamin A	46-53	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	201-207
1995621-8	1991	Results from competitive binding studies with retinol and retinal indicated that there is a much larger difference between the affinities of CRBP for retinol and retinal than between the affinities of CRBPII for these two ligands.	Vitamin A	150-157	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
1902207-9	1991	Western blot analysis of matrix proteins derived from control and retinol-treated EC cultures demonstrated a 1.6-fold increase in laminin beta chains and a 2.5-fold increase in fibronectin in the ECM of retinol-treated EC compared to control cell matrix.	Vitamin A	66-73	LanB1	Drosophila melanogaster	130-142
1902207-9	1991	Western blot analysis of matrix proteins derived from control and retinol-treated EC cultures demonstrated a 1.6-fold increase in laminin beta chains and a 2.5-fold increase in fibronectin in the ECM of retinol-treated EC compared to control cell matrix.	Vitamin A	203-210	LanB1	Drosophila melanogaster	130-142
1993581-10	1991	In the plasma, holo-RBP (the retinol-RBP complex) is transported in complex with another plasma protein, transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
1993581-10	1991	In the plasma, holo-RBP (the retinol-RBP complex) is transported in complex with another plasma protein, transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
1993581-10	1991	In the plasma, holo-RBP (the retinol-RBP complex) is transported in complex with another plasma protein, transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	29-36	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	105-118
1993581-10	1991	In the plasma, holo-RBP (the retinol-RBP complex) is transported in complex with another plasma protein, transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	29-36	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
1993581-12	1991	Taken together, these findings support the proposal that ocular RBP and TTR may function cooperatively in the intraocular translocation of retinol.	Vitamin A	139-146	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
1993581-12	1991	Taken together, these findings support the proposal that ocular RBP and TTR may function cooperatively in the intraocular translocation of retinol.	Vitamin A	139-146	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
2010433-4	1991	In the retinal pigment epithelium a novel enzymatic system has been discovered which is capable of converting all-trans-retinol into all-trans retinyl esters, by means of a lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT), followed by the direct processing of the ester into 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	110-127	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	173-206
2010433-4	1991	In the retinal pigment epithelium a novel enzymatic system has been discovered which is capable of converting all-trans-retinol into all-trans retinyl esters, by means of a lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT), followed by the direct processing of the ester into 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	110-127	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	208-212
2010433-4	1991	In the retinal pigment epithelium a novel enzymatic system has been discovered which is capable of converting all-trans-retinol into all-trans retinyl esters, by means of a lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT), followed by the direct processing of the ester into 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	267-281	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	173-206
2010433-4	1991	In the retinal pigment epithelium a novel enzymatic system has been discovered which is capable of converting all-trans-retinol into all-trans retinyl esters, by means of a lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT), followed by the direct processing of the ester into 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	267-281	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	208-212
1987260-1	1991	Interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) is a soluble glycolipoprotein located between the neurosensory retina and pigment epithelium, which may serve to transport vitamin A derivatives between these tissues.	Vitamin A	174-183	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	0-43
1987260-1	1991	Interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) is a soluble glycolipoprotein located between the neurosensory retina and pigment epithelium, which may serve to transport vitamin A derivatives between these tissues.	Vitamin A	174-183	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	45-49
1988047-4	1991	One such process involves the biosynthesis of 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore of rhodopsin, from all-trans-retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	97-114	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	81-90
1988047-4	1991	One such process involves the biosynthesis of 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore of rhodopsin, from all-trans-retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	116-125	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	81-90
1988047-7	1991	First, all-trans-retinol is esterified in the retinal pigment epithelium by lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) to produce an all-trans-retinyl ester.	Vitamin A	7-24	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	76-109
1988047-7	1991	First, all-trans-retinol is esterified in the retinal pigment epithelium by lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) to produce an all-trans-retinyl ester.	Vitamin A	7-24	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	111-115
2069020-1	1991	Pretreatment of rats with large doses of vitamin A (retinol) dramatically increased the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).	Vitamin A	41-50	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
2069020-1	1991	Pretreatment of rats with large doses of vitamin A (retinol) dramatically increased the hepatotoxicity of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4).	Vitamin A	52-59	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
2069020-5	1991	This large dose of vitamin A did not enhance the biotransformation of CCl4, but did produce a 4-fold increase in CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation, as assessed by ethane exhalation.	Vitamin A	19-28	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
2069020-10	1991	In vivo administration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) 2 hr after CCl4 exposure did not influence CCl4 toxicity in control rats but did block the enhanced ethane exhalation and also the potentiation of CCl4 liver injury in vitamin A treated rats.	Vitamin A	221-230	superoxide dismutase 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-54
1824738-5	1991	Plasma renin substrate concentration was negatively correlated with active renin concentration (n = 37, r = -0.45, p = 0.005), and positively related to natremia (r = 0.56, p less than 0.0005), prealbumin (r = 0.54, p less than 0.001), and retinol-binding protein (r = 0.60, p less than 0.0001).	Vitamin A	240-247	renin	Homo sapiens	7-12
1797117-4	1991	The molar ratio of vitamin A:RBP in Indonesian infants was significantly lower than in Japanese infants (p less than 0.02), and this in turn is indicative of increased concentrations of retinol-free RBP in the plasma of Indonesian neonates.	Vitamin A	186-193	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	199-202
2009545-0	1991	Variations in the level of transferrin and SGP-2 mRNAs in Sertoli cells of vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	75-84	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	27-38
2009545-0	1991	Variations in the level of transferrin and SGP-2 mRNAs in Sertoli cells of vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	75-84	clusterin	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
2009545-1	1991	Stage-specific levels and long-term effects of vitamin A deficiency on transferrin and sulfated glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2) mRNAs were analyzed in normal rats and in rats fed a vitamin A-deficient diet for 49 days (49 day VAD) and 77 days (77 day VAD).	Vitamin A	47-56	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	71-82
2009545-1	1991	Stage-specific levels and long-term effects of vitamin A deficiency on transferrin and sulfated glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2) mRNAs were analyzed in normal rats and in rats fed a vitamin A-deficient diet for 49 days (49 day VAD) and 77 days (77 day VAD).	Vitamin A	47-56	clusterin	Rattus norvegicus	87-110
2009545-1	1991	Stage-specific levels and long-term effects of vitamin A deficiency on transferrin and sulfated glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2) mRNAs were analyzed in normal rats and in rats fed a vitamin A-deficient diet for 49 days (49 day VAD) and 77 days (77 day VAD).	Vitamin A	47-56	clusterin	Rattus norvegicus	112-117
1849812-3	1991	In situ hybridization with 35S-labelled RNA probes was used to study the distribution of transcripts of genes coding for the retinoic acid receptors, RAR-alpha, -beta and -gamma, and the cellular binding proteins for retinoic acid (CRABP I) and retinol (CRBP I), in mouse embryos during the period of early morphogenesis.	Vitamin A	245-252	cellular retinoic acid binding protein I	Mus musculus	232-239
1702702-1	1991	Retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, is an important mediator of cellular differentiation and has been shown to stimulate human CG (hCG) secretion by JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells in vitro.	Vitamin A	44-53	glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	146-148
1702702-1	1991	Retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, is an important mediator of cellular differentiation and has been shown to stimulate human CG (hCG) secretion by JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells in vitro.	Vitamin A	44-53	glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	150-153
1991596-0	1991	Effect of retinoic acid and apo-RBP on serum retinol concentration in acute renal failure.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
1991596-2	1991	We examine the effect of retinoic acid and apo-retinol binding protein (apo-RBP) on the up-regulation of serum retinol in renal failure.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
1991596-7	1991	In rats with renal failure the serum retinol concentration, elevated 44-52% above that of sham-operated controls, was also increased to 70-164% above controls by the injection of 52-63 micrograms of apo-RBP.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	203-206
1991596-8	1991	This suggests that circulatory apo-RBP can up-regulate serum retinol.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
1991596-9	1991	Circulatory apo-RBP may be a positive physiological feedback signal from peripheral tissues for hepatic release of retinol.	Vitamin A	115-122	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
2025238-2	1991	We report a new retinoid-binding protein (Ret BP) with a molecular size of 4,000 that binds retinol, retinoic acid, and some of their derivatives.	Vitamin A	92-99	ret proto-oncogene	Gallus gallus	42-45
1794946-0	1991	Retinol deficient diet decreases binding activity of testicular fatty acid-binding protein.	Vitamin A	0-7	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	64-90
1794946-1	1991	Fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) activity was determined in livers and testes of retinol sufficient, retinol deficient, and also in a group of retinol deficient rats, which were refed 100 micrograms of retinyl acetate for four hours.	Vitamin A	82-89	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-26
1794946-1	1991	Fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) activity was determined in livers and testes of retinol sufficient, retinol deficient, and also in a group of retinol deficient rats, which were refed 100 micrograms of retinyl acetate for four hours.	Vitamin A	82-89	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
1794946-1	1991	Fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) activity was determined in livers and testes of retinol sufficient, retinol deficient, and also in a group of retinol deficient rats, which were refed 100 micrograms of retinyl acetate for four hours.	Vitamin A	102-109	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-26
1794946-1	1991	Fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) activity was determined in livers and testes of retinol sufficient, retinol deficient, and also in a group of retinol deficient rats, which were refed 100 micrograms of retinyl acetate for four hours.	Vitamin A	102-109	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
1794946-1	1991	Fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) activity was determined in livers and testes of retinol sufficient, retinol deficient, and also in a group of retinol deficient rats, which were refed 100 micrograms of retinyl acetate for four hours.	Vitamin A	102-109	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-26
1794946-1	1991	Fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) activity was determined in livers and testes of retinol sufficient, retinol deficient, and also in a group of retinol deficient rats, which were refed 100 micrograms of retinyl acetate for four hours.	Vitamin A	102-109	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
1794946-3	1991	In retinol sufficient and retinol deficient groups, liver FABP bound 431 and 446 pmol [14C]palmitoyl CoA/mg cytosolic protein respectively.	Vitamin A	3-10	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
1794946-3	1991	In retinol sufficient and retinol deficient groups, liver FABP bound 431 and 446 pmol [14C]palmitoyl CoA/mg cytosolic protein respectively.	Vitamin A	26-33	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
1794946-4	1991	In contrast, testicular FABP bound 254 and 139 pmol [14C]palmitoyl CoA/mg cytosolic protein in retinol sufficient and deficient groups.	Vitamin A	95-102	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
1794946-6	1991	Liver and testicular FABP"s remained unchanged after four hour refeeding of retinol to retinol deficient rats.	Vitamin A	76-83	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
1794947-4	1991	Vitamin A levels in serum correlated with those of RBP, prealbumin and zinc.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-54
2010682-9	1991	The secretion of apolipoprotein E by lipocytes is not only an additional smooth muscle cell-like characteristic of the hepatic lipocyte, but also raises the possibility of retinol mobilization upon apolipoprotein secretion.	Vitamin A	172-179	apolipoprotein E	Rattus norvegicus	17-33
2010682-9	1991	The secretion of apolipoprotein E by lipocytes is not only an additional smooth muscle cell-like characteristic of the hepatic lipocyte, but also raises the possibility of retinol mobilization upon apolipoprotein secretion.	Vitamin A	172-179	apolipoprotein E	Rattus norvegicus	17-31
1943451-12	1991	In a separate experiment, adult female mice treated with varying doses of vitamin A (five daily doses of 0.0001, 0.0005, or 0.001 mg/kg body weight) showed a dose-dependent reduction of serum IgG1 and hematocrits, but no change in serum IgM levels or leukocyte counts.	Vitamin A	74-83	LOC105243590	Mus musculus	192-196
1943451-12	1991	In a separate experiment, adult female mice treated with varying doses of vitamin A (five daily doses of 0.0001, 0.0005, or 0.001 mg/kg body weight) showed a dose-dependent reduction of serum IgG1 and hematocrits, but no change in serum IgM levels or leukocyte counts.	Vitamin A	74-83	immunoglobulin heavy constant mu	Mus musculus	237-240
1986260-7	1991	In vitamin A deficiency, the increased BaP metabolism and mutagenicity could be related to a decrease in cytosolic contents of scavengers (vitamin A and glutathione).	Vitamin A	3-12	prohibitin 2	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
2051953-6	1991	Proliferation studies revealed that within the first 72 hr of retinol treatment, basal EC growth was inhibited by 33% and the cells exhibited a lowered responsiveness to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF).	Vitamin A	62-69	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	170-200
2051953-6	1991	Proliferation studies revealed that within the first 72 hr of retinol treatment, basal EC growth was inhibited by 33% and the cells exhibited a lowered responsiveness to basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF).	Vitamin A	62-69	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	202-206
2051953-11	1991	After a 3-day pretreatment with retinol, with or without continued retinol treatment, EC were refractile to the mitogenic action of bFGF in a subsequent 3-day period.	Vitamin A	32-39	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	132-136
2051953-11	1991	After a 3-day pretreatment with retinol, with or without continued retinol treatment, EC were refractile to the mitogenic action of bFGF in a subsequent 3-day period.	Vitamin A	67-74	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	132-136
2003123-3	1991	Its extracellular localization and the increased amount of bound all-trans retinol following illumination are consistent with the proposed function of IRBP in extracellular transport or buffering of retinol and retinal isomers in the IPM.	Vitamin A	75-82	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	151-155
2003123-3	1991	Its extracellular localization and the increased amount of bound all-trans retinol following illumination are consistent with the proposed function of IRBP in extracellular transport or buffering of retinol and retinal isomers in the IPM.	Vitamin A	199-206	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	151-155
1768424-0	1991	Binding of synthetic analogues of retinol and retinoic acid (CD-270 derivatives) to retinoid-binding proteins.	Vitamin A	34-41	TNF receptor superfamily member 14	Homo sapiens	61-67
1768424-2	1991	Tritiated analogues of retinol (ROL) and retinoic acid corresponding to substituted benzo[b]thiophene (CD-270) alcohol and carboxylic acid, respectively, were used for the binding studies of the cellular retinoic acid-(CRABP-) and retinol-(CRBP-) binding proteins in human epidermal cells and serum retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	23-30	TNF receptor superfamily member 14	Homo sapiens	103-109
1768424-2	1991	Tritiated analogues of retinol (ROL) and retinoic acid corresponding to substituted benzo[b]thiophene (CD-270) alcohol and carboxylic acid, respectively, were used for the binding studies of the cellular retinoic acid-(CRABP-) and retinol-(CRBP-) binding proteins in human epidermal cells and serum retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	23-30	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	219-224
1768424-2	1991	Tritiated analogues of retinol (ROL) and retinoic acid corresponding to substituted benzo[b]thiophene (CD-270) alcohol and carboxylic acid, respectively, were used for the binding studies of the cellular retinoic acid-(CRABP-) and retinol-(CRBP-) binding proteins in human epidermal cells and serum retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	240-244
1768424-2	1991	Tritiated analogues of retinol (ROL) and retinoic acid corresponding to substituted benzo[b]thiophene (CD-270) alcohol and carboxylic acid, respectively, were used for the binding studies of the cellular retinoic acid-(CRABP-) and retinol-(CRBP-) binding proteins in human epidermal cells and serum retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	241-244
1768424-2	1991	Tritiated analogues of retinol (ROL) and retinoic acid corresponding to substituted benzo[b]thiophene (CD-270) alcohol and carboxylic acid, respectively, were used for the binding studies of the cellular retinoic acid-(CRABP-) and retinol-(CRBP-) binding proteins in human epidermal cells and serum retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	32-35	TNF receptor superfamily member 14	Homo sapiens	103-109
1891805-3	1991	The progressive increase of bleached rhodopsin results in a parallel increase of all-trans-retinol in retina and of both all-trans- and 11-cis-retinyl esters in pigment epithelium.	Vitamin A	84-98	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	37-46
1768424-10	1991	Since CD-270(OH) binds to the CRBP this may lead to the development of new synthetic analogues of ROL which could be used as tools for the study of the role of CRBP in the transport and metabolism of ROL.	Vitamin A	98-101	TNF receptor superfamily member 14	Homo sapiens	6-12
1768424-10	1991	Since CD-270(OH) binds to the CRBP this may lead to the development of new synthetic analogues of ROL which could be used as tools for the study of the role of CRBP in the transport and metabolism of ROL.	Vitamin A	98-101	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
1768424-10	1991	Since CD-270(OH) binds to the CRBP this may lead to the development of new synthetic analogues of ROL which could be used as tools for the study of the role of CRBP in the transport and metabolism of ROL.	Vitamin A	200-203	TNF receptor superfamily member 14	Homo sapiens	6-12
1768424-10	1991	Since CD-270(OH) binds to the CRBP this may lead to the development of new synthetic analogues of ROL which could be used as tools for the study of the role of CRBP in the transport and metabolism of ROL.	Vitamin A	200-203	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	160-164
1891805-6	1991	When a considerable portion of rhodopsin is bleached (about 70%), substantial amounts of all-trans-retinol, along with minor amounts of 11-cis-retinol, accumulate in RPE subcellular organelles.	Vitamin A	89-106	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	31-40
1891805-6	1991	When a considerable portion of rhodopsin is bleached (about 70%), substantial amounts of all-trans-retinol, along with minor amounts of 11-cis-retinol, accumulate in RPE subcellular organelles.	Vitamin A	89-106	ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase	Bos taurus	166-169
1891805-6	1991	When a considerable portion of rhodopsin is bleached (about 70%), substantial amounts of all-trans-retinol, along with minor amounts of 11-cis-retinol, accumulate in RPE subcellular organelles.	Vitamin A	136-150	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	31-40
2271700-2	1990	Caco-2 cells contained cellular retinol-binding protein II, a protein which is abundant in human villus-associated enterocytes and may play an important role in the absorption of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	179-188	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	23-58
2271700-3	1990	Microsomal preparations from Caco-2 cells contained retinal reductase, acyl-CoA-retinol acyltransferase (ARAT), and lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) activities, which have previously been proposed to be involved in the metabolism of dietary vitamin A in the enterocyte.	Vitamin A	248-257	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	116-148
1966045-3	1990	We report here the gene expression patterns, as revealed by in situ hybridisation, of the retinoic acid receptors alpha, beta and gamma (RAR-alpha, -beta and -gamma), and the cellular binding proteins for retinol and retinoic acid (CRBP, CRABP) in non-neural tissues of mouse embryos during the period of organogenesis.	Vitamin A	205-212	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	232-236
1966045-10	1990	Correlation of these expression patterns with the morphogenetic effects of vitamin A deficiency and retinoid excess lead us to propose that the function of CRBP is to store and release retinol where high levels of RA are required for specific morphogenetic processes, while CRABP serves to sequester RA in regions where normal developmental functions require RA levels to be low.	Vitamin A	185-192	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	156-160
1966045-11	1990	Where both binding protein genes are expressed in a non-overlapping pattern within a large area of mesenchyme, a gradient of free RA may be created between them by release of retinol-derived RA from CRBP-expressing cells, with binding to CRABP enhancing the steepness of the decline in concentration distant to the source.	Vitamin A	175-182	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	199-203
2249622-7	1990	These results suggested that bovine placental membranes secrete RBP into allantoic fluid and that placental RBP may play important roles in vitamin A metabolism in the developing embryo.	Vitamin A	140-149	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	108-111
2265683-1	1990	Upon absorption of a photon, the 11-cis retinaldehyde chromophore of rhodopsin is isomerized and reduced to all-trans retinol (vitamin A) in the photoreceptor outer segments, whereupon it leaves the photoreceptors, and moves to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).	Vitamin A	118-125	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	69-78
2265683-1	1990	Upon absorption of a photon, the 11-cis retinaldehyde chromophore of rhodopsin is isomerized and reduced to all-trans retinol (vitamin A) in the photoreceptor outer segments, whereupon it leaves the photoreceptors, and moves to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).	Vitamin A	127-136	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	69-78
2265683-3	1990	During delivery the retinol was associated with its putative natural carrier, interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP).	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	78-121
2265683-3	1990	During delivery the retinol was associated with its putative natural carrier, interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP).	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	123-127
2265683-8	1990	They show that IRBP can serve as a carrier of retinol through an aqueous medium to the RPE, and they illustrate that the visual cycle can be studied in vitro.	Vitamin A	46-53	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	15-19
2279702-1	1990	HNF-4 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4) is a protein enriched in liver extracts that binds to sites required for the transcription of the genes for transthyretin (TTR), the carrier protein in the serum for vitamin A and thyroid hormone, and for apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII), a major constituent of chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL).	Vitamin A	202-211	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	0-5
2279702-1	1990	HNF-4 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4) is a protein enriched in liver extracts that binds to sites required for the transcription of the genes for transthyretin (TTR), the carrier protein in the serum for vitamin A and thyroid hormone, and for apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII), a major constituent of chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL).	Vitamin A	202-211	hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha	Homo sapiens	7-34
2279702-1	1990	HNF-4 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4) is a protein enriched in liver extracts that binds to sites required for the transcription of the genes for transthyretin (TTR), the carrier protein in the serum for vitamin A and thyroid hormone, and for apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII), a major constituent of chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL).	Vitamin A	202-211	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	144-157
2279702-1	1990	HNF-4 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4) is a protein enriched in liver extracts that binds to sites required for the transcription of the genes for transthyretin (TTR), the carrier protein in the serum for vitamin A and thyroid hormone, and for apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII), a major constituent of chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL).	Vitamin A	202-211	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	159-162
1703544-2	1990	While IRBP appears to be involved in vitamin A transport during the visual cycle in the adult, the role of this protein during eye development has not been determined.	Vitamin A	37-46	retinol binding protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	6-10
2249687-4	1990	The attachment site is not the beta-barrel nor the hydrophobic site identified as the retinol site in beta-lactoglobulin but a domain located at the interface of the two monomeric units where the ligand lies close to Trp61 of both polypeptide chains.	Vitamin A	86-93	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	102-120
2253789-1	1990	It is now well documented that lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) is the physiologically important enzyme activity involved in the esterification of retinol in the liver.	Vitamin A	40-47	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
2177839-8	1990	The most striking finding was that the treatment of vitamin A-deficient rats with retinol led to a rapid increase in the retinoic acid receptor-alpha mRNA levels.	Vitamin A	52-61	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	121-149
2230595-1	1990	The effect of retinoic acid (RA) and retinol (ROH) on the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by human peripheral blood monocytes (HPBM) was determined.	Vitamin A	37-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	69-90
2230595-1	1990	The effect of retinoic acid (RA) and retinol (ROH) on the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by human peripheral blood monocytes (HPBM) was determined.	Vitamin A	37-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	92-95
2177839-8	1990	The most striking finding was that the treatment of vitamin A-deficient rats with retinol led to a rapid increase in the retinoic acid receptor-alpha mRNA levels.	Vitamin A	82-89	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	121-149
2177839-10	1990	In contrast, the regulation of retinoic acid receptor-beta mRNA was different from the alpha mRNAs, in that its level remained unchanged for 48 h after the injection of retinol.	Vitamin A	169-176	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Rattus norvegicus	31-58
2123403-2	1990	The activity of retinyl ester hydrolase (REH), the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the storage form of vitamin A (retinyl esters) into free retinol, may therefore be altered by TCB.	Vitamin A	112-121	carboxylesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus	16-39
2123403-2	1990	The activity of retinyl ester hydrolase (REH), the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the storage form of vitamin A (retinyl esters) into free retinol, may therefore be altered by TCB.	Vitamin A	112-121	carboxylesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
2123403-2	1990	The activity of retinyl ester hydrolase (REH), the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the storage form of vitamin A (retinyl esters) into free retinol, may therefore be altered by TCB.	Vitamin A	149-156	carboxylesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus	16-39
2123403-2	1990	The activity of retinyl ester hydrolase (REH), the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of the storage form of vitamin A (retinyl esters) into free retinol, may therefore be altered by TCB.	Vitamin A	149-156	carboxylesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
2271609-2	1990	The first involves the esterification of all-trans-retinol by lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	41-58	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	62-94
2373054-11	1990	In vitamin A deficient animals, a marked increase in testicular IGF-I concentrations was observed as compared to age-matched controls.	Vitamin A	3-12	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
2271609-2	1990	The first involves the esterification of all-trans-retinol by lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT).	Vitamin A	41-58	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	96-100
2271609-10	1990	LRAT proved to be broadly specific for retinols but was relatively inert with other hydrophobic alcohols including cholesterol.	Vitamin A	39-47	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-4
2246617-7	1990	The distribution of RBP-positive areas within parenchymal cells changed markedly with retinol depletion.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
2246617-8	1990	Thus, a heavy accumulation of RBP in the ER, accompanied by a marked decrease of the RBP-positive GC and secretory vesicles, was demonstrated in liver parenchymal cells from retinol-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	174-181	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
2246617-9	1990	After repletion of deficient rats with retinol, the RBP that accumulated in the ER appeared to move rapidly from the ER through GC and secretory vesicles to the cell surface.	Vitamin A	39-46	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
2246617-10	1990	Pretreatment with colchicine led to marked increase in RBP-positive secretory vesicles in retinol-repleted rat liver parenchymal cells.	Vitamin A	90-97	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
2373054-13	1990	No stage dependent changes in testicular IGF-I were observed but the data provided suggest the retinol may be one of the factors involved in the regulation of testicular IGF-I.	Vitamin A	95-102	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	170-175
2102908-0	1990	Correlation of serum vitamin A and its transport protein (RBP) in malnourished and vitamin A deficient children.	Vitamin A	21-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	58-61
2280188-1	1990	Vitamin A is mobilized from the liver and transported in plasma as retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	84-107
2280188-1	1990	Vitamin A is mobilized from the liver and transported in plasma as retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
2280188-1	1990	Vitamin A is mobilized from the liver and transported in plasma as retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	84-107
2280188-1	1990	Vitamin A is mobilized from the liver and transported in plasma as retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
2102908-4	1990	Serum levels of retinol and RBP were risen significantly almost double, after the oral and parenteral administration of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	120-129	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	28-31
2102908-5	1990	PEM interferes with hepatic synthesis of RBP and the release of RBP from the liver depends on vitamin A.	Vitamin A	94-103	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	64-67
2102908-6	1990	Vitamin A is a limiting factor, the presence of which is required for the release of apo-RBP from the liver.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	89-92
2364089-4	1990	The livers of normal and vitamin A-depleted rats subjected to the inflammatory treatments showed a normal RBP content (retinol-binding protein) and hepatic release of holo-RBP into the serum was not impaired functionally.	Vitamin A	25-34	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
2364089-4	1990	The livers of normal and vitamin A-depleted rats subjected to the inflammatory treatments showed a normal RBP content (retinol-binding protein) and hepatic release of holo-RBP into the serum was not impaired functionally.	Vitamin A	25-34	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
2364089-6	1990	In bovine serum albumin (BSA)-sensitized rats produced by direct intubation of BSA into the lungs, the level of vitamin A in the lung decreased prior to that in the liver or serum, supporting the hypothesis that the decrease in vitamin A in the inflamed lungs of these rats may be due mainly to the consumption of vitamin A in the lung in response to inflammation.	Vitamin A	112-121	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	10-23
2356863-5	1990	The authors have reported that the CP is the unique site of synthesis within the brain of transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin), a transport protein for thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	161-168	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	90-103
2356863-5	1990	The authors have reported that the CP is the unique site of synthesis within the brain of transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin), a transport protein for thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	161-168	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	105-108
2163611-8	1990	Using PAGE/radiobinding assay, we demonstrated that retinoic acid formed from retinol was bound in differentiating keratinocytes to endogenous cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP).	Vitamin A	78-85	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	143-181
2163611-8	1990	Using PAGE/radiobinding assay, we demonstrated that retinoic acid formed from retinol was bound in differentiating keratinocytes to endogenous cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP).	Vitamin A	78-85	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	183-188
2257121-1	1990	Vitamin A (vit.	Vitamin A	0-9	vitrin	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
2102908-0	1990	Correlation of serum vitamin A and its transport protein (RBP) in malnourished and vitamin A deficient children.	Vitamin A	83-92	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	58-61
2253597-0	1990	Regulatory effects of epidermal growth factor and retinol on the glucocorticoid receptor level in cultured chick embryonic skin.	Vitamin A	50-57	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Gallus gallus	65-88
2161216-0	1990	Osteopetrotic (grey-lethal) bone produces collagenase and TIMP in organ culture: regulation by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	95-104	tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1	Mus musculus	58-62
2335274-2	1990	Within 1-2 h of acute renal failure, the serum retinol level increased by 11-73% and was maintained for at least 4 h. More than 90% of the increase in serum retinol was associated with retinol in the retinol binding protein-transthyretin (RBP-TTR) complex.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	239-242
2159384-1	1990	We present evidence that the vitamin D response element in the human osteocalcin gene confers responsiveness to the vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	116-125	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein	Homo sapiens	69-80
2373967-7	1990	ApoD has been shown to possess extensive homology to retinol binding protein, which has a binding pocket for vitamin A.	Vitamin A	53-60	apolipoprotein D	Macaca mulatta	0-4
2373967-7	1990	ApoD has been shown to possess extensive homology to retinol binding protein, which has a binding pocket for vitamin A.	Vitamin A	109-118	apolipoprotein D	Macaca mulatta	0-4
2335274-2	1990	Within 1-2 h of acute renal failure, the serum retinol level increased by 11-73% and was maintained for at least 4 h. More than 90% of the increase in serum retinol was associated with retinol in the retinol binding protein-transthyretin (RBP-TTR) complex.	Vitamin A	47-54	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	243-246
2335274-2	1990	Within 1-2 h of acute renal failure, the serum retinol level increased by 11-73% and was maintained for at least 4 h. More than 90% of the increase in serum retinol was associated with retinol in the retinol binding protein-transthyretin (RBP-TTR) complex.	Vitamin A	157-164	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	239-242
2335274-2	1990	Within 1-2 h of acute renal failure, the serum retinol level increased by 11-73% and was maintained for at least 4 h. More than 90% of the increase in serum retinol was associated with retinol in the retinol binding protein-transthyretin (RBP-TTR) complex.	Vitamin A	157-164	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	243-246
2335274-2	1990	Within 1-2 h of acute renal failure, the serum retinol level increased by 11-73% and was maintained for at least 4 h. More than 90% of the increase in serum retinol was associated with retinol in the retinol binding protein-transthyretin (RBP-TTR) complex.	Vitamin A	157-164	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	239-242
2335274-2	1990	Within 1-2 h of acute renal failure, the serum retinol level increased by 11-73% and was maintained for at least 4 h. More than 90% of the increase in serum retinol was associated with retinol in the retinol binding protein-transthyretin (RBP-TTR) complex.	Vitamin A	157-164	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	243-246
2335274-2	1990	Within 1-2 h of acute renal failure, the serum retinol level increased by 11-73% and was maintained for at least 4 h. More than 90% of the increase in serum retinol was associated with retinol in the retinol binding protein-transthyretin (RBP-TTR) complex.	Vitamin A	157-164	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	239-242
2335274-2	1990	Within 1-2 h of acute renal failure, the serum retinol level increased by 11-73% and was maintained for at least 4 h. More than 90% of the increase in serum retinol was associated with retinol in the retinol binding protein-transthyretin (RBP-TTR) complex.	Vitamin A	157-164	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	243-246
2335274-4	1990	Oral administration of 3H-labeled retinol 3 h before surgery resulted in 350% more tritium in the serum retinol-RBP-TTR complex of rats with acute renal failure as compared to sham-operated rats; this increase represented the fraction of retinol in RBP-TTR contributed by hepatic retinol from newly absorbed 3H-labeled retinol.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
2335274-4	1990	Oral administration of 3H-labeled retinol 3 h before surgery resulted in 350% more tritium in the serum retinol-RBP-TTR complex of rats with acute renal failure as compared to sham-operated rats; this increase represented the fraction of retinol in RBP-TTR contributed by hepatic retinol from newly absorbed 3H-labeled retinol.	Vitamin A	34-41	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
2335274-4	1990	Oral administration of 3H-labeled retinol 3 h before surgery resulted in 350% more tritium in the serum retinol-RBP-TTR complex of rats with acute renal failure as compared to sham-operated rats; this increase represented the fraction of retinol in RBP-TTR contributed by hepatic retinol from newly absorbed 3H-labeled retinol.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	249-252
2335274-4	1990	Oral administration of 3H-labeled retinol 3 h before surgery resulted in 350% more tritium in the serum retinol-RBP-TTR complex of rats with acute renal failure as compared to sham-operated rats; this increase represented the fraction of retinol in RBP-TTR contributed by hepatic retinol from newly absorbed 3H-labeled retinol.	Vitamin A	34-41	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	253-256
2335274-4	1990	Oral administration of 3H-labeled retinol 3 h before surgery resulted in 350% more tritium in the serum retinol-RBP-TTR complex of rats with acute renal failure as compared to sham-operated rats; this increase represented the fraction of retinol in RBP-TTR contributed by hepatic retinol from newly absorbed 3H-labeled retinol.	Vitamin A	104-111	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
2335274-4	1990	Oral administration of 3H-labeled retinol 3 h before surgery resulted in 350% more tritium in the serum retinol-RBP-TTR complex of rats with acute renal failure as compared to sham-operated rats; this increase represented the fraction of retinol in RBP-TTR contributed by hepatic retinol from newly absorbed 3H-labeled retinol.	Vitamin A	104-111	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
2335274-4	1990	Oral administration of 3H-labeled retinol 3 h before surgery resulted in 350% more tritium in the serum retinol-RBP-TTR complex of rats with acute renal failure as compared to sham-operated rats; this increase represented the fraction of retinol in RBP-TTR contributed by hepatic retinol from newly absorbed 3H-labeled retinol.	Vitamin A	104-111	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
2335274-4	1990	Oral administration of 3H-labeled retinol 3 h before surgery resulted in 350% more tritium in the serum retinol-RBP-TTR complex of rats with acute renal failure as compared to sham-operated rats; this increase represented the fraction of retinol in RBP-TTR contributed by hepatic retinol from newly absorbed 3H-labeled retinol.	Vitamin A	104-111	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
2335274-4	1990	Oral administration of 3H-labeled retinol 3 h before surgery resulted in 350% more tritium in the serum retinol-RBP-TTR complex of rats with acute renal failure as compared to sham-operated rats; this increase represented the fraction of retinol in RBP-TTR contributed by hepatic retinol from newly absorbed 3H-labeled retinol.	Vitamin A	104-111	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
2335274-4	1990	Oral administration of 3H-labeled retinol 3 h before surgery resulted in 350% more tritium in the serum retinol-RBP-TTR complex of rats with acute renal failure as compared to sham-operated rats; this increase represented the fraction of retinol in RBP-TTR contributed by hepatic retinol from newly absorbed 3H-labeled retinol.	Vitamin A	104-111	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
2335274-4	1990	Oral administration of 3H-labeled retinol 3 h before surgery resulted in 350% more tritium in the serum retinol-RBP-TTR complex of rats with acute renal failure as compared to sham-operated rats; this increase represented the fraction of retinol in RBP-TTR contributed by hepatic retinol from newly absorbed 3H-labeled retinol.	Vitamin A	104-111	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
2335274-4	1990	Oral administration of 3H-labeled retinol 3 h before surgery resulted in 350% more tritium in the serum retinol-RBP-TTR complex of rats with acute renal failure as compared to sham-operated rats; this increase represented the fraction of retinol in RBP-TTR contributed by hepatic retinol from newly absorbed 3H-labeled retinol.	Vitamin A	104-111	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
2335274-5	1990	Total retinol in the retinol-RBP-TTR complex was increased by only 60%.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	29-32
2335274-5	1990	Total retinol in the retinol-RBP-TTR complex was increased by only 60%.	Vitamin A	6-13	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
2335274-6	1990	We conclude that short-term acute renal failure causes rapid upregulation of serum retinol-RBP-TTR; the extent of the increase depends on the magnitude of hepatic vitamin A stores, particularly the retinol pools.	Vitamin A	83-90	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
2335274-6	1990	We conclude that short-term acute renal failure causes rapid upregulation of serum retinol-RBP-TTR; the extent of the increase depends on the magnitude of hepatic vitamin A stores, particularly the retinol pools.	Vitamin A	83-90	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
2335274-6	1990	We conclude that short-term acute renal failure causes rapid upregulation of serum retinol-RBP-TTR; the extent of the increase depends on the magnitude of hepatic vitamin A stores, particularly the retinol pools.	Vitamin A	163-172	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
2335274-6	1990	We conclude that short-term acute renal failure causes rapid upregulation of serum retinol-RBP-TTR; the extent of the increase depends on the magnitude of hepatic vitamin A stores, particularly the retinol pools.	Vitamin A	163-172	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
2335274-7	1990	We hypothesize that kidney modulates the regulation of hepatic release of retinol-RBP from the pool of newly acquired retinol.	Vitamin A	74-81	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
2335274-7	1990	We hypothesize that kidney modulates the regulation of hepatic release of retinol-RBP from the pool of newly acquired retinol.	Vitamin A	118-125	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
2380630-1	1990	A study was conducted to determine the levels of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) mRNA and protein in various tissues of the rat, to explore relationship between CRBP mRNA and protein levels in different tissues, and to examine the effects of changes in retinol nutritional status on the tissue distribution and levels of CRBP mRNA.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
2380630-9	1990	After oral repletion with retinol (4-18 h earlier), CRBP mRNA levels for these latter four tissues were found to have risen to control or near-control levels.	Vitamin A	26-33	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
2380630-10	1990	The suggestion is raised that retinol repletion may have directly induced the expression of the CRBP gene in these particular tissues.	Vitamin A	30-37	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
2354158-1	1990	The kinetic parameters of the interaction of retinol with retinol binding protein (RBP) were studied.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	58-81
2354158-1	1990	The kinetic parameters of the interaction of retinol with retinol binding protein (RBP) were studied.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	83-86
2354158-2	1990	The rate constant for association of retinol with the protein (ka) was found to be 1.5 X 10(6) M-1 min-1.	Vitamin A	37-44	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	99-104
2354158-3	1990	The rate constant for dissociation (kd) from the protein was determined by studying the transfer of retinol from RBP to lipid bilayers.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	113-116
2354158-8	1990	The equilibrium dissociation constant of RBP and retinol can be calculated from the expression Kd = kd/ka.	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	41-44
2354158-9	1990	The calculated value was 7.5 X 10(-8) M. Kd was also measured directly by fluorometric titration and was found to be 7 X 10(-8) M. The relative avidities of retinol for RBP, the complex RBP-transthyretin (RBP-TTR), and serum albumin were also studied.	Vitamin A	157-164	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	169-172
2354158-9	1990	The calculated value was 7.5 X 10(-8) M. Kd was also measured directly by fluorometric titration and was found to be 7 X 10(-8) M. The relative avidities of retinol for RBP, the complex RBP-transthyretin (RBP-TTR), and serum albumin were also studied.	Vitamin A	157-164	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	186-189
2354158-9	1990	The calculated value was 7.5 X 10(-8) M. Kd was also measured directly by fluorometric titration and was found to be 7 X 10(-8) M. The relative avidities of retinol for RBP, the complex RBP-transthyretin (RBP-TTR), and serum albumin were also studied.	Vitamin A	157-164	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	186-189
2354158-9	1990	The calculated value was 7.5 X 10(-8) M. Kd was also measured directly by fluorometric titration and was found to be 7 X 10(-8) M. The relative avidities of retinol for RBP, the complex RBP-transthyretin (RBP-TTR), and serum albumin were also studied.	Vitamin A	157-164	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	209-212
2354158-10	1990	It was found that binding of RBP to TTR increased its avidity for retinol by about 2-fold.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	29-32
2354158-10	1990	It was found that binding of RBP to TTR increased its avidity for retinol by about 2-fold.	Vitamin A	66-73	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	36-39
2354160-3	1990	The temperature-dependence profiles of the binding of retinol to bovine retinol binding protein, bovine serum albumin, unilamellar vesicles of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, and plasma membranes from rat liver were determined.	Vitamin A	54-61	albumin	Bos taurus	104-117
2321569-1	1990	Regulation of retinol-binding protein (RBP) by vitamin A status was studied in 43 children; 25 had biliary atresia and vitamin A deficiency, 15 had biliary atresia treated by vitamin A, and 9 control children had normal liver and vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	47-56	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-42
2321569-4	1990	Plasma RBP concentrations and the ratio of retinol to RBP were lower for vitamin A-deficient than for vitamin A-treated children.	Vitamin A	73-82	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	7-10
2321569-4	1990	Plasma RBP concentrations and the ratio of retinol to RBP were lower for vitamin A-deficient than for vitamin A-treated children.	Vitamin A	73-82	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	54-57
2321569-4	1990	Plasma RBP concentrations and the ratio of retinol to RBP were lower for vitamin A-deficient than for vitamin A-treated children.	Vitamin A	102-111	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	7-10
2321569-4	1990	Plasma RBP concentrations and the ratio of retinol to RBP were lower for vitamin A-deficient than for vitamin A-treated children.	Vitamin A	102-111	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	54-57
2108233-0	1990	Plasma retinol-binding protein response to vitamin A administration in infants susceptible to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.	Vitamin A	43-52	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-30
2347474-7	1990	These results suggest that taste acuity is affected by the plasma retinol transport system, including serum levels of holo-RBP, from which retinol is delivered, presumably through a receptor-mediated manner, to the taste buds.	Vitamin A	139-146	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	123-126
2108233-1	1990	We hypothesized that changes in plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentration in response to vitamin A administration might be useful for evaluating vitamin A status of very low birth weight infants susceptible to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.	Vitamin A	98-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-62
2108233-1	1990	We hypothesized that changes in plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentration in response to vitamin A administration might be useful for evaluating vitamin A status of very low birth weight infants susceptible to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.	Vitamin A	98-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	64-67
2108233-1	1990	We hypothesized that changes in plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentration in response to vitamin A administration might be useful for evaluating vitamin A status of very low birth weight infants susceptible to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.	Vitamin A	154-163	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-62
2108233-1	1990	We hypothesized that changes in plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentration in response to vitamin A administration might be useful for evaluating vitamin A status of very low birth weight infants susceptible to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.	Vitamin A	154-163	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	64-67
2108233-5	1990	Supplemental vitamin A improved vitamin A status of all infants as shown by low delta-RBP (mean +/- SD: 8 +/- 9%) and normal plasma vitamin A and RBP values on day 28.	Vitamin A	13-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	80-89
2108233-5	1990	Supplemental vitamin A improved vitamin A status of all infants as shown by low delta-RBP (mean +/- SD: 8 +/- 9%) and normal plasma vitamin A and RBP values on day 28.	Vitamin A	13-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	86-89
2108233-8	1990	We conclude that the plasma RBP response to vitamin A is a useful indicator of vitamin A status in very low birth weight infants.	Vitamin A	44-53	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	28-31
2108233-8	1990	We conclude that the plasma RBP response to vitamin A is a useful indicator of vitamin A status in very low birth weight infants.	Vitamin A	79-88	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	28-31
2108233-10	1990	We suggest that the plasma RBP response to vitamin A may be a useful functional test in such infants.	Vitamin A	43-52	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-30
2107605-2	1990	The microsomal vitamin A level was markedly lowered 3 days after treatment with (3,4)2Cl, a coplanar type inducer of cytochrome P-450.	Vitamin A	15-24	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-133
2107605-7	1990	However, the vitamin A level was inversely related to the activities of drug metabolizing enzymes induced by coplanar compounds (cytochrome P-450 towards benzo[a]pyrene and UDP glucuronosyl transferase towards 4-nitrophenol).	Vitamin A	13-22	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-145
1690688-1	1990	Transthyretin (TTR), or prealbumin, is a 55-kD tetrameric protein which plays an important role in the plasma transport of thyroxine, and through its interaction with retinol-binding protein, of retinol.	Vitamin A	167-174	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
1690688-1	1990	Transthyretin (TTR), or prealbumin, is a 55-kD tetrameric protein which plays an important role in the plasma transport of thyroxine, and through its interaction with retinol-binding protein, of retinol.	Vitamin A	167-174	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
2180844-1	1990	We reported previously synthesis of transthyretin (TTR), or prealbumin, a transport protein for thyroxine and retinol, in the eyes of rats and cows and showed that in the rat eye, TTR mRNA is localized exclusively in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).	Vitamin A	110-117	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	36-49
1690688-1	1990	Transthyretin (TTR), or prealbumin, is a 55-kD tetrameric protein which plays an important role in the plasma transport of thyroxine, and through its interaction with retinol-binding protein, of retinol.	Vitamin A	195-202	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
2180844-1	1990	We reported previously synthesis of transthyretin (TTR), or prealbumin, a transport protein for thyroxine and retinol, in the eyes of rats and cows and showed that in the rat eye, TTR mRNA is localized exclusively in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).	Vitamin A	110-117	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
2180844-8	1990	Although the physiologic role of ocular TTR is unknown, it is possible that it participates in retinol cycling within the eye.	Vitamin A	95-102	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	40-43
1690688-1	1990	Transthyretin (TTR), or prealbumin, is a 55-kD tetrameric protein which plays an important role in the plasma transport of thyroxine, and through its interaction with retinol-binding protein, of retinol.	Vitamin A	195-202	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
1690688-5	1990	Although the functional significance of ocular TTR synthesis is unclear, it is likely that it serves to transport thyroxine or retinol across the blood-retina barrier, thereby facilitating their effects on differentiation and morphogenesis.	Vitamin A	127-134	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
1690688-6	1990	Considering the importance of retinol in the biochemistry of the visual process, we propose that TTR may play a role in the intraocular cycling of retinol.	Vitamin A	30-37	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
1690688-6	1990	Considering the importance of retinol in the biochemistry of the visual process, we propose that TTR may play a role in the intraocular cycling of retinol.	Vitamin A	147-154	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
2145932-5	1990	However, patients with stage IV disease had higher C-RBP levels than patients at stages II and III (P less than 0.0001), which suggested altered intracellular mobilization of retinol in the tumour, probably as an indirect consequence of inadequate nutrient intake.	Vitamin A	175-182	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	51-56
2369074-3	1990	The activities of hepatic glycolate oxidase and glycolate dehydrogenase were markedly enhanced in vitamin-A- and vitamin-B6-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	98-107	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-43
2124549-0	1990	Effect of retinol and retinoic acid supplemented diets on cytochrome P-450 content and UDP glucuronosyltransferase activities in vitamin A-deficient rat liver.	Vitamin A	10-17	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-74
2124549-0	1990	Effect of retinol and retinoic acid supplemented diets on cytochrome P-450 content and UDP glucuronosyltransferase activities in vitamin A-deficient rat liver.	Vitamin A	10-17	UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B	Rattus norvegicus	87-114
2124549-0	1990	Effect of retinol and retinoic acid supplemented diets on cytochrome P-450 content and UDP glucuronosyltransferase activities in vitamin A-deficient rat liver.	Vitamin A	129-138	UDP glycosyltransferase 2 family, polypeptide B	Rattus norvegicus	87-114
1981919-1	1990	Retinol-binding protein (RBP), a plasma protein with a molecular weight of 21,000 daltons, binds to retinol with a 1:1 molar ratio and transports it to the peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
2101834-2	1990	When the soluble proteins were incubated with mouse liver microsomes containing (14C)palmitic acid or (3H)retinoids, it was observed that fatty acid binding protein removed selectively the fatty acid and retinyl ester, whereas the retinol was mainly removed by cellular retinol binding protein.	Vitamin A	270-277	glutamatic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	138-164
2295828-8	1990	ARAT activities in microsomes from different layers of epidermis were similar, but, owing to a presumed pH gradient in upper epidermis, the in vivo esterification of vitamin A may be enhanced in terminally differentiating keratinocytes.	Vitamin A	166-175	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
1981919-1	1990	Retinol-binding protein (RBP), a plasma protein with a molecular weight of 21,000 daltons, binds to retinol with a 1:1 molar ratio and transports it to the peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
2181486-2	1990	Ethanol is also oxidized in liver microsomes by an ethanol-inducible cytochrome P-450 (P-450IIE1) which contributes to ethanol metabolism and tolerance, and activates xenobiotics to toxic radicals thereby explaining increased vulnerability of the heavy drinker to industrial solvents, anesthetic agents, commonly prescribed drugs, over-the-counter analgesics, chemical carcinogens and even nutritional factors such as vitamin A.	Vitamin A	418-427	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	69-85
2177549-1	1990	Vitamin A status has been assessed by studying plasma vitamin A and retinol binding protein (RBP) levels in premature infants receiving 7,500 IU vitamin A/d (RDA 660-3,300 IU/d) and in control term babies during the 3 first months of life.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	68-91
2177549-1	1990	Vitamin A status has been assessed by studying plasma vitamin A and retinol binding protein (RBP) levels in premature infants receiving 7,500 IU vitamin A/d (RDA 660-3,300 IU/d) and in control term babies during the 3 first months of life.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	93-96
33766534-2	2021	Retinol dehydrogenase 8 (RDH8) then reduces ATRal into all-trans retinol, which is the first step of the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinol dehydrogenase 8	Bos taurus	0-23
2217163-1	1990	Human serum retinol binding protein (RBP) in complex with retinol has been crystallographically refined to an R-factor of 18.1% with 2A resolution data.	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	37-40
33766534-2	2021	Retinol dehydrogenase 8 (RDH8) then reduces ATRal into all-trans retinol, which is the first step of the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinol dehydrogenase 8	Bos taurus	25-29
33801011-6	2021	Mechanistically, vitamin A differentially influenced the stages of osteogenesis by enhancing early osteoblastic differentiation and inhibiting bone mineralisation via retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signalling and modulation of osteocyte/osteoblast-related bone peptides.	Vitamin A	17-26	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	167-189
33801011-6	2021	Mechanistically, vitamin A differentially influenced the stages of osteogenesis by enhancing early osteoblastic differentiation and inhibiting bone mineralisation via retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signalling and modulation of osteocyte/osteoblast-related bone peptides.	Vitamin A	17-26	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	191-194
33808590-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: CFTR modulator therapy with LUM/IVA alters concentrations of vitamins A and vitamin E in plasma.	Vitamin A	74-84	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	13-17
33807563-0	2021	Re-Defining the Population-Specific Cut-Off Mark for Vitamin A Deficiency in Pre-School Children of Malawi.	Vitamin A	53-62	microtubule affinity regulating kinase 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
33588861-6	2021	Retinol was incorporated into the nanoparticles to transport retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) to the kidneys, which abundantly express RBP receptors.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	61-86
33588861-6	2021	Retinol was incorporated into the nanoparticles to transport retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) to the kidneys, which abundantly express RBP receptors.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	88-92
33588861-6	2021	Retinol was incorporated into the nanoparticles to transport retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) to the kidneys, which abundantly express RBP receptors.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	88-91
33587919-1	2021	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) enable vitamin A storage and transport, respectively, maintaining tissue homeostasis of retinoids (vitamin A derivatives).	Vitamin A	81-90	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-32
33587919-1	2021	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) enable vitamin A storage and transport, respectively, maintaining tissue homeostasis of retinoids (vitamin A derivatives).	Vitamin A	81-90	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	34-38
33587919-1	2021	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) enable vitamin A storage and transport, respectively, maintaining tissue homeostasis of retinoids (vitamin A derivatives).	Vitamin A	81-90	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	44-67
33587919-1	2021	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) enable vitamin A storage and transport, respectively, maintaining tissue homeostasis of retinoids (vitamin A derivatives).	Vitamin A	81-90	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	69-72
33587919-1	2021	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) enable vitamin A storage and transport, respectively, maintaining tissue homeostasis of retinoids (vitamin A derivatives).	Vitamin A	173-182	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	0-32
33587919-1	2021	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) enable vitamin A storage and transport, respectively, maintaining tissue homeostasis of retinoids (vitamin A derivatives).	Vitamin A	173-182	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	34-38
33587919-1	2021	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) enable vitamin A storage and transport, respectively, maintaining tissue homeostasis of retinoids (vitamin A derivatives).	Vitamin A	173-182	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	44-67
33587919-1	2021	Lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) enable vitamin A storage and transport, respectively, maintaining tissue homeostasis of retinoids (vitamin A derivatives).	Vitamin A	173-182	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	69-72
33587919-2	2021	The precarious vitamin A status of the Lrat-/-Rbp-/- mice rapidly deteriorates upon dietary vitamin A restriction, leading to signs of severe vitamin A deficiency (VAD).	Vitamin A	15-24	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	39-43
33587919-9	2021	Overall, our findings revealed the suitability of the Lrat-/-Rbp-/- mice as a model to study intestinal dysfunctions and dysbiosis promoted by changes in tissue retinoid homeostasis induced by the host vitamin A status and/or intake.	Vitamin A	202-211	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	54-58
32858880-0	2020	Increased Risk of High Body Fat and Altered Lipid Metabolism Associated to Suboptimal Consumption of Vitamin A Is Modulated by Genetic Variants rs5888 (SCARB1), rs1800629 (UCP1) and rs659366 (UCP2).	Vitamin A	101-110	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
32858880-0	2020	Increased Risk of High Body Fat and Altered Lipid Metabolism Associated to Suboptimal Consumption of Vitamin A Is Modulated by Genetic Variants rs5888 (SCARB1), rs1800629 (UCP1) and rs659366 (UCP2).	Vitamin A	101-110	scavenger receptor class B member 1	Homo sapiens	152-158
32858880-0	2020	Increased Risk of High Body Fat and Altered Lipid Metabolism Associated to Suboptimal Consumption of Vitamin A Is Modulated by Genetic Variants rs5888 (SCARB1), rs1800629 (UCP1) and rs659366 (UCP2).	Vitamin A	101-110	uncoupling protein 1	Homo sapiens	172-176
32858880-0	2020	Increased Risk of High Body Fat and Altered Lipid Metabolism Associated to Suboptimal Consumption of Vitamin A Is Modulated by Genetic Variants rs5888 (SCARB1), rs1800629 (UCP1) and rs659366 (UCP2).	Vitamin A	101-110	uncoupling protein 2	Homo sapiens	192-196
28169399-6	2017	In this study, we discovered that mice with mutations in retinol dehydrogenase 10 (Rdh10), which perturbs Vitamin A metabolism and retinoid signaling, exhibit fully penetrant CA.	Vitamin A	106-115	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	57-81
28169399-6	2017	In this study, we discovered that mice with mutations in retinol dehydrogenase 10 (Rdh10), which perturbs Vitamin A metabolism and retinoid signaling, exhibit fully penetrant CA.	Vitamin A	106-115	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	83-88
26344741-1	2015	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) has a remarkable role in targeting and protecting all-trans and 11-cis retinol, and 11-cis retinal during the rod and cone visual cycles.	Vitamin A	115-129	retinol binding protein 3	Danio rerio	0-43
26344741-1	2015	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) has a remarkable role in targeting and protecting all-trans and 11-cis retinol, and 11-cis retinal during the rod and cone visual cycles.	Vitamin A	115-129	retinol binding protein 3	Danio rerio	45-49
26344741-10	2015	In fluorescence titrations assays, oleic acid displaced all-trans retinol from zIRBP.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 3	Danio rerio	79-84
26052145-4	2015	Immunological tolerance was induced by oral ovalbumin (OVA) administration in vitamin A-sufficient mice.	Vitamin A	78-87	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	44-53
26052145-7	2015	Regarding induction of Tregs, the conversion rate of Foxp3(+) cells from naive CD4(+) cell by CD11c(+) cells was decreased in vitamin A-deficient mice.	Vitamin A	126-135	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	53-58
26052145-7	2015	Regarding induction of Tregs, the conversion rate of Foxp3(+) cells from naive CD4(+) cell by CD11c(+) cells was decreased in vitamin A-deficient mice.	Vitamin A	126-135	integrin subunit alpha X	Homo sapiens	94-99
19264891-7	2009	Experiments were performed at 37 degrees C. RESULTS: In rods, the formation of all-trans retinol proceeded with first-order kinetics, with a rate constant of 0.06 +/- 0.02 minute(-1), significantly faster than the reported rate constant for rhodopsin regeneration.	Vitamin A	89-96	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	241-250
19264891-8	2009	In Nrl(-/-) photoreceptors, the formation of all-trans retinol occurred at least 100 times faster than in rods.	Vitamin A	55-62	neural retina leucine zipper gene	Mus musculus	3-6
19264891-11	2009	Formation of all-trans retinol in the cone-like Nrl(-/-) photoreceptors is much faster than in rods, consistent with a faster regeneration of the visual pigment after bleaching.	Vitamin A	23-30	neural retina leucine zipper gene	Mus musculus	48-51
34742949-2	2022	However, fenretinide reduces plasma vitamin A levels by interacting with retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), which often results in reversible night blindness in patients.	Vitamin A	36-45	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	73-98
34742949-2	2022	However, fenretinide reduces plasma vitamin A levels by interacting with retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), which often results in reversible night blindness in patients.	Vitamin A	36-45	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	100-104
2234213-2	1990	Retinol, a known inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, was used to modulate tumor growth pattern and subsequent changes in the level of polyamines.	Vitamin A	0-7	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	30-53
34850377-5	2022	Expression of human RDH10 and Escherichia coli ybbO led to increases in retinol production, but retinal remained as a major product.	Vitamin A	72-79	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	20-25
34850377-6	2022	In contrast, S. cerevisiae harboring human RDH12 produced retinol selectively with negligible production of retinal.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Homo sapiens	43-48
34850377-7	2022	The resulting strain (SR8A-RDH12) produced retinol only.	Vitamin A	43-50	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Homo sapiens	27-32
34850377-12	2022	In conclusion, we achieved selective production of retinol efficiently from xylose by introducing human RDH12 and NADH oxidase into S. cerevisiae.	Vitamin A	51-58	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Homo sapiens	104-109
34656004-4	2022	The vitamin A treatment increased the expression of VEGFA gene at 40 days of age and at weaning and increased the expression of ZNF423 at weaning and at harvesting (P <= 0.03).	Vitamin A	4-13	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Bos taurus	52-57
34656004-4	2022	The vitamin A treatment increased the expression of VEGFA gene at 40 days of age and at weaning and increased the expression of ZNF423 at weaning and at harvesting (P <= 0.03).	Vitamin A	4-13	zinc finger protein 423	Bos taurus	128-134
34656004-6	2022	Vitamin A also increased the expression of SREBF1 at 40 days of age and at weaning (P <= 0.05).	Vitamin A	0-9	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Bos taurus	43-49
33807563-1	2021	Retinol Binding Protein (RBP) is responsible for the transport of serum retinol (SR) to target tissue in the body.	Vitamin A	72-79	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
33807563-1	2021	Retinol Binding Protein (RBP) is responsible for the transport of serum retinol (SR) to target tissue in the body.	Vitamin A	72-79	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
33807563-2	2021	Since RBP is relatively easy and cheap to measure, it is widely used in national Micronutrient Surveys (MNS) as a proxy for SR to determine vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	140-149	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	6-9
33807563-3	2021	By regressing RBP concentration against SR concentration measured in a subset of the survey population, one can define a population-specific threshold concentration of RBP that indicates vitamin A deficiency (VAD).	Vitamin A	187-196	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	14-17
33807563-3	2021	By regressing RBP concentration against SR concentration measured in a subset of the survey population, one can define a population-specific threshold concentration of RBP that indicates vitamin A deficiency (VAD).	Vitamin A	187-196	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	168-171
34973477-10	2022	Moreover, LKB1DeltaIEC mice showed impaired conversion of retinol to retinoic acids in the SI ileum.	Vitamin A	58-65	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	10-22
34968797-5	2021	Particularly, high levels of AR and AR-linked genes for the retinol and xenobiotic metabolic enzymes were positively associated with attenuated disease biomarkers and good prognosis in patients with liver or kidney cancers.	Vitamin A	60-67	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	29-31
34968797-5	2021	Particularly, high levels of AR and AR-linked genes for the retinol and xenobiotic metabolic enzymes were positively associated with attenuated disease biomarkers and good prognosis in patients with liver or kidney cancers.	Vitamin A	60-67	androgen receptor	Homo sapiens	36-38
34547506-1	2021	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a serum protein that transports Vitamin A.	Vitamin A	68-77	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
34547506-1	2021	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a serum protein that transports Vitamin A.	Vitamin A	68-77	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
34904752-1	2021	The study aims to investigate the relationships between colostral concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and vitamin A (Vit A) and growth (body weight and average daily gain) in Black Bengal (BB) and its crossbred.	Vitamin A	149-158	vitrin	Capra hircus	160-163
34903070-1	2022	BACKGROUND: The study aimed to identify two beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCMO1) mutations, namely R267S and A379V, and determine their association with vitamin A status among Filipinos 6 to 19 years old respondents of the 2013 Philippine National Nutrition Survey living in the National Capital Region.	Vitamin A	159-168	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
34920650-10	2021	The levels of total IgE, LTB4, Cys-LT, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17, and IL-33, eosinophil peroxidase activity, perivascular and peribronchial inflammation significantly decreased in vitamin A-treated asthma and rhinitis groups compared to non-treated groups.	Vitamin A	172-181	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	39-43
34920650-10	2021	The levels of total IgE, LTB4, Cys-LT, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17, and IL-33, eosinophil peroxidase activity, perivascular and peribronchial inflammation significantly decreased in vitamin A-treated asthma and rhinitis groups compared to non-treated groups.	Vitamin A	172-181	interleukin 5	Mus musculus	45-49
34920650-10	2021	The levels of total IgE, LTB4, Cys-LT, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17, and IL-33, eosinophil peroxidase activity, perivascular and peribronchial inflammation significantly decreased in vitamin A-treated asthma and rhinitis groups compared to non-treated groups.	Vitamin A	172-181	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	51-56
34920650-10	2021	The levels of total IgE, LTB4, Cys-LT, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17, and IL-33, eosinophil peroxidase activity, perivascular and peribronchial inflammation significantly decreased in vitamin A-treated asthma and rhinitis groups compared to non-treated groups.	Vitamin A	172-181	interleukin 33	Mus musculus	62-67
34920650-11	2021	Also, IL-13 and histamine levels, hyperplasia of the goblet cell, and hyper-secretion of the mucus insignificantly decreased in vitamin A-treated asthma and rhinitis groups.	Vitamin A	128-137	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	6-11
34920650-14	2021	Vitamin A could be a useful supplement in managing AR and asthma by decreasing the severity of inflammatory responses.	Vitamin A	0-9	ferredoxin reductase	Mus musculus	51-53
34494098-6	2021	RESULTS: We observed an inverse association of total vitamin A equivalents with ER-positive breast cancer (quintiles 5 compared with 1: pooled OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.67-1.00; P-trend = 0.045).	Vitamin A	53-62	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	80-82
34494098-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings on dietary vitamin A and breast cancer risks in Black women are consistent with observations in women of European descent and advance the literature showing an inverse association for ER-positive disease.	Vitamin A	37-46	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	210-212
34860424-4	2021	Here, we explore variation in chromophore ratios across multiple cichlid populations in Lake Victoria, using as a proxy the expression of the gene Cyp27c1, which has been shown to regulate conversion of Vitamin A1 - into A2 in several vertebrates.We focus on sympatric Pundamilia cichlids, where species with blue or red male coloration co-occur at multiple islands, but occupy different depths and consequently different visual habitats.	Vitamin A	203-215	cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	147-154
34827649-9	2021	An elevated concentration of retinol derivatives in LEC or an altered response to retinoids may contribute to this pattern.	Vitamin A	29-36	C-C motif chemokine ligand 16	Homo sapiens	52-55
34784434-2	2021	Previous studies have postulated that retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A and high-affinity ligand for RA receptor (RAR), is reduced in airway inflammatory condition and contributes to multiple features of asthma including airway hyperresponsiveness and excessive accumulation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells.	Vitamin A	82-91	retinoic acid receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	134-137
34784434-2	2021	Previous studies have postulated that retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of vitamin A and high-affinity ligand for RA receptor (RAR), is reduced in airway inflammatory condition and contributes to multiple features of asthma including airway hyperresponsiveness and excessive accumulation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells.	Vitamin A	82-91	H19 imprinted maternally expressed transcript	Homo sapiens	320-323
34737043-7	2021	VitA-enriched diet also reduced the amount of hippocampal Abeta40 and Abeta42, as well as the phosphorylation of Tau protein at sites Ser396/Ser404 (PHF-1) in males.	Vitamin A	0-4	PHD finger protein 1	Mus musculus	149-154
34380588-11	2021	The incidence of a low VA level increases significantly with a raised CRP.	Vitamin A	23-25	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	70-73
34562536-1	2021	Wild-type human transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric protein that transports thyroxine and retinol in the blood and brain.	Vitamin A	90-97	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	16-29
34562536-1	2021	Wild-type human transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric protein that transports thyroxine and retinol in the blood and brain.	Vitamin A	90-97	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	31-34
34917672-6	2021	In addition, the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and vitamin A were significantly reduced in gut microbiota dysbiosis group, however, butyric acid or vitamin A as feed additives promoted MG clearance in the lung of gut microbiota dysbiosis group via increasing TLR2/IL17/GM-CSF and host defense peptides genes expression.	Vitamin A	63-72	colony stimulating factor 2	Gallus gallus	281-287
34917672-6	2021	In addition, the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and vitamin A were significantly reduced in gut microbiota dysbiosis group, however, butyric acid or vitamin A as feed additives promoted MG clearance in the lung of gut microbiota dysbiosis group via increasing TLR2/IL17/GM-CSF and host defense peptides genes expression.	Vitamin A	160-169	colony stimulating factor 2	Gallus gallus	281-287
34943818-6	2021	Controlled inflammation with AA/retinol significantly elevated NANOG (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	32-39	Nanog homeobox	Homo sapiens	63-68
34943818-7	2021	The AA/retinol-mediated reduction in intracellular phosphorylated beta-Catenin was restored through the effect of controlled inflammation (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	7-14	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	66-78
34842275-4	2021	We show that the vitamin A cycle byproduct is sufficient alone to damage the RPE, photoreceptor inner and outer segments, and the outer plexiform layer, cause the formation of sub-retinal debris, alter transcription and protein synthesis, and diminish retinal function.	Vitamin A	17-26	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Homo sapiens	77-80
34742949-3	2022	Cell culture and in vitro studies show that fenretinide binds and inhibits the activity of beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1), the enzyme responsible for endogenous vitamin A formation.	Vitamin A	163-172	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	91-116
34742949-3	2022	Cell culture and in vitro studies show that fenretinide binds and inhibits the activity of beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1), the enzyme responsible for endogenous vitamin A formation.	Vitamin A	163-172	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
34785649-4	2021	One component of this network, the membrane receptor STRA6, has been shown to be essential in facilitating the cellular entry and exit of retinol.	Vitamin A	138-145	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	53-58
34775955-1	2021	BACKGROUND: CRBP-1, a cytosolic chaperone of vitamin A, is identified in a serious number of cancers; however, its biological role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) needs to be further explored.	Vitamin A	45-54	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	12-18
34836244-4	2021	Specifically, once absorbed, carotenoids are cleaved by carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs), such as Beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCO1), to produce all-trans retinal that subsequently gets converted into all-trans retinol.	Vitamin A	223-230	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	103-137
34836244-4	2021	Specifically, once absorbed, carotenoids are cleaved by carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs), such as Beta-carotene 15,15"-monooxygenase (BCO1), to produce all-trans retinal that subsequently gets converted into all-trans retinol.	Vitamin A	223-230	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
34836244-5	2021	CRBP2 bound retinol is then converted into retinyl esters (REs) by the enzyme lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is then packaged into chylomicrons and sent into the bloodstream for storage in hepatic stellate cells in the liver or for functional use in peripheral tissues such as the retina.	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
34836244-5	2021	CRBP2 bound retinol is then converted into retinyl esters (REs) by the enzyme lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is then packaged into chylomicrons and sent into the bloodstream for storage in hepatic stellate cells in the liver or for functional use in peripheral tissues such as the retina.	Vitamin A	12-19	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	78-110
34836244-5	2021	CRBP2 bound retinol is then converted into retinyl esters (REs) by the enzyme lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) in the endoplasmic reticulum, which is then packaged into chylomicrons and sent into the bloodstream for storage in hepatic stellate cells in the liver or for functional use in peripheral tissues such as the retina.	Vitamin A	12-19	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	112-116
34836244-6	2021	All-trans retinol also travels through the bloodstream bound to retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), where it enters cells with the assistance of the transmembrane transporters, stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) in peripheral tissues or retinol binding protein 4 receptor 2 (RBPR2) in systemic tissues (e.g., in the retina and the liver, respectively).	Vitamin A	10-17	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	64-89
34836244-6	2021	All-trans retinol also travels through the bloodstream bound to retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), where it enters cells with the assistance of the transmembrane transporters, stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) in peripheral tissues or retinol binding protein 4 receptor 2 (RBPR2) in systemic tissues (e.g., in the retina and the liver, respectively).	Vitamin A	10-17	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	91-95
34836244-6	2021	All-trans retinol also travels through the bloodstream bound to retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), where it enters cells with the assistance of the transmembrane transporters, stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) in peripheral tissues or retinol binding protein 4 receptor 2 (RBPR2) in systemic tissues (e.g., in the retina and the liver, respectively).	Vitamin A	10-17	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	206-211
34827649-2	2021	In PAX6-aniridia, the downregulation of the retinol-metabolizing enzymes ADH7 (All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase 7) and ALDH1A1/A3 (Retinal dehydrogenase 1, Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3) have been described in limbal epithelial cells (LECs) and conjunctival epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	44-51	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	73-77
34827649-2	2021	In PAX6-aniridia, the downregulation of the retinol-metabolizing enzymes ADH7 (All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase 7) and ALDH1A1/A3 (Retinal dehydrogenase 1, Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3) have been described in limbal epithelial cells (LECs) and conjunctival epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	44-51	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	79-112
34827649-2	2021	In PAX6-aniridia, the downregulation of the retinol-metabolizing enzymes ADH7 (All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase 7) and ALDH1A1/A3 (Retinal dehydrogenase 1, Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3) have been described in limbal epithelial cells (LECs) and conjunctival epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	44-51	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	118-128
34827649-2	2021	In PAX6-aniridia, the downregulation of the retinol-metabolizing enzymes ADH7 (All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase 7) and ALDH1A1/A3 (Retinal dehydrogenase 1, Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3) have been described in limbal epithelial cells (LECs) and conjunctival epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	44-51	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	130-153
34827649-2	2021	In PAX6-aniridia, the downregulation of the retinol-metabolizing enzymes ADH7 (All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase 7) and ALDH1A1/A3 (Retinal dehydrogenase 1, Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3) have been described in limbal epithelial cells (LECs) and conjunctival epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	44-51	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A3	Homo sapiens	155-196
34827649-3	2021	The aim of this study was to identify the role of retinol derivates in the differentiation of human LEC and its potential impact on aniridia-associated keratopathy development.	Vitamin A	50-57	C-C motif chemokine ligand 16	Homo sapiens	100-103
34592217-1	2021	The interaction of calmodulin (CaM) with the receptor for retinol uptake, STRA6, involves an alpha-helix termed BP2 that is located on the intracellular side of this homodimeric transporter (1).	Vitamin A	58-65	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	74-79
34592217-1	2021	The interaction of calmodulin (CaM) with the receptor for retinol uptake, STRA6, involves an alpha-helix termed BP2 that is located on the intracellular side of this homodimeric transporter (1).	Vitamin A	58-65	BP2	Homo sapiens	112-115
34592217-8	2021	Because this structural rearrangement observed for the CaCaM-BP2 complex occurs as intracellular free Ca2+ concentrations approach those typical of a Ca2+-signaling event (CaKD = 1,000 +- 160 nM), this conformational change could be relevant to vitamin A transport by full-length CaCaM-STRA6.	Vitamin A	245-254	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	286-291
34590114-10	2021	There was no effect of SQ-LNSs on plasma zinc or retinol, but there was a 7% increase in plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) and a 56% reduction in vitamin A deficiency (RBP < 0.70 micromol/L), with little evidence of effect modification by individual-level characteristics.	Vitamin A	96-103	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	121-124
34438017-10	2021	Viral RNA recognition mechanism through RIG-I receptors can quickly consume a large amount of the body"s retinoid reserve, which causes the retinol levels to fall below the normal serum levels.	Vitamin A	140-147	DExD/H-box helicase 58	Homo sapiens	40-45
34790112-0	2021	Vitamin A Deficiency Exacerbates Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Cognitive Deficits in Amyloid Precursor Protein/Presenilin 1 Transgenic Mice.	Vitamin A	0-9	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	110-122
34599778-4	2021	Overexpression of the retinol dehydrogenase enzymes RDH8 and RDH12 can to a limited extent offset the increase in the bisretinoid levels in the Abca4Ex42-/ - KO rats possibly by restricting the time window in which retinal can dimerize before being reduced to retinol.	Vitamin A	260-267	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
34628277-3	2021	The association between hepcidin and retinol levels, hematologic parameters, and body mass index (BMI) was analyzed using a generalized linear model with and without adjustment for C-reactive protein (CRP) level.	Vitamin A	37-44	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	24-32
34628277-7	2021	When CRP level was not adjusted for in the multiple regression analyses, retinol, ferritin levels, and BMI/age were predictors of serum hepcidin levels (beta = -3.36, 0.14, 1.02, respectively; P = 0.032).	Vitamin A	73-80	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	136-144
34628277-8	2021	Accordingly, serum retinol levels were inversely associated with CRP levels (beta = -0.025 and P < 0.001).	Vitamin A	19-26	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	65-68
34628277-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: The association between serum retinol and hepcidin levels in children ages 6 to 59 mo seems to be dependent on inflammation.	Vitamin A	43-50	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	55-63
34470463-2	2021	However, there has been no report showing the association between vitamin A-related genes (CYP26B1, RARB and RARG) and the prognosis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD).	Vitamin A	66-75	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	91-98
34449946-6	2021	There was a significantly (P<0.05) higher mRNA expression of BCL2L1, GDF9 and BMP15 in the vitrification + retinol group compared to the control group.	Vitamin A	107-114	bcl-2-like protein 1	Bubalus bubalis	61-67
34449946-6	2021	There was a significantly (P<0.05) higher mRNA expression of BCL2L1, GDF9 and BMP15 in the vitrification + retinol group compared to the control group.	Vitamin A	107-114	growth/differentiation factor 9	Bubalus bubalis	69-73
34449946-6	2021	There was a significantly (P<0.05) higher mRNA expression of BCL2L1, GDF9 and BMP15 in the vitrification + retinol group compared to the control group.	Vitamin A	107-114	bone morphogenetic protein 15	Bubalus bubalis	78-83
34470463-2	2021	However, there has been no report showing the association between vitamin A-related genes (CYP26B1, RARB and RARG) and the prognosis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD).	Vitamin A	66-75	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	100-104
34470463-2	2021	However, there has been no report showing the association between vitamin A-related genes (CYP26B1, RARB and RARG) and the prognosis of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD).	Vitamin A	66-75	retinoic acid receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	109-113
34711698-9	2021	Retinol treatment could induce a high expression of rhodopsin protein in MSCs expanded in alginate and alginate-gelatin mixtures.	Vitamin A	0-7	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	52-61
34711698-10	2021	An elevated presentation of Nestin, RPE65 and Rhodopsin genes was detected in retinol-treated cultures expanded on alginate and alginate-gelatin scaffolds.	Vitamin A	78-85	nestin	Mus musculus	28-34
34711698-10	2021	An elevated presentation of Nestin, RPE65 and Rhodopsin genes was detected in retinol-treated cultures expanded on alginate and alginate-gelatin scaffolds.	Vitamin A	78-85	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	36-41
34711698-10	2021	An elevated presentation of Nestin, RPE65 and Rhodopsin genes was detected in retinol-treated cultures expanded on alginate and alginate-gelatin scaffolds.	Vitamin A	78-85	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	46-55
34714826-7	2021	fabp induction in ninaEG69D photoreceptors required vitamin A and its transporter genes.	Vitamin A	52-61	fatty acid binding protein	Drosophila melanogaster	0-4
34607013-2	2022	At the heart of this metabolic pathway is an enzyme known as retinal pigment epithelium 65 kDa protein (RPE65), which catalyzes an unusual, possibly biochemically unique, reaction consisting of a coupled all-trans-retinyl ester hydrolysis and alkene geometric isomerization to produce 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	285-299	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	104-109
34480899-10	2021	These results suggest that P450 27C1 directly accepts all-trans retinol and retinaldehyde from CRBP-1 and all-trans retinoic acid from CRABP-2, but not from CRABP-1.	Vitamin A	64-71	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	95-101
34467981-11	2021	On the other hand, VA increased the expression of Ascl2 (P = 0.001) although the interaction of VA and iron (P < 0.05) had an effect on the expression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1) and Bmi1.	Vitamin A	19-21	achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 2	Sus scrofa	50-55
34467981-11	2021	On the other hand, VA increased the expression of Ascl2 (P = 0.001) although the interaction of VA and iron (P < 0.05) had an effect on the expression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1) and Bmi1.	Vitamin A	96-98	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Sus scrofa	154-179
34467981-11	2021	On the other hand, VA increased the expression of Ascl2 (P = 0.001) although the interaction of VA and iron (P < 0.05) had an effect on the expression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1) and Bmi1.	Vitamin A	96-98	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Sus scrofa	181-185
34467981-11	2021	On the other hand, VA increased the expression of Ascl2 (P = 0.001) although the interaction of VA and iron (P < 0.05) had an effect on the expression of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1) and Bmi1.	Vitamin A	96-98	BMI1 proto-oncogene, polycomb ring finger	Sus scrofa	191-195
34467981-12	2021	In addition, VA decreased the gene or mRNA expression of aconitase 1 (Aco1; P < 0.001), transferrin receptor (TFRC; P = 0.001), and solute carrier family 11 member 2 (DMT1; P = 0.003) in the Iron Reactive Element/Iron Regulatory Protein (IRE/IRP) signaling pathway although iron and the interaction of VA and iron had no effect on the genes" expression.	Vitamin A	13-15	aconitase 1	Sus scrofa	57-68
34467981-12	2021	In addition, VA decreased the gene or mRNA expression of aconitase 1 (Aco1; P < 0.001), transferrin receptor (TFRC; P = 0.001), and solute carrier family 11 member 2 (DMT1; P = 0.003) in the Iron Reactive Element/Iron Regulatory Protein (IRE/IRP) signaling pathway although iron and the interaction of VA and iron had no effect on the genes" expression.	Vitamin A	13-15	aconitase 1	Sus scrofa	70-74
34467981-12	2021	In addition, VA decreased the gene or mRNA expression of aconitase 1 (Aco1; P < 0.001), transferrin receptor (TFRC; P = 0.001), and solute carrier family 11 member 2 (DMT1; P = 0.003) in the Iron Reactive Element/Iron Regulatory Protein (IRE/IRP) signaling pathway although iron and the interaction of VA and iron had no effect on the genes" expression.	Vitamin A	13-15	transferrin receptor	Sus scrofa	88-108
34467981-12	2021	In addition, VA decreased the gene or mRNA expression of aconitase 1 (Aco1; P < 0.001), transferrin receptor (TFRC; P = 0.001), and solute carrier family 11 member 2 (DMT1; P = 0.003) in the Iron Reactive Element/Iron Regulatory Protein (IRE/IRP) signaling pathway although iron and the interaction of VA and iron had no effect on the genes" expression.	Vitamin A	13-15	transferrin receptor	Sus scrofa	110-114
34467981-12	2021	In addition, VA decreased the gene or mRNA expression of aconitase 1 (Aco1; P < 0.001), transferrin receptor (TFRC; P = 0.001), and solute carrier family 11 member 2 (DMT1; P = 0.003) in the Iron Reactive Element/Iron Regulatory Protein (IRE/IRP) signaling pathway although iron and the interaction of VA and iron had no effect on the genes" expression.	Vitamin A	13-15	solute carrier family 11 member 2	Sus scrofa	167-171
34616859-0	2021	Is Vitamin A Supplementation Associated With Anemia in Children Under 5 Years of Age in Peru: Secondary Analysis of the "Demographic Health Survey" 2015-2018?	Vitamin A	3-12	renin binding protein	Homo sapiens	81-84
34616859-4	2021	We aimed to identify an association between Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) and anemia in children under 5 years of age.	Vitamin A	44-53	renin binding protein	Homo sapiens	116-119
34207092-2	2021	TTR is a plasma protein that functions as a carrier for thyroxine (T4) and retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	75-82	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-3
34734009-9	2021	We then chose three differentially expressed tRFs for further qPCR validation and passed two tRFs: tRF-Thr-CGT-003 and tRF-Leu-CAA-004, that were found to regulate the calcium regulation-related proteins (the voltage-gated calcium channel gamma2 subunit and the RYR1 endoplasmic reticulum calcium released protein) and the retinol metabolism-related proteins (retinoic acid metabolic enzymes CYP2S1, CYP2C68, CYP2S1).	Vitamin A	323-330	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Mus musculus	99-102
34214728-10	2021	After the administration with VitA or VitD, IL-10 and Arg-1 were up-regulated on PN10.	Vitamin A	30-34	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
34214728-10	2021	After the administration with VitA or VitD, IL-10 and Arg-1 were up-regulated on PN10.	Vitamin A	30-34	arginase 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
34376625-4	2021	Here, we found that the levels of retinol dehydrogenases (RDHs) are commonly decreased in phosphatase tensin homolog (Pten)-deficient mouse RPE, which degenerates due to elevated ROL and that can be rescued by feeding a ROL-free diet.	Vitamin A	179-182	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Mus musculus	118-122
34376625-4	2021	Here, we found that the levels of retinol dehydrogenases (RDHs) are commonly decreased in phosphatase tensin homolog (Pten)-deficient mouse RPE, which degenerates due to elevated ROL and that can be rescued by feeding a ROL-free diet.	Vitamin A	220-223	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Mus musculus	118-122
34376625-6	2021	Together, our findings suggest that a homeostatic pathway comprising PTEN, FOXO, and RDH can protect the RPE from ROL toxicity.	Vitamin A	114-117	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Mus musculus	69-73
34425896-11	2021	When transferred in vivo into bleomycin-pretreated mice, CD45-/ALDHbr cells reached the site of injury, ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis, recovered the reduced expression of ALDH mRNA, and prolonged survival, which was associated with the upregulation of the retinol-metabolizing pathway and the suppression of profibrotic cytokines.	Vitamin A	257-264	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C	Mus musculus	57-61
34440929-0	2021	The Interactions of Insulin and Vitamin A Signaling Systems for the Regulation of Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism.	Vitamin A	32-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
34445569-1	2021	Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) is expressed in photoreceptor inner segments and catalyses the reduction of all-trans retinal (atRAL) to all-trans retinol (atROL), as part of the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	148-155	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Homo sapiens	0-24
34445569-1	2021	Retinol dehydrogenase 12 (RDH12) is expressed in photoreceptor inner segments and catalyses the reduction of all-trans retinal (atRAL) to all-trans retinol (atROL), as part of the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	148-155	retinol dehydrogenase 12	Homo sapiens	26-31
34225167-1	2021	Transthyretin is a tetrameric protein which functions as a transporter of thyroxine and retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	88-95	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
34611420-8	2021	Only alpha-carotene, trans-beta-carotene, cis-beta-carotene, trans-lycopene and retinol were associated with HE4, with beta coefficients of -0.102, -0.027, -0.506, -0.131 and -0.054, respectively.	Vitamin A	80-87	WAP four-disulfide core domain 2	Homo sapiens	109-112
34604287-7	2021	Interestingly, retinol metabolism, PPAR signaling pathway, and tuberculosis pathways are substantially enriched by GAT-2 deficiency, suggesting that these pathways may be responsible for the effects of GAT-2 on male liver functions.	Vitamin A	15-22	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, GABA), member 13	Mus musculus	202-207
34508587-3	2022	We here analyzed visual pigment biosynthesis in mice deficient for the retinol binding protein receptor STRA6.	Vitamin A	71-78	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	104-109
34508587-10	2022	Together, our study demonstrates that STRA6 is critical to adjust the stoichiometry of chromophore and opsins in rod cone photoreceptors and to prevent pathologies associated with ocular vitamin A deprivation.	Vitamin A	187-196	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	38-43
34495261-11	2021	Vitamin A levels were highly associated with the level of hemoglobin and C-reactive protein (CRP) in multivariate analysis.	Vitamin A	0-9	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	73-91
34495261-11	2021	Vitamin A levels were highly associated with the level of hemoglobin and C-reactive protein (CRP) in multivariate analysis.	Vitamin A	0-9	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	93-96
34501443-11	2021	Myostatin concentration was negatively correlated with the percentage of energy from protein (p = 0.014), calcium (p = 0.046), and vitamin A (p = 0.028) intakes in vegetarians and with dietary vitamin C (p = 0.041) and vitamin E (p = 0.021) intakes in omnivores.	Vitamin A	131-140	myostatin	Homo sapiens	0-9
34888213-1	2021	Purpose: The Objective of the present investigation was to enhance the skin delivery of vitamin A (Vit A) via producing solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) through ultrasonication technique.	Vitamin A	88-97	vitrin	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
34628888-11	2021	These DEGs were enriched in such pathways as retinol metabolism, renin angiotensin system, and maturation-related signaling pathways.	Vitamin A	45-52	delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1	Homo sapiens	6-10
34297165-1	2021	Transthyretin (TTR) is an extracellular protein mainly produced in the liver and choroid plexus, with a well-stablished role in the transport of thyroxin and retinol throughout the body and brain.	Vitamin A	158-165	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
34297165-1	2021	Transthyretin (TTR) is an extracellular protein mainly produced in the liver and choroid plexus, with a well-stablished role in the transport of thyroxin and retinol throughout the body and brain.	Vitamin A	158-165	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
34297769-7	2021	RDH8 is involved in vitamin A (retinol) metabolism and consequent biological processes related to hypertension.	Vitamin A	20-29	retinol dehydrogenase 8	Homo sapiens	0-4
34297769-7	2021	RDH8 is involved in vitamin A (retinol) metabolism and consequent biological processes related to hypertension.	Vitamin A	31-38	retinol dehydrogenase 8	Homo sapiens	0-4
34386690-0	2021	Inflammation Adjustments to Serum Retinol and Retinol-Binding Protein Improve Specificity but Reduce Sensitivity when Estimating Vitamin A Deficiency Compared with the Modified Relative Dose-Response Test in Ghanaian Children.	Vitamin A	129-138	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	46-69
34386690-1	2021	Background: Serum retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations are commonly used biomarkers of vitamin A deficiency (VAD); however, evidence indicates that they are not always accurate, especially in populations with high exposure to inflammation.	Vitamin A	107-116	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	30-53
34386690-1	2021	Background: Serum retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations are commonly used biomarkers of vitamin A deficiency (VAD); however, evidence indicates that they are not always accurate, especially in populations with high exposure to inflammation.	Vitamin A	107-116	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	55-58
34247465-4	2021	Serum retinol and RBP levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the rate of transplacental retinol passage was calculated.	Vitamin A	120-127	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	18-21
34247465-6	2021	An evaluation was made of the retinol, RBP and other factors of the mother and baby affecting transplacental retinol passage.	Vitamin A	109-116	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-42
34247465-8	2021	Retinol and RBP levels in umbilical cord blood (273.7+-150.03 ng/ml, 7.88+-5.6 ng/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than the corresponding levels in the mother (206.4+-86.26 ng/ml, 1.04+-0.97 ng/ml, respectively).Umbilical cord blood retinol deficiency was more common in the male participants, while the transplacental retinol passage rate was higher in females.	Vitamin A	330-337	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-15
34247465-11	2021	The finding of significantly increased cord retinol levels when compared to maternal retinol levels in the present study suggests that some compensatory mechanisms, such as increased placental RBP levels, support the presentation of retinol to the fetus, even if the mother has a retinol deficiency.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	193-196
34247465-11	2021	The finding of significantly increased cord retinol levels when compared to maternal retinol levels in the present study suggests that some compensatory mechanisms, such as increased placental RBP levels, support the presentation of retinol to the fetus, even if the mother has a retinol deficiency.	Vitamin A	85-92	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	193-196
34247465-11	2021	The finding of significantly increased cord retinol levels when compared to maternal retinol levels in the present study suggests that some compensatory mechanisms, such as increased placental RBP levels, support the presentation of retinol to the fetus, even if the mother has a retinol deficiency.	Vitamin A	233-240	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	193-196
34138572-0	2021	Identification of Transthyretin Tetramer Kinetic Stabilizers That Are Capable of Inhibiting the Retinol-Dependent Retinol Binding Protein 4-Transthyretin Interaction: Potential Novel Therapeutics for Macular Degeneration, Transthyretin Amyloidosis, and Their Common Age-Related Comorbidities.	Vitamin A	96-103	transthyretin	Mus musculus	18-31
34138572-0	2021	Identification of Transthyretin Tetramer Kinetic Stabilizers That Are Capable of Inhibiting the Retinol-Dependent Retinol Binding Protein 4-Transthyretin Interaction: Potential Novel Therapeutics for Macular Degeneration, Transthyretin Amyloidosis, and Their Common Age-Related Comorbidities.	Vitamin A	114-121	transthyretin	Mus musculus	18-31
34138572-6	2021	We hypothesize that kinetic stabilization of TTR tetramers via 14 is allosterically hindering all-trans-retinol-dependent RBP4-TTR tertiary complex formation and that the compound could present ancillary therapeutic utility for indications treated with RBP4 antagonists, such as macular degeneration.	Vitamin A	94-111	transthyretin	Mus musculus	45-48
34138572-6	2021	We hypothesize that kinetic stabilization of TTR tetramers via 14 is allosterically hindering all-trans-retinol-dependent RBP4-TTR tertiary complex formation and that the compound could present ancillary therapeutic utility for indications treated with RBP4 antagonists, such as macular degeneration.	Vitamin A	94-111	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	122-126
34138572-6	2021	We hypothesize that kinetic stabilization of TTR tetramers via 14 is allosterically hindering all-trans-retinol-dependent RBP4-TTR tertiary complex formation and that the compound could present ancillary therapeutic utility for indications treated with RBP4 antagonists, such as macular degeneration.	Vitamin A	94-111	transthyretin	Mus musculus	127-130
34431270-0	2021	Serum Retinol Binding Protein-4 Levels in Prediabetics - Novel Biomarker of Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis.	Vitamin A	6-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
34634849-0	2021	(The involvement of vitamin A in the production of secretory IgA in the respiratory epithelium for potential protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection).	Vitamin A	20-29	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	61-64
34634849-8	2021	Therefore, this review aims to address the involvement of vitamin A in the production of secretory IgA in the respiratory epithelium in order to highlight its potential protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.	Vitamin A	58-67	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	99-102
34311833-8	2021	RESULTS: The concentration of vitamin A, three vitamin E isomers and cholesterol showed good linearity in the range of 0.18-9.00 mug/mL 0.76-5.2 mug/mL and 0.11-5.50 mg/mL, respectively, with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.995.The limits of detections(LODs) were 5 20 and 330 mug/100 g and the limits of quantification(LOQs) for vitamin A, three vitamin E isomers and cholesterol were 15 60 and 990 mug/100 g, respectively.	Vitamin A	30-39	TARBP2 subunit of RISC loading complex	Homo sapiens	332-336
34311833-8	2021	RESULTS: The concentration of vitamin A, three vitamin E isomers and cholesterol showed good linearity in the range of 0.18-9.00 mug/mL 0.76-5.2 mug/mL and 0.11-5.50 mg/mL, respectively, with the correlation coefficients greater than 0.995.The limits of detections(LODs) were 5 20 and 330 mug/100 g and the limits of quantification(LOQs) for vitamin A, three vitamin E isomers and cholesterol were 15 60 and 990 mug/100 g, respectively.	Vitamin A	342-351	TARBP2 subunit of RISC loading complex	Homo sapiens	332-336
34202697-7	2021	Reduced vitamin A plasma levels correlated significantly with increased levels of inflammatory markers (CRP, ferritin) and with markers of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (reduced lymphocyte count, LDH).	Vitamin A	8-17	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	104-107
34207092-2	2021	TTR is a plasma protein that functions as a carrier for thyroxine (T4) and retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	84-93	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-3
34226503-7	2021	Tet2 KO was associated with a change in metabolic pathways like retinol, arachidonic acid, linolenic acid metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathway in the cisplatin-induced mice model.	Vitamin A	64-71	tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2	Mus musculus	0-4
34211477-4	2021	Retinoic acid (active metabolite of vitamin A) is able to regulate the differentiation of IL-17A+/IL-22-producing cells as well as the expression of profibrotic markers.	Vitamin A	36-45	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	90-96
34211477-4	2021	Retinoic acid (active metabolite of vitamin A) is able to regulate the differentiation of IL-17A+/IL-22-producing cells as well as the expression of profibrotic markers.	Vitamin A	36-45	interleukin 22	Homo sapiens	98-103
34178631-0	2021	Normalization of Enzyme Expression and Activity Regulating Vitamin A Metabolism Increases RAR-Beta Expression and Reduces Cellular Migration and Proliferation in Diseases Caused by Tuberous Sclerosis Gene Mutations.	Vitamin A	59-68	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	90-98
34178631-2	2021	mTOR activation alters cellular including vitamin A metabolism and retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) expression.	Vitamin A	42-51	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	0-4
34178631-3	2021	The goal of the present study was to investigate the molecular connection between vitamin A metabolism and TSC mutation.	Vitamin A	82-91	TSC complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	107-110
34178631-4	2021	We also aimed to investigate the effect of the FDA approved drug rapamycin and the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA) in cell lines with TSC mutation.	Vitamin A	83-92	TSC complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	142-145
34178631-9	2021	Results: Metabolic enzyme arrays revealed a general deregulation of many enzymes involved in vitamin A metabolism including aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) and Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1).	Vitamin A	93-102	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	191-210
34178631-9	2021	Results: Metabolic enzyme arrays revealed a general deregulation of many enzymes involved in vitamin A metabolism including aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs), alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) and Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1).	Vitamin A	93-102	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	212-218
34178631-12	2021	Conclusion: Deregulation of vitamin A metabolizing enzymes is a feature of TSC mutation.	Vitamin A	28-37	TSC complex subunit 1	Homo sapiens	75-78
34068244-1	2021	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a transporter of vitamin A that is secreted mainly by hepatocytes and adipocytes.	Vitamin A	53-62	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
34089308-6	2021	Transthyretin (TTR) is a protein that is produced by the liver and is involved in the transportation of thyroid hormones, especially thyroxine and retinol binding protein.	Vitamin A	147-154	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
34089308-6	2021	Transthyretin (TTR) is a protein that is produced by the liver and is involved in the transportation of thyroid hormones, especially thyroxine and retinol binding protein.	Vitamin A	147-154	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
34085926-5	2021	Mechanistically, Rela deletion suppresses expression of Aldh1a1, an enzyme required for retinoic acid synthesis from vitamin A.	Vitamin A	117-126	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	17-21
34085926-5	2021	Mechanistically, Rela deletion suppresses expression of Aldh1a1, an enzyme required for retinoic acid synthesis from vitamin A.	Vitamin A	117-126	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	56-63
34081718-12	2021	Poor consumption of foods rich in vitamin A highly clustered in Afar, eastern Tigray, southeast Amhara, and the eastern Somali region of Ethiopia.	Vitamin A	34-43	aldo-keto reductase family 7 member A2	Homo sapiens	64-68
34091224-13	2021	Adequate and excess vitamin A up-regulated the mRNA expression of GSH-Px1, GSH-Px3 and SOD1 in eggshell gland (P < 0.05).	Vitamin A	20-29	superoxide dismutase 1, soluble	Gallus gallus	87-91
34093587-6	2021	We show that vitamin D-mediated suppression of vitamin A-induced gene regulation depends on an intact ability of the VDR to bind DNA.	Vitamin A	47-56	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	117-120
34093587-7	2021	Furthermore, we demonstrate that vitamin A inhibits 1,25(OH)2D3-induced translocation of the VDR to the nucleus and 1,25(OH)2D3-induced up-regulation of CYP24A1.	Vitamin A	33-42	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	93-96
34093587-7	2021	Furthermore, we demonstrate that vitamin A inhibits 1,25(OH)2D3-induced translocation of the VDR to the nucleus and 1,25(OH)2D3-induced up-regulation of CYP24A1.	Vitamin A	33-42	cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	153-160
34068244-1	2021	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a transporter of vitamin A that is secreted mainly by hepatocytes and adipocytes.	Vitamin A	53-62	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
34066767-8	2021	Conversely, genes involved in retinol signaling were upregulated (rbp4, stra6, nr2f5), potentially favoring growth by suppressing insulin responses.	Vitamin A	30-37	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	66-70
34066767-8	2021	Conversely, genes involved in retinol signaling were upregulated (rbp4, stra6, nr2f5), potentially favoring growth by suppressing insulin responses.	Vitamin A	30-37	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Danio rerio	72-77
34066767-8	2021	Conversely, genes involved in retinol signaling were upregulated (rbp4, stra6, nr2f5), potentially favoring growth by suppressing insulin responses.	Vitamin A	30-37	nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 5	Danio rerio	79-84
34764797-7	2021	Recent literature data indicate that vitamin A and its metabolites modulate the balance between Th1 and Th2 immunity.	Vitamin A	37-46	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	96-99
35631143-3	2022	Vitamin A (syn.	Vitamin A	0-9	synemin	Homo sapiens	11-14
35533980-1	2022	Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2, also known as cellular retinol-binding protein 2 (CRBP2)) is a member of the fatty acid-binding protein family and has been extensively studied for its role in facilitating dietary vitamin A (retinol) uptake and metabolism within enterocytes of the small intestine.	Vitamin A	214-223	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	0-25
35533980-1	2022	Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2, also known as cellular retinol-binding protein 2 (CRBP2)) is a member of the fatty acid-binding protein family and has been extensively studied for its role in facilitating dietary vitamin A (retinol) uptake and metabolism within enterocytes of the small intestine.	Vitamin A	214-223	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	27-31
35533980-1	2022	Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2, also known as cellular retinol-binding protein 2 (CRBP2)) is a member of the fatty acid-binding protein family and has been extensively studied for its role in facilitating dietary vitamin A (retinol) uptake and metabolism within enterocytes of the small intestine.	Vitamin A	214-223	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	47-81
35533980-1	2022	Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2, also known as cellular retinol-binding protein 2 (CRBP2)) is a member of the fatty acid-binding protein family and has been extensively studied for its role in facilitating dietary vitamin A (retinol) uptake and metabolism within enterocytes of the small intestine.	Vitamin A	214-223	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	83-88
35533980-1	2022	Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2, also known as cellular retinol-binding protein 2 (CRBP2)) is a member of the fatty acid-binding protein family and has been extensively studied for its role in facilitating dietary vitamin A (retinol) uptake and metabolism within enterocytes of the small intestine.	Vitamin A	225-232	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	0-25
35533980-1	2022	Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2, also known as cellular retinol-binding protein 2 (CRBP2)) is a member of the fatty acid-binding protein family and has been extensively studied for its role in facilitating dietary vitamin A (retinol) uptake and metabolism within enterocytes of the small intestine.	Vitamin A	225-232	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	27-31
35533980-1	2022	Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2, also known as cellular retinol-binding protein 2 (CRBP2)) is a member of the fatty acid-binding protein family and has been extensively studied for its role in facilitating dietary vitamin A (retinol) uptake and metabolism within enterocytes of the small intestine.	Vitamin A	225-232	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	47-81
35533980-1	2022	Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2, also known as cellular retinol-binding protein 2 (CRBP2)) is a member of the fatty acid-binding protein family and has been extensively studied for its role in facilitating dietary vitamin A (retinol) uptake and metabolism within enterocytes of the small intestine.	Vitamin A	225-232	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	83-88
35533980-4	2022	Crystallographic studies reveal that retinol, 2-AG, or other long-chain MAGs alternatively can bind in the retinol-binding pocket of RBP2.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	133-137
35533980-4	2022	Crystallographic studies reveal that retinol, 2-AG, or other long-chain MAGs alternatively can bind in the retinol-binding pocket of RBP2.	Vitamin A	107-114	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	133-137
35239084-8	2022	For Vitamin A, we observed a significant positive association between RBP and length-for-age (LAZ) at birth (beta = 0.12, p < 0.030).	Vitamin A	4-13	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	70-73
35623848-6	2022	The bioactive compounds including luteolin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, lycopene, quercetin, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E in FBV significantly lowered TNF-alpha production, CCL2 production, IL-1beta production, and reactive oxygen species production.	Vitamin A	104-113	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	168-177
35623848-6	2022	The bioactive compounds including luteolin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, lycopene, quercetin, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E in FBV significantly lowered TNF-alpha production, CCL2 production, IL-1beta production, and reactive oxygen species production.	Vitamin A	104-113	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	190-194
35260975-7	2022	Among them, SLC25A24 and RAB3IL1 are involved in angiogenesis, HIF1A and FOXC2-AS1 are related with the alveolus, MAGI2-AS3 is associated with the diaphragm, LHX4 and DHH are linked with the lung, and BRINP1, FZD9, WNT4, and BLOC1S1-RDH5 are involved in retinol.	Vitamin A	254-261	solute carrier family 25 member 24	Homo sapiens	12-20
35260975-7	2022	Among them, SLC25A24 and RAB3IL1 are involved in angiogenesis, HIF1A and FOXC2-AS1 are related with the alveolus, MAGI2-AS3 is associated with the diaphragm, LHX4 and DHH are linked with the lung, and BRINP1, FZD9, WNT4, and BLOC1S1-RDH5 are involved in retinol.	Vitamin A	254-261	RAB3A interacting protein like 1	Homo sapiens	25-32
35260975-7	2022	Among them, SLC25A24 and RAB3IL1 are involved in angiogenesis, HIF1A and FOXC2-AS1 are related with the alveolus, MAGI2-AS3 is associated with the diaphragm, LHX4 and DHH are linked with the lung, and BRINP1, FZD9, WNT4, and BLOC1S1-RDH5 are involved in retinol.	Vitamin A	254-261	membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	114-119
34973067-1	2022	PURPOSE: In the Netherlands, margarines and other plant-based fats (fortified fats) are encouraged to be fortified with vitamin A and D, by a covenant between the Ministry of Health and food manufacturers.	Vitamin A	120-129	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	62-66
34973067-1	2022	PURPOSE: In the Netherlands, margarines and other plant-based fats (fortified fats) are encouraged to be fortified with vitamin A and D, by a covenant between the Ministry of Health and food manufacturers.	Vitamin A	120-129	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	78-82
34973067-13	2022	CONCLUSION: Consumption of fortified fats in the Netherlands resulted into higher vitamin A and D-intakes among users, compared to non-users of these products.	Vitamin A	82-91	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	37-41
35634391-1	2022	Background: As a fat-soluble vitamin, vitamin A plays a crucial role in adipogenesis, lipolysis, insulin resistance, and obesity.	Vitamin A	38-47	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
35594692-2	2022	Results showed that vitamin A administration increased the intramuscular PDGFRalpha+ adipose progenitors, improved adipogenic potential of intramuscular SVF cells and dramatically upregulated VEGFA.	Vitamin A	20-29	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	192-197
35594692-6	2022	In conclusion, vitamin A/RA upregulate VEGFA and stimulate intramuscular vascular capillary development, which increases intramuscular adipose progenitors and contributes to adipocyte formation.	Vitamin A	15-24	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	39-44
35631143-5	2022	The main function of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), synthesized in the liver, is to transport hydrophobic vitamin A to various tissues.	Vitamin A	109-118	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	21-46
35631143-5	2022	The main function of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), synthesized in the liver, is to transport hydrophobic vitamin A to various tissues.	Vitamin A	109-118	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	48-52
35514037-13	2022	Bakuchiol and retinol application led to a significant augmentation of COL1A1, COL7A1 and FN protein levels.	Vitamin A	14-21	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	71-77
35514037-13	2022	Bakuchiol and retinol application led to a significant augmentation of COL1A1, COL7A1 and FN protein levels.	Vitamin A	14-21	collagen type VII alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	79-85
35514037-13	2022	Bakuchiol and retinol application led to a significant augmentation of COL1A1, COL7A1 and FN protein levels.	Vitamin A	14-21	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	90-92
35514037-17	2022	Its activity profile shares some common features with retinol but demonstrates several hitherto unknown biopositive effects in our studies, namely stimulation of the critical extracellular matrix component FN, and accelerated epidermal regeneration and wound healing.	Vitamin A	54-61	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	206-208
35158041-5	2022	We found that dietary beta-carotene impacted intestinal vitamin A status, barrier integrity and inflammation in both WT and Lrat-/-Rbp-/- (vitamin A deficient) mice on the vitamin A-free diet.	Vitamin A	139-148	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	124-128
35158041-5	2022	We found that dietary beta-carotene impacted intestinal vitamin A status, barrier integrity and inflammation in both WT and Lrat-/-Rbp-/- (vitamin A deficient) mice on the vitamin A-free diet.	Vitamin A	139-148	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	131-134
35471581-9	2022	These data give further understanding on the molecular mechanisms of RAB28-associated CRD, highlighting roles of Rab28 in both peaks of OSP, in vitamin A metabolism and in retinoid recycling.	Vitamin A	144-153	RAB28, member RAS oncogene family	Danio rerio	69-74
35565751-1	2022	Cellular retinoic acid binding proteins (CRABP1 and CRABP2) bind all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, with high affinity.	Vitamin A	122-131	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	41-47
35565751-1	2022	Cellular retinoic acid binding proteins (CRABP1 and CRABP2) bind all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, with high affinity.	Vitamin A	122-131	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	52-58
35456012-5	2022	Retinol saturase (RetSat) initiates the formation of various dihydroretinoids, a group of vitamin A derivatives that regulate transcription by activating retinoid receptors.	Vitamin A	90-99	retinol saturase (all trans retinol 13,14 reductase)	Mus musculus	0-16
35452666-5	2022	We observed that ISX-deficiency increased utilization of both preformed and pro-vitamin A.	Vitamin A	76-89	intestine specific homeobox	Mus musculus	17-20
35493071-0	2022	Retinol Binding Protein 7 Promotes Adipogenesis in vitro and Regulates Expression of Genes Involved in Retinol Metabolism.	Vitamin A	103-110	retinol binding protein 7, cellular	Mus musculus	0-25
35493071-9	2022	Rbp7 overexpression significantly increased expression of Raldh1, responsible for RA production, and up-regulation of Lrat and Cyp26a1, involved in retinol storage and RA catabolism, respectively, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Vitamin A	148-155	retinol binding protein 7, cellular	Mus musculus	0-4
35493071-9	2022	Rbp7 overexpression significantly increased expression of Raldh1, responsible for RA production, and up-regulation of Lrat and Cyp26a1, involved in retinol storage and RA catabolism, respectively, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Vitamin A	148-155	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	118-122
35493071-9	2022	Rbp7 overexpression significantly increased expression of Raldh1, responsible for RA production, and up-regulation of Lrat and Cyp26a1, involved in retinol storage and RA catabolism, respectively, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.	Vitamin A	148-155	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	127-134
35493071-11	2022	These data suggest that RBP7 increases transcriptional activity of RARE that may induce negative feedback responses via regulation of the gene expression for retinol homeostasis.	Vitamin A	158-165	retinol binding protein 7, cellular	Mus musculus	24-28
35456012-5	2022	Retinol saturase (RetSat) initiates the formation of various dihydroretinoids, a group of vitamin A derivatives that regulate transcription by activating retinoid receptors.	Vitamin A	90-99	retinol saturase (all trans retinol 13,14 reductase)	Mus musculus	18-24
35418672-6	2022	IgA levels in healthy individuals are under the control of the metabolism of vitamin A, providing a steady supply of RA.	Vitamin A	77-86	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	0-3
35418672-7	2022	However, IgA levels are altered in inflammatory bowel disease patients, making control of the metabolism of vitamin A a potential therapeutic target.	Vitamin A	108-117	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	9-12
35418672-8	2022	Thus, dietary vitamin A is a key player in regulating IgA production within the intestine, acting via multiple immunological pathways.	Vitamin A	14-23	CD79a molecule	Homo sapiens	54-57
35159132-3	2022	Retinol is first converted to retinaldehyde by retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and then to RA by all three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	47-71
35389495-7	2022	However, if vitamin A intake was also restricted in 1, 2, or 3 meals before sampling, SAm / SAp (mean+-SD) was 0.92+-0.042, 0.96+-0.016, or 0.99+-0.004, respectively; results for days 14 and 28 were similar.	Vitamin A	12-21	acyl-CoA synthetase medium chain family member 3	Homo sapiens	92-95
35253263-4	2022	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type 1 (CRBP1), encoded by retinol-binding protein, type 1 (Rbp1), regulates RA homeostasis by delivering vitamin A to enzymes for RA synthesis and protecting it from non-specific oxidation.	Vitamin A	140-149	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	61-92
35253263-4	2022	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type 1 (CRBP1), encoded by retinol-binding protein, type 1 (Rbp1), regulates RA homeostasis by delivering vitamin A to enzymes for RA synthesis and protecting it from non-specific oxidation.	Vitamin A	140-149	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	94-98
35464265-2	2022	BCX can be metabolized through beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) and beta-carotene-9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2) cleavage pathways to produce both vitamin A and apo-carotenoids, respectively, which are considered important signaling molecules in a variety of biological processes.	Vitamin A	145-154	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	63-67
35464265-2	2022	BCX can be metabolized through beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) and beta-carotene-9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2) cleavage pathways to produce both vitamin A and apo-carotenoids, respectively, which are considered important signaling molecules in a variety of biological processes.	Vitamin A	145-154	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	105-109
35014100-1	2022	Retinol-binding protein (RBP4) plays an important role in the transport and metabolism of retinol.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol-binding protein 4	Camelus bactrianus	25-29
35014100-1	2022	Retinol-binding protein (RBP4) plays an important role in the transport and metabolism of retinol.	Vitamin A	90-97	retinol-binding protein 4	Camelus bactrianus	25-29
35386280-12	2022	GSEA revealed samples with MDN1 mutation enriched in retinol metabolism, drug metabolism cytochrome P450, glucuronidation, miscellaneous transport, and binding event pathways.	Vitamin A	53-60	midasin AAA ATPase 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
35236271-4	2022	ADAM10 is the main alpha-secretase that cleaves APP, and it is regulated by the metabolic product of vitamin A (retinoic acid), which is being widely used recently in AD research as a target for treatment.	Vitamin A	101-110	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
35066375-1	2022	Here, we found that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the most biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, strengthens the anti-viral defense mechanism of E6-associated protein (E6AP) that downregulates hepatitis C virus (HCV) Core levels via ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation.	Vitamin A	95-104	ubiquitin protein ligase E3A	Homo sapiens	177-181
35195241-4	2022	Here, we present a case report of a patient with RP caused by a p.D190N mutation in Rhodopsin (RHO) associated with abnormally high quantitative autofluorescence values after long-term vitamin A supplementation.	Vitamin A	185-194	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	84-93
35208214-6	2022	Second, among the eight members of cytochrome P450 superfamily that have been suggested to be involved in the oxidation of isoprenols and/or retinol in previous studies, only the CYP3A4 gene significantly upregulated its cellular mRNA level in Hep3B/MAOB-KO cells.	Vitamin A	141-148	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	179-185
35208214-6	2022	Second, among the eight members of cytochrome P450 superfamily that have been suggested to be involved in the oxidation of isoprenols and/or retinol in previous studies, only the CYP3A4 gene significantly upregulated its cellular mRNA level in Hep3B/MAOB-KO cells.	Vitamin A	141-148	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	250-254
35514037-10	2022	Levels of PGE2 and MIF were significantly decreased by both bakuchiol and retinol.	Vitamin A	74-81	macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Homo sapiens	19-22
35352994-2	2022	Retinol forms a complex with retinol binding protein (RBP) at a ratio of 1:1 and is thus transported in the serum.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	29-52
35352994-2	2022	Retinol forms a complex with retinol binding protein (RBP) at a ratio of 1:1 and is thus transported in the serum.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	54-57
35352994-3	2022	RBP is easily measured in serum to provide information on retinol and vitamin A concentrations.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
35352994-3	2022	RBP is easily measured in serum to provide information on retinol and vitamin A concentrations.	Vitamin A	70-79	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
35018747-10	2022	IL-6 was positively correlated, while IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha were negatively correlated, with retinol and 25OHD.	Vitamin A	97-104	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-4
35018747-10	2022	IL-6 was positively correlated, while IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha were negatively correlated, with retinol and 25OHD.	Vitamin A	97-104	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	54-63
35406069-2	2022	Acting through the retinoic acid receptors RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma, all-trans-retinoic acid, an active metabolite of VA, is a potent regulator of numerous biological pathways, including embryonic and somatic cellular differentiation, immune functions, and energy metabolism.	Vitamin A	125-127	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	43-51
35406069-2	2022	Acting through the retinoic acid receptors RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma, all-trans-retinoic acid, an active metabolite of VA, is a potent regulator of numerous biological pathways, including embryonic and somatic cellular differentiation, immune functions, and energy metabolism.	Vitamin A	125-127	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	53-60
35406069-2	2022	Acting through the retinoic acid receptors RARalpha, RARbeta, and RARgamma, all-trans-retinoic acid, an active metabolite of VA, is a potent regulator of numerous biological pathways, including embryonic and somatic cellular differentiation, immune functions, and energy metabolism.	Vitamin A	125-127	retinoic acid receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	66-74
35425797-8	2022	Mediation analysis showed that increased homeostasis model assessment - insulin resistance HOMA-IR, triglycerides (TG), and serum xanthine oxidase (XO) activity could account for 8.5, 14.7, and 12.1% of the total effects of serum retinol on type 2 diabetes, respectively.	Vitamin A	230-237	insulin	Homo sapiens	72-79
35425797-11	2022	Overall, elevated serum retinol might increase the risk of type 2 diabetes which is mainly mediated by increased insulin resistance, TG, or serum XO activity.	Vitamin A	24-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
35015002-8	2022	Path analyses showed that vitamin A was positively associated with the serum retinol-binding protein 4, triglycerides, insulin resistance, and body mass index (standardized beta 0.065-0.304, all p < 0.001), and all of these factors positively correlated with the prevalence and progression of NAFLD (standardized beta 0.045-0.384, all p < 0.01).	Vitamin A	26-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	119-126
35015002-9	2022	Conclusions: A higher serum vitamin A concentration was associated with NAFLD progression, which might be mediated by increases in the serum retinol-binding protein 4, triglycerides, insulin resistance, and body mass index.	Vitamin A	28-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	183-190
35159132-3	2022	Retinol is first converted to retinaldehyde by retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and then to RA by all three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	73-78
35159132-3	2022	Retinol is first converted to retinaldehyde by retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and then to RA by all three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3).	Vitamin A	0-7	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	138-145
35159132-3	2022	Retinol is first converted to retinaldehyde by retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and then to RA by all three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3).	Vitamin A	0-7	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	147-154
35159132-3	2022	Retinol is first converted to retinaldehyde by retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and then to RA by all three retinaldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH1A1, ALDH1A2, and ALDH1A3).	Vitamin A	0-7	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A3	Mus musculus	160-167
35096612-10	2021	In the finasteride arm, stronger associations were observed among men with lower serum lycopene for NOS3-rs1799983, higher serum alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin for LIG3-rs1052536, or lower serum retinol for SOD2-rs1799725.	Vitamin A	218-225	DNA ligase 3	Homo sapiens	187-191
35315865-8	2022	Expression of apoptotic genes BAX and Casp 3 were higher in the vitrified group, and vitrification with 5 muM retinol (Group 4) is comparable to the control fresh.	Vitamin A	110-117	apoptosis regulator BAX	Ovis aries	30-33
34991486-3	2022	The second of these three SNPs (rs80912566, C > T) affected a putative retinol response element in the SCD promoter.	Vitamin A	71-78	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Sus scrofa	103-106
34991486-5	2022	This study aims to investigate changes in the muscle transcriptome in SCD rs80912566 TT and CC pigs fed with and without a vitamin A supplement during the fattening period.	Vitamin A	123-132	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Sus scrofa	70-73
34991486-8	2022	The diet lacking the vitamin A supplement enlarged fatty acid compositional differences between SCD genotypes, partly because vitamin A had a bigger effect on fatty acid desaturation in SCD-CC pigs (positive) than in SCD-TT and SCD-TC animals (negative).	Vitamin A	126-135	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Sus scrofa	96-99
34991486-8	2022	The diet lacking the vitamin A supplement enlarged fatty acid compositional differences between SCD genotypes, partly because vitamin A had a bigger effect on fatty acid desaturation in SCD-CC pigs (positive) than in SCD-TT and SCD-TC animals (negative).	Vitamin A	126-135	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Sus scrofa	186-189
34991486-12	2022	Vitamin A activated general pathways of retinol response in a SCD genotype-dependant manner, which affected the monounsaturated fatty acid content, particularly in SCD-CC pigs.	Vitamin A	0-9	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Sus scrofa	62-65
34991486-12	2022	Vitamin A activated general pathways of retinol response in a SCD genotype-dependant manner, which affected the monounsaturated fatty acid content, particularly in SCD-CC pigs.	Vitamin A	0-9	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Sus scrofa	164-167
34991486-12	2022	Vitamin A activated general pathways of retinol response in a SCD genotype-dependant manner, which affected the monounsaturated fatty acid content, particularly in SCD-CC pigs.	Vitamin A	40-47	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Sus scrofa	62-65
34991486-12	2022	Vitamin A activated general pathways of retinol response in a SCD genotype-dependant manner, which affected the monounsaturated fatty acid content, particularly in SCD-CC pigs.	Vitamin A	40-47	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Sus scrofa	164-167
35315865-9	2022	Expressions of other apoptosis-related genes (i.e., BCL2L1, BAD and BAK) showed significant difference between the control fresh group and the vitrification group with 5 muM retinol.	Vitamin A	174-181	bcl-2-like protein 1	Ovis aries	52-58
35315865-9	2022	Expressions of other apoptosis-related genes (i.e., BCL2L1, BAD and BAK) showed significant difference between the control fresh group and the vitrification group with 5 muM retinol.	Vitamin A	174-181	bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer	Ovis aries	68-71
35315865-11	2022	The expression of development competence genes GDF-9 and BMP-15 were higher (P < 0.05) in the Group vitrified with 5 muM retinol.	Vitamin A	121-128	growth/differentiation factor 9	Ovis aries	47-52
35315865-11	2022	The expression of development competence genes GDF-9 and BMP-15 were higher (P < 0.05) in the Group vitrified with 5 muM retinol.	Vitamin A	121-128	bone morphogenetic protein 15	Ovis aries	57-63
35306905-2	2022	BCMO1 is expressed in various human tissues and is considered to be a key enzyme that converts BC into vitamin A.	Vitamin A	103-112	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
2611252-0	1989	Characteristics of retinol accumulation from serum retinol-binding protein by cultured Sertoli cells.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-74
35235474-16	2022	Conclusions: miR-21-5p may target at ADH7, RDH12 and participate in regulation of retinol metabolism, which might affect the prognosis of HNSCC.	Vitamin A	82-89	microRNA 215	Homo sapiens	13-22
2611252-1	1989	The uptake of retinol was examined in cultured Sertoli cells when retinol was provided as a complex with the transport protein retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	127-150
2611252-1	1989	The uptake of retinol was examined in cultured Sertoli cells when retinol was provided as a complex with the transport protein retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	152-155
2611252-1	1989	The uptake of retinol was examined in cultured Sertoli cells when retinol was provided as a complex with the transport protein retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	127-150
2611252-1	1989	The uptake of retinol was examined in cultured Sertoli cells when retinol was provided as a complex with the transport protein retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	152-155
2611252-7	1989	Excess unlabeled retinol-RBP competed with [3H]retinol-RBP for [3H]retinol delivery to the cells, indicating that RBP delivery of retinol was a saturable and competable process.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
2611252-7	1989	Excess unlabeled retinol-RBP competed with [3H]retinol-RBP for [3H]retinol delivery to the cells, indicating that RBP delivery of retinol was a saturable and competable process.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	55-58
2611252-7	1989	Excess unlabeled retinol-RBP competed with [3H]retinol-RBP for [3H]retinol delivery to the cells, indicating that RBP delivery of retinol was a saturable and competable process.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	55-58
2611252-7	1989	Excess unlabeled retinol-RBP competed with [3H]retinol-RBP for [3H]retinol delivery to the cells, indicating that RBP delivery of retinol was a saturable and competable process.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	55-58
2611252-7	1989	Excess unlabeled retinol-RBP competed with [3H]retinol-RBP for [3H]retinol delivery to the cells, indicating that RBP delivery of retinol was a saturable and competable process.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	55-58
2611252-7	1989	Excess unlabeled retinol-RBP competed with [3H]retinol-RBP for [3H]retinol delivery to the cells, indicating that RBP delivery of retinol was a saturable and competable process.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	55-58
2611252-7	1989	Excess unlabeled retinol-RBP competed with [3H]retinol-RBP for [3H]retinol delivery to the cells, indicating that RBP delivery of retinol was a saturable and competable process.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	55-58
2611252-9	1989	The transport constant for specific retinol accumulation from RBP was 3.0 microM, suggesting that any change in the normal circulating retinol-RBP level (approximately 2 microM) would directly affect the rate of retinol accumulation.	Vitamin A	36-43	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	62-65
2611252-9	1989	The transport constant for specific retinol accumulation from RBP was 3.0 microM, suggesting that any change in the normal circulating retinol-RBP level (approximately 2 microM) would directly affect the rate of retinol accumulation.	Vitamin A	36-43	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	143-146
2611252-9	1989	The transport constant for specific retinol accumulation from RBP was 3.0 microM, suggesting that any change in the normal circulating retinol-RBP level (approximately 2 microM) would directly affect the rate of retinol accumulation.	Vitamin A	135-142	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	62-65
2611252-9	1989	The transport constant for specific retinol accumulation from RBP was 3.0 microM, suggesting that any change in the normal circulating retinol-RBP level (approximately 2 microM) would directly affect the rate of retinol accumulation.	Vitamin A	135-142	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	143-146
2611252-9	1989	The transport constant for specific retinol accumulation from RBP was 3.0 microM, suggesting that any change in the normal circulating retinol-RBP level (approximately 2 microM) would directly affect the rate of retinol accumulation.	Vitamin A	135-142	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	62-65
2611252-9	1989	The transport constant for specific retinol accumulation from RBP was 3.0 microM, suggesting that any change in the normal circulating retinol-RBP level (approximately 2 microM) would directly affect the rate of retinol accumulation.	Vitamin A	135-142	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	143-146
2611252-11	1989	In addition, energy inhibitors and lysosomal poisons had no effect on [3H]retinol accumulation, indicating that RBP delivery of retinol to Sertoli cells did not occur by endocytosis of the retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	128-135	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	112-115
2611252-11	1989	In addition, energy inhibitors and lysosomal poisons had no effect on [3H]retinol accumulation, indicating that RBP delivery of retinol to Sertoli cells did not occur by endocytosis of the retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	128-135	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	112-115
2611253-0	1989	Retinol esterification in Sertoli cells by lecithin-retinol acyltransferase.	Vitamin A	0-7	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	43-75
2611253-5	1989	However, in the absence of exogenous acyl-CoA, retinol was esterified by a different activity in a manner similar to the lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) activity described recently for liver and intestine.	Vitamin A	47-54	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	121-153
2611253-7	1989	LRAT utilized an endogenous acyl donor and either unbound retinol or retinol complexed with cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) to catalyze the synthesis of retinyl linoleate, retinyl oleate, retinyl palmitate, and retinyl stearate.	Vitamin A	69-76	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	92-124
2611253-11	1989	Furthermore, retinol bound to CRBP, a protein known to be present in Sertoli cells, was not an effective substrate for testicular ARAT.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
2555241-9	1989	Considered together, the presence of CRBP and CRABP in a beta-cell line and the increase in KCl-induced insulin release by retinol and retinoic acid are consistent with the idea that retinol has a functional role in insulin secretion and suggest a potential mechanism of action at the beta-cell level similar to that observed in other retinoid-responsive cells.	Vitamin A	183-190	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
2611253-7	1989	LRAT utilized an endogenous acyl donor and either unbound retinol or retinol complexed with cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) to catalyze the synthesis of retinyl linoleate, retinyl oleate, retinyl palmitate, and retinyl stearate.	Vitamin A	69-76	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	126-130
2513446-1	1989	The effects of vitamin A deficiency on the pituitary-gonadal function were examined by measurements of serum and pituitary level of pituitary hormones and serum testosterone concentration, and by investigations of histological changes in the testis and the pituitary gland in vitamin A-deficient (VAD) and supplemented (VAS) rats.	Vitamin A	15-24	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	320-323
2572599-0	1989	Retinol-induced morphological changes of cultured bovine endothelial cells are accompanied by a marked increase in transglutaminase.	Vitamin A	0-7	protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2	Cavia porcellus	115-131
2572599-1	1989	Retinol, a morphogen, has been shown to induce morphological changes in vascular endothelial cells, accompanied by an acute and specific accumulation of an 80-kDa protein; purification and characterization of this retinol-induced protein (RIP) have revealed that it is a transglutaminase.	Vitamin A	0-7	protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2	Cavia porcellus	271-287
2592294-4	1989	All-trans retinol was also tested for its effect on the frequency of anchorage-independent growth induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and was found to decrease this growth.	Vitamin A	10-17	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	109-139
2592294-4	1989	All-trans retinol was also tested for its effect on the frequency of anchorage-independent growth induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and was found to decrease this growth.	Vitamin A	10-17	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	141-145
2554331-9	1989	First, all of the tissues that are known to be teratogenic targets of retinoic acid and retinol also express CRABP and CRBP transcripts.	Vitamin A	88-95	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	119-123
2799829-7	1989	Analysis of the amount of serum retinol binding protein (RBP) by gel-permeation chromatography revealed an 150% increase in the free fraction of retinol-RBP, i.e., uncoupled to transthyretin (TTR), in serum of TCDD-treated rats.	Vitamin A	32-39	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
2619743-1	1989	Feeding of vitamin A-deficient diet to male weanling rats for 10 weeks caused significant increase in the activities of Phase I enzyme system, i.e., cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5 and arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase in the proximal, middle and distal segments of the intestine.	Vitamin A	11-20	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-165
2619743-1	1989	Feeding of vitamin A-deficient diet to male weanling rats for 10 weeks caused significant increase in the activities of Phase I enzyme system, i.e., cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5 and arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase in the proximal, middle and distal segments of the intestine.	Vitamin A	11-20	cytochrome b5 type A	Rattus norvegicus	167-180
2509230-0	1989	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein: role in delivery of retinol to the pigment epithelium.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	0-43
2509230-1	1989	The ability of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) to facilitate the incorporation of retinol into retinyl esters by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was examined in toad (Bufo marinus) eyecup preparations devoid of neural retina (RPE-eyecup).	Vitamin A	101-108	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	15-58
2509230-1	1989	The ability of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) to facilitate the incorporation of retinol into retinyl esters by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was examined in toad (Bufo marinus) eyecup preparations devoid of neural retina (RPE-eyecup).	Vitamin A	101-108	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	60-64
2509230-9	1989	The data are consistent with the hypothesized role of IRBP as a carrier of retinol between the retina and RPE in the operation of the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	75-82	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	54-58
2506267-1	1989	The photoreceptors of the neural retina require retinol for synthesis of rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	48-55	rhodopsin	Rattus norvegicus	73-82
2506267-2	1989	In the plasma, retinol is bound to retinol binding protein which is carried by transthyretin (TTR; formerly called prealbumin).	Vitamin A	15-22	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	79-92
2506267-2	1989	In the plasma, retinol is bound to retinol binding protein which is carried by transthyretin (TTR; formerly called prealbumin).	Vitamin A	15-22	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
2506267-2	1989	In the plasma, retinol is bound to retinol binding protein which is carried by transthyretin (TTR; formerly called prealbumin).	Vitamin A	35-42	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	79-92
2506267-2	1989	In the plasma, retinol is bound to retinol binding protein which is carried by transthyretin (TTR; formerly called prealbumin).	Vitamin A	35-42	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
2774209-1	1989	Vitamin A-containing lipid droplets in the hepatocytes of rat liver were found to be exocytotically released from the cells in the form of a "lipid droplet--retinol-binding protein (RBP)--immunoreactive complex" following intraportal injection of retinol (17, 33, 67, or 100 micrograms).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	148-180
2774209-1	1989	Vitamin A-containing lipid droplets in the hepatocytes of rat liver were found to be exocytotically released from the cells in the form of a "lipid droplet--retinol-binding protein (RBP)--immunoreactive complex" following intraportal injection of retinol (17, 33, 67, or 100 micrograms).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	182-185
2774209-1	1989	Vitamin A-containing lipid droplets in the hepatocytes of rat liver were found to be exocytotically released from the cells in the form of a "lipid droplet--retinol-binding protein (RBP)--immunoreactive complex" following intraportal injection of retinol (17, 33, 67, or 100 micrograms).	Vitamin A	157-164	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	182-185
2551804-9	1989	The percentage of the liver volume occupied by foci was significantly greater in the low-vitamin A with 345-HBB group than in the corresponding high-vitamin A group.	Vitamin A	89-98	hemoglobin subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
2551804-10	1989	Thus, high dietary levels of vitamin A had some inhibitory effect on the promotion of hepatic-altered foci by 345-HBB in initiated rats.	Vitamin A	29-38	hemoglobin subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
2546159-3	1989	Further, the induction of alkaline phosphatase by retinol in these cells was blocked by treatment with 30 microM antisense oligo(dN) to cRBP or hnRAR but not by 30 microM of sense oligo(dN) to cRBP.	Vitamin A	50-57	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	136-140
2546159-3	1989	Further, the induction of alkaline phosphatase by retinol in these cells was blocked by treatment with 30 microM antisense oligo(dN) to cRBP or hnRAR but not by 30 microM of sense oligo(dN) to cRBP.	Vitamin A	50-57	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	193-197
2588335-3	1989	The retinol-binding with mucin glycolipoprotein threads, probably, occurs like the lipid-lipid interaction; neutral carbohydrates do not participate in this process.	Vitamin A	4-11	mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming	Gallus gallus	25-30
2542008-4	1989	Insulin and retinol stimulated both transferrin and ABP synthesis in a similar manner.	Vitamin A	12-19	transferrin	Homo sapiens	36-47
2542008-4	1989	Insulin and retinol stimulated both transferrin and ABP synthesis in a similar manner.	Vitamin A	12-19	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	52-55
2542008-6	1989	Maximum stimulation of both transferrin and ABP production occurred when Sertoli cell cultures were treated with a combination of FSH, insulin, and retinol, which resulted in a greater than 4-fold stimulation of synthesis and 2-fold stimulation of gene expression.	Vitamin A	148-155	transferrin	Homo sapiens	28-39
2542008-6	1989	Maximum stimulation of both transferrin and ABP production occurred when Sertoli cell cultures were treated with a combination of FSH, insulin, and retinol, which resulted in a greater than 4-fold stimulation of synthesis and 2-fold stimulation of gene expression.	Vitamin A	148-155	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	44-47
2542008-16	1989	In addition, data obtained with insulin and retinol indicate that transferrin and ABP production can be similarly regulated with cAMP-independent signal transduction mechanisms.	Vitamin A	44-51	transferrin	Homo sapiens	66-77
2542008-16	1989	In addition, data obtained with insulin and retinol indicate that transferrin and ABP production can be similarly regulated with cAMP-independent signal transduction mechanisms.	Vitamin A	44-51	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	82-85
2676998-2	1989	Rat cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) is a 15.6-kDa intestinal protein which binds all-trans-retinol and all-trans-retinal but not all-trans-retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	41-48
2474541-2	1989	In the presence of tunicamycin, keratinocytes incorporated [3H]glucosamine into a vitamin A-regulated acidic 53-kDa component of the cytoskeleton which was identified as cytokeratin 13 by one- and two-dimensional immunoblotting with specific monoclonal antibodies.	Vitamin A	82-91	keratin 13	Homo sapiens	170-184
2547078-4	1989	Compared with patients having tumors poor in estrogen receptor (ER), those having ER-rich tumors (greater than or equal to 0.10 fmol/microgram of DNA) were older (P less than .01) and reported carbohydrate intake yielding higher E% (percentage of total energy intake) (P less than .01) and higher retinol intake per 10 MJ (P less than .05).	Vitamin A	297-304	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	82-84
2547078-5	1989	The OR for having an ER-rich tumor was 1.58 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-2.31) for each 1-mg increase in retinol intake per 10 MJ; 1.09 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.16) for each additional year of age; and 1.08 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.13) for each 1% increment in E% from carbohydrates.	Vitamin A	107-114	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	21-23
2756919-4	1989	The serum levels of vitamin A in the diabetic patients as well as in the control subjects showed a significant linear regression with serum concentrations of RBP.	Vitamin A	20-29	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	158-161
2756920-3	1989	Retinol was significantly associated with hematocrit, serum Fe, transferrin, ferritin, and saturation of transferrin (%ST).	Vitamin A	0-7	transferrin	Homo sapiens	64-75
2756920-3	1989	Retinol was significantly associated with hematocrit, serum Fe, transferrin, ferritin, and saturation of transferrin (%ST).	Vitamin A	0-7	transferrin	Homo sapiens	105-116
2759191-3	1989	Following oral supplementation with vitamin A there was a rapid partial recovery of both rhodopsin levels and rod sensitivity.	Vitamin A	36-45	rhodopsin	Felis catus	89-98
2525480-4	1989	Intravitreal injection of [3H]-retinol also labeled the rhodopsin in the RER under conditions in which the rhodopsin in the ROS was not heavily labeled.	Vitamin A	31-38	rhodopsin	Rattus norvegicus	56-65
2525480-4	1989	Intravitreal injection of [3H]-retinol also labeled the rhodopsin in the RER under conditions in which the rhodopsin in the ROS was not heavily labeled.	Vitamin A	31-38	rhodopsin	Rattus norvegicus	107-116
2653855-0	1989	Endogenous beta-galactoside-binding lectin expression is suppressed in retinol-induced mucous metaplasia of chick embryonic epidermis.	Vitamin A	71-78	galectin 1A	Gallus gallus	11-42
2653855-3	1989	However, the protein lectin in the epidermis disappeared when the cultured skin was treated with vitamin A and mucous metaplasia was observed.	Vitamin A	97-106	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	21-27
2653855-4	1989	The synthesis of lectin mRNA was also strongly suppressed by vitamin A in a concentration-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	61-70	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	17-23
2653855-6	1989	These results indicated that the lectin was expressed in the keratinized epidermis but that its expression was suppressed in vitamin A-induced mucous-secreting epithelium.	Vitamin A	125-134	galectin 3	Gallus gallus	33-39
2799829-7	1989	Analysis of the amount of serum retinol binding protein (RBP) by gel-permeation chromatography revealed an 150% increase in the free fraction of retinol-RBP, i.e., uncoupled to transthyretin (TTR), in serum of TCDD-treated rats.	Vitamin A	32-39	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	153-156
2799829-7	1989	Analysis of the amount of serum retinol binding protein (RBP) by gel-permeation chromatography revealed an 150% increase in the free fraction of retinol-RBP, i.e., uncoupled to transthyretin (TTR), in serum of TCDD-treated rats.	Vitamin A	32-39	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	192-195
2799829-7	1989	Analysis of the amount of serum retinol binding protein (RBP) by gel-permeation chromatography revealed an 150% increase in the free fraction of retinol-RBP, i.e., uncoupled to transthyretin (TTR), in serum of TCDD-treated rats.	Vitamin A	145-152	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
2799829-7	1989	Analysis of the amount of serum retinol binding protein (RBP) by gel-permeation chromatography revealed an 150% increase in the free fraction of retinol-RBP, i.e., uncoupled to transthyretin (TTR), in serum of TCDD-treated rats.	Vitamin A	145-152	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	153-156
2723828-5	1989	The activity of intestinal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH, EC 1.14.14.1) was higher in rats fed a purified diet supplemented with beta-carotene than in rats fed the control diet containing adequate vitamin A as retinyl palmitate (165 +/- 30 vs. 90 +/- 18 pmol/min x mg), P less than (0.05).	Vitamin A	201-210	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-55
2722449-2	1989	Pilocarpine and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) both stimulate protein and retinol secretion rate in a dose-dependent manner, but the concentrations of retinol and protein in the lacrimal gland fluid are independent of fluid flow at flow rates in excess of 1 microliter/min.	Vitamin A	79-86	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	16-45
2722449-2	1989	Pilocarpine and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) both stimulate protein and retinol secretion rate in a dose-dependent manner, but the concentrations of retinol and protein in the lacrimal gland fluid are independent of fluid flow at flow rates in excess of 1 microliter/min.	Vitamin A	79-86	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	47-50
2722449-2	1989	Pilocarpine and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) both stimulate protein and retinol secretion rate in a dose-dependent manner, but the concentrations of retinol and protein in the lacrimal gland fluid are independent of fluid flow at flow rates in excess of 1 microliter/min.	Vitamin A	156-163	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	47-50
2562452-5	1989	Elevated vitamin A:RBP molar ratio, mean 1.58, in the cirrhotic patients suggested that the low vitamin A level reflected a low production of RBP in the liver.	Vitamin A	9-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	142-145
2562452-5	1989	Elevated vitamin A:RBP molar ratio, mean 1.58, in the cirrhotic patients suggested that the low vitamin A level reflected a low production of RBP in the liver.	Vitamin A	96-105	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	142-145
2723828-5	1989	The activity of intestinal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH, EC 1.14.14.1) was higher in rats fed a purified diet supplemented with beta-carotene than in rats fed the control diet containing adequate vitamin A as retinyl palmitate (165 +/- 30 vs. 90 +/- 18 pmol/min x mg), P less than (0.05).	Vitamin A	201-210	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
2723828-7	1989	This AHH-enhancing effect of beta-carotene on the activity of the intestinal mucosal enzyme was not seen on the hepatic enzyme, which is consistent with the nearly complete conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A prior to reaching the liver.	Vitamin A	204-213	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
2929489-0	1989	Intestinal uptake of retinol: enhancement by bovine milk beta-lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	21-28	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	57-75
2929489-1	1989	The effect of bovine milk beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) on intestinal uptake of retinol was examined in suckling rats with the everted sac technique.	Vitamin A	75-82	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	26-44
2929489-1	1989	The effect of bovine milk beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) on intestinal uptake of retinol was examined in suckling rats with the everted sac technique.	Vitamin A	75-82	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	46-49
2929489-2	1989	Uptake of 0.06 mumol retinol/L bound to BLG (BLG-retinol) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than that of 0.06 mumol free retinol/L both in the jejunum and the ileum.	Vitamin A	21-28	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	40-43
2929489-2	1989	Uptake of 0.06 mumol retinol/L bound to BLG (BLG-retinol) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than that of 0.06 mumol free retinol/L both in the jejunum and the ileum.	Vitamin A	21-28	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	45-56
2929489-2	1989	Uptake of 0.06 mumol retinol/L bound to BLG (BLG-retinol) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than that of 0.06 mumol free retinol/L both in the jejunum and the ileum.	Vitamin A	49-56	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	40-43
2929489-3	1989	The enhancing effect of BLG on retinol uptake was specific because equimolar concentrations of bovine serum albumin and lactoferrin had no effect on retinol uptake.	Vitamin A	31-38	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	24-27
2929489-4	1989	However, serum retinol-binding protein (RBP), which shares structural and conformational similarities with BLG, also enhanced retinol uptake.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	40-43
2929489-4	1989	However, serum retinol-binding protein (RBP), which shares structural and conformational similarities with BLG, also enhanced retinol uptake.	Vitamin A	15-22	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	107-110
2929489-5	1989	BLG, BLG-retinol, and RBP-retinol all inhibited the uptake of retinol from BLG-[3H]retinol in a concentration-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	9-16	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	5-8
2929489-5	1989	BLG, BLG-retinol, and RBP-retinol all inhibited the uptake of retinol from BLG-[3H]retinol in a concentration-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	26-33	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	22-25
2929489-6	1989	Uptake of retinol from BLG-retinol was saturable (apparent Km = 5.6 mumol/L, Vmax = 22.7 nmol.g-1.5 min-1), not affected by metabolic inhibitors, and partially temperature dependent (Q10 = 2.77).	Vitamin A	10-17	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	23-34
2929489-7	1989	BLG also significantly (p less than 0.01) enhanced retinol uptake in the intestine of adult rats.	Vitamin A	51-58	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	0-3
2929489-8	1989	These results demonstrate that BLG specifically enhances intestinal uptake of retinol and suggest the possibility of a receptor for BLG-like proteins at the brush border membrane of the enterocyte.	Vitamin A	78-85	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	31-34
2493794-7	1989	Use of both vitamins together prevents the additive effect of either, alone, and vitamin A inhibits the late-phase ornithine decarboxylase response to dimethylbenzanthracene in all animals.	Vitamin A	81-90	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	115-138
2702743-1	1989	We quantified vitamin A-transporting retinol-binding protein (RBP) in serum or plasma by size-exclusion "high-performance" liquid chromatography, using a TSK 2000 column and fluorescent detection of the bound retinol.	Vitamin A	14-23	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	62-65
2702743-1	1989	We quantified vitamin A-transporting retinol-binding protein (RBP) in serum or plasma by size-exclusion "high-performance" liquid chromatography, using a TSK 2000 column and fluorescent detection of the bound retinol.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	62-65
2498040-0	1989	Activity of rhodopsin in vitamin A-deprived rats: light-dependent binding of G-protein.	Vitamin A	25-34	rhodopsin	Rattus norvegicus	12-21
2498040-1	1989	Levels of rhodopsin in the photoreceptors of Long-Evans rats were reduced by approximately 55% through dietary deprivation of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	126-135	rhodopsin	Rattus norvegicus	10-19
2498040-5	1989	The results are consistent with a normal capacity for G-activation by photoactivated rhodopsin (R*) in vitamin A-deprived animals.	Vitamin A	103-112	rhodopsin	Rattus norvegicus	85-94
2543582-3	1989	We found increased CRABP after daily application during 4 days of natural or synthetic retinoids (RA, acitretin, isotretinoin, Ro137410, retinol), that have either a high affinity to CRABP or can be transformed into RA.	Vitamin A	137-144	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	19-24
2543582-3	1989	We found increased CRABP after daily application during 4 days of natural or synthetic retinoids (RA, acitretin, isotretinoin, Ro137410, retinol), that have either a high affinity to CRABP or can be transformed into RA.	Vitamin A	137-144	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	183-188
2739217-2	1989	Gel filtration of serum from cow produced two retinol peaks, peak 1 and 2.	Vitamin A	46-53	pseudopodium enriched atypical kinase 1	Bos taurus	61-73
2739217-3	1989	The major, peak 1 having higher molecular weight corresponded to the retinol peak from human serum which consisted of RBP and prealbumin (PA).	Vitamin A	69-76	pseudopodium enriched atypical kinase 1	Bos taurus	11-17
2739217-3	1989	The major, peak 1 having higher molecular weight corresponded to the retinol peak from human serum which consisted of RBP and prealbumin (PA).	Vitamin A	69-76	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	118-121
2739217-3	1989	The major, peak 1 having higher molecular weight corresponded to the retinol peak from human serum which consisted of RBP and prealbumin (PA).	Vitamin A	69-76	transthyretin	Bos taurus	126-136
2739217-3	1989	The major, peak 1 having higher molecular weight corresponded to the retinol peak from human serum which consisted of RBP and prealbumin (PA).	Vitamin A	69-76	transthyretin	Bos taurus	138-140
2739217-7	1989	These results suggested that, in cow, retinol was transported by the complex of RBP and another protein, presumably PA, but in calf, mainly by RBP alone.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	80-83
2739217-7	1989	These results suggested that, in cow, retinol was transported by the complex of RBP and another protein, presumably PA, but in calf, mainly by RBP alone.	Vitamin A	38-45	transthyretin	Bos taurus	116-118
2739217-7	1989	These results suggested that, in cow, retinol was transported by the complex of RBP and another protein, presumably PA, but in calf, mainly by RBP alone.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	143-146
2923910-3	1989	Intravenously administered [3H]retinol bound to retinol binding protein-transthyretin complex (RBP-TTR complex) was used to study the dynamics of circulatory retinol in these rats.	Vitamin A	31-38	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
2923910-3	1989	Intravenously administered [3H]retinol bound to retinol binding protein-transthyretin complex (RBP-TTR complex) was used to study the dynamics of circulatory retinol in these rats.	Vitamin A	31-38	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
2923910-3	1989	Intravenously administered [3H]retinol bound to retinol binding protein-transthyretin complex (RBP-TTR complex) was used to study the dynamics of circulatory retinol in these rats.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
2923910-5	1989	HCB caused a 50% reduction of total radioactivity in liver, and, except for 0.5 h after the [3H]retinol-RBP-TTR dose, the specific activity of the hepatic retinyl ester pool was greater compared to control rats.	Vitamin A	96-103	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
2920176-3	1989	There was a statistically significant correlation between the retinol and the CRBP concentrations in the same tumour (P less than 0.001; r = 0.622).	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
2503070-6	1989	Regulatory agents such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and a combination of FSH, insulin, retinol, and testosterone stimulated the production of both transferrin and ABP.	Vitamin A	96-103	transferrin	Homo sapiens	156-167
2503070-6	1989	Regulatory agents such as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and a combination of FSH, insulin, retinol, and testosterone stimulated the production of both transferrin and ABP.	Vitamin A	96-103	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	172-175
2920176-4	1989	Calculation of the maximal extent of retinol-saturation of CRBP showed low values (range: 9-26%).	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
2920176-8	1989	The uptake of [3H]retinol from intravenously injected retinol-RBP complex was similar in the four human squamous cell carcinomas studied, and not related to their CRBP concentration.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	62-65
2920176-11	1989	The cellular retinol concentration, on the other hand, appears proportional to CRBP content.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
2465355-5	1989	However, cells incubated with free [3H]retinol acquired 15- to 20-fold more ligand than if the retinol was delivered via RBP.	Vitamin A	95-102	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	121-124
2465168-8	1989	Furthermore, the simultaneous addition of 10(-6) M retinol partially reversed the inhibitory action of IFN-gamma on the NAP induction by G-CSF.	Vitamin A	51-58	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	103-112
2465168-8	1989	Furthermore, the simultaneous addition of 10(-6) M retinol partially reversed the inhibitory action of IFN-gamma on the NAP induction by G-CSF.	Vitamin A	51-58	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	137-142
2472990-5	1989	Moreover, in both HaCaT and HaCaT-ras clones the epidermal "suprabasal" keratins, K1 and K10, were expressed in conventional submerged cultures (at normal vitamin A levels), markedly rising with cell density, but not strictly correlated with the degree of stratification.	Vitamin A	155-164	keratin 1	Homo sapiens	82-92
2916848-1	1989	Retinyl ester hydrolase (REH), the enzyme which converts retinyl esters to retinol, was partially characterized from whole liver homogenates of rats using an HPLC method with quantitation of retinol product.	Vitamin A	75-82	carboxylesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
2916848-1	1989	Retinyl ester hydrolase (REH), the enzyme which converts retinyl esters to retinol, was partially characterized from whole liver homogenates of rats using an HPLC method with quantitation of retinol product.	Vitamin A	75-82	carboxylesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
2916848-1	1989	Retinyl ester hydrolase (REH), the enzyme which converts retinyl esters to retinol, was partially characterized from whole liver homogenates of rats using an HPLC method with quantitation of retinol product.	Vitamin A	191-198	carboxylesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
2916848-1	1989	Retinyl ester hydrolase (REH), the enzyme which converts retinyl esters to retinol, was partially characterized from whole liver homogenates of rats using an HPLC method with quantitation of retinol product.	Vitamin A	191-198	carboxylesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
2916848-7	1989	Stimulation of REH activity could explain, in part, the well-known effects of ethanol on mobilization of vitamin A from liver stores.	Vitamin A	105-114	carboxylesterase 1C	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
2465355-1	1989	Serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) is believed to be responsible for the transport of retinol from its storage site in the liver to vitamin A requiring target cells such as keratinocytes.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	31-34
2465355-1	1989	Serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) is believed to be responsible for the transport of retinol from its storage site in the liver to vitamin A requiring target cells such as keratinocytes.	Vitamin A	133-142	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	31-34
2465355-2	1989	We have used primary mouse keratinocytes as a model system to compare the uptake and metabolism of [3H] retinol delivered to them either free in solution or bound to RBP.	Vitamin A	104-111	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	166-169
2465355-3	1989	RBP was purified from rat serum, loaded with [3H]retinol, and the [3H]retinol-RBP complex purified by affinity chromatography on human transthyretin-Sepharose.	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
2465355-4	1989	Keratinocytes incubated with either free [3H]retinol or [3H]retinol-RBP complex accumulated [3H]retinol in a time and temperature dependent manner.	Vitamin A	60-67	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	68-71
2492196-1	1989	Two non-amino acid components as well as the glutathione constituents in labile associations with transthyretin (TTR) have been detected by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from preparations isolated by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-bound retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	260-267	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	98-111
2492196-1	1989	Two non-amino acid components as well as the glutathione constituents in labile associations with transthyretin (TTR) have been detected by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from preparations isolated by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-bound retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	260-267	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	113-116
2463304-1	1989	Vitamin A-deficient mice exhibited sharply decreased IgG1 responses to protein Ag in vivo and in vitro.	Vitamin A	0-9	LOC105243590	Mus musculus	53-57
2910871-0	1989	Mechanism of vitamin A movement between rod outer segments, interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein, and liposomes.	Vitamin A	13-22	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	60-103
2910871-4	1989	In the presence of 2 microM IRBP, retinol transfer decreased by approximately one-half, whereas a similar concentration of bovine serum albumin had no effect on this spontaneous transfer.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	28-32
2910871-11	1989	The transfer rate of retinol from IRBP to single unilamellar vesicles also followed first order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.11 s-1 at 22 degrees C, which was approximately 8 times slower than that of transfer between vesicles.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	34-38
2465355-6	1989	The uptake of free [3H]retinol or [3H]retinol from RBP was not inhibited by excess unlabeled free retinol.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	51-54
2465355-7	1989	The uptake of [3H]retinol from RBP was inhibited by high concentrations of holo-RBP, with half maximal inhibition occurring at 3 microM holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	31-34
2465355-7	1989	The uptake of [3H]retinol from RBP was inhibited by high concentrations of holo-RBP, with half maximal inhibition occurring at 3 microM holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	80-83
2465355-7	1989	The uptake of [3H]retinol from RBP was inhibited by high concentrations of holo-RBP, with half maximal inhibition occurring at 3 microM holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	80-83
2492604-3	1989	Concentrations of serum androgen binding protein (ABP) in vitamin A-deficient rats were consistently higher than those of control animals throughout the study period.	Vitamin A	58-67	sex hormone binding globulin	Rattus norvegicus	24-48
2721601-6	1989	Possible mechanisms of visual dysfunction include abnormal retinal rhodopsin recycling caused by a dependence on newly absorbed dietary vitamin A (e.g., chylomicron).	Vitamin A	136-145	rhodopsin	Rattus norvegicus	67-76
2721601-7	1989	Alternatively, in the vitamin-A-deprived rat, decreased hepatic oxidation of pentobarbital (used for electroretinographic anesthesia) could prolong retinal anesthetic exposure and either directly depress neural transmission or indirectly alter transmission by affecting rhodopsin recycling.	Vitamin A	22-31	rhodopsin	Rattus norvegicus	270-279
2634036-4	1989	Comparison of RBP renal clearance and retinol tissue clearance in cancer and healthy patients indicates that the decrease in circulating retinol levels cannot be attributed to an increase in peripheral consumption.	Vitamin A	137-144	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	14-17
2492604-3	1989	Concentrations of serum androgen binding protein (ABP) in vitamin A-deficient rats were consistently higher than those of control animals throughout the study period.	Vitamin A	58-67	sex hormone binding globulin	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
2492604-5	1989	ABP concentrations in seminiferous tubular fluid of vitamin A-deficient rats increased transitorily during the 70-80-day age period but returned to normal by 90 days.	Vitamin A	52-61	sex hormone binding globulin	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2492604-6	1989	The increment of ABP in seminiferous tubular fluid after efferent duct ligation, and ABP concentrations in interstitial fluid were consistently lower in vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	153-162	sex hormone binding globulin	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
2760962-6	1989	The concentration of cellular 3H-retinol was more than 10 fold greater in germinal cells administered 3H-retinol bound to bovine serum albumin than when 3H-retinol bound to serum retinol-binding protein was administered, and likewise the concentration of cellular 3H-retinyl palmitate was approximately 30 fold higher.	Vitamin A	33-40	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	129-142
2760962-6	1989	The concentration of cellular 3H-retinol was more than 10 fold greater in germinal cells administered 3H-retinol bound to bovine serum albumin than when 3H-retinol bound to serum retinol-binding protein was administered, and likewise the concentration of cellular 3H-retinyl palmitate was approximately 30 fold higher.	Vitamin A	105-112	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	129-142
2645590-2	1989	Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), followed by protein blotting with an antiserum specific to retinol-binding protein (RBP), the plasma carrier of retinol, showed that: (1) retinoic acid induced striking conformational changes when bound to RBP, and (2) none of the several synthetic retinoids used in human therapy were found to bind to RBP.	Vitamin A	102-109	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	127-130
2739815-2	1989	The levels of vitamin A in the patients with laryngeal cancer, but not in the controls, significantly correlated with serum concentrations of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and zinc.	Vitamin A	14-23	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	142-165
2739815-2	1989	The levels of vitamin A in the patients with laryngeal cancer, but not in the controls, significantly correlated with serum concentrations of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and zinc.	Vitamin A	14-23	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	167-170
2645590-4	1989	Human skin extracts incubated with either [3H]retinol or [3H]retinoic acid and analyzed by PAGE is a novel technique for the study of cellular retinol-(CRBP) and retinoic acid-(CRABP) binding proteins; it allows one to more specifically analyse these binding proteins and differentiate them from RBP.	Vitamin A	143-150	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	152-156
2645590-4	1989	Human skin extracts incubated with either [3H]retinol or [3H]retinoic acid and analyzed by PAGE is a novel technique for the study of cellular retinol-(CRBP) and retinoic acid-(CRABP) binding proteins; it allows one to more specifically analyse these binding proteins and differentiate them from RBP.	Vitamin A	143-150	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	153-156
2645590-4	1989	Human skin extracts incubated with either [3H]retinol or [3H]retinoic acid and analyzed by PAGE is a novel technique for the study of cellular retinol-(CRBP) and retinoic acid-(CRABP) binding proteins; it allows one to more specifically analyse these binding proteins and differentiate them from RBP.	Vitamin A	46-53	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	152-156
2645590-4	1989	Human skin extracts incubated with either [3H]retinol or [3H]retinoic acid and analyzed by PAGE is a novel technique for the study of cellular retinol-(CRBP) and retinoic acid-(CRABP) binding proteins; it allows one to more specifically analyse these binding proteins and differentiate them from RBP.	Vitamin A	46-53	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	177-182
2645590-4	1989	Human skin extracts incubated with either [3H]retinol or [3H]retinoic acid and analyzed by PAGE is a novel technique for the study of cellular retinol-(CRBP) and retinoic acid-(CRABP) binding proteins; it allows one to more specifically analyse these binding proteins and differentiate them from RBP.	Vitamin A	46-53	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	153-156
3207418-2	1988	In the plasma, retinol is transported by retinol-binding protein (RBP) in complex with transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin).	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	41-64
2692024-0	1989	Vitamins A and E in RPE lipofuscin formation and implications for age-related macular degeneration.	Vitamin A	0-10	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Homo sapiens	20-23
3207418-2	1988	In the plasma, retinol is transported by retinol-binding protein (RBP) in complex with transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin).	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	66-69
3207418-2	1988	In the plasma, retinol is transported by retinol-binding protein (RBP) in complex with transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin).	Vitamin A	15-22	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	87-100
3207418-2	1988	In the plasma, retinol is transported by retinol-binding protein (RBP) in complex with transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin).	Vitamin A	15-22	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	102-105
3207418-7	1988	We postulate that ocular RBP and TTR are involved in the intraocular translocation of retinol.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
3207418-7	1988	We postulate that ocular RBP and TTR are involved in the intraocular translocation of retinol.	Vitamin A	86-93	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	33-36
3191479-5	1988	Similarly, citral treatment decreased the ability of retinol, but not of retinoic acid, to inhibit the induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.	Vitamin A	53-60	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	126-149
2631391-4	1989	In the dark-adapted state, IRBP bound mainly 11-cis retinol and 11-cis retinal in quantities that summed to about 1 mol/mol IRBP.	Vitamin A	45-59	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	27-31
3191479-8	1988	Furthermore, the ability of citral to potentiate the induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate suggests that modulation of the retinol oxidation pathway by such agents may enhance susceptibility to tumor promoters.	Vitamin A	171-178	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	66-89
2631391-5	1989	After the onset of light-adaptation, all-trans retinol increased from its very low dark-adapted level, peaked at 0.2 mol/mol IRBP and then declined to the dark-adapted level again.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	125-129
2631391-9	1989	These findings support the hypothesis that when rhodopsin is bleached IRBP transports all-trans retinol from the retina to the pigment epithelium and that it delivers 11-cis retinal to the rod outer segments for rhodopsin regeneration.	Vitamin A	96-103	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	48-57
3198594-1	1988	Cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) carries 11-cis-retinol and 11-cis-retinaldehyde as endogenous ligands and may be a functional component of the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	56-70	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Bos taurus	0-38
2631391-9	1989	These findings support the hypothesis that when rhodopsin is bleached IRBP transports all-trans retinol from the retina to the pigment epithelium and that it delivers 11-cis retinal to the rod outer segments for rhodopsin regeneration.	Vitamin A	96-103	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	70-74
3198594-1	1988	Cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP) carries 11-cis-retinol and 11-cis-retinaldehyde as endogenous ligands and may be a functional component of the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	56-70	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Bos taurus	40-46
3198596-6	1988	The major products were retinyl palmitate/oleate and retinyl stearate in a ratio of approximately 2 to 1 over a range of [3H]retinol-CRBP concentrations from 1 to 8 microM.	Vitamin A	125-132	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-137
3198596-7	1988	The addition of progesterone, a known inhibitor of the acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferase reaction, consistently increased the rate of retinyl ester formation when [3H]retinol was delivered bound to CRBP.	Vitamin A	64-71	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	197-201
3198596-1	1988	We have investigated the esterification by liver membranes of retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
3198596-8	1988	These experiments indicate that retinol presented to liver microsomal membranes by CRBP can be converted to retinyl ester and that this process, in contrast to the esterification of dispersed retinol, is independent of the addition of an activated fatty acid and produces a pattern of retinyl ester species similar to that observed in intact liver.	Vitamin A	32-39	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
3198596-2	1988	When CRBP carrying [3H]retinol as its ligand was purified from rat liver cytosol and incubated with rat liver microsomes, a significant fraction of the [3H]retinol was converted to [3H]retinyl ester.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	5-9
3198596-9	1988	A possible role of phospholipids as endogenous acyl donors in the esterification of retinol bound to CRBP is supported by our observations that depletion of microsomal phospholipid with phospholipase A2 prior to addition of retinol-CRBP decreased the retinol-esterifying activity almost 50%.	Vitamin A	84-91	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
3198596-9	1988	A possible role of phospholipids as endogenous acyl donors in the esterification of retinol bound to CRBP is supported by our observations that depletion of microsomal phospholipid with phospholipase A2 prior to addition of retinol-CRBP decreased the retinol-esterifying activity almost 50%.	Vitamin A	84-91	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	186-202
3198596-3	1988	Esterification of the CRBP-bound [3H]retinol, which was maximal at pH 6-7, did not require the addition of an exogenous fatty acyl group.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
3198596-9	1988	A possible role of phospholipids as endogenous acyl donors in the esterification of retinol bound to CRBP is supported by our observations that depletion of microsomal phospholipid with phospholipase A2 prior to addition of retinol-CRBP decreased the retinol-esterifying activity almost 50%.	Vitamin A	84-91	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	232-236
2849421-7	1988	The results suggest that binding of RBP to its specific receptor is obligatory for the subsequent delivery of retinol to the membrane.	Vitamin A	110-117	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	36-39
3198596-9	1988	A possible role of phospholipids as endogenous acyl donors in the esterification of retinol bound to CRBP is supported by our observations that depletion of microsomal phospholipid with phospholipase A2 prior to addition of retinol-CRBP decreased the retinol-esterifying activity almost 50%.	Vitamin A	224-231	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
3198596-9	1988	A possible role of phospholipids as endogenous acyl donors in the esterification of retinol bound to CRBP is supported by our observations that depletion of microsomal phospholipid with phospholipase A2 prior to addition of retinol-CRBP decreased the retinol-esterifying activity almost 50%.	Vitamin A	224-231	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
3198596-10	1988	Conversely, incubating microsomes with a lipid-generating system containing choline, CDP-choline, glycerol 3-phosphate, and an acyl-CoA-generating system prior to addition of retinol-CRBP increased retinol esterification significantly as compared to buffer-treated controls.	Vitamin A	175-182	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	183-187
3191561-0	1988	Ornithine decarboxylase basal activity in liver, oesophagus and lung of vitamin A deficient rats, and the effect of retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	72-81	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
3191561-1	1988	Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, EC 4.1.1.17) activity was measured, without exogenous stimulation, in the liver, oesophagus and lung of Wistar rats which were vitamin A deficient or supplemented with retinol or retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	157-166	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
3053716-1	1988	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) are 132-residue cytosolic proteins which have 56% amino acid sequence identity and bind all-trans-retinol as their endogenous ligand.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
3053716-1	1988	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) are 132-residue cytosolic proteins which have 56% amino acid sequence identity and bind all-trans-retinol as their endogenous ligand.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	44-79
3053716-1	1988	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) are 132-residue cytosolic proteins which have 56% amino acid sequence identity and bind all-trans-retinol as their endogenous ligand.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	81-88
3053716-10	1988	However, all-trans-retinal could displace all-trans-retinol bound to CRBP II but not to CRBP.	Vitamin A	46-59	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	69-76
3053716-10	1988	However, all-trans-retinal could displace all-trans-retinol bound to CRBP II but not to CRBP.	Vitamin A	46-59	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
2849421-1	1988	The mechanism of retinol uptake by human placental brush-border membrane vesicles was investigated using initial-velocity studies of [3H]retinol uptake from the [3H]retinol-RBP (retinol-binding protein) complex.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	173-176
2849421-5	1988	Treatment of membrane vesicles with p-chloromercuribenzenesulphonate (PCMBS), which inhibited 125I-RBP binding, also inhibited the uptake of retinol from RBP, but the uptake of free retinol was unaffected.	Vitamin A	141-148	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	154-157
2512001-5	1989	Since TT levels are strongly influenced by the nutritional status of patients, our results suggest that the decreased blood levels of vitamin A and its carriers observed in digestive cancer are the consequence of nutritional alterations evoked by the disease.	Vitamin A	134-143	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	6-8
3190677-1	1988	Retinol deficiency resulted in decreased mRNA levels for cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) in the lungs and the testes.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-89
3190677-1	1988	Retinol deficiency resulted in decreased mRNA levels for cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) in the lungs and the testes.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
3190677-2	1988	The level of lung CRBP mRNA increased 2.3-fold one hour after oral administration of retinoic acid to retinol deficient rats.	Vitamin A	102-109	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
3190677-4	1988	Our data indicate that retinoic acid regulates CRBP mRNA level in the whole animal and this rapid effect suggests a role for CRBP in the mechanism of vitamin A action at genomic level.	Vitamin A	150-159	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
3190677-4	1988	Our data indicate that retinoic acid regulates CRBP mRNA level in the whole animal and this rapid effect suggests a role for CRBP in the mechanism of vitamin A action at genomic level.	Vitamin A	150-159	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
3178828-1	1988	This report demonstrates that exogenous phosphatidylcholine will serve as an acyl donor for the esterification of retinol complexed to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) by human and rat liver microsomal preparations.	Vitamin A	114-121	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	135-167
3178828-1	1988	This report demonstrates that exogenous phosphatidylcholine will serve as an acyl donor for the esterification of retinol complexed to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) by human and rat liver microsomal preparations.	Vitamin A	114-121	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	169-173
3049572-8	1988	Homology with other members of the FABP family is significantly less apparent, with the order of similarity being liver FABP greater than heart FABP greater than retinol-binding protein greater than intestine FABP.	Vitamin A	162-169	fatty acid binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
2849421-10	1988	Transthyretin decreased the rate of uptake of [3H]retinol from RBP without substantially altering the steady-state uptake levels, suggesting that membranes take up retinol from uncomplexed RBP.	Vitamin A	50-57	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
2849421-10	1988	Transthyretin decreased the rate of uptake of [3H]retinol from RBP without substantially altering the steady-state uptake levels, suggesting that membranes take up retinol from uncomplexed RBP.	Vitamin A	50-57	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	63-66
2849421-10	1988	Transthyretin decreased the rate of uptake of [3H]retinol from RBP without substantially altering the steady-state uptake levels, suggesting that membranes take up retinol from uncomplexed RBP.	Vitamin A	164-171	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
3262523-1	1988	Vitamin A (retinol) and five retinoids were tested for their ability to enhance epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation of adult human skin fibroblast growth in vitro.	Vitamin A	0-9	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	80-103
3262523-1	1988	Vitamin A (retinol) and five retinoids were tested for their ability to enhance epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation of adult human skin fibroblast growth in vitro.	Vitamin A	0-9	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	105-108
3262523-1	1988	Vitamin A (retinol) and five retinoids were tested for their ability to enhance epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation of adult human skin fibroblast growth in vitro.	Vitamin A	11-18	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	80-103
3262523-1	1988	Vitamin A (retinol) and five retinoids were tested for their ability to enhance epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulation of adult human skin fibroblast growth in vitro.	Vitamin A	11-18	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	105-108
3262523-3	1988	Retinol and each retinoid were capable of stimulating fibroblast growth alone (0-86%), while 13-cis and all-trans-retinoic acid were the most potent in potentiating the EGF promotion of fibroblast growth.	Vitamin A	0-7	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	169-172
2460097-0	1988	Identification of retinol as one of the protein HC chromophores.	Vitamin A	18-25	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Homo sapiens	40-50
2460097-6	1988	The highest retinol-protein HC molar ratio of the investigated protein HC preparations was 1.6 x 10(-3) indicating that retinol is not the only ligand bound to protein HC.	Vitamin A	12-19	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Homo sapiens	20-30
2460097-6	1988	The highest retinol-protein HC molar ratio of the investigated protein HC preparations was 1.6 x 10(-3) indicating that retinol is not the only ligand bound to protein HC.	Vitamin A	12-19	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Homo sapiens	63-73
2460097-6	1988	The highest retinol-protein HC molar ratio of the investigated protein HC preparations was 1.6 x 10(-3) indicating that retinol is not the only ligand bound to protein HC.	Vitamin A	12-19	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Homo sapiens	63-73
2460097-6	1988	The highest retinol-protein HC molar ratio of the investigated protein HC preparations was 1.6 x 10(-3) indicating that retinol is not the only ligand bound to protein HC.	Vitamin A	120-127	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Homo sapiens	63-73
2460097-6	1988	The highest retinol-protein HC molar ratio of the investigated protein HC preparations was 1.6 x 10(-3) indicating that retinol is not the only ligand bound to protein HC.	Vitamin A	120-127	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Homo sapiens	63-73
3214195-0	1988	Vitamin A effects on fetal mouse cephalic acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase.	Vitamin A	0-9	choline acetyltransferase	Mus musculus	67-92
3417642-1	1988	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBP (II], an abundant protein of the rat small intestine, has recently been shown to be able to bind retinaldehyde in addition to retinol (MacDonald, P.N., and Ong, D. E. (1987) J. Biol.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	43-52
3417642-1	1988	Cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBP (II], an abundant protein of the rat small intestine, has recently been shown to be able to bind retinaldehyde in addition to retinol (MacDonald, P.N., and Ong, D. E. (1987) J. Biol.	Vitamin A	174-181	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	43-52
3417642-10	1988	The product retinol remained complexed to CRBP(II).	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	42-50
3417642-12	1988	Retinol bound to CRBP(II) could not be oxidized by the microsomal activity in the presence of NAD+, while free retinol or retinol bound to bovine serum albumin was oxidized to retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	17-25
3414574-4	1988	Vitamin A supplementation produced significant elevations in the serum levels of retinol, blood hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocytes, serum Fe, and percent transferrin saturation (%TS) and had no effect on total Fe binding capacity (TIBC) or serum ferritin.	Vitamin A	0-9	transferrin	Homo sapiens	156-167
3419694-0	1988	The effect of bile-salt-stimulated human milk lipase on the interconversion of retinyl palmitate and retinol.	Vitamin A	101-108	carboxyl ester lipase	Homo sapiens	41-52
3183876-1	1988	We assessed the effect of short-term (less than or equal to 1 week) and prolonged (greater than 1 week) exposure to antenatal betamethasone on umbilical cord serum concentrations of retinol-binding protein (serum t 1/2 = 12 h), transthyretin (t 1/2 = 2 days), transferrin (t 1/2 = 8 days), retinol (vitamin A), and vitamin E in appropriate-for-gestational-age preterm newborn infants of less than 36 weeks" gestation.	Vitamin A	182-189	interleukin 1 receptor like 1	Homo sapiens	213-216
3409459-2	1988	In order to determine whether the activity of beta-C in these cells may be attributed to conversion to vitamin A or is intrinsic to the carotenoid molecule, the uptake and metabolism of beta-C, and of retinal, the immediate product of dioxygenase-cleavage of beta-C, was studied in 10T1/2 cells.	Vitamin A	103-112	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor, beta, low-affinity (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	46-52
3409459-6	1988	Retinal was rapidly and quantitatively converted to retinol by 10T1/2 cells, suggesting that the inhibitory action of retinal on neoplastic transformation in these cells is due to its conversion to retinol, and that any enzymatic conversion of beta-C to retinal by these cells would be expected to result in retinol as the end product.	Vitamin A	52-59	colony stimulating factor 2 receptor, beta, low-affinity (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	244-250
3170650-11	1988	However, when the vitamin A-enriched Ito cells were exposed to TGF beta, the production of interstitial collagen was increased, similar to cells that had not received vitamin A.	Vitamin A	18-27	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	63-71
2839288-1	1988	Binding proteins for retinoic acid (cellular retinoid acid binding protein, CRABP), and for vitamin A (cellular retinol binding protein, CRBP) have been demonstrated in various cell types; these binding proteins display the characteristics of receptors.	Vitamin A	92-101	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	137-141
3408485-0	1988	Retinol induces platelet aggregation via activation of phospholipase A2.	Vitamin A	0-7	phospholipase A2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	55-71
3408485-1	1988	All-trans-retinol induced aggregation of rabbit platelets, and this effect could be inhibited by a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and a thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonist, indicating an essential role for endogenously produced TXA2.	Vitamin A	0-17	TBXA2R	Oryctolagus cuniculus	130-160
2841439-5	1988	Galactosyltransferase specific activity (with ovomucoid as acceptor) of Golgi apparatus of rats fed excess vitamin A was 27% of control with chronic feeding and 59% of control with administration by gavage.	Vitamin A	107-116	glycoprotein alpha-galactosyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-21
3179018-8	1988	These data indicate that kidney tissue has the highest retinal oxidase activity and suggest that it may play a major role in the oxidative metabolism of retinol in the body.	Vitamin A	153-160	aldehyde oxidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	55-70
3163997-4	1988	Retinol bound to RBP induced differentiation of HL-60 cells only in concentrations above those that can be found in vivo.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	17-20
3376901-5	1988	We hypothesize that the increase in plasma retinol levels noted in the preterm infants receiving Zn supplementation may be mediated by an increased production of RBP in the liver that in turn enhances the hepatic release of retinol.	Vitamin A	43-50	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	162-165
3379035-2	1988	Transthyretin (TTR) is involved in the plasma transport of both retinol and thyroid hormones.	Vitamin A	64-71	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
3376901-5	1988	We hypothesize that the increase in plasma retinol levels noted in the preterm infants receiving Zn supplementation may be mediated by an increased production of RBP in the liver that in turn enhances the hepatic release of retinol.	Vitamin A	224-231	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	162-165
2897254-6	1988	These observations reveal a loss of cellular sensitivity to vitamin A mediated by the Ah receptor.	Vitamin A	60-69	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	86-97
3407933-1	1988	Serum retinol (bound to plasma retinol-binding protein, RBP) can be determined by direct injection of as little as 20 microliter of serum or plasma by using size-exclusion high-pressure liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) with fluorescence detection.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	56-59
3407933-3	1988	Fluorescence of the retinol-RBP complex was monitored with excitation at 334 nm (interference filter) and emission at 425 nm (long-pass filter).	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	28-31
3407933-4	1988	The retinol-RBP complex eluted as two peaks, the holo-RBP-transthyretin complex (apparent molecular weight 70,000) and holo-RBP (apparent molecular weight 9000).	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-15
3407933-4	1988	The retinol-RBP complex eluted as two peaks, the holo-RBP-transthyretin complex (apparent molecular weight 70,000) and holo-RBP (apparent molecular weight 9000).	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	54-57
3407933-4	1988	The retinol-RBP complex eluted as two peaks, the holo-RBP-transthyretin complex (apparent molecular weight 70,000) and holo-RBP (apparent molecular weight 9000).	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	54-57
3407933-8	1988	The integrated area of the two fluorescence peaks due to retinol bound to RBP was proportional to the volume of a serum sample injected over the range 5 to 250 microliters.	Vitamin A	57-64	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-77
2837191-1	1988	The levels of mRNA for cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP) were studied in primary rat Sertoli cell cultures treated with cAMP analogues and retinol.	Vitamin A	32-39	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
2837191-3	1988	Retinol concentrations above 10 nM induced a dose- and time-dependent increase (2-3 fold) in mRNA levels for CRBP.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
2837191-4	1988	Assuming that CRBP is important for vitamin A action, our data indicate that both cAMP and retinol itself modulate the sensitivity of the Sertoli cells for retinol.	Vitamin A	36-45	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
2837191-4	1988	Assuming that CRBP is important for vitamin A action, our data indicate that both cAMP and retinol itself modulate the sensitivity of the Sertoli cells for retinol.	Vitamin A	91-98	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
2837191-4	1988	Assuming that CRBP is important for vitamin A action, our data indicate that both cAMP and retinol itself modulate the sensitivity of the Sertoli cells for retinol.	Vitamin A	156-163	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
3184159-1	1988	Treatment of patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus with vitamin A (100,000 U daily for 2 weeks) resulted in an enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, natural killer cell activity and blastogenic response to plant mitogens and interleukin-2 (IL-2).	Vitamin A	71-80	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	264-277
3184159-1	1988	Treatment of patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus with vitamin A (100,000 U daily for 2 weeks) resulted in an enhancement of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, natural killer cell activity and blastogenic response to plant mitogens and interleukin-2 (IL-2).	Vitamin A	71-80	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	279-283
3281946-2	1988	Retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) was available for esterification by liver microsomes in the absence of exogenous acyl donors.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
3368453-0	1988	Transfer of retinol from parenchymal to stellate cells in liver is mediated by retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	79-102
3368453-6	1988	It is well known that parenchymal liver cells secrete retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), and we have recently found that stellate cells do have RBP receptors.	Vitamin A	54-61	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	71-94
3368453-6	1988	It is well known that parenchymal liver cells secrete retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP), and we have recently found that stellate cells do have RBP receptors.	Vitamin A	54-61	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
3368453-7	1988	Here we report that antibodies against RBP completely block the transfer of retinol from parenchymal to stellate cells.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
3368453-8	1988	These findings indicate that following uptake of chylomicron remnant retinyl ester in parenchymal cells, the retinyl ester is hydrolyzed, and retinol secreted from parenchymal cells on RBP is taken up by stellate cells by means of RBP receptors.	Vitamin A	142-149	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	185-188
3368453-8	1988	These findings indicate that following uptake of chylomicron remnant retinyl ester in parenchymal cells, the retinyl ester is hydrolyzed, and retinol secreted from parenchymal cells on RBP is taken up by stellate cells by means of RBP receptors.	Vitamin A	142-149	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	231-234
2838311-3	1988	Procedures are described for labeling CRALBP with 9-cis-retinaldehyde, 11-cis-retinaldehyde, or 11-cis-retinol.	Vitamin A	96-110	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Bos taurus	38-44
3354492-2	1988	The purpose of this work was to study the role of TBPA-retinol-binding-protein (RBP)-retinol complex changes in the elevation of serum TBPA in HD patients.	Vitamin A	55-62	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	80-83
3354492-2	1988	The purpose of this work was to study the role of TBPA-retinol-binding-protein (RBP)-retinol complex changes in the elevation of serum TBPA in HD patients.	Vitamin A	55-62	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	50-54
3285252-0	1988	Vitamin A controls fibronectin gene expression.	Vitamin A	0-9	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	19-30
3346208-3	1988	By using molecular cloning, we have shown that one of the effects of retinol on cultured human tracheobronchial epithelial (HTBE) cells is the enhancement (from 2- to 4-fold) of the mRNA encoding the elongation factor EF-1 alpha.	Vitamin A	69-76	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	218-228
3279959-1	1988	Transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin) is a 55 kDa protein which plays an important role in the plasma transport of thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	123-130	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
3279959-1	1988	Transthyretin (TTR, prealbumin) is a 55 kDa protein which plays an important role in the plasma transport of thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	123-130	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
2840487-2	1988	The specific delivery of extracellular retinol to target cells is performed by plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) while cellular retinol- and retinoic acid-binding proteins (CRBP and CRABP) are implicated in the cellular action of the 2 natural retinoids.	Vitamin A	39-46	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	111-114
3279959-5	1988	While the functional significance of ocular TTR synthesis is unclear, TTR may be involved in the ocular translocation and processing of retinol.	Vitamin A	136-143	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
3343235-2	1988	Studies were conducted to explore in rats the role of retinol in the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of retinol-binding protein (RBP) by the visceral yolk sac compared to the liver.	Vitamin A	54-61	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	114-137
3343235-2	1988	Studies were conducted to explore in rats the role of retinol in the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of retinol-binding protein (RBP) by the visceral yolk sac compared to the liver.	Vitamin A	54-61	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
3343235-8	1988	RBP levels in the visceral yolk sac were elevated 10-fold in the retinol-depleted as compared to the control rats and had declined to near normal values in the retinol-repleted animals.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
3343235-8	1988	RBP levels in the visceral yolk sac were elevated 10-fold in the retinol-depleted as compared to the control rats and had declined to near normal values in the retinol-repleted animals.	Vitamin A	160-167	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
3343235-11	1988	In the visceral yolk sac, as in the liver, retinol status appears to regulate RBP secretion specifically, without affecting the rate of RBP biosynthesis.	Vitamin A	43-50	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
3367708-2	1988	We have found that desmin, a structural protein of muscular intermediate filaments, is found in the cytoplasm of FSC, even in negative vitamin A-autofluorescence FSC, by using immunocytochemical techniques.	Vitamin A	135-144	desmin	Rattus norvegicus	19-25
2459873-6	1988	By contrast, the acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferase (ARAT; EC 2.3.1.76) activity increased to 167% on the 2nd day after UVB-irradiation and to 124% after topical retinol, but was otherwise quite constant.	Vitamin A	26-33	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	51-55
2459873-7	1988	The UVB- and retinol-induced ARAT activity was less dependent on exogenous palmitoyl-CoA than that of control microsomes and experiments indicated that this might be due to an increased endogenous concentration of long-chain acyl-CoA in the microsomes.	Vitamin A	13-20	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	29-33
2459873-8	1988	We conclude that extreme variations in the vitamin A supply to epidermis, such as a rapid influx of unesterified retinol, may modulate the epidermal ARAT activity.	Vitamin A	43-52	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	149-153
2459873-8	1988	We conclude that extreme variations in the vitamin A supply to epidermis, such as a rapid influx of unesterified retinol, may modulate the epidermal ARAT activity.	Vitamin A	113-120	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	149-153
3384576-2	1988	Spermine arrest the vitamin A induced activity of mitochondrial phospholipase A2.	Vitamin A	20-29	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	64-80
3655940-7	1987	When vitamin A-deficient rats were repleted with 13-cis retinoic acid for 3 or 5 d, both the ceruloplasmin activity and synthesis were significantly stimulated when compared to the nonrepleted, deficient rats.	Vitamin A	5-14	ceruloplasmin	Rattus norvegicus	93-106
3655940-8	1987	Therefore, the dietary components, copper and vitamin A, play an important role in the regulation of plasma ceruloplasmin levels.	Vitamin A	46-55	ceruloplasmin	Rattus norvegicus	108-121
3611082-1	1987	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein, type ii (CRBP(II] are cytoplasmic proteins that bind trans-retinol as an endogenous ligand.	Vitamin A	131-144	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-32
3611082-1	1987	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein, type ii (CRBP(II] are cytoplasmic proteins that bind trans-retinol as an endogenous ligand.	Vitamin A	131-144	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
3611082-1	1987	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein, type ii (CRBP(II] are cytoplasmic proteins that bind trans-retinol as an endogenous ligand.	Vitamin A	131-144	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	44-85
3611082-1	1987	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein, type ii (CRBP(II] are cytoplasmic proteins that bind trans-retinol as an endogenous ligand.	Vitamin A	131-144	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	87-94
3611082-3	1987	Employing fluorescence, absorbance, and competition studies, the ability of pure preparations of CRBP(II) and CRBP to bind various members of the vitamin A family has been examined.	Vitamin A	146-155	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	97-105
3611082-3	1987	Employing fluorescence, absorbance, and competition studies, the ability of pure preparations of CRBP(II) and CRBP to bind various members of the vitamin A family has been examined.	Vitamin A	146-155	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
3611082-5	1987	CRBP bound those retinol isomers with similar affinities, but did not bind trans-retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
3611082-9	1987	It appears that CRBP(II) and CRBP bind trans-retinol, 13-cis-retinol, and 3-dehydroretinol in a planar configuration.	Vitamin A	39-52	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	16-24
3611082-9	1987	It appears that CRBP(II) and CRBP bind trans-retinol, 13-cis-retinol, and 3-dehydroretinol in a planar configuration.	Vitamin A	39-52	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
2457503-2	1988	In the present study the levels of cellular retinoic acid (CRABP)- and retinol (CRBP)-binding proteins were measured in cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
3279845-1	1988	Alcohol dehydrogenase in the testis metabolizes ethanol and a variety of physiological substrates such as dihydrotestosterone and vitamin A.	Vitamin A	130-139	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	0-21
3355505-2	1988	Parasite retinol-binding protein (PRBP) and parasite retinoic acid-binding protein (PRABP) isolated and characterized from parasitic worms of the family Filarioidea might be involved in some possible action of vitamin A compounds in these parasites.	Vitamin A	210-219	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-32
3355505-2	1988	Parasite retinol-binding protein (PRBP) and parasite retinoic acid-binding protein (PRABP) isolated and characterized from parasitic worms of the family Filarioidea might be involved in some possible action of vitamin A compounds in these parasites.	Vitamin A	210-219	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	34-38
3355505-3	1988	Ivermectin, a potent and widely used anti-parasitic drug, competes efficiently with retinol for retinol-binding sites on PRBP, but not for the host-tissue retinol-binding-protein sites.	Vitamin A	84-91	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	121-125
3355505-3	1988	Ivermectin, a potent and widely used anti-parasitic drug, competes efficiently with retinol for retinol-binding sites on PRBP, but not for the host-tissue retinol-binding-protein sites.	Vitamin A	96-103	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	121-125
3355505-3	1988	Ivermectin, a potent and widely used anti-parasitic drug, competes efficiently with retinol for retinol-binding sites on PRBP, but not for the host-tissue retinol-binding-protein sites.	Vitamin A	96-103	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	121-125
3355505-5	1988	Binding studies using radiolabelled ivermectin and retinol reveal that ivermectin has a higher affinity than retinol for PRBP.	Vitamin A	109-116	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	121-125
3335505-6	1988	Enzymatic digestions of vitamin A containing nucleosomes with proteinase K, phospholipase C, and phospholipase A2 support a model where the final binding of retinol to chromatin is mediated by a lipoprotein: the recognition of the binding sites on DNA being dictated by the proteic component while the hydrophobic retinol is solubilized in the fatty acid moiety.	Vitamin A	24-33	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	97-113
3335505-6	1988	Enzymatic digestions of vitamin A containing nucleosomes with proteinase K, phospholipase C, and phospholipase A2 support a model where the final binding of retinol to chromatin is mediated by a lipoprotein: the recognition of the binding sites on DNA being dictated by the proteic component while the hydrophobic retinol is solubilized in the fatty acid moiety.	Vitamin A	157-164	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	97-113
3145817-1	1988	The mechanism of plasma retinol reduction in rodents by 3,4,3",4"-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) was investigated by radioimmunochemical analysis of the amounts of circulating and hepatic retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) in exposed and control animals.	Vitamin A	24-31	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	183-206
3145817-1	1988	The mechanism of plasma retinol reduction in rodents by 3,4,3",4"-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) was investigated by radioimmunochemical analysis of the amounts of circulating and hepatic retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) in exposed and control animals.	Vitamin A	24-31	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	208-211
3145817-1	1988	The mechanism of plasma retinol reduction in rodents by 3,4,3",4"-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) was investigated by radioimmunochemical analysis of the amounts of circulating and hepatic retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) in exposed and control animals.	Vitamin A	24-31	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	217-230
3145817-1	1988	The mechanism of plasma retinol reduction in rodents by 3,4,3",4"-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) was investigated by radioimmunochemical analysis of the amounts of circulating and hepatic retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) in exposed and control animals.	Vitamin A	24-31	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	232-235
3145817-9	1988	These data support the hypothesis that plasma retinol reduction by TCB might result from a weakening of the RBP-TTR complex, in the presence of the TCB metabolite bound to the TTR.	Vitamin A	46-53	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
3145817-9	1988	These data support the hypothesis that plasma retinol reduction by TCB might result from a weakening of the RBP-TTR complex, in the presence of the TCB metabolite bound to the TTR.	Vitamin A	46-53	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
3145817-9	1988	These data support the hypothesis that plasma retinol reduction by TCB might result from a weakening of the RBP-TTR complex, in the presence of the TCB metabolite bound to the TTR.	Vitamin A	46-53	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	176-179
3198314-1	1988	Plasma vitamin A and its circulatory transport proteins, retinol-binding protein (RBP) and prealbumin, were measured in nine postoperative female breast cancer patients, who were apparently disease-free at the time of blood collection.	Vitamin A	7-16	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	57-80
3057195-5	1988	PP14 and human retinol-binding protein show a 23% sequence identity, and the amino acid residues -Gly-Thr-Trp- at positions 17-19 of PP14 are identical with the corresponding residues of human retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	193-200	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	0-4
3057195-5	1988	PP14 and human retinol-binding protein show a 23% sequence identity, and the amino acid residues -Gly-Thr-Trp- at positions 17-19 of PP14 are identical with the corresponding residues of human retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	193-200	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	133-137
3148050-1	1988	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a plasma protein with a molecular weight of 21,000 synthesized in the hepatocytes, binding with retinol (vitamin A), and transporting retinol to peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	129-136	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
3148050-1	1988	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a plasma protein with a molecular weight of 21,000 synthesized in the hepatocytes, binding with retinol (vitamin A), and transporting retinol to peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	129-136	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
3148050-1	1988	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a plasma protein with a molecular weight of 21,000 synthesized in the hepatocytes, binding with retinol (vitamin A), and transporting retinol to peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	138-147	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
3148050-1	1988	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a plasma protein with a molecular weight of 21,000 synthesized in the hepatocytes, binding with retinol (vitamin A), and transporting retinol to peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	138-147	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
3148050-1	1988	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a plasma protein with a molecular weight of 21,000 synthesized in the hepatocytes, binding with retinol (vitamin A), and transporting retinol to peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	167-174	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
3148050-1	1988	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a plasma protein with a molecular weight of 21,000 synthesized in the hepatocytes, binding with retinol (vitamin A), and transporting retinol to peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	167-174	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
3426588-1	1987	Retinoic acid (RA), the acid form of vitamin A, is shown to enhance the synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF) in cultures of mouse L cells.	Vitamin A	37-46	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	85-104
3426588-1	1987	Retinoic acid (RA), the acid form of vitamin A, is shown to enhance the synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF) in cultures of mouse L cells.	Vitamin A	37-46	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	106-109
2825608-7	1987	Cellular retinol-binding protein appears to have several roles, including (1) delivering retinol to specific binding sites within the nucleus and (2) participating in the transepithelial movement of retinol across certain blood-organ barriers.	Vitamin A	89-96	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-32
2825608-8	1987	In contrast, CRBP (II) appears to be involved in the intestinal absorption of vitamin A and, in particular, may direct retinol to a specific esterifying enzyme, resulting in the production of fatty acyl esters of retinol that are incorporated into chylomicrons for release to the lymph.	Vitamin A	78-87	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
2825608-8	1987	In contrast, CRBP (II) appears to be involved in the intestinal absorption of vitamin A and, in particular, may direct retinol to a specific esterifying enzyme, resulting in the production of fatty acyl esters of retinol that are incorporated into chylomicrons for release to the lymph.	Vitamin A	119-126	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
2825608-8	1987	In contrast, CRBP (II) appears to be involved in the intestinal absorption of vitamin A and, in particular, may direct retinol to a specific esterifying enzyme, resulting in the production of fatty acyl esters of retinol that are incorporated into chylomicrons for release to the lymph.	Vitamin A	213-220	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
3318709-2	1987	One is retinol-binding protein (RBP), the plasma carrier of natural vitamin A, retinol, albumin, and two specific cellular-binding proteins, one for retinol (CRBP) and one for retinoic acid (CRABP).	Vitamin A	68-77	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	7-30
3318709-2	1987	One is retinol-binding protein (RBP), the plasma carrier of natural vitamin A, retinol, albumin, and two specific cellular-binding proteins, one for retinol (CRBP) and one for retinoic acid (CRABP).	Vitamin A	68-77	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
3318709-2	1987	One is retinol-binding protein (RBP), the plasma carrier of natural vitamin A, retinol, albumin, and two specific cellular-binding proteins, one for retinol (CRBP) and one for retinoic acid (CRABP).	Vitamin A	7-14	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
3318709-2	1987	One is retinol-binding protein (RBP), the plasma carrier of natural vitamin A, retinol, albumin, and two specific cellular-binding proteins, one for retinol (CRBP) and one for retinoic acid (CRABP).	Vitamin A	79-86	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
3318709-7	1987	The technique was then used for the study of RBP in human epidermal and dermal extracts; it showed that RBP degradation with loss of binding properties for retinol occurred within the epidermis; this suggests that retinol supply is decreased within the epidermis, a fact that could be linked to cornification.	Vitamin A	214-221	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	45-48
3318709-7	1987	The technique was then used for the study of RBP in human epidermal and dermal extracts; it showed that RBP degradation with loss of binding properties for retinol occurred within the epidermis; this suggests that retinol supply is decreased within the epidermis, a fact that could be linked to cornification.	Vitamin A	214-221	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	104-107
2447102-2	1987	When LP-9 cells are cultured in medium supplemented with vitamin A-depleted serum, they grow with an extreme spindle-shaped morphology and synthesize abundant levels of vimentin, but very little keratin.	Vitamin A	57-66	vimentin	Homo sapiens	169-177
2448570-7	1987	The patchwise expression of acidic keratin 13 in related primaries confirms their heterogeneous phenotype, and may be explained, in part, by cancer cells no longer resistant to terminal differentiation as a result perhaps of an altered micro-environment and/or in response to various effects mediated by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	304-313	keratin 13	Homo sapiens	35-45
3430598-0	1987	Crystal structure of the trigonal form of bovine beta-lactoglobulin and of its complex with retinol at 2.5 A resolution.	Vitamin A	92-99	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	49-67
3430598-7	1987	A difference electron density map between the complex of beta-lactoglobulin with retinol and the native protein shows no significant peaks in the cavity which, in the similar retinol-binding protein, binds the chromophore.	Vitamin A	81-88	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	57-75
3308883-1	1987	Rat cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) is a small (15.6 kDa) intracellular protein that binds all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	41-48
3308883-2	1987	In the adult rat, expression of the CRBP II gene is essentially limited to the small intestinal lining cells (enterocytes), suggesting that CRBP II may be uniquely adapted for intestinal metabolism of newly absorbed retinol.	Vitamin A	216-223	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	36-43
3308883-2	1987	In the adult rat, expression of the CRBP II gene is essentially limited to the small intestinal lining cells (enterocytes), suggesting that CRBP II may be uniquely adapted for intestinal metabolism of newly absorbed retinol.	Vitamin A	216-223	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	140-147
3308883-5	1987	The purified E. coli-derived apoprotein, when complexed with all-trans-retinol, demonstrates fluorescence excitation-emission spectra and absorption spectra indistinguishable from that of CRBP II-retinol isolated from rat intestine.	Vitamin A	61-78	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	188-195
3308883-5	1987	The purified E. coli-derived apoprotein, when complexed with all-trans-retinol, demonstrates fluorescence excitation-emission spectra and absorption spectra indistinguishable from that of CRBP II-retinol isolated from rat intestine.	Vitamin A	70-78	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	188-195
3308883-7	1987	They revealed that E. coli-derived CRBP II binds retinol tightly (the apparent dissociation constant is estimated to be 10(-7)-10(-8) M), with a stoichiometry of 1:1.	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-42
3630966-8	1987	Purified bovine interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) bound exogenous 3H-alpha-tocopherol, which could be displaced by unlabeled all-trans retinol (KD = 10(-6) M).	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	54-58
3676240-7	1987	The combined mean values (microgram/l) for maternal serum retinol for all gestational ages were 193 for LIG and 261 for HIG.	Vitamin A	58-65	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 K	Homo sapiens	104-107
3676240-10	1987	Fetal liver retinol concentrations were much lower than those reported for healthy Thai subjects by Montreewasuwat &amp; Olson (1979) in early pregnancy but showed complete "catch up" in late pregnancy for HIG and to a considerable extent for LIG.	Vitamin A	12-19	ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 K	Homo sapiens	243-246
2840487-5	1988	RBP with preserved affinity for retinol, was present in the epithelium of oral mucosa whereas only degraded RBP was detected in epidermis.	Vitamin A	32-39	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
3595524-3	1987	Our preliminary studies suggested a partial stage synchronization of many seminiferous tubules in VAD male rats subsequently treated with retinol.	Vitamin A	138-145	potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
3678931-3	1987	Prepartum vitamin A injections also resulted in a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), total serum protein and globulin fraction of serum protein in calves of treated cows.	Vitamin A	10-19	MCV	Bos taurus	122-125
3111014-8	1987	The loss of plasma retinol appeared to be a function of depressed levels of the retinol-retinol-binding protein (RBP)-transthyretin ternary complex.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	80-111
3111014-8	1987	The loss of plasma retinol appeared to be a function of depressed levels of the retinol-retinol-binding protein (RBP)-transthyretin ternary complex.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
3603006-3	1987	Radiolabeled all-trans retinol and high-performance liquid chromatography have now been used to demonstrate the existence of an eye-specific, membrane-bound enzyme (retinol isomerase) that converts all-trans to 11-cis retinol in the dark.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	165-182
3603006-3	1987	Radiolabeled all-trans retinol and high-performance liquid chromatography have now been used to demonstrate the existence of an eye-specific, membrane-bound enzyme (retinol isomerase) that converts all-trans to 11-cis retinol in the dark.	Vitamin A	211-225	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	165-182
3603006-4	1987	Retinol isomerase is concentrated in the pigment epithelium; this localization clarifies the role of this tissue in rhodopsin regeneration and explains the need to transfer all-trans retinol from the rod outer segments to the pigment epithelium during the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	183-190	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	0-17
3584132-7	1987	Following incubation of CRALBP X 11-cis-retinol with an equimolar mixture of 9-, 11-, 13-cis-, and all-trans-retinaldehydes, only 11-cis-retinaldehyde and residual 11-cis-retinol are present on the protein following separation from excess retinoids.	Vitamin A	33-47	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Bos taurus	24-30
3584132-7	1987	Following incubation of CRALBP X 11-cis-retinol with an equimolar mixture of 9-, 11-, 13-cis-, and all-trans-retinaldehydes, only 11-cis-retinaldehyde and residual 11-cis-retinol are present on the protein following separation from excess retinoids.	Vitamin A	164-178	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Bos taurus	24-30
3584132-8	1987	A similar result is obtained following incubation of CRALBP X 11-cis-retinol with mixtures of 9- and 11-cis-retinaldehyde ranging in composition from 9:1 to 1:9 (9-cis-:11-cis-,mol/mol).	Vitamin A	62-76	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Bos taurus	53-59
3584132-9	1987	The results indicate that CRALBP X 11-cis-retinol is sufficiently stereoselective in its binding properties to warrant consideration as a component of the mechanism for the generation of 11-cis-retinaldehyde in the dark.	Vitamin A	35-49	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Bos taurus	26-32
2889476-1	1987	The alimentary deficiency of vitamin A causes marked shifts in the metabolism of GSH: the levels of GSH, GSSG and cysteine in the liver increase, while the activities of glutathione-S-transferase (using glycerol as substrate) and gamma-glutamyltransferase in the liver show a rise.	Vitamin A	29-38	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	170-195
3582730-1	1987	The regulation of Sertoli cell transferrin and sulfated glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2) mRNA levels by vitamin A was studied in vitamin A deficient rats.	Vitamin A	94-103	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	31-42
3582730-1	1987	The regulation of Sertoli cell transferrin and sulfated glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2) mRNA levels by vitamin A was studied in vitamin A deficient rats.	Vitamin A	94-103	clusterin	Rattus norvegicus	47-70
3582730-1	1987	The regulation of Sertoli cell transferrin and sulfated glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2) mRNA levels by vitamin A was studied in vitamin A deficient rats.	Vitamin A	94-103	clusterin	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
3582730-1	1987	The regulation of Sertoli cell transferrin and sulfated glycoprotein-2 (SGP-2) mRNA levels by vitamin A was studied in vitamin A deficient rats.	Vitamin A	119-128	clusterin	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
3582730-3	1987	Sertoli cells from vitamin A deficient rats contained 3-fold less transferrin mRNA and 1.8-fold more SGP-2 mRNA than Sertoli cells from normal rats.	Vitamin A	19-28	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	66-77
3582730-3	1987	Sertoli cells from vitamin A deficient rats contained 3-fold less transferrin mRNA and 1.8-fold more SGP-2 mRNA than Sertoli cells from normal rats.	Vitamin A	19-28	clusterin	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
3582730-5	1987	When vitamin A deficient rats were fed a retinol supplemented diet, Sertoli cell transferrin and SGP-2 mRNA levels returned to normal.	Vitamin A	5-14	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	81-92
3582730-5	1987	When vitamin A deficient rats were fed a retinol supplemented diet, Sertoli cell transferrin and SGP-2 mRNA levels returned to normal.	Vitamin A	5-14	clusterin	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
3582730-5	1987	When vitamin A deficient rats were fed a retinol supplemented diet, Sertoli cell transferrin and SGP-2 mRNA levels returned to normal.	Vitamin A	41-48	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	81-92
3582730-5	1987	When vitamin A deficient rats were fed a retinol supplemented diet, Sertoli cell transferrin and SGP-2 mRNA levels returned to normal.	Vitamin A	41-48	clusterin	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
3582730-8	1987	Under these conditions, retinol and retinoic acid both stimulated transferrin mRNA levels but did not affect SGP-2 mRNA levels.	Vitamin A	24-31	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	66-77
3582730-9	1987	Retinol did not inhibit the turnover of transferrin mRNA in Sertoli cell cultures suggesting that the stimulation of transferrin mRNA levels by retinol is due to increased transcription of the transferrin gene.	Vitamin A	144-151	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	117-128
3582730-9	1987	Retinol did not inhibit the turnover of transferrin mRNA in Sertoli cell cultures suggesting that the stimulation of transferrin mRNA levels by retinol is due to increased transcription of the transferrin gene.	Vitamin A	144-151	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	117-128
3611975-1	1987	Human small intestine was found to contain a retinol-binding protein similar to the gut-specific cellular retinol-binding protein, type two [CRBP (II)], described in the rat.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
3611975-1	1987	Human small intestine was found to contain a retinol-binding protein similar to the gut-specific cellular retinol-binding protein, type two [CRBP (II)], described in the rat.	Vitamin A	106-113	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
3584109-1	1987	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) are two highly homologous cytoplasmic proteins that bind all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
3584109-1	1987	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) are two highly homologous cytoplasmic proteins that bind all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	44-79
3584109-1	1987	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinol-binding protein II (CRBP II) are two highly homologous cytoplasmic proteins that bind all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	81-88
3593925-0	1987	[Liver cytochrome P-450 induction in rats by drug preparations and the body vitamin A allowance].	Vitamin A	76-85	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	7-23
3609538-2	1987	The purpose of this investigation was to obtain preliminary in vivo toxicity data on SMR-2(analog of RO) and SMR-6 (analog of RA), arotinoids with promising activity (ED50"s of 20 X 10(-11) and 5 X 10(-11) M, respectively; ED50 of RA = 1 X 10(-11) M) for reversal of keratinization in tracheal organ culture.	Vitamin A	101-103	Scm-like with four mbt domains 1	Mus musculus	85-88
3472205-1	1987	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) may be an important mediator of vitamin A action.	Vitamin A	72-81	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
3472205-1	1987	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) may be an important mediator of vitamin A action.	Vitamin A	72-81	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
3472205-8	1987	Finally, when retinol-deficient rats are fed retinyl acetate for 4 hr, about 4-fold accumulation of CRBP-specific mRNA is observed in the lungs.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
3558378-3	1987	17 of 19 amino acids identified as critical in the retinol-binding pocket of human RBP are identical or conservative replacements in the Xenopus protein.	Vitamin A	51-58	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	83-86
3579304-1	1987	We have reported previously that cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) is able to transfer retinol to specific binding sites in nuclei and chromatin.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
3579304-3	1987	We first determined the ability of apo-CRBP, apo-serum retinol-binding protein (RBP), and apo beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), all capable of retinol binding, to compete with R-CRBP in the transfer of retinol to chromatin and nuclei.	Vitamin A	135-142	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	40-43
3579304-5	1987	On the other hand, cellular retinol-binding protein type II (CRBP(II], whose amino acid sequence shows a considerable similarity to CRBP, did compete for the transfer of retinol from the R-CRBP complex, but less effectively than CRBP.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	61-69
3579304-5	1987	On the other hand, cellular retinol-binding protein type II (CRBP(II], whose amino acid sequence shows a considerable similarity to CRBP, did compete for the transfer of retinol from the R-CRBP complex, but less effectively than CRBP.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	61-65
3579304-5	1987	On the other hand, cellular retinol-binding protein type II (CRBP(II], whose amino acid sequence shows a considerable similarity to CRBP, did compete for the transfer of retinol from the R-CRBP complex, but less effectively than CRBP.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
3579304-5	1987	On the other hand, cellular retinol-binding protein type II (CRBP(II], whose amino acid sequence shows a considerable similarity to CRBP, did compete for the transfer of retinol from the R-CRBP complex, but less effectively than CRBP.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
3453090-4	1987	Our findings suggest a role for ATP in the binding of retinol-cRBP complex to DNA.	Vitamin A	54-61	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	62-66
2883247-3	1987	In vitro maturation and treatment with rIFN-gamma of HPBM were associated with increased binding of tritiated retinol.	Vitamin A	110-117	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
3559266-0	1987	Retinol esterification by mouse epidermal microsomes: evidence for acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferase activity.	Vitamin A	0-7	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	67-99
3559266-7	1987	In conclusion, mouse epidermis expresses ARAT activity which may be of importance for the regulation of vitamin A metabolism at the cellular level.	Vitamin A	104-113	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Mus musculus	41-45
3559267-0	1987	Loss of retinol-binding properties for plasma retinol-binding protein in normal human epidermis.	Vitamin A	8-15	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	46-69
3559267-2	1987	Retinol is distributed to target cells by the retinol-binding protein (RBP), which circulates in the plasma in complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	46-69
3559267-2	1987	Retinol is distributed to target cells by the retinol-binding protein (RBP), which circulates in the plasma in complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	71-74
3559267-2	1987	Retinol is distributed to target cells by the retinol-binding protein (RBP), which circulates in the plasma in complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	0-7	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	124-137
3559267-2	1987	Retinol is distributed to target cells by the retinol-binding protein (RBP), which circulates in the plasma in complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	0-7	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	139-142
3559267-3	1987	In this study we have addressed the question of retinol delivery to the epidermis via RBP.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	86-89
3559267-4	1987	Retinol radiobinding assays, affinity chromatography with TTR coupled to Sepharose beads, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunoblotting techniques were used to show that epidermal extracts contain retinol binding sites with no affinity for TTR.	Vitamin A	206-213	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	249-252
3559267-7	1987	Epidermal RBP was converted in vitro into the holoform only after addition of 20 times more retinol, which was needed to reconstitute holoforms of RBP in dermal extracts, human buccal mucosal extracts, and delipidized normal serum or purified delipidized RBP.	Vitamin A	92-99	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	10-13
3559267-7	1987	Epidermal RBP was converted in vitro into the holoform only after addition of 20 times more retinol, which was needed to reconstitute holoforms of RBP in dermal extracts, human buccal mucosal extracts, and delipidized normal serum or purified delipidized RBP.	Vitamin A	92-99	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	147-150
3559267-7	1987	Epidermal RBP was converted in vitro into the holoform only after addition of 20 times more retinol, which was needed to reconstitute holoforms of RBP in dermal extracts, human buccal mucosal extracts, and delipidized normal serum or purified delipidized RBP.	Vitamin A	92-99	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	147-150
3559267-10	1987	These results suggest that degradation of RBP within the epidermis may result in a decreased retinol supply to the keratinocytes, and may lead to the cornification of the epidermis.	Vitamin A	93-100	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	42-45
3034940-1	1987	Radical species were detected in the incubation mixtures of some retinoids (retinoic acid, retinal, retinol and retinyl acetate) by using the spin-trapping technique.	Vitamin A	100-107	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	142-146
3034940-3	1987	The spin-adducts were eluted in the order retinoic acid, retinol, retinyl acetate, in a similar manner to the retinoids themselves.	Vitamin A	57-64	spindlin 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
3558401-0	1987	Vitamin A uptake from retinol-binding protein in a cell-free system from pigment epithelial cells of bovine retina.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	22-45
3558401-1	1987	Retinol transfer from plasma retinol-binding protein to cytoplasmic retinol-binding protein with retinyl-ester formation as the intermediate step.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	29-52
3558401-1	1987	Retinol transfer from plasma retinol-binding protein to cytoplasmic retinol-binding protein with retinyl-ester formation as the intermediate step.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	56-91
3558401-2	1987	We have investigated the steps by which retinol, released from plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), enters the cells and is accumulated for the most part as a retinyl-ester, only a small fraction of it being present as a complex with cytoplasmic retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	40-47	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	70-93
3558401-2	1987	We have investigated the steps by which retinol, released from plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), enters the cells and is accumulated for the most part as a retinyl-ester, only a small fraction of it being present as a complex with cytoplasmic retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	40-47	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	95-98
3558401-2	1987	We have investigated the steps by which retinol, released from plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), enters the cells and is accumulated for the most part as a retinyl-ester, only a small fraction of it being present as a complex with cytoplasmic retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	40-47	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	235-270
3558401-2	1987	We have investigated the steps by which retinol, released from plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), enters the cells and is accumulated for the most part as a retinyl-ester, only a small fraction of it being present as a complex with cytoplasmic retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	40-47	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	272-276
3558401-3	1987	For this purpose, we have developed a cell-free system composed of plasma membrane-enriched fractions from bovine retinal pigment epithelium which selectively incorporates exogenous vitamin A when presented as a retinol-RBP complex.	Vitamin A	182-191	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	220-223
3558401-4	1987	Upon incubation in the presence of [3H]retinol-RBP, isolated plasma membrane fractions take up and esterify retinol.	Vitamin A	39-46	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	47-50
3558401-4	1987	Upon incubation in the presence of [3H]retinol-RBP, isolated plasma membrane fractions take up and esterify retinol.	Vitamin A	108-115	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	47-50
3558401-6	1987	Evidence is presented that retinol bound to a plasma membrane receptor sharing functional and structural similarities with CRBP is the actual substrate for esterification.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	123-127
3558401-8	1987	Mobilization of retinol stored as a membrane-bound retinyl-ester is mediated by a membrane-associated hydrolase activity selectively controlled by the level of apo-CRBP which acts as a carrier for the released retinol.	Vitamin A	16-23	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	164-168
3558401-8	1987	Mobilization of retinol stored as a membrane-bound retinyl-ester is mediated by a membrane-associated hydrolase activity selectively controlled by the level of apo-CRBP which acts as a carrier for the released retinol.	Vitamin A	210-217	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	164-168
3558401-9	1987	Up to 90% of membrane-bound vitamin A is released upon incubation in the presence of apo-CRBP (11 microM) with concomitant formation of retinol-CRBP.	Vitamin A	28-37	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	89-93
3558401-9	1987	Up to 90% of membrane-bound vitamin A is released upon incubation in the presence of apo-CRBP (11 microM) with concomitant formation of retinol-CRBP.	Vitamin A	28-37	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	144-148
3558401-10	1987	The overall process, in which retinol never needs to leave its binding proteins, allows the accumulation of vitamin A in the form of a membrane-bound retinyl-ester and its regulated mobilization as a retinol-CRBP complex.	Vitamin A	30-37	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	208-212
3558401-10	1987	The overall process, in which retinol never needs to leave its binding proteins, allows the accumulation of vitamin A in the form of a membrane-bound retinyl-ester and its regulated mobilization as a retinol-CRBP complex.	Vitamin A	108-117	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	208-212
3558401-10	1987	The overall process, in which retinol never needs to leave its binding proteins, allows the accumulation of vitamin A in the form of a membrane-bound retinyl-ester and its regulated mobilization as a retinol-CRBP complex.	Vitamin A	200-207	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	208-212
3566789-3	1987	Topically applied retinol is about 2-fold less potent at inducing epidermal hyperplasia and 7-fold less potent at inhibiting the induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase by phorbol esters than all-trans-retinoic acid in this strain of mice.	Vitamin A	18-25	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	152-175
3566730-5	1987	reconstitution of holo-RBP using apo-RBP from delipidized serum was achieved only after its incubation with natural all-trans-retinoids such as retinol, 3-dehydroretinol and retinoic acid but not with synthetic analogs of retinoic acid (13-cis-retinoic acid, TMMP, 13-cis-TMMP, TTNPB).	Vitamin A	144-151	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	23-26
3566730-5	1987	reconstitution of holo-RBP using apo-RBP from delipidized serum was achieved only after its incubation with natural all-trans-retinoids such as retinol, 3-dehydroretinol and retinoic acid but not with synthetic analogs of retinoic acid (13-cis-retinoic acid, TMMP, 13-cis-TMMP, TTNPB).	Vitamin A	144-151	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	37-40
3297749-1	1987	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is a glycoprotein found in the interphotoreceptor matrix between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium and is thought to shuttle retinol among cells that border the interphotoreceptor space.	Vitamin A	201-208	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: retinol-binding protein 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-43
3297749-1	1987	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is a glycoprotein found in the interphotoreceptor matrix between the neurosensory retina and the retinal pigment epithelium and is thought to shuttle retinol among cells that border the interphotoreceptor space.	Vitamin A	201-208	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: retinol-binding protein 3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	45-49
2435648-3	1987	Less than 10% of the desmin-positive cells were positive for vitamin A auto-fluorescence.	Vitamin A	61-70	desmin	Rattus norvegicus	21-27
2435648-4	1987	However, the number of vitamin A-positive cells increased with vitamin A treatment, and they extended to over half of the desmin-positive cells by the first week of vitamin A treatment.	Vitamin A	23-32	desmin	Rattus norvegicus	122-128
3029143-1	1987	[3H]Retinoic acid (RA) and [3H]retinol bind in an unsaturable manner to isolated nuclei from Nulli-SCC1 and PCC4.aza1R embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells.	Vitamin A	31-38	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, J	Mus musculus	99-103
3029143-5	1987	However, treatment with the detergent after the binding reaction is complete removes about half of the bound [3H]RA-CRABP and almost all of the bound [3H]retinol-CRBP.	Vitamin A	154-161	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	162-166
3029143-9	1987	By contrast, similar extracts from Nulli-SCC1 cells treated with retinol bound large amounts of both [3H]retinol and [3H]RA.	Vitamin A	65-72	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, J	Mus musculus	41-45
3029143-9	1987	By contrast, similar extracts from Nulli-SCC1 cells treated with retinol bound large amounts of both [3H]retinol and [3H]RA.	Vitamin A	105-112	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, J	Mus musculus	41-45
3572557-13	1987	It is suggested that retinol transport in the fetus may involve RBP and TTR synthesized in the yolk sac as well as in fetal tissue.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
3572557-13	1987	It is suggested that retinol transport in the fetus may involve RBP and TTR synthesized in the yolk sac as well as in fetal tissue.	Vitamin A	21-28	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
3033868-6	1987	In seventeen hours elapsing from two administrations of the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) when the increased secretion of corticosteroids was fading out, only the vitamin A concentration in suckling piglets was found to drop.	Vitamin A	169-178	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	90-94
3818619-2	1987	Retinol (vitamin A alcohol) presented as a complex with CRBP(II) was found here to be esterified by microsomal preparations from rat small intestinal mucosa.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	56-64
3818619-2	1987	Retinol (vitamin A alcohol) presented as a complex with CRBP(II) was found here to be esterified by microsomal preparations from rat small intestinal mucosa.	Vitamin A	9-18	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	56-64
3818619-5	1987	The apparent Km for retinol-CRBP(II) in the reaction with endogenous acyl donor was 2.4 X 10(-7) M. Retinol presented as a complex with CRBP(II) was esterified more than retinol presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein or retinol-binding protein, two other proteins known to bind retinol in vivo, but about the same as retinol presented bound to bovine serum albumin or beta-lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	28-36
3818619-5	1987	The apparent Km for retinol-CRBP(II) in the reaction with endogenous acyl donor was 2.4 X 10(-7) M. Retinol presented as a complex with CRBP(II) was esterified more than retinol presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein or retinol-binding protein, two other proteins known to bind retinol in vivo, but about the same as retinol presented bound to bovine serum albumin or beta-lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	136-144
3818619-5	1987	The apparent Km for retinol-CRBP(II) in the reaction with endogenous acyl donor was 2.4 X 10(-7) M. Retinol presented as a complex with CRBP(II) was esterified more than retinol presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein or retinol-binding protein, two other proteins known to bind retinol in vivo, but about the same as retinol presented bound to bovine serum albumin or beta-lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	20-27	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	373-386
3818619-5	1987	The apparent Km for retinol-CRBP(II) in the reaction with endogenous acyl donor was 2.4 X 10(-7) M. Retinol presented as a complex with CRBP(II) was esterified more than retinol presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein or retinol-binding protein, two other proteins known to bind retinol in vivo, but about the same as retinol presented bound to bovine serum albumin or beta-lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	28-36
3818619-5	1987	The apparent Km for retinol-CRBP(II) in the reaction with endogenous acyl donor was 2.4 X 10(-7) M. Retinol presented as a complex with CRBP(II) was esterified more than retinol presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein or retinol-binding protein, two other proteins known to bind retinol in vivo, but about the same as retinol presented bound to bovine serum albumin or beta-lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	136-144
3818619-5	1987	The apparent Km for retinol-CRBP(II) in the reaction with endogenous acyl donor was 2.4 X 10(-7) M. Retinol presented as a complex with CRBP(II) was esterified more than retinol presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein or retinol-binding protein, two other proteins known to bind retinol in vivo, but about the same as retinol presented bound to bovine serum albumin or beta-lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	100-107	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	373-386
3818619-5	1987	The apparent Km for retinol-CRBP(II) in the reaction with endogenous acyl donor was 2.4 X 10(-7) M. Retinol presented as a complex with CRBP(II) was esterified more than retinol presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein or retinol-binding protein, two other proteins known to bind retinol in vivo, but about the same as retinol presented bound to bovine serum albumin or beta-lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	170-177	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	28-36
3818619-5	1987	The apparent Km for retinol-CRBP(II) in the reaction with endogenous acyl donor was 2.4 X 10(-7) M. Retinol presented as a complex with CRBP(II) was esterified more than retinol presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein or retinol-binding protein, two other proteins known to bind retinol in vivo, but about the same as retinol presented bound to bovine serum albumin or beta-lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	170-177	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	136-144
3818619-5	1987	The apparent Km for retinol-CRBP(II) in the reaction with endogenous acyl donor was 2.4 X 10(-7) M. Retinol presented as a complex with CRBP(II) was esterified more than retinol presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein or retinol-binding protein, two other proteins known to bind retinol in vivo, but about the same as retinol presented bound to bovine serum albumin or beta-lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	170-177	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	28-36
3818619-5	1987	The apparent Km for retinol-CRBP(II) in the reaction with endogenous acyl donor was 2.4 X 10(-7) M. Retinol presented as a complex with CRBP(II) was esterified more than retinol presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein or retinol-binding protein, two other proteins known to bind retinol in vivo, but about the same as retinol presented bound to bovine serum albumin or beta-lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	170-177	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	136-144
3818619-5	1987	The apparent Km for retinol-CRBP(II) in the reaction with endogenous acyl donor was 2.4 X 10(-7) M. Retinol presented as a complex with CRBP(II) was esterified more than retinol presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein or retinol-binding protein, two other proteins known to bind retinol in vivo, but about the same as retinol presented bound to bovine serum albumin or beta-lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	170-177	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	28-36
3818619-5	1987	The apparent Km for retinol-CRBP(II) in the reaction with endogenous acyl donor was 2.4 X 10(-7) M. Retinol presented as a complex with CRBP(II) was esterified more than retinol presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein or retinol-binding protein, two other proteins known to bind retinol in vivo, but about the same as retinol presented bound to bovine serum albumin or beta-lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	170-177	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	136-144
3818619-5	1987	The apparent Km for retinol-CRBP(II) in the reaction with endogenous acyl donor was 2.4 X 10(-7) M. Retinol presented as a complex with CRBP(II) was esterified more than retinol presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein or retinol-binding protein, two other proteins known to bind retinol in vivo, but about the same as retinol presented bound to bovine serum albumin or beta-lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	170-177	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	28-36
3818619-5	1987	The apparent Km for retinol-CRBP(II) in the reaction with endogenous acyl donor was 2.4 X 10(-7) M. Retinol presented as a complex with CRBP(II) was esterified more than retinol presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein or retinol-binding protein, two other proteins known to bind retinol in vivo, but about the same as retinol presented bound to bovine serum albumin or beta-lactoglobulin.	Vitamin A	170-177	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	136-144
3818619-7	1987	However, whereas retinol bound to CRBP(II) was unavailable for esterification in any acyl-CoA-dependent reaction, retinol bound to bovine serum albumin was rapidly esterified in a reaction utilizing exogenous acyl-CoA.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	34-42
3818619-7	1987	However, whereas retinol bound to CRBP(II) was unavailable for esterification in any acyl-CoA-dependent reaction, retinol bound to bovine serum albumin was rapidly esterified in a reaction utilizing exogenous acyl-CoA.	Vitamin A	114-121	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	138-151
3818619-8	1987	The results suggest that one of the functions of CRBP(II) is to accept retinol after it is absorbed or generated from carotenes in the small intestine and present it to the appropriate esterifying enzyme.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	49-57
3733370-4	1986	Intravenous administration of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) also stimulates retinol secretion in a dose-response manner.	Vitamin A	82-89	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	30-59
2822827-2	1987	RBP was synthesized and secreted when cells were grown in retinol-depleted as well as retinol-containing media.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
2822827-2	1987	RBP was synthesized and secreted when cells were grown in retinol-depleted as well as retinol-containing media.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
2822827-5	1987	When HepG2 cells were cultured for two or more passages in medium containing fetal calf serum depleted of retinol by ultraviolet irradiation, the amounts of RBP in the cells and released to the medium were both significantly increased.	Vitamin A	106-113	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	157-160
2822827-6	1987	When vitamin A (90% as retinyl esters) in the form of chylomicron remnants was presented to cells, there was a significant, dose-dependent redistribution of RBP from cells to medium, both in cells grown in normal fetal calf serum and in retinol-depleted serum.	Vitamin A	5-14	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	157-160
2822827-6	1987	When vitamin A (90% as retinyl esters) in the form of chylomicron remnants was presented to cells, there was a significant, dose-dependent redistribution of RBP from cells to medium, both in cells grown in normal fetal calf serum and in retinol-depleted serum.	Vitamin A	237-244	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	157-160
2822827-7	1987	These data indicate that the secretion of RBP by HepG2 can occur constitutively in the absence of retinol, but that secretion can be enhanced and regulated by retinol delivered by the chylomicron remnant.	Vitamin A	98-105	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	42-45
2822827-7	1987	These data indicate that the secretion of RBP by HepG2 can occur constitutively in the absence of retinol, but that secretion can be enhanced and regulated by retinol delivered by the chylomicron remnant.	Vitamin A	159-166	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	42-45
3474921-9	1987	Moreover, cytochrome P-450-catalyzed oxidation of retinol is accelerated in liver microsomes, which may contribute to the hepatic vitamin A depletion seen in alcoholics.	Vitamin A	50-57	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	10-26
3474921-9	1987	Moreover, cytochrome P-450-catalyzed oxidation of retinol is accelerated in liver microsomes, which may contribute to the hepatic vitamin A depletion seen in alcoholics.	Vitamin A	130-139	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	10-26
3030555-1	1987	Retinoic acid (RA), a naturally occurring metabolite of vitamin A, increased the number of receptors for nerve growth factor (NGF) in cultured human neuroblastoma cells (LA-N-1), as indicated by an immunofluorescence assay of cell surface receptors and by specific binding of 125I-NGF to solubilized receptors.	Vitamin A	56-65	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	105-124
3030555-1	1987	Retinoic acid (RA), a naturally occurring metabolite of vitamin A, increased the number of receptors for nerve growth factor (NGF) in cultured human neuroblastoma cells (LA-N-1), as indicated by an immunofluorescence assay of cell surface receptors and by specific binding of 125I-NGF to solubilized receptors.	Vitamin A	56-65	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	126-129
2826263-2	1987	One is the retinol-binding protein (RBP, the plasma carrier of natural vitamin A, retinol, which was found to also bind retinoic acid (RA) in vitro.	Vitamin A	71-80	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	36-39
2826263-2	1987	One is the retinol-binding protein (RBP, the plasma carrier of natural vitamin A, retinol, which was found to also bind retinoic acid (RA) in vitro.	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	36-39
2826263-6	1987	A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis binding assay was developed for studying cellular retinol-(CRABP) and retinoic acid-(CRABP) binding protein in human skin cytosolic extracts.	Vitamin A	87-94	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	96-101
3654102-4	1987	Hypoxic exposure of rats given ethanol with or without vitamin A, however, restored the depressed cytochrome P-450 activity.	Vitamin A	55-64	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-114
3025302-1	1987	Since cellular retinol- and retinoic acid-binding proteins (CRBP and CRABP) mediate the effects of vitamin A on epidermal differentiation, the levels of these binding proteins were measured in the epidermal and dermal layers of newborn, human foreskin as well as in primary cultures of keratinocytes and fibroblasts from these layers.	Vitamin A	99-108	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
3025302-1	1987	Since cellular retinol- and retinoic acid-binding proteins (CRBP and CRABP) mediate the effects of vitamin A on epidermal differentiation, the levels of these binding proteins were measured in the epidermal and dermal layers of newborn, human foreskin as well as in primary cultures of keratinocytes and fibroblasts from these layers.	Vitamin A	99-108	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	69-74
3025324-1	1986	A study was conducted to explore the effects of retinoic acid, fed to retinol-deficient rats, on the tissue distribution and levels of cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP).	Vitamin A	70-77	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-167
3025324-5	1986	Analysis of the data indicated that only the CRBP level of the proximal epididymis in the retinol-deficient/retinoic acid group differed significantly from (was lower than) the corresponding control level, at the 1% confidence level.	Vitamin A	90-97	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
3094194-0	1986	Binding of a metabolite of 3,4,3",4"-tetrachlorobiphenyl to transthyretin reduces serum vitamin A transport by inhibiting the formation of the protein complex carrying both retinol and thyroxin.	Vitamin A	88-97	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	60-73
3094194-0	1986	Binding of a metabolite of 3,4,3",4"-tetrachlorobiphenyl to transthyretin reduces serum vitamin A transport by inhibiting the formation of the protein complex carrying both retinol and thyroxin.	Vitamin A	173-180	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	60-73
3094194-2	1986	Analysis of [3H]retinol-labeled serum proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed association of retinol with two proteins that were identified as retinol binding protein (RBP) and the RBP complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	16-23	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	189-192
3094194-2	1986	Analysis of [3H]retinol-labeled serum proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed association of retinol with two proteins that were identified as retinol binding protein (RBP) and the RBP complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	16-23	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	202-205
3094194-2	1986	Analysis of [3H]retinol-labeled serum proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed association of retinol with two proteins that were identified as retinol binding protein (RBP) and the RBP complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	114-121	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	164-187
3094194-2	1986	Analysis of [3H]retinol-labeled serum proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed association of retinol with two proteins that were identified as retinol binding protein (RBP) and the RBP complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	114-121	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	189-192
3094194-2	1986	Analysis of [3H]retinol-labeled serum proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed association of retinol with two proteins that were identified as retinol binding protein (RBP) and the RBP complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	114-121	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	202-205
3094194-2	1986	Analysis of [3H]retinol-labeled serum proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed association of retinol with two proteins that were identified as retinol binding protein (RBP) and the RBP complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	114-121	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	219-232
3094194-2	1986	Analysis of [3H]retinol-labeled serum proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed association of retinol with two proteins that were identified as retinol binding protein (RBP) and the RBP complex with transthyretin (TTR).	Vitamin A	114-121	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	234-237
3094194-8	1986	These data indicate a direct interaction of a metabolite of TCB with TTR leading to an inhibition of formation of the serum transport protein complex carrying both retinol and thyroxin.	Vitamin A	164-171	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	69-72
3093630-6	1986	Frog IRBP was very similar to mammalian IRBP in terms of its immunohistochemical distribution (determined with rabbit anti-frog IRBP antibodies), its molecular weight (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel-filtration chromatography), retinol- and concanavalin A-binding ability, and because it was synthesized and secreted in vitro by the isolated retina but not by the pigmented layers of eye.	Vitamin A	262-269	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	5-9
3747550-4	1986	The inhibition by all trans-retinoic acid of ornithine decarboxylase induced by cellotape stripping was dose dependent as was found to be the case for arotinoid, retinol, Ro-10-1670, motretinid, 13-cis-retinoic acid, etretinate, and vitamin A.	Vitamin A	162-169	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-68
3454798-0	1987	Vitamin A-enhanced cleft palate susceptibility associated with H-2.	Vitamin A	0-9	histocompatibility-2, MHC	Mus musculus	63-66
3793729-1	1987	Earlier work from our laboratory had shown that vitamin A-deficient rats had increased levels of fibronectin in their serum.	Vitamin A	48-57	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-108
3793729-2	1987	To explain this result, we investigated the mechanism whereby vitamin A deficiency affects the production of fibronectin by liver and hepatocytes, since liver is the known source of plasma fibronectin.	Vitamin A	62-71	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-120
3793729-3	1987	By use of cDNA specific for rat liver fibronectin, we showed that livers of vitamin A-deficient rats had a 2-4-fold increase in the level of fibronectin mRNA and also a higher transcription rate.	Vitamin A	76-85	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-49
3793729-3	1987	By use of cDNA specific for rat liver fibronectin, we showed that livers of vitamin A-deficient rats had a 2-4-fold increase in the level of fibronectin mRNA and also a higher transcription rate.	Vitamin A	76-85	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-152
3793729-8	1987	Thus, vitamin A appears to regulate the synthesis of fibronectin through its action on fibronectin mRNA transcription.	Vitamin A	6-15	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-64
3793729-8	1987	Thus, vitamin A appears to regulate the synthesis of fibronectin through its action on fibronectin mRNA transcription.	Vitamin A	6-15	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-98
3662139-4	1987	Relations between retinol and RBP metabolism are known.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	30-33
2833143-2	1987	Studies on CRBP and CRABP suggest that both retinol and retinoic acid are involved in maintaining testicular function.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	11-15
2833143-2	1987	Studies on CRBP and CRABP suggest that both retinol and retinoic acid are involved in maintaining testicular function.	Vitamin A	44-51	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
3567383-2	1987	Retinol deficient rats fed with retinoic acid (all-trans) show a mucosal ODC induction, but no morphological lesion.	Vitamin A	0-7	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
3567383-4	1987	In the liver of vitamin A deficient rats treated with NBMA, a stimulation of the ODC system, without any macroscopical lesions, has been observed.	Vitamin A	16-25	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
3023031-5	1987	The results showed a 2- to 4-fold increase in the level of transferrin mRNA, which peaked on the fourth day of culture after initiation of treatment, with FSH, insulin, retinol, and testosterone.	Vitamin A	169-176	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	59-70
3023031-9	1987	These results demonstrate the important role that vitamin A, testosterone, and peptide hormones play in modulating transferrin gene expression in Sertoli cells.	Vitamin A	50-59	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	115-126
3034814-3	1987	The Zn and Fe levels in erythrocytes and serum albumin and ceruloplasmin were also affected in a similar fashion by low or high vitamin A diets.	Vitamin A	128-137	ceruloplasmin	Gallus gallus	59-72
3805126-1	1987	Studies were conducted to explore the regulation of retinol-binding protein (RBP) metabolism in cultured primary hepatocytes from retinol-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
3805126-2	1987	Newly isolated hepatocytes from retinol-deficient rats contained elevated levels (3.4-fold) of RBP, compared to hepatocytes from normal (retinol-adequate) rats.	Vitamin A	32-39	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
3805126-3	1987	Addition of retinol to retinol-depleted hepatocytes stimulated RBP secretion by the cells in a concentration-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
3805126-3	1987	Addition of retinol to retinol-depleted hepatocytes stimulated RBP secretion by the cells in a concentration-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
3805126-4	1987	Maximal stimulation of RBP secretion was seen with a retinol level of 0.3 micrograms/ml.	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
3805126-6	1987	Stimulation of RBP secretion was only seen during the first few hours after retinol addition.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
3805126-7	1987	The effect of retinol was specific for RBP; thus, retinol had no effect on the secretion rates of transthyretin or albumin.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
3805126-8	1987	Addition of retinoic acid also stimulated RBP secretion by retinol-deficient hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	59-66	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
3805126-14	1987	In contrast, and as shown previously in intact rats, in retinol deficiency the availability of retinol specifically regulates the secretion of RBP by hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	56-63	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
3802893-8	1986	The 3H retinol-incorporated tear prealbumin did not exhibit the characteristic UV spectrum of retinol; however, it did display emission and excitation fluorescence spectra at high concentrations similar to serum retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	7-14	lipocalin 1	Homo sapiens	28-43
3802893-8	1986	The 3H retinol-incorporated tear prealbumin did not exhibit the characteristic UV spectrum of retinol; however, it did display emission and excitation fluorescence spectra at high concentrations similar to serum retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	94-101	lipocalin 1	Homo sapiens	28-43
3802893-8	1986	The 3H retinol-incorporated tear prealbumin did not exhibit the characteristic UV spectrum of retinol; however, it did display emission and excitation fluorescence spectra at high concentrations similar to serum retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	94-101	lipocalin 1	Homo sapiens	28-43
3785406-5	1986	A possible binding site for retinol in BLG has been identified by model-building.	Vitamin A	28-35	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	39-42
3785406-6	1986	This suggests a role for BLG in vitamin A transport and we have discovered specific receptors for the BLG-retinol complex in the intestine of neonate calves.	Vitamin A	106-113	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	102-105
3773529-0	1986	Androgen binding protein levels and FSH binding to testicular membranes in vitamin A deficient rats and during subsequent replenishment with vitamin A.	Vitamin A	75-84	sex hormone binding globulin	Rattus norvegicus	0-24
3773529-0	1986	Androgen binding protein levels and FSH binding to testicular membranes in vitamin A deficient rats and during subsequent replenishment with vitamin A.	Vitamin A	141-150	sex hormone binding globulin	Rattus norvegicus	0-24
3773529-1	1986	ABP levels in the testes and epididymides of vitamin A deficient-retinoic acid maintained rats were only 20 and 6% respectively as compared with those in normal rats.	Vitamin A	45-54	sex hormone binding globulin	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
3751963-5	1986	The wide distribution of CRBP in human organs stresses the importance of this protein in the metabolism of vitamin A throughout the body.	Vitamin A	107-116	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
3733370-4	1986	Intravenous administration of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) also stimulates retinol secretion in a dose-response manner.	Vitamin A	82-89	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
3721783-4	1986	The presence of IRBP in the vitreous was confirmed by Western blot and 3H-retinol binding studies.	Vitamin A	74-81	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	16-20
3461459-5	1986	Both polypeptides contain reactive thiol groups, but the rate of disruption of CRBP II-retinol complexes by p-chloromercuribenzoate is greater than that of CRBP-retinol.	Vitamin A	87-94	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	79-86
3461459-5	1986	Both polypeptides contain reactive thiol groups, but the rate of disruption of CRBP II-retinol complexes by p-chloromercuribenzoate is greater than that of CRBP-retinol.	Vitamin A	87-94	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
3461459-11	1986	They also support the concept that CRBP II plays a role in the intestinal absorption or esterification of retinol and suggest that changes in hepatic metabolism of vitamin A occur during development.	Vitamin A	106-113	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-42
3013795-7	1986	Production of labelled retinyl ester is competitively inhibited when incubations include an excess of holo-RBP containing non-radioactive retinol.	Vitamin A	138-145	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	107-110
3013795-8	1986	These results indicate that RBP not only binds to the receptor specifically, but also that this interaction is functional, effecting uptake of retinol by the RPE cells.	Vitamin A	143-150	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	28-31
2425004-1	1986	Cellular retinol (CRBP)-and retinoic acid (CRABP)-binding proteins were determined in samples of lesional and nonlesional skin of psoriatic patients, before and during oral administration of a synthetic retinoid, Etretin (Ro 10-1670).	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
3749001-1	1986	The mechanisms involved in the transplacental passage of vitamin A bound to serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) were investigated.	Vitamin A	57-66	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	82-105
3714052-2	1986	Plasma transthyretin (TTR, formerly called prealbumin) is a 55-kd protein that participates in the plasma transport of both thyroxine and retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	138-145	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	7-20
3714052-2	1986	Plasma transthyretin (TTR, formerly called prealbumin) is a 55-kd protein that participates in the plasma transport of both thyroxine and retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	138-145	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	22-25
3714052-2	1986	Plasma transthyretin (TTR, formerly called prealbumin) is a 55-kd protein that participates in the plasma transport of both thyroxine and retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	147-156	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	7-20
3714052-2	1986	Plasma transthyretin (TTR, formerly called prealbumin) is a 55-kd protein that participates in the plasma transport of both thyroxine and retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	147-156	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	22-25
3749001-1	1986	The mechanisms involved in the transplacental passage of vitamin A bound to serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) were investigated.	Vitamin A	57-66	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	107-110
3749001-2	1986	Samples of full-term human placenta were incubated for up to 3 h with 125I-RBP or [3H]retinol-RBP.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	94-97
3749001-5	1986	The placental uptake of both compounds was dependent on temperature and could be inhibited by adding unlabelled retinol-RBP.	Vitamin A	112-119	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	120-123
3749001-8	1986	The results illustrate two possible mechanisms by which vitamin A can pass the placental membranes: a direct transfer of retinol-RBP involving cellular uptake and release of the protein-ligand complex; cellular uptake of retinol by a cell-surface receptor specific for RBP, transient esterification of retinol, and release of the vitamin into fetal serum.	Vitamin A	56-65	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	129-132
3749001-8	1986	The results illustrate two possible mechanisms by which vitamin A can pass the placental membranes: a direct transfer of retinol-RBP involving cellular uptake and release of the protein-ligand complex; cellular uptake of retinol by a cell-surface receptor specific for RBP, transient esterification of retinol, and release of the vitamin into fetal serum.	Vitamin A	56-65	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	269-272
3749001-8	1986	The results illustrate two possible mechanisms by which vitamin A can pass the placental membranes: a direct transfer of retinol-RBP involving cellular uptake and release of the protein-ligand complex; cellular uptake of retinol by a cell-surface receptor specific for RBP, transient esterification of retinol, and release of the vitamin into fetal serum.	Vitamin A	121-128	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	129-132
3754273-10	1986	It is possible that this extra-hepatically synthesized RBP may function in the recycling of retinol from these tissues back to the liver or to other target organs.	Vitamin A	92-99	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	55-58
3013093-4	1986	If CRABP charged with nonlabeled retinoic acid was included in the incubation, binding of radioactivity was diminished, whereas inclusion of free retinoic acid, or the complex of retinol with cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP) or serum retinol binding protein had no effect.	Vitamin A	179-186	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-224
3013093-9	1986	Further, CRBP, the putative mediator of retinol action, was found to enable retinol to be bound to testicular nuclei, in an interaction similar to the binding of retinol to liver nuclei described previously.	Vitamin A	40-47	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
3013093-9	1986	Further, CRBP, the putative mediator of retinol action, was found to enable retinol to be bound to testicular nuclei, in an interaction similar to the binding of retinol to liver nuclei described previously.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
3013093-9	1986	Further, CRBP, the putative mediator of retinol action, was found to enable retinol to be bound to testicular nuclei, in an interaction similar to the binding of retinol to liver nuclei described previously.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
3086082-4	1986	In the case of chicks receiving a low vitamin A--low iodine semipurified diet and exposed to the PCB congener, the hypothyroid response was apparently antagonized.	Vitamin A	38-47	pyruvate carboxylase	Homo sapiens	97-100
3754874-5	1986	This paper shows that purpurin is a secretory protein that has sequence homology with a human protein synthesized in the liver that transports retinol in the blood, the serum retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	143-150	retinol binding protein 4	Gallus gallus	22-30
3754874-5	1986	This paper shows that purpurin is a secretory protein that has sequence homology with a human protein synthesized in the liver that transports retinol in the blood, the serum retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	143-150	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	175-198
3754874-5	1986	This paper shows that purpurin is a secretory protein that has sequence homology with a human protein synthesized in the liver that transports retinol in the blood, the serum retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	143-150	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	200-203
3754874-6	1986	Purpurin binds [3H]retinol, and both purpurin and chick serum RBP stimulate the adhesion of neural retina cells, although the serum protein is less active than purpurin.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4	Gallus gallus	0-8
3486171-1	1986	Interstitial retinol binding protein (IRBP) is a soluble glycoprotein found in the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) and implicated in shuttling retinol between retina and pigment epithelium (PE) cells.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	38-42
3002830-4	1986	Binding experiments with 125I-labelled EGF showed that retinol had only a small (if any) reducing effect on the numbers of EGF receptors.	Vitamin A	55-62	pro-epidermal growth factor	Mesocricetus auratus	123-126
3747550-4	1986	The inhibition by all trans-retinoic acid of ornithine decarboxylase induced by cellotape stripping was dose dependent as was found to be the case for arotinoid, retinol, Ro-10-1670, motretinid, 13-cis-retinoic acid, etretinate, and vitamin A.	Vitamin A	233-242	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-68
3011371-4	1986	For granulocytic maturation induced by vitamin A or DMSO, MPO and cell volume decreased by 50%, maintaining a constant mean cellular MPO concentration throughout maturation from promyelocyte to neutrophil-like forms.	Vitamin A	39-48	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	58-61
3011371-4	1986	For granulocytic maturation induced by vitamin A or DMSO, MPO and cell volume decreased by 50%, maintaining a constant mean cellular MPO concentration throughout maturation from promyelocyte to neutrophil-like forms.	Vitamin A	39-48	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	133-136
3723258-3	1986	As retinol enters intestinal lymph as retinyl esters, the enzyme acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) may be of importance for retinol absorption.	Vitamin A	3-10	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	65-97
3723258-3	1986	As retinol enters intestinal lymph as retinyl esters, the enzyme acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) may be of importance for retinol absorption.	Vitamin A	3-10	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	99-103
3723258-3	1986	As retinol enters intestinal lymph as retinyl esters, the enzyme acyl-CoA:retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) may be of importance for retinol absorption.	Vitamin A	74-81	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	99-103
2940107-0	1986	Ocular alcohol dehydrogenase in the rat: regional distribution and kinetics of the ADH-1 isoenzyme with retinol and retinal.	Vitamin A	104-111	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
2940107-7	1986	Purified ADH-1 shows a low Km for retinol oxidation (20 microM) and for retinal reduction (30 microM) indicating that this isoenzyme may have a function in the metabolism of retinoids.	Vitamin A	34-41	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	9-14
3525734-2	1986	Although the retinol-treated cells undergo morphological change, show reduced levels of the surface antigen SSEA-1 and possess increased surface reactivity with antifibronectin serum, the extent of phenotypic change of NR1 cells in response to retinol is not so great as that following treatment with retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	13-20	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1)	Mus musculus	219-222
3525734-2	1986	Although the retinol-treated cells undergo morphological change, show reduced levels of the surface antigen SSEA-1 and possess increased surface reactivity with antifibronectin serum, the extent of phenotypic change of NR1 cells in response to retinol is not so great as that following treatment with retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	244-251	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1)	Mus musculus	219-222
3525734-4	1986	The increased adherence of NR1 cells to glass coverslips in the presence of retinol suggests that stronger interaction with the substratum is responsible for the observed alteration in appearance of the cells.	Vitamin A	76-83	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1)	Mus musculus	27-30
3525734-5	1986	It is possible that NR1 cells exposed to retinol progress no further than a reversible, early stage of differentiation.	Vitamin A	41-48	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1)	Mus musculus	20-23
3958806-7	1986	Lower doses of vitamin A, 7.5 mg RE 3 times a week for 3 wk, suppressed serum bioactive-PTH to undetectable levels but had no significant effect on serum 25-OHD.	Vitamin A	15-24	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
3005317-5	1986	The SCCM from Sertoli cells incubated with insulin contained 1.42 ng eq of EGF/ml; testosterone, retinol, and FSH (in the presence of insulin) further increased the secretion of this EGF competing activity to 2.09, 2.56, and 3.22 ng eq/ml, respectively.	Vitamin A	97-104	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
3005317-5	1986	The SCCM from Sertoli cells incubated with insulin contained 1.42 ng eq of EGF/ml; testosterone, retinol, and FSH (in the presence of insulin) further increased the secretion of this EGF competing activity to 2.09, 2.56, and 3.22 ng eq/ml, respectively.	Vitamin A	97-104	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	183-186
3002830-4	1986	Binding experiments with 125I-labelled EGF showed that retinol had only a small (if any) reducing effect on the numbers of EGF receptors.	Vitamin A	55-62	pro-epidermal growth factor	Mesocricetus auratus	39-42
3705507-1	1986	Keeping male rats within a month on a ration deficient in vitamin A led to a distinct decrease in content of cytochrome P-450, in activities of carboxylase, epoxide hydrolase, aniline hydrolase and to a slight inhibition of UDP-glucuronosyl transferase in live tissue.	Vitamin A	58-67	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-125
3705507-4	1986	The administration of T-2 toxin under conditions of deficiency in vitamin A caused especially distinct inhibition of the enzymes involved in the 1 phase of xenobiotic metabolism but it was accompanied by only slight increase in T-2 toxicosis.	Vitamin A	66-75	brachyury 2	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
3754273-1	1986	A retinol-binding protein (RBP) cDNA clone was used to examine the effect of retinol status on the level of RBP mRNA in the liver, and to explore whether extrahepatic tissues contain RBP mRNA.	Vitamin A	2-9	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
3788717-2	1986	Experiments done with cultured Sertoli cells suggest that the transferrin mRNA levels are regulated by FSH, insulin, vitamin A, and testosterone.	Vitamin A	117-126	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	62-73
3788717-3	1986	Questions relating to the specificity of the action of the hormones and vitamin A on the transferrin mRNA or on other mRNA will require the use of additional hybridization probes.	Vitamin A	72-81	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	89-100
3788717-7	1986	In immature rats, hypophysectomized rats, and vitamin A deficient rats, spermatogenesis is abbreviated and the levels of transferrin mRNA in the Sertoli cells are correspondingly low.	Vitamin A	46-55	transferrin	Rattus norvegicus	121-132
3015289-2	1986	Intracellular metabolism is complex and involves the binding to specific receptors for retinol (CRBP) and retinoic acid (CRABP) followed by a nuclear translocation.	Vitamin A	87-94	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
3663577-12	1986	The inhibition of ARAT by retinoic acid may be of importance for normal retinol absorption in patients receiving retinoid therapy.	Vitamin A	72-79	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	18-22
3935184-3	1985	To this end, a test dose of GnRH was given to VAD rats pre-, 5 days post-, and 10 days postreplacement of vitamin A (PVA).	Vitamin A	106-115	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
3756361-1	1986	Stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase of the colonic mucosa in vitamin A-deficient rats by sodium desoxycholate].	Vitamin A	64-73	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-38
2423469-2	1986	Nuclei from retinol-deficient animals showed substantially decreased RNA synthesis by polymerase II when compared to nuclei from normal animals.	Vitamin A	12-19	RNA polymerase II, I and III subunit F	Rattus norvegicus	86-99
2423469-3	1986	Within 4 hours after oral administration of retinyl acetate (as the source of retinol) to deficient animals, RNA synthesis by polymerase II had significantly increased.	Vitamin A	78-85	RNA polymerase II, I and III subunit F	Rattus norvegicus	126-139
3945046-1	1986	We have shown previously that supplemental vitamin A (Vit.	Vitamin A	43-52	vitrin	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
3937530-5	1985	The hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase and uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase activities were reduced, whereas glutathione S-transferase activity was increased in the vitamin A deficient animals.	Vitamin A	204-213	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	148-173
4067325-2	1985	[3H]Retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) was incubated for 24 h with the tissue sample, which was then extracted and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	21-44
2933470-7	1985	These findings, together with the augmented production of interleukin-1-like activity by retinol-treated gingival organ cultures suggest that low doses of retinol may alter immune reactions within epithelia via stimulation of both keratinocytes and LC.	Vitamin A	89-96	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	58-71
2933470-7	1985	These findings, together with the augmented production of interleukin-1-like activity by retinol-treated gingival organ cultures suggest that low doses of retinol may alter immune reactions within epithelia via stimulation of both keratinocytes and LC.	Vitamin A	155-162	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	58-71
4067325-2	1985	[3H]Retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) was incubated for 24 h with the tissue sample, which was then extracted and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	46-49
4067325-6	1985	The tissue production of 3-[3H]dehydroretinol from [3H]retinol continued when the tracer was removed from the medium, attaining a maximum value of 25% of the retinol value at 50 h. It is suggested that epidermal 3-dehydroretinol in vivo originates from serum retinol delivered to the keratinocytes by RBP.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	301-304
4090390-3	1985	In healthy persons vitamin A, not affecting the ability of neutrophils to capture and lyse microbes, activated myeloperoxidase and increased the cationic proteins content.	Vitamin A	19-28	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	111-126
4090390-5	1985	Vitamin A did not affect the capture and lysis of microbes in chronic pneumonia but increased distinctly the myeloperoxidase activity in neutrophils, impaired during the disease, and normalized partially the content of cationic proteins.	Vitamin A	0-9	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	109-124
3936007-1	1985	Thyroxin binding prealbumin (TBPA) and retinol binding protein (RBP) are associated in a complex responsible for the transport of vitamin A and of about 10% of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4.	Vitamin A	130-139	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-27
3930500-3	1985	It has the spectral characteristics of rhodopsin contained in the R1-6 photoreceptors and decreases in amount with vitamin A deprivation.	Vitamin A	115-124	neither inactivation nor afterpotential E	Drosophila melanogaster	39-48
3931632-9	1985	Moreover, since IL 1 is known to influence connective tissues and bone, an increase in IL 1 might also explain some of the changes observed in these tissues in vitamin A poisoning and with high-dose retinoid therapy.	Vitamin A	160-169	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	16-20
3931632-9	1985	Moreover, since IL 1 is known to influence connective tissues and bone, an increase in IL 1 might also explain some of the changes observed in these tissues in vitamin A poisoning and with high-dose retinoid therapy.	Vitamin A	160-169	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	87-91
2998635-7	1985	The tissue distribution of CRBP and CRABP, together with their relation to lipid transporting proteins suggests that CRBP and CRABP are cellular transporting proteins for retinol and retinoic acid, respectively.	Vitamin A	171-178	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
2998635-7	1985	The tissue distribution of CRBP and CRABP, together with their relation to lipid transporting proteins suggests that CRBP and CRABP are cellular transporting proteins for retinol and retinoic acid, respectively.	Vitamin A	171-178	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-121
3753036-0	1986	A novel synthetic vitamin-A-like compound (a polyprenoic acid derivative: E-5166) inhibits UVB-stimulated epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity.	Vitamin A	18-27	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	116-139
2995045-1	1985	The cellular content of receptors for retinol (CRBP) and retinoic acid (CRABP) was measured in 148 human mammary carcinomas.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
4040159-0	1985	Spatial distribution of retinol-binding protein and retinyl palmitate hydrolase activity in normal and vitamin A-deficient rat liver.	Vitamin A	103-112	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	24-47
4040159-11	1985	Finally, the patterns of distribution of RBP and RPH activity observed in the liver sections from both vitamin A-sufficient and deficient rats were not significantly correlated, either directly or inversely, as determined by chi-square analysis.	Vitamin A	103-112	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
3860818-14	1985	The cell-specific localization pattern determined for these two proteins suggests that CRBP(II), rather than CRBP, is the protein that plays a role in the absorption of retinol.	Vitamin A	169-176	retinol binding protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	87-95
3860818-14	1985	The cell-specific localization pattern determined for these two proteins suggests that CRBP(II), rather than CRBP, is the protein that plays a role in the absorption of retinol.	Vitamin A	169-176	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
3936007-1	1985	Thyroxin binding prealbumin (TBPA) and retinol binding protein (RBP) are associated in a complex responsible for the transport of vitamin A and of about 10% of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4.	Vitamin A	130-139	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	29-33
3936007-1	1985	Thyroxin binding prealbumin (TBPA) and retinol binding protein (RBP) are associated in a complex responsible for the transport of vitamin A and of about 10% of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4.	Vitamin A	130-139	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-62
3936007-1	1985	Thyroxin binding prealbumin (TBPA) and retinol binding protein (RBP) are associated in a complex responsible for the transport of vitamin A and of about 10% of the thyroid hormones T3 and T4.	Vitamin A	130-139	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	64-67
3936007-3	1985	RBP can be characterized by two essential points: its hepatic secretion depending on the nutritional vitamin A status explains the close relation noted between these two parameters; its catabolism located in the renal tubular cells indicates the important role played by kidney in its metabolism.	Vitamin A	101-110	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
4039845-4	1985	After eliminating the causes which disturb vitamin A metabolism or RBP, we found a significant increase in retinol (p less than 0.02), in the molar relationship, retinol/RBP (p less than 0.05), without zinc deficiency.	Vitamin A	107-114	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	67-70
3889927-3	1985	Growth of these cells under clonal conditions was achieved by the partial replacement of F12 medium with M199 medium which was attributed, in part, to the presence of vitamin A in M199 medium.	Vitamin A	167-176	coagulation factor XII	Mustela putorius furo	89-92
3838985-1	1985	The main transporting protein for vitamin A in rabbit serum, the retinol-binding protein (RBP), was isolated and its amino acid sequence determined.	Vitamin A	34-43	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	65-88
3838985-1	1985	The main transporting protein for vitamin A in rabbit serum, the retinol-binding protein (RBP), was isolated and its amino acid sequence determined.	Vitamin A	34-43	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
3838985-5	1985	The high degree of homology between RBP molecules from different species is probably explained by the fact that RBP participates in at least three types of molecular interactions: in the binding of prealbumin, in the interaction with retinol, and in the recognition of a specific cell surface receptor.	Vitamin A	234-241	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
3838985-5	1985	The high degree of homology between RBP molecules from different species is probably explained by the fact that RBP participates in at least three types of molecular interactions: in the binding of prealbumin, in the interaction with retinol, and in the recognition of a specific cell surface receptor.	Vitamin A	234-241	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
4039318-12	1985	The apparent dissociation constant for all-trans-retinol is 1.3 X 10(-6) M. This relatively loose binding implies that, if required during the visual cycle, IRBP should be able to transfer its ligand to other binding proteins in the neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium.	Vitamin A	43-56	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	157-161
2580349-5	1985	The role of serum retinol-binding protein in vitamin A transport in the circulation suggests that the other two homologous proteins may function in the binding and transport of retinoids; beta-lactoglobulin may facilitate the absorption of vitamin A from milk and protein HC may mediate the excretion of retinol-derived metabolites.	Vitamin A	18-25	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Homo sapiens	264-274
4039122-3	1985	A number of retinoids, in addition to retinol, effectively stimulated RBP secretion.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
3923607-2	1985	The reciprocals of the serum concentrations of creatinine, cystatin C and beta 2-microglobulin were closely correlated to the Cr-EDTA-clearance (r = 0.73, 0.75 and 0.70, respectively) in contrast to the corresponding values for retinol-binding protein (r = 0.39).	Vitamin A	228-235	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	74-94
3927940-5	1985	Vitamin A plasma levels were significantly related to RBP and PA. No significant statistical correlation was found between clinical stage and vitamin A plasma levels.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	54-57
3987053-5	1985	Vitamin A may be lost because of free radical oxidation after the vitamin is released from its serum binding protein (retinol-binding protein), following the addition of ethanol to the serum sample.	Vitamin A	0-9	growth hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	95-116
2983610-2	1985	Rat liver chromatin can accept retinol in a specific and saturable manner only when the retinol is presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	31-38	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-159
2983610-2	1985	Rat liver chromatin can accept retinol in a specific and saturable manner only when the retinol is presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	31-38	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-165
2983610-2	1985	Rat liver chromatin can accept retinol in a specific and saturable manner only when the retinol is presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	88-95	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-159
2983610-2	1985	Rat liver chromatin can accept retinol in a specific and saturable manner only when the retinol is presented as a complex with cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	88-95	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-165
2983610-4	1985	A preparation of solubilized chromatin isolated from liver nuclei was able to accept retinol from its complex with CRBP as described previously for nuclei and chromatin.	Vitamin A	85-92	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
4015664-7	1985	Uridine-diphospho-glucuronosyl-transferase (UDP-GT) activity in normal and vitamin A deficient groups was enhanced following exposure to benzo(a)pyrene both in lung and liver.	Vitamin A	75-84	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	0-42
4015664-7	1985	Uridine-diphospho-glucuronosyl-transferase (UDP-GT) activity in normal and vitamin A deficient groups was enhanced following exposure to benzo(a)pyrene both in lung and liver.	Vitamin A	75-84	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	44-50
4039845-4	1985	After eliminating the causes which disturb vitamin A metabolism or RBP, we found a significant increase in retinol (p less than 0.02), in the molar relationship, retinol/RBP (p less than 0.05), without zinc deficiency.	Vitamin A	162-169	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	67-70
4039845-6	1985	These findings suggest a toxic effect of retinol due to the increased amount of free retinol or by nonspecific transport by proteins other than RBP.	Vitamin A	41-48	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	144-147
4039596-5	1985	Vitamin A plasma levels were shown to be significantly related (P less than 0.01) to RBP and PA, but not to the other parameters examined (carotene, HDL-and total cholesterol).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	85-88
4039597-0	1985	[Plasma levels of vitamin A and its protein vectors (RBP and PA), carotene, total cholesterol and cholesterol-HDL in patients with dysplasia of the uterine cervix].	Vitamin A	18-27	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	53-56
4039597-5	1985	Vitamin A plasma levels were significantly related (P less than 0.01) to RBP and PA. No significant statistical correlation was found between the severity of the dysplasia and vitamin A plasma levels.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	73-76
4039598-0	1985	[Plasma levels of vitamin A and its protein vectors (RBP and PA), carotene, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in patients with carcinoma of the cervix].	Vitamin A	18-27	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	53-56
4039598-5	1985	Vitamin A plasma levels were significantly related (P less than 0.01) to RBP and PA. No significant statistical correlation was found between the clinical stage and the histological grading and vitamin A plasma levels.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	73-76
4038610-11	1985	Vitamin A-deficient rats showed markedly reduced specific immune staining for CRBP in both testes and epididymides, and greatly reduced levels of CRBP in these tissues on radioimmunoassay.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
4038610-11	1985	Vitamin A-deficient rats showed markedly reduced specific immune staining for CRBP in both testes and epididymides, and greatly reduced levels of CRBP in these tissues on radioimmunoassay.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
4038610-12	1985	These studies on the localization of CRBP provide information concerning the specific cells and anatomic loci within the testis and epididymis where retinol may be playing an important role in sperm formation and maturation.	Vitamin A	149-156	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
2578584-2	1985	Vitamin A content in the CCl4-induced cirrhotic liver decreased significantly.	Vitamin A	0-9	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
2578584-4	1985	Vitamin A suppressed induction of experimental hepatic fibrosis by CCl4 and pig serum.	Vitamin A	0-9	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
4039604-8	1985	The fluorescence emission lambda max of the bound ligand was 470 nm with excitation at 340 nm, while the excitation lambda max was 333 nm with emission at 470 nm, for monkey IRBP incubated with exogenous all-trans-retinol.	Vitamin A	208-221	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	174-178
4038454-8	1985	Furthermore, the initial plasma retinol level in conjunction with RBP was found to be even lower in 12 patients (35.1 micrograms dl-1, 3.7 mg dl-1) who subsequently had cancer recurrence than in those who remained free of apparent cancer (44.5 micrograms dl-1, 4.6 mg dl-1).	Vitamin A	32-39	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	66-69
3967339-5	1985	The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid (RA) antagonized the TPA-caused FN-release in promotable clones.	Vitamin A	4-13	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	71-73
4038498-1	1985	Interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) is a soluble glycoprotein present between the retina and pigmented epithelium, which may function to shuttle vitamin A derivatives between these tissues.	Vitamin A	153-162	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	0-36
2992894-6	1985	Retinol and RA might be translocated to nuclei by their respective binding proteins [cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP)]: isolated EC nuclei have specific, independent binding sites for both holoproteins but not their ligands.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	85-117
2992894-6	1985	Retinol and RA might be translocated to nuclei by their respective binding proteins [cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP)]: isolated EC nuclei have specific, independent binding sites for both holoproteins but not their ligands.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	119-123
2992894-6	1985	Retinol and RA might be translocated to nuclei by their respective binding proteins [cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP)]: isolated EC nuclei have specific, independent binding sites for both holoproteins but not their ligands.	Vitamin A	0-7	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	129-167
2992894-6	1985	Retinol and RA might be translocated to nuclei by their respective binding proteins [cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP)]: isolated EC nuclei have specific, independent binding sites for both holoproteins but not their ligands.	Vitamin A	0-7	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	169-174
2992894-8	1985	Interestingly, incubation with retinol promotes movement of both CRBP and CRABP into the nucleoplasmic fraction.	Vitamin A	31-38	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
2992894-8	1985	Interestingly, incubation with retinol promotes movement of both CRBP and CRABP into the nucleoplasmic fraction.	Vitamin A	31-38	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	74-79
4038498-1	1985	Interstitial retinol-binding protein (IRBP) is a soluble glycoprotein present between the retina and pigmented epithelium, which may function to shuttle vitamin A derivatives between these tissues.	Vitamin A	153-162	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	38-42
4077397-8	1985	A relationship between these phenomena and the subcellular distribution of the retinyl palmitate hydrolase (RPH) and the cellular vitamin A binding proteins (CRBP) is likely to exist.	Vitamin A	130-139	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	158-162
4047276-5	1985	RBP was present in the dialysate and its concentration closely correlated with that of vitamin A (r = 0.95), indicating that the transperitoneal diffusion involved retinol-RBP.	Vitamin A	87-96	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
4047276-5	1985	RBP was present in the dialysate and its concentration closely correlated with that of vitamin A (r = 0.95), indicating that the transperitoneal diffusion involved retinol-RBP.	Vitamin A	164-171	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
4047276-5	1985	RBP was present in the dialysate and its concentration closely correlated with that of vitamin A (r = 0.95), indicating that the transperitoneal diffusion involved retinol-RBP.	Vitamin A	164-171	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	172-175
4048220-8	1985	A postulated function of IRBP is transfer of vitamin A between the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors during the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	45-54	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	25-29
4070009-2	1985	At the end of that time, hepatic cytochrome P450 levels in vitamin A-deficient rats were 65% that of rats fed a complete diet.	Vitamin A	59-68	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-48
4048220-9	1985	Biochemical experiments have corroborated previous studies that IRBP becomes loaded with all-trans-retinol following bleaching illumination, while the amount of endogenous 11-cis-retinol remains unchanged.	Vitamin A	89-106	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	64-68
4048220-10	1985	These data are consistent with the emerging concept that IRBP plays a role in transport of vitamin A among the cell types that border the interstitial space.	Vitamin A	91-100	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	57-61
6441678-7	1984	Since vitamin A deprivation eliminates the blue absorbing rhodopsin and a UV sensitizing pigment in R1-6, the degeneration is likely mediated through quantal absorption through these photoexcitation pigments.	Vitamin A	6-15	neither inactivation nor afterpotential E	Drosophila melanogaster	58-67
2864699-5	1985	IRBP carries more all-trans-retinol in light- than in dark-adapted eyes; this finding, coupled with IRBP"s strategic position, indicates that IRBP may be a shuttle for vitamin A in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	22-35	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	0-4
2864699-5	1985	IRBP carries more all-trans-retinol in light- than in dark-adapted eyes; this finding, coupled with IRBP"s strategic position, indicates that IRBP may be a shuttle for vitamin A in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	168-177	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	0-4
2864699-5	1985	IRBP carries more all-trans-retinol in light- than in dark-adapted eyes; this finding, coupled with IRBP"s strategic position, indicates that IRBP may be a shuttle for vitamin A in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	168-177	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	100-104
2864699-5	1985	IRBP carries more all-trans-retinol in light- than in dark-adapted eyes; this finding, coupled with IRBP"s strategic position, indicates that IRBP may be a shuttle for vitamin A in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	168-177	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	100-104
2864699-9	1985	Retinol binds relatively loosely to IRBP (with dissociation constant 1.3 X 10(-6) M), implying that IRBP should be able to transfer its vitamin A to cellular retinoid carriers in the retina and RPE.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	36-40
2864699-9	1985	Retinol binds relatively loosely to IRBP (with dissociation constant 1.3 X 10(-6) M), implying that IRBP should be able to transfer its vitamin A to cellular retinoid carriers in the retina and RPE.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	100-104
2864699-9	1985	Retinol binds relatively loosely to IRBP (with dissociation constant 1.3 X 10(-6) M), implying that IRBP should be able to transfer its vitamin A to cellular retinoid carriers in the retina and RPE.	Vitamin A	136-145	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	36-40
2864699-9	1985	Retinol binds relatively loosely to IRBP (with dissociation constant 1.3 X 10(-6) M), implying that IRBP should be able to transfer its vitamin A to cellular retinoid carriers in the retina and RPE.	Vitamin A	136-145	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	100-104
2864699-10	1985	The absorbance, fluorescence, and circular dichroic characteristics of IRBP are compared to those of other retinol-binding proteins.	Vitamin A	107-114	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	71-75
6517947-0	1984	Oxidised glutathione reductase activity in mouse epidermis: TPA induced change and its modulation by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	101-110	glutathione reductase	Mus musculus	9-30
6441678-7	1984	Since vitamin A deprivation eliminates the blue absorbing rhodopsin and a UV sensitizing pigment in R1-6, the degeneration is likely mediated through quantal absorption through these photoexcitation pigments.	Vitamin A	6-15	Ribonuclear protein at 97D	Drosophila melanogaster	100-104
6389570-10	1984	The putative function of IRBP in the extracellular transport of retinoids during the visual cycle is consistent with a defect in retinol transport in the RCS rat reported by others.	Vitamin A	129-136	retinol binding protein 3	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
6096622-9	1984	Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma as retinol bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	117-140
6096622-9	1984	Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma as retinol bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	142-145
6096622-9	1984	Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma as retinol bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	70-77	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	117-140
6096622-9	1984	Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma as retinol bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	70-77	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	142-145
6096622-10	1984	Retinol mobilization is highly regulated by factors that control the rates of RBP synthesis and secretion.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	78-81
6096622-11	1984	Much is known now about the chemical structure, metabolism, and biologic roles of RBP, RBP delivers retinol to peripheral target tissues; delivery may involve cell surface receptors for RBP.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	82-85
6096622-11	1984	Much is known now about the chemical structure, metabolism, and biologic roles of RBP, RBP delivers retinol to peripheral target tissues; delivery may involve cell surface receptors for RBP.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	87-90
6096622-11	1984	Much is known now about the chemical structure, metabolism, and biologic roles of RBP, RBP delivers retinol to peripheral target tissues; delivery may involve cell surface receptors for RBP.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	87-90
6096622-12	1984	Tissues of rats, humans, and other species contain soluble binding proteins with specificity for either retinol (cellular retinol-binding protein) or retinoic acid (cellular retinoic acid-binding protein).	Vitamin A	104-111	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	122-145
6542769-1	1984	Results are presented establishing that epidermis accumulates vitamin A from serum retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	62-71	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	108-111
6486823-1	1984	Feeding rats with a diet containing a hundred times the normal amount of vitamin A resulted, within 2 to 3 weeks, in an increase in total hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 content.	Vitamin A	73-82	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	157-173
6386629-2	1984	In the Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 with mouse-liver S-9 mix, the addition of retinol, retinyl acetate or retinyl palmitate caused a dose-dependent inhibition of cyclophosphamide mutagenicity.	Vitamin A	92-99	proteasome (prosome, macropain) 26S subunit, non-ATPase, 11	Mus musculus	67-70
6540172-1	1984	The complex of retinol with its carrier protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP) has been crystallized and its three-dimensional structure determined using X-ray crystallography.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	49-72
6540172-1	1984	The complex of retinol with its carrier protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP) has been crystallized and its three-dimensional structure determined using X-ray crystallography.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-77
6609978-2	1984	Dietary vitamin A deprivation induces a selective increase in IgM autoantibodies and hypergammaglobulinemia in New Zealand Black mice.	Vitamin A	8-17	immunoglobulin heavy constant mu	Mus musculus	62-65
6506766-3	1984	Retinol acetate (vitamin A) inhibited lipid peroxidation, elevated GSH-PX activity, and enhanced AHH activity.	Vitamin A	17-26	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
6427409-1	1984	Human eyes contain an Mr 135K retinol-binding protein that is analogous to interstitial retinol-binding protein ( IRBP ) in the subretinal space of bovine eyes.	Vitamin A	30-37	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	75-111
6427409-1	1984	Human eyes contain an Mr 135K retinol-binding protein that is analogous to interstitial retinol-binding protein ( IRBP ) in the subretinal space of bovine eyes.	Vitamin A	30-37	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	114-118
6427217-2	1984	IRBP binds 2.2 molecules of all-trans retinol with a KD of approximately 10(-6) M. The holoprotein has lambda max at 280 nm (E1%1 cm = 10.99) and at 330 nm (E1%1 cm = 7.88).	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	0-4
6427217-3	1984	When freshly isolated from light-exposed eyes, IRBP contains up to 0.6 molecule of all-trans retinol, together with small amounts of the 11-cis and 13-cis isomers.	Vitamin A	93-100	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	47-51
6427217-4	1984	IRBP also binds exogenous cholesterol, alpha-tocopherol, and all-trans retinoic acid, all of which are completely displaced by all trans retinol.	Vitamin A	137-144	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	0-4
6373783-9	1984	The prominence of the CRBP-positive fat-storing cells changed markedly with vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	76-85	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
6373783-12	1984	The intensity of RBP staining increased markedly in retinol-deficient rat liver, consistent with previous biochemical observations.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
6373783-15	1984	Staining for RBP was much more intense in normal kidney than in kidney from retinol-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
6539619-6	1984	This results suggest that kidney and liver chronic failure interfere with vitamin A metabolism throughout their action on metabolic processes of synthesis and elimination of PA and RBP.	Vitamin A	74-83	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	181-184
6141933-2	1984	A synergistic effect of vitamin A compounds with FSH, but not with LH, on testicular germ cell differentiation was observed.	Vitamin A	24-33	follicle stimulating hormone beta	Mus musculus	49-52
6538564-4	1984	Although RBP was highly correlated with retinol in well grown infants (P less than 0.001), no such correlation was observed in SGA infants.	Vitamin A	40-47	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	9-12
6726083-1	1984	Oxidation of retinol at the C-4 position is a major metabolic route to biologically inactive excretory products.	Vitamin A	13-20	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	28-31
6726083-2	1984	Thus, the replacement of hydrogen with fluorine at C-4 might well modify the rate of metabolism, biological activity, and pharmacological activity of vitamin A, 4,4-Difluororetinyl acetate and related analogs were consequently synthesized by the following procedure.	Vitamin A	150-159	complement C4A (Rodgers blood group)	Homo sapiens	51-54
4038696-1	1985	Interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein (IRBP) is a unique retinol carrier: it is a large glycoprotein existing only in the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM), which is the extracellular material situated between and behind the photoreceptors of the neural retina.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	44-48
4038696-2	1985	IRBP from bovine and human eyes carries endogenous retinol, as evidenced by the protein"s fluorescence on gel-filtration (Sephacryl S-300) chromatography and on native (non-SDS) pore-gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	Vitamin A	51-58	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	0-4
4038696-3	1985	Bovine IRBP"s retinol-binding sites are at most one-third occupied in light-adapted eyes and much less in dark-adapted eyes; this bleach dependence is partially reversible and suggests a role in vitamin A transport during the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	7-11
4038696-3	1985	Bovine IRBP"s retinol-binding sites are at most one-third occupied in light-adapted eyes and much less in dark-adapted eyes; this bleach dependence is partially reversible and suggests a role in vitamin A transport during the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	195-204	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	7-11
4038696-4	1985	IRBP can be saturated with exogenous all-trans retinol; one ligand molecule binds per protein molecule.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	0-4
6746230-9	1984	Interpretation of the results includes a dual role for CRBP in the RPE, namely its involvement in gene expression and transcytoplasmic transport of retinol.	Vitamin A	148-155	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
6743340-5	1984	It is suggested that GST3 isoenzyme activity depends on vitamin A.	Vitamin A	56-65	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	21-25
6736244-5	1984	AFp, purified by affinity chromatography on retinol-binding protein linked to Sepharose, resembled plasma TTR in forming a stable tetrameric structure, and in its binding affinities for both thyroxine and retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	44-51	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	0-3
6736244-5	1984	AFp, purified by affinity chromatography on retinol-binding protein linked to Sepharose, resembled plasma TTR in forming a stable tetrameric structure, and in its binding affinities for both thyroxine and retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	205-212	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	0-3
6707709-8	1984	Biochemical data gathered 8 h after injection of [3H]retinol indicated chromophore addition to both rhodopsin and retinochrome with retinochrome being more heavily labelled than rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	53-60	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	100-109
6707709-8	1984	Biochemical data gathered 8 h after injection of [3H]retinol indicated chromophore addition to both rhodopsin and retinochrome with retinochrome being more heavily labelled than rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	53-60	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	178-187
6542769-4	1984	[3H]-Retinol-RBP (10(-6) M) was added to the medium for 1-24 h, after which epidermis and dermis were split and separately extracted with hexane after saponification.	Vitamin A	5-12	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	13-16
6542769-7	1984	The uptake could be saturated by substrate and was inhibited with unlabelled retinol-RBP but not with serum albumin.	Vitamin A	77-84	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	85-88
6543480-3	1984	Plasma vitamin A levels were inversely correlated with Hct (r = -0.499), which was also significantly related to RBP/vitamin A ratio (r = 0.61).	Vitamin A	7-16	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	113-116
6516908-1	1984	Recent work has shown that esterification of retinol in microsomes from rat liver, mammary gland and small intestine and from human small intestine is catalyzed by an acyl CoA: retinol acyl transferase (ARAT).	Vitamin A	45-52	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	167-201
6516908-1	1984	Recent work has shown that esterification of retinol in microsomes from rat liver, mammary gland and small intestine and from human small intestine is catalyzed by an acyl CoA: retinol acyl transferase (ARAT).	Vitamin A	45-52	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	203-207
6706906-5	1984	The effect of retinol in maintaining the germ cells and the testis-specific basic proteins TP and TH2B was very specific, in that it could not be replaced by retinoic acid, which can maintain normal body growth.	Vitamin A	14-21	centrosomal protein 19	Rattus norvegicus	91-93
6706906-5	1984	The effect of retinol in maintaining the germ cells and the testis-specific basic proteins TP and TH2B was very specific, in that it could not be replaced by retinoic acid, which can maintain normal body growth.	Vitamin A	14-21	H2B clustered histone 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
6706906-6	1984	Prolonged supplementation of vitamin A-deficient animals with retinyl palmitate partially restored the levels of TP, TH2B, and TH1.	Vitamin A	29-38	centrosomal protein 19	Rattus norvegicus	113-115
6706906-6	1984	Prolonged supplementation of vitamin A-deficient animals with retinyl palmitate partially restored the levels of TP, TH2B, and TH1.	Vitamin A	29-38	H2B clustered histone 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-121
6686405-0	1983	Acute effects of growth hormone administration: vitamin A and visceral protein concentrations.	Vitamin A	48-57	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	17-31
6540843-2	1984	Plasma vitamin A levels were inversely correlated with hematocrit (r = -0.5), which was also significantly correlated with RBP/vitamin A ratio (r = 0.61).	Vitamin A	7-16	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	123-126
6335935-0	1984	Suitability of retinol, retinal and retinyl palmitate for the regeneration of bleached rhodopsin in the isolated frog retina.	Vitamin A	15-22	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	87-96
6398562-8	1984	Eleven-cis-retinol bound to CRALBP is a better substrate for esterification by microsomes from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) than all-trans-retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	11-18	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Bos taurus	28-34
6398562-8	1984	Eleven-cis-retinol bound to CRALBP is a better substrate for esterification by microsomes from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) than all-trans-retinol bound to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 1	Bos taurus	194-198
6442041-1	1984	Oral administration of retinyl palmitate to young Wistar rats during 7 days (70,000 IU of vitamin A per 100 g of body weight daily) caused a decrease in the liver UDP-glucuronosyl transferase and glutathione transferase activities and a significant decrease in the liver glutathione-SH content.	Vitamin A	90-99	glutathione S-transferase alpha 4	Rattus norvegicus	196-219
6442041-2	1984	A single administration of T-2 toxin (3 mg per kg of body weight) to rats after the treatment with high doses of vitamin A was accompanied by an increase in T-2 toxicity.	Vitamin A	113-122	brachyury 2	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
6442041-2	1984	A single administration of T-2 toxin (3 mg per kg of body weight) to rats after the treatment with high doses of vitamin A was accompanied by an increase in T-2 toxicity.	Vitamin A	113-122	brachyury 2	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
6442041-5	1984	Excess of vitamin A may be responsible for an increase of T-2 toxicity in rats.	Vitamin A	10-19	brachyury 2	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
6543481-8	1984	The amount of retinol bound to IRBP increased if the eyes were exposed to light, when it was estimated that the protein carried up to 30% of its full capacity for all-trans retinol.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	31-35
6543481-8	1984	The amount of retinol bound to IRBP increased if the eyes were exposed to light, when it was estimated that the protein carried up to 30% of its full capacity for all-trans retinol.	Vitamin A	173-180	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	31-35
6543481-9	1984	In addition to all-trans retinol, IRBP carried smaller amounts of 11-cis retinol.	Vitamin A	66-80	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	34-38
6543481-10	1984	The proportion of 11-cis retinol was frequently higher in eyes that had been protected from illumination, suggesting that IRBP plays a role in rhodopsin regeneration during dark-adaptation.	Vitamin A	18-32	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	122-126
6543481-10	1984	The proportion of 11-cis retinol was frequently higher in eyes that had been protected from illumination, suggesting that IRBP plays a role in rhodopsin regeneration during dark-adaptation.	Vitamin A	18-32	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	143-152
6685972-4	1983	A significant correlation was noted between concentrations in plasma of vitamin A and RBP.	Vitamin A	72-81	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	86-89
6685972-6	1983	We conclude that the elevated plasma values of vitamin A in uremia are largely attributable to the high concentrations of RBP and do not contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of renal osteodystrophy.	Vitamin A	47-56	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	122-125
6686234-6	1983	The 146,000 Mr interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein (IRBP) may function in extracellular retinol transport in the IPS.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 3	Homo sapiens	59-63
6580493-1	1983	A phase I trial was conducted of the vitamin A derivative beta-all-trans-retinoic acid (vitamin A acid; TRA), delivered via a collagen sponge and cervical cap for mild or moderate intraepithelial cervical neoplasia.	Vitamin A	37-46	T cell receptor alpha locus	Homo sapiens	104-107
6686405-4	1983	With GH administration vitamin A and RBP concentrations decreased from initial values (P less than 0.05), and reached a plateau after 2 injections of GH, while there was no change in concentrations of other proteins.	Vitamin A	23-32	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	5-7
6686405-5	1983	There was a significant linear correlation (P less than 0.05) between the levels of vitamin A and RBP before and after GH administration.	Vitamin A	84-93	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	98-101
6686405-5	1983	There was a significant linear correlation (P less than 0.05) between the levels of vitamin A and RBP before and after GH administration.	Vitamin A	84-93	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	119-121
6686405-6	1983	We conclude that GH administration results in a selective and marked reduction in the concentrations of plasma vitamin A and serum RBP.	Vitamin A	111-120	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	17-19
6222914-14	1983	Using N-retinylopsin as a substrate for the rhodopsin-cleaving enzyme, it was shown that the regions of the cleavage products containing vitamin A were not associated with the glycopeptide.	Vitamin A	137-146	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	44-53
6685481-5	1983	Thus, this method, which resolves CRABP and CRBP in crude mixtures from the majority of cytosolic proteins, should be a valuable tool in the evaluation of vitamin A-binding protein interactions and their biological significance.	Vitamin A	155-164	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
6685481-5	1983	Thus, this method, which resolves CRABP and CRBP in crude mixtures from the majority of cytosolic proteins, should be a valuable tool in the evaluation of vitamin A-binding protein interactions and their biological significance.	Vitamin A	155-164	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	44-48
6615759-4	1983	After 16 weeks lambs received a bolus of [15-3H]retinol intravenously; blood, urine and faeces were sampled for 48 h. Plasma retinol was complexed to a protein of 20000 molecular weight (MW), which in turn was complexed to a protein of 65000 MW; these proteins correspond respectively to retinol-binding protein and prealbumin.	Vitamin A	125-132	transthyretin	Ovis aries	316-326
6224755-2	1983	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) was isolated from human serum, its native ligand removed and replaced with [3H]-retinol.	Vitamin A	110-117	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-23
6224755-2	1983	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) was isolated from human serum, its native ligand removed and replaced with [3H]-retinol.	Vitamin A	110-117	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	25-28
6224755-3	1983	After reconstitution, [3H]-retinol-RBP was reassociated with prealbumin (PA), and the protein complex injected intravenously into dark-adapted animals.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	35-38
6224755-3	1983	After reconstitution, [3H]-retinol-RBP was reassociated with prealbumin (PA), and the protein complex injected intravenously into dark-adapted animals.	Vitamin A	27-34	transthyretin	Mus musculus	61-71
6224755-10	1983	In biochemical experiments, incorporation of [3H]-retinol into mouse rhodopsin was seen to occur very rapidly (less than 30 min), without an appreciable lag period.	Vitamin A	50-57	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	69-78
6350319-14	1983	Localization of CRALBP in RPE corroborates previous biochemical studies; its presence in the Muller cell suggests that this glial cell may play a hitherto unsuspected role in vitamin A metabolism in retina.	Vitamin A	175-184	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	16-22
6417289-0	1983	Effect of the degradation of cytochrome P-450 heme by secobarbital on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)-induced hepatic vitamin A reduction and lipid peroxide formation in rats.	Vitamin A	118-127	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-45
6683703-1	1983	Retinol-free fetal calf serum for cell cultures was obtained by UV irradiation and by removal of retinol-binding protein (RBP) by gel-filtration.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	97-120
6683703-1	1983	Retinol-free fetal calf serum for cell cultures was obtained by UV irradiation and by removal of retinol-binding protein (RBP) by gel-filtration.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	122-125
6683703-3	1983	This made it possible to replenish the culture medium with retinol in its physiological i.e. RBP-bound form.	Vitamin A	59-66	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	93-96
6683703-5	1983	None of these cell lines showed a significant change in growth rate or saturation density that could be attributed to free or RBP-bound retinol.	Vitamin A	136-143	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	126-129
6189659-4	1983	The fall in plasma retinol levels was correlated with a fall in the plasma level of retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	84-107
6188873-3	1983	Thus retinoic acid (and retinol) inhibited the stimulatory action of interferon (IFN) on monocyte membrane function, and this inhibition was reversed by beta-carotene; beta-carotene alone modestly potentiated IFN in this system.	Vitamin A	24-31	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	69-85
6188873-3	1983	Thus retinoic acid (and retinol) inhibited the stimulatory action of interferon (IFN) on monocyte membrane function, and this inhibition was reversed by beta-carotene; beta-carotene alone modestly potentiated IFN in this system.	Vitamin A	24-31	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
6189659-4	1983	The fall in plasma retinol levels was correlated with a fall in the plasma level of retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	109-112
6189659-5	1983	In patients treated with the vinblastine and bleomycin regimen, plasma retinol levels were higher at the beginning of the fourth course than at the start of the treatment, possibly due to improved synthesis of RBP.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	210-213
6682115-0	1983	Ligand-dependent regulation of intracellular protein transport: effect of vitamin a on the secretion of the retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	74-83	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	108-131
6682115-3	1983	Both normal and vitamin A-deficient hepatocytes synthesized RBP.	Vitamin A	16-25	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
6306117-3	1983	To elucidate a generalized function for vitamin A, we have taken the approach of tracing the vitamin from its storage site in the liver via its blood transport by the retinol-binding protein (RBP) to its uptake by susceptible cells.	Vitamin A	40-49	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	167-190
6306117-3	1983	To elucidate a generalized function for vitamin A, we have taken the approach of tracing the vitamin from its storage site in the liver via its blood transport by the retinol-binding protein (RBP) to its uptake by susceptible cells.	Vitamin A	40-49	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	192-195
6346125-9	1983	Adult female rat treated with Vitamin A for 5 days showed a reduction in uterus ALDH from respective controls.	Vitamin A	30-39	aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
6346129-8	1983	Short-term oral administration of Vitamin A resulted in statistically insignificant increase of whole ocular tissue ALDH from controls as contrasted with inhibition of ALDH in the ocular fluid by similar short-term oral administration of disulfiram.	Vitamin A	34-43	aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	116-120
6682115-5	1983	Deficient cells could be induced to secrete RBP on the addition of retinol to the culture medium.	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
6685969-1	1983	The association between serum transferrin and serum biochemical indicators of vitamin A and protein nutriture was investigated in 295 preschool children.	Vitamin A	78-87	transferrin	Homo sapiens	30-41
6682115-7	1983	Since retinol induces the secretion of RBP, accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it seems reasonable to conclude that the transport of RBP from the ER to the Golgi complex is regulated by retinol.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
6682115-7	1983	Since retinol induces the secretion of RBP, accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it seems reasonable to conclude that the transport of RBP from the ER to the Golgi complex is regulated by retinol.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	145-148
6682115-7	1983	Since retinol induces the secretion of RBP, accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it seems reasonable to conclude that the transport of RBP from the ER to the Golgi complex is regulated by retinol.	Vitamin A	198-205	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
6682115-7	1983	Since retinol induces the secretion of RBP, accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), it seems reasonable to conclude that the transport of RBP from the ER to the Golgi complex is regulated by retinol.	Vitamin A	198-205	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	145-148
6681629-5	1983	Hepatic vitamin A storage was also decreased in rats fed 30% calories as alcohol and beta-carotene or vitamin A at the NRC requirement level, but not in rats fed one-sixth the NRC requirement as vitamin A.	Vitamin A	8-17	nuclear receptor coactivator 6	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
6685969-2	1983	Their levels of retinol and RBP correlated positively and significantly with transferrin, iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), total proteins and albumin.	Vitamin A	16-23	transferrin	Homo sapiens	77-88
6846105-3	1983	SDS-PAGE of (2-(3)H)-mannose labelled glycoproteins indicates that both retinoic acid and retinol treatments stimulate the incorporation of the radiolabelled sugar into a glycoprotein with subunit MW 180,000 (Gp 180) and, to a lesser extent, into other glycoproteins.	Vitamin A	90-97	carboxypeptidase D	Mus musculus	209-215
6681577-2	1983	The stability of vitamin A and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in serum separated from the clot at different times after blood extraction and the effect of ingesting a vitamin A-rich breakfast on postprandial serum levels of retinol, carotenoids, and RBP were investigated.	Vitamin A	31-38	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	56-59
6424426-3	1983	Administration of vitamin A (10,000 I.U./100 g body weight) daily for ten days reduced the activity of the above mentioned enzymes, when vitamin A and endosulfan were given together, vitamin A reduced the endosulfan induced increase of microsomal proteins and cytochrome P-450 levels, the activity of NADPH cytochrome C-reductase, aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline-hydroxylase.	Vitamin A	18-27	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	260-276
6859810-1	1983	The aim of the present study was to find out whether the elevation of the serum ceruloplasmin level, previously described in vitamin-A-deficient rats, is a specific phenomenon.	Vitamin A	125-134	ceruloplasmin	Rattus norvegicus	80-93
6859810-3	1983	Concentrations of ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and the value of the haptoglobin to albumin ratio are increased in the serum of vitamin-A-deficient rats compared to normal rats.	Vitamin A	126-135	ceruloplasmin	Rattus norvegicus	18-31
6859810-3	1983	Concentrations of ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and the value of the haptoglobin to albumin ratio are increased in the serum of vitamin-A-deficient rats compared to normal rats.	Vitamin A	126-135	haptoglobin	Rattus norvegicus	67-78
6859810-4	1983	The results suggested that the increased serum level of ceruloplasmin in vitamin-A-deficient rats was due to the presence of inflammation.	Vitamin A	73-82	ceruloplasmin	Rattus norvegicus	56-69
6686432-6	1983	It is suggested that apo-RBP (RBP without retinol) is generated within the epidermis and contributes to the high RBP value in FBF.	Vitamin A	42-49	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
6681586-3	1983	Saturation of RBP with retinol remained fairly constant.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	14-17
6681586-7	1983	Percentage saturation of RBP with retinol was significantly higher (P less than 0.005) when vitamin A concentration was highest.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
6681586-7	1983	Percentage saturation of RBP with retinol was significantly higher (P less than 0.005) when vitamin A concentration was highest.	Vitamin A	92-101	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
6337857-9	1983	This suggests that the presence of vitamin A is a prerequisite for the transport of RBP from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex.	Vitamin A	35-44	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
6662350-2	1983	The cholinesterase inhibiting action of the organophosphates (OPs) is better compensated by vitamin E in normal animals, but by vitamin A in vitamin A-deficient animals.	Vitamin A	128-137	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	4-18
6662350-2	1983	The cholinesterase inhibiting action of the organophosphates (OPs) is better compensated by vitamin E in normal animals, but by vitamin A in vitamin A-deficient animals.	Vitamin A	141-150	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	4-18
6684744-3	1983	Whereas retinol-binding (CRBP = cellular retinol-binding protein) could only be detected in a few cases, binding for retinoic acid (CRABP = cellular retinoic acid-binding protein) was present in all specimens investigated.	Vitamin A	8-15	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
6684744-6	1983	CRBP and CRABP are assumed to be mediating factors for the retinol and retinoic acid action.	Vitamin A	59-66	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
6684744-6	1983	CRBP and CRABP are assumed to be mediating factors for the retinol and retinoic acid action.	Vitamin A	59-66	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	9-14
6302850-6	1982	Serum RBP and vitamin A concentrations are not always correlated in patients; for instance, in malabsorptions, the sharp fall in serum vitamin A is isolated.	Vitamin A	135-144	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	6-9
6603054-2	1983	Isolated frog RPE contains an adequate supply of acyl donors and can esterify all-trans, 11-cis and 13-cis isomers of retinol.	Vitamin A	118-125	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Homo sapiens	14-17
6603054-6	1983	Frog RPE also formed 13-cis retinyl palmitate from all-trans retinol, probably by esterification of 13-cis retinol formed non-enzymatically from the all-trans isomer.	Vitamin A	61-68	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Homo sapiens	5-8
7131095-4	1982	Fetal plasma retinol was found to be complexed with retinol-binding protein and another protein other than prealbumin, with a total molecular weight of 30,000 to 35,000.	Vitamin A	13-20	transthyretin	Ovis aries	107-117
6292186-7	1982	Cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein from retina purifies with two endogenous ligands which cochromatograph on high performance liquid chromatography with 11-cis-retinaldehyde and 11-cis-retinol and occur in a ratio of approximately 3:1, respectively.	Vitamin A	182-196	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Bos taurus	0-38
6184067-3	1982	There was a highly significant correlation between amniotic fluid vitamin A and both zinc and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels.	Vitamin A	66-75	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	94-111
6184067-3	1982	There was a highly significant correlation between amniotic fluid vitamin A and both zinc and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels.	Vitamin A	66-75	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	113-116
6184067-5	1982	Women with a raised serum AFP level, but a normal baby, had significantly higher amniotic fluid vitamin A levels and significantly lower serum vitamin A levels compared with those in women with normal serum AFP levels.	Vitamin A	96-105	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	26-29
6184067-5	1982	Women with a raised serum AFP level, but a normal baby, had significantly higher amniotic fluid vitamin A levels and significantly lower serum vitamin A levels compared with those in women with normal serum AFP levels.	Vitamin A	143-152	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	26-29
6959135-3	1982	Retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, inhibited in a dose-dependent manner both the increase in OrnDCase activity and the release of FN induced by TPA.	Vitamin A	31-40	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	100-108
7159390-13	1982	Since GDP-mannose: Ret-P and GDP-mannose: Dol-P mannosyltransferase activities were not affected, depletion of vitamin A must affect Ret-P and Dol-P pools in opposite ways.	Vitamin A	111-120	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	133-136
6959135-3	1982	Retinoic acid, a derivative of vitamin A, inhibited in a dose-dependent manner both the increase in OrnDCase activity and the release of FN induced by TPA.	Vitamin A	31-40	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	137-139
6889638-5	1982	To confirm the autoradiographic localization of vitamin A, the cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) assay demonstrates the presence of CRBP in the interstitial tissue and seminiferous tubules.	Vitamin A	48-57	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-95
6889638-5	1982	To confirm the autoradiographic localization of vitamin A, the cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) assay demonstrates the presence of CRBP in the interstitial tissue and seminiferous tubules.	Vitamin A	48-57	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-142
7201081-5	1982	Ultracentrifugation of plasma at a salt density of 1.21 showed that nearly all the retinol was associated with RBP in the high density protein fraction, as it is with normal subjects.	Vitamin A	83-90	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	111-114
6754556-1	1982	The mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella-microsome test of four protein pyrolysate products, formed during the cooking of meat, (Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, Glu-P-1 and Glu-P-2) was found to be inhibited by the addition of vitamin A in vitro in the form of retinol.	Vitamin A	212-221	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	128-165
6754556-1	1982	The mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella-microsome test of four protein pyrolysate products, formed during the cooking of meat, (Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, Glu-P-1 and Glu-P-2) was found to be inhibited by the addition of vitamin A in vitro in the form of retinol.	Vitamin A	246-253	polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting	Homo sapiens	128-165
7107162-5	1982	In two patients with very low (less than 7 micrograms/dl) initial retinol levels and elevated thresholds, decreased rhodopsin densities were observed; rhodopsin density and thresholds returned to normal after treatment with oral vitamin A.	Vitamin A	66-73	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	116-125
7107162-5	1982	In two patients with very low (less than 7 micrograms/dl) initial retinol levels and elevated thresholds, decreased rhodopsin densities were observed; rhodopsin density and thresholds returned to normal after treatment with oral vitamin A.	Vitamin A	229-238	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	116-125
7107162-5	1982	In two patients with very low (less than 7 micrograms/dl) initial retinol levels and elevated thresholds, decreased rhodopsin densities were observed; rhodopsin density and thresholds returned to normal after treatment with oral vitamin A.	Vitamin A	229-238	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	151-160
7107162-7	1982	Only marked decreased in plasma retinol were associated with elevations of dark-adapted threshold and decreases in rhodopsin density, suggesting that the tissues of patients with CF sequester vitamin A to maintain retinal function.	Vitamin A	32-39	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	115-124
7179828-5	1982	In response to vitamin A administration activation was observed of unspecific bactericidal, and complement activities in blood serum as well as of the myeloperoxidase activity in leukocytes of peripheral circulation.	Vitamin A	15-24	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	151-166
7202123-1	1982	In the eye, vitamin A (retinol) is mainly stored in the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) although its primary function is in the visual process in the photoreceptor organelles of the neural retina (NR).	Vitamin A	12-21	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Homo sapiens	83-86
7202123-1	1982	In the eye, vitamin A (retinol) is mainly stored in the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) although its primary function is in the visual process in the photoreceptor organelles of the neural retina (NR).	Vitamin A	23-30	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Homo sapiens	83-86
7202123-2	1982	It is well established that during light adaptation, the amount of retinol drops in the NR but rises in the RPE.	Vitamin A	67-74	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Homo sapiens	108-111
7202123-6	1982	We now present evidence that at least one protein exists in the subretinal space or on the cell surfaces which demonstrates many of the unique characteristics one would expect of an interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein and could function as a vitamin A transport vehicle between NR and RPE.	Vitamin A	249-258	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Homo sapiens	292-295
7128727-0	1982	Effect of vitamin A deficiency on the levels of glutathione and glutathione-S-transferase activity in rat lung and liver.	Vitamin A	10-19	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	64-89
7200983-0	1982	Effect of retinol status on retinol-binding protein biosynthesis rate and translatable messenger RNA level in rat liver.	Vitamin A	10-17	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	28-51
7200983-1	1982	Studies were conducted to explore the role of retinol in the control of the rate of synthesis of plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the liver of the rat.	Vitamin A	46-53	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	104-127
7200983-1	1982	Studies were conducted to explore the role of retinol in the control of the rate of synthesis of plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the liver of the rat.	Vitamin A	46-53	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
7200983-2	1982	Previous studies have shown that nutritional retinol status strongly influences RBP secretion from the liver cell.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
7200983-9	1982	Regulation of plasma RBP levels by retinol must be exercised at a locus beyond that of RBP synthesis.	Vitamin A	35-42	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	21-24
7091038-3	1982	Comparing I versus II gave a positive correlation (p less than 0.001) between changes in serum retinol or retinol-binding protein and changes in iron, total iron binding capacity, and percentage transferrin saturation.	Vitamin A	95-102	transferrin	Homo sapiens	195-206
6125941-4	1982	Retinol increased the activity of TGase 1 hr after release in CHO cells, and the activity remained elevated until hr 4.	Vitamin A	0-7	transglutaminase 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
6125941-5	1982	A broad peak of TGase activity also occurred after the addition of alpha-difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of ODCase, and after addition of alpha-difluoromethylornithine plus retinol.	Vitamin A	192-199	transglutaminase 1	Homo sapiens	16-21
7076416-4	1982	By measuring rhodopsin regeneration in retinal homogenates incubated with 11-cis retinal, we estimated that the amount of vitamin A in the RPE-Ch of fully dark-adapted eyes would represent 2.5 mole equivalents of the retinal rhodopsin, a value similar to that found in the frog.	Vitamin A	122-131	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	13-22
7076416-4	1982	By measuring rhodopsin regeneration in retinal homogenates incubated with 11-cis retinal, we estimated that the amount of vitamin A in the RPE-Ch of fully dark-adapted eyes would represent 2.5 mole equivalents of the retinal rhodopsin, a value similar to that found in the frog.	Vitamin A	122-131	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	225-234
6811602-5	1982	In all cases in which both the rhabdomeric particle density and rhodopsin content were studied, the mutations or vitamin A deprivation was found to reduce both these quantities, supporting the idea that at least the majority of the rhabdomeric membrane particles are closely associated with rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	113-122	neither inactivation nor afterpotential E	Drosophila melanogaster	64-73
6811602-5	1982	In all cases in which both the rhabdomeric particle density and rhodopsin content were studied, the mutations or vitamin A deprivation was found to reduce both these quantities, supporting the idea that at least the majority of the rhabdomeric membrane particles are closely associated with rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	113-122	neither inactivation nor afterpotential E	Drosophila melanogaster	291-300
7039822-1	1982	13-cis-Retinoic acid (13-CRA) is a synthetic analog of vitamin A effective reversing preneoplastic lesions in both humans and animals.	Vitamin A	55-64	myotubularin related protein 11	Homo sapiens	25-28
7200801-1	1982	Three radioactive retinoid bronoacetates were synthesized as potential retinoid affinity labels for the retinol binding site of human plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	104-111	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	141-164
7200801-1	1982	Three radioactive retinoid bronoacetates were synthesized as potential retinoid affinity labels for the retinol binding site of human plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	104-111	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	166-169
7200801-4	1982	Subsequent addition of retinol to the retinoid-RBP complex resulted in complete displacement of IBA and RBA from the protein, whereas a large proportion (37%) of the [3H]IEBA remained bound to the retinol binding site of RBP.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-50
7200801-4	1982	Subsequent addition of retinol to the retinoid-RBP complex resulted in complete displacement of IBA and RBA from the protein, whereas a large proportion (37%) of the [3H]IEBA remained bound to the retinol binding site of RBP.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	221-224
7200801-4	1982	Subsequent addition of retinol to the retinoid-RBP complex resulted in complete displacement of IBA and RBA from the protein, whereas a large proportion (37%) of the [3H]IEBA remained bound to the retinol binding site of RBP.	Vitamin A	197-204	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-50
7200801-4	1982	Subsequent addition of retinol to the retinoid-RBP complex resulted in complete displacement of IBA and RBA from the protein, whereas a large proportion (37%) of the [3H]IEBA remained bound to the retinol binding site of RBP.	Vitamin A	197-204	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	221-224
7200801-6	1982	The amount of IEBA remaining bound to RBP increased with increasing incubation time, reaching a maximum of about 0.66 mol/mol of RBP at 18 h. Moreover, at each time point, the binding of retinol to RBP was inhibited to an extent that was equivalent to the amount of [3H]IEBA that was not displaced from RBP by retinol.	Vitamin A	187-194	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	38-41
7200801-6	1982	The amount of IEBA remaining bound to RBP increased with increasing incubation time, reaching a maximum of about 0.66 mol/mol of RBP at 18 h. Moreover, at each time point, the binding of retinol to RBP was inhibited to an extent that was equivalent to the amount of [3H]IEBA that was not displaced from RBP by retinol.	Vitamin A	187-194	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	129-132
7200801-6	1982	The amount of IEBA remaining bound to RBP increased with increasing incubation time, reaching a maximum of about 0.66 mol/mol of RBP at 18 h. Moreover, at each time point, the binding of retinol to RBP was inhibited to an extent that was equivalent to the amount of [3H]IEBA that was not displaced from RBP by retinol.	Vitamin A	187-194	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	129-132
7200801-6	1982	The amount of IEBA remaining bound to RBP increased with increasing incubation time, reaching a maximum of about 0.66 mol/mol of RBP at 18 h. Moreover, at each time point, the binding of retinol to RBP was inhibited to an extent that was equivalent to the amount of [3H]IEBA that was not displaced from RBP by retinol.	Vitamin A	187-194	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	129-132
7200801-6	1982	The amount of IEBA remaining bound to RBP increased with increasing incubation time, reaching a maximum of about 0.66 mol/mol of RBP at 18 h. Moreover, at each time point, the binding of retinol to RBP was inhibited to an extent that was equivalent to the amount of [3H]IEBA that was not displaced from RBP by retinol.	Vitamin A	310-317	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	38-41
7200801-8	1982	Taken together, these several lines of evidence strongly suggest that the IEBA was bound in the retinol binding site of RBP and was attached to the protein in a covalent manner.	Vitamin A	96-103	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	120-123
7200801-9	1982	Thus, IEBA appears to be an effective affinity label for the retinol binding site of RBP.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	85-88
6279709-2	1982	Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma in the form of the lipid alcohol retinol, bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	148-171
6279709-2	1982	Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma in the form of the lipid alcohol retinol, bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	173-176
6279709-2	1982	Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma in the form of the lipid alcohol retinol, bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	148-171
6279709-2	1982	Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma in the form of the lipid alcohol retinol, bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	173-176
6279709-4	1982	A number of tissues of rats, humans, and other species contain soluble binding proteins with specificity for either retinol (cellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP) or retinoic acid (cellular retinoic acid-binding protein, CRABP).	Vitamin A	116-123	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	134-157
6279709-4	1982	A number of tissues of rats, humans, and other species contain soluble binding proteins with specificity for either retinol (cellular retinol-binding protein, CRBP) or retinoic acid (cellular retinoic acid-binding protein, CRABP).	Vitamin A	116-123	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	159-163
7199377-5	1982	Many of the properties of human CRBP including molecular weight, amino acid composition, and spectrum of bound retinol are similar to those observed previously for rat CRBP.	Vitamin A	111-118	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
7199377-6	1982	The availability of pure human CRBP should aid in elucidating its role in the action of retinol and also is more easily monitoring the considerable changes in level of this protein reported in some human cancers.	Vitamin A	88-95	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
6799007-1	1982	Cathepsin D, the major lysosomal aspartic proteinase, is responsible for the autolysis of cartilage at slightly acidic pH, and it has been suspected of making a significant contribution to the breakdown of the living tissue, such as in stimulated by retinol.	Vitamin A	250-257	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	0-11
6214931-2	1982	Vitamin A affects the antibody responses and may affect phagocytic function and properdin levels.	Vitamin A	0-9	complement factor properdin	Homo sapiens	80-89
6681629-5	1983	Hepatic vitamin A storage was also decreased in rats fed 30% calories as alcohol and beta-carotene or vitamin A at the NRC requirement level, but not in rats fed one-sixth the NRC requirement as vitamin A.	Vitamin A	102-111	nuclear receptor coactivator 6	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
6681629-5	1983	Hepatic vitamin A storage was also decreased in rats fed 30% calories as alcohol and beta-carotene or vitamin A at the NRC requirement level, but not in rats fed one-sixth the NRC requirement as vitamin A.	Vitamin A	102-111	nuclear receptor coactivator 6	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
6889510-3	1982	The serum concentrations of retinol-binding protein (RBP) fell in parallel with vitamin A in the epithelial cancer patients, while the RBP concentrations remained unaffected in the patients with myeloma, suggesting that the underlying factor for resulting low vitamin A levels may be different in these two groups of patients.	Vitamin A	80-89	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	53-56
6802654-5	1982	The increase of serum vitamin A was accompanied by a rise in the RBP concentration, but the concentrations of vitamin A-esters and prealbumin remained in the normal range.	Vitamin A	22-31	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	65-68
6802654-6	1982	It is suggested that vitamin A may accumulate in the skin as a result of an increased transfer of the vitamin by RBP.	Vitamin A	21-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	113-116
7201081-9	1982	The results are compatible with a feedback mechanism whereby the extent of the increase in plasma RBP as renal failure develops controls the consequent high plasma level of retinol.	Vitamin A	173-180	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	98-101
7032574-1	1981	Circulating vitamin A is transported by a carrier termed retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	12-21	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	57-80
6892133-9	1982	The amount of retinol bound to IRBP increases when the eyes are illuminated.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	31-35
7032574-1	1981	Circulating vitamin A is transported by a carrier termed retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	12-21	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	82-85
7032574-3	1981	Following oral vitamin A loading, a large increase in dermal RBP but only a very small rise of serum RBP was found.	Vitamin A	15-24	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	61-64
7032574-3	1981	Following oral vitamin A loading, a large increase in dermal RBP but only a very small rise of serum RBP was found.	Vitamin A	15-24	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	101-104
7197683-3	1981	We have previously reported that purified cellular retinol-binding (CRBP) will mediate specific binding of retinol to nuclei isolated from rat liver.	Vitamin A	51-58	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
6171633-1	1981	We previously reported that synthesis of the serum glycoprotein alpha 1-macroglobulin (alpha 1-M) was decreased in vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	115-124	pregnancy-zone protein	Rattus norvegicus	64-85
6171633-1	1981	We previously reported that synthesis of the serum glycoprotein alpha 1-macroglobulin (alpha 1-M) was decreased in vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	115-124	pregnancy-zone protein	Rattus norvegicus	87-96
7197683-3	1981	We have previously reported that purified cellular retinol-binding (CRBP) will mediate specific binding of retinol to nuclei isolated from rat liver.	Vitamin A	107-114	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
7197683-4	1981	We now report that pure CRBP delivers retinol to the specific nuclear binding sites without itself remaining bound.	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
7197683-6	1981	CRBP is also capable of delivering retinol specifically to isolated chromatin with no apparent loss of binding sites, as compared to whole nuclei.	Vitamin A	35-42	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
7197683-7	1981	CRBP again does not remain bound after transferring retinol to the chromatin binding sites.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
7197683-8	1981	When isolated nuclei are incubated with [3H]retinol-CRBP, sectioned, and autoradiographed, specifically bound retinol is found distributed throughout the nuclei.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
7197683-9	1981	Thus, CRBP delivers retinol to the interior of the nucleus, to specific binding sites which are primarily, if not solely, on the chromatin.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	6-10
7195803-7	1981	As previously reported, RBP accumulated in the hepatoma cells when they were incubated in a medium free of serum and of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	120-129	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
7196405-1	1981	A study was performed to identify the first translated product of messenger RNA for retinol-binding protein (RBP), the specific plasma transport protein for vitamin A.	Vitamin A	157-166	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	84-107
7196405-1	1981	A study was performed to identify the first translated product of messenger RNA for retinol-binding protein (RBP), the specific plasma transport protein for vitamin A.	Vitamin A	157-166	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
7195803-13	1981	Thus, retinol and dexamethasone appear to function via different and independent mechanisms to regulate the metabolism of RBP by the liver cell.	Vitamin A	6-13	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
7195803-8	1981	The addition of retinol over a range from 3.5 nM to 3.5 microM stimulated a dose-dependent secretion of RBP from the cells into the medium.	Vitamin A	16-23	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
7195803-9	1981	In longer experiments, retinol also stimulated the accumulation of RBP.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
7195803-11	1981	When studied over a wide range of concentrations, retinol and dexamethasone incubated together produced approximately additive increases in the accumulation of RBP.	Vitamin A	50-57	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
6168380-4	1981	Finally, the effect of microwave radiation on the loss of latency of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase from retinol-treated lysosomes was determined.	Vitamin A	114-121	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	90-108
6786333-2	1981	The reduction of retinal to retinol upon photolysis of rhodopsin in situ in intact rod outer segments was critically dependent on the availability of cytosolic Mg2+.	Vitamin A	28-35	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	55-64
6456145-10	1981	However, similarly to retinol, the all-trans C17 and C18 alcohols underwent a bathochromic shift and showed fine-structured spectra when mixed with bacterio-opsin.	Vitamin A	22-29	cytokine like 1	Homo sapiens	45-48
6456145-10	1981	However, similarly to retinol, the all-trans C17 and C18 alcohols underwent a bathochromic shift and showed fine-structured spectra when mixed with bacterio-opsin.	Vitamin A	22-29	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	53-56
7192625-1	1981	An interstitial target site in the rat testis for vitamin A has been detected using radioactively labeled rretinol-binding protein (RBP) in autoradiography at the light microscope level.	Vitamin A	50-59	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	106-130
6112755-4	1981	In addition to its hormone binding function PA is also involved in vitamin A transport through a protein-protein interaction with the specific vitamin A binding protein in plasma, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	67-76	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	180-203
6112755-4	1981	In addition to its hormone binding function PA is also involved in vitamin A transport through a protein-protein interaction with the specific vitamin A binding protein in plasma, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	67-76	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	205-208
6112755-4	1981	In addition to its hormone binding function PA is also involved in vitamin A transport through a protein-protein interaction with the specific vitamin A binding protein in plasma, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	143-152	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	180-203
6112755-4	1981	In addition to its hormone binding function PA is also involved in vitamin A transport through a protein-protein interaction with the specific vitamin A binding protein in plasma, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	143-152	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	205-208
7194103-0	1981	Effect of intramuscular vitamin A injection on plasma levels of vitamin A and retinol-binding protein in malnourished children.	Vitamin A	24-33	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	78-101
7290544-0	1981	Effect of growth hormone on vitamin A storage and release.	Vitamin A	28-37	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	10-24
6942682-8	1981	Analyses suggest that excess vitamin A may prevent the reappearance of fibronectin receptor gangliosides so that secondary tumor foci do not establish.	Vitamin A	29-38	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-82
6942700-2	1981	Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma in the form of the lipid alcohol retinol, bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	148-171
6942700-2	1981	Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma in the form of the lipid alcohol retinol, bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	173-176
6942700-2	1981	Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma in the form of the lipid alcohol retinol, bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	148-171
6942700-2	1981	Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma in the form of the lipid alcohol retinol, bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	173-176
6942700-4	1981	Vitamin A mobilization from the liver is highly regulated by factors that control the rates of RBP production and secretion.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	95-98
6942700-5	1981	Retinol deficiency specifically blocks the secretion of RBP, which can then be rapidly stimulated by intravenous retinol repletion.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	56-59
6942700-5	1981	Retinol deficiency specifically blocks the secretion of RBP, which can then be rapidly stimulated by intravenous retinol repletion.	Vitamin A	113-120	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	56-59
6942700-7	1981	Delivery of retinol to peripheral tissues appears to involve specific cell surface receptors for RBP.	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	97-100
6942700-8	1981	The retinol so delivered enters the target cell, where it may become associated with the intracellular binding protein for retinol (CRBP).	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
6942700-8	1981	The retinol so delivered enters the target cell, where it may become associated with the intracellular binding protein for retinol (CRBP).	Vitamin A	123-130	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
6942700-9	1981	A number of tissues of rats, humans, and other species contain soluble proteins with binding specificity for retinol (CRBP) or for retinoic acid (CRABP).	Vitamin A	109-116	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
7192625-1	1981	An interstitial target site in the rat testis for vitamin A has been detected using radioactively labeled rretinol-binding protein (RBP) in autoradiography at the light microscope level.	Vitamin A	50-59	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
7192625-9	1981	Results from this investigation show that the plasma transport protein for vitamin A, RBP, interacts initially with cells in the interstitium of the testis.	Vitamin A	75-84	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
7036172-1	1981	Serum vitamin A levels were high in haemodialysis patients, and were found to correlate with plasma calcium, triglyceride, cholesterol and insulin levels.	Vitamin A	6-15	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
7001892-2	1980	Ethanol causes abnormal dark adaptation by acting as a competitive inhibitor with retinol for alcohol dehydrogenase in the eye.	Vitamin A	82-89	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	94-115
7191839-0	1980	Esterification of retinol by retinoblastoma cell lines WERI-Rb1 and Y79.	Vitamin A	18-25	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
7193082-1	1980	Human colon adenocarcinomas and adjacent non-cancerous, normal colon from the same patient were assayed for the presence and amounts of cellular binding proteins for retinol (CRBP) and retinoic acid (CRABP) by sucrose gradient analysis.	Vitamin A	166-173	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	175-179
6968676-0	1980	Vitamin A potentiates the mitogenic effect of epidermal growth factor in cultures of normal adult human skin fibroblasts.	Vitamin A	0-9	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	46-69
6775413-3	1980	The most significant dependence on the presence of vitamin A exhibited beta-galactosidase and especially alpha-L-fucosidase, activity of which was decreased in hypervitaminosis and increased in hypovitaminosis A.	Vitamin A	51-60	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-89
6772310-2	1980	Maximum ABP secretion in prolonged serum-free culture is seen when FSH, Testosterone, Insulin and Retinol are added to the medium.	Vitamin A	98-105	amine oxidase, copper containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
7441062-15	1980	This particle was rich in cholesterol and contained apoA-I. [(3)H]Retinol infusion studies revealed that this particle contained increased retinyl ester when compared to plasma, suggesting an intestinal origin.	Vitamin A	66-73	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	52-59
6159246-1	1980	Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) in cancers and in vitro-transformed epithelial cells of the ACI/N rat urinary bladder was assayed with radiolabeled retinol by sucrose density gradient centrifugation.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
6159246-5	1980	The addition of retinol to the culture medium prevented the in vitro keratinization of CRBP-positive cells but it had no effect on the keratinization of CRBP-negative cells.	Vitamin A	16-23	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
6779419-3	1980	High doses of vitamin A did not affect the total activity of the enzymes studied but distinctly increased the rate of malate dehydrogenase and beta-galactosidase solubilization, caused by Triton X-100, as compared with controls.	Vitamin A	14-23	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-161
7189776-0	1980	Evidence of facilitory effect of growth hormone on tissue vitamin A uptake in rats.	Vitamin A	58-67	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	33-47
7189776-1	1980	The proposed study was designed to investigate the effect of growth hormone (GH) on liver vitamin A release and uptake at the tissue level.	Vitamin A	90-99	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	61-75
7189776-1	1980	The proposed study was designed to investigate the effect of growth hormone (GH) on liver vitamin A release and uptake at the tissue level.	Vitamin A	90-99	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	77-79
7189776-9	1980	It is concluded that a facilitory effect of GH at the tissue level may be an important factor in vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	97-106	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	44-46
6769700-1	1980	Feeding of excess vitamin A significantly increased the activity of beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase without effecting the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase in rat testicular homogenates.	Vitamin A	18-27	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-86
6769700-1	1980	Feeding of excess vitamin A significantly increased the activity of beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase without effecting the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase in rat testicular homogenates.	Vitamin A	18-27	glucuronidase, beta	Rattus norvegicus	91-109
6774741-9	1980	RBP in plasma of the vitamin A-deficient child is largely denatured and incapable of binding administered retinol, which must first be taken up by the liver before native holoRBP is released.	Vitamin A	21-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
7188772-5	1980	Retinoic acid is more potent than retinol in this regard: 50% growth inhibition is achieved by 6 nM retinoic acid in ZR-75-B and by 700 nM in MCF-7 and Hs578T, whereas 5-8 muM retinol is required in all three cell lines.	Vitamin A	34-41	latexin	Homo sapiens	172-175
7408796-3	1980	In this pathway, vitamin A is phosphorylated to retinylphosphate (RP), which is then glycosylated to retinylphosphatemannose (MRP).	Vitamin A	17-26	MARCKS-like 1	Mus musculus	126-129
6892133-10	1982	The total binding capacity was estimated to represent 4-5% of the retinol released from a total rhodopsin bleach.	Vitamin A	66-73	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	96-105
6892133-11	1982	We have established that, like serum retinol-binding protein, IRBP can be also bind retinoic acid, although it has not been established that retinoic acid is an endogenous ligand.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 3	Bos taurus	62-66
7350913-3	1980	Evidence is presented that human carboxyl ester hydrolase (carboxylic-ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.1) is able to hydrolyze cholesterol esters and lipid-soluble vitamins A, D-3 and E esters.	Vitamin A	157-167	carboxyl ester lipase	Homo sapiens	33-57
7189542-2	1980	In the vitamin A-deficient rat, the rate of secretion of RBP from the liver into the serum is greatly reduced, and RBP accumulates in the liver.	Vitamin A	7-16	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
7189542-2	1980	In the vitamin A-deficient rat, the rate of secretion of RBP from the liver into the serum is greatly reduced, and RBP accumulates in the liver.	Vitamin A	7-16	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
7189542-3	1980	Injection of retinol (dispersed in a 20% Tween 40 solution) into deficient rats stimulated a rapid secretion of RBP from the liver into the serum.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
7189542-4	1980	Colchicine treatment markedly inhibited the retinol-stimulated secretion of RBP from the liver into the serum.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
7189542-6	1980	Ninety minutes after retinol injection, the serum RBP level of colchicine treated rats was only 36% as great as that of the control rats.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
7189542-9	1980	When rats were treated with colchicine and then injected with retinol, the level of RBP in a Golgi-rich fraction obtained from the liver homogenate increased markedly as compared to the level of prealbumin.	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
6940490-4	1980	High doses of vitamin A are known to increase bone resorption through stimulation of lysosomal proteolytic activity, which also leads to increased secretion of PTH.	Vitamin A	14-23	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
6994566-1	1980	Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma in the form of the lipid alcohol retinol, bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	148-171
6994566-1	1980	Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma in the form of the lipid alcohol retinol, bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	173-176
6994566-1	1980	Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma in the form of the lipid alcohol retinol, bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	148-171
6994566-1	1980	Vitamin A is mobilized from liver stores and transported in plasma in the form of the lipid alcohol retinol, bound to a specific transport protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	173-176
6994566-10	1980	Delivery of retinol to extra-hepatic tissues appears to involve specific cell surface receptors for RBP.	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	100-103
6994566-11	1980	Vitamin A mobilization from the liver, and delivery to peripheral tissues, is highly regulated by factors that control the rates of RBP production and secretion.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	132-135
6994566-12	1980	Retinol deficiency specifically blocks the secretion of RBP, so that plasma RBP levels fall and liver RBP levels rise.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	56-59
6994566-12	1980	Retinol deficiency specifically blocks the secretion of RBP, so that plasma RBP levels fall and liver RBP levels rise.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	76-79
6994566-12	1980	Retinol deficiency specifically blocks the secretion of RBP, so that plasma RBP levels fall and liver RBP levels rise.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	76-79
6994566-13	1980	Injection of retinol into vitamin A-deficient rats stimulates the rapid secretion of RBP from the liver into the plasma.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
6994566-13	1980	Injection of retinol into vitamin A-deficient rats stimulates the rapid secretion of RBP from the liver into the plasma.	Vitamin A	26-35	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
7010520-1	1980	Vitamin A is transported from its storage site in the liver to the epithelial tissues by a carrier protein, the Retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	112-135
7419282-1	1980	The effect of retinol emulsified in Tween 80, alone or in combination with Al(OH)3, on the adjuvant-independent and dependent IgG responses to ovalbumin (OA) were examined by passive hemagglutination and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, respectively.	Vitamin A	14-21	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	143-152
575048-2	1979	The levels of vitamin A in the lung-cancer patients, but not in the controls, were significantly correlated with serum concentrations of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and zinc.	Vitamin A	14-23	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	137-160
575048-2	1979	The levels of vitamin A in the lung-cancer patients, but not in the controls, were significantly correlated with serum concentrations of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and zinc.	Vitamin A	14-23	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	162-165
7010520-1	1980	Vitamin A is transported from its storage site in the liver to the epithelial tissues by a carrier protein, the Retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	137-140
7010520-5	1980	The plasma concentration of RBP is regulated by the vitamin A status so that in vitamin A deficiency RBP molecules are not secreted from the liver.	Vitamin A	52-61	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	28-31
7010520-8	1980	The uptake of vitamin A by the cells causes a reduction of the affinity of RBP for prealbumin.	Vitamin A	14-23	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	75-78
573554-1	1979	Malnourished women who had been treated with combination-type oral contraceptives containing 0.03 mg or 0.05 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 0.15 mg d-norgestrel had significantly higher levels of serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) and vitamin A after two or five cycles of treatment compared with untreated control subjects.	Vitamin A	233-242	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	199-222
497189-1	1979	Visual pigment extracts prepared from rhabdomeric membranes of vitamin A deficient blowflies contain a 5-10 times lower concentration of rhodopsin than extracts from flies which were raised on a vitamin A rich diet.	Vitamin A	63-72	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	137-146
490218-4	1979	The vitamin A-deficient group (DEF) received a commercial vitamin A-free diet.	Vitamin A	4-13	UTP25 small subunit processome component	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
573703-2	1979	One, called cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), binds retinol with high specificity and affinity, but not retinal or retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
573703-9	1979	It appears that the cell nucleus is a target for retinol action, as CRBP allows specific interaction of retinol with the nucleus, showing the presence of specific binding sites for retinol.	Vitamin A	49-56	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
573703-9	1979	It appears that the cell nucleus is a target for retinol action, as CRBP allows specific interaction of retinol with the nucleus, showing the presence of specific binding sites for retinol.	Vitamin A	104-111	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
573703-9	1979	It appears that the cell nucleus is a target for retinol action, as CRBP allows specific interaction of retinol with the nucleus, showing the presence of specific binding sites for retinol.	Vitamin A	104-111	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
573704-5	1979	The ultraviolet absorption spectrums of the cytosol binding protein for retinol (CRBP) and of the cytosol binding protein for retinoic acid (CRABP) were almost identical despite differences in the nature of the ligands bound by these two proteins.	Vitamin A	72-79	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
490218-8	1979	When the DEF rats were supplemented with vitamin A, the transformation response returned to control values within 3 days.	Vitamin A	41-50	UTP25 small subunit processome component	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
487431-5	1979	In contrast, the vitamin A-treated cultures were 2.7 fold more effective in binding fibronectin synthesized by either control or treated cells.	Vitamin A	17-26	fibronectin 1	Gallus gallus	84-95
89810-0	1979	alpha 2-Macroglobulin in vitamin A-deficient children.	Vitamin A	25-34	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	0-21
89810-9	1979	Vitamin A-deficient children with measles had alpha 2-M levels not significantly lower than those of normal children.	Vitamin A	0-9	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	46-55
573775-2	1979	Studies are reported on the primary structure of human retinol-binding protein (RBP), the specific plasma transport protein for vitamin A.	Vitamin A	128-137	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	55-78
573775-2	1979	Studies are reported on the primary structure of human retinol-binding protein (RBP), the specific plasma transport protein for vitamin A.	Vitamin A	128-137	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	80-83
487431-6	1979	Thus in chondrocytes, vitamin A appears to regulate the cellular accumulation of fibronectin by increasing the ability of the cell layer to bind fibronectin rather than by altering its synthesis or its adhesivity for the cell layer.	Vitamin A	22-31	fibronectin 1	Gallus gallus	81-92
487431-6	1979	Thus in chondrocytes, vitamin A appears to regulate the cellular accumulation of fibronectin by increasing the ability of the cell layer to bind fibronectin rather than by altering its synthesis or its adhesivity for the cell layer.	Vitamin A	22-31	fibronectin 1	Gallus gallus	145-156
376383-1	1979	Effects of retinol on insulin release and islet ultrastructure.	Vitamin A	11-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
87510-5	1979	It was concluded that the response to vitamin A deficiency of serum glycoprotein synthesis shows some specificity in that the synthesis of alpha2-M in response to stress was not affected by vitamin A, whereas we previously found that levels of alpha1-M, which is very similar to alpha2-M, decline with vitamin A deficiency.	Vitamin A	38-47	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	139-147
87510-5	1979	It was concluded that the response to vitamin A deficiency of serum glycoprotein synthesis shows some specificity in that the synthesis of alpha2-M in response to stress was not affected by vitamin A, whereas we previously found that levels of alpha1-M, which is very similar to alpha2-M, decline with vitamin A deficiency.	Vitamin A	38-47	pregnancy-zone protein	Rattus norvegicus	244-252
87510-5	1979	It was concluded that the response to vitamin A deficiency of serum glycoprotein synthesis shows some specificity in that the synthesis of alpha2-M in response to stress was not affected by vitamin A, whereas we previously found that levels of alpha1-M, which is very similar to alpha2-M, decline with vitamin A deficiency.	Vitamin A	38-47	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	279-287
575285-0	1979	[Decrease in serum levels of retinol and its binding protein (RBP) in infection].	Vitamin A	29-36	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	62-65
575285-6	1979	The RBP levels were significantly correlated with retinol, decreasing proportionally with infection.	Vitamin A	50-57	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	4-7
115610-0	1979	[Vitamin A consumption in pregnant and non pregnant rats, and in castrated rats receiving or not receiving estradiol or pregnenolone; relation to tocopherol and cytochrome P-450].	Vitamin A	1-10	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-178
287060-1	1979	Purified cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), a potential mediator of vitamin A action, was found to enable retinol to bind in a specific manner to isolated nuclei from livers of vitamin A deficient rats.	Vitamin A	74-83	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
287060-1	1979	Purified cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), a potential mediator of vitamin A action, was found to enable retinol to bind in a specific manner to isolated nuclei from livers of vitamin A deficient rats.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
287060-1	1979	Purified cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP), a potential mediator of vitamin A action, was found to enable retinol to bind in a specific manner to isolated nuclei from livers of vitamin A deficient rats.	Vitamin A	183-192	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
287060-4	1979	CRBP charged with unlabeled retinol or CRBP without retinol diminished binding of radioactivity whereas free retinol did not.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
287060-4	1979	CRBP charged with unlabeled retinol or CRBP without retinol diminished binding of radioactivity whereas free retinol did not.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
287060-4	1979	CRBP charged with unlabeled retinol or CRBP without retinol diminished binding of radioactivity whereas free retinol did not.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
36143-4	1979	(2) Endogenous cofactors (NADPH, NADPH-regenerating system) are still available in the rod cytosol and consequently retinol is the final photoproduct of photolysis of rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	116-123	rhodopsin	Bos taurus	167-176
447600-2	1979	HP-GPC was used for fractionation of vitamin A active compounds from oil preliminary to quantitation on nonaqueous RP-HPLC.	Vitamin A	37-46	glycophorin C (Gerbich blood group)	Homo sapiens	3-6
310639-0	1979	Vitamin A status of children in Sri Lanka.	Vitamin A	0-9	sorcin	Homo sapiens	32-35
310639-7	1979	The survey results enabled planned redirection of the distribution of vitamin A capsules to preschool children in Sri Lanka to areas shown to have the highest prevalences of ophthalmological signs and symptoms and/or the highest prevalence of chronic undernutrition.	Vitamin A	70-79	sorcin	Homo sapiens	114-117
533078-0	1979	[Relation between ceruloplasmin and vitamin A in Sprague-Dawley rats].	Vitamin A	36-45	ceruloplasmin	Rattus norvegicus	18-31
487431-0	1979	Enhanced cellular fibronectin accumulation in chondrocytes treated with vitamin A.	Vitamin A	72-81	fibronectin 1	Gallus gallus	18-29
447406-2	1979	Retinol-treated mice immunized with ovalbumin absorbed to Al (OH)3 also showed no primary IgE response, but high secondary responses.	Vitamin A	0-7	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene	Mus musculus	36-45
447449-1	1979	Oral administration of one dose of 6.0 and 12.0 mg retinol for one day significantly increased percentage free activities of protease (cathepsins), cathepsin B1 and acid ribonuclease, whereas feeding of one dose of 1.5 mg retinol for one day did not release the above enzymes in younger rats.	Vitamin A	51-58	cathepsin B	Rattus norvegicus	148-160
447449-4	1979	Retinol inhibited in vitro the activities of protease (cathepsins) and cathepsin B1.	Vitamin A	0-7	cathepsin B	Rattus norvegicus	71-83
569012-6	1978	The CRBP of the tumor was associated with endogenous retinol (77 to 100% saturation) and was similar to, if not identical with, CRBP of normal tissue, as judged by fluorescence spectra, sedimentation behavior, and elution position on Sephadex G-75.	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
751177-0	1978	[Vitamin A deficiency in children of national migrants in transit through the Capital of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.	Vitamin A	1-10	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	102-105
912816-6	1977	The absence of vitamin A in the media also resulted in a lower level of BP binding to DNA and protein and in lower activity of AHH.	Vitamin A	15-24	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
561038-8	1977	The relatively large amount of cellular retinol-binding protein present in the RPE (more than is found in the retina) is consistent with a functional role of this protein in uptake and transport of retinol by the RPE.	Vitamin A	40-47	ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase	Bos taurus	79-82
561038-8	1977	The relatively large amount of cellular retinol-binding protein present in the RPE (more than is found in the retina) is consistent with a functional role of this protein in uptake and transport of retinol by the RPE.	Vitamin A	40-47	ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase	Bos taurus	213-216
561038-8	1977	The relatively large amount of cellular retinol-binding protein present in the RPE (more than is found in the retina) is consistent with a functional role of this protein in uptake and transport of retinol by the RPE.	Vitamin A	198-205	ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase	Bos taurus	79-82
561038-8	1977	The relatively large amount of cellular retinol-binding protein present in the RPE (more than is found in the retina) is consistent with a functional role of this protein in uptake and transport of retinol by the RPE.	Vitamin A	198-205	ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase	Bos taurus	213-216
560871-1	1977	A bovine counterpart to human prealbumin was purified from bovine serum by thiol-disulfide exchange chromatography on thiol-Sepharose 4B and affinity chromatography on human retinol-binding protein linked to Sepharose 4B.	Vitamin A	174-181	transthyretin	Bos taurus	30-40
408151-0	1977	Vitamin A stimulation of parathyroid hormone: interactions with calcium, hydrocortisone, and vitamin E in bovine parathyroid tissues and effects of vitamin A in man.	Vitamin A	0-9	parathyroid hormone	Bos taurus	25-44
408151-1	1977	The effect of vitamin A, a membrane surface-active agent, on parathyroid hormone secretion was studied in vitro, using bovine parathyroid tissue, and in vivo in man.	Vitamin A	14-23	parathyroid hormone	Bos taurus	61-80
408151-3	1977	The stimulation of parathyroid hormone release by vitamin A, 10(-6) to 10(-9) mol/1 in vitro, was dose and time dependent.	Vitamin A	50-59	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	19-38
408151-5	1977	High calcium concentration, hydrocortisone, 10(-5) mol/1 and 10(-6) mol/1, and vitamin E, 10(-5) mol/1, antagonized vitamin A-induced parathyroid hormone secretion.	Vitamin A	116-125	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	134-153
408151-6	1977	Vitamin A increased the lysosomal cathepsin D activity of parathyroid tissues.	Vitamin A	0-9	cathepsin D	Homo sapiens	34-45
408151-7	1977	In human studies, eleven healthy men received two intramuscular injections of vitamin A palmitate, 25 000 units each, within 24 h. In every subject, serum parathyroid hormone increased after vitamin A administration.	Vitamin A	78-87	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	155-174
408151-8	1977	Our studies indicate that: (1) vitamin A stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion in vitro, possibly through modification of the cell or secretion granule membrane, or through stimulation of lysosomal proteolytic activity, and (2) vitamin A increases serum parathyroid hormone in vivo, and this effect may be important in clinical states of vitamin A excess.	Vitamin A	31-40	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	52-71
408151-8	1977	Our studies indicate that: (1) vitamin A stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion in vitro, possibly through modification of the cell or secretion granule membrane, or through stimulation of lysosomal proteolytic activity, and (2) vitamin A increases serum parathyroid hormone in vivo, and this effect may be important in clinical states of vitamin A excess.	Vitamin A	31-40	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	257-276
408151-8	1977	Our studies indicate that: (1) vitamin A stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion in vitro, possibly through modification of the cell or secretion granule membrane, or through stimulation of lysosomal proteolytic activity, and (2) vitamin A increases serum parathyroid hormone in vivo, and this effect may be important in clinical states of vitamin A excess.	Vitamin A	231-240	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	257-276
408151-8	1977	Our studies indicate that: (1) vitamin A stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion in vitro, possibly through modification of the cell or secretion granule membrane, or through stimulation of lysosomal proteolytic activity, and (2) vitamin A increases serum parathyroid hormone in vivo, and this effect may be important in clinical states of vitamin A excess.	Vitamin A	231-240	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	257-276
892911-0	1977	Effect of vitamin A on the systemic and local antibody responses to intragastrically administered bovine serum albumin.	Vitamin A	10-19	albumin	Mus musculus	105-118
892911-1	1977	The effects of vitamin A on the immune response to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied in adult mice.	Vitamin A	15-24	albumin	Mus musculus	58-71
879080-7	1977	Percent saturation of transferrin was also found to be lower when plasma retinol levels were low.	Vitamin A	73-80	transferrin	Homo sapiens	22-33
6786155-7	1980	In regard to retinol-binding protein, it appears from the animal studies that zinc deficiency per se has an effect on both the plasma and liver RBP concentrations.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	144-147
22730593-10	1979	The mechanism of the two-peaked R1-6 spectral sensitivity and metarhodopsin spectrum is discussed in terms of evidence that there is only one rhodopsin in R1-6 and that vitamin A deprivation preferentially lowers ultraviolet sensitivity.	Vitamin A	169-178	Ribonuclear protein at 97D	Drosophila melanogaster	32-36
22730593-10	1979	The mechanism of the two-peaked R1-6 spectral sensitivity and metarhodopsin spectrum is discussed in terms of evidence that there is only one rhodopsin in R1-6 and that vitamin A deprivation preferentially lowers ultraviolet sensitivity.	Vitamin A	169-178	neither inactivation nor afterpotential E	Drosophila melanogaster	66-75
731199-2	1978	Thereafter, a dose of either all-trans-retinol or 9-cis-retinal was injected intramuscularly, leading to the formation of a rhodopsin (lambdamax 504 nm) or isorhodopsin (lambdamax 487-493 nm) pigment, respectively.	Vitamin A	29-46	rhodopsin, gene2 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	124-133
704484-7	1978	The activities of cathepsin A and D increased 2-fold in liver homogenate after combined treatment with galactosamine and vitamin A, whereas the activity of acid carboxypeptidase decreased markedly.	Vitamin A	121-130	cathepsin A	Rattus norvegicus	18-35
700051-1	1978	Excess of vitamin A induces decrease of neutral phospholipase A1 and A2 activity in rat testes homogenates on the 4th day, and increase of beta-galactosidase activity on the 8th day of treatment.	Vitamin A	10-19	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-157
700051-2	1978	It is suggested that phospholipase A activity decrease is of great importance in development of testicular disorders, caused by disbalance of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	142-151	phospholipase A and acyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-36
661949-0	1978	Retinol induces density-dependent growth inhibition and changes in glycolipids and LETS.	Vitamin A	0-7	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
567371-6	1978	Treatment with vitamin A increased the RBP and prealbumin concentrations and restored the DAA to normal in patients with malabsorption but normal liver function.	Vitamin A	15-24	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-42
307766-4	1978	The RBP receptor mediates the uptake of retinol from RBP to the cells.	Vitamin A	40-47	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
307766-4	1978	The RBP receptor mediates the uptake of retinol from RBP to the cells.	Vitamin A	40-47	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
565137-2	1978	Plasma vitamin A was significantly lower in the CF group as compared to the controls and correlated positively with plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP) in both the CF and control groups.	Vitamin A	7-16	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	148-151
626983-0	1978	Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse epidermis by vitamin A analogs (retinoids).	Vitamin A	114-123	ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1	Mus musculus	59-82
624308-0	1978	Neuraminidase-like effect of vitamin A on cell surface.	Vitamin A	29-38	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	0-13
82355-0	1978	Acne treatment with oral zinc and vitamin A: effects on the serum levels of zinc and retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	34-43	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	85-108
82355-0	1978	Acne treatment with oral zinc and vitamin A: effects on the serum levels of zinc and retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	34-43	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	110-113
82355-7	1978	Zinc + vitamin A treatment raised the serum RBP value to normal after 4 weeks.	Vitamin A	7-16	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	44-47
82355-8	1978	In patients given vitamin A alone, a probable increase in RBP was achieved.	Vitamin A	18-27	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	58-61
568576-5	1978	A significant correlation was found between vitamin A and RBP levels in the entire group of 112 patients.	Vitamin A	44-53	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	58-61
562910-2	1977	Retinol-containing proteins in fresh plasma obtained from bullfrogs and a turtle exhibited similar properties to those found in mammalian and chicken plasma: i.e., molecular weight of about 60,000-80,000 as estimated by gel filtration and binding affinity to prealbumin on human prealbumin-Sepharose affinity chromatography.	Vitamin A	0-7	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	259-269
562910-2	1977	Retinol-containing proteins in fresh plasma obtained from bullfrogs and a turtle exhibited similar properties to those found in mammalian and chicken plasma: i.e., molecular weight of about 60,000-80,000 as estimated by gel filtration and binding affinity to prealbumin on human prealbumin-Sepharose affinity chromatography.	Vitamin A	0-7	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	279-289
562910-3	1977	In sharp contrast, vitamin A-containing proteins in plasma from larvae of bullfrogs as well as three fishes (carp, blue sharks, and young yellowtails) appeared to be present in plasma as monomeric retinol-binding proteins without any affinity to human prealbumin.	Vitamin A	19-28	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	252-262
562910-7	1977	These results strongly suggest that the piscine retinol-binding protein is a prototype of the specific vitamin A-transporting protein in plasma of the vertebrates, being modified later in evolution, during phylogenetic development of the vertebrates, to acquire a binding site for prealbumin on the molecule.	Vitamin A	103-112	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	281-291
301481-0	1977	Rhodopsin regeneration in rod outer segments: utilization of 11-cis retinal and retinol.	Vitamin A	80-87	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	0-9
533078-1	1979	The Moore"s hypothesis concerning a relationship between the metabolism of copper and that of vitamin A led us to consider a possible relationship between this vitamin and ceruloplasmin, the carrier protein for copper.	Vitamin A	94-103	ceruloplasmin	Rattus norvegicus	172-185
533078-3	1979	The ceruloplasmin level of control animals and vitamin A - deficient rats was determined An average increase between 22 and 33% was observed in the animals with vitamin A deficiency, the highest levels being observed in the females.	Vitamin A	47-56	ceruloplasmin	Rattus norvegicus	4-17
533078-9	1979	Could the relationship between ceruloplasmin and vitamin A be possibly due to an inflammatory state in vitamin A deficient rats.	Vitamin A	49-58	ceruloplasmin	Rattus norvegicus	31-44
533078-9	1979	Could the relationship between ceruloplasmin and vitamin A be possibly due to an inflammatory state in vitamin A deficient rats.	Vitamin A	103-112	ceruloplasmin	Rattus norvegicus	31-44
139462-14	1977	Vitamin A deprivation and genetic elimination of the lysosomal enzyme acid phosphatase alsoprotect the photoreceptors of rdgB flies against light-induced damage.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinal degeneration B	Drosophila melanogaster	121-125
1083697-6	1976	Following treatment with vitamin A the subjective dark-adaptation, the b-wave in ERG and the EOG recovered.	Vitamin A	25-34	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	81-84
139912-2	1977	The RBP is a specific transport protein and its level in plasma reflects the amount of vitamin A available to the tissues.	Vitamin A	87-96	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	4-7
824287-1	1976	The in vitro uptake of retinol from its plasma carrier protein, the retinol-binding protein (RBP), to the cells of the monkey"s small intestine has been studied.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	68-91
824287-1	1976	The in vitro uptake of retinol from its plasma carrier protein, the retinol-binding protein (RBP), to the cells of the monkey"s small intestine has been studied.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	93-96
824287-2	1976	[3H]Retinol was readily delivered from the RBP to the cells without a concomitant cellular uptake of the RBP.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	43-46
824287-6	1976	The uptake of [3H]retinol by the cells could be inhibited by RBP containing unlabeled retinol, vitamin A-depleted RBP, and Fab" fragments against RBP.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	61-64
824287-6	1976	The uptake of [3H]retinol by the cells could be inhibited by RBP containing unlabeled retinol, vitamin A-depleted RBP, and Fab" fragments against RBP.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	114-117
824287-6	1976	The uptake of [3H]retinol by the cells could be inhibited by RBP containing unlabeled retinol, vitamin A-depleted RBP, and Fab" fragments against RBP.	Vitamin A	18-25	FA complementation group B	Homo sapiens	123-126
824287-6	1976	The uptake of [3H]retinol by the cells could be inhibited by RBP containing unlabeled retinol, vitamin A-depleted RBP, and Fab" fragments against RBP.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	114-117
824287-6	1976	The uptake of [3H]retinol by the cells could be inhibited by RBP containing unlabeled retinol, vitamin A-depleted RBP, and Fab" fragments against RBP.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	61-64
824287-6	1976	The uptake of [3H]retinol by the cells could be inhibited by RBP containing unlabeled retinol, vitamin A-depleted RBP, and Fab" fragments against RBP.	Vitamin A	95-104	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	114-117
824287-6	1976	The uptake of [3H]retinol by the cells could be inhibited by RBP containing unlabeled retinol, vitamin A-depleted RBP, and Fab" fragments against RBP.	Vitamin A	95-104	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	114-117
824287-7	1976	In contrast, free, unlabeled retinol and the metabolite form of RBP, lacking retinol and affinity for prealbumin, were inactive.	Vitamin A	77-84	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	64-67
1035129-1	1976	Cellular retinol and retinoic acid binding proteins were detected in mouse skin papillomas, human adenocarcinoma HAD-1, Dunning Leukemia, Walker 256 carcinosarcoma and mammary adenocarcinoma MAC-1.	Vitamin A	9-16	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	191-196
562073-2	1977	Vitamin A accumulated in the conceptus in three phases: an early phase (days 7-9 of gestation) characterized by a high vitamin A concentration; a second phase (days 11-14) where vitamin A and RBP accumulated in parallel; and a third phase of continued vitamin A and RBP accumulation (days 16-20) in which vitamin A was stored in the fetal liver.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	192-195
562073-2	1977	Vitamin A accumulated in the conceptus in three phases: an early phase (days 7-9 of gestation) characterized by a high vitamin A concentration; a second phase (days 11-14) where vitamin A and RBP accumulated in parallel; and a third phase of continued vitamin A and RBP accumulation (days 16-20) in which vitamin A was stored in the fetal liver.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	266-269
562073-4	1977	Fetuses and placentas from retinol-deficient dams showed low levels of RBP through days 16-18 of gestation.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
562073-5	1977	A retinol-repletion study suggested, moreover, that the maternal retinol-RBP complex crossed the placenta.	Vitamin A	2-9	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
562073-5	1977	A retinol-repletion study suggested, moreover, that the maternal retinol-RBP complex crossed the placenta.	Vitamin A	65-72	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
562073-6	1977	The various studies all suggest that vitamin A is transported from dam to fetus, from and after day 11, mainly by transplacental transport of maternal retinol-RBP.	Vitamin A	37-46	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	159-162
562073-6	1977	The various studies all suggest that vitamin A is transported from dam to fetus, from and after day 11, mainly by transplacental transport of maternal retinol-RBP.	Vitamin A	151-158	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	159-162
1036344-0	1976	Zinc and vitamin A: serum concentrations of zinc and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in healthy adolescents.	Vitamin A	9-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	78-81
986177-2	1976	The binding affinity between chicken plasma retinol-binding protein and chicken prealbumin was essentially the same as between the respective human proteins.	Vitamin A	44-51	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	80-90
1268849-3	1976	Hepatic microsomal levels of cytochrome P-450 in the vitamin A-deficient animals were 70% that of the control animals.	Vitamin A	53-62	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-45
1268849-5	1976	3-Methylcholanthrene, phenobarbital, and 2-acetylaminofluorene had a greater inductive effect and cytochrome P-450 in vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	118-127	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-114
179990-5	1976	The electrophoretic patterns of the urinary protein showed two fluorescent bands specific for protein-bound retinol in the alpha-region; these were presumed to be RBP.	Vitamin A	108-115	retinol-binding protein 4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	163-166
4101-0	1976	The effect of retinol and retinoic acid on the testicular phospholipase a activity in retinol-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	14-21	phospholipase A and acyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-73
1254496-0	1976	Synthesis of vitamin A via sulfones: A C15 sulfone route.	Vitamin A	13-22	placenta associated 8	Homo sapiens	39-42
1037632-0	1976	[Distribution and depletion with time of retinol-C14 in different tissues and organs of albino rats].	Vitamin A	41-48	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
1037633-0	1976	[Variations of retinol-C14 incorporation in rats of different ages fed a vitamin A-free diet].	Vitamin A	15-22	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	23-26
943148-1	1976	By means of autoradiographic techniques the specific plasma carrier of retinol, namely retinol binding protein (RBP) in a radioactive form (retinol-125I.RBP), bound specifically in vivo to the choroidal surface of intact, isolated bovine pigment epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	87-110
943148-1	1976	By means of autoradiographic techniques the specific plasma carrier of retinol, namely retinol binding protein (RBP) in a radioactive form (retinol-125I.RBP), bound specifically in vivo to the choroidal surface of intact, isolated bovine pigment epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	112-115
943148-1	1976	By means of autoradiographic techniques the specific plasma carrier of retinol, namely retinol binding protein (RBP) in a radioactive form (retinol-125I.RBP), bound specifically in vivo to the choroidal surface of intact, isolated bovine pigment epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	153-156
943148-1	1976	By means of autoradiographic techniques the specific plasma carrier of retinol, namely retinol binding protein (RBP) in a radioactive form (retinol-125I.RBP), bound specifically in vivo to the choroidal surface of intact, isolated bovine pigment epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	87-94	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	112-115
943148-1	1976	By means of autoradiographic techniques the specific plasma carrier of retinol, namely retinol binding protein (RBP) in a radioactive form (retinol-125I.RBP), bound specifically in vivo to the choroidal surface of intact, isolated bovine pigment epithelial cells.	Vitamin A	87-94	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	153-156
943148-2	1976	The retinol-125I.RBP did not bind to the retinal surface of the pigment epithelial cells nor did not bind to photoreceptors.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	17-20
943148-4	1976	Retinol metabolism might be deranged in some diseases through a defect in the pigment epithelial receptor for RBP.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	110-113
1072357-0	1976	A pathophysiologic role for alcohol dehydrogenase: is retinol its "natural" substrate?	Vitamin A	54-61	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	28-49
189002-7	1976	Retinol within RBP molecule enhanced the affinity to PA, resumably through the change of tertiary structure, although the presence of retinol was not essential for the protein-protein interaction.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	15-18
130704-7	1976	More noticeable shifts in the activity of the enzymes were observed in the case when vitamin A and sodium sulphate were added to the ration of sheep, and also with the injection of insulin.	Vitamin A	85-94	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	181-188
969379-1	1976	A long-term administration of retinol in a dose exceeding 15-fold the diurnal requirement to rats weighing 170-200 g provoked a diminution of the erythrocytes resistance to an acid hemolytic, an intensified uptake of glucose, and increased activity of glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase, aldolase, phosphohexoisomerase), accumulation of lactate, along with changes in the redox enzymes activity, suppression of the catalase and intensification of peroxidase activity.	Vitamin A	30-37	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	411-419
811678-8	1975	Similar particulate and diffuse immune staining for RBP was observed in liver sections from both vitamin A-deficient and normal rats.	Vitamin A	97-106	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
811678-9	1975	More intense immune staining appeared to be present in the sections of vitamin A-deficient animals, in good correlation with the expected higher levels of RBP in deficient as compared to normal liver.	Vitamin A	71-80	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
811678-11	1975	The findings suggest that RBP, unlike albumin, is localized in part within cytoplasmic vesicles or granules which are large enough to be detected with immunofluorescence, and which are present in livers of both normal and vitamin A-deficient animals.	Vitamin A	222-231	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
1195012-1	1975	The zinc metalloenzyme alcohol dehydrogenase was assayed in subcellular fractions of liver and retina from zinc-deficient and control rats using retinol and ethanol as substrates.	Vitamin A	145-152	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	23-44
1210206-1	1975	The effects of vitamin "A" insufficiency and of its toxic doses on the activity of alcoholdehydrogenase oxidizing retinol and ethanol and on that of aldehydoxidase, oxidizing retinal in the liver, kidneys and small intestine of rats were studied.	Vitamin A	15-25	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	83-103
1210206-1	1975	The effects of vitamin "A" insufficiency and of its toxic doses on the activity of alcoholdehydrogenase oxidizing retinol and ethanol and on that of aldehydoxidase, oxidizing retinal in the liver, kidneys and small intestine of rats were studied.	Vitamin A	114-121	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	83-103
1210206-3	1975	Against the background of toxic doses of vitamin "A" THe activity of alcoholdehydrogenase in the organs under investigation is inhibited and that of aldhydoidase in the small intestine rises.	Vitamin A	41-51	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	69-89
1171864-2	1975	Purified bovine retinol-RBP formed tight complexes with purified human and chicken prealbumin in physiological ionic strength buffers as judged by gel filtration chromatography, hyperchromic effect on the absorption spectrum of retinol-RBP, and changes in the circular dichroism spectrum.	Vitamin A	16-23	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	24-27
1171864-2	1975	Purified bovine retinol-RBP formed tight complexes with purified human and chicken prealbumin in physiological ionic strength buffers as judged by gel filtration chromatography, hyperchromic effect on the absorption spectrum of retinol-RBP, and changes in the circular dichroism spectrum.	Vitamin A	16-23	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	83-93
1171864-2	1975	Purified bovine retinol-RBP formed tight complexes with purified human and chicken prealbumin in physiological ionic strength buffers as judged by gel filtration chromatography, hyperchromic effect on the absorption spectrum of retinol-RBP, and changes in the circular dichroism spectrum.	Vitamin A	16-23	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	236-239
1171864-2	1975	Purified bovine retinol-RBP formed tight complexes with purified human and chicken prealbumin in physiological ionic strength buffers as judged by gel filtration chromatography, hyperchromic effect on the absorption spectrum of retinol-RBP, and changes in the circular dichroism spectrum.	Vitamin A	228-235	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	24-27
1171864-2	1975	Purified bovine retinol-RBP formed tight complexes with purified human and chicken prealbumin in physiological ionic strength buffers as judged by gel filtration chromatography, hyperchromic effect on the absorption spectrum of retinol-RBP, and changes in the circular dichroism spectrum.	Vitamin A	228-235	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	83-93
1171864-2	1975	Purified bovine retinol-RBP formed tight complexes with purified human and chicken prealbumin in physiological ionic strength buffers as judged by gel filtration chromatography, hyperchromic effect on the absorption spectrum of retinol-RBP, and changes in the circular dichroism spectrum.	Vitamin A	228-235	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	236-239
1171864-3	1975	Addition of purified human prealbumin to whole bovine serum shifted the elution position of the specific retinol-RBP fluorescence from a gel filtration column, indicating complex formation in the whole bovine serum.	Vitamin A	105-112	transthyretin	Bos taurus	27-37
1171864-3	1975	Addition of purified human prealbumin to whole bovine serum shifted the elution position of the specific retinol-RBP fluorescence from a gel filtration column, indicating complex formation in the whole bovine serum.	Vitamin A	105-112	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	113-116
1171864-4	1975	It was concluded from this series of experiments that bovine serum lacks a protein with the binding properties of prealbumin and that bovine retinol-RBP has the normal potential binding to human, chicken, and presumably other prealbumins.	Vitamin A	141-148	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	149-152
1171864-5	1975	Bovine retinol-RBP has a molecular weight, amino acid composition, absorption, and fluorescence spectra which are indistinguishable from that of human retinol-RBP, although the magnitude of the optical rotatory strength of the induced circular dichroism signal at 330 nm was 50% larger in the bovine than in the human material (1.65 and 1.1 Debye-Bohr magnetons, respectively).	Vitamin A	7-14	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	15-18
1171864-5	1975	Bovine retinol-RBP has a molecular weight, amino acid composition, absorption, and fluorescence spectra which are indistinguishable from that of human retinol-RBP, although the magnitude of the optical rotatory strength of the induced circular dichroism signal at 330 nm was 50% larger in the bovine than in the human material (1.65 and 1.1 Debye-Bohr magnetons, respectively).	Vitamin A	151-158	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	15-18
1171864-6	1975	About 12 liters of bovine and human urine were concentrated by pressure dialysis and a search was made for retinol-RBP using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography.	Vitamin A	107-114	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	115-118
1157828-1	1975	The interactions of calcium, vitamin A, vinblastine, and cytochalasin B in PTH secretion.	Vitamin A	29-38	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	75-78
1141771-1	1975	Levels of retinol-binding (RBP), the plasma transport protein for vitamin A, were measured by radioimmunoassay in sera and in a large number of tissues from both normal and vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	10-17	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
1141771-1	1975	Levels of retinol-binding (RBP), the plasma transport protein for vitamin A, were measured by radioimmunoassay in sera and in a large number of tissues from both normal and vitamin A-deficient rats.	Vitamin A	66-75	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
1141771-5	1975	In general, except for liver, RBP levels were lower in tissues from vitamin A-deficient rats than in those from normal rats.	Vitamin A	68-77	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
1141771-7	1975	In vitamin A-deficient rats, the liver RBP level was about three times the normal level whereas the kidney and serum levels were about one-fifth the normal values.	Vitamin A	3-12	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
1092676-4	1975	Bovine and human retinol-125I-RBP were found to bind specifically to intact isolated pigment epithelium cells from bovine eyes.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	30-33
1092676-7	1975	The specific binding of both human and bovine retinol-125I-RBP was a linear function of the number of binding sites (number of cells) and was saturable with respect to retinol-125I-RBP.	Vitamin A	46-53	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	59-62
1092676-7	1975	The specific binding of both human and bovine retinol-125I-RBP was a linear function of the number of binding sites (number of cells) and was saturable with respect to retinol-125I-RBP.	Vitamin A	46-53	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	181-184
1092676-7	1975	The specific binding of both human and bovine retinol-125I-RBP was a linear function of the number of binding sites (number of cells) and was saturable with respect to retinol-125I-RBP.	Vitamin A	168-175	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	59-62
1092676-7	1975	The specific binding of both human and bovine retinol-125I-RBP was a linear function of the number of binding sites (number of cells) and was saturable with respect to retinol-125I-RBP.	Vitamin A	168-175	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	181-184
1092676-8	1975	Bound iodinated retinol-RBP was rapidly displaced by the addition of unlabeled retinol-RBP, indicating that the specific binding process was a surface phenomenon and was not due to endocytosis.	Vitamin A	16-23	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	24-27
1092676-8	1975	Bound iodinated retinol-RBP was rapidly displaced by the addition of unlabeled retinol-RBP, indicating that the specific binding process was a surface phenomenon and was not due to endocytosis.	Vitamin A	16-23	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	87-90
1092676-8	1975	Bound iodinated retinol-RBP was rapidly displaced by the addition of unlabeled retinol-RBP, indicating that the specific binding process was a surface phenomenon and was not due to endocytosis.	Vitamin A	79-86	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	24-27
1092676-8	1975	Bound iodinated retinol-RBP was rapidly displaced by the addition of unlabeled retinol-RBP, indicating that the specific binding process was a surface phenomenon and was not due to endocytosis.	Vitamin A	79-86	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	87-90
1092676-9	1975	At saturation about 3.7 to 5.2 times 10-4 molecules of either bovine or human retinol-125I-RBP bound to one bovine pigment epithelium cell.	Vitamin A	78-85	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	91-94
1092676-10	1975	The dissociation constant for the binding between retinol-125I-RBP and pigment epithelium receptor was estimated to be about 5 times 10-minus 12 M. Addition of human prealbumin (thyroxine-binding prealbumin) did not affect the binding of either human or bovine retinol-125I-RBP to pigment epithelium cells.	Vitamin A	50-57	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	63-66
1092676-10	1975	The dissociation constant for the binding between retinol-125I-RBP and pigment epithelium receptor was estimated to be about 5 times 10-minus 12 M. Addition of human prealbumin (thyroxine-binding prealbumin) did not affect the binding of either human or bovine retinol-125I-RBP to pigment epithelium cells.	Vitamin A	50-57	transthyretin	Bos taurus	166-176
1092676-10	1975	The dissociation constant for the binding between retinol-125I-RBP and pigment epithelium receptor was estimated to be about 5 times 10-minus 12 M. Addition of human prealbumin (thyroxine-binding prealbumin) did not affect the binding of either human or bovine retinol-125I-RBP to pigment epithelium cells.	Vitamin A	261-268	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	63-66
1092676-10	1975	The dissociation constant for the binding between retinol-125I-RBP and pigment epithelium receptor was estimated to be about 5 times 10-minus 12 M. Addition of human prealbumin (thyroxine-binding prealbumin) did not affect the binding of either human or bovine retinol-125I-RBP to pigment epithelium cells.	Vitamin A	261-268	transthyretin	Bos taurus	166-176
1092676-11	1975	Retinol-125I-RBP did not bind specifically to isolated bovine rod photoreceptor outer segments.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	13-16
1092676-12	1975	Human apo-RBP was less effective in displacing bound retinol-125I-RBP than either native or reconstituted human retinol-RBP.	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	10-13
1092676-12	1975	Human apo-RBP was less effective in displacing bound retinol-125I-RBP than either native or reconstituted human retinol-RBP.	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	66-69
1092676-12	1975	Human apo-RBP was less effective in displacing bound retinol-125I-RBP than either native or reconstituted human retinol-RBP.	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	66-69
1092676-13	1975	These results suggest a mechanism whereby, after delivering its retinol to the cell, apo-RBP is displaced from the specific receptor on pigment epithelium cell by another retinol-RBP molecule.	Vitamin A	64-71	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	89-92
1092676-13	1975	These results suggest a mechanism whereby, after delivering its retinol to the cell, apo-RBP is displaced from the specific receptor on pigment epithelium cell by another retinol-RBP molecule.	Vitamin A	171-178	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	89-92
1092676-13	1975	These results suggest a mechanism whereby, after delivering its retinol to the cell, apo-RBP is displaced from the specific receptor on pigment epithelium cell by another retinol-RBP molecule.	Vitamin A	171-178	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	179-182
1092676-14	1975	This postulated mechanism makes it possible to control the delivery of retinol to the target cell by the relative plasma concentrations of apo- and retinol-RBP and their relative affinities for the specific receptor binding site.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	156-159
805200-0	1975	Vitamin A transport in chicken plasma: isolation and characterization of retinol-binding protein (RBP), prealbumin (PA), and RBP--PA complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	73-96
805200-0	1975	Vitamin A transport in chicken plasma: isolation and characterization of retinol-binding protein (RBP), prealbumin (PA), and RBP--PA complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	98-101
805200-0	1975	Vitamin A transport in chicken plasma: isolation and characterization of retinol-binding protein (RBP), prealbumin (PA), and RBP--PA complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	104-114
805200-0	1975	Vitamin A transport in chicken plasma: isolation and characterization of retinol-binding protein (RBP), prealbumin (PA), and RBP--PA complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	116-118
805200-0	1975	Vitamin A transport in chicken plasma: isolation and characterization of retinol-binding protein (RBP), prealbumin (PA), and RBP--PA complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	125-128
805200-3	1975	Purified RBP contained 1 mole of vitamin A bound per mole of RBP.	Vitamin A	33-42	riboflavin binding protein	Gallus gallus	9-12
805200-10	1975	It is well established that vitamin A is transported bound to a specific plasma protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP), in both man (1,2) and rat (3).	Vitamin A	28-37	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	89-112
805200-10	1975	It is well established that vitamin A is transported bound to a specific plasma protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP), in both man (1,2) and rat (3).	Vitamin A	28-37	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	114-117
805200-11	1975	Purified human and rat plasma RBP have a single binding site for one molecule of retinol, alpha mobility on disc gel electrophoresis, and a molecular weight of approximately 20,000.	Vitamin A	81-88	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
1127357-1	1975	Vitamin A is normally transported in plasma as retinol bound to a specific protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	84-107
1127357-1	1975	Vitamin A is normally transported in plasma as retinol bound to a specific protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
1127357-1	1975	Vitamin A is normally transported in plasma as retinol bound to a specific protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	84-107
1127357-1	1975	Vitamin A is normally transported in plasma as retinol bound to a specific protein, retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
1127357-2	1975	Detailed studies were conducted to examine the effects of excess vitamin A on the plasma concentration and metabolism of RBP, and to obtain information about vitamin A transport in the hypervitaminotic state.	Vitamin A	65-74	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
1127357-8	1975	In both studies, administration of large, excessive doses of vitamin A resulted in substantial and significant decreases in the levels of serum RBP.	Vitamin A	61-70	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
1127357-9	1975	Excessive doses of vitamin A produced fatty liver in the rats, in association with a normal (group 2, Study I) or with a decreased (group 3, Study I) level of RBP in the liver.	Vitamin A	19-28	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	159-162
1127357-10	1975	It is possible that excess vitamin A leads to decreased rates of RBP synthesis in, and of RBP secretion from, the liver.	Vitamin A	27-36	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
1127357-10	1975	It is possible that excess vitamin A leads to decreased rates of RBP synthesis in, and of RBP secretion from, the liver.	Vitamin A	27-36	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
805336-5	1975	On the other hand, a high correlation persists between RBP and retinol plasma level along the successive steps of clinical recovery, suggesting that RBP acts as the limiting factor for retinol transport.	Vitamin A	63-70	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	55-58
805336-5	1975	On the other hand, a high correlation persists between RBP and retinol plasma level along the successive steps of clinical recovery, suggesting that RBP acts as the limiting factor for retinol transport.	Vitamin A	63-70	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	149-152
805336-5	1975	On the other hand, a high correlation persists between RBP and retinol plasma level along the successive steps of clinical recovery, suggesting that RBP acts as the limiting factor for retinol transport.	Vitamin A	185-192	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	55-58
805336-5	1975	On the other hand, a high correlation persists between RBP and retinol plasma level along the successive steps of clinical recovery, suggesting that RBP acts as the limiting factor for retinol transport.	Vitamin A	185-192	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	149-152
235536-5	1975	After 4 hours at pH 11.7, 13 percent of retinol is lost from retinol-RBP.	Vitamin A	40-47	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	69-72
235536-5	1975	After 4 hours at pH 11.7, 13 percent of retinol is lost from retinol-RBP.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	69-72
235536-8	1975	Acetylation of retinol-RBP with 10-fold molar excess of N-acetylimidazole over tyrosine resulted in the acetylation of all lysine residues and in the acetylation of 0.9 to 1.3 tyrosyl residues per molecule (out of eight).	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	23-26
235536-9	1975	Acetylation of retinol-RBP, APO-RBP, and retinol-RBP-prealbumin complex with 50-fold molar excess of N-acetylimidazole resulted, again, with all of the lysine residues being acetylated and between 1.8 and 2.8 tyrosyl residues per molecule being acetylated.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	23-26
4155824-0	1974	[The effect of vitamin A on rat liver phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase tyrosine transaminase activity].	Vitamin A	15-24	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	38-65
1113510-0	1975	Subcellular mechanisms of parathyroid hormone secretion: ultrastructural changes in response to calcium, vitamin A, vinblastine, and cytochalasin B.	Vitamin A	105-114	parathyroid hormone	Bos taurus	26-45
986177-3	1976	Human urine retinol-binding protein displayed a similar affinity, though possibly slightly smaller than that of the human plasma protein, toward human prealbumin.	Vitamin A	12-19	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	151-161
986177-5	1976	Solution of a binding equation which assumes identical, independent sites, indicated that the number of binding sites on prealbumin for retinol-binding protein is somewhat less than 2 with the human system, and in the neighborhood of 4 with the chicken system.	Vitamin A	136-143	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	121-131
986177-7	1976	A major share of the negative cooperativity is likely to result from steric hindrance induced by already bound retinol-binding protein molecules, which have a sizable volume compared to the volume of the prealbumin molecule.	Vitamin A	111-118	transthyretin	Gallus gallus	204-214
235512-2	1975	At pH 7.4, the binding of retinol to RBP caused the following spectroscopic changes in the ligand: (a) an enhancement of the fluorescence decay time (gamma = 8 ns); and (b) an increase in the emission anisotropy (A = 0.29).	Vitamin A	26-33	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	37-40
235512-4	1975	The increase in the fluorescence decay time of bound retinol is not due to dielectric relaxation effects of polar groups, since nanosecond time-resolved emission spectra of either retinol in glycerol or retinol bound to RBP, failed to show any time-dependent shifts in emission maxima during the time period investigated 0 to 30 ns.	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	220-223
4469692-2	1974	Alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for ethanol metabolism, is also required for the conversion of retinol to bioactive retinal at the end organ site.	Vitamin A	109-116	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	0-21
4469692-3	1974	Ethanol inhibits the oxidation of retinol by testicular homogenates containing alcohol dehydrogenase.	Vitamin A	34-41	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	79-100
4281095-0	1974	[Permeability of cell membranes of small intestine mucosa and their ATPase activity during vitamin A deficiency and irradiation].	Vitamin A	91-100	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	68-74
4841162-0	1974	Dynamics and function of vitamin A compounds in rat retina after a small bleach of rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	25-34	rhodopsin	Rattus norvegicus	83-92
4848375-0	1974	[Consumption of vitamin A in Ribeira, Sao Paulo (Brazil)].	Vitamin A	16-25	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-41
4337154-9	1972	The interaction of retinol with RBP appears to be stabilized by the formation of the RBP-prealbumin complex.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	32-35
4337154-1	1972	Methods have been developed for the removal of retinol from human plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), so as to form the retinol-free apoprotein, and for the recombination of apo-RBP with retinol to again form the holoprotein.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	98-101
4337154-1	1972	Methods have been developed for the removal of retinol from human plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP), so as to form the retinol-free apoprotein, and for the recombination of apo-RBP with retinol to again form the holoprotein.	Vitamin A	73-80	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	98-101
4337154-2	1972	Retinol is removed from RBP by gently shaking a solution of RBP with heptane under controlled conditions.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	24-27
4337154-2	1972	Retinol is removed from RBP by gently shaking a solution of RBP with heptane under controlled conditions.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	60-63
4337154-3	1972	During the shaking, retinol is gradually extracted from the RBP and into the heptane phase.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	60-63
4337154-4	1972	The reassociation of apo-RBP with retinol is achieved by exposing a solution of apo-RBP to Celite coated with a thin film of retinol, followed by isolation of the RBP by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
4337154-4	1972	The reassociation of apo-RBP with retinol is achieved by exposing a solution of apo-RBP to Celite coated with a thin film of retinol, followed by isolation of the RBP by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	84-87
4337154-4	1972	The reassociation of apo-RBP with retinol is achieved by exposing a solution of apo-RBP to Celite coated with a thin film of retinol, followed by isolation of the RBP by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100.	Vitamin A	34-41	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	84-87
4337154-4	1972	The reassociation of apo-RBP with retinol is achieved by exposing a solution of apo-RBP to Celite coated with a thin film of retinol, followed by isolation of the RBP by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100.	Vitamin A	125-132	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
4337154-5	1972	This procedure results in the recombination of apo-RBP with an amount of retinol almost identical with that previously removed by extraction.	Vitamin A	73-80	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	51-54
4337154-6	1972	The two-phase extraction procedure was used to explore some of the factors which affect the interaction of retinol with RBP.	Vitamin A	107-114	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	120-123
4337154-7	1972	The retinol-RBP complex was most stable in the lower portion of the pH range 5.6 to 10.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-15
4337154-8	1972	The rate of removal of retinol from the RBP-prealbumin complex (the form in which RBP normally circulates in plasma) was markedly less than the rate of its removal from RBP alone.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	40-43
4337154-8	1972	The rate of removal of retinol from the RBP-prealbumin complex (the form in which RBP normally circulates in plasma) was markedly less than the rate of its removal from RBP alone.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	82-85
4337154-8	1972	The rate of removal of retinol from the RBP-prealbumin complex (the form in which RBP normally circulates in plasma) was markedly less than the rate of its removal from RBP alone.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	82-85
5096525-1	1971	The effects of diseases of the liver, the thyroid, and the kidneys on the retinol-binding protein (RBP)-prealbumin (PA) system responsible for the transport of vitamin A in plasma were examined, using a radial gel diffusion immunoassay for PA and the previously described radioimmunoassay for RBP.	Vitamin A	160-169	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-97
5096525-1	1971	The effects of diseases of the liver, the thyroid, and the kidneys on the retinol-binding protein (RBP)-prealbumin (PA) system responsible for the transport of vitamin A in plasma were examined, using a radial gel diffusion immunoassay for PA and the previously described radioimmunoassay for RBP.	Vitamin A	160-169	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	99-102
5096525-9	1971	The molar ratios of RBP:PA and of RBP:vitamin A were both markedly elevated.	Vitamin A	38-47	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	34-37
4988783-14	1970	In all subjects plasma RBP was generally saturated with retinol.	Vitamin A	56-63	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	23-26
17805859-5	1968	Of these proteolytic enzymes only ficin, bromelain, and rat-kidney lysosomal cathepsin D were inhibited significantly by 1x10(-4) M retinol.Some nonproteolytic enzymes not inhibited by retinol were acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), beta-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), arylsulfatase (EC 3.1.6.1), and pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40).	Vitamin A	132-139	cathepsin D	Rattus norvegicus	77-88
17805859-7	1968	Carotene and retinol inhibited ficin and cathepsin D to similar extents.	Vitamin A	13-20	cathepsin D	Rattus norvegicus	41-52
5241516-0	1968	Localization of vitamin A in the eye of a pulmonate snail.	Vitamin A	16-25	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
6073966-0	1967	Drug effects on retinol oxidation: retinal alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase.	Vitamin A	16-23	thioredoxin reductase 1	Homo sapiens	56-70
14328958-0	1965	INHIBITION BY ACTINOMYCIN D OF BONE RESORPTION INDUCED BY PARATHYROID HORMONE OR VITAMIN A.	Vitamin A	81-90	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	58-77
14195604-6	1964	Vitamin A induced swelling of mitochondria with release of malic dehydrogenase and, at higher concentrations, release of beta-glucuronidase.	Vitamin A	0-9	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	121-139
13738328-0	1961	[Effect of vitamin A and thyroidin on catalase and cholinesterase activity in white rats].	Vitamin A	11-20	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	51-65
13328142-0	1956	The uptake of C14 by vitamin A in rats.	Vitamin A	21-30	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-17
14367777-6	1955	Iodopsin is resynthesized from photopsin and a cis isomer of vitamin A, neovitamin Ab or the corresponding neoretinene b, the same isomer that forms rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	61-70	opsin 1 (cone pigments), long-wave-sensitive (color blindness, protan)	Gallus gallus	0-8
13096906-0	1953	Use of 1,2-dichloroethane in the Carr-Price antimony trichloride reagent for the determination of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	98-107	arrestin 3	Homo sapiens	33-37
14830226-0	1951	The equilibrium between vitamin A alcohol and aldehyde in the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase.	Vitamin A	24-41	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	74-95
14791470-0	1950	Action of alcohol dehydrogenase on vitamin A.	Vitamin A	35-44	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	10-31
16588966-0	1950	The Synthesis of Rhodopsin from Vitamin A(1).	Vitamin A	32-41	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	17-26
18902407-0	1948	A simultaneous Carr-Price reaction for the determination of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	60-69	arrestin 3	Homo sapiens	15-19
20276170-0	1946	Changes in the absorption spectra due to aging of the Carr-Price reaction mixture with vitamin A and the common carotenoid pigment.	Vitamin A	87-96	arrestin 3	Homo sapiens	54-58
20282462-0	1946	Studies in the polyene series; the C17 acid and C18 ketone related to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	70-79	cytokine like 1	Homo sapiens	35-38
20282462-0	1946	Studies in the polyene series; the C17 acid and C18 ketone related to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	70-79	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	48-51
16747660-0	1943	Micro-method for estimating vitamin A by the Carr-Price reaction.	Vitamin A	28-37	arrestin 3	Homo sapiens	45-49
16747095-0	1939	Vitamin A and carotenoids in the liver of mammals, birds, reptiles and man, with particular regard to the intensity of the ultraviolet absorption and the Carr-Price reaction of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	0-9	arrestin 3	Homo sapiens	154-158
16747095-0	1939	Vitamin A and carotenoids in the liver of mammals, birds, reptiles and man, with particular regard to the intensity of the ultraviolet absorption and the Carr-Price reaction of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	177-186	arrestin 3	Homo sapiens	154-158
18014729-1	1937	Lysozyme in Vitamin A and in Uronic Acid Deficiencies.	Vitamin A	12-21	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	0-8
16745360-0	1934	Fat metabolism in vitamin A deficiency: the utilisation of fat and the desaturation of fat in the liver.	Vitamin A	18-27	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
16745360-0	1934	Fat metabolism in vitamin A deficiency: the utilisation of fat and the desaturation of fat in the liver.	Vitamin A	18-27	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	59-62
16745360-0	1934	Fat metabolism in vitamin A deficiency: the utilisation of fat and the desaturation of fat in the liver.	Vitamin A	18-27	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	87-90
1184297-7	1975	Retinol excess decreased ash and hydroxyproline and increased glycosaminoglycans and uronic acid in dry, fat-free cartilage.	Vitamin A	0-7	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Gallus gallus	105-108
5010760-0	1972	[Effect of vitamin A on the level of seromucoid and fibrinogen and the activity of muramidase in the serum of patients with bronchial asthma].	Vitamin A	11-20	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	52-62
5152070-0	1971	[Ceruloplasmin activity in patients with psoriasis treated with vitamin A and aevit].	Vitamin A	64-73	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	1-14
5546287-3	1971	A fraction of the retinol released from rhodopsin during illumination disappears presumably from the pigment epithelium into the blood and becomes unavailable for rhodopsin regeneration.	Vitamin A	18-25	rhodopsin	Rattus norvegicus	40-49
5546287-3	1971	A fraction of the retinol released from rhodopsin during illumination disappears presumably from the pigment epithelium into the blood and becomes unavailable for rhodopsin regeneration.	Vitamin A	18-25	rhodopsin	Rattus norvegicus	163-172
5546288-3	1971	Vitamin A deficiency protects against this damage but experiments show that retinol released by light from rhodopsin is probably not the toxic agent.	Vitamin A	76-83	rhodopsin	Rattus norvegicus	107-116
4988783-13	1970	There was a highly significant correlation between the plasma levels of RBP and of vitamin A in both normal subjects and patients with hepatitis.	Vitamin A	83-92	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	72-75
5515835-2	1970	Vitamin A content of the liver in different groups of piglets and its relationship to hemoglobin levels].	Vitamin A	0-9	HGB	Sus scrofa	86-96
4979887-0	1969	Pyrazole inhibition and kinetic studies of ethanol and retinol oxidation catalyzed by rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase.	Vitamin A	55-62	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	96-117
5675424-0	1968	Retinol-binding protein: the transport protein for vitamin A in human plasma.	Vitamin A	51-60	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
5675424-3	1968	In order to study this protein, volunteers were injected intravenously with retinol-15-(14)C. Plasma was collected 1-3 days later, and the purification of retinol-binding protein (RBP) was monitored by assaying for (14)C and also by following the fluorescence of the protein-bound retinol.	Vitamin A	155-162	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	180-183
5675424-7	1968	There appears to be one binding site for retinol per molecule of RBP.	Vitamin A	41-48	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	65-68
5675424-8	1968	Solutions of RBP are fluorescent (characteristic of retinol) and have ultraviolet absorption spectra with peaks at 330 mmu (resulting from the bound retinol) and at 280 mmu.	Vitamin A	52-59	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	13-16
5675424-8	1968	Solutions of RBP are fluorescent (characteristic of retinol) and have ultraviolet absorption spectra with peaks at 330 mmu (resulting from the bound retinol) and at 280 mmu.	Vitamin A	149-156	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	13-16
5675424-15	1968	Retinol transport in plasma thus appears to involve both a lipid-protein (retinol-RBP) interaction and a protein-protein (RBP-prealbumin) interaction.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	82-85
5675424-15	1968	Retinol transport in plasma thus appears to involve both a lipid-protein (retinol-RBP) interaction and a protein-protein (RBP-prealbumin) interaction.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	122-125
6001324-0	1966	[A new approach to the study to the mechanism of vitamin A biosynthesis from carotene: O18 activation by nuclear reaction O18 (alpha, eta gamma) Ne21 using cyclotron-accelerated alpha-particles].	Vitamin A	49-58	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-33	Homo sapiens	87-90
6001324-0	1966	[A new approach to the study to the mechanism of vitamin A biosynthesis from carotene: O18 activation by nuclear reaction O18 (alpha, eta gamma) Ne21 using cyclotron-accelerated alpha-particles].	Vitamin A	49-58	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-33	Homo sapiens	122-125
6004442-0	1966	[The effect of vitamin A on the protective reaction of the organism in injection of thrombin into the vascular system].	Vitamin A	15-24	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	84-92
14204820-0	1964	A COMPARISON OF ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL AND LUMBAR SPINAL FLUID PRESSURES MEASURED SIMULTANEOUSLY IN ADEQUATE AND VITAMIN A-DEFICIENT PIGS.	Vitamin A	108-117	phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class S	Sus scrofa	128-132
13686959-0	1961	[Influence of vitamin A on the therapeutic activity of lysozyme in vaginal trichomoniasis].	Vitamin A	14-23	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	55-63
13263416-0	1955	Effect of vitamin A supplements on serum PBI level, and disposal of exogenous thyroxine.	Vitamin A	10-19	submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3A	Homo sapiens	41-44
13004792-0	1952	[Relation between prothrombin time and vitamin A].	Vitamin A	39-48	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	18-29
18108501-1	1949	In the surviving vertebrate retina the retinene(1) liberated by bleaching rhodopsin is converted quantitatively to vitamin A(1).	Vitamin A	115-124	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	74-83
18108501-19	1949	Yet this reduction must be balanced by an oxidative process elsewhere in the rhodopsin cycle, since through rhodopsin as intermediate vitamin A(1) regenerates retinene(1).	Vitamin A	134-143	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	77-86
18108501-19	1949	Yet this reduction must be balanced by an oxidative process elsewhere in the rhodopsin cycle, since through rhodopsin as intermediate vitamin A(1) regenerates retinene(1).	Vitamin A	134-143	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	108-117
4337154-9	1972	The interaction of retinol with RBP appears to be stabilized by the formation of the RBP-prealbumin complex.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	85-88
4337154-10	1972	The recombination procedure was employed to examine the specificity of the binding of retinol to RBP, by determining whether compounds other than all-trans-retinol would effectively bind to apo-RBP.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	97-100
4337154-14	1972	Each of two isomers of retinol, 13-cis and 11,13-di-cis-retinol, bound to apo-RBP to some extent.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	78-81
4337154-16	1972	The binding of retinol to RBP is highly but not absolutely specific.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	26-29
33991313-2	2021	We show here that Degs1 is polyubiquitinated in response to retinol derivatives, phenolic compounds or anti-oxidants in HEK293T cells.	Vitamin A	60-67	delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
34014838-6	2021	Metabolic analysis revealed strong correlations between B and Tfh cell activation, anti-SIV antibodies, and IL-7 expression with enriched retinol metabolism, which facilitates gut homing of antigen-activated lymphocytes.	Vitamin A	138-145	interleukin 7	Homo sapiens	108-112
33991313-9	2021	The de novo synthesis of ceramide or the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of Degs1 in response to anti-oxidants, retinol derivatives and phenolic compounds appear to involve sensors, and for rectifier function, this might be Degs1 itself.	Vitamin A	114-121	delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1	Homo sapiens	78-83
33986294-5	2021	5/6Nx induces the expression of GPR68 in circulating monocytes via altered CLOCK activation by increasing serum levels of retinol and its binding protein (RBP4).	Vitamin A	122-129	G protein-coupled receptor 68	Mus musculus	32-37
34000230-1	2022	OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) and serum concentrations of retinol, correlating them with IGF-1 concentrations in preschoolers with DS.	Vitamin A	97-104	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	128-133
34000230-11	2022	A moderate positive correlation was observed between pre-intervention retinol and IGF-1 (rho = 0.37; p-value = 0.01).	Vitamin A	70-77	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	82-87
34000230-12	2022	CONCLUSION: a high prevalence of VAD and deficient retinol was observed and there was a positive correlation between serum retinol and IGF-1.	Vitamin A	123-130	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	135-140
33167034-7	2021	Serum retinol levels were also inversely associated with hip OA (95% CI, 0.257, 0.778).	Vitamin A	6-13	hedgehog interacting protein	Homo sapiens	57-60
33167034-10	2021	Serum retinol levels were inversely associated with hip OA.	Vitamin A	6-13	hedgehog interacting protein	Homo sapiens	52-55
33986294-5	2021	5/6Nx induces the expression of GPR68 in circulating monocytes via altered CLOCK activation by increasing serum levels of retinol and its binding protein (RBP4).	Vitamin A	122-129	circadian locomotor output cycles kaput	Mus musculus	75-80
33986294-5	2021	5/6Nx induces the expression of GPR68 in circulating monocytes via altered CLOCK activation by increasing serum levels of retinol and its binding protein (RBP4).	Vitamin A	122-129	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	155-159
33986294-7	2021	Serum retinol and RBP4 levels in CKD patients are also sufficient to induce the expression of GPR68 in human monocytes.	Vitamin A	6-13	G protein-coupled receptor 68	Homo sapiens	94-99
33967556-13	2021	Downregulation of CYP2b2 and UGT2b1 genes in retinol metabolism and upregulation of A2m and MASP1 genes in the complement and coagulation cascades pathways are possibly involved in SL-4-mediated protection against gastroduodenal ulcer.	Vitamin A	45-52	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	18-24
33991534-0	2021	Vitamin A supplementation ameliorates motor incoordination via modulating RORalpha in the cerebellum in a valproic acid-treated rat autism model with vitamin A deficiency.	Vitamin A	0-9	RAR-related orphan receptor A	Rattus norvegicus	74-82
33991687-10	2021	Moreover, expression of ALDH1A3 differed significantly between cardiomyopathy positive and negative FRDA cohorts, demonstrating that metabolites such as retinol, retinal or RA could become potential predictive biomarkers of cardiac presentation in FRDA.	Vitamin A	153-160	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A3	Homo sapiens	24-31
33958215-9	2021	RESULTS: Serum VE and VA concentrations were circulating lipids and ApoE status dependent.	Vitamin A	22-24	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	68-72
33565183-3	2021	ALDH1A2 is involved in conversion of retinol (vitamin A) into retinoic acid, which is an essential regulator of diaphragm and cardiovascular formation during embryogenesis.	Vitamin A	37-44	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2	Homo sapiens	0-7
33565183-3	2021	ALDH1A2 is involved in conversion of retinol (vitamin A) into retinoic acid, which is an essential regulator of diaphragm and cardiovascular formation during embryogenesis.	Vitamin A	46-55	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2	Homo sapiens	0-7
33928787-4	2021	RARE dependent luciferase activity was detected by in vivo imaging or in tissue extracts following manipulations with RAR/retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonists, RAR antagonists or in vitamin A deficient mice.	Vitamin A	180-189	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	0-3
33928787-9	2021	Conclusion: The RARE-luc transgenic mice, which enabled real-time in vivo assessment of RAR activation, will be useful in understanding the normal physiology of vitamin A, the role of retinoid signalling in pathologies as well as to evaluate pharmacological ligands for RARs.	Vitamin A	161-170	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	16-19
33933435-2	2021	Here, a series of amphiphilic retinoyl-bPEI conjugates (RP-1, RP-2 and RP-3) has been synthesized by allowing the reaction between bPEI (1.8 kDa) and a bioactive and hydrophobic vitamin A metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), in varying amounts.	Vitamin A	178-187	RP1 axonemal microtubule associated	Homo sapiens	56-60
33933435-2	2021	Here, a series of amphiphilic retinoyl-bPEI conjugates (RP-1, RP-2 and RP-3) has been synthesized by allowing the reaction between bPEI (1.8 kDa) and a bioactive and hydrophobic vitamin A metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), in varying amounts.	Vitamin A	178-187	RP2 activator of ARL3 GTPase	Homo sapiens	62-66
33933435-2	2021	Here, a series of amphiphilic retinoyl-bPEI conjugates (RP-1, RP-2 and RP-3) has been synthesized by allowing the reaction between bPEI (1.8 kDa) and a bioactive and hydrophobic vitamin A metabolite, all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), in varying amounts.	Vitamin A	178-187	microtubule associated protein RP/EB family member 3	Homo sapiens	71-75
33967556-13	2021	Downregulation of CYP2b2 and UGT2b1 genes in retinol metabolism and upregulation of A2m and MASP1 genes in the complement and coagulation cascades pathways are possibly involved in SL-4-mediated protection against gastroduodenal ulcer.	Vitamin A	45-52	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B17	Rattus norvegicus	29-35
33355213-11	2021	The results suggest that in the case of ALDH1A dysfunction or excess vitamin A, AOX may play an important role in regulating hepatic vitamin A homeostasis and that inhibition of AOX may alter atRA biosynthesis and signaling.	Vitamin A	69-78	aldehyde oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
34040908-4	2021	In elderly patients, as with this study, cardiac amyloidosis most often results from abnormalities in the liver protein transthyretin (TTR), a thyroxine and retinol-retinol binding complex transporter in blood.	Vitamin A	157-164	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	120-133
34040908-4	2021	In elderly patients, as with this study, cardiac amyloidosis most often results from abnormalities in the liver protein transthyretin (TTR), a thyroxine and retinol-retinol binding complex transporter in blood.	Vitamin A	157-164	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	135-138
34040908-4	2021	In elderly patients, as with this study, cardiac amyloidosis most often results from abnormalities in the liver protein transthyretin (TTR), a thyroxine and retinol-retinol binding complex transporter in blood.	Vitamin A	165-172	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	120-133
34040908-4	2021	In elderly patients, as with this study, cardiac amyloidosis most often results from abnormalities in the liver protein transthyretin (TTR), a thyroxine and retinol-retinol binding complex transporter in blood.	Vitamin A	165-172	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	135-138
33953835-2	2021	Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed alterations in endometrial remodeling, substance metabolism (mainly lipid, nitrogen, and retinol metabolism), immunological modulation, and insulin signaling in LRP sows.	Vitamin A	155-162	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	227-230
33467913-9	2021	DBS RBP-plasma retinol R2 was 0.11 for children and 0.13 for mothers.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	4-7
33467913-11	2021	Serum RBP-plasma retinol R2 was 0.75 for children and 0.55 for mothers, with mean biases of 0.13 micromol/L (95% LOA -0.23, 0.49) for children and 0.18 micromol/L (95% LOA -0.61, 0.96) for mothers.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	6-9
33467913-13	2021	The serum RBP-retinol R2 for children was moderate (0.75), but poor for other comparisons.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	10-13
33550205-0	2021	Exploitation of the vitamin A/retinoic acid axis depletes ALDH1-positive cancer stem cells and re-sensitises resistant non-small cell lung cancer cells to cisplatin.	Vitamin A	20-29	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	58-63
33484140-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Inflammation, both acute and chronic, is associated with reductions in the synthesis of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and the concentration of retinol in plasma.	Vitamin A	100-107	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	125-128
33883306-0	2021	India"s Universal Mega-dose Vitamin A Supplement Program: Time to Bid Goodbye!	Vitamin A	28-37	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	66-69
33933750-11	2021	Adjusted vitamin A insufficiency was associated with an increase in macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (MIP-1alpha, p = 0.03) and a pro-inflammatory immune response profile (p = 0.03) during the acute visit.	Vitamin A	9-18	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Homo sapiens	68-107
33933750-11	2021	Adjusted vitamin A insufficiency was associated with an increase in macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (MIP-1alpha, p = 0.03) and a pro-inflammatory immune response profile (p = 0.03) during the acute visit.	Vitamin A	9-18	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Homo sapiens	109-119
33933750-12	2021	CONCLUSIONS: We introduce a strategy for adjusting vitamin A in the context of clinical illness based on IL-6 concentrations that will need to be validated in larger studies.	Vitamin A	51-60	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	105-109
33795317-6	2021	We also found some evidence for modification of the associations between preformed vitamin A intake and lung function by BCMO1, NCOR2 and CC16 gene polymorphisms.A higher intake of preformed vitamin A, but not beta-carotene, in mid-childhood is associated with higher subsequent lung function and lower risk of fixed airflow limitation and incident asthma.	Vitamin A	83-92	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
33559895-11	2021	In multiple linear regression, alanine aminotransferase, glutamyl transpeptidase, urea, glucose, and uric acid levels increased with increasing vitamin A levels (p < 0.05), and total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased with increasing vitamin E levels (p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	144-153	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	31-55
33472949-7	2021	Moreover, activation of the YAP/RAR-RXR crosstalk in CRC cells promoted RAR self-activation loops via vitamin A metabolism, RA and active RAR ligands generated by ALDH1A3.	Vitamin A	102-111	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	28-31
33472949-7	2021	Moreover, activation of the YAP/RAR-RXR crosstalk in CRC cells promoted RAR self-activation loops via vitamin A metabolism, RA and active RAR ligands generated by ALDH1A3.	Vitamin A	102-111	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	32-35
33472949-7	2021	Moreover, activation of the YAP/RAR-RXR crosstalk in CRC cells promoted RAR self-activation loops via vitamin A metabolism, RA and active RAR ligands generated by ALDH1A3.	Vitamin A	102-111	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	36-39
33472949-7	2021	Moreover, activation of the YAP/RAR-RXR crosstalk in CRC cells promoted RAR self-activation loops via vitamin A metabolism, RA and active RAR ligands generated by ALDH1A3.	Vitamin A	102-111	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	72-75
33472949-7	2021	Moreover, activation of the YAP/RAR-RXR crosstalk in CRC cells promoted RAR self-activation loops via vitamin A metabolism, RA and active RAR ligands generated by ALDH1A3.	Vitamin A	102-111	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	72-75
33790810-1	2021	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a member of the lipocalin family and the major transport protein of the hydrophobic molecule retinol, also known as vitamin A, in the circulation.	Vitamin A	129-136	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
33790810-1	2021	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a member of the lipocalin family and the major transport protein of the hydrophobic molecule retinol, also known as vitamin A, in the circulation.	Vitamin A	129-136	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
33790810-1	2021	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a member of the lipocalin family and the major transport protein of the hydrophobic molecule retinol, also known as vitamin A, in the circulation.	Vitamin A	152-161	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
33790810-1	2021	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a member of the lipocalin family and the major transport protein of the hydrophobic molecule retinol, also known as vitamin A, in the circulation.	Vitamin A	152-161	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
33790810-2	2021	Expression of RBP4 is highest in the liver, where most of the body"s vitamin A reserves are stored as retinyl esters.	Vitamin A	69-78	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	14-18
33790810-3	2021	For the mobilization of vitamin A from the liver, retinyl esters are hydrolyzed to retinol, which then binds to RBP4 in the hepatocyte.	Vitamin A	24-33	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	112-116
33790810-3	2021	For the mobilization of vitamin A from the liver, retinyl esters are hydrolyzed to retinol, which then binds to RBP4 in the hepatocyte.	Vitamin A	83-90	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	112-116
33790810-4	2021	After associating with transthyretin (TTR), the retinol/RBP4/TTR complex is released into the bloodstream and delivers retinol to tissues via binding to specific membrane receptors.	Vitamin A	48-55	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	23-36
33790810-4	2021	After associating with transthyretin (TTR), the retinol/RBP4/TTR complex is released into the bloodstream and delivers retinol to tissues via binding to specific membrane receptors.	Vitamin A	48-55	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	38-41
33790810-4	2021	After associating with transthyretin (TTR), the retinol/RBP4/TTR complex is released into the bloodstream and delivers retinol to tissues via binding to specific membrane receptors.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	56-60
33790810-4	2021	After associating with transthyretin (TTR), the retinol/RBP4/TTR complex is released into the bloodstream and delivers retinol to tissues via binding to specific membrane receptors.	Vitamin A	48-55	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	61-64
33790810-5	2021	So far, two distinct RBP4 receptors have been identified that mediate the uptake of retinol across the cell membrane and, under specific conditions, bi-directional retinol transport.	Vitamin A	84-91	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	21-25
33790810-5	2021	So far, two distinct RBP4 receptors have been identified that mediate the uptake of retinol across the cell membrane and, under specific conditions, bi-directional retinol transport.	Vitamin A	164-171	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	21-25
33692290-5	2021	Vitamin A strengthens Treg cells by inducing the expression of Forkhead box P3, and inhibits mediator release from mast cells or eosinophils.	Vitamin A	0-9	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	63-78
33663602-12	2021	Additionally, some studies reported an interaction between the alcohol dehydrogenase-1C (ADH1C) genotype and vitamin A feed restriction for the development of marbling and/or intramuscular adipose tissue, which was dependent on the timing and level of vitamin A restriction.	Vitamin A	109-118	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C	Bos taurus	63-87
33663602-12	2021	Additionally, some studies reported an interaction between the alcohol dehydrogenase-1C (ADH1C) genotype and vitamin A feed restriction for the development of marbling and/or intramuscular adipose tissue, which was dependent on the timing and level of vitamin A restriction.	Vitamin A	109-118	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C	Bos taurus	89-94
33663602-12	2021	Additionally, some studies reported an interaction between the alcohol dehydrogenase-1C (ADH1C) genotype and vitamin A feed restriction for the development of marbling and/or intramuscular adipose tissue, which was dependent on the timing and level of vitamin A restriction.	Vitamin A	252-261	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C	Bos taurus	63-87
33663602-12	2021	Additionally, some studies reported an interaction between the alcohol dehydrogenase-1C (ADH1C) genotype and vitamin A feed restriction for the development of marbling and/or intramuscular adipose tissue, which was dependent on the timing and level of vitamin A restriction.	Vitamin A	252-261	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C	Bos taurus	89-94
33355213-11	2021	The results suggest that in the case of ALDH1A dysfunction or excess vitamin A, AOX may play an important role in regulating hepatic vitamin A homeostasis and that inhibition of AOX may alter atRA biosynthesis and signaling.	Vitamin A	133-142	aldehyde oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
33355213-13	2021	The finding that AOX may be responsible for 20-50% of overall hepatic atRA formation suggests that alterations in AOX activity via drug-drug interactions, genetic polymorphisms or disease states may impact hepatic atRA concentrations, signaling and alter vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	255-264	aldehyde oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	17-20
33355213-13	2021	The finding that AOX may be responsible for 20-50% of overall hepatic atRA formation suggests that alterations in AOX activity via drug-drug interactions, genetic polymorphisms or disease states may impact hepatic atRA concentrations, signaling and alter vitamin A homeostasis.	Vitamin A	255-264	aldehyde oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	114-117
33247626-4	2021	Concentrations of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and retinol in the circulation highly correlate with each others.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	43-46
33247626-11	2021	CONCLUSION: Low serum RBP level in our studied patients may suggest an important role of retinol in the resistant warts pathogenesis.	Vitamin A	89-96	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	22-25
33188589-5	2021	Twenty-one overlapping genes were identified, with enrichment of key Gene Oncology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, including epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, cadherin, cell adhesion, ubiquinone and glycosphingolipid biosynthesis pathways, and retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	276-283	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	147-179
33631211-3	2021	To better understand the physiological role of CRBP2, we determined its protein-lipid interactome using a fluorescence-based retinol replacement assay adapted for a high-throughput screening format.	Vitamin A	125-132	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	47-52
33631212-4	2021	The homeodomain transcription factor ISX controls the activity of the vitamin A-forming enzyme BCO1 in intestinal enterocytes in response to increasing concentration of the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	70-79	intestine specific homeobox	Mus musculus	37-40
33631212-4	2021	The homeodomain transcription factor ISX controls the activity of the vitamin A-forming enzyme BCO1 in intestinal enterocytes in response to increasing concentration of the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	70-79	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	95-99
33631212-4	2021	The homeodomain transcription factor ISX controls the activity of the vitamin A-forming enzyme BCO1 in intestinal enterocytes in response to increasing concentration of the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	173-182	intestine specific homeobox	Mus musculus	37-40
33631212-4	2021	The homeodomain transcription factor ISX controls the activity of the vitamin A-forming enzyme BCO1 in intestinal enterocytes in response to increasing concentration of the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	173-182	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	95-99
33631212-7	2021	Using genetic and pharmacological approaches in mice, we observed that in LRAT-deficiency, the transcription factor ISX became hypersensitive to dietary vitamin A and suppressed retinoid biosynthesis.	Vitamin A	153-162	intestine specific homeobox	Mus musculus	116-119
33052059-6	2021	RESULTS: The serum retinol and serum retinol/BMI levels were lower in children in the low LRAT group (LRAT<P50) compared with the high LRAT group (LRAT>=P50)(0.82 mumol/L vs. 0.94 mumol/L, 0.04 vs. 0.05, all P < .01).	Vitamin A	19-26	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	90-94
33052059-6	2021	RESULTS: The serum retinol and serum retinol/BMI levels were lower in children in the low LRAT group (LRAT<P50) compared with the high LRAT group (LRAT>=P50)(0.82 mumol/L vs. 0.94 mumol/L, 0.04 vs. 0.05, all P < .01).	Vitamin A	37-44	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	90-94
33569865-8	2021	Compared with the retinol treated side, MLV-RAL treated side showed a significant improvement of objective assessments except for dermal density.	Vitamin A	18-25	RAS like proto-oncogene A	Homo sapiens	44-47
33395599-10	2021	Genes that were enriched in bile secretion and retinol metabolism and PPAR signaling pathways were basically down-regulated in livers of mice after APAP administration and livers of mice with sleep deprivation.	Vitamin A	47-54	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	70-74
33586683-3	2021	Here, we show that pCF remodels with aging and a high-fat diet and that the size and function of this depot are controlled by alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1), an enzyme that oxidizes retinol into retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	182-189	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	126-149
33586683-3	2021	Here, we show that pCF remodels with aging and a high-fat diet and that the size and function of this depot are controlled by alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (ADH1), an enzyme that oxidizes retinol into retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	182-189	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	151-155
33570783-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Retinol binding protein 1 (Rbp1) acts as an intracellular regulator of vitamin A metabolism and retinoid transport.	Vitamin A	83-92	retinol binding protein 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	12-37
33570783-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Retinol binding protein 1 (Rbp1) acts as an intracellular regulator of vitamin A metabolism and retinoid transport.	Vitamin A	83-92	retinol binding protein 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	39-43
33570783-2	2021	In mice, Rbp1 deficiency decreases the capacity of hepatic stellate cells to take up all-trans retinol and sustain retinyl ester stores.	Vitamin A	95-102	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	9-13
33557409-5	2021	Our pathway enrichment analysis revealed multiple pathways involving the alcohol dehydrogenase 4 gene, such as the metabolism pathways of retinol, tyrosine, and fatty acid.	Vitamin A	138-145	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Homo sapiens	73-96
33530086-0	2021	Dysregulation of miR-637 is involved in the development of retinopathy in hypertension patients and serves a regulatory role in retinol endothelial cell proliferation.	Vitamin A	128-135	microRNA 637	Homo sapiens	17-24
33573953-12	2021	On the 36th day, the levels of IgA and total antioxidant capacity in the Vitamin C sodium Vitamin A group were significantly higher than those in the EQ Vitamin A and NC (P < 0.05) groups.	Vitamin A	90-99	IGHA	Sus scrofa	31-34
33485967-2	2021	The bioactive derivative of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA) was shown to regulate major metabolic genes including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fatty acid synthase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, and glucokinase among others.	Vitamin A	28-37	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	147-166
33717590-14	2021	GSEA results showed that high expressed DYNLRB2 and SPTBN1 were enriched in Drug metabolism cytochrome P450, Cardiac muscle contraction, Retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	137-144	dynein light chain roadblock-type 2	Homo sapiens	40-47
33717590-14	2021	GSEA results showed that high expressed DYNLRB2 and SPTBN1 were enriched in Drug metabolism cytochrome P450, Cardiac muscle contraction, Retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	137-144	spectrin beta, non-erythrocytic 1	Homo sapiens	52-58
33717590-14	2021	GSEA results showed that high expressed DYNLRB2 and SPTBN1 were enriched in Drug metabolism cytochrome P450, Cardiac muscle contraction, Retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	137-144	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	92-107
33499915-13	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Present study showed that high adherence to a nutrient pattern rich in vitamin A, vitamin C, pyridoxine, potassium, and fructose is inversely associated with 3-years changes in insulin, HOMA-IR, and directly associated with HOMA-S.	Vitamin A	84-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	190-197
33501609-12	2021	KEGG pathway analysis shows that these DEGs are mainly related to protein digestion and absorption, PPAR signaling pathway, signaling pathways regulating stem cells" pluripotency, and Retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	184-191	delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
33487053-8	2021	The severity of OPLL negatively correlated with serum vitamin A levels in male early-onset OPLL patients.	Vitamin A	54-63	OPLL	Homo sapiens	16-20
33487053-8	2021	The severity of OPLL negatively correlated with serum vitamin A levels in male early-onset OPLL patients.	Vitamin A	54-63	OPLL	Homo sapiens	91-95
33487053-9	2021	The multiple regression analysis revealed that the severity of thoracic OPLL had an association with onset age and serum vitamin A level.	Vitamin A	121-130	OPLL	Homo sapiens	72-76
33487053-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin A deficiency resulting from unbalanced dietary habits is associated with exacerbation of male early-onset OPLL.	Vitamin A	13-22	OPLL	Homo sapiens	127-131
33485967-2	2021	The bioactive derivative of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA) was shown to regulate major metabolic genes including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, fatty acid synthase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, and glucokinase among others.	Vitamin A	28-37	glucokinase	Homo sapiens	206-217
33407858-0	2021	Retinol from hepatic stellate cells via STRA6 induces lipogenesis on hepatocytes during fibrosis.	Vitamin A	0-7	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	40-45
33407858-7	2021	RESULTS: When we blocked the Tif1gamma in HSCs using Lrat:Cas9-ERT2:sgTif1gamma mice, retinol is distributed into hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	86-93	tripartite motif-containing 33	Mus musculus	29-38
33407858-10	2021	In the LX2, TIF1gamma-suppression resulted in upregulation of STRA6 and retinol release, which was inhibited by STRA6 knock-down.	Vitamin A	72-79	tripartite motif-containing 33	Mus musculus	12-21
33407858-10	2021	In the LX2, TIF1gamma-suppression resulted in upregulation of STRA6 and retinol release, which was inhibited by STRA6 knock-down.	Vitamin A	72-79	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	112-117
33407858-11	2021	The role of STRA6-mediated retinol transfer from HSCs to hepatocytes in liver fibrosis was demonstrated by in vivo experiments where blocking of STRA6 reduced fibrosis.	Vitamin A	27-34	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	12-17
33407858-11	2021	The role of STRA6-mediated retinol transfer from HSCs to hepatocytes in liver fibrosis was demonstrated by in vivo experiments where blocking of STRA6 reduced fibrosis.	Vitamin A	27-34	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	145-150
33407858-12	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Retinol from HSCs via STRA6 in response to injury with TIF1gamma-reduction is taken up by hepatocytes via STRA6, leading to fat-deposition and damage, and liver fibrosis.	Vitamin A	13-20	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	35-40
33407858-12	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Retinol from HSCs via STRA6 in response to injury with TIF1gamma-reduction is taken up by hepatocytes via STRA6, leading to fat-deposition and damage, and liver fibrosis.	Vitamin A	13-20	tripartite motif-containing 33	Mus musculus	68-77
33407858-12	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Retinol from HSCs via STRA6 in response to injury with TIF1gamma-reduction is taken up by hepatocytes via STRA6, leading to fat-deposition and damage, and liver fibrosis.	Vitamin A	13-20	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	119-124
33336563-6	2021	The outcome of this study revealed that the VitA-coupled cationic liposomes delivered the TLR4 shRNA to aHSCs more efficiently, as compared to the uncoupled cationic liposomes, both in the in vitro and in vivo conditions.	Vitamin A	44-48	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	90-94
33682692-4	2021	OBJECTIVE: The goal of this research is to assess the effect of the vitamin A derivative all-trans retinoic acid (RA) and polyphenol pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) on the expression of elastin in human aortic smooth muscle cells (hASMC).	Vitamin A	68-77	elastin	Homo sapiens	181-188
33177108-5	2021	Reduced ADH1-mediated retinol metabolism was associated with attenuated RA signaling and accumulated MDSCs in CRC tumors.	Vitamin A	22-29	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	8-12
32698042-2	2021	Genetic variants in retinol metabolism (PNPLA3 and HSD17B13) are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and disease progression.	Vitamin A	20-27	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3	Mus musculus	40-46
32698042-2	2021	Genetic variants in retinol metabolism (PNPLA3 and HSD17B13) are associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and disease progression.	Vitamin A	20-27	hydroxysteroid (17-beta) dehydrogenase 13	Mus musculus	51-59
33129902-1	2021	Tetrameric transthyretin (TTR) transports thyroid hormones and retinol in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid and performs protective functions under stress conditions.	Vitamin A	63-70	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	11-24
33129902-1	2021	Tetrameric transthyretin (TTR) transports thyroid hormones and retinol in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid and performs protective functions under stress conditions.	Vitamin A	63-70	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	26-29
33336563-8	2021	Thus, the VitA-coupled liposomes encapsulated with the TLR4-shRNA might prove as an efficient therapeutic agent for liver fibrosis.	Vitamin A	10-14	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
33130074-0	2021	Maternal vitamin A deficiency impairs cholinergic and nitrergic neurons, leading to gastrointestinal dysfunction in rat offspring via RARbeta.	Vitamin A	9-18	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	134-141
33167078-8	2021	CONCLUSIONS: The vitamin A-phospholipid association suggests increased hydrolysis by PLB, PLRP2, and/or PLA2 IB may be involved in the trend in higher vitamin A bioavailability in MetS persons.	Vitamin A	17-26	pancreatic lipase related protein 2 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	90-95
33167078-8	2021	CONCLUSIONS: The vitamin A-phospholipid association suggests increased hydrolysis by PLB, PLRP2, and/or PLA2 IB may be involved in the trend in higher vitamin A bioavailability in MetS persons.	Vitamin A	151-160	pancreatic lipase related protein 2 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	90-95
33790122-2	2021	Vitamin A are composed of four isoprene units and are named according to their terminal functional group, such as retinol (OH, 1), retinal (CHO, 2), and retinoic acid (CO2H, 3).	Vitamin A	0-9	EBP cholestenol delta-isomerase	Homo sapiens	140-146
33834724-7	2021	When comparing groups of women with the deletion in GSTT1, an increase in the content of substrates and lipid peroxidation products was observed at all stages of lipid peroxidation, oxidized glutathione, glutathione S-transferase activity with a decrease in the content of reduced glutathione and retinol in the insomnia group as compared to controls.	Vitamin A	297-304	glutathione S-transferase theta 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
32865619-2	2020	All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the main active metabolite of vitamin A, exerts non-genomic interactions with different members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family, recognized modulators of different tumor progression pathways.	Vitamin A	62-71	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	153-156
33382930-7	2021	Insight is provided into the effect of vitamin A on ACE-2 expression in the respiratory tract and its association with the prognosis of Covid-19 patients.	Vitamin A	39-48	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	52-57
33425761-12	2020	GSEA analysis showed that the expression of LCN2 was related to retinol metabolism, drug metabolism cytochrome P450 and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450.	Vitamin A	64-71	lipocalin 2	Homo sapiens	44-48
33348885-1	2020	Human transthyretin (hTTR), a serum protein with a main role in transporting thyroid hormones and retinol through binding to the retinol-binding protein, is an amyloidogenic protein involved in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy, and central nervous system selective amyloidosis.	Vitamin A	98-105	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	6-19
33348885-1	2020	Human transthyretin (hTTR), a serum protein with a main role in transporting thyroid hormones and retinol through binding to the retinol-binding protein, is an amyloidogenic protein involved in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy, and central nervous system selective amyloidosis.	Vitamin A	98-105	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	21-25
33348885-1	2020	Human transthyretin (hTTR), a serum protein with a main role in transporting thyroid hormones and retinol through binding to the retinol-binding protein, is an amyloidogenic protein involved in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy, and central nervous system selective amyloidosis.	Vitamin A	129-136	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	6-19
33348885-1	2020	Human transthyretin (hTTR), a serum protein with a main role in transporting thyroid hormones and retinol through binding to the retinol-binding protein, is an amyloidogenic protein involved in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), familial amyloidotic cardiomyopathy, and central nervous system selective amyloidosis.	Vitamin A	129-136	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	21-25
33339130-1	2020	Vitamin A- (retinol), vitamin B12- (haptocorrin) and vitamin D-binding proteins are the major circulatory transporters of their respective ligands; they are also constituents of the salivary proteome, the origins of which, remain unclear.	Vitamin A	0-9	transcobalamin 1	Homo sapiens	36-47
33214151-2	2020	In obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), the major retinol carrier in serum, is elevated in AT and has proinflammatory effects which are mediated partially through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).	Vitamin A	38-45	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	65-69
33214151-2	2020	In obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), the major retinol carrier in serum, is elevated in AT and has proinflammatory effects which are mediated partially through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).	Vitamin A	38-45	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	195-215
33214151-2	2020	In obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), the major retinol carrier in serum, is elevated in AT and has proinflammatory effects which are mediated partially through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).	Vitamin A	38-45	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	217-221
33261247-8	2021	Changes in vitamin A level were positively correlated with changes in dietary vitamin A (p=0.001) and RBP4 concentration (p=0.023).	Vitamin A	11-20	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	102-106
33336594-7	2020	Gene set enrichment analysis analysis demonstrated that retinol metabolism, drug metabolism cytochrome P450 and tryptophan metabolism were significantly enriched in DLL3 expression phenotype.	Vitamin A	56-63	delta like canonical Notch ligand 3	Homo sapiens	165-169
33129832-3	2020	Bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), the main whey protein, has a strong propensity to bind various bioactive molecules, such as retinol and resveratrol, two ligands with different affinity and binding sites.	Vitamin A	125-132	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	7-25
33129832-3	2020	Bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG), the main whey protein, has a strong propensity to bind various bioactive molecules, such as retinol and resveratrol, two ligands with different affinity and binding sites.	Vitamin A	125-132	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	27-30
33129832-6	2020	Retinol, which has a high affinity for BLG hydrophobic cavity, significantly stabilizes BLG both in 3D and local environments, by shifting the onset of protein unfolding by ~100 MPa.	Vitamin A	0-7	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	39-42
33129832-6	2020	Retinol, which has a high affinity for BLG hydrophobic cavity, significantly stabilizes BLG both in 3D and local environments, by shifting the onset of protein unfolding by ~100 MPa.	Vitamin A	0-7	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	88-91
33129832-10	2020	Ab initio modeling of SANS shows that the oligomers formed from BLG/retinol complex are smaller and more elongated compared to BLG without ligand or in the presence of resveratrol.	Vitamin A	68-75	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	64-67
33129832-10	2020	Ab initio modeling of SANS shows that the oligomers formed from BLG/retinol complex are smaller and more elongated compared to BLG without ligand or in the presence of resveratrol.	Vitamin A	68-75	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	127-130
33128348-3	2020	Studies showed that retinol X receptor alpha (RXRalpha) and 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD) have anti-tumour effects.	Vitamin A	20-27	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	46-54
32419519-3	2020	TTR is a transporter protein that under physiological condition carries thyroxine (T4) and retinol in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); it also has a neuroprotective role against Alzheimer"s disease (AD).	Vitamin A	91-98	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-3
33065162-10	2020	The silencing of OGT reversed the disruption of the cellular retinol cascade, RBP4 overproduction and inflammation induced by high glucose in hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	61-68	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:polypeptide-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase)	Mus musculus	17-20
33065162-11	2020	CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the disruption of cellular retinol cascade is strongly associated with RBP4 overproduction and inflammation in diabetic livers.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	110-114
32992038-4	2020	RESULTS: We show that cold stimulation in mice and humans leads to an increase in circulating retinol and its plasma transporter Rbp.	Vitamin A	94-101	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	129-132
33001386-2	2020	TTR transports the thyroid hormone thyroxine and the retinol-binding protein (RBP) bound to retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	53-60	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-3
33001386-2	2020	TTR transports the thyroid hormone thyroxine and the retinol-binding protein (RBP) bound to retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	78-81
33001386-2	2020	TTR transports the thyroid hormone thyroxine and the retinol-binding protein (RBP) bound to retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	101-110	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-3
33001386-2	2020	TTR transports the thyroid hormone thyroxine and the retinol-binding protein (RBP) bound to retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	101-110	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	53-76
33001386-2	2020	TTR transports the thyroid hormone thyroxine and the retinol-binding protein (RBP) bound to retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	101-110	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	78-81
33324556-3	2020	Stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) is the only described cell membrane receptor for retinol uptake.	Vitamin A	87-94	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	31-36
33261050-1	2020	RPE65 isomerase, expressed in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE), is an enzymatic component of the retinoid cycle, converting all-trans retinyl ester into 11-cis retinol, and it is essential for vision, because it replenishes the photon capturing 11-cis retinal.	Vitamin A	159-173	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	0-5
32939553-0	2020	High-Dose Neonatal Vitamin A Supplementation to Bangladeshi Infants Increases the Percentage of CCR9-Positive Treg Cells in Infants with Lower Birthweight in Early Infancy, and Decreases Plasma sCD14 Concentration and the Prevalence of Vitamin A Deficiency at Two Years of Age.	Vitamin A	19-28	C-C motif chemokine receptor 9	Homo sapiens	96-100
33212973-1	2020	Transthyretin (TTR), previously named prealbumin is a plasma protein secreted mainly by the liver and choroid plexus (CP) that is a carrier for thyroid hormones (THs) and retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	171-178	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
33212973-1	2020	Transthyretin (TTR), previously named prealbumin is a plasma protein secreted mainly by the liver and choroid plexus (CP) that is a carrier for thyroid hormones (THs) and retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	171-178	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
33212973-1	2020	Transthyretin (TTR), previously named prealbumin is a plasma protein secreted mainly by the liver and choroid plexus (CP) that is a carrier for thyroid hormones (THs) and retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	180-189	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
33212973-1	2020	Transthyretin (TTR), previously named prealbumin is a plasma protein secreted mainly by the liver and choroid plexus (CP) that is a carrier for thyroid hormones (THs) and retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	180-189	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
33198782-2	2020	Vitamin A (retinol), a kind of antioxidant, plays a role in restoring ovarian oxidative damage, while C-reactive protein (CRP) is the classical marker of oxidative stress and has recently been identified as an independent variable that is associated with low anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels in young women with DOR.	Vitamin A	0-9	anti-Mullerian hormone	Homo sapiens	283-286
33198782-3	2020	Additionally, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) can be considered a substitute for retinol in healthy, nonobese women.	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	41-45
32873706-2	2020	Studies in mammals, fish and birds revealed that BCO2 controls carotenoid homeostasis and is involved in the pathway for vitamin A production.	Vitamin A	121-130	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	49-53
33182307-0	2020	Human Microfibrillar-Associated Protein 4 (MFAP4) Gene Promoter: A TATA-Less Promoter That Is Regulated by Retinol and Coenzyme Q10 in Human Fibroblast Cells.	Vitamin A	107-114	microfibril associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	6-41
33182307-0	2020	Human Microfibrillar-Associated Protein 4 (MFAP4) Gene Promoter: A TATA-Less Promoter That Is Regulated by Retinol and Coenzyme Q10 in Human Fibroblast Cells.	Vitamin A	107-114	microfibril associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
33251495-0	2020	eys +/- ; lrp5 +/- Zebrafish Reveals Lrp5 Can Be the Receptor of Retinol in the Visual Cycle.	Vitamin A	65-72	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5	Danio rerio	10-14
33251495-0	2020	eys +/- ; lrp5 +/- Zebrafish Reveals Lrp5 Can Be the Receptor of Retinol in the Visual Cycle.	Vitamin A	65-72	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5	Danio rerio	37-41
33251495-7	2020	Collectively, these results strongly suggest that Lrp5 is a potent candidate of the receptor of atROL in the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	96-101	LDL receptor related protein 5	Homo sapiens	50-54
31927141-4	2020	Along with its companion proteins p66Shc, cytochrome c, and vitamin A, the PKCdelta/retinol complex is located in the intermembrane space of mitochondria.	Vitamin A	84-91	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	42-54
31927141-4	2020	Along with its companion proteins p66Shc, cytochrome c, and vitamin A, the PKCdelta/retinol complex is located in the intermembrane space of mitochondria.	Vitamin A	84-91	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	75-83
31927141-7	2020	The PKCdelta/retinol signalosome monitors the internal cytochrome c redox state that reflects the workload of the respiratory chain.	Vitamin A	13-20	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	4-12
31927141-7	2020	The PKCdelta/retinol signalosome monitors the internal cytochrome c redox state that reflects the workload of the respiratory chain.	Vitamin A	13-20	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	55-67
31927141-10	2020	Several retinoids, notably anhydroretinol and fenretinide, capable of displacing retinol from binding sites on PKCdelta, can co-activate PKCdelta signaling but, owing to their extended system of conjugated double bonds, are unable to silence PKCdelta in a timely manner.	Vitamin A	34-41	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	111-119
31927141-10	2020	Several retinoids, notably anhydroretinol and fenretinide, capable of displacing retinol from binding sites on PKCdelta, can co-activate PKCdelta signaling but, owing to their extended system of conjugated double bonds, are unable to silence PKCdelta in a timely manner.	Vitamin A	34-41	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	137-145
31927141-10	2020	Several retinoids, notably anhydroretinol and fenretinide, capable of displacing retinol from binding sites on PKCdelta, can co-activate PKCdelta signaling but, owing to their extended system of conjugated double bonds, are unable to silence PKCdelta in a timely manner.	Vitamin A	34-41	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	137-145
32492133-5	2020	Immunohistochemical analysis showed that platelet-type 12S-lipoxygenase colocalized with alpha-smooth muscle actin as well as vitamin A in the cells distributing along liver sinusoids.	Vitamin A	126-135	arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase	Mus musculus	55-71
32388801-4	2020	Alcohol dehydrogenase may not only catalyze the oxidation of retinol and ethanol but also be involved in a variety of neurotransmitter metabolic pathways.	Vitamin A	61-68	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	0-21
31927141-0	2020	The mitochondrial PKCdelta/retinol signal complex exerts real-time control on energy homeostasis.	Vitamin A	27-34	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	18-26
33154657-5	2020	Results: There was a negative correlation between serum retinol and hs-CRP in alcohol drinking men.	Vitamin A	56-63	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	71-74
33154657-6	2020	There was a negative correlation between serum retinol and hs-CRP in the alcohol-nonsmoking female group.	Vitamin A	47-54	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	62-65
33154657-11	2020	Conclusion: There was a negative correlation between serum retinol and hs-CRP and positive correlation between alpha-tocopherol and hs-CRP.	Vitamin A	59-66	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	74-77
32963037-3	2020	Strong epidemiological data find an inverse association between plasma beta-carotene with atherosclerosis, and we recently showed that beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) activity, responsible for beta-carotene cleavage to vitamin A, is associated with reduced plasma cholesterol in humans and mice.	Vitamin A	220-229	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	135-160
32963037-3	2020	Strong epidemiological data find an inverse association between plasma beta-carotene with atherosclerosis, and we recently showed that beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) activity, responsible for beta-carotene cleavage to vitamin A, is associated with reduced plasma cholesterol in humans and mice.	Vitamin A	220-229	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	162-166
33052507-5	2022	The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of statin treatment in children with FH on plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins: retinol, alpha-tocopherol and coenzyme Q10.	Vitamin A	142-149	low density lipoprotein receptor	Homo sapiens	89-91
32791384-1	2020	Transthyretin (TTR) is an amyloidogenic homotetramer involved in the transport of thyroxine and retinol in blood and cerebrospinal fluid.	Vitamin A	96-103	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
32878437-2	2020	Retinal bisretinoid synthesis depends on influx of serum all-trans-retinol (1) delivered via a tertiary retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)-transthyretin (TTR)-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	57-74	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	104-129
32878437-2	2020	Retinal bisretinoid synthesis depends on influx of serum all-trans-retinol (1) delivered via a tertiary retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)-transthyretin (TTR)-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	57-74	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	131-135
32878437-2	2020	Retinal bisretinoid synthesis depends on influx of serum all-trans-retinol (1) delivered via a tertiary retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)-transthyretin (TTR)-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	57-74	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	137-150
32878437-2	2020	Retinal bisretinoid synthesis depends on influx of serum all-trans-retinol (1) delivered via a tertiary retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)-transthyretin (TTR)-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	57-74	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	152-155
32878437-2	2020	Retinal bisretinoid synthesis depends on influx of serum all-trans-retinol (1) delivered via a tertiary retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)-transthyretin (TTR)-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	104-129
32878437-2	2020	Retinal bisretinoid synthesis depends on influx of serum all-trans-retinol (1) delivered via a tertiary retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)-transthyretin (TTR)-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	131-135
32878437-2	2020	Retinal bisretinoid synthesis depends on influx of serum all-trans-retinol (1) delivered via a tertiary retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)-transthyretin (TTR)-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	67-74	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	137-150
32878437-2	2020	Retinal bisretinoid synthesis depends on influx of serum all-trans-retinol (1) delivered via a tertiary retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)-transthyretin (TTR)-retinol complex.	Vitamin A	67-74	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	152-155
32878437-3	2020	We previously identified selective RBP4 antagonists that dissociate circulating RBP4-TTR-retinol complexes, reduce serum RBP4 levels, and inhibit bisretinoid synthesis in models of enhanced retinal lipofuscinogenesis.	Vitamin A	89-96	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	35-39
32878437-3	2020	We previously identified selective RBP4 antagonists that dissociate circulating RBP4-TTR-retinol complexes, reduce serum RBP4 levels, and inhibit bisretinoid synthesis in models of enhanced retinal lipofuscinogenesis.	Vitamin A	89-96	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	80-84
32878437-3	2020	We previously identified selective RBP4 antagonists that dissociate circulating RBP4-TTR-retinol complexes, reduce serum RBP4 levels, and inhibit bisretinoid synthesis in models of enhanced retinal lipofuscinogenesis.	Vitamin A	89-96	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	85-88
32878437-3	2020	We previously identified selective RBP4 antagonists that dissociate circulating RBP4-TTR-retinol complexes, reduce serum RBP4 levels, and inhibit bisretinoid synthesis in models of enhanced retinal lipofuscinogenesis.	Vitamin A	89-96	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	80-84
33036224-8	2020	Calcium (p = 0.003), vitamin A (p = 0.007), and vitamin E (p = 0.005) intakes were higher in the MET group.	Vitamin A	21-30	SAFB like transcription modulator	Homo sapiens	97-100
32791384-1	2020	Transthyretin (TTR) is an amyloidogenic homotetramer involved in the transport of thyroxine and retinol in blood and cerebrospinal fluid.	Vitamin A	96-103	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
32859629-6	2020	RESULTS: We identified stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) as a differentially overexpressed gene, which encodes a transmembrane protein that mediates the cellular uptake of retinol.	Vitamin A	176-183	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	54-59
32828431-1	2020	Transthyretin (TTR) is a ss-sheet-rich homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol both in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid.	Vitamin A	97-104	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
32828431-1	2020	Transthyretin (TTR) is a ss-sheet-rich homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol both in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid.	Vitamin A	97-104	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
32485245-0	2020	Glycyrrhetinic acid attenuates disturbed vitamin a metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through AKR1B10.	Vitamin A	41-50	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B10 (aldose reductase)	Mus musculus	107-114
32485245-6	2020	RNA sequence analysis of model mice liver revealed significant changes in AKR1B10 (retinol metabolic enzymes).	Vitamin A	83-90	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B10 (aldose reductase)	Mus musculus	74-81
32924835-9	2022	Results: Vitamin A deficiency from weaning significantly lowered hippocampal levels of retinoic acid, reduced dendritic length and branching of CA1 pyramidal neurons and decreased spontaneous glutamatergic synaptic events and synaptic plasticity.	Vitamin A	9-18	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
32985285-7	2020	Mediation models were established to examine whether SOD mediated the association between dietary vitamin A or alpha-tocopherol intake and NAFLD.	Vitamin A	98-107	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	53-56
32985285-8	2020	Spearman correlation analysis indicated that dietary vitamin A and alpha-tocopherol intake were positively correlated with SOD (p < .05).	Vitamin A	53-62	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	123-126
32985285-10	2020	Mediation analysis indicated that SOD significantly mediated the indirect effect of dietary alpha-tocopherol (mediated effect = 13.21% total effect) or vitamin A (mediated effect = 3.12% total effect) intake on NAFLD.	Vitamin A	152-161	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
32985285-11	2020	Our study indicated that dietary vitamin A and alpha-tocopherol intake may contribute to protect from NAFLD in Chinese non-diabetics, and the associations were partly mediated by SOD.	Vitamin A	33-42	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	179-182
32985285-12	2020	However, SOD only accounted for a minor percentage of the association between vitamin A intake and NAFLD.	Vitamin A	78-87	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	9-12
32406587-10	2020	In comparison with human research, the increase in the retinol/RBP4 ratio was unexpected and needs further elucidation.	Vitamin A	55-62	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
32731898-2	2020	As infections affect serum vitamin A productions, the real status need to be adjusted by acute phase protein (APP).	Vitamin A	27-36	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	89-108
32565006-0	2020	Predictive role of vitamin A serum concentration in psoriatic patients treated with IL-17 inhibitors to prevent skin and systemic fungal infections.	Vitamin A	19-28	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	84-89
32984354-0	2020	Silybin Prevents Prostate Cancer by Inhibited the ALDH1A1 Expression in the Retinol Metabolism Pathway.	Vitamin A	76-83	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	50-57
32923723-8	2020	Nutritional status and diet contributed to the levels of IGFBP-1, demonstrated as an inverse correlation with maternal weight (Spearman r = -0.205, P = 0.04) and dietary intake of vitamin A (r = -0.253, P = 0.014) and a direct correlation with dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (Spearman r = 0.222, P = 0.03).	Vitamin A	180-189	insulin like growth factor binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	57-64
32433733-4	2020	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of dietary beta-carotene and the activity of beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1), which is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A, on circulating cholesterol concentration.	Vitamin A	217-226	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	112-137
32433733-4	2020	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the impact of dietary beta-carotene and the activity of beta-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1), which is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A, on circulating cholesterol concentration.	Vitamin A	217-226	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	139-143
32433733-8	2020	Our results in the UP AMIGOS cohort show that the rs6564851 allele of BCO1, which has been linked to BCO1 enzymatic activity, was associated with a reduction in 10 mg/dL total cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.009) when adjusted for vitamin A and carotenoid intakes.	Vitamin A	233-242	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	70-74
32433733-8	2020	Our results in the UP AMIGOS cohort show that the rs6564851 allele of BCO1, which has been linked to BCO1 enzymatic activity, was associated with a reduction in 10 mg/dL total cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.009) when adjusted for vitamin A and carotenoid intakes.	Vitamin A	233-242	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	101-105
32433733-10	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our results in mice and young adults show that BCO1 activity impacts circulating cholesterol concentration, linking vitamin A formation with the risk of developing ASCVD.	Vitamin A	138-147	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	69-73
32597569-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Syndromic microphthalmia-9 (MCOPS9) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in STRA6, an important regulator of vitamin A and retinoic acid metabolism.	Vitamin A	143-152	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	40-46
32597569-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Syndromic microphthalmia-9 (MCOPS9) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in STRA6, an important regulator of vitamin A and retinoic acid metabolism.	Vitamin A	143-152	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	110-115
32731898-6	2020	RESULTS: Vitamin A concentrations in RMPP group were significantly lower than those in GMPP patients (P < 0.05), vitamin A (OR = 0.795, 95% C. I 0.669-0.946) and CRP (OR = 1.050, 95% C. I 1.014-1.087) were independently associated with RMPP incidence.	Vitamin A	9-18	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	162-165
32304991-6	2020	Interestingly, we also found that enhanced retinoic acid signals by lncRNA-H19 was associated with a coordinate increase in retinol metabolism during HSC activation.	Vitamin A	124-131	fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group)	Homo sapiens	150-153
32694937-12	2020	FOS, IGF1R, IGF2, FOXO1, and NTF3 might target "TGF-beta signaling pathway", "the hedgehog signaling pathway", "retinol metabolism", or "type II diabetes mellitus" pathways respectively.	Vitamin A	112-119	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	0-3
32694937-12	2020	FOS, IGF1R, IGF2, FOXO1, and NTF3 might target "TGF-beta signaling pathway", "the hedgehog signaling pathway", "retinol metabolism", or "type II diabetes mellitus" pathways respectively.	Vitamin A	112-119	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	5-10
32694937-12	2020	FOS, IGF1R, IGF2, FOXO1, and NTF3 might target "TGF-beta signaling pathway", "the hedgehog signaling pathway", "retinol metabolism", or "type II diabetes mellitus" pathways respectively.	Vitamin A	112-119	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	12-16
32694937-12	2020	FOS, IGF1R, IGF2, FOXO1, and NTF3 might target "TGF-beta signaling pathway", "the hedgehog signaling pathway", "retinol metabolism", or "type II diabetes mellitus" pathways respectively.	Vitamin A	112-119	forkhead box O1	Homo sapiens	18-23
32694937-12	2020	FOS, IGF1R, IGF2, FOXO1, and NTF3 might target "TGF-beta signaling pathway", "the hedgehog signaling pathway", "retinol metabolism", or "type II diabetes mellitus" pathways respectively.	Vitamin A	112-119	neurotrophin 3	Homo sapiens	29-33
32664150-5	2020	Moreover, the biological roles of BIRC5 were related to G-protein coupled receptor signal pathway, and the functions of DEPDC1B were related to the G-protein coupled receptor signal pathway and retinol metabolism in PCa.Taken together, we identified 1 module, 24 candidate hub genes and 2 real hub genes, which were prominently associated with PCa progression.	Vitamin A	194-201	baculoviral IAP repeat containing 5	Homo sapiens	34-39
32664150-5	2020	Moreover, the biological roles of BIRC5 were related to G-protein coupled receptor signal pathway, and the functions of DEPDC1B were related to the G-protein coupled receptor signal pathway and retinol metabolism in PCa.Taken together, we identified 1 module, 24 candidate hub genes and 2 real hub genes, which were prominently associated with PCa progression.	Vitamin A	194-201	DEP domain containing 1B	Homo sapiens	120-127
32695508-4	2020	ALDH1 has a role in early stem cell differentiation through its function in the oxidation of retinol to retinoic acid, proposed to be a strong candidate for breast cancer stem cells.	Vitamin A	93-100	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	0-5
32311081-2	2020	As Vitamin A deficiency is an important public health issue, we aimed at increasing carotenoids in apple by constitutively expressing the Arabidopsis thaliana DXR gene, one of the key regulatory steps in the plastidial isoprenoid pathway.	Vitamin A	3-12	1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase	Arabidopsis thaliana	159-162
32567290-2	2020	Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin A and D combination supplement on interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and clinical outcome in ischemic stroke.	Vitamin A	64-73	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	106-123
32567290-2	2020	Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin A and D combination supplement on interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and clinical outcome in ischemic stroke.	Vitamin A	64-73	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	125-133
32567290-10	2020	Conclusion Administration of combination of vitamin A and D supplementation can significantly increase vitamin A and D serum level, decrease IL-1beta serum level, and ultimately improve clinical outcome in ischemic stroke patients.	Vitamin A	44-53	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	141-149
32587255-1	2020	Retinol-binding protein 1 (RBP1) is involved in several physiological functions, including the regulation of the metabolism and retinol transport.	Vitamin A	128-135	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	0-25
32587255-1	2020	Retinol-binding protein 1 (RBP1) is involved in several physiological functions, including the regulation of the metabolism and retinol transport.	Vitamin A	128-135	retinol binding protein 1, cellular	Mus musculus	27-31
32323592-1	2020	Background: The retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is essential in delivering retinol to the retinal pigment epithelium and normal functioning of the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	16-23	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	43-47
32541022-2	2020	In the retina, thyroid hormone receptor beta (thrb) is required for expression of long-wavelength-sensitive opsin (lws) in red cone photoreceptors, while in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), TH regulates expression of a cytochrome P450 enzyme, cyp27c1, that converts vitamin A1 into vitamin A2 to produce a red-shifted chromophore.	Vitamin A	267-277	thyroid hormone receptor beta	Danio rerio	15-44
32541022-2	2020	In the retina, thyroid hormone receptor beta (thrb) is required for expression of long-wavelength-sensitive opsin (lws) in red cone photoreceptors, while in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), TH regulates expression of a cytochrome P450 enzyme, cyp27c1, that converts vitamin A1 into vitamin A2 to produce a red-shifted chromophore.	Vitamin A	267-277	thyroid hormone receptor beta	Danio rerio	46-50
32541022-2	2020	In the retina, thyroid hormone receptor beta (thrb) is required for expression of long-wavelength-sensitive opsin (lws) in red cone photoreceptors, while in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), TH regulates expression of a cytochrome P450 enzyme, cyp27c1, that converts vitamin A1 into vitamin A2 to produce a red-shifted chromophore.	Vitamin A	267-277	tyrosine hydroxylase	Danio rerio	191-193
32605249-7	2020	The lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) enzyme that produces all-trans retinyl esters was translocated from the cytoplasm to the nuclei in urothelial cells as a consequence of BBN treatment regardless of vitamin A rich diet.	Vitamin A	208-217	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	38-42
33364042-8	2021	Although vitamin A needs dose moderation, these results suggest that, high-dose vitamin A plus E supplementation combined with zinc may improve glycemic control, beta-cell function, and insulin secretion in adults with T2DM.	Vitamin A	80-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	186-193
32188692-2	2020	By binding to 11-cis-retinoid, CRALBP augments the isomerase activity of retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65 (RPE65) and facilitates 11-cis-retinol oxidation to 11-cis-retinal.	Vitamin A	129-143	retinaldehyde binding protein 1	Mus musculus	31-37
32237270-0	2020	Overexpression of miR-455-5p affects retinol (vitamin A) absorption by downregulating STRA6 in a nitrofen-induced CDH with lung hypoplasia rat model.	Vitamin A	46-55	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
32237270-10	2020	In addition, the average IOD of the STRA6 protein was significantly lower in the nitrofen group (805.643 +- 291.182 vs 1616.391 +- 572.308, P = .015), and the average retinol level was significantly reduced (4.013 +- 0.195 vs 5.317 +- 0.337 microg/L, P = .000).	Vitamin A	167-174	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
32237270-11	2020	In summary, the overexpression of miR-455-5p affected retinol absorption by downregulating STRA6 in the nitrofen-induced CDH with lung hypoplasia rat model, and this downregulation may be one cause of CDH with lung hypoplasia.	Vitamin A	54-61	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Rattus norvegicus	91-96
30964778-7	2020	Regression analysis revealed an association between serum VA levels and risk of Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (beta = -2.37).	Vitamin A	58-60	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	115-124
32415141-6	2020	As a result, ten metabolic parameters in the serum and seven metabolic parameters in the longissimus dorsi muscle were down-regulated in the vitamin A treatment group compared to those in the control group (VIP value > 1.0, p < 0.05).	Vitamin A	141-150	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Bos taurus	207-210
32205185-0	2020	Vitamin A regulates neural stem cell proliferation in rats after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage via RARalpha-mediated modulation of the beta-catenin pathway.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	99-107
32205185-0	2020	Vitamin A regulates neural stem cell proliferation in rats after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage via RARalpha-mediated modulation of the beta-catenin pathway.	Vitamin A	0-9	catenin beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-147
32205185-1	2020	Our previous experiments found that a suitable dose of vitamin A (VA) can affect neuronal apoptosis after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) by binding to RARalpha to activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; however, the other neuroprotective effects of VA after HIBD, for example, whether it promotes neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, remain unclear.	Vitamin A	55-64	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	157-165
32205185-1	2020	Our previous experiments found that a suitable dose of vitamin A (VA) can affect neuronal apoptosis after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) by binding to RARalpha to activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; however, the other neuroprotective effects of VA after HIBD, for example, whether it promotes neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, remain unclear.	Vitamin A	55-64	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
32205185-1	2020	Our previous experiments found that a suitable dose of vitamin A (VA) can affect neuronal apoptosis after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) by binding to RARalpha to activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; however, the other neuroprotective effects of VA after HIBD, for example, whether it promotes neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, remain unclear.	Vitamin A	66-68	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	157-165
32205185-1	2020	Our previous experiments found that a suitable dose of vitamin A (VA) can affect neuronal apoptosis after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) by binding to RARalpha to activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; however, the other neuroprotective effects of VA after HIBD, for example, whether it promotes neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, remain unclear.	Vitamin A	66-68	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
32205185-1	2020	Our previous experiments found that a suitable dose of vitamin A (VA) can affect neuronal apoptosis after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) by binding to RARalpha to activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway; however, the other neuroprotective effects of VA after HIBD, for example, whether it promotes neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, remain unclear.	Vitamin A	256-258	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	157-165
32238432-6	2020	The retinol-isomerase activities of Rpe65 and Des1 are inhibited by emixustat and fenretinide, respectively.	Vitamin A	4-11	delta(4)-desaturase, sphingolipid 1	Danio rerio	46-50
32300017-4	2020	STRA6 is a multitransmembrane domain cell-surface receptor and mediates vitamin A uptake from plasma retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	72-81	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
32300017-4	2020	STRA6 is a multitransmembrane domain cell-surface receptor and mediates vitamin A uptake from plasma retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	72-81	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	101-124
32300017-4	2020	STRA6 is a multitransmembrane domain cell-surface receptor and mediates vitamin A uptake from plasma retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	72-81	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	126-129
32300017-5	2020	STRA6 can mediate both cellular vitamin A influx and efflux, but what regulates these opposing activities is unknown.	Vitamin A	32-41	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
32300017-6	2020	To answer this question, we purified and identified STRA6-associated proteins in a native mammalian cell type that takes up vitamin A through STRA6 using mass spectrometry.	Vitamin A	124-133	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	52-57
32300017-6	2020	To answer this question, we purified and identified STRA6-associated proteins in a native mammalian cell type that takes up vitamin A through STRA6 using mass spectrometry.	Vitamin A	124-133	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	142-147
32300017-8	2020	Using radioactivity-based, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based and real-time fluorescence techniques, we found that calmodulin profoundly affects STRA6"s vitamin A transport activity.	Vitamin A	170-179	calmodulin 3b (phosphorylase kinase, delta)	Danio rerio	132-142
32300017-8	2020	Using radioactivity-based, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based and real-time fluorescence techniques, we found that calmodulin profoundly affects STRA6"s vitamin A transport activity.	Vitamin A	170-179	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Danio rerio	162-167
32300017-9	2020	Increased calcium/calmodulin promotes cellular vitamin A efflux and suppresses vitamin A influx through STRA6.	Vitamin A	47-56	calmodulin 3b (phosphorylase kinase, delta)	Danio rerio	18-28
32300017-9	2020	Increased calcium/calmodulin promotes cellular vitamin A efflux and suppresses vitamin A influx through STRA6.	Vitamin A	79-88	calmodulin 3b (phosphorylase kinase, delta)	Danio rerio	18-28
32300017-9	2020	Increased calcium/calmodulin promotes cellular vitamin A efflux and suppresses vitamin A influx through STRA6.	Vitamin A	79-88	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Danio rerio	104-109
32300017-11	2020	This study revealed that calmodulin regulates STRA6"s vitamin A influx or efflux activity by modulating its preferential interaction with apo-RBP or holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	54-63	calmodulin 3b (phosphorylase kinase, delta)	Danio rerio	25-35
32300017-11	2020	This study revealed that calmodulin regulates STRA6"s vitamin A influx or efflux activity by modulating its preferential interaction with apo-RBP or holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	54-63	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Danio rerio	46-51
32300017-11	2020	This study revealed that calmodulin regulates STRA6"s vitamin A influx or efflux activity by modulating its preferential interaction with apo-RBP or holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	54-63	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	142-145
32300017-11	2020	This study revealed that calmodulin regulates STRA6"s vitamin A influx or efflux activity by modulating its preferential interaction with apo-RBP or holo-RBP.	Vitamin A	54-63	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	154-157
31868199-2	2020	Vitamin A circulates mainly as retinol bound to retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and is delivered to tissues and converted to retinoic acid, which is a ligand for several nuclear receptors.	Vitamin A	31-38	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	48-73
31868199-2	2020	Vitamin A circulates mainly as retinol bound to retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and is delivered to tissues and converted to retinoic acid, which is a ligand for several nuclear receptors.	Vitamin A	31-38	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	75-79
31868199-5	2020	As one of the main roles of RBP4 is to deliver retinol to tissues for biological action, the associations of retinol and retinoic acid with these diseases must also be considered.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	28-32
32241558-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Transthyretin functions as a serum transport protein for retinol.	Vitamin A	69-76	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	12-25
31659573-5	2020	In particular, ten genes including Cyp2j11, Cyp2b10, Cyp3a13, Dhrs9, Socs2, Stat4, Gm13305, Cyp3a44, Retsat, and Cyp26b1 were significantly enriched in the functional categories related to retinol metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and Jak-STAT signaling pathway.	Vitamin A	189-196	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily j, polypeptide 11	Mus musculus	35-42
31659573-5	2020	In particular, ten genes including Cyp2j11, Cyp2b10, Cyp3a13, Dhrs9, Socs2, Stat4, Gm13305, Cyp3a44, Retsat, and Cyp26b1 were significantly enriched in the functional categories related to retinol metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and Jak-STAT signaling pathway.	Vitamin A	189-196	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 10	Mus musculus	44-51
31659573-5	2020	In particular, ten genes including Cyp2j11, Cyp2b10, Cyp3a13, Dhrs9, Socs2, Stat4, Gm13305, Cyp3a44, Retsat, and Cyp26b1 were significantly enriched in the functional categories related to retinol metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and Jak-STAT signaling pathway.	Vitamin A	189-196	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 13	Mus musculus	53-60
31659573-5	2020	In particular, ten genes including Cyp2j11, Cyp2b10, Cyp3a13, Dhrs9, Socs2, Stat4, Gm13305, Cyp3a44, Retsat, and Cyp26b1 were significantly enriched in the functional categories related to retinol metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and Jak-STAT signaling pathway.	Vitamin A	189-196	dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 9	Mus musculus	62-67
31659573-5	2020	In particular, ten genes including Cyp2j11, Cyp2b10, Cyp3a13, Dhrs9, Socs2, Stat4, Gm13305, Cyp3a44, Retsat, and Cyp26b1 were significantly enriched in the functional categories related to retinol metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and Jak-STAT signaling pathway.	Vitamin A	189-196	predicted gene 13305	Mus musculus	83-90
31659573-5	2020	In particular, ten genes including Cyp2j11, Cyp2b10, Cyp3a13, Dhrs9, Socs2, Stat4, Gm13305, Cyp3a44, Retsat, and Cyp26b1 were significantly enriched in the functional categories related to retinol metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and Jak-STAT signaling pathway.	Vitamin A	189-196	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 44	Mus musculus	92-99
31659573-5	2020	In particular, ten genes including Cyp2j11, Cyp2b10, Cyp3a13, Dhrs9, Socs2, Stat4, Gm13305, Cyp3a44, Retsat, and Cyp26b1 were significantly enriched in the functional categories related to retinol metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and Jak-STAT signaling pathway.	Vitamin A	189-196	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	113-120
31659573-5	2020	In particular, ten genes including Cyp2j11, Cyp2b10, Cyp3a13, Dhrs9, Socs2, Stat4, Gm13305, Cyp3a44, Retsat, and Cyp26b1 were significantly enriched in the functional categories related to retinol metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and Jak-STAT signaling pathway.	Vitamin A	189-196	signal transducer and activator of transcription 4	Mus musculus	243-247
32365517-2	2020	ROL circulates bound to the plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP4) as RBP4-ROL.	Vitamin A	35-42	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	60-64
32204073-6	2020	When retinol was added into the ME containing alpha-tocopherol, it further reduced TNF-alpha expression by 2-fold (p < 0.001), suggesting the additive effect of vitamin E and vitamin A in the treatment against skin inflammation.	Vitamin A	5-12	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	83-92
32483804-10	2020	CONCLUSION:  The limited use of HD Vit-A seems to have a safe and significant effect on the treatment of postmolar patients with L&P serum hCG levels and may decrease the development of postmolar GTN in this population.	Vitamin A	35-40	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	139-142
32365517-2	2020	ROL circulates bound to the plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP4) as RBP4-ROL.	Vitamin A	35-42	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	69-73
32365517-7	2020	In cell culture studies, disruption of the RBP4 binding residues on Rbpr2 almost completely abolished uptake of exogenous vitamin A.	Vitamin A	122-131	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	43-47
32365517-10	2020	In conclusion, zebrafish Rbpr2 contains a putative extracellular RBP4-ROL ligand-binding domain, critical for yolk vitamin A transport to the eye for ocular retinoid production and homeostasis, for photoreceptor cell survival.	Vitamin A	115-124	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	65-69
32330185-6	2020	Regulation of IL-18 by vitamin A was also observed in a dietary model of vitamin A supplementation.	Vitamin A	73-82	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	14-19
32330185-0	2020	Epithelium intrinsic vitamin A signaling co-ordinates pathogen clearance in the gut via IL-18.	Vitamin A	21-30	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	88-93
32330185-6	2020	Regulation of IL-18 by vitamin A was also observed in a dietary model of vitamin A supplementation.	Vitamin A	23-32	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	14-19
32466661-6	2020	Unexpectedly, recent investigations have demonstrated that RBP2 binds long-chain 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs), including the canonical endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, with very high affinity, equivalent to that of retinol binding.	Vitamin A	222-229	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	59-63
32466661-7	2020	Crystallographic studies establish that 2-MAGs bind to a site within RBP2 that fully overlaps with the retinol binding site.	Vitamin A	103-110	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	69-73
32006103-1	2020	Keratinocytes take up serum-derived retinol (vitamin A) and metabolize it to all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), which binds to the nuclear retinoic acid receptor (RAR).	Vitamin A	36-43	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	136-158
32006103-1	2020	Keratinocytes take up serum-derived retinol (vitamin A) and metabolize it to all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), which binds to the nuclear retinoic acid receptor (RAR).	Vitamin A	36-43	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	160-163
32006103-1	2020	Keratinocytes take up serum-derived retinol (vitamin A) and metabolize it to all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), which binds to the nuclear retinoic acid receptor (RAR).	Vitamin A	45-54	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	136-158
32006103-1	2020	Keratinocytes take up serum-derived retinol (vitamin A) and metabolize it to all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), which binds to the nuclear retinoic acid receptor (RAR).	Vitamin A	45-54	retinoic acid receptor, alpha	Mus musculus	160-163
32095874-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a member of the lipocalin family and a vitamin A carrier in the blood.	Vitamin A	86-95	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	11-36
32095874-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a member of the lipocalin family and a vitamin A carrier in the blood.	Vitamin A	86-95	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	38-42
32330185-9	2020	Our work uncovers a critical role for vitamin A in coordinating a biphasic immune response to Salmonella infection by regulating IL-18 production by IECs.	Vitamin A	38-47	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	129-134
32296441-5	2020	We show that Dectin-1 expression is enhanced by the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid and our data suggests that Dectin-1 triggering might provide a switch to induce a rapid production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.	Vitamin A	52-61	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	13-21
32296441-5	2020	We show that Dectin-1 expression is enhanced by the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid and our data suggests that Dectin-1 triggering might provide a switch to induce a rapid production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.	Vitamin A	52-61	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	114-122
32197355-1	2020	Transthyretin (TTR), an homotetrameric protein mainly synthesized by the liver and the choroid plexus, and secreted into the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid, respectively, has been specially acknowledged for its functions as a transporter protein of thyroxine and retinol (the latter through binding to the retinol-binding protein), in these fluids.	Vitamin A	266-273	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
32197355-1	2020	Transthyretin (TTR), an homotetrameric protein mainly synthesized by the liver and the choroid plexus, and secreted into the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid, respectively, has been specially acknowledged for its functions as a transporter protein of thyroxine and retinol (the latter through binding to the retinol-binding protein), in these fluids.	Vitamin A	266-273	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
32195347-5	2020	Rather, RBP2 is a previously unidentified monoacylglycerol (MAG)-binding protein, interacting with the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and other MAGs with affinities comparable to retinol.	Vitamin A	194-201	retinol binding protein 2, cellular	Mus musculus	8-12
31756375-1	2020	Retinol binding protein IV (RBP) functions as the principal carrier of retinol (Vitamin A) in the blood, where RBP circulates bound to another serum protein, transthyretin.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	28-31
32296441-7	2020	Together, our data suggests that presence of vitamin A in the small intestine enhances an anti-inflammatory phenotype as well as Dectin-1 expression by macrophages and that this anti-inflammatory phenotype can rapidly convert toward a pro-inflammatory state upon Dectin-1 signaling.	Vitamin A	45-54	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	129-137
32296441-7	2020	Together, our data suggests that presence of vitamin A in the small intestine enhances an anti-inflammatory phenotype as well as Dectin-1 expression by macrophages and that this anti-inflammatory phenotype can rapidly convert toward a pro-inflammatory state upon Dectin-1 signaling.	Vitamin A	45-54	C-type lectin domain containing 7A	Homo sapiens	263-271
31756375-1	2020	Retinol binding protein IV (RBP) functions as the principal carrier of retinol (Vitamin A) in the blood, where RBP circulates bound to another serum protein, transthyretin.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	111-114
31756375-1	2020	Retinol binding protein IV (RBP) functions as the principal carrier of retinol (Vitamin A) in the blood, where RBP circulates bound to another serum protein, transthyretin.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	28-31
31756375-1	2020	Retinol binding protein IV (RBP) functions as the principal carrier of retinol (Vitamin A) in the blood, where RBP circulates bound to another serum protein, transthyretin.	Vitamin A	71-78	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	111-114
32016357-2	2020	Although we previously reported that vitamin A-deficient (VAD) rats had increased urine Pi excretion through the decreased renal expression of Npt2a and Npt2c, the effect of vitamin A on the intestinal Npt2b expression remains unclear.	Vitamin A	174-183	solute carrier family 34 (sodium phosphate), member 2	Mus musculus	202-207
32328260-4	2020	Our results demonstrated that LPS treatment caused reductions of the mRNA levels of tight junction proteins including Zo-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1, well-known biomarkers of intestinal integrity, and these reductions were reversed by VA pretreatment.	Vitamin A	234-236	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	118-122
32328260-4	2020	Our results demonstrated that LPS treatment caused reductions of the mRNA levels of tight junction proteins including Zo-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1, well-known biomarkers of intestinal integrity, and these reductions were reversed by VA pretreatment.	Vitamin A	234-236	occludin	Mus musculus	124-132
32328260-4	2020	Our results demonstrated that LPS treatment caused reductions of the mRNA levels of tight junction proteins including Zo-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1, well-known biomarkers of intestinal integrity, and these reductions were reversed by VA pretreatment.	Vitamin A	234-236	claudin 1	Mus musculus	138-147
32328260-5	2020	Intestinal immunofluorescent results of Claudin-1 revealed that LPS disrupted the structure of tight junction and reduced the expression of Claudin-1 at protein level, which was reversed by VA pretreatment.	Vitamin A	190-192	claudin 1	Mus musculus	40-49
32328260-5	2020	Intestinal immunofluorescent results of Claudin-1 revealed that LPS disrupted the structure of tight junction and reduced the expression of Claudin-1 at protein level, which was reversed by VA pretreatment.	Vitamin A	190-192	claudin 1	Mus musculus	140-149
31837823-3	2020	Here, we have prepared a collagenase I and retinol co-decorated polymeric micelle that possess nanodrill-like and HSCs-target function based on poly-(lactic-co-glycolic)-b-poly (ethylene glycol)-maleimide (PLGA-PEG-Mal) (named CRM) for liver fibrosis therapy.	Vitamin A	43-50	cream	Mus musculus	227-230
32027669-7	2020	Assess mice lacking Lrat and Rbp4 (DKO mice) that severely limits retinol supply to embryos.	Vitamin A	66-73	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	20-24
32027669-7	2020	Assess mice lacking Lrat and Rbp4 (DKO mice) that severely limits retinol supply to embryos.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	29-33
31504085-8	2019	RESULTS: In women, higher dietary vitamin intake [vitamin A, beta-carotene, folic acid, vitamin C (VC), vitamin D, and vitamin E] was significantly associated with lower mean ABCA1 DNA methylation levels (P = 0.004, 0.03, 0.005, 0.001, 0.03, and 0.04, respectively).	Vitamin A	50-59	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	175-180
31595490-2	2020	RPE65-catalyzed synthesis of 11-cis-retinol from all-trans-retinyl esters in the visual cycle is negatively regulated, through a heretofore unknown mechanism, by the fatty acid transport protein FATP4, mutations in which are associated with ichthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS).	Vitamin A	29-43	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	0-5
31595490-2	2020	RPE65-catalyzed synthesis of 11-cis-retinol from all-trans-retinyl esters in the visual cycle is negatively regulated, through a heretofore unknown mechanism, by the fatty acid transport protein FATP4, mutations in which are associated with ichthyosis prematurity syndrome (IPS).	Vitamin A	29-43	solute carrier family 27 member 4	Homo sapiens	195-200
32350151-0	2020	The influence of retinol concentration in liquid crystal formula on epidermal growth factor, interleukin-6 and transglutaminase-1 mRNA expression in the epidermis.	Vitamin A	17-24	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	93-106
32350151-0	2020	The influence of retinol concentration in liquid crystal formula on epidermal growth factor, interleukin-6 and transglutaminase-1 mRNA expression in the epidermis.	Vitamin A	17-24	transglutaminase 1	Homo sapiens	111-129
32350151-13	2020	Interestingly, TGM1 expression was found to increase together with increasing retinol concentration (0.15%, 0.3%, 0.5%).	Vitamin A	78-85	transglutaminase 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
32350151-16	2020	In addition, EGF expression was found to correlate significantly with the retinol concentration of the liquid crystal formula: 0.5% > 0.3% > 0.15% (P < 0.05).	Vitamin A	74-81	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	13-16
32089684-3	2020	All-trans retinoic acid (atRA, the active form of vitamin A) inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs through its receptor RARG.	Vitamin A	50-59	retinoic acid receptor gamma	Homo sapiens	131-135
33390393-2	2020	The aims of this study were (i) to determine whether different metabolic profiles of B-vitamins and vitamin A in Brazilian children and adolescents were positively or negatively related to homocysteine and omega-3 fatty acids using k-means clustering analysis, (ii) compare nutrient intakes and metabolites between the different metabolic profiles, (iii) evaluate if the statistically significant metabolites found between the metabolic groups, can predict the variation of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) levels, a biomarker of low-grade inflammation, in the total studied population.	Vitamin A	100-109	leukotriene A4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens	474-498
33390393-2	2020	The aims of this study were (i) to determine whether different metabolic profiles of B-vitamins and vitamin A in Brazilian children and adolescents were positively or negatively related to homocysteine and omega-3 fatty acids using k-means clustering analysis, (ii) compare nutrient intakes and metabolites between the different metabolic profiles, (iii) evaluate if the statistically significant metabolites found between the metabolic groups, can predict the variation of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) levels, a biomarker of low-grade inflammation, in the total studied population.	Vitamin A	100-109	leukotriene A4 hydrolase	Homo sapiens	500-505
32359660-4	2020	An isolated clonal line of HEK293T cells that was permanently transfected with the promoter driving the expression of RFP responded to both at-RA and retinol, and the responses could be measured by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.	Vitamin A	150-157	tripartite motif containing 27	Homo sapiens	118-121
32359661-5	2020	RDH10 is one enzyme responsible for the oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinaldehyde, and together with the all-trans-retinaldehyde reductase DHRS3 forms an oligomeric protein complex.	Vitamin A	53-70	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	0-5
32359661-5	2020	RDH10 is one enzyme responsible for the oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinaldehyde, and together with the all-trans-retinaldehyde reductase DHRS3 forms an oligomeric protein complex.	Vitamin A	53-70	dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Homo sapiens	155-160
32359662-1	2020	STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6) is a 75kDa polytopic transmembrane protein that facilitates cellular retinol uptake from retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	107-114	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Danio rerio	0-5
32359662-1	2020	STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6) is a 75kDa polytopic transmembrane protein that facilitates cellular retinol uptake from retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	107-114	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	127-150
32359662-1	2020	STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6) is a 75kDa polytopic transmembrane protein that facilitates cellular retinol uptake from retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	107-114	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	152-155
32359662-4	2020	Specifically, a large hydrophobic cavity in the center of STRA6 linked to the known site of interaction with RBP suggested a route of retinol entry into the cell by diffusion into the membrane through a lateral opening of the cavity directly into the bilayer.	Vitamin A	134-141	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Danio rerio	58-63
32359662-4	2020	Specifically, a large hydrophobic cavity in the center of STRA6 linked to the known site of interaction with RBP suggested a route of retinol entry into the cell by diffusion into the membrane through a lateral opening of the cavity directly into the bilayer.	Vitamin A	134-141	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	109-112
32359662-7	2020	Furthermore, we show reconstitution of the protein in liposomes for an in vitro proteoliposome-based assay of STRA6-mediated retinol uptake.	Vitamin A	125-132	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Danio rerio	110-115
32961447-5	2020	The effects of vitamin A on the expression of FGF23 are controversial.	Vitamin A	15-24	fibroblast growth factor 23	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
32961447-7	2020	The aim of this study was to clarify whether vitamin A modulates the production of FGF23.	Vitamin A	45-54	fibroblast growth factor 23	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
32961447-8	2020	METHODS: We studied the relevance of vitamin A for FGF23 production.	Vitamin A	37-46	fibroblast growth factor 23	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
32961447-13	2020	CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that vitamin A is a potent suppressor of FGF23 production through RAR.	Vitamin A	48-57	fibroblast growth factor 23	Mus musculus	84-89
31862954-3	2019	Here, we analyzed whether FXR regulates vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	40-49	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	26-29
31862954-4	2019	Compared to control animals, FXR-null mice showed strongly reduced (>90%) hepatic levels of retinol and retinyl palmitate and a significant reduction in lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), the enzyme responsible for hepatic vitamin A storage.	Vitamin A	92-99	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	29-32
31862954-4	2019	Compared to control animals, FXR-null mice showed strongly reduced (>90%) hepatic levels of retinol and retinyl palmitate and a significant reduction in lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), the enzyme responsible for hepatic vitamin A storage.	Vitamin A	229-238	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	29-32
31862954-4	2019	Compared to control animals, FXR-null mice showed strongly reduced (>90%) hepatic levels of retinol and retinyl palmitate and a significant reduction in lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), the enzyme responsible for hepatic vitamin A storage.	Vitamin A	229-238	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	153-185
31862954-4	2019	Compared to control animals, FXR-null mice showed strongly reduced (>90%) hepatic levels of retinol and retinyl palmitate and a significant reduction in lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), the enzyme responsible for hepatic vitamin A storage.	Vitamin A	229-238	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	187-191
31862954-5	2019	Hepatic reintroduction of FXR in FXR-null mice induced vitamin A storage in the liver.	Vitamin A	55-64	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	26-29
31862954-5	2019	Hepatic reintroduction of FXR in FXR-null mice induced vitamin A storage in the liver.	Vitamin A	55-64	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	33-36
31862954-10	2019	In conclusion, vitamin A metabolism in the mouse liver heavily depends on the FXR and FXR-targeted therapies may be prone to cause vitamin A-related pathologies.	Vitamin A	15-24	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	78-81
31862954-10	2019	In conclusion, vitamin A metabolism in the mouse liver heavily depends on the FXR and FXR-targeted therapies may be prone to cause vitamin A-related pathologies.	Vitamin A	15-24	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	86-89
31862954-10	2019	In conclusion, vitamin A metabolism in the mouse liver heavily depends on the FXR and FXR-targeted therapies may be prone to cause vitamin A-related pathologies.	Vitamin A	131-140	nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 4	Mus musculus	86-89
31740596-4	2019	We find that Galnt11-deficient mice display low-molecular-weight proteinuria and have specific defects in proximal tubule-mediated resorption of vitamin D binding protein, alpha1-microglobulin, and retinol binding protein.	Vitamin A	198-205	polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 11	Mus musculus	13-20
32194732-11	2020	Furthermore, ADH7 and CYP26B1 were enriched in the retinoic acid metabolic process and the retinol metabolism pathway.	Vitamin A	91-98	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	13-17
32194732-11	2020	Furthermore, ADH7 and CYP26B1 were enriched in the retinoic acid metabolic process and the retinol metabolism pathway.	Vitamin A	91-98	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	22-29
31891208-1	2020	SCOPE: beta-Cryptoxanthin (BCX) can be cleaved by both beta-carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) and beta-carotene 9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2), generating biological active vitamin A and apocarotenoids.	Vitamin A	165-174	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	87-91
31891208-1	2020	SCOPE: beta-Cryptoxanthin (BCX) can be cleaved by both beta-carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) and beta-carotene 9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2), generating biological active vitamin A and apocarotenoids.	Vitamin A	165-174	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Mus musculus	129-133
31978148-2	2020	Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) antagonists reduce serum retinol concentrations thus partially reducing retinol delivery to the retina which decreases bisretinoid synthesis.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol binding protein 4	Canis lupus familiaris	0-25
31978148-2	2020	Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) antagonists reduce serum retinol concentrations thus partially reducing retinol delivery to the retina which decreases bisretinoid synthesis.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol binding protein 4	Canis lupus familiaris	27-31
31978148-2	2020	Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) antagonists reduce serum retinol concentrations thus partially reducing retinol delivery to the retina which decreases bisretinoid synthesis.	Vitamin A	105-112	retinol binding protein 4	Canis lupus familiaris	0-25
31978148-2	2020	Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) antagonists reduce serum retinol concentrations thus partially reducing retinol delivery to the retina which decreases bisretinoid synthesis.	Vitamin A	105-112	retinol binding protein 4	Canis lupus familiaris	27-31
31813960-5	2020	Serum levels of retinol and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) were significantly increased in both GSD Ia patients and L-G6pc-/- mice.	Vitamin A	16-23	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
31813960-7	2020	Transcript and protein analyses indicate an enhanced production of retinol and reduced conversion the retinoic acids (unchanged LRAT, Pnpla2/ATGL and Pnpla3 up, Cyp26a1 down) in L-G6pc-/- mice.	Vitamin A	67-74	glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic	Mus musculus	180-184
31956345-0	2020	Changes of serum retinol-binding protein 4 associated with improved insulin resistance after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in Chinese obese patients.	Vitamin A	17-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
31956345-1	2020	Background: Serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) plays a critical role in insulin resistance.	Vitamin A	18-25	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	45-49
31956345-1	2020	Background: Serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) plays a critical role in insulin resistance.	Vitamin A	18-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
31956331-0	2020	Retinol and vitamin A metabolites accumulate through RBP4 and STRA6 changes in a psoriasis murine model.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	53-57
31956331-0	2020	Retinol and vitamin A metabolites accumulate through RBP4 and STRA6 changes in a psoriasis murine model.	Vitamin A	0-7	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	62-67
31956331-3	2020	Changes in psoriasis patients of the levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a carrier of retinol (vitamin A); transmembrane protein stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6); and other retinol metabolic molecules have not yet been fully established.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-78
31956331-3	2020	Changes in psoriasis patients of the levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a carrier of retinol (vitamin A); transmembrane protein stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6); and other retinol metabolic molecules have not yet been fully established.	Vitamin A	94-101	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-72
31956331-3	2020	Changes in psoriasis patients of the levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), a carrier of retinol (vitamin A); transmembrane protein stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6); and other retinol metabolic molecules have not yet been fully established.	Vitamin A	94-101	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-78
31921323-1	2020	Background: To assess the association between plasma retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels both in the first trimester and second trimester and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	80-84
33377367-8	2020	Zinc supplementation increased ex-vivo IFN-gamma production, greatest amongst boys, younger (<3.5 years), normal weight and children with low baseline retinol concentration.	Vitamin A	151-158	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	39-48
33377367-9	2020	Vitamin A supplementation increased IFN-gamma only in those with low baseline retinol, with no effect on serum IgG and salivary IgA.	Vitamin A	0-9	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	36-45
31762320-1	2020	Purpose: Transthyretin (TTR) is a protein with a growing number of biological functions in addition to its well-established binding and circulatory transport of thyroxine, and indirect retinoid transport through interaction with retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	229-236	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	9-22
31762320-1	2020	Purpose: Transthyretin (TTR) is a protein with a growing number of biological functions in addition to its well-established binding and circulatory transport of thyroxine, and indirect retinoid transport through interaction with retinol-binding protein.	Vitamin A	229-236	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	24-27
32115448-3	2020	Under the optimum conditions, the relative CL intensity was linear to the concentration of retinol over the range 5.0x10-3-14 mg L-1 (y=347.26x+2.5944, R2=0.9999, n=8) with limit of detection (LOD) of 1.5x10-3 mg L-1 (S/N=3) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5.0x10-3 mg L-1 (S/N=10).	Vitamin A	91-98	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	129-132
32115448-3	2020	Under the optimum conditions, the relative CL intensity was linear to the concentration of retinol over the range 5.0x10-3-14 mg L-1 (y=347.26x+2.5944, R2=0.9999, n=8) with limit of detection (LOD) of 1.5x10-3 mg L-1 (S/N=3) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5.0x10-3 mg L-1 (S/N=10).	Vitamin A	91-98	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	213-216
32115448-3	2020	Under the optimum conditions, the relative CL intensity was linear to the concentration of retinol over the range 5.0x10-3-14 mg L-1 (y=347.26x+2.5944, R2=0.9999, n=8) with limit of detection (LOD) of 1.5x10-3 mg L-1 (S/N=3) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 5.0x10-3 mg L-1 (S/N=10).	Vitamin A	91-98	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	213-216
31861818-9	2019	The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge of the metabolic changes that occur during HSC activation with a particular focus on the retinol and lipid metabolism, the central carbon metabolism, and associated redox or stress-related signaling pathways.	Vitamin A	146-153	fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group)	Homo sapiens	100-103
31504095-11	2019	In mixed models, CRP was associated with ferritin (positive) and serum iron and retinol (negative, P &lt; 0.05).	Vitamin A	80-87	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	17-20
31081127-4	2019	Circulating retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations highly correlate with retinol levels.	Vitamin A	12-19	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	37-40
31081127-10	2019	CONCLUSION: Our results revealed that low serum RBP as a relatively cheap biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity is a reliable indicator of vitamin A (retinol) deficiency that may play a role in the pathogenesis of recalcitrant cutaneous warts among our studied patients.	Vitamin A	149-158	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	48-51
31081127-10	2019	CONCLUSION: Our results revealed that low serum RBP as a relatively cheap biomarker with high specificity and sensitivity is a reliable indicator of vitamin A (retinol) deficiency that may play a role in the pathogenesis of recalcitrant cutaneous warts among our studied patients.	Vitamin A	160-167	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	48-51
31087788-14	2019	miR-455-5p overexpression downregulates STRA6, leading to reduced retinol concentration and rat lung alveolar Type II cell proliferation.	Vitamin A	66-73	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
31433574-6	2019	Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the top five significantly overrepresented pathways were metabolic pathways, chemical carcinogenesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, retinol metabolism and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450.	Vitamin A	203-210	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	255-270
31199585-0	2019	Pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 is responsible for the increased hepatic retinyl ester hydrolase activity in vitamin A-deficient mice.	Vitamin A	113-122	pancreatic lipase-related protein 2	Mus musculus	0-35
31199585-7	2019	Plrp2-/- mice showed higher residual RE content in liver and lower serum retinol level, compared with WT mice fed VAD.	Vitamin A	73-80	pancreatic lipase-related protein 2	Mus musculus	0-5
31365038-3	2019	Epidemiologic data on vitamin A intake and risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are limited.	Vitamin A	22-31	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	86-89
31365038-4	2019	Objective: To examine whether vitamin A intake is associated with a reduction in SCC risk.	Vitamin A	30-39	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	81-84
31365038-17	2019	Conclusions and Relevance: This study suggests that increased intake of dietary vitamin A is associated with decreased risk of incident SCC.	Vitamin A	80-89	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	136-139
31365038-18	2019	Future studies are needed to determine whether vitamin A supplementation has a role in chemoprevention of SCC.	Vitamin A	47-56	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	106-109
31717719-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) carries retinol in plasma, but is also considered an adipokine, as it is implicated in insulin resistance in mice.	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	12-37
31717719-1	2019	BACKGROUND: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) carries retinol in plasma, but is also considered an adipokine, as it is implicated in insulin resistance in mice.	Vitamin A	53-60	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	39-43
31565748-11	2019	However, MPO was associated with a lower risk of high transferrin receptor [0.86 (0.74, 0.98)], NEO with a lower risk of low retinol [0.75 (0.62, 0.89)], and AAT with a lower risk of low plasma zinc [0.83 (0.70, 0.99)].	Vitamin A	125-132	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	9-12
30875027-2	2019	While fasting, the vitamin A alcohol form (Retinol) from storage in the liver is mobilized and transported through the bloodstream while bound to retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	19-36	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	146-169
30875027-2	2019	While fasting, the vitamin A alcohol form (Retinol) from storage in the liver is mobilized and transported through the bloodstream while bound to retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	19-36	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	171-174
30875027-2	2019	While fasting, the vitamin A alcohol form (Retinol) from storage in the liver is mobilized and transported through the bloodstream while bound to retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	43-50	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	146-169
30875027-2	2019	While fasting, the vitamin A alcohol form (Retinol) from storage in the liver is mobilized and transported through the bloodstream while bound to retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	43-50	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	171-174
30875027-3	2019	Details of how exactly vitamin A is released from RBP and taken into the cells are still unclear.	Vitamin A	23-32	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	50-53
30473441-6	2019	RESULTS: Fixed effect analysis of the WMD (95% CI) of the changes in gene expression showed that gene expression of the inflammatory (IL-17, IFN-gamma and T-bet) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-beta and FOXP3) cytokines significantly decreased and increased due to vitamin A supplementation in patients with autoimmune (Multiple sclerosis and atherosclerosis) diseases.	Vitamin A	260-269	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	134-139
30473441-6	2019	RESULTS: Fixed effect analysis of the WMD (95% CI) of the changes in gene expression showed that gene expression of the inflammatory (IL-17, IFN-gamma and T-bet) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-beta and FOXP3) cytokines significantly decreased and increased due to vitamin A supplementation in patients with autoimmune (Multiple sclerosis and atherosclerosis) diseases.	Vitamin A	260-269	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	141-150
30473441-6	2019	RESULTS: Fixed effect analysis of the WMD (95% CI) of the changes in gene expression showed that gene expression of the inflammatory (IL-17, IFN-gamma and T-bet) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-beta and FOXP3) cytokines significantly decreased and increased due to vitamin A supplementation in patients with autoimmune (Multiple sclerosis and atherosclerosis) diseases.	Vitamin A	260-269	T-box transcription factor 21	Homo sapiens	155-160
31343737-1	2019	Retinoid acid receptors (RAR) are transcription factors that bind retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	102-111	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	25-28
31394504-1	2019	Retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of Vitamin A, and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP-4) pathways control the transcription of Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the precursor of ACTH.	Vitamin A	44-53	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	134-153
31394504-1	2019	Retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of Vitamin A, and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP-4) pathways control the transcription of Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the precursor of ACTH.	Vitamin A	44-53	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	155-159
31394504-1	2019	Retinoic acid (RA), an active metabolite of Vitamin A, and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (BMP-4) pathways control the transcription of Proopiomelanocortin (POMC), the precursor of ACTH.	Vitamin A	44-53	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	179-183
30974109-1	2019	We previously demonstrated that the most bioactive vitamin A metabolite, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), increased T helper 2-associated responses induced in pigs by infection with the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum We also showed that ATRA potentiated the mRNA expression of several IL-4 induced chemokines (chemokine (CC motif) ligand 11 [(CCL11), CCL17, CCL22 and CCL26] associated with alternative activation (M2a) in porcine macrophages in vitro.	Vitamin A	51-60	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	285-289
31697447-6	2019	Vitamin A modulates activities at the cellular level and, via its interrelationship with hormones such as thyroid, insulin, and corticosteroids, has diffuse metabolic effects on the body.	Vitamin A	0-9	insulin	Homo sapiens	115-122
31397996-12	2019	This disease is characterized by a mutation in the gene encoding TTR, a serum protein that transports retinol in circulation following secretion by the liver.	Vitamin A	102-109	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	65-68
31484771-0	2019	Molecular basis for retinol binding by serum amyloid A during infection.	Vitamin A	20-27	serum amyloid A cluster	Mus musculus	39-54
31484771-2	2019	In infected mice, SAA proteins circulate in association with the vitamin A derivative retinol, suggesting that SAAs transport retinol during infection.	Vitamin A	65-74	serum amyloid A cluster	Mus musculus	18-21
31484771-2	2019	In infected mice, SAA proteins circulate in association with the vitamin A derivative retinol, suggesting that SAAs transport retinol during infection.	Vitamin A	86-93	serum amyloid A cluster	Mus musculus	18-21
31484771-2	2019	In infected mice, SAA proteins circulate in association with the vitamin A derivative retinol, suggesting that SAAs transport retinol during infection.	Vitamin A	126-133	serum amyloid A cluster	Mus musculus	18-21
31484771-3	2019	Here we illuminate a structural basis for the retinol-SAA interaction.	Vitamin A	46-53	serum amyloid A cluster	Mus musculus	54-57
31484771-6	2019	We then determined the crystal structure of retinol-bound mouse SAA3 at a resolution of 2.2 A.	Vitamin A	44-51	serum amyloid A 3	Mus musculus	64-68
31484771-7	2019	Retinol-bound SAA3 formed a novel asymmetric trimeric assembly that was generated by the hydrophobic packing of the conserved amphipathic helices alpha1 and alpha3.	Vitamin A	0-7	serum amyloid A 3	Mus musculus	14-18
31484771-9	2019	Together, these findings illuminate the molecular basis for retinol transport by SAA proteins during infection.	Vitamin A	60-67	serum amyloid A cluster	Mus musculus	81-84
31484452-8	2019	The KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) annotation of the differentially expressed genes indicated that main pathways affected were pentose and glucuronide interactions, starch and sucrose metabolism, retinol metabolism and PPAR signaling.	Vitamin A	212-219	PPARA	Oryctolagus cuniculus	235-239
31150775-3	2019	Adipose triglyceride lipase/patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (ATGL/PNPLA2) and adiponutrin (ADPN/PNPLA3) have so far been shown to mobilize retinol from retinyl esters in HSC.	Vitamin A	162-169	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 2	Rattus norvegicus	89-95
31150775-3	2019	Adipose triglyceride lipase/patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (ATGL/PNPLA2) and adiponutrin (ADPN/PNPLA3) have so far been shown to mobilize retinol from retinyl esters in HSC.	Vitamin A	162-169	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	101-112
31150775-3	2019	Adipose triglyceride lipase/patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (ATGL/PNPLA2) and adiponutrin (ADPN/PNPLA3) have so far been shown to mobilize retinol from retinyl esters in HSC.	Vitamin A	162-169	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
31150775-3	2019	Adipose triglyceride lipase/patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (ATGL/PNPLA2) and adiponutrin (ADPN/PNPLA3) have so far been shown to mobilize retinol from retinyl esters in HSC.	Vitamin A	162-169	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	119-125
31150775-10	2019	HSL is mostly phosphorylated/activated in qHSC and partly colocalizes with vitamin A-containing lipid droplets.	Vitamin A	75-84	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
31150775-13	2019	In conclusion, HSL participates in vitamin A metabolism in qHSC.	Vitamin A	35-44	lipase E, hormone sensitive type	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
31150775-14	2019	Equivalent activities of ATGL and ADPN provide the healthy liver with multiple routes to control circulating retinol levels.	Vitamin A	109-116	patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
30698921-2	2019	Retinol in blood is bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	29-52
31934208-6	2019	18 pathways including steroid, porphyrin, arachidonic acid, and retinol metabolism, as well as the functions associated with angiogenesis, inflammatory response, and cell adhesion were involved in the differentially expressed genes of A431 cells with TCF4 silencing.	Vitamin A	64-71	transcription factor 7 like 2	Homo sapiens	251-255
31056772-4	2019	The expression of Adh1 and Aldh1a2 (alcohol dehydrogenase), two enzymes that convert retinol to retinoic acid in this pathway, were decreased at both the gene and protein levels.	Vitamin A	85-92	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
31056772-4	2019	The expression of Adh1 and Aldh1a2 (alcohol dehydrogenase), two enzymes that convert retinol to retinoic acid in this pathway, were decreased at both the gene and protein levels.	Vitamin A	85-92	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A2	Rattus norvegicus	27-34
31056772-4	2019	The expression of Adh1 and Aldh1a2 (alcohol dehydrogenase), two enzymes that convert retinol to retinoic acid in this pathway, were decreased at both the gene and protein levels.	Vitamin A	85-92	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	36-57
31212314-1	2019	BACKGROUND: beta-Cryptoxanthin (BCX), a provitamin A carotenoid shown to protect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), can be cleaved by beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) to generate vitamin A, and by beta-carotene-9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2) to produce bioactive apo-carotenoids.	Vitamin A	43-52	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	181-185
31212314-1	2019	BACKGROUND: beta-Cryptoxanthin (BCX), a provitamin A carotenoid shown to protect against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), can be cleaved by beta-carotene-15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) to generate vitamin A, and by beta-carotene-9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2) to produce bioactive apo-carotenoids.	Vitamin A	43-52	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Mus musculus	249-253
31598160-1	2019	RBP7 is a member of the cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) family and previous data suggested a link between CRBPs and the malignant transformation of colon cancer cells.	Vitamin A	33-40	retinol binding protein 7	Homo sapiens	0-4
31412686-1	2019	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), mainly secreted by the liver and adipocytes, is a transporter of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	99-108	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
31412686-1	2019	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), mainly secreted by the liver and adipocytes, is a transporter of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	99-108	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
29704879-8	2019	In addition, retinol reversed the epinephrine-induced increase in c-JUN protein expression, but it did not alter extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) phosphorylation in ex vivo human skin.	Vitamin A	13-20	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	66-71
29704879-9	2019	Conditioned medium of ex vivo retinol-treated and non-stressed human skin presented an increased protein expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF).	Vitamin A	30-37	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	119-142
29704879-9	2019	Conditioned medium of ex vivo retinol-treated and non-stressed human skin presented an increased protein expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF).	Vitamin A	30-37	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	144-147
29704879-10	2019	In human dermal fibroblasts, conditioned medium of ex vivo retinol-treated and non-stressed human skin increased protein and gene expression of fibrillin-1 and protein expression of EGF receptor (EGFR).	Vitamin A	59-66	fibrillin 1	Homo sapiens	144-155
29704879-10	2019	In human dermal fibroblasts, conditioned medium of ex vivo retinol-treated and non-stressed human skin increased protein and gene expression of fibrillin-1 and protein expression of EGF receptor (EGFR).	Vitamin A	59-66	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	182-194
29704879-10	2019	In human dermal fibroblasts, conditioned medium of ex vivo retinol-treated and non-stressed human skin increased protein and gene expression of fibrillin-1 and protein expression of EGF receptor (EGFR).	Vitamin A	59-66	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	196-200
29704879-11	2019	In conclusion, topical retinol attenuates stress-induced skin ageing signs in human skin ex vivo, probably through EGFR activation via EGF, but not by the stress-activated ERK 1/2 and c-JUN pathways.	Vitamin A	23-30	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	115-119
29704879-11	2019	In conclusion, topical retinol attenuates stress-induced skin ageing signs in human skin ex vivo, probably through EGFR activation via EGF, but not by the stress-activated ERK 1/2 and c-JUN pathways.	Vitamin A	23-30	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	115-118
31125456-4	2019	Further, we demonstrate that the expression of CAII and CAIX in these cells is significantly up-regulated by the biologically active metabolites of vitamin A (all-trans retinoic acid) and vitamin D (1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ), respectively.	Vitamin A	148-157	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	47-51
31125456-4	2019	Further, we demonstrate that the expression of CAII and CAIX in these cells is significantly up-regulated by the biologically active metabolites of vitamin A (all-trans retinoic acid) and vitamin D (1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ), respectively.	Vitamin A	148-157	carbonic anhydrase 9	Homo sapiens	56-60
31125456-5	2019	Taken together, apart from providing new information on the expression of CAs in the skin, our results highlight a previously undisclosed connection between vitamin A and CAII expression and vitamin D and CAIX expression.	Vitamin A	157-166	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	171-175
31375010-3	2019	Several common naturally occurring variants modulating lipid and retinol metabolism in hepatocytes predispose to NAFLD development and progression, in particular those in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7, and HSD17B13.	Vitamin A	65-72	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	171-177
31375010-3	2019	Several common naturally occurring variants modulating lipid and retinol metabolism in hepatocytes predispose to NAFLD development and progression, in particular those in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7, and HSD17B13.	Vitamin A	65-72	transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2	Homo sapiens	179-185
31375010-3	2019	Several common naturally occurring variants modulating lipid and retinol metabolism in hepatocytes predispose to NAFLD development and progression, in particular those in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7, and HSD17B13.	Vitamin A	65-72	membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7	Homo sapiens	187-193
31375010-3	2019	Several common naturally occurring variants modulating lipid and retinol metabolism in hepatocytes predispose to NAFLD development and progression, in particular those in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7, and HSD17B13.	Vitamin A	65-72	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 13	Homo sapiens	199-207
30830694-0	2019	Retinol/inflammation affect stemness and differentiation potential of gingival stem/progenitor cells via Wnt/beta-catenin.	Vitamin A	0-7	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	109-121
30830694-15	2019	CONCLUSION: Controlled short-term inflammatory/retinol stimuli activate the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, affecting G-MSCs" pluripotency, proliferation, and differentiation.	Vitamin A	47-54	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	80-92
30698921-2	2019	Retinol in blood is bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	54-57
30698921-3	2019	Retinal pigment epithelia (RPE) cells express the RBP receptor, STRA6, that facilitates uptake of retinol.	Vitamin A	98-105	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	64-69
30698921-5	2019	The esters are the substrate for RPE65, an enzyme that produces 11-cis retinol, which is converted to 11-cis retinaldehyde for transport to the photoreceptors to form rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	64-78	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	33-38
30698921-5	2019	The esters are the substrate for RPE65, an enzyme that produces 11-cis retinol, which is converted to 11-cis retinaldehyde for transport to the photoreceptors to form rhodopsin.	Vitamin A	64-78	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	167-176
31358790-1	2019	We have studied the intrinsic fluorescence spectra of a monomeric variant of human transthyretin (M-TTR), a protein involved in the transport of the thyroid hormone and retinol and associated with various forms of amyloidosis, extending our analysis to the second order derivative of the spectra.	Vitamin A	169-176	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	83-96
31358790-1	2019	We have studied the intrinsic fluorescence spectra of a monomeric variant of human transthyretin (M-TTR), a protein involved in the transport of the thyroid hormone and retinol and associated with various forms of amyloidosis, extending our analysis to the second order derivative of the spectra.	Vitamin A	169-176	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	100-103
31167781-0	2019	The retinoic acid hydroxylase Cyp26a1 has minor effects on postnatal vitamin A homeostasis, but is required for exogenous atRA clearance.	Vitamin A	69-78	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	30-37
31320612-7	2019	In samples from human NTDs with high levels of retinol, downregulation of BMP target genes was observed, along with aberrant FBXO30 levels.	Vitamin A	47-54	bone morphogenetic protein 1	Homo sapiens	74-77
31320612-7	2019	In samples from human NTDs with high levels of retinol, downregulation of BMP target genes was observed, along with aberrant FBXO30 levels.	Vitamin A	47-54	F-box protein 30	Homo sapiens	125-131
31320612-9	2019	Furthermore, we suggest a novel mechanism by which high-retinol levels affect the level of FBXO30, which antagonizes BMP signaling during early stage development.	Vitamin A	56-63	F-box protein 30	Homo sapiens	91-97
31320612-9	2019	Furthermore, we suggest a novel mechanism by which high-retinol levels affect the level of FBXO30, which antagonizes BMP signaling during early stage development.	Vitamin A	56-63	bone morphogenetic protein 1	Homo sapiens	117-120
31231034-3	2019	Gata6 expression is maintained in a non-cell autonomous manner and is elicited by the vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid.	Vitamin A	86-95	GATA binding protein 6	Homo sapiens	0-5
31231034-5	2019	Retinoic acid-dependent and -independent hallmark genes of GATA6+ macrophages were induced by mesothelial and fibroblastic stromal cells that express the transcription factor Wilms" Tumor 1 (WT1), which drives the expression of two rate-limiting enzymes in retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	257-264	GATA binding protein 6	Homo sapiens	59-64
31231034-5	2019	Retinoic acid-dependent and -independent hallmark genes of GATA6+ macrophages were induced by mesothelial and fibroblastic stromal cells that express the transcription factor Wilms" Tumor 1 (WT1), which drives the expression of two rate-limiting enzymes in retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	257-264	WT1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	175-189
31231034-5	2019	Retinoic acid-dependent and -independent hallmark genes of GATA6+ macrophages were induced by mesothelial and fibroblastic stromal cells that express the transcription factor Wilms" Tumor 1 (WT1), which drives the expression of two rate-limiting enzymes in retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	257-264	WT1 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	191-194
31039331-5	2019	An isolated clonal line of HEK293T cells permanently transfected with the promoter driving the expression of RFP responded to both RA and retinol, and the responses could be measured by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.	Vitamin A	138-145	tripartite motif containing 27	Homo sapiens	109-112
31273085-1	2019	Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of retinol (vitamin A), functions as a ligand for nuclear RA receptors (RARs) that regulate development of chordate animals.	Vitamin A	36-43	arginyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	91-103
31273085-1	2019	Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of retinol (vitamin A), functions as a ligand for nuclear RA receptors (RARs) that regulate development of chordate animals.	Vitamin A	36-43	arginyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
31273085-1	2019	Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of retinol (vitamin A), functions as a ligand for nuclear RA receptors (RARs) that regulate development of chordate animals.	Vitamin A	45-54	arginyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	91-103
31273085-1	2019	Retinoic acid (RA), a metabolite of retinol (vitamin A), functions as a ligand for nuclear RA receptors (RARs) that regulate development of chordate animals.	Vitamin A	45-54	arginyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
30740639-8	2019	However, patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and decreased concentrations of both elastase-1 and chymotrypsin had lower albumin, phosphorus, and vitamin A than patients with normal pancreatic exocrine function.	Vitamin A	149-158	chymotrypsin like elastase 1	Homo sapiens	86-96
31344387-4	2019	Postnatal factors including energy excess, folate, vitamin A, conjugated linoleic acid and leptin may also affect POMC methylation.	Vitamin A	51-60	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	114-118
31043436-2	2019	Much of the knowledge of altered retinoid homeostasis in human disease states is derived from changes in indirect markers such as mRNA expression of retinoid-related genes and circulating concentrations of retinol or its binding protein RBP4.	Vitamin A	206-213	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	237-241
31257361-0	2019	Effects of Vitamin A on Expressions of Apoptosis Genes Bax and Bcl-2 in Epithelial Cells of Corneal Tissues Induced by Benzalkonium Chloride in Mice with Dry Eye.	Vitamin A	11-20	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	55-58
31257361-0	2019	Effects of Vitamin A on Expressions of Apoptosis Genes Bax and Bcl-2 in Epithelial Cells of Corneal Tissues Induced by Benzalkonium Chloride in Mice with Dry Eye.	Vitamin A	11-20	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	63-68
31056353-3	2019	Here, we show that RGR opsin and retinol dehydrogenase-10 (Rdh10) convert all-trans-retinol to 11-cis-retinol during exposure to visible light.	Vitamin A	74-91	retinal G protein coupled receptor	Homo sapiens	19-28
31056353-3	2019	Here, we show that RGR opsin and retinol dehydrogenase-10 (Rdh10) convert all-trans-retinol to 11-cis-retinol during exposure to visible light.	Vitamin A	74-91	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	33-57
31056353-3	2019	Here, we show that RGR opsin and retinol dehydrogenase-10 (Rdh10) convert all-trans-retinol to 11-cis-retinol during exposure to visible light.	Vitamin A	74-91	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	59-64
31056353-3	2019	Here, we show that RGR opsin and retinol dehydrogenase-10 (Rdh10) convert all-trans-retinol to 11-cis-retinol during exposure to visible light.	Vitamin A	95-109	retinal G protein coupled receptor	Homo sapiens	19-28
31056353-3	2019	Here, we show that RGR opsin and retinol dehydrogenase-10 (Rdh10) convert all-trans-retinol to 11-cis-retinol during exposure to visible light.	Vitamin A	95-109	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	33-57
31056353-3	2019	Here, we show that RGR opsin and retinol dehydrogenase-10 (Rdh10) convert all-trans-retinol to 11-cis-retinol during exposure to visible light.	Vitamin A	95-109	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	59-64
31079449-1	2019	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) serves as a transporter for all- trans-retinol (1) in the blood, and it has been proposed to act as an adipokine.	Vitamin A	66-79	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-25
31079449-1	2019	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) serves as a transporter for all- trans-retinol (1) in the blood, and it has been proposed to act as an adipokine.	Vitamin A	66-79	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	27-31
31101494-3	2019	Here, we show that resistin-like molecule alpha (RELMalpha), a small secreted cysteine-rich protein, is expressed by epidermal keratinocytes and sebocytes and serves as an antimicrobial protein that is required for vitamin-A-dependent resistance to skin infection.	Vitamin A	215-224	resistin like alpha	Mus musculus	49-58
31101494-5	2019	RELMalpha expression required dietary vitamin A and was induced by the therapeutic vitamin A analog isotretinoin, which protected against skin infection in a RELMalpha-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	38-47	resistin like alpha	Mus musculus	0-9
31101494-5	2019	RELMalpha expression required dietary vitamin A and was induced by the therapeutic vitamin A analog isotretinoin, which protected against skin infection in a RELMalpha-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	83-92	resistin like alpha	Mus musculus	0-9
31101494-5	2019	RELMalpha expression required dietary vitamin A and was induced by the therapeutic vitamin A analog isotretinoin, which protected against skin infection in a RELMalpha-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	83-92	resistin like alpha	Mus musculus	158-167
31023823-7	2019	Feeding the hep-LAL-ko mice a vitamin A excess/high-fat diet (VitA/HFD) further increased hepatic cholesterol levels, but hepatic TG and RE levels in these mice were lower than in control mice.	Vitamin A	30-39	lysosomal acid lipase A	Mus musculus	16-19
31195666-3	2019	The lack of PPARgamma activation was possibly due to deficiency of vitamin A and/or a poor body condition of the animals.	Vitamin A	67-76	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Capra hircus	12-21
31195666-4	2019	Therefore, the present study hypothesized that activation of PPARgamma by 2,4-TZD in goats supplemented with adequate amounts of vitamin A can improve the response to sub-clinical mastitis.	Vitamin A	129-138	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Capra hircus	61-70
31048207-2	2019	beta-carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) is the main enzyme that catalyzes the first step in vitamin A biosynthesis from pro-vitamin A carotenoids.	Vitamin A	90-99	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-30
31048207-2	2019	beta-carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) is the main enzyme that catalyzes the first step in vitamin A biosynthesis from pro-vitamin A carotenoids.	Vitamin A	90-99	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
31221127-8	2019	The upregulated genes in the TrkB-T1 RNA high expressers also showed enrichment of pathways involved in retinol metabolism, hedgehog signaling, and the Nfe2l2 response, among other pathways.	Vitamin A	104-111	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	29-33
31221127-8	2019	The upregulated genes in the TrkB-T1 RNA high expressers also showed enrichment of pathways involved in retinol metabolism, hedgehog signaling, and the Nfe2l2 response, among other pathways.	Vitamin A	104-111	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	152-158
30488511-1	2019	In recent decades, Sri Lanka has made substantial progress in reducing the burden of micronutrient deficiencies in children by the provision of vitamin A megadose and micronutrient supplementation programs for children of 6-23 months, along with universal iodization of salt.	Vitamin A	144-153	sorcin	Homo sapiens	19-22
31054116-2	2019	Visfatin is highly expressed in visceral fat with stimulatory effect on osteoblast proliferation and inhibition on osteoclast formation, while RBP-4 acts as a transporter protein for retinol, associated with changes in insulin sensitivity, independent of obesity, with no consensus on its effect on bone metabolism.	Vitamin A	183-190	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	143-148
30905621-0	2019	O-GlcNAcylation disrupts STRA6-retinol signals in kidneys of diabetes.	Vitamin A	31-38	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	25-30
30905621-2	2019	Retinoid homeostasis regulates cell-physiological functions through STRA6-retinol signaling.	Vitamin A	74-81	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	68-73
30905621-3	2019	Therefore, we investigated whether O-GlcNAcylation disrupted STRA6-retinol signals in diabetes.	Vitamin A	67-74	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	61-66
30905621-8	2019	To verify whether O-GlcNAcylation disrupted STRA6-retinol signals, treatment of TMG and OSMI-1, transfection of OGA and OGT, and OGT siRNA were performed in HK-2 cells.	Vitamin A	50-57	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	44-49
30788515-1	2019	RDH1 is one of the several enzymes that catalyze the first of the two reactions to convert retinol into all-trans-retinoic acid (atRA).	Vitamin A	91-98	retinol dehydrogenase 1 (all trans)	Mus musculus	0-4
30788515-14	2019	Rbp4 encodes the serum retinol-binding protein-an insulin desensitizer.	Vitamin A	23-30	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-4
29885777-10	2019	Vitamin A, selenium and sCD14 were associated with CD4 recovery but future studies are needed to further explore these relationships.	Vitamin A	0-9	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	51-54
30675748-8	2019	RESULTS: Vitamin A-coupled liposomal ROCK inhibitor had an effect at approximately 1/100 the amount of the free ROCK inhibitor for inhibiting the activation of LX-2 cells and caused significant decreases in the expression levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1.	Vitamin A	9-18	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	268-306
30461012-5	2019	Here, we found that rosiglitazone, an antidiabetic drug, and all- trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), a vitamin A derivative, increase the messenger RNA (mRNA) level of TRPM6 in the presence of erlotinib.	Vitamin A	96-105	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 6	Rattus norvegicus	161-166
31097581-0	2019	Epithelial retinoic acid receptor beta regulates serum amyloid A expression and vitamin A-dependent intestinal immunity.	Vitamin A	80-89	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	11-38
31147589-1	2019	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) facilitates the transport of retinol in the body but is also an adipokine and fatty acid transporter.	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	0-25
31147589-1	2019	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) facilitates the transport of retinol in the body but is also an adipokine and fatty acid transporter.	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 4	Bos taurus	27-31
31097581-3	2019	Here we show that epithelial cell expression of the transcription factor retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) is essential for vitamin A-dependent intestinal immunity.	Vitamin A	128-137	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	73-100
31097581-3	2019	Here we show that epithelial cell expression of the transcription factor retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) is essential for vitamin A-dependent intestinal immunity.	Vitamin A	128-137	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	102-109
31097581-4	2019	Epithelial RARbeta activated vitamin A-dependent expression of serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins by binding directly to Saa promoters.	Vitamin A	29-38	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	11-18
31097581-4	2019	Epithelial RARbeta activated vitamin A-dependent expression of serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins by binding directly to Saa promoters.	Vitamin A	29-38	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	63-78
31097581-4	2019	Epithelial RARbeta activated vitamin A-dependent expression of serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins by binding directly to Saa promoters.	Vitamin A	29-38	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	80-83
31097581-4	2019	Epithelial RARbeta activated vitamin A-dependent expression of serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins by binding directly to Saa promoters.	Vitamin A	29-38	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	117-120
31097581-6	2019	More broadly, epithelial RARbeta was required for the development of key vitamin A-dependent adaptive immune responses, including CD4+ T-cell homing to the intestine and the development of IgA-producing intestinal B cells.	Vitamin A	73-82	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	25-32
31108904-4	2019	In the present experiment, we tested the hypothesis that PPARgamma activation affects milk fat synthesis in goats with a good body condition and receiving adequate levels of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	174-183	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma	Capra hircus	57-66
31067675-6	2019	Treatment of T-Skin  with retinol decreased the expression of differentiation markers, cytokeratin 10 and transglutaminase 1 and increased the proliferation marker, Ki67, in epidermis basal-layer cells.	Vitamin A	26-33	keratin 10	Homo sapiens	87-101
31217845-11	2019	The DHRS3, DHRS9, RDH10 and SDR16C5 genes in retinol metabolic pathway were continuously down-regulated and verified by qPCR.	Vitamin A	45-52	dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Homo sapiens	4-9
31217845-11	2019	The DHRS3, DHRS9, RDH10 and SDR16C5 genes in retinol metabolic pathway were continuously down-regulated and verified by qPCR.	Vitamin A	45-52	dehydrogenase/reductase 9	Homo sapiens	11-16
31217845-11	2019	The DHRS3, DHRS9, RDH10 and SDR16C5 genes in retinol metabolic pathway were continuously down-regulated and verified by qPCR.	Vitamin A	45-52	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	18-23
31217845-11	2019	The DHRS3, DHRS9, RDH10 and SDR16C5 genes in retinol metabolic pathway were continuously down-regulated and verified by qPCR.	Vitamin A	45-52	short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C member 5	Homo sapiens	28-35
31067675-6	2019	Treatment of T-Skin  with retinol decreased the expression of differentiation markers, cytokeratin 10 and transglutaminase 1 and increased the proliferation marker, Ki67, in epidermis basal-layer cells.	Vitamin A	26-33	transglutaminase 1	Homo sapiens	106-124
31046795-4	2019	A panel of 28 retinoids (compounds with vitamin A-like activity) showed a marked disparity in genomic (gene expression) versus non-genomic (ERK1/2 phosphorylation) assays.	Vitamin A	40-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	140-146
31052522-4	2019	Across racial/ethnic groups and within PIR categories, significant differences were observed in the %&lt; Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for vitamin A following enrichment/fortification (E/F) and for vitamin B12 and riboflavin following both E/F and DS use when comparing non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and the other race/ethnicity group to non-Hispanic whites.	Vitamin A	146-155	pirin	Homo sapiens	39-42
30739037-6	2019	Retinol supplementation prevented the effect of 6-OHDA on Iba-1 levels but had no effect on 6-OHDA-induced GFAP increase.	Vitamin A	0-7	allograft inflammatory factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-63
31353518-7	2019	The intervention mechanism of COS on retinol metabolism may be attributed to the modulation of RBP4, CRBP1, LRAT, STRA6, and CYP26A1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels.	Vitamin A	37-44	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	95-99
31353518-7	2019	The intervention mechanism of COS on retinol metabolism may be attributed to the modulation of RBP4, CRBP1, LRAT, STRA6, and CYP26A1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels.	Vitamin A	37-44	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	108-112
31353518-7	2019	The intervention mechanism of COS on retinol metabolism may be attributed to the modulation of RBP4, CRBP1, LRAT, STRA6, and CYP26A1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels.	Vitamin A	37-44	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	114-119
31353518-7	2019	The intervention mechanism of COS on retinol metabolism may be attributed to the modulation of RBP4, CRBP1, LRAT, STRA6, and CYP26A1 expression at the mRNA and protein levels.	Vitamin A	37-44	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	125-132
30739037-7	2019	Moreover, GFAP levels were increased by retinol supplementation alone.	Vitamin A	40-47	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	10-14
30703416-4	2019	However, a number of proteins involved in vitamin A metabolism, including retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1, alternatively known as retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 or RALDH1), have also been identified as being associated with metabolic disease.	Vitamin A	42-51	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-99
30905621-11	2019	Cellular retinol signals (CRBP1, LRAT, ADH, retinol, retinal, RA, RARalpha, RARgamma and RXRalpha) remarkably decreased in kidneys of db/db, ob/ob mice and HG-cultured cells.	Vitamin A	9-16	lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase)	Mus musculus	33-37
30905621-12	2019	TMG and OGT transfection induced O-GlcNAcylation of STRA6 and RALDH1, repressed RBP4-bound STRA6, and retinol signals in NG-cultured cells.	Vitamin A	102-109	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:polypeptide-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase)	Mus musculus	8-11
30905621-13	2019	OSMI-1, OGA transfection, and OGT silence reversed O-GlcNAc-modification of STRA6 and RALDH1, and rescued the decrease of retinol signals, and reversed the increase of TGFbeta1 and collagen 1 in HG-treated cells.	Vitamin A	122-129	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:polypeptide-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase)	Mus musculus	30-33
30905621-15	2019	GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study first indicates that STRA6-retinol signals were directly disrupted by O-GlcNAcylation in diabetic kidney.	Vitamin A	60-67	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	54-59
30703416-4	2019	However, a number of proteins involved in vitamin A metabolism, including retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1, alternatively known as retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 or RALDH1), have also been identified as being associated with metabolic disease.	Vitamin A	42-51	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	101-105
30703416-4	2019	However, a number of proteins involved in vitamin A metabolism, including retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1, alternatively known as retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 or RALDH1), have also been identified as being associated with metabolic disease.	Vitamin A	42-51	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	111-137
30703416-4	2019	However, a number of proteins involved in vitamin A metabolism, including retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1, alternatively known as retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 or RALDH1), have also been identified as being associated with metabolic disease.	Vitamin A	42-51	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	139-146
30703416-4	2019	However, a number of proteins involved in vitamin A metabolism, including retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1, alternatively known as retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 or RALDH1), have also been identified as being associated with metabolic disease.	Vitamin A	42-51	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	171-200
30703416-4	2019	However, a number of proteins involved in vitamin A metabolism, including retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1, alternatively known as retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 or RALDH1), have also been identified as being associated with metabolic disease.	Vitamin A	42-51	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	204-210
31049420-4	2019	Retinoic acid, retinaldehyde and retinol exhibited potent inhibition of thrombin, with IC50 values of 67mug/ml, 74mug/ml and 152mug/ml, respectively for the inhibition of thrombin (Sigma); and 49mug/ml, 74mug/ml and 178mug/ml, respectively for the inhibition of thrombin (plasma).	Vitamin A	33-40	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	72-80
31052280-0	2019	Serum Retinol but Not 25(OH)D Status Is Associated With Serum Hepcidin Levels in Older Mexican Adults.	Vitamin A	6-13	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	62-70
31052280-9	2019	Log-retinol was inversely associated with log-hepcidin (coeff.	Vitamin A	4-11	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	46-54
31049420-4	2019	Retinoic acid, retinaldehyde and retinol exhibited potent inhibition of thrombin, with IC50 values of 67mug/ml, 74mug/ml and 152mug/ml, respectively for the inhibition of thrombin (Sigma); and 49mug/ml, 74mug/ml and 178mug/ml, respectively for the inhibition of thrombin (plasma).	Vitamin A	33-40	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	171-179
31049420-4	2019	Retinoic acid, retinaldehyde and retinol exhibited potent inhibition of thrombin, with IC50 values of 67mug/ml, 74mug/ml and 152mug/ml, respectively for the inhibition of thrombin (Sigma); and 49mug/ml, 74mug/ml and 178mug/ml, respectively for the inhibition of thrombin (plasma).	Vitamin A	33-40	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	171-179
31049420-5	2019	Amongst vitamin A and its derivatives, retinoic acid showed the highest inhibition of both the forms of thrombin.	Vitamin A	8-17	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	104-112
31049420-7	2019	This is the first report of vitamin A and its derivatives showing inhibition of thrombin and platelet aggregation in vitro.	Vitamin A	28-37	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	80-88
30914787-10	2019	In the presence of all-trans retinol, LRAT substrate, there is a significant decrease in the level of palmitoylation of RPE65.	Vitamin A	29-36	retinoid isomerohydrolase RPE65	Homo sapiens	120-125
31105844-4	2019	HSC-specific knockdown of GGPPS using vitamin A-coupled liposome carrying siRNA-ggpps decreased activation of HSCs and alleviated fiber accumulation in vivo.	Vitamin A	38-47	geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	26-31
31105844-4	2019	HSC-specific knockdown of GGPPS using vitamin A-coupled liposome carrying siRNA-ggpps decreased activation of HSCs and alleviated fiber accumulation in vivo.	Vitamin A	38-47	geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
30733338-1	2019	The tetrameric protein transthyretin is a transporter of retinol and thyroxine in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and the eye, and is secreted by the liver, choroid plexus, and retinal epithelium, respectively.	Vitamin A	57-64	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	23-36
30940635-0	2019	Ocular instillation of vitamin A-coupled liposomes containing HSP47 siRNA ameliorates dry eye syndrome in chronic GVHD.	Vitamin A	23-32	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade H, member 1	Mus musculus	62-67
30940635-3	2019	We explored the role of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) in ocular GVHD and developed a novel antifibrotic topical therapy using vitamin A-coupled liposomes containing HSP47 small interfering RNA (siRNA) against HSP47 (VA-lip HSP47).	Vitamin A	126-135	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade H, member 1	Mus musculus	165-170
30940635-3	2019	We explored the role of heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) in ocular GVHD and developed a novel antifibrotic topical therapy using vitamin A-coupled liposomes containing HSP47 small interfering RNA (siRNA) against HSP47 (VA-lip HSP47).	Vitamin A	126-135	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade H, member 1	Mus musculus	165-170
30728260-8	2019	In summary, our study demonstrates that CRABPs serve as an on-off switch that modulates the efficiency of the HCV life cycle and elucidates how HCV evades the antiviral properties of ATRA via the exploitation of CRABP1 functionality.IMPORTANCE ATRA, a biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, exerts pleiotropic biological effects, including the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity, thereby serving as a potent antimicrobial compound against numerous viral pathogens.	Vitamin A	286-295	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	212-218
31084433-6	2019	Other shared functions of vitamin A and vitamin D include the support of innate lymphoid cells that produce IL-22, suppression of IFN-gamma and IL-17 by T cells, and induction of regulatory T cells in the mucosal tissues.	Vitamin A	26-35	interleukin 22	Homo sapiens	108-113
31084433-6	2019	Other shared functions of vitamin A and vitamin D include the support of innate lymphoid cells that produce IL-22, suppression of IFN-gamma and IL-17 by T cells, and induction of regulatory T cells in the mucosal tissues.	Vitamin A	26-35	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	130-139
31084433-6	2019	Other shared functions of vitamin A and vitamin D include the support of innate lymphoid cells that produce IL-22, suppression of IFN-gamma and IL-17 by T cells, and induction of regulatory T cells in the mucosal tissues.	Vitamin A	26-35	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	144-149
30645148-4	2019	Here, we evaluate the role of a candidate retinol isomerase of this pathway, sphingolipid delta4 desaturase 1 (Des1).	Vitamin A	42-49	delta(4)-desaturase, sphingolipid 1	Mus musculus	111-115
31002094-1	2019	Lactoferrin (LTF), also called lactotransferrin, is an iron-binding protein and member of transferrin family, whereas beta-LG is an important milk protein and belongs to the ligand-binding protein family of lipocalins and binds retinol.	Vitamin A	228-235	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	118-125
30873131-0	2019	TLR4 May Be Involved in the Regulation of Colonic Mucosal Microbiota by Vitamin A.	Vitamin A	72-81	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	0-4
30899809-3	2019	A significant improvement in feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed as supplementary vitamin A or E increased (P &lt;= 0.01).	Vitamin A	87-96	FCR	Gallus gallus	52-55
30899809-4	2019	Hens fed diets supplemented with 16,000 IU vitamin A plus 500 mg vitamin E/kg diet had the best FCR among all groups.	Vitamin A	43-52	FCR	Gallus gallus	96-99
30444569-10	2019	Proteome profiling revealed decreasing levels of GCKR protein with increasing carriage of the rs1260326/rs780094 minor alleles and downregulation of the retinol pathway in rs738409 G/G carriers.	Vitamin A	153-160	glucokinase regulator	Homo sapiens	49-53
30882700-1	2019	Cell and animal experiments have found that in addition to being a retinol transporter, Stimulated by Retinoic Acid 6 (STRA6) also functions as a surface signaling receptor by which retinol regulates insulin responses.	Vitamin A	67-74	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	119-124
30882700-1	2019	Cell and animal experiments have found that in addition to being a retinol transporter, Stimulated by Retinoic Acid 6 (STRA6) also functions as a surface signaling receptor by which retinol regulates insulin responses.	Vitamin A	67-74	insulin	Homo sapiens	200-207
30639560-5	2019	The model predicting the number of MetS risk factors was significant and explained 21.7% of the variance, being 25-OH-VD and retinol the statistically significant factors.	Vitamin A	125-132	ETS variant transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	35-39
30639560-6	2019	As for the impact of biomarkers on MetS, the model was statistically significant, being 25-OH-VD and retinol levels the significant factors.	Vitamin A	101-108	ETS variant transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	35-39
30639560-7	2019	We report for the first time an association between MetS and both low 25-OH-VD and high retinol concentrations.	Vitamin A	88-95	ETS variant transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	52-56
30731079-2	2019	Recently, we have shown that RDH11 contributes to the maintenance of retinol levels in extraocular tissues under conditions of vitamin A deficiency or reduced vitamin A availability.	Vitamin A	69-76	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Mus musculus	29-34
30731079-2	2019	Recently, we have shown that RDH11 contributes to the maintenance of retinol levels in extraocular tissues under conditions of vitamin A deficiency or reduced vitamin A availability.	Vitamin A	127-136	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Mus musculus	29-34
30873131-1	2019	Objectives: To investigate the specific role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the regulation of the intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota by vitamin A (VA).	Vitamin A	144-153	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	48-68
30873131-1	2019	Objectives: To investigate the specific role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the regulation of the intestinal mucosa-associated microbiota by vitamin A (VA).	Vitamin A	144-153	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	70-74
30747184-11	2019	Mechanistically, different concentrations of Vitamin A (0-20 mumol L-1) enhanced tight junction protein markers including Zo-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 both at protein and mRNA levels with an optimized dose of 0.1 mumol L-1.	Vitamin A	45-54	zonula occludens 1	Sus scrofa	122-126
30747184-11	2019	Mechanistically, different concentrations of Vitamin A (0-20 mumol L-1) enhanced tight junction protein markers including Zo-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 both at protein and mRNA levels with an optimized dose of 0.1 mumol L-1.	Vitamin A	45-54	occludin	Sus scrofa	128-136
30747184-11	2019	Mechanistically, different concentrations of Vitamin A (0-20 mumol L-1) enhanced tight junction protein markers including Zo-1, Occludin and Claudin-1 both at protein and mRNA levels with an optimized dose of 0.1 mumol L-1.	Vitamin A	45-54	claudin 1	Sus scrofa	141-150
29909812-1	2019	Previous studies have shown that the interaction between limiting vitamin A (VA) and an alcohol dehydrogenase 1 C (ADH1C) variant in beef cattle results in increased intramuscular fat in the longissimus thoracis muscle in one genotype when fed low dietary VA.	Vitamin A	66-75	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C	Bos taurus	115-120
30718413-0	2019	DGAT1 inhibits retinol-dependent regulatory T cell formation and mediates autoimmune encephalomyelitis.	Vitamin A	15-22	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
30718413-4	2019	DGAT1 acyltransferase activity sequesters retinol in ester form, preventing synthesis of retinoic acid, a cofactor for Treg generation.	Vitamin A	42-49	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
30718413-5	2019	In cultures with T cell-depleted lymphoid tissues, retinol enhanced Treg induction from DGAT1-/- but not from WT T cells.	Vitamin A	51-58	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
30718413-7	2019	These results demonstrate that DGAT1 suppresses retinol-dependent Treg formation and suggest its potential as a therapeutic target for autoimmune inflammation.	Vitamin A	48-55	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
30394286-1	2019	Human transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetramer that transports thyroid hormones and retinol in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid.	Vitamin A	81-88	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	6-19
29656332-1	2019	Mitochondrion-localized retinol dehydrogenase 13 (Rdh13) is a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase involved in vitamin A metabolism in both humans and mice.	Vitamin A	110-119	retinol dehydrogenase 13	Homo sapiens	24-48
29656332-1	2019	Mitochondrion-localized retinol dehydrogenase 13 (Rdh13) is a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase involved in vitamin A metabolism in both humans and mice.	Vitamin A	110-119	retinol dehydrogenase 13	Homo sapiens	50-55
30886803-3	2019	Herein, a pH-sensitive and vitamin A (VA)-conjugated copolymer VA-polyethylene glycol-polyethyleneimine-poly(N-(N",N"-diisopropylaminoethyl)-co-benzylamino) aspartamide (T-PBP) is synthesized and assembled into superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-decorated cationic micelle for miRNA delivery.	Vitamin A	27-36	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
30886803-3	2019	Herein, a pH-sensitive and vitamin A (VA)-conjugated copolymer VA-polyethylene glycol-polyethyleneimine-poly(N-(N",N"-diisopropylaminoethyl)-co-benzylamino) aspartamide (T-PBP) is synthesized and assembled into superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-decorated cationic micelle for miRNA delivery.	Vitamin A	38-40	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
30671060-0	2018	Retinoic Acid Mediated Clearance of Citrobacter rodentium in Vitamin A Deficient Mice Requires CD11b+ and T Cells.	Vitamin A	61-70	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	95-100
30198914-1	2019	The vitamin A derivative 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA) has been used for the treatment and prevention of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL).	Vitamin A	4-13	TSPY like 2	Homo sapiens	133-137
31682209-4	2019	RESULTS: Decreased vitamin A, and its retinoic acid metabolites, lead to a decrease in CD38 and associated changes that underpin a wide array of data on the biological underpinnings of ASD, including decreased oxytocin, with relevance both prenatally and in the gut.	Vitamin A	19-28	CD38 molecule	Homo sapiens	87-91
31682209-4	2019	RESULTS: Decreased vitamin A, and its retinoic acid metabolites, lead to a decrease in CD38 and associated changes that underpin a wide array of data on the biological underpinnings of ASD, including decreased oxytocin, with relevance both prenatally and in the gut.	Vitamin A	19-28	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	210-218
31336494-12	2019	Also, there was a marginal association between RBP4 and vitamin A (p = 0.063) intake, but after adjustment age, and fat mass, we found a significant association (p = 0.008).	Vitamin A	56-65	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	47-51
30394286-1	2019	Human transthyretin (TTR) is a homotetramer that transports thyroid hormones and retinol in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid.	Vitamin A	81-88	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	21-24
30773418-3	2019	Retinol-binding protein (RBP)-4 concentration is associated with obesity and insulin resistance conditions, but the means of this relationship remain unclear, and few studies have taken retinol values into account to evaluate it.	Vitamin A	186-193	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-31
30773418-8	2019	NEFA and glycerol concentrations were inversely correlated with RBP4/retinol in children with obesity but not in those without obesity.	Vitamin A	69-76	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	64-68
30773418-10	2019	These results indicate that a low saturation of RBP4 with retinol, which implies a higher concentration of free-RBP4, may preserve the antilipolytic function of insulin in adipose tissue in children with obesity.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	48-52
30773418-10	2019	These results indicate that a low saturation of RBP4 with retinol, which implies a higher concentration of free-RBP4, may preserve the antilipolytic function of insulin in adipose tissue in children with obesity.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	112-116
30773418-10	2019	These results indicate that a low saturation of RBP4 with retinol, which implies a higher concentration of free-RBP4, may preserve the antilipolytic function of insulin in adipose tissue in children with obesity.	Vitamin A	58-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	161-168
30773418-11	2019	CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that, in prepubertal children with obesity and insulin resistance, the amount of RBP4/retinol correlates with the antilipolytic response of the adipose tissue to insulin rather than the total RBP4 concentration.	Vitamin A	119-126	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
30773418-11	2019	CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that, in prepubertal children with obesity and insulin resistance, the amount of RBP4/retinol correlates with the antilipolytic response of the adipose tissue to insulin rather than the total RBP4 concentration.	Vitamin A	119-126	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	114-118
30773418-11	2019	CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that, in prepubertal children with obesity and insulin resistance, the amount of RBP4/retinol correlates with the antilipolytic response of the adipose tissue to insulin rather than the total RBP4 concentration.	Vitamin A	119-126	insulin	Homo sapiens	195-202
30472251-7	2019	5ML-mediated prevention of ATRA effects were shown to be based on the inhibition of cellular ATRA uptake by interference with the cholesterol (and retinol) binding motif of the transmembrane protein STRA6.	Vitamin A	147-154	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Rattus norvegicus	199-204
30573705-6	2018	Subjects with ApoE4 genotype have lower serum retinol level (P &lt; 0.05) and higher alpha-TOH/retinol ratio (P &lt; 0.01) than subjects with ApoE3 genotype.	Vitamin A	46-53	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	14-19
30573705-6	2018	Subjects with ApoE4 genotype have lower serum retinol level (P &lt; 0.05) and higher alpha-TOH/retinol ratio (P &lt; 0.01) than subjects with ApoE3 genotype.	Vitamin A	95-102	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	14-19
30573705-7	2018	MCI-ApoE4 carriers demonstrated the worst cognitive performance (P &lt; 0.05) and exhibited higher serum TC, alpha-TOH and alpha-TOH/retinol ratio levels (P &lt; 0.05), and lower LDL-C, retinol and lipid-adjusted retinol status (P &lt; 0.05).	Vitamin A	133-140	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	4-9
30573705-7	2018	MCI-ApoE4 carriers demonstrated the worst cognitive performance (P &lt; 0.05) and exhibited higher serum TC, alpha-TOH and alpha-TOH/retinol ratio levels (P &lt; 0.05), and lower LDL-C, retinol and lipid-adjusted retinol status (P &lt; 0.05).	Vitamin A	186-193	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	4-9
30573705-7	2018	MCI-ApoE4 carriers demonstrated the worst cognitive performance (P &lt; 0.05) and exhibited higher serum TC, alpha-TOH and alpha-TOH/retinol ratio levels (P &lt; 0.05), and lower LDL-C, retinol and lipid-adjusted retinol status (P &lt; 0.05).	Vitamin A	186-193	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	4-9
30573705-8	2018	MCI-ApoE2 subjects showed higher serum TC, HDL-C content and alpha-TOH/retinol ratio (P &lt; 0.05); and lower serum retinol and lipid-adjusted retinol status (P &lt; 0.05).	Vitamin A	71-78	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	4-9
30573705-8	2018	MCI-ApoE2 subjects showed higher serum TC, HDL-C content and alpha-TOH/retinol ratio (P &lt; 0.05); and lower serum retinol and lipid-adjusted retinol status (P &lt; 0.05).	Vitamin A	116-123	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	4-9
30573705-8	2018	MCI-ApoE2 subjects showed higher serum TC, HDL-C content and alpha-TOH/retinol ratio (P &lt; 0.05); and lower serum retinol and lipid-adjusted retinol status (P &lt; 0.05).	Vitamin A	116-123	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	4-9
30573705-10	2018	ApoE2 or E4 carriers with higher circulating alpha-TOH/retinol ratio infer poor cognitive performance and an increased risk of developing MCI.	Vitamin A	55-62	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	0-5
30613363-3	2018	Cellular retinol binding protein (CRBPI) regulates intracellular vitamin A bioavailability and contributes to maintain skin homeostasis.	Vitamin A	65-74	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-32
30641601-6	2019	Furthermore, CYP2E1 induction results in an enhanced activation of various procarcinogens and an increased degradation of retinol and retinoic acid (RA), a compound responsible for cell differentiation and proliferation.	Vitamin A	122-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	13-19
30572991-8	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin A may protect residual pancreatic beta cell function, possibly by improving the abnormal secretion of IL-17 in children with T1DM.	Vitamin A	13-22	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	123-128
29534342-4	2018	RESULTS: The serum TTR levels exhibited a statistically significant inverse correlation with interleukin-6 (r = -0.412, P = 0.041), and showed statistically significant correlations with retinol-binding protein (r = 0.919, P &lt; 0.001) and albumin (r = 0.442, P = 0.027).	Vitamin A	187-194	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	19-22
30500928-2	2018	As with the other 5 reports in this series, which focused on iodine, folate, zinc, iron, and vitamin A, this B12 report was developed with the assistance of an expert panel (BOND B12 EP) and other experts who provided information during a consultation.	Vitamin A	93-102	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3	Homo sapiens	109-112
30396492-1	2018	In this letter to editor, I hypothesize a potential affinity of retinol saturase (RetSat) enzyme towards a conjugated trienoic fatty acid; alpha-eleostearic acid (alpha-ESA) and subsequent hindrance of the action on its usual substrate; all trans retinol.	Vitamin A	64-71	retinol saturase	Homo sapiens	82-88
30396492-2	2018	Hence, RetSat is speculated to be involved in a rapid unusual conversion of alpha-ESA to conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), giving a less priority to its usual substrate all trans retinol, which would subsequently be converted into "all trans retinoic acid" (atRA).	Vitamin A	177-184	retinol saturase	Homo sapiens	7-13
30396492-3	2018	Otherwise, all trans retinol is converted by RetSat into all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol and eventually forms all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinoic acid, but not the atRA.	Vitamin A	21-28	retinol saturase	Homo sapiens	45-51
30459947-8	2018	At 2 months of age, Vitamin A increased PAX7 positive satellite cells and the expression of myogenic marker genes including PAX7, MYF5, MYOD and MYOG.	Vitamin A	20-29	paired box protein Pax-7	Bos taurus	40-44
30459947-8	2018	At 2 months of age, Vitamin A increased PAX7 positive satellite cells and the expression of myogenic marker genes including PAX7, MYF5, MYOD and MYOG.	Vitamin A	20-29	paired box protein Pax-7	Bos taurus	124-128
30459947-8	2018	At 2 months of age, Vitamin A increased PAX7 positive satellite cells and the expression of myogenic marker genes including PAX7, MYF5, MYOD and MYOG.	Vitamin A	20-29	myogenic factor 5	Bos taurus	130-134
30459947-8	2018	At 2 months of age, Vitamin A increased PAX7 positive satellite cells and the expression of myogenic marker genes including PAX7, MYF5, MYOD and MYOG.	Vitamin A	20-29	myogenic differentiation 1	Bos taurus	136-140
30459947-8	2018	At 2 months of age, Vitamin A increased PAX7 positive satellite cells and the expression of myogenic marker genes including PAX7, MYF5, MYOD and MYOG.	Vitamin A	20-29	myogenin	Bos taurus	145-149
30459947-13	2018	Furthermore, we found that RA, a key bioactive metabolite of vitamin A, activated PPARGC1A promoter, which explains the upregulated expression of PPARGC1A in skeletal muscle.	Vitamin A	61-70	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Bos taurus	82-90
30459947-13	2018	Furthermore, we found that RA, a key bioactive metabolite of vitamin A, activated PPARGC1A promoter, which explains the upregulated expression of PPARGC1A in skeletal muscle.	Vitamin A	61-70	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Bos taurus	146-154
30613363-3	2018	Cellular retinol binding protein (CRBPI) regulates intracellular vitamin A bioavailability and contributes to maintain skin homeostasis.	Vitamin A	65-74	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
30195474-6	2018	RESULTS: Retinyl-ester concentrations in the liver of cGKI-SM mice were lower compared to wild-type animals, which was associated with disturbed expression of genes involved in retinol metabolism and inflammation.	Vitamin A	177-184	protein kinase, cGMP-dependent, type I	Mus musculus	54-58
30106128-2	2018	The present study found that Stra8 inhibited apoptosis in male Stra8-knockout mice, and in mice with vitamin A deficiency and vitamin A recovery in vivo.	Vitamin A	101-110	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8	Mus musculus	29-34
30379862-9	2018	In NASH, hepatic ALDH1A2 and ALDH1A3 were underexpressed and inversely correlated with plasma retinol levels, which may reduce retinoic acid in the liver.	Vitamin A	94-101	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2	Homo sapiens	17-24
30379862-9	2018	In NASH, hepatic ALDH1A2 and ALDH1A3 were underexpressed and inversely correlated with plasma retinol levels, which may reduce retinoic acid in the liver.	Vitamin A	94-101	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A3	Homo sapiens	29-36
30420837-0	2018	Vitamin A Promotes Leydig Cell Differentiation via Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1.	Vitamin A	0-9	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	51-74
30420837-12	2018	This is the first study connecting a metabolic enzyme of retinol (ADH1) to the the regulation of Leydig cell differentiation, which will provide experimental evidence for the development of therapeutics to promote Leydig regeneration through the administration of a RA signaling regulator or a vitamin A supplement.	Vitamin A	57-64	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	66-70
30420837-12	2018	This is the first study connecting a metabolic enzyme of retinol (ADH1) to the the regulation of Leydig cell differentiation, which will provide experimental evidence for the development of therapeutics to promote Leydig regeneration through the administration of a RA signaling regulator or a vitamin A supplement.	Vitamin A	294-303	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	66-70
30574346-1	2018	Objective: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) transports vitamin A (Retinol) in the blood and contributes mechanistically to the linkage between obesity, insulin resistance and associated comorbidities including type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery and neoplastic diseases.	Vitamin A	55-64	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	11-36
30574346-1	2018	Objective: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) transports vitamin A (Retinol) in the blood and contributes mechanistically to the linkage between obesity, insulin resistance and associated comorbidities including type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery and neoplastic diseases.	Vitamin A	55-64	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	38-42
30574346-1	2018	Objective: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) transports vitamin A (Retinol) in the blood and contributes mechanistically to the linkage between obesity, insulin resistance and associated comorbidities including type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery and neoplastic diseases.	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	38-42
30307307-8	2018	CRP was found to be associated with retinol (x2 = 3.95/p = 0.04).	Vitamin A	36-43	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
30014716-2	2018	Vitamin A (Vit-A) is involved in homocysteine metabolism and we therefore explored the potential interaction between plasma tHcy and serum Vit-A in relation to incident acute myocardial infarction.	Vitamin A	0-9	vitrin	Homo sapiens	11-14
30126844-1	2018	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the major transport protein for retinol in blood.	Vitamin A	68-75	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-25
30578914-7	2018	Notably, defective variants in MTHFR and RBP4, two genes involved in folic acid and vitamin A biosynthesis, were found to have high contributions to NSCL/P incidence based on feature importance evaluation with logistic regression.	Vitamin A	84-93	methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase	Homo sapiens	31-36
30578914-7	2018	Notably, defective variants in MTHFR and RBP4, two genes involved in folic acid and vitamin A biosynthesis, were found to have high contributions to NSCL/P incidence based on feature importance evaluation with logistic regression.	Vitamin A	84-93	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	41-45
29939824-1	2018	BACKGROUND: High intake of vitamin A is suspected to be a risk factor for the progression of Stargardt disease (STGD1) and many health authorities recommend Stargardt patients not to use oral vitamin A supplements outside that provided naturally in the food.	Vitamin A	27-36	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	112-117
29939824-2	2018	The present study provides the first systematic review of the current level of evidence regarding the role of supplementary vitamin A in STGD1.	Vitamin A	124-133	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
29939824-7	2018	CONCLUSIONS: There are few studies on the effect of vitamin A in STGD1.	Vitamin A	52-61	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
29939824-10	2018	Animal studies on vitamin A substitute as a possible therapeutic approach in preventing or slowing vision loss in STGD1 seems promising but further clinical trials are needed to verify the results.	Vitamin A	18-27	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	114-119
30126844-1	2018	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the major transport protein for retinol in blood.	Vitamin A	68-75	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	27-31
30213975-1	2018	Transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine and retinol both in plasma and in cerebrospinal (CSF) fluid provides a natural protective response against Alzheimer"s disease (AD), modulates amyloid-beta (Abeta) deposition by direct interaction and co-localizes with Abeta in plaques.	Vitamin A	76-83	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
30213975-1	2018	Transthyretin (TTR), a homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine and retinol both in plasma and in cerebrospinal (CSF) fluid provides a natural protective response against Alzheimer"s disease (AD), modulates amyloid-beta (Abeta) deposition by direct interaction and co-localizes with Abeta in plaques.	Vitamin A	76-83	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
29912360-7	2018	The vitamin A restriction significantly increased or tended to increase expression levels of Cidea and Pgc-1alpha in scWAT, and Cidea, Dio2, and Nfia in mesWAT.	Vitamin A	4-13	cell death activator CIDE-A	Bos taurus	93-98
30038059-10	2018	The data showed that elevated serum levels of RBP4 at admission were associated with severity and prognosis of AIS, suggesting that vitamin A metabolism or impaired insulin signaling could be involved.	Vitamin A	132-141	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	46-50
29912360-7	2018	The vitamin A restriction significantly increased or tended to increase expression levels of Cidea and Pgc-1alpha in scWAT, and Cidea, Dio2, and Nfia in mesWAT.	Vitamin A	4-13	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Bos taurus	103-113
29912360-7	2018	The vitamin A restriction significantly increased or tended to increase expression levels of Cidea and Pgc-1alpha in scWAT, and Cidea, Dio2, and Nfia in mesWAT.	Vitamin A	4-13	cell death activator CIDE-A	Bos taurus	128-133
29912360-7	2018	The vitamin A restriction significantly increased or tended to increase expression levels of Cidea and Pgc-1alpha in scWAT, and Cidea, Dio2, and Nfia in mesWAT.	Vitamin A	4-13	iodothyronine deiodinase 2	Bos taurus	135-139
29912360-9	2018	The vitamin A restriction increased expression of Bmp7 and some Bmp receptors in WAT.	Vitamin A	4-13	bone morphogenetic protein 7	Bos taurus	50-54
29912360-9	2018	The vitamin A restriction increased expression of Bmp7 and some Bmp receptors in WAT.	Vitamin A	4-13	bone morphogenetic protein 7	Bos taurus	50-53
29912360-12	2018	In summary, the present results suggest that the vitamin A restriction increases the number or activity of brown/beige adipocytes through regulatory expression of transcriptional regulators to induce brown/beige adipogenesis, especially in scWAT of fattening cattle, which may be governed by the Bmp pathway.	Vitamin A	49-58	bone morphogenetic protein 7	Bos taurus	296-299
30205424-6	2018	Pearson correlation analysis showed significant correlations between plasma hs-CRP and alpha-carotene and retinol concentrations.	Vitamin A	106-113	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	79-82
30205424-7	2018	After adjusting by sex, body mass index (BMI) and lipid levels, only the association with retinol remains significant, with children in the highest hs-CRP tertile group (hs-CRP &gt;= 0.60 mg/dL) showing significantly lower levels of retinol than those from the tertiles 1 and 2.	Vitamin A	90-97	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	151-154
30205424-8	2018	A stepwise linear regression selected retinol, BMI, apo A-I and sex as predictors of hs-CRP levels, in a model explaining 19.2% of the variability of hs-CRP.	Vitamin A	38-45	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	88-91
30205424-9	2018	In conclusion, in healthy prepubertal children, after adjusting by sex, BMI and lipid levels, hs-CRP concentrations were highly associated with plasma retinol, which is transported in blood bound to retinol-binding protein but were not associated with the lipoprotein-bound antioxidants.	Vitamin A	151-158	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	97-100
30205424-9	2018	In conclusion, in healthy prepubertal children, after adjusting by sex, BMI and lipid levels, hs-CRP concentrations were highly associated with plasma retinol, which is transported in blood bound to retinol-binding protein but were not associated with the lipoprotein-bound antioxidants.	Vitamin A	199-206	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	97-100
29803924-9	2018	Furthermore, Rbp7 mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 cells was significantly up- and down-regulated by retinol and retinoic acid, respectively.	Vitamin A	94-101	retinol binding protein 7, cellular	Mus musculus	13-17
30189611-11	2018	A significant negative correlation was found between plasma all-trans retinol and CRP level at the end of treatment (p = 0.03).	Vitamin A	70-77	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	82-85
30189693-2	2018	VAD can be measured by a retinol-binding protein (RBP) and serum retinol concentrations.	Vitamin A	25-32	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	50-53
30189693-7	2018	Linear regression of RBP on retinol was used to generate RBP cut-offs equivalent to retinol &lt;0.7 micromol/L.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	21-24
30189693-7	2018	Linear regression of RBP on retinol was used to generate RBP cut-offs equivalent to retinol &lt;0.7 micromol/L.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	57-60
27754752-0	2018	RhoA controls retinoid signaling by ROCK dependent regulation of retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	65-72	ras homolog family member A	Mus musculus	0-4
30233492-3	2018	The retinol circulating complex is transported in the bloodstream in the form of a trimolecular edifice made up of transthyretin (TTR), retinol-binding protein (RBP) and its retinol ligand.	Vitamin A	4-11	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	115-128
30233492-3	2018	The retinol circulating complex is transported in the bloodstream in the form of a trimolecular edifice made up of transthyretin (TTR), retinol-binding protein (RBP) and its retinol ligand.	Vitamin A	4-11	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	130-133
30233492-3	2018	The retinol circulating complex is transported in the bloodstream in the form of a trimolecular edifice made up of transthyretin (TTR), retinol-binding protein (RBP) and its retinol ligand.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	136-159
30233492-3	2018	The retinol circulating complex is transported in the bloodstream in the form of a trimolecular edifice made up of transthyretin (TTR), retinol-binding protein (RBP) and its retinol ligand.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	161-164
30233492-4	2018	TTR reflects the size of the lean body mass (LBM) and is one of the 3 carrier-proteins of thyroid hormones whereas RBP is the sole conveyor of retinol in human plasma.	Vitamin A	143-150	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	115-118
30233492-6	2018	The steep drop in TTR and RBP plasma values releases thyroxine and retinol ligands in their physiologically active forms, creating free pools estimated to be 10-20 times larger than those described in healthy subjects.	Vitamin A	67-74	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	18-21
30233492-6	2018	The steep drop in TTR and RBP plasma values releases thyroxine and retinol ligands in their physiologically active forms, creating free pools estimated to be 10-20 times larger than those described in healthy subjects.	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	26-29
29246089-12	2018	We hypothesize that the epigenetic suppression of trophoblast RARRES1 and RARB expression and the upregulation of RARRES1 in PE trophoblast cells suggest an involvement of environmental factors (eg, maternal vitamin A intake) in the pathogenesis of this pregnancy complication.	Vitamin A	208-217	retinoic acid receptor responder 1	Homo sapiens	114-121
29981365-4	2018	All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the biologically active metabolite of vitamin A/RA, has been shown to have pleiotropic effects on hematopoietic cells, enhancing HSC self-renewal while also increasing differentiation of more mature progenitors.	Vitamin A	70-79	fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group)	Homo sapiens	161-164
29908701-0	2018	Direct analysis of vitamin A, vitamin E, carotenoids, chlorophylls and free sterols in animal and vegetable fats in a single normal-phase liquid chromatographic run.	Vitamin A	19-28	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	108-112
29871924-4	2018	Formation of the tertiary retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4)-transthyretin-retinol complex in the serum is required for this influx.	Vitamin A	26-33	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	53-57
29789712-8	2018	In the multivariate models, fat mass, albumin level, physical activity, and lunch habits were positively associated with retinol levels in boys.	Vitamin A	121-128	albumin	Homo sapiens	38-45
30166332-0	2018	Correction: RDH10-mediated retinol metabolism and RARalpha-mediated retinoic acid signaling are required for submandibular salivary gland initiation (doi: 10.1242/dev.164822).	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	12-17
30024734-4	2018	RBP forms a complex with retinol, and the holoprotein (hRBP) binds with high affinity to TTR.	Vitamin A	25-32	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-3
30024734-4	2018	RBP forms a complex with retinol, and the holoprotein (hRBP) binds with high affinity to TTR.	Vitamin A	25-32	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
29750879-0	2018	DHA upregulates FADS2 expression in primary cortical astrocytes exposed to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	75-84	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	16-21
29750879-4	2018	The study examines whether challenge of astrocytes with VA, prior 24-h treatment with palmitic acid (PA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has the effect on the FADS2 expression.	Vitamin A	56-58	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	185-190
29750879-9	2018	These findings indicate that in the presence of vitamin A, DHA upregulates fads2 gene expression in astrocytes.	Vitamin A	48-57	fatty acid desaturase 2	Homo sapiens	75-80
29986869-0	2018	RDH10-mediated retinol metabolism and RARalpha-mediated retinoic acid signaling are required for submandibular salivary gland initiation.	Vitamin A	15-22	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	0-5
29986869-4	2018	In this study, we show that retinoic acid (RA) signaling activity at the site of gland initiation is colocalized with expression of retinol metabolic genes Rdh10 and Aldh1a2 in the underlying SMG mesenchyme.	Vitamin A	132-139	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	156-161
29986869-4	2018	In this study, we show that retinoic acid (RA) signaling activity at the site of gland initiation is colocalized with expression of retinol metabolic genes Rdh10 and Aldh1a2 in the underlying SMG mesenchyme.	Vitamin A	132-139	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2	Homo sapiens	166-173
29986869-4	2018	In this study, we show that retinoic acid (RA) signaling activity at the site of gland initiation is colocalized with expression of retinol metabolic genes Rdh10 and Aldh1a2 in the underlying SMG mesenchyme.	Vitamin A	132-139	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide G	Homo sapiens	192-195
30029590-9	2018	In addition, GO enrichment analysis indicated an altered expression of the genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism, retinol metabolism, anti-apoptosis (eg., BDNF and ADAM17) and response to endogenous stimulus.	Vitamin A	123-130	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	164-168
30029590-9	2018	In addition, GO enrichment analysis indicated an altered expression of the genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism, retinol metabolism, anti-apoptosis (eg., BDNF and ADAM17) and response to endogenous stimulus.	Vitamin A	123-130	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	173-179
29879830-8	2018	Nutritional factors, including fat metabolism, digestion and absorption of feed, glucose/starch availability, and vitamin A, D, and C levels are important for IMF deposition.	Vitamin A	114-123	EEF	Bos taurus	159-162
29217403-0	2018	Transcriptome analysis reveals a positive role for nerve growth factor in retinol metabolism in primary rat hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	74-81	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	51-70
29217403-5	2018	Subsequent KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that NGF significantly affected the retinol metabolism pathway via increased retinol dehydrogenase 16 (RDH16) expression.	Vitamin A	90-97	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
29217403-5	2018	Subsequent KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that NGF significantly affected the retinol metabolism pathway via increased retinol dehydrogenase 16 (RDH16) expression.	Vitamin A	90-97	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Rattus norvegicus	131-155
29217403-5	2018	Subsequent KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that NGF significantly affected the retinol metabolism pathway via increased retinol dehydrogenase 16 (RDH16) expression.	Vitamin A	90-97	retinol dehydrogenase 16	Rattus norvegicus	157-162
29217403-8	2018	In conclusion, this study demonstrates the up-regulation of RDH16 by NGF in cultured rat hepatocytes and mouse cholestatic livers, and provides novel insights on the mechanistic role of NGF in the retinol metabolism of livers.	Vitamin A	197-204	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	186-189
29256181-10	2018	Retinol reduced IFNgamma in GO and control fibroblasts.	Vitamin A	0-7	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	16-24
29804846-4	2018	The transthyretin levels exhibited statistically significant correlations with total protein (r = 0.598, P &lt; 0.001), albumin (r = 0.626, P &lt; 0.001), and retinol binding protein (r = 0.753, P &lt; 0.001).	Vitamin A	159-166	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	4-17
30647705-10	2018	Both of Tbeta4 and CD4 had positive correlation with vitamin A level at P &lt; .000 and P &lt; .003 respectively as well as with each other at p &lt; .000.	Vitamin A	53-62	thymosin beta 4 X-linked	Homo sapiens	8-14
29915313-7	2018	ATG2A was significantly enriched in lipid droplets of retinol/oleic acid-treated LX-2 cells and quiescent primary stellate cells.	Vitamin A	54-61	autophagy related 2A	Homo sapiens	0-5
29892071-4	2018	Another cleavage enzyme, beta-carotene 9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2), asymmetrically cleaves beta-carotene in adult tissues to prevent its mitochondrial toxicity, generating beta-apo-10"-carotenal, which can be converted to retinoids (vitamin A and its metabolites) by BCO1.	Vitamin A	229-238	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	25-55
29892071-4	2018	Another cleavage enzyme, beta-carotene 9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2), asymmetrically cleaves beta-carotene in adult tissues to prevent its mitochondrial toxicity, generating beta-apo-10"-carotenal, which can be converted to retinoids (vitamin A and its metabolites) by BCO1.	Vitamin A	229-238	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	57-61
29892071-4	2018	Another cleavage enzyme, beta-carotene 9",10"-oxygenase (BCO2), asymmetrically cleaves beta-carotene in adult tissues to prevent its mitochondrial toxicity, generating beta-apo-10"-carotenal, which can be converted to retinoids (vitamin A and its metabolites) by BCO1.	Vitamin A	229-238	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	263-267
29892071-6	2018	We found that mice lacking BCO2 on a vitamin A deficiency-susceptible genetic background (Rbp4-/-) generated severely malformed vitamin A-deficient embryos.	Vitamin A	37-46	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Mus musculus	27-31
29892071-6	2018	We found that mice lacking BCO2 on a vitamin A deficiency-susceptible genetic background (Rbp4-/-) generated severely malformed vitamin A-deficient embryos.	Vitamin A	37-46	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	90-94
29892071-6	2018	We found that mice lacking BCO2 on a vitamin A deficiency-susceptible genetic background (Rbp4-/-) generated severely malformed vitamin A-deficient embryos.	Vitamin A	128-137	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Mus musculus	27-31
29892071-6	2018	We found that mice lacking BCO2 on a vitamin A deficiency-susceptible genetic background (Rbp4-/-) generated severely malformed vitamin A-deficient embryos.	Vitamin A	128-137	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	90-94
29892071-8	2018	These data demonstrate that BCO2 prevents beta-carotene toxicity during embryogenesis under severe vitamin A deficiency.	Vitamin A	99-108	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Mus musculus	28-32
29750864-1	2018	Rhodopsin is widely distributed in organisms as a membrane-embedded photoreceptor protein, consisting of the apoprotein opsin and vitamin-A aldehyde retinal, A1-retinal and A2-retinal being the natural chromophores.	Vitamin A	130-139	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	0-9
29094729-7	2018	Moreover, the protein-protein interaction network demonstrated that 10 core genes/proteins overlapped, with Ugt2a3, Cyp2b1 and Cyp3a18 in retinol metabolism pathway overlapped to a higher degree.	Vitamin A	138-145	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member A3	Rattus norvegicus	108-114
29094729-7	2018	Moreover, the protein-protein interaction network demonstrated that 10 core genes/proteins overlapped, with Ugt2a3, Cyp2b1 and Cyp3a18 in retinol metabolism pathway overlapped to a higher degree.	Vitamin A	138-145	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-122
29094729-7	2018	Moreover, the protein-protein interaction network demonstrated that 10 core genes/proteins overlapped, with Ugt2a3, Cyp2b1 and Cyp3a18 in retinol metabolism pathway overlapped to a higher degree.	Vitamin A	138-145	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 18	Rattus norvegicus	127-134
29748133-1	2018	Retinoic acid is the active metabolite of vitamin A and regulates several important cellular processes by activating retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR).	Vitamin A	42-51	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	117-140
29748133-1	2018	Retinoic acid is the active metabolite of vitamin A and regulates several important cellular processes by activating retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR).	Vitamin A	42-51	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	142-145
29748133-1	2018	Retinoic acid is the active metabolite of vitamin A and regulates several important cellular processes by activating retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR).	Vitamin A	42-51	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	151-171
29748133-1	2018	Retinoic acid is the active metabolite of vitamin A and regulates several important cellular processes by activating retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR).	Vitamin A	42-51	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	173-176
29626847-4	2018	TTR is a transporter of thyroxine and retinol in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid.	Vitamin A	38-45	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-3
30647705-10	2018	Both of Tbeta4 and CD4 had positive correlation with vitamin A level at P &lt; .000 and P &lt; .003 respectively as well as with each other at p &lt; .000.	Vitamin A	53-62	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	19-22
29527688-1	2018	Transthyretin (TTR) is a transport protein of retinol and thyroxine in serum and CSF, which is mainly secreted by liver and choroid plexus, and in smaller amounts in other cells throughout the body.	Vitamin A	46-53	transthyretin	Mus musculus	15-18
29849106-0	2018	Radiation-induced overexpression of transthyretin inhibits retinol-mediated hippocampal neurogenesis.	Vitamin A	59-66	transthyretin	Mus musculus	36-49
30003121-2	2018	Since excessive ingestion of vitamin A is known to induce spontaneous fractures and as the Vegfa-induced femur angulation in mice appears to be caused by intrauterine fractures, we analyzed bones from a CYP26B1 deficient human and rats with hypervitaminosis A to further explore Vegfa as a mechanistic link for the effect of vitamin A on bone.	Vitamin A	325-334	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	91-96
30003121-6	2018	Studies in rats showed increased plasma and tissue Vegfa concentrations and signs of bone marrow microhemorrhage on the first day of excess dietary vitamin A intake.	Vitamin A	148-157	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
30003121-9	2018	Our findings suggest that an initial part of the vitamin A mechanism causing bone alterations is mediated by excess Vegfa and disturbed bone marrow microvessel integrity.	Vitamin A	49-58	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	116-121
29849106-5	2018	It was shown that overexpression of TTR resulted in the inhibition of retinol-mediated neuritogenesis.	Vitamin A	70-77	transthyretin	Mus musculus	36-39
29720147-2	2018	Cellular retinol binding protein-1 (CRBP-1) as a carrier protein transports retinol from the liver storage site to peripheral tissue.	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	36-42
29803227-4	2018	RESULTS: The levels of total retinoids and retinoic acid (RA) and expressions of retinol-oxidizing enzyme genes alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh1a1) are increased in the ovaries of mice treated with FSH; in contrast, the retinyl ester levels and retinol-esterifying enzyme gene lecithin: retinol acyltransferase (Lrat) expression are diminished.	Vitamin A	81-88	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	112-135
29803227-4	2018	RESULTS: The levels of total retinoids and retinoic acid (RA) and expressions of retinol-oxidizing enzyme genes alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (Adh1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh1a1) are increased in the ovaries of mice treated with FSH; in contrast, the retinyl ester levels and retinol-esterifying enzyme gene lecithin: retinol acyltransferase (Lrat) expression are diminished.	Vitamin A	81-88	alcohol dehydrogenase 1 (class I)	Mus musculus	137-141
29803227-5	2018	In FSH-treated granulosa cells, the levels of retinyl esters, retinaldehyde, and total retinoids are augmented; and this is coupled with an increase in the expressions of stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (Stra6) and cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (Crbp1), genes in the retinol uptake pathway, and Adh1, Adh7, and Aldh1a1 as well as a diminution in Lrat expression.	Vitamin A	222-229	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	202-207
29750812-2	2018	The emission bands in non-heated desi ghee centred at 375 nm is labelled for vitamin D, 390 nm for vitamin K, 440-460 nm for isomers of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), 490 nm for vitamin A and the region 620-700 nm is assigned to chlorophyll contents.	Vitamin A	179-188	desumoylating isopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	33-37
29567832-0	2018	Retinol dehydrogenase 11 is essential for the maintenance of retinol homeostasis in liver and testis in mice.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Mus musculus	0-24
29567832-2	2018	Previous work has suggested that RDH11 contributes to the oxidation of 11-cis-retinol to 11-cis-retinaldehyde during the visual cycle in the eye"s retinal pigment epithelium.	Vitamin A	71-85	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Mus musculus	33-38
29567832-4	2018	Here, we report that microsomes isolated from the testes and livers of Rdh11-/- mice fed a regular diet exhibited a 3- and 1.7-fold lower rate of all-trans-retinaldehyde conversion to all-trans-retinol, respectively, than the microsomes of WT littermates.	Vitamin A	188-201	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Mus musculus	71-76
29567832-5	2018	Testes and livers of Rdh11-/- mice fed a vitamin A-deficient diet had ~35% lower levels of all-trans-retinol than those of WT mice.	Vitamin A	41-50	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Mus musculus	21-26
29567832-5	2018	Testes and livers of Rdh11-/- mice fed a vitamin A-deficient diet had ~35% lower levels of all-trans-retinol than those of WT mice.	Vitamin A	91-108	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Mus musculus	21-26
29567832-6	2018	Furthermore, the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol via retinaldehyde as an intermediate appeared to be impaired in the testes of Rdh11-/-/retinol-binding protein 4-/-(Rbp4-/-) mice, which lack circulating holo RBP4 and rely on dietary supplementation with beta-carotene for maintenance of their retinoid stores.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Mus musculus	134-139
29567832-6	2018	Furthermore, the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol via retinaldehyde as an intermediate appeared to be impaired in the testes of Rdh11-/-/retinol-binding protein 4-/-(Rbp4-/-) mice, which lack circulating holo RBP4 and rely on dietary supplementation with beta-carotene for maintenance of their retinoid stores.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	143-168
29567832-6	2018	Furthermore, the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol via retinaldehyde as an intermediate appeared to be impaired in the testes of Rdh11-/-/retinol-binding protein 4-/-(Rbp4-/-) mice, which lack circulating holo RBP4 and rely on dietary supplementation with beta-carotene for maintenance of their retinoid stores.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	172-176
29567832-6	2018	Furthermore, the conversion of beta-carotene to retinol via retinaldehyde as an intermediate appeared to be impaired in the testes of Rdh11-/-/retinol-binding protein 4-/-(Rbp4-/-) mice, which lack circulating holo RBP4 and rely on dietary supplementation with beta-carotene for maintenance of their retinoid stores.	Vitamin A	48-55	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	215-219
29567832-7	2018	Together, these results indicate that in mouse testis and liver, RDH11 functions as an all-trans-retinaldehyde reductase essential for the maintenance of physiological levels of all-trans-retinol under reduced vitamin A availability.	Vitamin A	178-195	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Mus musculus	65-70
29567832-7	2018	Together, these results indicate that in mouse testis and liver, RDH11 functions as an all-trans-retinaldehyde reductase essential for the maintenance of physiological levels of all-trans-retinol under reduced vitamin A availability.	Vitamin A	210-219	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Mus musculus	65-70
29414511-1	2018	RBP4 (plasma retinol-binding protein) is the 21 kDa transporter of all-trans retinol that circulates in plasma as a moderately tight 1:1 molar complex of the vitamin with the protein.	Vitamin A	13-20	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
29567208-0	2018	Deciphering protein dynamics changes along the pathway of retinol uptake by cellular retinol-binding proteins 1 and 2.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	85-117
29567208-2	2018	CRBP 1 and 2, sharing a 56% amino acid sequence identity, exhibit the highest binding affinities for retinol.	Vitamin A	101-108	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-12
29567208-4	2018	Herein, the results of molecular dynamics simulations for the uptake of retinol by CRBP 1 and 2 are consistent with the presence of two different retinol entry points, both involving the "cap region" (alpha-helices I and II and neighboring loops).	Vitamin A	72-79	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	83-95
29567208-4	2018	Herein, the results of molecular dynamics simulations for the uptake of retinol by CRBP 1 and 2 are consistent with the presence of two different retinol entry points, both involving the "cap region" (alpha-helices I and II and neighboring loops).	Vitamin A	146-153	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	83-95
29567208-5	2018	We observed that a hydrophobic patch at the surface of the "portal region" (alpha-helix II, CD and EF loops) of CRBP 1 attracts retinol, which accesses the binding cavity through an opening generated by the concerted movements of Arg58 and Phe57, present in the CD loop.	Vitamin A	128-135	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	112-118
29567208-6	2018	In CRBP 2 a different distribution of the surface residues of the "cap region" allows retinol to access the binding cavity by sinking in a hydrophobic matrix between the two alpha-helices.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	3-9
29589070-5	2018	In addition, PSCs have a remarkable capacity for vitamin A uptake most likely through cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	49-58	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	86-118
29589070-5	2018	In addition, PSCs have a remarkable capacity for vitamin A uptake most likely through cellular retinol binding protein (CRBP).	Vitamin A	49-58	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
29482216-18	2018	Conclusions and Relevance: RBP4 was inversely related to risk for and prognosis of ALS, suggesting that vitamin A metabolism or impaired insulin signaling could be involved.	Vitamin A	104-113	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
29476041-1	2018	The clearance of retinoic acid (RA) and its metabolites is believed to be regulated by the CYP26 enzymes, but the specific roles of CYP26A1, CYP26B1, and CYP26C1 in clearing active vitamin A metabolites have not been defined.	Vitamin A	181-190	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	132-139
29476041-1	2018	The clearance of retinoic acid (RA) and its metabolites is believed to be regulated by the CYP26 enzymes, but the specific roles of CYP26A1, CYP26B1, and CYP26C1 in clearing active vitamin A metabolites have not been defined.	Vitamin A	181-190	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	141-148
29476041-1	2018	The clearance of retinoic acid (RA) and its metabolites is believed to be regulated by the CYP26 enzymes, but the specific roles of CYP26A1, CYP26B1, and CYP26C1 in clearing active vitamin A metabolites have not been defined.	Vitamin A	181-190	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	154-161
29650443-13	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Downregulated miR-136-5p may target UGT1A7 and ADH7 and participate in ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	165-172	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A7	Homo sapiens	49-55
29650443-13	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Downregulated miR-136-5p may target UGT1A7 and ADH7 and participate in ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, and retinol metabolism.	Vitamin A	165-172	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	60-64
29670361-9	2018	Besides, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways including chemical carcinogenesis, drug metabolism-cytochrome P450, tryptophan metabolism, and retinol metabolism were involved.	Vitamin A	157-164	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	113-128
29343315-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of the acute-phase response (APR) during inflammation on Fe, Zn and vitamin A biomarkers to allow accurate evaluation of micronutrient status in populations.	Vitamin A	100-109	phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1	Homo sapiens	61-64
29669072-0	2018	Vitamin A pretreatment protects NO-induced bovine mammary epithelial cells from oxidative stress by modulating Nrf2 and NF-kappaB signaling pathways.	Vitamin A	0-9	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Bos taurus	111-115
29669072-0	2018	Vitamin A pretreatment protects NO-induced bovine mammary epithelial cells from oxidative stress by modulating Nrf2 and NF-kappaB signaling pathways.	Vitamin A	0-9	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	120-129
29669072-6	2018	Pretreatment with VA promoted the proliferation of BMECs, increased the activities of antioxidative enzymes including selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and their gene and protein expression but decreased NO and interleukin 1 (IL-1) contents in a quadratic manner (P &lt; 0.05).	Vitamin A	18-20	peroxiredoxin 5	Bos taurus	165-186
29669072-6	2018	Pretreatment with VA promoted the proliferation of BMECs, increased the activities of antioxidative enzymes including selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and their gene and protein expression but decreased NO and interleukin 1 (IL-1) contents in a quadratic manner (P &lt; 0.05).	Vitamin A	18-20	peroxiredoxin 5	Bos taurus	188-192
29669072-8	2018	Together, these results suggest that VA promotes antioxidant functions of BMECs by regulating the synthesis of selenoproteins including GPx and TrxR and by reducing concentrations of IL-1 and NO in vitro by modulating Nrf2 and NF-kappaB signaling pathways.	Vitamin A	37-39	peroxiredoxin 5	Bos taurus	144-148
29669072-8	2018	Together, these results suggest that VA promotes antioxidant functions of BMECs by regulating the synthesis of selenoproteins including GPx and TrxR and by reducing concentrations of IL-1 and NO in vitro by modulating Nrf2 and NF-kappaB signaling pathways.	Vitamin A	37-39	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Bos taurus	218-222
29669072-8	2018	Together, these results suggest that VA promotes antioxidant functions of BMECs by regulating the synthesis of selenoproteins including GPx and TrxR and by reducing concentrations of IL-1 and NO in vitro by modulating Nrf2 and NF-kappaB signaling pathways.	Vitamin A	37-39	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	227-236
29642915-11	2018	The RBP4 action is depend on its associated ligand vitamin A/retinol acid (RA) and possibly involves similar pathways as for conferring insulin resistance.	Vitamin A	51-60	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	4-8
29642030-5	2018	We illustrate the method by characterizing structure and dynamics of the integral membrane receptor STRA6, thus providing insights into the mechanisms by which it interacts with retinol binding protein and translocates retinol across the membrane.	Vitamin A	178-185	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	100-105
29642030-5	2018	We illustrate the method by characterizing structure and dynamics of the integral membrane receptor STRA6, thus providing insights into the mechanisms by which it interacts with retinol binding protein and translocates retinol across the membrane.	Vitamin A	219-226	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	100-105
29414511-3	2018	This paper reports the high resolution three-dimensional structures of human RBP4 naturally lacking bound retinol purified from plasma, urine and amniotic fluid.	Vitamin A	106-113	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	77-81
29414511-5	2018	In addition we also report the 1.5 A resolution structures of human holo-RBP4 and of the protein saturated with palmitic and lauric acid and discuss the interaction of the fatty acids and retinol with the protein.	Vitamin A	188-195	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	73-77
29243365-4	2018	C57BL/6 mice were treated with carbon tetrachloride for 4 weeks and concurrently given SREBP2-siRNA- or anti-miR-33a-bearing vitamin A-coupled liposomes.	Vitamin A	125-134	microRNA 33a	Homo sapiens	109-116
29243365-7	2018	Notably, in a mouse liver fibrosis model, reduction of FC accumulation, specifically in activated HSCs by suppression of SREBP2 or miR-33a expression using SREBP2-siRNA- or anti-miR-33a-bearing vitamin A-coupled liposomes, downregulated TLR4 signaling, increased Bambi expression, and consequently ameliorated liver fibrosis.	Vitamin A	194-203	microRNA 33a	Homo sapiens	178-185
30209431-7	2018	Studies also demonstrate high bioavailability of limiting nutrients, such as vitamin A, iron, zinc and fatty acids in the ASF matrix, ensuring efficient absorption and metabolism.	Vitamin A	77-86	arylsulfatase F	Homo sapiens	122-125
29363541-0	2018	Vitamin A-coupled liposomes containing siRNA against HSP47 ameliorate skin fibrosis in chronic graft-versus-host disease.	Vitamin A	0-9	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade H, member 1	Mus musculus	53-58
29363541-6	2018	Vitamin A-coupled liposomes carrying HSP47 small interfering RNA (siRNA) (VA-lip HSP47) delivered HSP47 siRNA to cells expressing vitamin A receptors and knocked down their HSP47 in vitro.	Vitamin A	0-9	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade H, member 1	Mus musculus	37-42
29363541-6	2018	Vitamin A-coupled liposomes carrying HSP47 small interfering RNA (siRNA) (VA-lip HSP47) delivered HSP47 siRNA to cells expressing vitamin A receptors and knocked down their HSP47 in vitro.	Vitamin A	0-9	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade H, member 1	Mus musculus	81-86
29363541-6	2018	Vitamin A-coupled liposomes carrying HSP47 small interfering RNA (siRNA) (VA-lip HSP47) delivered HSP47 siRNA to cells expressing vitamin A receptors and knocked down their HSP47 in vitro.	Vitamin A	0-9	serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade H, member 1	Mus musculus	81-86
29900277-0	2018	High resolution crystal structure data of human plasma retinol-binding protein (RBP4) bound to retinol and fatty acids.	Vitamin A	55-62	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	80-84
29900277-1	2018	Retinol is transported in vertebrate plasma bound to a protein called retinol-binding protein (RBP4) so far believed to be specific for the vitamin.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	95-99
29900277-3	2018	The X-ray structures of human RBP4, holo and devoid of retinol in its binding site are known to resolutions of 2.0 and 2.5 A (Cowan et al., 1990; Zanotti et al., 1993) [2], [3].	Vitamin A	55-62	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	30-34
29900277-4	2018	We have shown that RBP4 is not specific for retinol but it is also found in plasma, urine and amniotic fluid bound to fatty acids.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	19-23
29558965-2	2018	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) acts as the mediator for the systemic and intercellular transport of retinol and is heavily involved in cellular retinol influx, efflux, and exchange.	Vitamin A	102-109	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-25
29558965-2	2018	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) acts as the mediator for the systemic and intercellular transport of retinol and is heavily involved in cellular retinol influx, efflux, and exchange.	Vitamin A	102-109	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	27-31
29558965-2	2018	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) acts as the mediator for the systemic and intercellular transport of retinol and is heavily involved in cellular retinol influx, efflux, and exchange.	Vitamin A	146-153	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-25
29558965-2	2018	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) acts as the mediator for the systemic and intercellular transport of retinol and is heavily involved in cellular retinol influx, efflux, and exchange.	Vitamin A	146-153	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	27-31
28714319-3	2018	The CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg) treated rats exhibited significant reductions in serum vitamin A (VA), vitamin E (VE) and total antioxidant status (TAS).	Vitamin A	76-85	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
29483908-12	2018	Expression of the tissue homing-associated markers alpha4beta7 and CCR9 or CCR10 on lymphocytes can be influenced by vitamin A and vitamin D3, respectively.	Vitamin A	117-126	C-C motif chemokine receptor 9	Bos taurus	67-71
29483908-12	2018	Expression of the tissue homing-associated markers alpha4beta7 and CCR9 or CCR10 on lymphocytes can be influenced by vitamin A and vitamin D3, respectively.	Vitamin A	117-126	C-C motif chemokine receptor 10	Bos taurus	75-80
29309806-5	2018	Loss of megalin/cubilin was correlated with low eGFR and high urine retinol binding protein at the time of biopsy, low eGFR at last follow-up, and was more severe in patients with multifactorial toxicity.	Vitamin A	68-75	LDL receptor related protein 2	Homo sapiens	8-15
29309806-5	2018	Loss of megalin/cubilin was correlated with low eGFR and high urine retinol binding protein at the time of biopsy, low eGFR at last follow-up, and was more severe in patients with multifactorial toxicity.	Vitamin A	68-75	cubilin	Homo sapiens	16-23
29309806-8	2018	In conclusion, altered megalin/cubilin expression represents a distinctive feature in tenofovir-induced tubulopathy, and its severity is correlated with urine retinol binding protein loss and is associated with a poor renal prognosis.	Vitamin A	159-166	LDL receptor related protein 2	Homo sapiens	23-30
29495330-6	2018	(3) Results: Generally, serum individual and total carotenoids were significantly and inversely associated with retinol-adjusted RBP4, RBP4, hsCRP, MCP1, and TNF-alpha levels.	Vitamin A	112-119	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	129-133
29495330-6	2018	(3) Results: Generally, serum individual and total carotenoids were significantly and inversely associated with retinol-adjusted RBP4, RBP4, hsCRP, MCP1, and TNF-alpha levels.	Vitamin A	112-119	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	158-167
29495330-9	2018	Among the individual carotenoids, those with the most predominant association were lutein-zeaxanthin and total carotenoids for retinol-adjusted RBP4 and RBP4, alpha- and beta-carotene for hsCRP, and alpha-carotene for MCP1 and TNF-alpha.	Vitamin A	127-134	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	144-148
28730424-7	2018	After retinol stimulation, the concentration of IL-17 and IFN-gamma increased significantly in both groups.	Vitamin A	6-13	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	48-53
28730424-7	2018	After retinol stimulation, the concentration of IL-17 and IFN-gamma increased significantly in both groups.	Vitamin A	6-13	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	58-67
29410696-0	2018	The interaction of selenoprotein F (SELENOF) with retinol dehydrogenase 11 (RDH11) implied a role of SELENOF in vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	112-121	selenoprotein F	Homo sapiens	19-34
29410696-0	2018	The interaction of selenoprotein F (SELENOF) with retinol dehydrogenase 11 (RDH11) implied a role of SELENOF in vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	112-121	selenoprotein F	Homo sapiens	36-43
29410696-0	2018	The interaction of selenoprotein F (SELENOF) with retinol dehydrogenase 11 (RDH11) implied a role of SELENOF in vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	112-121	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Homo sapiens	50-74
29410696-0	2018	The interaction of selenoprotein F (SELENOF) with retinol dehydrogenase 11 (RDH11) implied a role of SELENOF in vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	112-121	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Homo sapiens	76-81
29410696-0	2018	The interaction of selenoprotein F (SELENOF) with retinol dehydrogenase 11 (RDH11) implied a role of SELENOF in vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	112-121	selenoprotein F	Homo sapiens	101-108
29410696-7	2018	RDH11 is an enzyme for the reduction of all-trans-retinaldehyde to all-trans-retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	67-84	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Homo sapiens	0-5
29410696-7	2018	RDH11 is an enzyme for the reduction of all-trans-retinaldehyde to all-trans-retinol (vitamin A).	Vitamin A	86-95	retinol dehydrogenase 11	Homo sapiens	0-5
29410696-8	2018	The production of retinol was decreased by SELENOF overexpression, resulting in more retinaldehyde.	Vitamin A	18-25	selenoprotein F	Homo sapiens	43-50
29361084-0	2018	Lactobacillus brevis KB290 With Vitamin A Ameliorates Murine Intestinal Inflammation Associated With the Increase of CD11c+ Macrophage/CD103- Dendritic Cell Ratio.	Vitamin A	32-41	integrin subunit alpha X	Homo sapiens	117-122
29361084-0	2018	Lactobacillus brevis KB290 With Vitamin A Ameliorates Murine Intestinal Inflammation Associated With the Increase of CD11c+ Macrophage/CD103- Dendritic Cell Ratio.	Vitamin A	32-41	integrin subunit alpha E	Homo sapiens	135-140
29361084-7	2018	Supplementation of KB290 with VA increased the CD11c+ MP/CD103- DC ratio in healthy mouse and prevented the disruption of the ratio during colitis.	Vitamin A	30-32	integrin subunit alpha X	Homo sapiens	47-52
29361084-7	2018	Supplementation of KB290 with VA increased the CD11c+ MP/CD103- DC ratio in healthy mouse and prevented the disruption of the ratio during colitis.	Vitamin A	30-32	integrin subunit alpha E	Homo sapiens	57-62
29361084-11	2018	Conclusions: Supplementation of KB290 with VA increases the colonic CD11c+ MP/CD103- DC ratio associated with the amelioration of murine colitis, suggesting a possible way to control intestinal inflammation by LAB.	Vitamin A	43-45	integrin subunit alpha X	Homo sapiens	68-73
29361084-11	2018	Conclusions: Supplementation of KB290 with VA increases the colonic CD11c+ MP/CD103- DC ratio associated with the amelioration of murine colitis, suggesting a possible way to control intestinal inflammation by LAB.	Vitamin A	43-45	integrin subunit alpha E	Homo sapiens	78-83
29237779-12	2018	During nephritis, the altered activity of metabolic pathways, such as retinol metabolism, occurs downstream of ERalpha activation and is essential for the progression to end-stage renal failure.	Vitamin A	70-77	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	111-118
29377934-4	2018	The aim of the study was to assess if the retinol status between healthy women eating spirulina Dihe daily (SPI+) and not (SPI-) in the Chad Lake area was different.	Vitamin A	42-49	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	108-111
29377934-9	2018	The serum retinol and beta-carotene concentrations were significantly higher in SPI+ than in SPI- at 1.26 +- 0.36 mumol/l versus 1.03 +- 0.31 mumol/l (p = 0.008) and 0.59 +-0.37 mumol/l versus 0.46+- 0.31 mumol/l (p = 0.04), respectively.	Vitamin A	10-17	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	80-83
29377934-9	2018	The serum retinol and beta-carotene concentrations were significantly higher in SPI+ than in SPI- at 1.26 +- 0.36 mumol/l versus 1.03 +- 0.31 mumol/l (p = 0.008) and 0.59 +-0.37 mumol/l versus 0.46+- 0.31 mumol/l (p = 0.04), respectively.	Vitamin A	10-17	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	93-96
29377934-10	2018	Seventy-seven percent of SPI+ versus 29% of SPI- had an adequate blood retinol value (p = 0.01).	Vitamin A	71-78	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	25-28
29377934-10	2018	Seventy-seven percent of SPI+ versus 29% of SPI- had an adequate blood retinol value (p = 0.01).	Vitamin A	71-78	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	44-47
32139914-2	2018	Research on biofortified orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) has shown that the crop improves the vitamin A status of children who consume as little as 100 grams per day, and intensive promotion strategies improve dietary intakes of vitamin A in field experiments.	Vitamin A	97-106	LUC7 like 3 pre-mRNA splicing factor	Homo sapiens	79-83
29165226-0	2018	Comparability of Inflammation-Adjusted Vitamin A Deficiency Estimates and Variance in Retinol Explained by C-Reactive Protein and alpha1-Acid Glycoprotein during Low and High Malaria Transmission Seasons in Rural Zambian Children.	Vitamin A	86-93	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	107-125
28867091-5	2018	Fat is found to be synergistic for vitamin A absorption.	Vitamin A	35-44	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
29311590-0	2018	Vitamin A and E Nutritional Status in Relation to Leptin, Adiponectin, IGF-I and IGF-II in Early Life - a Birth Cohort Study.	Vitamin A	0-9	leptin	Homo sapiens	50-56
29311590-0	2018	Vitamin A and E Nutritional Status in Relation to Leptin, Adiponectin, IGF-I and IGF-II in Early Life - a Birth Cohort Study.	Vitamin A	0-9	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	58-69
29311590-0	2018	Vitamin A and E Nutritional Status in Relation to Leptin, Adiponectin, IGF-I and IGF-II in Early Life - a Birth Cohort Study.	Vitamin A	0-9	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
29311590-0	2018	Vitamin A and E Nutritional Status in Relation to Leptin, Adiponectin, IGF-I and IGF-II in Early Life - a Birth Cohort Study.	Vitamin A	0-9	insulin like growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	81-87
29311590-5	2018	Cord plasma retinol was significantly positively correlated to IGF-I in girls (r = 0.42, P &lt; 0.0001) but not in boys (r = 0.14, P = 0.11).	Vitamin A	12-19	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	63-68
29311590-6	2018	Adjusting for maternal and newborn"s characteristics, one log unit increase in cord plasma retinol was associated with a 28.0% (95% CI: 11.1-47.5%) increase in IGF-I in girls (P &lt; 0.001) but not in boys (P = 0.75).	Vitamin A	91-98	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	160-165
29311590-8	2018	There may be a sex-specific association between retinol and IGF-I, a negative association between alpha-tocopherol and adiponectin, and a negative association between gamma-tocopherol and leptin in early life in humans.	Vitamin A	48-55	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
29513101-0	2018	RIP140/PGC-1alpha axis involved in vitamin A-induced neural differentiation by increasing mitochondrial function.	Vitamin A	35-44	nuclear receptor interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
29513101-0	2018	RIP140/PGC-1alpha axis involved in vitamin A-induced neural differentiation by increasing mitochondrial function.	Vitamin A	35-44	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	7-17
29513101-3	2018	The aim of this study was to investigate the roles and underlying mechanisms of RIP140/PGC-1alpha axis in vitamin A-induced neural differentiation.	Vitamin A	106-115	nuclear receptor interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	80-86
29513101-3	2018	The aim of this study was to investigate the roles and underlying mechanisms of RIP140/PGC-1alpha axis in vitamin A-induced neural differentiation.	Vitamin A	106-115	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	87-97
29513101-9	2018	The RIP140/PGC-1alpha axis is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function in vitamin A derivative-induced neural differentiation.	Vitamin A	86-95	nuclear receptor interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	4-10
29513101-9	2018	The RIP140/PGC-1alpha axis is involved in the regulation of mitochondrial function in vitamin A derivative-induced neural differentiation.	Vitamin A	86-95	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	11-21
29607936-1	2018	Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric beta-sheet-rich protein that is important in the plasma transport of thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	119-126	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
29607936-1	2018	Transthyretin (TTR) is a tetrameric beta-sheet-rich protein that is important in the plasma transport of thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	119-126	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
28342908-10	2018	Indeed, TLR4 conditioned the in vivo mobilization to mesenteric lymph nodes of intestinal migratory CD103+ DCs carrying oral DNFB, especially the CD103+CD11b+ DC subset expressing the vitamin A-converting enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase and specialized in forkhead box p3-positive regulatory T-cell conversion.	Vitamin A	184-193	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	8-12
28342908-10	2018	Indeed, TLR4 conditioned the in vivo mobilization to mesenteric lymph nodes of intestinal migratory CD103+ DCs carrying oral DNFB, especially the CD103+CD11b+ DC subset expressing the vitamin A-converting enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase and specialized in forkhead box p3-positive regulatory T-cell conversion.	Vitamin A	184-193	integrin alpha E, epithelial-associated	Mus musculus	146-151
28342908-10	2018	Indeed, TLR4 conditioned the in vivo mobilization to mesenteric lymph nodes of intestinal migratory CD103+ DCs carrying oral DNFB, especially the CD103+CD11b+ DC subset expressing the vitamin A-converting enzyme retinaldehyde dehydrogenase and specialized in forkhead box p3-positive regulatory T-cell conversion.	Vitamin A	184-193	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	152-157
29286303-11	2017	Interestingly, PNPLA3 harbors retinyl ester hydrolase activity and PNPLA3-I148M is associated with low serum retinol level, but enhanced retinyl esters in the liver of NAFLD patients.	Vitamin A	109-116	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	67-73
29109151-0	2017	Peropsin modulates transit of vitamin A from retina to retinal pigment epithelium.	Vitamin A	30-39	retinal pigment epithelium derived rhodopsin homolog	Mus musculus	0-8
29109151-8	2017	Biochemically, Rrh-/- mice had ~2-fold higher vitamin A (all-trans-retinol (all-trans-ROL)) in the neural retina following a photobleach and 5-fold lower retinyl esters in the RPE.	Vitamin A	46-55	retinal pigment epithelium derived rhodopsin homolog	Mus musculus	15-18
29109151-8	2017	Biochemically, Rrh-/- mice had ~2-fold higher vitamin A (all-trans-retinol (all-trans-ROL)) in the neural retina following a photobleach and 5-fold lower retinyl esters in the RPE.	Vitamin A	57-74	retinal pigment epithelium derived rhodopsin homolog	Mus musculus	15-18
29578859-1	2018	PURPOSE: To develop and characterize vitamin A (VA)-coupled liposomes for the targeted delivery of BMP4-siRNA to hepatic stellate cells (HSC).	Vitamin A	37-46	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Homo sapiens	99-103
29578859-1	2018	PURPOSE: To develop and characterize vitamin A (VA)-coupled liposomes for the targeted delivery of BMP4-siRNA to hepatic stellate cells (HSC).	Vitamin A	48-50	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Homo sapiens	99-103
29067566-7	2018	At its optimal values (&gt;30 ng/ml), vitamin D requires vitamin A for the binding to the vitamin D receptor and exert its anti-inflammatory action.	Vitamin A	57-66	vitamin D receptor	Homo sapiens	90-108
29129231-11	2018	CONCLUSION: Women who consumed a healthier diet including vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin C, and folate and low-fat milk were at decreased risk for developing BrCa compared with those whose diet included more high fat and lamb meat.	Vitamin A	58-67	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	161-165
29109151-9	2017	This phenotype was similar to those reported in mice that lack interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) or cellular retinol-binding protein, suggesting that peropsin plays a role in the movement of all-trans-ROL from photoreceptors to the RPE.	Vitamin A	126-133	retinal pigment epithelium derived rhodopsin homolog	Mus musculus	167-175
29226076-1	2017	Transthyretin (TTR) is a transporter for thyroid hormone (TH) and retinol, the latter via binding with retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	66-73	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
30559614-7	2018	Children with vitamin A deficiency had slightly lower height (P = 0.09) and weight mean percentiles, lymphocyte proliferative responses, and IL-2 activity (P &gt; 0.1), but higher means of C-reactive protein (P = 0.05), pain crisis episodes and inflammation (P = 0.1), and health scores (P &gt; 0.1) than children who were not vitamin A-deficient.	Vitamin A	14-23	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	141-145
30559614-7	2018	Children with vitamin A deficiency had slightly lower height (P = 0.09) and weight mean percentiles, lymphocyte proliferative responses, and IL-2 activity (P &gt; 0.1), but higher means of C-reactive protein (P = 0.05), pain crisis episodes and inflammation (P = 0.1), and health scores (P &gt; 0.1) than children who were not vitamin A-deficient.	Vitamin A	14-23	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	189-207
29073636-8	2017	In contrast, leiomyomas of the MED12 subtype displayed reduced levels of vitamin A, multiple membrane lipids and amino acids, and dysregulation of vitamin C metabolism, a finding which was also compatible with gene expression data.	Vitamin A	73-82	mediator complex subunit 12	Homo sapiens	31-36
28786105-1	2017	BACKGROUND: 13-Cis retinoic acid (13-CRA) is a synthetic vitamin A derivative.	Vitamin A	57-66	myotubularin related protein 11	Homo sapiens	37-40
28762645-15	2017	AHA-Ret induced less Erythema vs retinol and was more tolerable vs retinol and tretinoin.	Vitamin A	33-40	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	4-7
28762645-15	2017	AHA-Ret induced less Erythema vs retinol and was more tolerable vs retinol and tretinoin.	Vitamin A	67-74	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	4-7
28981191-15	2017	They also reveal an additional non-genomic role for RARalpha in platelets that may have implications for the vitamin A-dependent signaling in humans.	Vitamin A	109-118	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	52-60
29234288-4	2017	Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a small secreted transport protein that binds to fatty acids, phospholipids, steroids, retinol, and pheromones.	Vitamin A	109-116	lipocalin 2	Mus musculus	0-11
29234288-4	2017	Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is a small secreted transport protein that binds to fatty acids, phospholipids, steroids, retinol, and pheromones.	Vitamin A	109-116	lipocalin 2	Mus musculus	13-17
28972139-0	2017	Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein removes all-trans-retinol and retinal from rod outer segments, preventing lipofuscin precursor formation.	Vitamin A	62-69	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	0-43
28972139-3	2017	Following its release, all-trans-retinal is reduced by the retinol dehydrogenase RDH8 to all-trans-retinol in an NADPH-dependent reaction.	Vitamin A	89-106	retinol dehydrogenase 8	Mus musculus	81-85
28972139-6	2017	We found that IRBP removes all-trans-retinol from individual rod photoreceptors in a concentration-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	31-44	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	14-18
28972139-7	2017	The rate constant for retinol removal increased linearly with IRBP concentration with a slope of 0.012 min-1 mum-1 IRBP also removed all-trans-retinal, but with much less efficacy, indicating that the reduction of retinal to retinol promotes faster clearance of the photoisomerized rhodopsin chromophore.	Vitamin A	22-29	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	62-66
28972139-7	2017	The rate constant for retinol removal increased linearly with IRBP concentration with a slope of 0.012 min-1 mum-1 IRBP also removed all-trans-retinal, but with much less efficacy, indicating that the reduction of retinal to retinol promotes faster clearance of the photoisomerized rhodopsin chromophore.	Vitamin A	22-29	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	115-119
28972139-7	2017	The rate constant for retinol removal increased linearly with IRBP concentration with a slope of 0.012 min-1 mum-1 IRBP also removed all-trans-retinal, but with much less efficacy, indicating that the reduction of retinal to retinol promotes faster clearance of the photoisomerized rhodopsin chromophore.	Vitamin A	22-29	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	282-291
28972139-8	2017	The presence of physiological IRBP concentrations in the extracellular medium resulted in lower levels of all-trans-retinal and retinol in rod outer segments following light exposure.	Vitamin A	128-135	retinol binding protein 3, interstitial	Mus musculus	30-34
29226076-1	2017	Transthyretin (TTR) is a transporter for thyroid hormone (TH) and retinol, the latter via binding with retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	103-126
29226076-1	2017	Transthyretin (TTR) is a transporter for thyroid hormone (TH) and retinol, the latter via binding with retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	128-131
29095919-3	2017	The aldehyde dehydrogenase Raldh1 (Aldh1a1) functions as one of three enzymes that converts the retinol metabolite retinal into RA, and one of many proteins that contribute to RA homeostasis.	Vitamin A	96-103	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	27-33
29095919-3	2017	The aldehyde dehydrogenase Raldh1 (Aldh1a1) functions as one of three enzymes that converts the retinol metabolite retinal into RA, and one of many proteins that contribute to RA homeostasis.	Vitamin A	96-103	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	35-42
28742973-8	2017	VA caused liver lipid peroxidation and protein damage in exercised rats and inhibited the increase in HSP70 expression acquired with exercise alone.	Vitamin A	0-2	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	102-107
28927883-1	2017	Retinol saturase (RetSat) catalyzes the saturation of double bonds of all-trans-retinol leading to the production of dihydroretinoid metabolites.	Vitamin A	74-87	retinol saturase (all trans retinol 13,14 reductase)	Mus musculus	0-16
28927883-1	2017	Retinol saturase (RetSat) catalyzes the saturation of double bonds of all-trans-retinol leading to the production of dihydroretinoid metabolites.	Vitamin A	74-87	retinol saturase (all trans retinol 13,14 reductase)	Mus musculus	18-24
28370539-1	2017	Retinoids, natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, induce cellular changes by activating nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR).	Vitamin A	48-57	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	130-133
28370539-1	2017	Retinoids, natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, induce cellular changes by activating nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR).	Vitamin A	48-57	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	139-159
28370539-1	2017	Retinoids, natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, induce cellular changes by activating nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR).	Vitamin A	48-57	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	161-164
28688921-0	2017	Plasma Retinol Concentration Is Mainly Driven by Transthyretin in Hemodialysis Patients.	Vitamin A	7-14	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	49-62
29068287-1	2017	All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the most biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, is known to activate p14 expression via promoter hypermethylation to induce p53-dependent apoptosis in human hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	75-84	ribonuclease P/MRP subunit p14	Homo sapiens	107-110
29068287-1	2017	All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the most biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, is known to activate p14 expression via promoter hypermethylation to induce p53-dependent apoptosis in human hepatocytes.	Vitamin A	75-84	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	162-165
28688921-7	2017	MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Plasma concentration of lipophilic micronutrients retinol and its two co-transporters transthyretin and retinol-binding protein 4, tocopherol, and carotenoids (alpha-carotene and beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin), and all factors associated with 1-year mortality.	Vitamin A	72-79	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	108-121
28688921-7	2017	MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Plasma concentration of lipophilic micronutrients retinol and its two co-transporters transthyretin and retinol-binding protein 4, tocopherol, and carotenoids (alpha-carotene and beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin), and all factors associated with 1-year mortality.	Vitamin A	72-79	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	126-151
28688921-12	2017	Nevertheless, the correlation between retinol and mortality disappeared as soon as transthyretin was added in the statistical model, suggesting an effect of transthyretin as confusing bias.	Vitamin A	38-45	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	83-96
28688921-12	2017	Nevertheless, the correlation between retinol and mortality disappeared as soon as transthyretin was added in the statistical model, suggesting an effect of transthyretin as confusing bias.	Vitamin A	38-45	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	157-170
28327618-5	2017	HIC1 expression is regulated by the Vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid, as mice raised on a Vitamin A-deficient diet lack HIC1-positive cells in the intestine.	Vitamin A	36-45	hypermethylated in cancer 1	Mus musculus	0-4
28327618-5	2017	HIC1 expression is regulated by the Vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid, as mice raised on a Vitamin A-deficient diet lack HIC1-positive cells in the intestine.	Vitamin A	36-45	hypermethylated in cancer 1	Mus musculus	122-126
28327618-5	2017	HIC1 expression is regulated by the Vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid, as mice raised on a Vitamin A-deficient diet lack HIC1-positive cells in the intestine.	Vitamin A	92-101	hypermethylated in cancer 1	Mus musculus	0-4
28327618-5	2017	HIC1 expression is regulated by the Vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid, as mice raised on a Vitamin A-deficient diet lack HIC1-positive cells in the intestine.	Vitamin A	92-101	hypermethylated in cancer 1	Mus musculus	122-126
28651670-0	2017	Alterations in vitamin A/retinoic acid homeostasis in diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance.	Vitamin A	15-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
28651670-5	2017	Finally, we will examine how pharmacological or genetic alterations in vitamin A homeostasis and RA-signalling can influence body fat and blood glucose levels including a novel link to the liver secreted hormone fibroblast growth factor 21, an important metabolic regulator.	Vitamin A	71-80	fibroblast growth factor 21	Homo sapiens	212-239
29073082-4	2017	We report here that the intestine-specific homeobox protein ISX is critical to control the metabolic flow of beta-carotene through this important branching point of vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	165-174	intestine specific homeobox	Mus musculus	60-63
29073082-10	2017	Thus, our study identifies an important molecular interlink between diet and immunity and indicates that vitamin A homeostasis must be tightly controlled by ISX to maintain immunity and tolerance at the intestinal barrier.	Vitamin A	105-114	intestine specific homeobox	Mus musculus	157-160
28687611-0	2017	Vitamin A regulates Akt signaling through the phospholipid fatty acid composition.	Vitamin A	0-9	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	20-23
28874556-6	2017	In the present study, we show that RPE65, the isomerohydrolase enzyme of the vertebrate visual cycle that catalyzes the isomerization of all-trans-retinyl esters to 11-cis-retinol, is also the isomerase enzyme responsible for the production of meso-zeaxanthin in vertebrates.	Vitamin A	165-179	RPE65, retinoid isomerohydrolase	Gallus gallus	35-40
28774484-0	2017	Cardiovascular disease risk associated with serum apolipoprotein B is modified by serum vitamin A.	Vitamin A	88-97	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	50-66
27793605-3	2017	It is well established that retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10, SDR16C4), which belongs to the 16C family of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily of proteins, is the major enzyme responsible for the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde for RA biosynthesis during embryogenesis.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	54-59
27793605-3	2017	It is well established that retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10, SDR16C4), which belongs to the 16C family of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily of proteins, is the major enzyme responsible for the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde for RA biosynthesis during embryogenesis.	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	61-68
27793605-7	2017	Previously, we showed that the single ortholog of the human RDHE2 and RDHE2S in frogs, Xenopus laevis rdhe2, oxidizes retinol to retinaldehyde and is essential for frog embryonic development.	Vitamin A	118-125	short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C member 5	Homo sapiens	60-65
27793605-7	2017	Previously, we showed that the single ortholog of the human RDHE2 and RDHE2S in frogs, Xenopus laevis rdhe2, oxidizes retinol to retinaldehyde and is essential for frog embryonic development.	Vitamin A	118-125	short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 16C member 5 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	102-107
28790015-4	2017	We analysed corticogenesis in Rdh10 null mutants, in which an RA deficiency is generated as the intracellular retinol to retinaldehyde conversion is abolished.	Vitamin A	110-117	retinol dehydrogenase 10 (all-trans)	Mus musculus	30-35
29176573-3	2017	In the eye, uptake of RBP4-retinol is mediated by the receptor Stra6, whereas the receptor mediating RBP4 binding and retinol transport into the liver has just recently been discovered.	Vitamin A	27-34	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	22-26
29176573-3	2017	In the eye, uptake of RBP4-retinol is mediated by the receptor Stra6, whereas the receptor mediating RBP4 binding and retinol transport into the liver has just recently been discovered.	Vitamin A	27-34	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Danio rerio	63-68
29176573-4	2017	Here we examined the role of zebrafish retinol binding protein receptor 2 (Rbpr2) for RBP4-retinol uptake in developing embryos, using eye development and vision as sensitive readouts.	Vitamin A	39-46	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	86-90
29176573-5	2017	In cultured cells, Rbpr2 localized to membranes and promoted RBP4-retinol uptake.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	61-65
29176573-9	2017	Together, these results demonstrate that Rbpr2-mediated RBP4-retinol uptake in developing liver and intestine is necessary to provide sufficient substrate for ocular retinoid production required for photoreceptor cell maintenance and visual function.	Vitamin A	61-68	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	56-60
28973009-5	2017	The TLR9-mediated survival is enhanced by the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid (RA).	Vitamin A	46-55	toll like receptor 9	Homo sapiens	4-8
30014866-2	2017	To tackle this situation the National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India, launched (after field-testing) massive dose based national vitamin A (Vit-A) prophylaxis program.	Vitamin A	145-154	vitrin	Homo sapiens	156-159
28687611-3	2017	A screening campaign revealed retinol (vitamin A alcohol) and all-trans retinoic acid (vitamin A acid) (RA) as hits that time-dependently (&gt;=24 h) deplete phosphatidylcholine-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA-PCs) from NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts while inducing Akt activation (EC50   0.1-1 microM).	Vitamin A	30-37	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	269-272
28687611-1	2017	Protein kinases, including the serine/threonine kinase Akt, mediate manifold bioactivities of vitamin A, although the mechanisms behind the sustained kinase activation are diffuse.	Vitamin A	94-103	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	55-58
28687611-3	2017	A screening campaign revealed retinol (vitamin A alcohol) and all-trans retinoic acid (vitamin A acid) (RA) as hits that time-dependently (&gt;=24 h) deplete phosphatidylcholine-bound polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA-PCs) from NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblasts while inducing Akt activation (EC50   0.1-1 microM).	Vitamin A	39-48	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	269-272
28687611-7	2017	Treatment of mice with retinol decreased the tissue ratio of PUFA-PC and enhanced basal Akt activation preferentially in brain, which was attributed to astrocytes in dissociated cortical cultures.	Vitamin A	23-30	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	88-91
28687611-9	2017	Vitamin A regulates Akt signaling through the phospholipid fatty acid composition.	Vitamin A	0-9	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	20-23
28497345-4	2017	Here we investigate the role of retinol supplementation to human neuron-derived SH-SY5Y cells over RS production and biochemical markers associated to neurodegenerative diseases expressed at neuronal level in Parkinson"s disease and Alzheimer"s disease: alpha-synuclein, beta-amyloid peptide, tau phosphorylation and RAGE.	Vitamin A	32-39	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	254-269
28497345-4	2017	Here we investigate the role of retinol supplementation to human neuron-derived SH-SY5Y cells over RS production and biochemical markers associated to neurodegenerative diseases expressed at neuronal level in Parkinson"s disease and Alzheimer"s disease: alpha-synuclein, beta-amyloid peptide, tau phosphorylation and RAGE.	Vitamin A	32-39	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	271-291
28497345-4	2017	Here we investigate the role of retinol supplementation to human neuron-derived SH-SY5Y cells over RS production and biochemical markers associated to neurodegenerative diseases expressed at neuronal level in Parkinson"s disease and Alzheimer"s disease: alpha-synuclein, beta-amyloid peptide, tau phosphorylation and RAGE.	Vitamin A	32-39	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	317-321
28497345-7	2017	Furthermore, retinol (10 microM) increased the levels of alpha-synuclein, tau phosphorylation at Ser396, beta-amyloid peptide and RAGE.	Vitamin A	13-20	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	57-72
28497345-7	2017	Furthermore, retinol (10 microM) increased the levels of alpha-synuclein, tau phosphorylation at Ser396, beta-amyloid peptide and RAGE.	Vitamin A	13-20	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	105-125
28497345-7	2017	Furthermore, retinol (10 microM) increased the levels of alpha-synuclein, tau phosphorylation at Ser396, beta-amyloid peptide and RAGE.	Vitamin A	13-20	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	130-134
28733465-5	2017	The retinol-RBP4 complex (holo-RBP) can be recognized by a cell-surface receptor known as stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6), which transports retinol into cells.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-16
28955252-5	2017	After the transcriptomes of pigmented and unpigmented adductor muscles and mantles were studied by RNAseq and compared, it was found that the retinol metabolism pathway were likely to be involved in melanin deposition on the adductor muscle scar and the outer surface of the shell, and that the different members of the tyrosinase or Cytochrome P450 gene families could play a role in the independent pigmentation of different organs.	Vitamin A	142-149	tyrosinase	Crassostrea gigas	320-330
28733465-5	2017	The retinol-RBP4 complex (holo-RBP) can be recognized by a cell-surface receptor known as stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6), which transports retinol into cells.	Vitamin A	4-11	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-15
28733465-5	2017	The retinol-RBP4 complex (holo-RBP) can be recognized by a cell-surface receptor known as stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6), which transports retinol into cells.	Vitamin A	4-11	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	121-126
28733465-5	2017	The retinol-RBP4 complex (holo-RBP) can be recognized by a cell-surface receptor known as stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6), which transports retinol into cells.	Vitamin A	146-153	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-16
28733465-5	2017	The retinol-RBP4 complex (holo-RBP) can be recognized by a cell-surface receptor known as stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6), which transports retinol into cells.	Vitamin A	146-153	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	12-15
28733465-5	2017	The retinol-RBP4 complex (holo-RBP) can be recognized by a cell-surface receptor known as stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6), which transports retinol into cells.	Vitamin A	146-153	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	121-126
28733465-6	2017	Coupled to retinol transport, holo-RBP can activate STRA6-driven Janus kinase (JAK) signaling and downstream induction of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) target genes.	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	35-38
28733465-4	2017	RBP4 is synthesized primarily in the liver where it binds retinol and transports it to tissues throughout the body.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
28733465-6	2017	Coupled to retinol transport, holo-RBP can activate STRA6-driven Janus kinase (JAK) signaling and downstream induction of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) target genes.	Vitamin A	11-18	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	52-57
28677722-2	2017	Enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of retinol to generate atRA, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family (ALDH1)A1, ALDH1A2 and ALDH1A3, exhibit complex expression patterns at different stages of renal development.	Vitamin A	39-46	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	108-113
28677722-2	2017	Enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of retinol to generate atRA, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family (ALDH1)A1, ALDH1A2 and ALDH1A3, exhibit complex expression patterns at different stages of renal development.	Vitamin A	39-46	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A2	Homo sapiens	118-125
28677722-2	2017	Enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of retinol to generate atRA, including aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family (ALDH1)A1, ALDH1A2 and ALDH1A3, exhibit complex expression patterns at different stages of renal development.	Vitamin A	39-46	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A3	Homo sapiens	130-137
28381549-11	2017	These data indicate that dominant NRIP1 mutations can cause CAKUT by interference with retinoic acid transcriptional signaling, shedding light on the well documented association between abnormal vitamin A levels and renal malformations in humans, and suggest a possible gene-environment pathomechanism in this disease.	Vitamin A	195-204	nuclear receptor interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
29043214-1	2017	Vitamin A and its metabolites modulate insulin resistance and regulate stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), which are also known to affect insulin resistance.	Vitamin A	0-9	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	71-96
29043214-1	2017	Vitamin A and its metabolites modulate insulin resistance and regulate stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), which are also known to affect insulin resistance.	Vitamin A	0-9	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
29043214-2	2017	Here, we tested, whether vitamin A-mediated changes in insulin resistance markers are associated with SCD1 regulation or not.	Vitamin A	25-34	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
28729426-3	2017	It has been recently reported that GPAT2 expression in mouse testis fluctuates during sexual maturation and that it is regulated by epigenetic mechanisms in combination with vitamin A derivatives.	Vitamin A	174-183	glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 2, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	35-40
28758396-2	2017	A key enzyme in retinoid metabolism is lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), which catalyzes the esterification of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	118-127	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	39-71
28758396-2	2017	A key enzyme in retinoid metabolism is lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), which catalyzes the esterification of vitamin A.	Vitamin A	118-127	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	73-77
28497345-0	2017	Retinol (Vitamin A) Increases alpha-Synuclein, beta-Amyloid Peptide, Tau Phosphorylation and RAGE Content in Human SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cell Line.	Vitamin A	0-7	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	30-45
28497345-0	2017	Retinol (Vitamin A) Increases alpha-Synuclein, beta-Amyloid Peptide, Tau Phosphorylation and RAGE Content in Human SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cell Line.	Vitamin A	0-7	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	47-67
28497345-0	2017	Retinol (Vitamin A) Increases alpha-Synuclein, beta-Amyloid Peptide, Tau Phosphorylation and RAGE Content in Human SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cell Line.	Vitamin A	0-7	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	93-97
28497345-0	2017	Retinol (Vitamin A) Increases alpha-Synuclein, beta-Amyloid Peptide, Tau Phosphorylation and RAGE Content in Human SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cell Line.	Vitamin A	9-18	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	30-45
28497345-0	2017	Retinol (Vitamin A) Increases alpha-Synuclein, beta-Amyloid Peptide, Tau Phosphorylation and RAGE Content in Human SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cell Line.	Vitamin A	9-18	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	47-67
28497345-0	2017	Retinol (Vitamin A) Increases alpha-Synuclein, beta-Amyloid Peptide, Tau Phosphorylation and RAGE Content in Human SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cell Line.	Vitamin A	9-18	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914	Homo sapiens	93-97
28592664-11	2017	However, expression of CRBP1, an intracellular carrier protein for retinol, increased, as did RBP4, a carrier protein for retinol in the blood, which can function in a paracrine manner.	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
28592664-11	2017	However, expression of CRBP1, an intracellular carrier protein for retinol, increased, as did RBP4, a carrier protein for retinol in the blood, which can function in a paracrine manner.	Vitamin A	122-129	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
28592664-11	2017	However, expression of CRBP1, an intracellular carrier protein for retinol, increased, as did RBP4, a carrier protein for retinol in the blood, which can function in a paracrine manner.	Vitamin A	122-129	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	94-98
28701464-0	2017	Human mitochondrial cytochrome P450 27C1 is localized in skin and preferentially desaturates trans-retinol to 3,4-dehydroretinol.	Vitamin A	93-106	cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily C member 1	Homo sapiens	20-40
29156743-1	2017	All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the most biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, is known to induce p14 expression via promoter hypomethylation to activate the p14-MDM2-p53 pathway, which leads to activation of the p53-dependent apoptotic pathway and subsequent induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma cells.	Vitamin A	75-84	ribonuclease P/MRP subunit p14	Homo sapiens	105-108
29156743-1	2017	All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the most biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, is known to induce p14 expression via promoter hypomethylation to activate the p14-MDM2-p53 pathway, which leads to activation of the p53-dependent apoptotic pathway and subsequent induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma cells.	Vitamin A	75-84	ribonuclease P/MRP subunit p14	Homo sapiens	165-168
29156743-1	2017	All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the most biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, is known to induce p14 expression via promoter hypomethylation to activate the p14-MDM2-p53 pathway, which leads to activation of the p53-dependent apoptotic pathway and subsequent induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma cells.	Vitamin A	75-84	MDM2 proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	169-173
29156743-1	2017	All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the most biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, is known to induce p14 expression via promoter hypomethylation to activate the p14-MDM2-p53 pathway, which leads to activation of the p53-dependent apoptotic pathway and subsequent induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma cells.	Vitamin A	75-84	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	174-177
29156743-1	2017	All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the most biologically active metabolite of vitamin A, is known to induce p14 expression via promoter hypomethylation to activate the p14-MDM2-p53 pathway, which leads to activation of the p53-dependent apoptotic pathway and subsequent induction of apoptosis in human hepatoma cells.	Vitamin A	75-84	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	220-223
28689994-1	2017	The transmembrane protein, STRA6, functions as a vitamin A transporter and a cytokine receptor when activated by vitamin A-bound serum retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4).	Vitamin A	49-58	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	27-32
28689994-1	2017	The transmembrane protein, STRA6, functions as a vitamin A transporter and a cytokine receptor when activated by vitamin A-bound serum retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4).	Vitamin A	49-58	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	162-166
28183173-0	2017	Effect of alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) genotype on vitamin A restriction and marbling in Korean native steers.	Vitamin A	55-64	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	36-41
28183173-1	2017	OBJECTIVE: This work was to find the correlation of alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) genotype with vitamin A reduction and carcass traits during the vitamin A restriction period.	Vitamin A	99-108	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	52-76
28183173-1	2017	OBJECTIVE: This work was to find the correlation of alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) genotype with vitamin A reduction and carcass traits during the vitamin A restriction period.	Vitamin A	99-108	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	78-83
28183173-1	2017	OBJECTIVE: This work was to find the correlation of alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) genotype with vitamin A reduction and carcass traits during the vitamin A restriction period.	Vitamin A	149-158	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	52-76
28183173-1	2017	OBJECTIVE: This work was to find the correlation of alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) genotype with vitamin A reduction and carcass traits during the vitamin A restriction period.	Vitamin A	149-158	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	78-83
28183173-6	2017	RESULTS: Serum vitamin A in treatment was reduced to 112.4 IU/dL in steers with TT type of ADH1C, while for steers with TC type the concentration of serum vitamin A was dropped to 79.5 IU/dL (p&lt;0.1) in study 1.	Vitamin A	15-24	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	91-96
28183173-9	2017	CONCLUSION: The interaction between vitamin A restriction and TC type of ADH1C gene could have the potential of increasing the marbling in Korean native steers.	Vitamin A	36-45	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	73-78
28183173-10	2017	These results indicated that steers with TC type of the ADH1C gene were more sensitive to the change of serum vitamin A than TT types.	Vitamin A	110-119	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	56-61
27395328-10	2017	A plant-sourced pattern (beta-carotene, vitamin A, lutein and zeaxanthin) was inversely associated with CRP (p for trend across quartiles 0.005).	Vitamin A	40-49	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	104-107
28745378-4	2017	In vitro, both C3G and PCA preserved the lipid droplets and retinol in primary HSCs, and additionally inhibited the mRNA expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen I, but elevated the level of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and liver X receptors.	Vitamin A	60-67	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1	Mus musculus	15-18
28992291-6	2017	In vivo, vitamin A supplementation prevents obesity, downregulates Gadd45a expression, and reduces GADD45A binding and DNA demethylation in the Zfp423 promoter.	Vitamin A	9-18	growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha	Homo sapiens	67-74
28992291-6	2017	In vivo, vitamin A supplementation prevents obesity, downregulates Gadd45a expression, and reduces GADD45A binding and DNA demethylation in the Zfp423 promoter.	Vitamin A	9-18	growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha	Homo sapiens	99-106
28992291-6	2017	In vivo, vitamin A supplementation prevents obesity, downregulates Gadd45a expression, and reduces GADD45A binding and DNA demethylation in the Zfp423 promoter.	Vitamin A	9-18	zinc finger protein 423	Homo sapiens	144-150
28672005-1	2017	In retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), RPE65 catalyzes the isomerization of all-trans-retinyl fatty acid esters to 11-cis-retinol in the visual cycle and controls the rhodopsin regeneration rate.	Vitamin A	113-127	retinal pigment epithelium 65	Mus musculus	37-42
28103388-6	2017	RESULTS: Treatment of HDFs with retinol or retinyl propionate was unaffected by climbazole but alone, resulted in a significantly (P &lt; 0.01) higher sustained CRABP2 mRNA expression than those treated with retinyl palmitate or vehicle control.	Vitamin A	32-39	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	161-167
28103388-7	2017	In SEs, climbazole combined with either retinol or retinyl propionate boosted retinoid related activity greater than the retinoid only, reflected by a dose-response, downregulation of loricrin (LOR) and induction of keratin 4 (KRT4) proteins.	Vitamin A	40-47	loricrin cornified envelope precursor protein	Homo sapiens	184-192
28103388-7	2017	In SEs, climbazole combined with either retinol or retinyl propionate boosted retinoid related activity greater than the retinoid only, reflected by a dose-response, downregulation of loricrin (LOR) and induction of keratin 4 (KRT4) proteins.	Vitamin A	40-47	loricrin cornified envelope precursor protein	Homo sapiens	194-197
28103388-7	2017	In SEs, climbazole combined with either retinol or retinyl propionate boosted retinoid related activity greater than the retinoid only, reflected by a dose-response, downregulation of loricrin (LOR) and induction of keratin 4 (KRT4) proteins.	Vitamin A	40-47	keratin 4	Homo sapiens	216-225
28732066-1	2017	beta-carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) catalyzes the first step in the conversion of dietary provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	95-104	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	0-30
28732066-1	2017	beta-carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) catalyzes the first step in the conversion of dietary provitamin A carotenoids to vitamin A.	Vitamin A	95-104	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	32-36
28732066-6	2017	Consequently, we investigated if GCs counteract retinoid effects in alveolar epithelial cells by mechanisms involving BCO1-dependent local vitamin A metabolism.	Vitamin A	139-148	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	118-122
28732066-12	2017	Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence that GCs regulate vitamin A (retinoid) signaling via inhibition of bco1 gene expression in a PPARalpha-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	76-85	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	125-129
28732066-12	2017	Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence that GCs regulate vitamin A (retinoid) signaling via inhibition of bco1 gene expression in a PPARalpha-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	76-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	151-160
28672005-1	2017	In retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), RPE65 catalyzes the isomerization of all-trans-retinyl fatty acid esters to 11-cis-retinol in the visual cycle and controls the rhodopsin regeneration rate.	Vitamin A	113-127	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	165-174
28668878-9	2017	Patients with an RBP4 level less than 21.0 mg/l at the time of diagnosis had a 13.5-times higher risk of death due to RCC progression; this risk was up to 7.7-times higher with vitamin A levels under 0.52 mg/l.	Vitamin A	177-186	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	17-21
28528355-0	2017	Increased retinol-free RBP4 contributes to insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus.	Vitamin A	10-17	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
28615251-2	2017	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is often used in population surveys to measure vitamin A status, but its interpretation is challenging in settings where inflammation is common because RBP concentrations decrease during the acute-phase response.Objectives: We aimed to assess the relation between RBP concentrations and inflammation and malaria in preschool children (PSC) (age range: 6-59 mo) and women of reproductive age (WRA) (age range: 15-49 y) and to investigate adjustment algorithms to account for these effects.Design: Cross-sectional data from 8 surveys for PSC (n = 8803) and 4 surveys for WRA (n = 4191) from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project were analyzed individually and combined with the use of a meta-analysis.	Vitamin A	77-86	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
28615251-2	2017	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is often used in population surveys to measure vitamin A status, but its interpretation is challenging in settings where inflammation is common because RBP concentrations decrease during the acute-phase response.Objectives: We aimed to assess the relation between RBP concentrations and inflammation and malaria in preschool children (PSC) (age range: 6-59 mo) and women of reproductive age (WRA) (age range: 15-49 y) and to investigate adjustment algorithms to account for these effects.Design: Cross-sectional data from 8 surveys for PSC (n = 8803) and 4 surveys for WRA (n = 4191) from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project were analyzed individually and combined with the use of a meta-analysis.	Vitamin A	77-86	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	25-28
28169875-8	2017	In multivariable models after adjusting for age, sex, country, treatment arm, previous TB, baseline CD4 count, HIV viral load, body mass index, and C-reactive protein, pretreatment deficiency in vitamin A (adjusted hazard ratio, aHR 5.33, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.54 to 18.43) and vitamin D (aHR 3.66, 95% CI: 1.16 to 11.51) were associated with TB post-ART.	Vitamin A	195-204	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	100-103
27966553-8	2017	Mechanistically, acetate-induced DC expression of Aldh1a2, which converts Vitamin A into its metabolite retinoic acid (RA).	Vitamin A	74-83	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A2	Mus musculus	50-57
28279618-1	2017	OBJECTIVES: Inhibition of the binding of retinol to its carrier, retinol binding protein 4, is a new strategy for treating type 2 diabetes; for this purpose, we have provided an aptamer-functionalized multishell calcium phosphate nanoparticle.	Vitamin A	41-48	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	65-90
28279618-3	2017	The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles releases the process of aptamer from nanoparticles and their inhibition function of binding retinol to retinol binding protein 4.	Vitamin A	126-133	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	137-162
28279618-5	2017	The half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) value for inhibition of retinol binding to retinol binding protein 4 was 210 femtomolar (fmol).	Vitamin A	73-80	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	92-117
28279618-6	2017	CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed that the aptamer could prevent connection between retinol and retinol binding protein 4 at a very low IC50 value (210 fmol) compared to other reported inhibitors.	Vitamin A	84-91	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	96-121
28339981-8	2017	In combs, we found that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the retinol metabolism (RPE65, CYP26A1, and CYP26C1) and hedgehog-signaling pathway (PTCH1, GLI1, and HHIP), while genes related to cell differentiation and morphogenesis were down-regulated in R1/R1 chickens, suggesting that the transient expression of MNR2 might affect the expression of these genes and influence the development of comb tissue.	Vitamin A	97-104	RPE65, retinoid isomerohydrolase	Gallus gallus	117-122
28424257-1	2017	Background: Few studies have examined the impact of local animal-source foods (ASFs) on the nutritional status of reproductive-age women in developing countries.Objective: We hypothesized that a midmorning snack of local ASF for 6 mo would reduce dietary micronutrient deficiencies [usual intake less than the estimated average requirement (EAR)] and improve blood biomarkers of iron, zinc, and vitamins A and B-12 status among nonpregnant, reproductive-age women in rural Vietnam.Methods: One hundred seventeen women, 18-30 y old, were randomly assigned to receive either an ASF (mean: 144 kcal, 8.9 mg Fe, 2.7 mg Zn, 1050 mug retinoic acid equivalent vitamin A, and 5.5 mug vitamin B-12) or a control snack (mean: 150 kcal, 2.0 mg Fe, 0.9 mg Zn, 0 mug retinoic acid equivalent vitamin A, and 0 mug vitamin B-12) 5 d/wk for 6 mo.	Vitamin A	653-662	arylsulfatase F	Homo sapiens	221-224
28424257-1	2017	Background: Few studies have examined the impact of local animal-source foods (ASFs) on the nutritional status of reproductive-age women in developing countries.Objective: We hypothesized that a midmorning snack of local ASF for 6 mo would reduce dietary micronutrient deficiencies [usual intake less than the estimated average requirement (EAR)] and improve blood biomarkers of iron, zinc, and vitamins A and B-12 status among nonpregnant, reproductive-age women in rural Vietnam.Methods: One hundred seventeen women, 18-30 y old, were randomly assigned to receive either an ASF (mean: 144 kcal, 8.9 mg Fe, 2.7 mg Zn, 1050 mug retinoic acid equivalent vitamin A, and 5.5 mug vitamin B-12) or a control snack (mean: 150 kcal, 2.0 mg Fe, 0.9 mg Zn, 0 mug retinoic acid equivalent vitamin A, and 0 mug vitamin B-12) 5 d/wk for 6 mo.	Vitamin A	779-788	arylsulfatase F	Homo sapiens	221-224
28339981-8	2017	In combs, we found that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the retinol metabolism (RPE65, CYP26A1, and CYP26C1) and hedgehog-signaling pathway (PTCH1, GLI1, and HHIP), while genes related to cell differentiation and morphogenesis were down-regulated in R1/R1 chickens, suggesting that the transient expression of MNR2 might affect the expression of these genes and influence the development of comb tissue.	Vitamin A	97-104	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily A member 1	Gallus gallus	124-131
28339981-8	2017	In combs, we found that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the retinol metabolism (RPE65, CYP26A1, and CYP26C1) and hedgehog-signaling pathway (PTCH1, GLI1, and HHIP), while genes related to cell differentiation and morphogenesis were down-regulated in R1/R1 chickens, suggesting that the transient expression of MNR2 might affect the expression of these genes and influence the development of comb tissue.	Vitamin A	97-104	cytochrome P450 family 26 subfamily C member 1	Gallus gallus	137-144
28339981-8	2017	In combs, we found that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the retinol metabolism (RPE65, CYP26A1, and CYP26C1) and hedgehog-signaling pathway (PTCH1, GLI1, and HHIP), while genes related to cell differentiation and morphogenesis were down-regulated in R1/R1 chickens, suggesting that the transient expression of MNR2 might affect the expression of these genes and influence the development of comb tissue.	Vitamin A	97-104	patched 1	Gallus gallus	178-183
28339981-8	2017	In combs, we found that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the retinol metabolism (RPE65, CYP26A1, and CYP26C1) and hedgehog-signaling pathway (PTCH1, GLI1, and HHIP), while genes related to cell differentiation and morphogenesis were down-regulated in R1/R1 chickens, suggesting that the transient expression of MNR2 might affect the expression of these genes and influence the development of comb tissue.	Vitamin A	97-104	GLI family zinc finger 1	Gallus gallus	185-189
28339981-8	2017	In combs, we found that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the retinol metabolism (RPE65, CYP26A1, and CYP26C1) and hedgehog-signaling pathway (PTCH1, GLI1, and HHIP), while genes related to cell differentiation and morphogenesis were down-regulated in R1/R1 chickens, suggesting that the transient expression of MNR2 might affect the expression of these genes and influence the development of comb tissue.	Vitamin A	97-104	hedgehog interacting protein	Gallus gallus	195-199
28339981-8	2017	In combs, we found that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in the retinol metabolism (RPE65, CYP26A1, and CYP26C1) and hedgehog-signaling pathway (PTCH1, GLI1, and HHIP), while genes related to cell differentiation and morphogenesis were down-regulated in R1/R1 chickens, suggesting that the transient expression of MNR2 might affect the expression of these genes and influence the development of comb tissue.	Vitamin A	97-104	homeodomain protein	Gallus gallus	347-351
26984602-9	2017	RGR was found to be expressed in developing retina and in primary cultures; when its expression was knocked down, the levels of 11-cis, all-trans Ral, and all-trans retinol in cultures exposed to light were significantly higher and those in all-trans retinyl esters lower than in dark controls.	Vitamin A	165-172	retinal G protein coupled receptor	Gallus gallus	0-3
28279965-9	2017	Expression of the gut homing receptor CCR9 on T-effector memory cells 30 days after transplant was increased in children with vitamin A levels below the median (r = -0.34, P = .03).	Vitamin A	126-135	C-C motif chemokine receptor 9	Homo sapiens	38-42
28207193-4	2017	The oxidation of vitamin A to retinal has recently been established as a critical nodal point in the synthesis of retinoic acid, and over the past decade, RDH10 and DHRS3 have emerged as the predominant enzymes that regulate this reversible reaction.	Vitamin A	17-26	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	155-160
28542567-12	2017	Piglets which had the lowest ADG (Average Daily Gain) after weaning had greater HPO and OSI and lower vitamin A and E concentrations after weaning but also lower vitamin E concentration before weaning (P &lt; 0.05).	Vitamin A	102-111	ADG	Sus scrofa	34-52
28247017-10	2017	Taken together with the activity to increase collagen, elastin, and cell proliferation, these studies establish that retinol provides multi-functional activity for photodamaged skin.	Vitamin A	117-124	elastin	Homo sapiens	55-62
28111285-7	2017	Recent data reveal an intricate crosstalk between vitamin A metabolites and bile acids, in part via the Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR), Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) and the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), in maintaining vitamin A and bile acid homeostasis.	Vitamin A	50-59	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	104-126
28111285-7	2017	Recent data reveal an intricate crosstalk between vitamin A metabolites and bile acids, in part via the Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR), Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) and the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), in maintaining vitamin A and bile acid homeostasis.	Vitamin A	50-59	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	128-131
28111285-7	2017	Recent data reveal an intricate crosstalk between vitamin A metabolites and bile acids, in part via the Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR), Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) and the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), in maintaining vitamin A and bile acid homeostasis.	Vitamin A	50-59	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	134-153
28111285-7	2017	Recent data reveal an intricate crosstalk between vitamin A metabolites and bile acids, in part via the Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR), Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) and the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), in maintaining vitamin A and bile acid homeostasis.	Vitamin A	50-59	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	155-158
28111285-7	2017	Recent data reveal an intricate crosstalk between vitamin A metabolites and bile acids, in part via the Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR), Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) and the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), in maintaining vitamin A and bile acid homeostasis.	Vitamin A	50-59	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	168-188
28111285-7	2017	Recent data reveal an intricate crosstalk between vitamin A metabolites and bile acids, in part via the Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR), Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) and the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), in maintaining vitamin A and bile acid homeostasis.	Vitamin A	50-59	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	190-193
28111285-7	2017	Recent data reveal an intricate crosstalk between vitamin A metabolites and bile acids, in part via the Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR), Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) and the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), in maintaining vitamin A and bile acid homeostasis.	Vitamin A	211-220	retinoic acid receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	128-131
28111285-7	2017	Recent data reveal an intricate crosstalk between vitamin A metabolites and bile acids, in part via the Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR), Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) and the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), in maintaining vitamin A and bile acid homeostasis.	Vitamin A	211-220	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	134-153
28111285-7	2017	Recent data reveal an intricate crosstalk between vitamin A metabolites and bile acids, in part via the Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR), Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) and the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), in maintaining vitamin A and bile acid homeostasis.	Vitamin A	211-220	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	155-158
28111285-7	2017	Recent data reveal an intricate crosstalk between vitamin A metabolites and bile acids, in part via the Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR), Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) and the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), in maintaining vitamin A and bile acid homeostasis.	Vitamin A	211-220	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	168-188
28111285-7	2017	Recent data reveal an intricate crosstalk between vitamin A metabolites and bile acids, in part via the Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR), Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) and the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), in maintaining vitamin A and bile acid homeostasis.	Vitamin A	211-220	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	190-193
28390257-2	2017	Under oxidative conditions, vitamin A radical cation (RET+) can be formed.	Vitamin A	28-37	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	54-57
27981737-6	2017	CONCLUSION: In this study, we showed that adipocyte PDK4 gene is a new target of the vitamin A derived RA and might participate to the reduced fatty acid efflux from the adipocyte, a step that plays an important role in the developement of metabolic diseases.	Vitamin A	85-94	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
27665014-7	2017	The aforementioned amino acids are necessary in substantial amounts while vitamin B6 collaborates with vitamin A as meaningful cofactors for mucin synthesis.	Vitamin A	103-112	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	141-146
27359323-6	2017	UGT supersomes catalyzed glucuronidation of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), trifluoperazine (TFP), and cotinine was used as the probe reaction to evaluate the inhibition of vitamin A toward UGT isoforms, and 100 muM of vitamin A significantly inhibited the activity of all the tested UGT isoforms.	Vitamin A	171-180	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	0-3
27359323-6	2017	UGT supersomes catalyzed glucuronidation of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), trifluoperazine (TFP), and cotinine was used as the probe reaction to evaluate the inhibition of vitamin A toward UGT isoforms, and 100 muM of vitamin A significantly inhibited the activity of all the tested UGT isoforms.	Vitamin A	217-226	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	0-3
27359323-7	2017	Vitamin A exerted competitive inhibition on the activity of UGT1A1, 2B4, 2B7, and 2B15, and the inhibition kinetic parameters (Ki) were calculated to be 31.1, 16.8, 2.2, and 11.6 muM for UGT1A1, 2B4, 2B7, and 2B15.	Vitamin A	0-9	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	60-66
27359323-7	2017	Vitamin A exerted competitive inhibition on the activity of UGT1A1, 2B4, 2B7, and 2B15, and the inhibition kinetic parameters (Ki) were calculated to be 31.1, 16.8, 2.2, and 11.6 muM for UGT1A1, 2B4, 2B7, and 2B15.	Vitamin A	0-9	latexin	Homo sapiens	179-182
27359323-7	2017	Vitamin A exerted competitive inhibition on the activity of UGT1A1, 2B4, 2B7, and 2B15, and the inhibition kinetic parameters (Ki) were calculated to be 31.1, 16.8, 2.2, and 11.6 muM for UGT1A1, 2B4, 2B7, and 2B15.	Vitamin A	0-9	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	187-193
27359323-8	2017	In silico docking method was used to try to elucidate the inhibition mechanism of vitamin A toward UGT2B7.	Vitamin A	82-91	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B7	Homo sapiens	99-105
27359323-9	2017	The results showed the significant contribution of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interaction on the UGT2B7 inhibition by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	122-131	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B7	Homo sapiens	101-107
28426756-2	2017	These findings have also been described in humans, mice and zebrafish with loss-of-function mutations in the enzyme CYP26B1 that degrades retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, indicating that these effects are indeed caused by too high levels of vitamin A and that evolutionary conserved mechanisms are involved.	Vitamin A	183-192	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Danio rerio	116-123
28426756-2	2017	These findings have also been described in humans, mice and zebrafish with loss-of-function mutations in the enzyme CYP26B1 that degrades retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, indicating that these effects are indeed caused by too high levels of vitamin A and that evolutionary conserved mechanisms are involved.	Vitamin A	264-273	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Danio rerio	116-123
28329447-0	2017	Formation of a Multiligand Complex of Bovine Serum Albumin with Retinol, Resveratrol, and (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate for the Protection of Bioactive Components.	Vitamin A	64-71	albumin	Homo sapiens	45-58
28232491-4	2017	We show that ROC is composed of at least two subunits of NAD+-dependent retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10), which catalyzes the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde, and two subunits of NADPH-dependent dehydrogenase reductase 3 (DHRS3), which catalyzes the reduction of retinaldehyde back to retinol.	Vitamin A	72-79	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	98-103
28232491-4	2017	We show that ROC is composed of at least two subunits of NAD+-dependent retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10), which catalyzes the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde, and two subunits of NADPH-dependent dehydrogenase reductase 3 (DHRS3), which catalyzes the reduction of retinaldehyde back to retinol.	Vitamin A	139-146	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	72-96
28232491-4	2017	We show that ROC is composed of at least two subunits of NAD+-dependent retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10), which catalyzes the oxidation of retinol to retinaldehyde, and two subunits of NADPH-dependent dehydrogenase reductase 3 (DHRS3), which catalyzes the reduction of retinaldehyde back to retinol.	Vitamin A	139-146	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	98-103
28368329-0	2017	Vitamin A Oral Supplementation Induces Oxidative Stress and Suppresses IL-10 and HSP70 in Skeletal Muscle of Trained Rats.	Vitamin A	0-9	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
28368329-0	2017	Vitamin A Oral Supplementation Induces Oxidative Stress and Suppresses IL-10 and HSP70 in Skeletal Muscle of Trained Rats.	Vitamin A	0-9	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	81-86
28100868-8	2017	In contrast, retinol treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress factors (heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 9 (DNAJB9)).	Vitamin A	13-20	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	121-137
28100868-8	2017	In contrast, retinol treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress factors (heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 9 (DNAJB9)).	Vitamin A	13-20	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	139-144
28100868-8	2017	In contrast, retinol treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress factors (heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 9 (DNAJB9)).	Vitamin A	13-20	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	147-196
28100868-8	2017	In contrast, retinol treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress factors (heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 9 (DNAJB9)).	Vitamin A	13-20	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	198-202
28100868-8	2017	In contrast, retinol treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress factors (heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 9 (DNAJB9)).	Vitamin A	13-20	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	205-237
28100868-8	2017	In contrast, retinol treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress factors (heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 9 (DNAJB9)).	Vitamin A	13-20	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	239-244
28100868-8	2017	In contrast, retinol treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress factors (heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 9 (DNAJB9)).	Vitamin A	13-20	DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B9	Homo sapiens	251-294
28100868-8	2017	In contrast, retinol treatment significantly increased the mRNA expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress factors (heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and DnaJ (Hsp40) homolog, subfamily B, member 9 (DNAJB9)).	Vitamin A	13-20	DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B9	Homo sapiens	296-302
28207193-4	2017	The oxidation of vitamin A to retinal has recently been established as a critical nodal point in the synthesis of retinoic acid, and over the past decade, RDH10 and DHRS3 have emerged as the predominant enzymes that regulate this reversible reaction.	Vitamin A	17-26	dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Homo sapiens	165-170
28490387-9	2017	Among men with elevated PSA, serum retinol was no longer statistically significant with ethnicity (P=0 06).	Vitamin A	35-42	kallikrein related peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	24-27
28096191-3	2017	Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2 (AWAT2), also known as multifunctional O-acyltransferase (MFAT), is an integral membrane enzyme with a broad substrate specificity that has been shown to preferentially esterify 11-cis-retinol and thus contribute to formation of a readily available pool of cis retinoids in the eye.	Vitamin A	217-231	acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	0-38
28096191-3	2017	Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2 (AWAT2), also known as multifunctional O-acyltransferase (MFAT), is an integral membrane enzyme with a broad substrate specificity that has been shown to preferentially esterify 11-cis-retinol and thus contribute to formation of a readily available pool of cis retinoids in the eye.	Vitamin A	217-231	acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	40-45
28096191-3	2017	Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2 (AWAT2), also known as multifunctional O-acyltransferase (MFAT), is an integral membrane enzyme with a broad substrate specificity that has been shown to preferentially esterify 11-cis-retinol and thus contribute to formation of a readily available pool of cis retinoids in the eye.	Vitamin A	217-231	acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	62-95
28096191-3	2017	Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2 (AWAT2), also known as multifunctional O-acyltransferase (MFAT), is an integral membrane enzyme with a broad substrate specificity that has been shown to preferentially esterify 11-cis-retinol and thus contribute to formation of a readily available pool of cis retinoids in the eye.	Vitamin A	217-231	acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	97-101
28400700-1	2017	PURPOSE: Elevation of serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) induces inflammation in primary human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs) via a retinol-independent mechanism; thus, it may play a causative role in the development and progression of vascular lesions in diabetic retinopathy (DR).	Vitamin A	28-35	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	55-59
28134916-1	2017	Retinol-binding protein RBP4 is the specific carrier for retinol in the blood.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	24-28
28134916-1	2017	Retinol-binding protein RBP4 is the specific carrier for retinol in the blood.	Vitamin A	57-64	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	24-28
28134916-9	2017	In accordance with this finding, the plasma retinol levels remained low in Rbp4hRBP4orf/hRBP4orf mice.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	75-87
28134916-9	2017	In accordance with this finding, the plasma retinol levels remained low in Rbp4hRBP4orf/hRBP4orf mice.	Vitamin A	44-51	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
28134916-10	2017	Retinol accumulation in the liver occurred in control and Rbp4hRBP4orf/hRBP4orf mice but was higher in Rbp4hRBP4orf/hRBP4orf mice at 30 weeks of age.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	58-67
28134916-10	2017	Retinol accumulation in the liver occurred in control and Rbp4hRBP4orf/hRBP4orf mice but was higher in Rbp4hRBP4orf/hRBP4orf mice at 30 weeks of age.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	62-67
28134916-10	2017	Retinol accumulation in the liver occurred in control and Rbp4hRBP4orf/hRBP4orf mice but was higher in Rbp4hRBP4orf/hRBP4orf mice at 30 weeks of age.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	58-70
28134916-10	2017	Retinol accumulation in the liver occurred in control and Rbp4hRBP4orf/hRBP4orf mice but was higher in Rbp4hRBP4orf/hRBP4orf mice at 30 weeks of age.	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
27456684-10	2017	The new CAD/CAM blocks (Vita Enamic, Vita Hybrid Ceramic and Lava Ultimate) showed the highest resistance to staining compared to the MZ100 composite resin blocks.	Vitamin A	24-28	calmodulin 3	Homo sapiens	12-15
28454241-4	2017	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 56-kDa homotetrameric protein that binds thyroid hormone and retinol binding protein.	Vitamin A	86-93	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
28057518-0	2017	Structural and molecular determinants affecting the interaction of retinol with human CRBP1.	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
28057518-4	2017	Fluorometric titrations of wild type and mutant forms of apo-CRBP1, coupled with X-ray analyses, provided insight into structural and molecular determinants for the interaction of retinol with CRBP1.	Vitamin A	180-187	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	61-66
28057518-4	2017	Fluorometric titrations of wild type and mutant forms of apo-CRBP1, coupled with X-ray analyses, provided insight into structural and molecular determinants for the interaction of retinol with CRBP1.	Vitamin A	180-187	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	193-198
28057518-5	2017	An approximately stoichiometric binding of retinol to wild type apo-CRBP1 (Kd~4.5nM), significantly lower binding affinity for both mutants Q108L (Kd~65nM) and K40L (Kd~70nM) and very low binding affinity for the double mutant Q108L/K40L (Kd~250nM) were determined, respectively.	Vitamin A	43-50	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	68-73
28057518-6	2017	Overall, our data indicate that the extensive apolar interactions between the ligand and hydrophobic residues lining the retinol binding cavity are sufficient to keep it in its position bound to CRBP1.	Vitamin A	121-128	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	195-200
27940088-4	2017	For example, in separate reports, vitamin A was shown to decrease Th17 T-cell activity by downregulating IL-6, and to promote B cell production of IgA by upregulating IL-6.	Vitamin A	34-43	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	105-109
27940088-4	2017	For example, in separate reports, vitamin A was shown to decrease Th17 T-cell activity by downregulating IL-6, and to promote B cell production of IgA by upregulating IL-6.	Vitamin A	34-43	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	167-171
28100682-2	2017	In this article, we demonstrate that dietary fiber and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) induced the expression of the vitamin A-converting enzyme RALDH1 in intestinal epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro, respectively.	Vitamin A	117-126	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	145-151
28100682-3	2017	Furthermore, our data showed that the expression levels of RALDH1 in small intestinal epithelial cells correlated with the activity of vitamin A-converting enzymes in mesenteric lymph node dendritic cells, along with increased numbers of intestinal regulatory T cells and a higher production of luminal IgA.	Vitamin A	135-144	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	59-65
28454241-4	2017	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 56-kDa homotetrameric protein that binds thyroid hormone and retinol binding protein.	Vitamin A	86-93	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
30645867-5	2017	Deficiency of vitamins B2, A and E, when blood serum concentrations of riboflavin &lt;5 ng/ml, retinol &lt;30 mug/dL and tocopherols &lt;0.8 mg/dL, were found in 34, 15 and 13% of participants, respectively.	Vitamin A	95-102	immunoglobulin kappa variable 5-2	Homo sapiens	23-34
27261203-9	2017	In addition to epidermal changes, topical ROL significantly improved dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment; increasing dermal vascularity by stimulating endothelial cells proliferation and ECM production (type I collagen, fibronectin and elastin) by activating dermal fibroblasts.	Vitamin A	42-45	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	235-246
27261203-9	2017	In addition to epidermal changes, topical ROL significantly improved dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment; increasing dermal vascularity by stimulating endothelial cells proliferation and ECM production (type I collagen, fibronectin and elastin) by activating dermal fibroblasts.	Vitamin A	42-45	elastin	Homo sapiens	251-258
28145501-4	2017	We have found that 13-cis-retinoic acid, retinol and retinyl-acetate inhibited the Pgp and ABCG2 mediated substrate transport as well as the substrate stimulated ATPase activity of these transporters.	Vitamin A	41-48	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	83-86
28145501-4	2017	We have found that 13-cis-retinoic acid, retinol and retinyl-acetate inhibited the Pgp and ABCG2 mediated substrate transport as well as the substrate stimulated ATPase activity of these transporters.	Vitamin A	41-48	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	91-96
28034750-9	2017	We tested this new form of hSMD on retinol inside cellular retinol-binding protein 1 and three cases of a ligand (a benzylacetate, a 2-nitrothiophene, and a benzene) inside a T4 lysozyme L99A/M102Q(H) double mutant.	Vitamin A	35-42	small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N	Homo sapiens	27-31
27055685-12	2017	These effects may be implicated in the toxicity of AhR ligands as well as in the alteration of ethanol or retinol metabolism and may be associated further with higher risk of liver diseases or/and alcohol abuse disorders.	Vitamin A	106-113	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	51-54
28091905-2	2017	Changes in LPO processes in patients with PCOS were compensatory, which manifested in increased alpha-tocopherol and retinol concentrations and moderate decrease in superoxide dismutase activity.	Vitamin A	117-124	lactoperoxidase	Homo sapiens	11-14
29492303-8	2017	Several of these genes are involved in carcinogenesis (e.g. BRCA1, MAGEE2, HOXA5), the immune system (e.g. RNF39, HLA-DQB1), retinol homeostasis (DHRS4L2), or in metabolism (CYP1A1).	Vitamin A	125-132	dehydrogenase/reductase 4 like 2	Homo sapiens	146-153
29492303-8	2017	Several of these genes are involved in carcinogenesis (e.g. BRCA1, MAGEE2, HOXA5), the immune system (e.g. RNF39, HLA-DQB1), retinol homeostasis (DHRS4L2), or in metabolism (CYP1A1).	Vitamin A	125-132	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	174-180
28235040-11	2017	In gene expression analyses, 25(OH)D was associated with higher IL-37, vitamin A with higher IFN-gamma and vitamin E with less IL-28 (P &lt; 0.05).	Vitamin A	71-80	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	93-102
28152069-5	2017	Retinol binding protein (RBP) was used as a measure of vitamin A status.	Vitamin A	55-64	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
28152069-9	2017	Low or marginal vitamin A status (0.70 mumol/l &lt;= RBP &lt; 1.05mumol/l) was present in 48.2% while 37.5% of the schoolchildren had vitamin A deficiency (VAD, RBP &lt;0.70 mumol/l).	Vitamin A	16-25	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	53-56
28219732-4	2017	It is photoisomerized during light detection to all-trans and subsequently released by photoactivated rhodopsin as all-trans retinal, which is removed through reduction to all-trans retinol in a reaction requiring metabolic input in the form of NADPH.	Vitamin A	182-189	rhodopsin	Mus musculus	102-111
28219732-9	2017	We found that all-trans retinol and all-trans retinal levels increased after bleaching in both wild type and Abca4-/- rods.	Vitamin A	24-31	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 4	Mus musculus	109-114
28219732-11	2017	All-trans retinol levels were not significantly different between the two strains at early times, but were lower in Abca4-/- rods at times longer than 20 min after bleaching.	Vitamin A	10-17	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 4	Mus musculus	116-121
27756753-6	2017	Accordingly, this study evaluated the abilities of three complementary chemopreventives, that is, the vitamin A derivative fenretinide (4-HPR, induces apoptosis and differentiation, inhibits signaling proteins, and invasion), the estrogen metabolite 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME, apoptosis-inducing, antiangiogenic), and the humanized mAb to the IL6R receptor tocilizumab (TOC, reduces IL6 signaling) to suppress OSCC gratuitous signaling and tumorigenesis.	Vitamin A	102-111	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	138-141
28715808-6	2017	A siTLR4 lentivirus was used to knockdown Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in Caco-2 cells to determine its role in the protective effects of VA on the intestinal epithelial barrier, and experiments involving TLR4-knock-out mice were performed to verify the effect of TLR4.	Vitamin A	137-139	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	64-68
28715808-6	2017	A siTLR4 lentivirus was used to knockdown Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in Caco-2 cells to determine its role in the protective effects of VA on the intestinal epithelial barrier, and experiments involving TLR4-knock-out mice were performed to verify the effect of TLR4.	Vitamin A	137-139	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	64-68
28715808-7	2017	VA normal (VAN), VAD and VAS rat models were established to confirm that changes in RARbeta, TLR4 and ZO-2 expression levels that occurred following decreases or increases in retinol concentrations in vivo, and the permeability of the Caco-2 cell monolayer, as well as that of the epithelial barrier of the rat intestine was detected by measuring transepithelial resistance (TER) or performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).	Vitamin A	175-182	tight junction protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
27729412-4	2017	In this study, we examined adiponectin expression as a function of dietary high-fat and high-vitamin A conditions in mice.	Vitamin A	93-102	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	27-38
27729412-5	2017	A decrease of adiponectin expression in addition to an up-regulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase A1 (ALDH1A1), retinoid signaling, and retinoic acid response element signaling was selectively observed in WAT of mice fed a normal-vitamin A, high-fat diet.	Vitamin A	227-236	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	14-25
27729412-6	2017	Reduced adiponectin expression in WAT was also observed in mice fed a high-vitamin A diet.	Vitamin A	75-84	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	8-19
28621427-14	2017	ADHFe1 probably reduces retinaldehyde to retinol thereby restricting the availability of retinaldehyde, the substrate needed by retinaldehyde dehydrogenases to produce RA making it a novel regulator of RA concentrations in the embryo and RA homeostasis.	Vitamin A	41-48	alcohol dehydrogenase, iron containing 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-6
28129424-2	2017	Previous studies have shown that all-trans-retinol is likely the chief source of time-varying TPEF from photoreceptors.	Vitamin A	33-50	transmembrane protein with EGF like and two follistatin like domains 2	Homo sapiens	94-98
28129424-3	2017	Endogenous TPEF from retinol could provide the specificity desired for tracking the visual cycle.	Vitamin A	21-28	transmembrane protein with EGF like and two follistatin like domains 2	Homo sapiens	11-15
28129424-10	2017	Results: Two-photon excited fluorescence resulting from retinol production corresponded to the fraction of rhodopsin bleached.	Vitamin A	56-63	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	107-116
28129424-15	2017	Moreover, TPEF generated due to retinol can be used as a measure of rhodopsin depletion, similar to densitometry.	Vitamin A	32-39	transmembrane protein with EGF like and two follistatin like domains 2	Homo sapiens	10-14
28129424-15	2017	Moreover, TPEF generated due to retinol can be used as a measure of rhodopsin depletion, similar to densitometry.	Vitamin A	32-39	rhodopsin	Homo sapiens	68-77
28026829-2	2016	The physiological role of RBP4 is transport of retinol from the liver to peripheral tissues.	Vitamin A	47-54	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	26-30
27983671-5	2016	The reversible first step in conversion of the precursor vitamin A to the active retinoid RA is mediated by retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3 (DHRS3), two related membrane-bound proteins that functionally activate each other to mediate the interconversion of retinol and retinal.	Vitamin A	57-66	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	108-132
27983671-5	2016	The reversible first step in conversion of the precursor vitamin A to the active retinoid RA is mediated by retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3 (DHRS3), two related membrane-bound proteins that functionally activate each other to mediate the interconversion of retinol and retinal.	Vitamin A	57-66	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	134-139
27983671-5	2016	The reversible first step in conversion of the precursor vitamin A to the active retinoid RA is mediated by retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3 (DHRS3), two related membrane-bound proteins that functionally activate each other to mediate the interconversion of retinol and retinal.	Vitamin A	57-66	dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Homo sapiens	145-190
27983671-5	2016	The reversible first step in conversion of the precursor vitamin A to the active retinoid RA is mediated by retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3 (DHRS3), two related membrane-bound proteins that functionally activate each other to mediate the interconversion of retinol and retinal.	Vitamin A	57-66	dehydrogenase/reductase 3	Homo sapiens	192-197
27983671-5	2016	The reversible first step in conversion of the precursor vitamin A to the active retinoid RA is mediated by retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3 (DHRS3), two related membrane-bound proteins that functionally activate each other to mediate the interconversion of retinol and retinal.	Vitamin A	108-115	retinol dehydrogenase 10	Homo sapiens	134-139
27779898-5	2016	The active form of VA, retinoic acid, may be related to the growth factor-beta and release of interleukin-10 (IL-10), thus involved with the resolution of the inflammation.	Vitamin A	19-21	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	94-108
27742777-4	2016	Furthermore, we show that retinol release from human HSCs ex vivo is lower in cells with the loss-of-function PNPLA3 148M compared with 148I wild type protein.	Vitamin A	26-33	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	110-116
27742777-7	2016	Moreover, we provide evidence to indicate that PNPLA3-mediated retinol release may protect against liver fibrosis by inducing a specific signature of proteins involved in extracellular matrix remodelling.	Vitamin A	63-70	patatin like phospholipase domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	47-53
27779898-5	2016	The active form of VA, retinoic acid, may be related to the growth factor-beta and release of interleukin-10 (IL-10), thus involved with the resolution of the inflammation.	Vitamin A	19-21	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	110-115
27879662-0	2016	Retinol Dehydrogenases Regulate Vitamin A Metabolism for Visual Function.	Vitamin A	32-41	short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7	Homo sapiens	0-22
27879662-4	2016	RDHs in the RPE function as 11-cis-RDHs, which oxidize 11-cis-retinol to 11-cis-retinal in vivo.	Vitamin A	55-69	short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7	Homo sapiens	0-4
27879662-4	2016	RDHs in the RPE function as 11-cis-RDHs, which oxidize 11-cis-retinol to 11-cis-retinal in vivo.	Vitamin A	55-69	short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7	Homo sapiens	35-39
27086067-4	2016	Retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, activates both retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR), inducing epigenetic changes in key regulatory genes governing adipogenesis.	Vitamin A	39-48	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	99-119
27390265-3	2016	Unlike BCMO1, BCO2 has a broader substrate specificity and has been considered an alternative way to produce vitamin A.	Vitamin A	109-118	beta-carotene oxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
27683870-5	2016	Then we simulated the impact of eliminating or strictly limiting vitamin A intake at the time of isotope administration, while maintaining plasma retinol homeostasis, on retinol specific activity in plasma (SAp; fraction of dose/mumol retinol) and stores, and we calculated TBS using the simplified RID equation TBS = 0.75 x 1/SAp, where the fractional absorption of tracer was set at 0.75 and SAp was simulated 5 d after dosing.	Vitamin A	170-177	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	207-210
27683870-5	2016	Then we simulated the impact of eliminating or strictly limiting vitamin A intake at the time of isotope administration, while maintaining plasma retinol homeostasis, on retinol specific activity in plasma (SAp; fraction of dose/mumol retinol) and stores, and we calculated TBS using the simplified RID equation TBS = 0.75 x 1/SAp, where the fractional absorption of tracer was set at 0.75 and SAp was simulated 5 d after dosing.	Vitamin A	170-177	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	207-210
27683870-7	2016	CONCLUSIONS: By eliminating or strictly limiting vitamin A input, isotopic equilibrium was reached by 5 d. At isotopic equilibrium, SAp is the same as that in the body"s exchangeable vitamin A pools; under these conditions, SAp may be measured at any time from 5 d on and used to calculate TBS.	Vitamin A	49-58	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	224-227
27843308-6	2016	Low intake of nutrients, including potassium, vitamin A, carotene, retinol, and vitamin C, was significantly associated with COPD.	Vitamin A	46-55	COPD	Homo sapiens	125-129
27843308-6	2016	Low intake of nutrients, including potassium, vitamin A, carotene, retinol, and vitamin C, was significantly associated with COPD.	Vitamin A	67-74	COPD	Homo sapiens	125-129
27729528-5	2016	RA or retinol enhances 5hmC production in naive embryonic stem cells by activation of TET2 and TET3 transcription, whereas ascorbate potentiates TET activity and 5hmC production through enhanced Fe2+ recycling, and not as a cofactor as reported previously.	Vitamin A	6-13	tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2	Homo sapiens	86-90
27729528-5	2016	RA or retinol enhances 5hmC production in naive embryonic stem cells by activation of TET2 and TET3 transcription, whereas ascorbate potentiates TET activity and 5hmC production through enhanced Fe2+ recycling, and not as a cofactor as reported previously.	Vitamin A	6-13	tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 3	Homo sapiens	95-99
28173123-0	2016	Mutations in SDR9C7 gene encoding an enzyme for vitamin A metabolism underlie autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis.	Vitamin A	48-57	short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7	Homo sapiens	13-19
28173123-9	2016	It has previously been reported that SDR9C7 is an enzyme to convert retinal into retinol.	Vitamin A	81-88	short chain dehydrogenase/reductase family 9C member 7	Homo sapiens	37-43
26564246-5	2017	Raised CRP was found in 59.9% of mothers, with a significant negative correlation between serum retinol and CRP (r = -0.273; p &lt; 0.0001).	Vitamin A	96-103	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	7-10
26564246-5	2017	Raised CRP was found in 59.9% of mothers, with a significant negative correlation between serum retinol and CRP (r = -0.273; p &lt; 0.0001).	Vitamin A	96-103	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	108-111
26564246-9	2017	Serum retinol may be influenced by factors other than vitamin A status, e.g. the haemodilution of pregnancy, as well as the acute phase response induced by the birth process, as suggested by raised CRP in 60% of mothers.	Vitamin A	6-13	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	198-201
27502420-2	2016	Knock-out experimental strategies-targeting retinoid nuclear receptors RARs and RXRs have confirmed that the effects of vitamin A are mediated by retinoic acid (especially all-trans retinoic acid) and that this vitamin is essential for the developmental process.	Vitamin A	120-129	arginyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
26235916-1	2016	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 54 kDa homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol (vitamin A), through its association with retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	90-97	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
26235916-1	2016	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 54 kDa homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol (vitamin A), through its association with retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	90-97	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
26235916-1	2016	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 54 kDa homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol (vitamin A), through its association with retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	90-97	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	140-163
26235916-1	2016	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 54 kDa homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol (vitamin A), through its association with retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	90-97	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	165-168
26235916-1	2016	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 54 kDa homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol (vitamin A), through its association with retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	99-108	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
26235916-1	2016	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 54 kDa homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol (vitamin A), through its association with retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	99-108	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
26235916-1	2016	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 54 kDa homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol (vitamin A), through its association with retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	99-108	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	140-163
26235916-1	2016	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 54 kDa homotetrameric protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol (vitamin A), through its association with retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	99-108	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	165-168
27511937-7	2016	TBS calculated by the equation TBS = Fa x S x (1/SAp), where SAp is plasma retinol specific activity (fraction of dose/mumol), were highly correlated with model-predicted TBS (r = 0.95 and 0.96 for 4 and 5 d, respectively; P &lt; 0.001); predictions for individuals were also highly correlated (Rs = 0.94 and 0.94; P &lt; 0.001).	Vitamin A	75-82	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	61-64
27086067-4	2016	Retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, activates both retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR), inducing epigenetic changes in key regulatory genes governing adipogenesis.	Vitamin A	39-48	retinoid X receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	121-124
27684493-0	2016	Corexit-EC9527A Disrupts Retinol Signaling and Neuronal Differentiation in P19 Embryonal Pluripotent Cells.	Vitamin A	25-32	interleukin 23 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	75-78
27684493-10	2016	At non-cytotoxic doses, Corexit-EC9527A inhibited retinol-induced expression of the Hoxa1 gene, which encodes a transcription factor for the regulation of body patterning in the embryo.	Vitamin A	50-57	homeobox A1	Homo sapiens	84-89
27684493-12	2016	In addition, Corexit-EC9527A suppressed retinol-induced P19 cell differentiation into neuronal cells, indicating potential neurotoxic effect of the chemicals under the tested conditions.	Vitamin A	40-47	interleukin 23 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	56-59
27600527-3	2016	Here we report that ATRA, an active metabolite of vitamin A, restores mechanical quiescence in PSCs via a mechanism involving a retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-beta)-dependent downregulation of actomyosin (MLC-2) contractility.	Vitamin A	50-59	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	128-155
27600527-3	2016	Here we report that ATRA, an active metabolite of vitamin A, restores mechanical quiescence in PSCs via a mechanism involving a retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-beta)-dependent downregulation of actomyosin (MLC-2) contractility.	Vitamin A	50-59	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	157-165
27220110-1	2016	Transthyretin (TTR) is a binding protein for the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4 ), retinol and beta-amyloid peptide.	Vitamin A	82-89	transthyretin	Mus musculus	0-13
27220110-1	2016	Transthyretin (TTR) is a binding protein for the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4 ), retinol and beta-amyloid peptide.	Vitamin A	82-89	transthyretin	Mus musculus	15-18
27251367-9	2016	Moreover, PB2 inhibition of apoptosis is dependent on the UPR chaperone GRP78, indicating PB2 inhibits vitamin A dimer-mediated apoptosis in RPE cells by activating the UPR.	Vitamin A	103-112	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	72-77
27338464-0	2016	Evaluation of Palm Oil as a Suitable Vegetable Oil for Vitamin A Fortification Programs.	Vitamin A	55-64	paralemmin	Homo sapiens	14-18
27356515-6	2016	Vitamin A may ameliorate MS pathogenesis through numerous mechanisms including a reduction in inflammatory processes by re-establishing the balance between pathogenic (Th1, Th17, Th9) and immunoprotective cells (Th2, Tregs), modulating B cell and dendritic cell function as well as increasing tolerance of autoimmunity and regeneration in the CNS.	Vitamin A	0-9	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	168-171
27511929-8	2016	Furthermore, serum retinol concentrations are depressed during infection and inflammation because retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a negative acute-phase reactant, which makes status assessment challenging.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	98-121
27511929-8	2016	Furthermore, serum retinol concentrations are depressed during infection and inflammation because retinol-binding protein (RBP) is a negative acute-phase reactant, which makes status assessment challenging.	Vitamin A	19-26	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	123-126
27511933-7	2016	The uptake of total retinol, chylomicron-associated retinyl esters (REs), and retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) was estimated with the use of WinSAAM version 3.0.8.	Vitamin A	78-85	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	95-118
27511933-7	2016	The uptake of total retinol, chylomicron-associated retinyl esters (REs), and retinol bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP) was estimated with the use of WinSAAM version 3.0.8.	Vitamin A	78-85	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
27511933-9	2016	The uptake of retinol into the brain involved both postprandial chylomicrons and RBP, with RBP delivering most of the retinol in the control group [0.27 nmol/d (RBP) compared with 0.01 nmol/d (chylomicrons)].	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
27511933-9	2016	The uptake of retinol into the brain involved both postprandial chylomicrons and RBP, with RBP delivering most of the retinol in the control group [0.27 nmol/d (RBP) compared with 0.01 nmol/d (chylomicrons)].	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
27511933-9	2016	The uptake of retinol into the brain involved both postprandial chylomicrons and RBP, with RBP delivering most of the retinol in the control group [0.27 nmol/d (RBP) compared with 0.01 nmol/d (chylomicrons)].	Vitamin A	14-21	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
27511933-10	2016	VA supplementation increased the fractional uptake of chylomicron REs from 0.3% to 1.2% of plasma pool/d, decreased that of RBP retinol from 0.5% to 0.2% of plasma pool/d, and increased the transfer rate of chylomicron REs from nearly zero to 0.7 nmol/d, causing a day-long elevation in the brain mass of total retinol.	Vitamin A	0-2	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
27511933-10	2016	VA supplementation increased the fractional uptake of chylomicron REs from 0.3% to 1.2% of plasma pool/d, decreased that of RBP retinol from 0.5% to 0.2% of plasma pool/d, and increased the transfer rate of chylomicron REs from nearly zero to 0.7 nmol/d, causing a day-long elevation in the brain mass of total retinol.	Vitamin A	128-135	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	124-127
27402536-1	2016	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 54 kDa homotetrameric serum protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol.	Vitamin A	96-103	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
27402536-1	2016	Transthyretin (TTR) is a 54 kDa homotetrameric serum protein that transports thyroxine (T4) and retinol.	Vitamin A	96-103	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
27402843-2	2016	In mammalian tissues, beta-carotene 15,15"-oxygenase (BCO1) converts beta-carotene to retinaldehyde, which is then oxidized to retinoic acid, the biologically active form of vitamin A that acts as a transcription factor ligand to regulate gene expression.	Vitamin A	174-183	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
27563101-0	2016	Structure of the STRA6 receptor for retinol uptake.	Vitamin A	36-43	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Danio rerio	17-22
27563101-2	2016	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the sole specific carrier in the bloodstream for hydrophobic retinol, the main form in which vitamin A is transported.	Vitamin A	94-101	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	0-23
27563101-2	2016	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the sole specific carrier in the bloodstream for hydrophobic retinol, the main form in which vitamin A is transported.	Vitamin A	94-101	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	25-28
27563101-2	2016	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the sole specific carrier in the bloodstream for hydrophobic retinol, the main form in which vitamin A is transported.	Vitamin A	126-135	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	0-23
27563101-2	2016	Retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the sole specific carrier in the bloodstream for hydrophobic retinol, the main form in which vitamin A is transported.	Vitamin A	126-135	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	25-28
27563101-3	2016	The integral membrane receptor STRA6 mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A by recognizing RBP-retinol to trigger release and internalization of retinol.	Vitamin A	65-74	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Danio rerio	31-36
27563101-3	2016	The integral membrane receptor STRA6 mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A by recognizing RBP-retinol to trigger release and internalization of retinol.	Vitamin A	65-74	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	90-93
27563101-3	2016	The integral membrane receptor STRA6 mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A by recognizing RBP-retinol to trigger release and internalization of retinol.	Vitamin A	94-101	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Danio rerio	31-36
27563101-3	2016	The integral membrane receptor STRA6 mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A by recognizing RBP-retinol to trigger release and internalization of retinol.	Vitamin A	94-101	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	90-93
27563101-3	2016	The integral membrane receptor STRA6 mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A by recognizing RBP-retinol to trigger release and internalization of retinol.	Vitamin A	144-151	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Danio rerio	31-36
27563101-3	2016	The integral membrane receptor STRA6 mediates cellular uptake of vitamin A by recognizing RBP-retinol to trigger release and internalization of retinol.	Vitamin A	144-151	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Danio rerio	90-93
27559173-4	2016	Functionally, Cyp1b1 could generate retinoic acid from retinol leading to cell-autonomous induction of the barrier-related ATP-binding cassette transporter P-glycoprotein.	Vitamin A	55-62	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	14-20
27354281-8	2016	Furthermore, LAL-deficient mice challenged with RE gavage exhibited largely reduced post-prandial circulating RE content, indicating that LAL is required for efficient nutritional vitamin A availability.	Vitamin A	180-189	lysosomal acid lipase A	Mus musculus	13-16
27402696-1	2016	The vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces a gut-homing phenotype in activated CD4(+) conventional T cells (Tconv) by upregulating the integrin alpha4beta7 and the chemokine receptor CCR9.	Vitamin A	4-13	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	100-103
27402696-1	2016	The vitamin A metabolite all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces a gut-homing phenotype in activated CD4(+) conventional T cells (Tconv) by upregulating the integrin alpha4beta7 and the chemokine receptor CCR9.	Vitamin A	4-13	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 9	Mus musculus	204-208
27501389-1	2016	Ageing and mutations of transthyretin (TTR), the thyroid hormones and retinol transporting protein lead to amyloidosis by destabilizing the structure of TTR.	Vitamin A	70-77	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	24-37
27501389-1	2016	Ageing and mutations of transthyretin (TTR), the thyroid hormones and retinol transporting protein lead to amyloidosis by destabilizing the structure of TTR.	Vitamin A	70-77	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	153-156
27432952-8	2016	Cholesterol accumulation in the RPE, induced by vitamin A dimers or oxidized LDL, inhibits these defense mechanisms by activating acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), which increases tubulin acetylation and derails organelle traffic.	Vitamin A	48-57	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal	Mus musculus	130-151
27432952-8	2016	Cholesterol accumulation in the RPE, induced by vitamin A dimers or oxidized LDL, inhibits these defense mechanisms by activating acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), which increases tubulin acetylation and derails organelle traffic.	Vitamin A	48-57	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal	Mus musculus	153-159
27185863-5	2016	Retinoic acid, an active metabolite of vitamin A, promoted neuronal differentiation of NSCs by stabilizing HRas, and HRas knockdown blocked the retinoic acid effect.	Vitamin A	39-48	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	107-111
27185863-6	2016	Vitamin-A-deficient mice displayed abnormal brain development with reduced HRas levels and a reduced thickness of the postmitotic region containing differentiated neurons.	Vitamin A	0-9	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	75-79
27547395-6	2016	Mean daily total dietary intakes of Fe, Zn, vitamin A and vitamin D were significantly higher in the fortified milk group.	Vitamin A	44-53	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	111-115
27524203-1	2016	Human Cellular Retinol Binding Protein II (hCRBPII), a member of the intracellular lipid-binding protein family, is a monomeric protein responsible for the intracellular transport of retinol and retinal.	Vitamin A	183-190	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	6-41
27524203-1	2016	Human Cellular Retinol Binding Protein II (hCRBPII), a member of the intracellular lipid-binding protein family, is a monomeric protein responsible for the intracellular transport of retinol and retinal.	Vitamin A	183-190	retinol binding protein 2	Homo sapiens	43-50
27277845-0	2016	Chronic Kidney Disease Alters Vitamin A Homeostasis via Effects on Hepatic RBP4 Protein Expression and Metabolic Enzymes.	Vitamin A	30-39	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	75-79
27277845-3	2016	Concentrations of vitamin A metabolites (13cis-RA, atRA) and relationships between RBP4 and retinoids have never been fully evaluated in adult patients with CKD.	Vitamin A	18-27	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	83-87
27277845-5	2016	RBP4 and retinol levels were increased approximately twofold in patients with CKD, with a negative correlation between plasma retinol and eGFR (p = 0.006) and plasma RBP4 and eGFR (p = 0.0007).	Vitamin A	9-16	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	166-170
27277845-5	2016	RBP4 and retinol levels were increased approximately twofold in patients with CKD, with a negative correlation between plasma retinol and eGFR (p = 0.006) and plasma RBP4 and eGFR (p = 0.0007).	Vitamin A	9-16	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	175-179
27277845-5	2016	RBP4 and retinol levels were increased approximately twofold in patients with CKD, with a negative correlation between plasma retinol and eGFR (p = 0.006) and plasma RBP4 and eGFR (p = 0.0007).	Vitamin A	126-133	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
27277845-8	2016	Increases in circulating retinol, RBP4, and atRA may be due to increased hepatic RBP4 synthesis, retinyl ester hydrolysis, and/or hepatic secretion of RBP4-retinol.	Vitamin A	25-32	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	81-85
27277845-8	2016	Increases in circulating retinol, RBP4, and atRA may be due to increased hepatic RBP4 synthesis, retinyl ester hydrolysis, and/or hepatic secretion of RBP4-retinol.	Vitamin A	25-32	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	81-85
27257736-6	2016	However, the role of CYP2W1 in the endogenous and tumor localized metabolism of retinol derivatives has yet to be clarified.	Vitamin A	80-87	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily W member 1	Homo sapiens	21-27
27207583-1	2016	It is well known that vitamin A and its receptors protect against cancer development and that Retinoid Acid Receptor beta (RARbeta) is epigenetically silenced during tumoral progression.	Vitamin A	22-31	retinoic acid receptor, beta	Mus musculus	123-130
27189978-0	2016	Transport of vitamin A across blood-tissue barriers is facilitated by STRA6.	Vitamin A	13-22	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	70-75
27189978-1	2016	Vitamin A bound to retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) constitutes the major transport mode for retinoids in fasting circulation.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	19-44
27189978-1	2016	Vitamin A bound to retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) constitutes the major transport mode for retinoids in fasting circulation.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	46-50
27189978-2	2016	Emerging evidence suggests that membrane protein, STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6), is the RBP4 receptor and vitamin A channel; however, the role of STRA6 in vitamin A homeostasis remains to be defined in vivo We subjected Stra6-knockout mice to diets sufficient and insufficient for vitamin A and used heterozygous siblings as controls.	Vitamin A	114-123	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	50-55
27189978-2	2016	Emerging evidence suggests that membrane protein, STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6), is the RBP4 receptor and vitamin A channel; however, the role of STRA6 in vitamin A homeostasis remains to be defined in vivo We subjected Stra6-knockout mice to diets sufficient and insufficient for vitamin A and used heterozygous siblings as controls.	Vitamin A	163-172	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	50-55
27189978-2	2016	Emerging evidence suggests that membrane protein, STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6), is the RBP4 receptor and vitamin A channel; however, the role of STRA6 in vitamin A homeostasis remains to be defined in vivo We subjected Stra6-knockout mice to diets sufficient and insufficient for vitamin A and used heterozygous siblings as controls.	Vitamin A	163-172	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	96-100
27189978-2	2016	Emerging evidence suggests that membrane protein, STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6), is the RBP4 receptor and vitamin A channel; however, the role of STRA6 in vitamin A homeostasis remains to be defined in vivo We subjected Stra6-knockout mice to diets sufficient and insufficient for vitamin A and used heterozygous siblings as controls.	Vitamin A	163-172	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	154-159
27189978-2	2016	Emerging evidence suggests that membrane protein, STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6), is the RBP4 receptor and vitamin A channel; however, the role of STRA6 in vitamin A homeostasis remains to be defined in vivo We subjected Stra6-knockout mice to diets sufficient and insufficient for vitamin A and used heterozygous siblings as controls.	Vitamin A	163-172	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	50-55
27189978-2	2016	Emerging evidence suggests that membrane protein, STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6), is the RBP4 receptor and vitamin A channel; however, the role of STRA6 in vitamin A homeostasis remains to be defined in vivo We subjected Stra6-knockout mice to diets sufficient and insufficient for vitamin A and used heterozygous siblings as controls.	Vitamin A	163-172	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	96-100
27189978-2	2016	Emerging evidence suggests that membrane protein, STRA6 (stimulated by retinoic acid 6), is the RBP4 receptor and vitamin A channel; however, the role of STRA6 in vitamin A homeostasis remains to be defined in vivo We subjected Stra6-knockout mice to diets sufficient and insufficient for vitamin A and used heterozygous siblings as controls.	Vitamin A	163-172	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	154-159
27189978-6	2016	The picture that emerged indicates a critical role for STRA6 in the transport of vitamin A across blood-tissue barriers in the eyes, brain, and testis.	Vitamin A	81-90	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	55-60
27189978-8	2016	In testis and brain, Stra6 expression was regulated by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	55-64	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	21-26
27189978-10	2016	Thus, STRA6 is critical for vitamin A homeostasis and the adaption of this process to the fluctuating supply of the vitamin.-Kelly, M., Widjaja-Adhi, M. A. K., Palczewski, G., von Lintig, J.	Vitamin A	28-37	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	6-11
27189978-11	2016	Transport of vitamin A across blood-tissue barriers is facilitated by STRA6.	Vitamin A	13-22	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	70-75
27135790-0	2016	Vitamin A or E and a catechin synergize as vaccine adjuvant to enhance immune responses in mice by induction of early interleukin-15 but not interleukin-1beta responses.	Vitamin A	0-9	interleukin 15	Mus musculus	118-132
27934803-2	2016	Previously, we reported in euglycaemic obese rats (WNIN/Ob strain) that feeding of vitamin A-enriched diet normalized hypercholesterolaemia, possibly through hepatic SR-B1-mediated pathway.	Vitamin A	83-92	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	166-171
27934803-11	2016	Vitamin A-enriched diet fed obese rats showed a significant increase in hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA levels, while the expression of genes involved in HDL synthesis, namely, ATP-binding cassette protein 1 (ABCA1) and apolipoprotein A-I, were downregulated.	Vitamin A	0-9	low density lipoprotein receptor	Rattus norvegicus	80-112
27934803-11	2016	Vitamin A-enriched diet fed obese rats showed a significant increase in hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA levels, while the expression of genes involved in HDL synthesis, namely, ATP-binding cassette protein 1 (ABCA1) and apolipoprotein A-I, were downregulated.	Vitamin A	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	191-221
27934803-11	2016	Vitamin A-enriched diet fed obese rats showed a significant increase in hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA levels, while the expression of genes involved in HDL synthesis, namely, ATP-binding cassette protein 1 (ABCA1) and apolipoprotein A-I, were downregulated.	Vitamin A	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	223-228
27934803-11	2016	Vitamin A-enriched diet fed obese rats showed a significant increase in hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor mRNA levels, while the expression of genes involved in HDL synthesis, namely, ATP-binding cassette protein 1 (ABCA1) and apolipoprotein A-I, were downregulated.	Vitamin A	0-9	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	234-252
27934803-13	2016	INTERPRETATION &amp; CONCLUSIONS: Chronic vitamin A-enriched diet feeding decreased hypercholesterolaemia and normalized HDL-C levels, possibly by regulating pathways involved in HDL synthesis and degradation, independent of hepatic SR-B1 in this glucose-intolerant obese rat model.	Vitamin A	42-51	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	233-238
27178149-2	2016	Studies have shown that vitamin A (VA) reduces disease progression by promoting FOXP3+ T cells and curbing Th17 cells.	Vitamin A	24-33	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	80-85
27178149-3	2016	In this study, we explored the association of colonic IL-23R and FOXP3 expression in fifty-one UC patients (23 in remission and 28 with active disease) with serum VA levels and disease activity.	Vitamin A	163-165	interleukin 23 receptor	Homo sapiens	54-60
27178149-3	2016	In this study, we explored the association of colonic IL-23R and FOXP3 expression in fifty-one UC patients (23 in remission and 28 with active disease) with serum VA levels and disease activity.	Vitamin A	163-165	forkhead box P3	Homo sapiens	65-70
27391637-10	2016	By week 10, subjects reported no stinging, itching, dryness, or tingling.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; The results of this open-label clinical study suggest that a topical cream containing retinol 0.5% in combination with niacinamide, resveratrol, and hexylresorcinol is efficacious and tolerable for skin brightening/anti-aging when used with a complementary skin care regimen including SPF 30 sun protection.	Vitamin A	184-191	survival motor neuron domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	383-389
27338464-6	2016	The oxidative deterioration of the highly oxidized palm oil during storage was correlated with a significant 46% decline of the vitamin A content.	Vitamin A	128-137	paralemmin	Homo sapiens	51-55
27338464-8	2016	Thus, mildly oxidized palm oil may be recommended for vitamin A fortification programs, when other sources of essential fatty acids are available.	Vitamin A	54-63	paralemmin	Homo sapiens	22-26
27183576-0	2016	Vitamin A Controls the Presence of RORgamma+ Innate Lymphoid Cells and Lymphoid Tissue in the Small Intestine.	Vitamin A	0-9	RAR-related orphan receptor gamma	Mus musculus	35-43
27107124-2	2016	This enzyme converted not only small aldehydes to carboxylic acids but also the large aldehyde all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinoic acid with NAD(P)(+) We newly found that BcALDH and human ALDH (ALDH1A1) could reduce all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinol with NADPH.	Vitamin A	250-258	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	198-205
27107124-10	2016	The biotransformation of all-trans-retinal to all-trans-retinoic acid by BcALDH and human ALDH was altered to the biotransformation to all-trans-retinol by a cofactor switch using NADPH.	Vitamin A	135-152	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	75-79
27060237-1	2016	Several studies have reported on the interaction between vitamin A (VA) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-binding toxicants, including poly-aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).	Vitamin A	57-66	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Salmo salar	103-106
27060237-5	2016	Concurrently, PAH and VA significantly interacted in their effects on CYP1A phase I biotransformation as observed from increased ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, increased CYP1A protein concentration, and elevated transcription (cyp1a1 gene expression) in fish fed PAH+VA compared to PAH alone.	Vitamin A	22-24	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A	Salmo salar	70-75
27060237-5	2016	Concurrently, PAH and VA significantly interacted in their effects on CYP1A phase I biotransformation as observed from increased ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, increased CYP1A protein concentration, and elevated transcription (cyp1a1 gene expression) in fish fed PAH+VA compared to PAH alone.	Vitamin A	22-24	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A	Salmo salar	185-190
27060237-5	2016	Concurrently, PAH and VA significantly interacted in their effects on CYP1A phase I biotransformation as observed from increased ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, increased CYP1A protein concentration, and elevated transcription (cyp1a1 gene expression) in fish fed PAH+VA compared to PAH alone.	Vitamin A	282-284	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A	Salmo salar	70-75
27272805-6	2016	C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) correlated with each other and exhibited positive correlation with age, body-mass index (BMI), leukocyte count, platelet count, kynurenine, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and urinary neopterin and a negative correlation with vitamin D and retinol.	Vitamin A	286-293	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	0-18
27272805-6	2016	C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) correlated with each other and exhibited positive correlation with age, body-mass index (BMI), leukocyte count, platelet count, kynurenine, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and urinary neopterin and a negative correlation with vitamin D and retinol.	Vitamin A	286-293	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	29-42
27272805-6	2016	C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) correlated with each other and exhibited positive correlation with age, body-mass index (BMI), leukocyte count, platelet count, kynurenine, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio and urinary neopterin and a negative correlation with vitamin D and retinol.	Vitamin A	286-293	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	44-48
27043624-6	2016	Vitamin A status was classified using retinol binding protein (RBP) concentrations corrected for inflammation as deficient (&lt;0.70 mumol/L) or marginal (&lt;1.05 mumol/L.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	38-61
26399569-0	2016	Vitamin A maintains the airway epithelium in a murine model of asthma by suppressing glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper.	Vitamin A	0-9	TSC22 domain family, member 3	Mus musculus	85-122
26399569-2	2016	Vitamin A (VA) is involved in the regulation of the MAPK-ERK pathway but has not been widely supplied during asthma treatment.	Vitamin A	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
26399569-2	2016	Vitamin A (VA) is involved in the regulation of the MAPK-ERK pathway but has not been widely supplied during asthma treatment.	Vitamin A	0-9	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	57-60
26399569-2	2016	Vitamin A (VA) is involved in the regulation of the MAPK-ERK pathway but has not been widely supplied during asthma treatment.	Vitamin A	11-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	52-56
26399569-2	2016	Vitamin A (VA) is involved in the regulation of the MAPK-ERK pathway but has not been widely supplied during asthma treatment.	Vitamin A	11-13	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	57-60
26399569-11	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin A maintained the Dex-treated asthma airway epithelium via the down-regulation of GILZ expression and the activation MAPK-ERK signaling, and these effects might contribute to improving the effects of GC therapeutics on asthma.	Vitamin A	13-22	TSC22 domain family, member 3	Mus musculus	102-106
26399569-11	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin A maintained the Dex-treated asthma airway epithelium via the down-regulation of GILZ expression and the activation MAPK-ERK signaling, and these effects might contribute to improving the effects of GC therapeutics on asthma.	Vitamin A	13-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	137-141
26399569-11	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin A maintained the Dex-treated asthma airway epithelium via the down-regulation of GILZ expression and the activation MAPK-ERK signaling, and these effects might contribute to improving the effects of GC therapeutics on asthma.	Vitamin A	13-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	142-145
26974396-1	2016	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a specific carrier for retinol in the blood.	Vitamin A	59-66	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	0-25
26974396-1	2016	Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a specific carrier for retinol in the blood.	Vitamin A	59-66	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	27-31
26974396-2	2016	In hepatocytes, newly synthesized RBP4 associates with retinol and transthyretin and is secreted into the blood.	Vitamin A	55-62	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	34-38
26974396-3	2016	The ternary transthyretin-RBP4-retinol complex transports retinol in the circulation and delivers it to target tissues.	Vitamin A	31-38	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	26-30
26974396-3	2016	The ternary transthyretin-RBP4-retinol complex transports retinol in the circulation and delivers it to target tissues.	Vitamin A	58-65	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	26-30
26974396-13	2016	Our Rbp4-deficient mice accumulated retinol in the liver but it was undetectable in the serum, indicating an inverse relation between serum and liver retinol levels.	Vitamin A	36-43	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	4-8
26974396-13	2016	Our Rbp4-deficient mice accumulated retinol in the liver but it was undetectable in the serum, indicating an inverse relation between serum and liver retinol levels.	Vitamin A	150-157	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	4-8
26974396-14	2016	Our results suggest that RBP4 is critical for the mobilization of retinol from hepatic storage pools, and that such mobilization is necessary for ocular development and visual function.	Vitamin A	66-73	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	25-29
27242514-8	2016	A combined EPA/DHA and vitamin A supplementation had a beneficial additive effect on reference memory but not in working memory in middle-aged rats, associated with an alleviation of the age-related decrease in RXRgamma, CAMKII, AKT, and ERK1 expression in the hippocampus.	Vitamin A	23-32	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	229-232
27242514-8	2016	A combined EPA/DHA and vitamin A supplementation had a beneficial additive effect on reference memory but not in working memory in middle-aged rats, associated with an alleviation of the age-related decrease in RXRgamma, CAMKII, AKT, and ERK1 expression in the hippocampus.	Vitamin A	23-32	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	238-242
26901379-12	2016	Retinol incorporation in nanoparticles offers an active targeting approach to the liver via retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	92-115
26901379-12	2016	Retinol incorporation in nanoparticles offers an active targeting approach to the liver via retinol binding protein (RBP).	Vitamin A	0-7	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
27022678-1	2016	Retinoic acid (RA) is the active form of vitamin A and is synthesized from retinol by two key enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).	Vitamin A	41-50	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	103-124
27022678-1	2016	Retinoic acid (RA) is the active form of vitamin A and is synthesized from retinol by two key enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).	Vitamin A	41-50	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	126-129
27022678-1	2016	Retinoic acid (RA) is the active form of vitamin A and is synthesized from retinol by two key enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).	Vitamin A	41-50	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	135-161
27022678-1	2016	Retinoic acid (RA) is the active form of vitamin A and is synthesized from retinol by two key enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).	Vitamin A	41-50	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	163-167
27022678-1	2016	Retinoic acid (RA) is the active form of vitamin A and is synthesized from retinol by two key enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).	Vitamin A	75-82	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	103-124
27022678-1	2016	Retinoic acid (RA) is the active form of vitamin A and is synthesized from retinol by two key enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).	Vitamin A	75-82	aldo-keto reductase family 1, member A1 (aldehyde reductase)	Mus musculus	126-129
27022678-1	2016	Retinoic acid (RA) is the active form of vitamin A and is synthesized from retinol by two key enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).	Vitamin A	75-82	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	135-161
27022678-1	2016	Retinoic acid (RA) is the active form of vitamin A and is synthesized from retinol by two key enzymes, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).	Vitamin A	75-82	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 3, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	163-167
27022678-7	2016	When mice were fed a retinol-free, vitamin A-deficient diet that significantly reduced the serum levels of retinol, the expression of the LH receptor (Lhcgr) was significantly lower in the ovaries of the vitamin A-deficient mice, and injections of human chorionic gonadotropin failed to induce genes controlling ovulation.	Vitamin A	21-28	luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor	Mus musculus	151-156
27059013-4	2016	Purified recombinant hP450 27C1 bound and desaturated all-trans retinol, retinal, and retinoic acid, as well as 11-cis-retinal.	Vitamin A	64-71	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	21-26
26894299-1	2016	Transthyretin (TTR) transports the retinol-binding protein-vitamin A complex and is a minor transporter of thyroxine in blood.	Vitamin A	59-68	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	0-13
26894299-1	2016	Transthyretin (TTR) transports the retinol-binding protein-vitamin A complex and is a minor transporter of thyroxine in blood.	Vitamin A	59-68	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	15-18
27243976-3	2016	We investigated the molecular basis of the variable phenotypes resulting from the defects in CYP1B1 by using subclones of 23 CYP1B1 mutants reported in glaucoma patients, in a cell based system by measuring the dual activity of the enzyme to metabolize both retinol and 17beta-estradiol.	Vitamin A	258-265	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	93-99
27008859-6	2016	Interestingly, we discovered that Lcn2 KO mice have decreased levels of retinoic acid and retinol in adipose tissue.	Vitamin A	90-97	lipocalin 2	Mus musculus	34-38
27008859-7	2016	The protein levels of STRA6 responsible for retinol uptake were significantly decreased in adipose tissue.	Vitamin A	44-51	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	22-27
26556762-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Retinol binding protein (RBP) and its membrane receptor, STRA6, are vital for the management of vitamin A in the body.	Vitamin A	108-117	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	12-35
26556762-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Retinol binding protein (RBP) and its membrane receptor, STRA6, are vital for the management of vitamin A in the body.	Vitamin A	108-117	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	37-40
26556762-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Retinol binding protein (RBP) and its membrane receptor, STRA6, are vital for the management of vitamin A in the body.	Vitamin A	108-117	stimulated by retinoic acid gene 6	Mus musculus	69-74
26936974-3	2016	CYP2W1 converts all-transretinoic acid (atRA) to 4-hydroxyatRA and all-transretinol to 4-OH all-transretinol, and it also oxidizes retinal.	Vitamin A	67-83	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily W member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
26729422-0	2016	Vitamin A in regulation of insulin responsiveness: mini review.	Vitamin A	0-9	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
26729422-1	2016	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP4) which, in turn, associates with another serum protein, transthyretin (TTR), to form a ternary retinol-RBP4-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-78
26729422-1	2016	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP4) which, in turn, associates with another serum protein, transthyretin (TTR), to form a ternary retinol-RBP4-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	135-148
26729422-1	2016	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP4) which, in turn, associates with another serum protein, transthyretin (TTR), to form a ternary retinol-RBP4-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	150-153
26729422-1	2016	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP4) which, in turn, associates with another serum protein, transthyretin (TTR), to form a ternary retinol-RBP4-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	182-186
26729422-1	2016	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP4) which, in turn, associates with another serum protein, transthyretin (TTR), to form a ternary retinol-RBP4-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	0-9	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	187-190
26729422-1	2016	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP4) which, in turn, associates with another serum protein, transthyretin (TTR), to form a ternary retinol-RBP4-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	74-78
26729422-1	2016	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP4) which, in turn, associates with another serum protein, transthyretin (TTR), to form a ternary retinol-RBP4-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	11-18	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	135-148
26729422-1	2016	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP4) which, in turn, associates with another serum protein, transthyretin (TTR), to form a ternary retinol-RBP4-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	11-18	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	150-153
26729422-1	2016	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP4) which, in turn, associates with another serum protein, transthyretin (TTR), to form a ternary retinol-RBP4-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	11-18	retinol binding protein 4, plasma	Mus musculus	182-186
26729422-1	2016	Vitamin A, retinol, circulates in blood bound to retinol-binding protein (RBP4) which, in turn, associates with another serum protein, transthyretin (TTR), to form a ternary retinol-RBP4-TTR complex.	Vitamin A	11-18	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	187-190
26729422-2	2016	At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP4 is recognised by a receptor termed stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) which transports retinol into cells.	Vitamin A	17-24	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
26729422-2	2016	At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP4 is recognised by a receptor termed stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) which transports retinol into cells.	Vitamin A	17-24	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	110-115
26729422-2	2016	At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP4 is recognised by a receptor termed stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) which transports retinol into cells.	Vitamin A	134-141	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	39-43
26729422-2	2016	At some tissues, retinol-bound (holo-) RBP4 is recognised by a receptor termed stimulated by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6) which transports retinol into cells.	Vitamin A	134-141	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	110-115
26729422-4	2016	The data show that STRA6-mediated retinol transport induces receptor phosphorylation, in turn activating a Janus kinases2/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)3/5 cascade that culminates in induction of STAT target genes.	Vitamin A	34-41	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	19-24
26729422-5	2016	STRA6-mediated retinol transport and cell signalling are inter-dependent, and both functions critically rely on intracellular retinol trafficking and metabolism.	Vitamin A	15-22	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	0-5
26729422-6	2016	Hence, STRA6 couples "sensing" of vitamin A homeostasis and metabolism to cell signalling, allowing it to control important biological functions.	Vitamin A	34-43	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Homo sapiens	7-12
26951925-4	2016	In particular, AGP is the most important transporter for basic and neutral drugs, apoD, apoM, and RBP mainly bind endogenous molecules such as progesterone, pregnenolone, bilirubin, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and retinol, while alpha1-m binds the heme.	Vitamin A	211-218	apolipoprotein D	Homo sapiens	82-86
26951925-4	2016	In particular, AGP is the most important transporter for basic and neutral drugs, apoD, apoM, and RBP mainly bind endogenous molecules such as progesterone, pregnenolone, bilirubin, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and retinol, while alpha1-m binds the heme.	Vitamin A	211-218	apolipoprotein M	Homo sapiens	88-92
26951925-4	2016	In particular, AGP is the most important transporter for basic and neutral drugs, apoD, apoM, and RBP mainly bind endogenous molecules such as progesterone, pregnenolone, bilirubin, sphingosine-1-phosphate, and retinol, while alpha1-m binds the heme.	Vitamin A	211-218	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	98-101
27097220-6	2016	Both mRNA and metabolite changes suggest the retinol loss is linked to activation of PPARalpha-mediated pathways and potentially to hepatic stellate cell activation, both of which may be coincident with increased bile acids and early signs of liver injury.	Vitamin A	45-52	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	85-94
26900151-1	2016	Important in regulating the uptake, storage, and metabolism of retinoids, cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1) is essential for trafficking vitamin A through the cytoplasm.	Vitamin A	146-155	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	74-108
26900151-1	2016	Important in regulating the uptake, storage, and metabolism of retinoids, cellular retinol-binding protein 1 (CRBP1) is essential for trafficking vitamin A through the cytoplasm.	Vitamin A	146-155	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	110-115
26900151-3	2016	Here we report the first structure of CRBP1 in a ligand-free form as well as ultra-high resolution structures of this protein bound to either all-trans-retinol or retinylamine, the latter a therapeutic retinoid that prevents light-induced retinal degeneration.	Vitamin A	142-159	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	38-43
27053000-1	2016	Transthyretin (TTR) is a blood and cerebrospinal fluid transporter of thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	84-91	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
27053000-1	2016	Transthyretin (TTR) is a blood and cerebrospinal fluid transporter of thyroxine and retinol.	Vitamin A	84-91	transthyretin	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
26672737-2	2016	It has been demonstrated that nitrofen disturbs the main retinol-binding protein (RBP)-dependent trophoblastic retinol transport.	Vitamin A	57-64	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
26672737-4	2016	We hypothesized that maternal administration of RA can increase trophoblastic RBP-dependent retinol transport in a nitrofen model of CDH.	Vitamin A	92-99	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
26672737-14	2016	CONCLUSION: Increased trophoblastic RBP expression and retinol transport after antenatal administration of RA suggest that retinol-triggered RSP activation may attenuate CDH-associated PH by elevating serum and pulmonary retinol levels.	Vitamin A	123-130	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
26672737-14	2016	CONCLUSION: Increased trophoblastic RBP expression and retinol transport after antenatal administration of RA suggest that retinol-triggered RSP activation may attenuate CDH-associated PH by elevating serum and pulmonary retinol levels.	Vitamin A	123-130	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
26975053-13	2016	Concentrations of RBP were significantly higher in children who had received a vitamin A supplement.	Vitamin A	79-88	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	18-21
26719343-1	2016	RPE65 is the isomerase catalyzing conversion of all-trans-retinyl ester (atRE) into 11-cis-retinol in the retinal visual cycle.	Vitamin A	84-98	RPE65, retinoid isomerohydrolase	Gallus gallus	0-5
26728457-5	2016	Cyp3a11 and Cyp26a1, encoding key proteins in retinol metabolism, showed the greatest decrease in expression in 5/6Nx mice, a process mediated by the decreased expression of DBP.	Vitamin A	46-53	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 11	Mus musculus	0-7
26728457-5	2016	Cyp3a11 and Cyp26a1, encoding key proteins in retinol metabolism, showed the greatest decrease in expression in 5/6Nx mice, a process mediated by the decreased expression of DBP.	Vitamin A	46-53	cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	12-19
26728457-5	2016	Cyp3a11 and Cyp26a1, encoding key proteins in retinol metabolism, showed the greatest decrease in expression in 5/6Nx mice, a process mediated by the decreased expression of DBP.	Vitamin A	46-53	D site albumin promoter binding protein	Mus musculus	174-177
26728457-7	2016	Consistent with these findings, the alterations of retinol metabolism and renal dysfunction in 5/6Nx mice were ameliorated by administration of an anti-TGF-beta1 antibody.	Vitamin A	51-58	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	152-161
26886165-6	2016	By integration of these datasets we identified Aldh1a1, a key enzyme in vitamin A metabolism specifically expressed in the medullary ascending limb, as one of the most prominent upregulated proteins in old kidneys.	Vitamin A	72-81	aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1, subfamily A1	Mus musculus	47-54
26671999-2	2016	We demonstrated in vitro and ex vivo that retinol supplementation enhances ATP synthesis in the presence of the PKCdelta signalosome.	Vitamin A	42-49	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	112-120
26511067-1	2016	Previously, the single nucleotide polymorphism in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1C c.-64T&gt;C) was shown to have an association with intramuscular fat (IMF) in the longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle when vitamin A was limited in finishing rations of beef steers.	Vitamin A	199-208	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	73-78
26511067-12	2016	The interaction between ADH1C genotype and vitamin A supplementation level has the potential for use in marker-assisted management programs to target niche markets based on increased marbling.	Vitamin A	43-52	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	24-29
26597784-9	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin A deficiency attenuates high fructose-induced hepatic steatosis, by regulating triglyceride synthesis, possibly through GPDH, SCD1 and RvD1.	Vitamin A	13-22	glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
26597784-9	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin A deficiency attenuates high fructose-induced hepatic steatosis, by regulating triglyceride synthesis, possibly through GPDH, SCD1 and RvD1.	Vitamin A	13-22	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
26671999-7	2016	Therefore, in addition to the well-defined role of PKCdelta in the etiology of metabolic syndrome, we present a novel PKCdelta signaling pathway that requires retinol as a metabolic cofactor and is involved in the regulation of fuel utilization in mitochondria.	Vitamin A	159-166	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	118-126
26507129-0	2016	Vitamin A deficient mice exhibit increased viral antigens and enhanced cytokine/chemokine production in nasal tissues following respiratory virus infection despite the presence of FoxP3+ T cells.	Vitamin A	0-9	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	180-185
25956707-5	2016	We additionally found that short-term treatment of primary osteoblasts with RA causes a rapid induction of specific genes involved in either retinol-dependent signaling (i.e. Rara, Crabp2) or skeletal remodeling (i.e. Twist2, Tnfsf11).	Vitamin A	141-148	cellular retinoic acid binding protein II	Mus musculus	181-187
25956707-5	2016	We additionally found that short-term treatment of primary osteoblasts with RA causes a rapid induction of specific genes involved in either retinol-dependent signaling (i.e. Rara, Crabp2) or skeletal remodeling (i.e. Twist2, Tnfsf11).	Vitamin A	141-148	tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11	Mus musculus	226-233
26578346-8	2016	RESULTS: Four weeks of retinoic acid and retinol treatments both increased epidermal thickness, and upregulated genes for collagen type 1 (COL1A1), and collagen type 3 (COL3A1) with corresponding increases in procollagen I and procollagen III protein expression.	Vitamin A	41-48	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	139-145
26578346-8	2016	RESULTS: Four weeks of retinoic acid and retinol treatments both increased epidermal thickness, and upregulated genes for collagen type 1 (COL1A1), and collagen type 3 (COL3A1) with corresponding increases in procollagen I and procollagen III protein expression.	Vitamin A	41-48	collagen type III alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	169-175
26880640-0	2016	The coordinated action of lecithin:retinol acyltransferase and cellular retinol-binding proteins for regulation of vitamin A esterification.	Vitamin A	115-124	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	26-58
26880640-2	2016	The intracellular transport of vitamin A is assisted by proteins called cellular retinol-binding proteins (CRBP I/II).	Vitamin A	31-40	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	107-111
26880640-3	2016	The absorption, storage and usage of vitamin A are regulated by a protein called lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a retinol-related enzyme that transfers an acyl group derived from an sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine to retinol.	Vitamin A	37-46	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	81-113
26880640-3	2016	The absorption, storage and usage of vitamin A are regulated by a protein called lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a retinol-related enzyme that transfers an acyl group derived from an sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine to retinol.	Vitamin A	37-46	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	115-119
26880640-3	2016	The absorption, storage and usage of vitamin A are regulated by a protein called lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a retinol-related enzyme that transfers an acyl group derived from an sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine to retinol.	Vitamin A	90-97	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	115-119
26880640-3	2016	The absorption, storage and usage of vitamin A are regulated by a protein called lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a retinol-related enzyme that transfers an acyl group derived from an sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine to retinol.	Vitamin A	124-131	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	81-113
26880640-3	2016	The absorption, storage and usage of vitamin A are regulated by a protein called lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), a retinol-related enzyme that transfers an acyl group derived from an sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine to retinol.	Vitamin A	124-131	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	115-119
26880640-5	2016	However, the HRASLS proteins never use retinol as an acyl acceptor.	Vitamin A	39-46	phospholipase A and acyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	13-19
26880640-7	2016	We propose in this report that LRAT physically interacts with CRBP and the LRAT-CRBP complex represents the binding pockets for both an acyl group and retinol, thus assuring the substrate specificity of LRAT.	Vitamin A	151-158	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	31-35
26880640-7	2016	We propose in this report that LRAT physically interacts with CRBP and the LRAT-CRBP complex represents the binding pockets for both an acyl group and retinol, thus assuring the substrate specificity of LRAT.	Vitamin A	151-158	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	62-66
26880640-7	2016	We propose in this report that LRAT physically interacts with CRBP and the LRAT-CRBP complex represents the binding pockets for both an acyl group and retinol, thus assuring the substrate specificity of LRAT.	Vitamin A	151-158	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	75-79
26880640-7	2016	We propose in this report that LRAT physically interacts with CRBP and the LRAT-CRBP complex represents the binding pockets for both an acyl group and retinol, thus assuring the substrate specificity of LRAT.	Vitamin A	151-158	retinol binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
26880640-7	2016	We propose in this report that LRAT physically interacts with CRBP and the LRAT-CRBP complex represents the binding pockets for both an acyl group and retinol, thus assuring the substrate specificity of LRAT.	Vitamin A	151-158	lecithin retinol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	75-79
26962819-1	2016	Insulin resistance (IR) is found in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) more frequently than in other chronic liver diseases.Prospective cross-sectional study to evaluate a wide multitest panel to identify factors related with IR in CHC and their possible interactions.In 76 patients with CHC we performed a series of routine laboratory analysis as well as specifically designed serum biochemical tests [retinol, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), 25-OH vitamin D, Vitamin E, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cystatin C].	Vitamin A	394-401	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
26530133-8	2016	The establishment of oral tolerance required the differentiation of Th1 lymphocytes in both vitamin A-supplemented neonates and 3-week-old unsupplemented mice.	Vitamin A	92-101	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	68-71
26860817-0	2016	Disparity between vitamin A-induced Th1-dependent oral tolerance in newborn mice and vitamin A-induced atopic sensitization in Guinean girls.	Vitamin A	18-27	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	36-39
26860819-0	2016	Response to "Disparity between vitamin A-induced Th1-dependent oral tolerance in newborn mice and vitamin A-induced atopic sensitization in Guinean girls".	Vitamin A	31-40	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	49-52
26923513-2	2016	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the only specific transport protein for retinol in the serum.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-25
26923513-2	2016	Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the only specific transport protein for retinol in the serum.	Vitamin A	76-83	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
26923513-3	2016	RBP4 level is increased in the diabetic state and high-fat condition, indicating that retinol metabolism may be affected under these conditions.	Vitamin A	86-93	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
26812497-4	2016	Here, we show that treatment of quiescent HSCs with vitamin A partially maintained the accumulation of lipid droplets and expression of quiescent HSC markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein, peroxisome proliferator-activator receptor-gamma and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha) and also the expression of myofibroblastic markers (alpha-smooth muscle actin, heat shock protein 47 and collagen type I).	Vitamin A	52-61	CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha	Homo sapiens	245-281
26812497-5	2016	On the other hand, combined treatment with vitamin A and insulin sustained the characteristic of HSC quiescence and completely suppressed the expression of myofibroblastic markers through activation of the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway and increased expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1.	Vitamin A	43-52	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	206-210
26812497-5	2016	On the other hand, combined treatment with vitamin A and insulin sustained the characteristic of HSC quiescence and completely suppressed the expression of myofibroblastic markers through activation of the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway and increased expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1.	Vitamin A	43-52	signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A	Homo sapiens	211-216
26812497-5	2016	On the other hand, combined treatment with vitamin A and insulin sustained the characteristic of HSC quiescence and completely suppressed the expression of myofibroblastic markers through activation of the JAK2/STAT5 signaling pathway and increased expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1.	Vitamin A	43-52	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	263-306
26904553-6	2016	By electronically coupling protein kinase Cdelta (PCKdelta) with cytochrome c, vitamin A enables the redox activation of this enzyme.	Vitamin A	79-88	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	65-77
26927700-10	2016	RESULTS: There was a significant inverse association between serum retinol, lycopene, and RBP4 concentrations with fibrosis stage.	Vitamin A	67-74	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	90-94
28219867-0	2016	[Effects of retinol on expressions of epidermal growth factor, stem cell factor, colony-stimulating factor 1 and leukemia inhibitory factor in human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells].	Vitamin A	12-19	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	63-79
28219867-0	2016	[Effects of retinol on expressions of epidermal growth factor, stem cell factor, colony-stimulating factor 1 and leukemia inhibitory factor in human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells].	Vitamin A	12-19	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	81-108
28219867-0	2016	[Effects of retinol on expressions of epidermal growth factor, stem cell factor, colony-stimulating factor 1 and leukemia inhibitory factor in human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells].	Vitamin A	12-19	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	113-139
28219867-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of retinol on the expressions of epidermal growth factor (EGF), stem cell factor (SCF), colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in cultured human umbilical-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs).	Vitamin A	37-44	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	67-90
28219867-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of retinol on the expressions of epidermal growth factor (EGF), stem cell factor (SCF), colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in cultured human umbilical-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs).	Vitamin A	37-44	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	92-95
28219867-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of retinol on the expressions of epidermal growth factor (EGF), stem cell factor (SCF), colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in cultured human umbilical-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs).	Vitamin A	37-44	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	98-114
28219867-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of retinol on the expressions of epidermal growth factor (EGF), stem cell factor (SCF), colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in cultured human umbilical-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs).	Vitamin A	37-44	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	116-119
28219867-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of retinol on the expressions of epidermal growth factor (EGF), stem cell factor (SCF), colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in cultured human umbilical-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs).	Vitamin A	37-44	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	122-149
28219867-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of retinol on the expressions of epidermal growth factor (EGF), stem cell factor (SCF), colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in cultured human umbilical-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs).	Vitamin A	37-44	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	151-155
28219867-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of retinol on the expressions of epidermal growth factor (EGF), stem cell factor (SCF), colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in cultured human umbilical-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs).	Vitamin A	37-44	LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine	Homo sapiens	161-193
28219867-6	2016	Retinol (1 micromol/L) significantly promoted the expressions of SCF and CSF1 at both mRNA and protein levels but did not result in changes of EGF and LIF expressions in human UCMSCs.	Vitamin A	0-7	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	65-68
28219867-6	2016	Retinol (1 micromol/L) significantly promoted the expressions of SCF and CSF1 at both mRNA and protein levels but did not result in changes of EGF and LIF expressions in human UCMSCs.	Vitamin A	0-7	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
28219867-7	2016	CONCLUSION: Retinol at the concentration of 1 micromol/L can promote expression of SCF and CSF1 in human UCMSCs in vitro.	Vitamin A	12-19	KIT ligand	Homo sapiens	83-86
28219867-7	2016	CONCLUSION: Retinol at the concentration of 1 micromol/L can promote expression of SCF and CSF1 in human UCMSCs in vitro.	Vitamin A	12-19	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	91-95
26901218-8	2016	Thus, genes controlling the turnover of vitamin D (CYP27B1, CYP24A1), vitamin A (ALDH1A3, AKR1B10), and cholesterol (CYP7B1), were up-regulated in psoriasis, whereas melanomas showed downregulation of genes regulating turnover of vitamin A (AKR1C3), and cholesterol (CYP39A1).	Vitamin A	70-79	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A3	Homo sapiens	81-88
26901218-8	2016	Thus, genes controlling the turnover of vitamin D (CYP27B1, CYP24A1), vitamin A (ALDH1A3, AKR1B10), and cholesterol (CYP7B1), were up-regulated in psoriasis, whereas melanomas showed downregulation of genes regulating turnover of vitamin A (AKR1C3), and cholesterol (CYP39A1).	Vitamin A	70-79	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens	90-97
26901218-8	2016	Thus, genes controlling the turnover of vitamin D (CYP27B1, CYP24A1), vitamin A (ALDH1A3, AKR1B10), and cholesterol (CYP7B1), were up-regulated in psoriasis, whereas melanomas showed downregulation of genes regulating turnover of vitamin A (AKR1C3), and cholesterol (CYP39A1).	Vitamin A	70-79	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3	Homo sapiens	241-247
26901218-8	2016	Thus, genes controlling the turnover of vitamin D (CYP27B1, CYP24A1), vitamin A (ALDH1A3, AKR1B10), and cholesterol (CYP7B1), were up-regulated in psoriasis, whereas melanomas showed downregulation of genes regulating turnover of vitamin A (AKR1C3), and cholesterol (CYP39A1).	Vitamin A	70-79	cytochrome P450 family 39 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	267-274
26901218-8	2016	Thus, genes controlling the turnover of vitamin D (CYP27B1, CYP24A1), vitamin A (ALDH1A3, AKR1B10), and cholesterol (CYP7B1), were up-regulated in psoriasis, whereas melanomas showed downregulation of genes regulating turnover of vitamin A (AKR1C3), and cholesterol (CYP39A1).	Vitamin A	230-239	cytochrome P450 family 24 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	60-67
26901218-8	2016	Thus, genes controlling the turnover of vitamin D (CYP27B1, CYP24A1), vitamin A (ALDH1A3, AKR1B10), and cholesterol (CYP7B1), were up-regulated in psoriasis, whereas melanomas showed downregulation of genes regulating turnover of vitamin A (AKR1C3), and cholesterol (CYP39A1).	Vitamin A	230-239	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A3	Homo sapiens	81-88
26901218-8	2016	Thus, genes controlling the turnover of vitamin D (CYP27B1, CYP24A1), vitamin A (ALDH1A3, AKR1B10), and cholesterol (CYP7B1), were up-regulated in psoriasis, whereas melanomas showed downregulation of genes regulating turnover of vitamin A (AKR1C3), and cholesterol (CYP39A1).	Vitamin A	230-239	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10	Homo sapiens	90-97
26901218-8	2016	Thus, genes controlling the turnover of vitamin D (CYP27B1, CYP24A1), vitamin A (ALDH1A3, AKR1B10), and cholesterol (CYP7B1), were up-regulated in psoriasis, whereas melanomas showed downregulation of genes regulating turnover of vitamin A (AKR1C3), and cholesterol (CYP39A1).	Vitamin A	230-239	cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	117-123
26566904-7	2016	Treatment with RA and vitamin A partially reversed the impaired vascular and alveolar development induced by VEGF inhibition.	Vitamin A	22-31	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	109-113
26702136-9	2016	During regression of CCl4-induced fibrosis, 20% of MC-derived myofibroblasts survived in the liver and deactivated to vitamin A-poor HSCs.	Vitamin A	118-127	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Homo sapiens	21-25
26836265-13	2016	CONCLUSIONS: We have identified a new gene, NCOR2, in the retinoic acid signalling pathway pointing to a role of vitamin A metabolism in the regulation of FVC.	Vitamin A	113-122	nuclear receptor corepressor 2	Homo sapiens	44-49
26909479-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin A supplementation on serum Th17 (IL-6, IL-17, IFNgamma) and Treg (TGF-beta, IL-10) related cytokines in obese and non-obese women.	Vitamin A	79-88	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	120-124
26909479-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin A supplementation on serum Th17 (IL-6, IL-17, IFNgamma) and Treg (TGF-beta, IL-10) related cytokines in obese and non-obese women.	Vitamin A	79-88	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	126-131
26909479-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin A supplementation on serum Th17 (IL-6, IL-17, IFNgamma) and Treg (TGF-beta, IL-10) related cytokines in obese and non-obese women.	Vitamin A	79-88	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	133-141
26909479-7	2016	The mean concentrations of IL-17 and TGF-beta were significantly decreased after vitamin A supplementation in non-obese and obese women respectively.	Vitamin A	81-90	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	27-32
26909479-7	2016	The mean concentrations of IL-17 and TGF-beta were significantly decreased after vitamin A supplementation in non-obese and obese women respectively.	Vitamin A	81-90	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	37-45
26909479-9	2016	CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study showed for the first time that vitamin A supplementation reduces serum concentrations of IL-17 and TGF-beta in reproductive age women.	Vitamin A	77-86	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	135-140
26909479-9	2016	CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study showed for the first time that vitamin A supplementation reduces serum concentrations of IL-17 and TGF-beta in reproductive age women.	Vitamin A	77-86	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	145-153
26723851-0	2016	Farnesoid X receptor-dependent and -independent pathways mediate the transcriptional control of human fibroblast growth factor 19 by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	133-142	xenotropic and polytropic retrovirus receptor 1	Homo sapiens	10-20
26723851-0	2016	Farnesoid X receptor-dependent and -independent pathways mediate the transcriptional control of human fibroblast growth factor 19 by vitamin A.	Vitamin A	133-142	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	102-129
26723851-3	2016	In mice, FGF15 expression (ortholog of human FGF19) is induced by vitamin A (VitA) in an FXR-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	66-75	fibroblast growth factor 15	Mus musculus	9-14
26723851-3	2016	In mice, FGF15 expression (ortholog of human FGF19) is induced by vitamin A (VitA) in an FXR-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	66-75	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	45-50
26723851-3	2016	In mice, FGF15 expression (ortholog of human FGF19) is induced by vitamin A (VitA) in an FXR-dependent manner.	Vitamin A	66-75	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	89-92
26723851-5	2016	Here, we demonstrate that VitA derivatives induce FGF19 in human intestinal cell lines by a direct transcriptional mechanism.	Vitamin A	26-30	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	50-55
26723851-7	2016	In addition to this direct effect, VitA derivatives impacted on the BA-mediated control of FGF19 by regulation of FXR protein levels.	Vitamin A	35-39	fibroblast growth factor 19	Homo sapiens	91-96
26723851-7	2016	In addition to this direct effect, VitA derivatives impacted on the BA-mediated control of FGF19 by regulation of FXR protein levels.	Vitamin A	35-39	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	114-117
26531761-2	2016	Activators of nuclear hormone receptors like bioactive vitamin A and D derivatives are known to induce TSLP up-regulation in the skin.	Vitamin A	55-64	thymic stromal lymphopoietin	Mus musculus	103-107
26429523-6	2016	We recently reported OATP1A2 to be expressed in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), where it mediates cellular uptake of all-trans-retinol (atROL), a key step in the classical visual cycle.	Vitamin A	125-142	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	21-28
26429523-6	2016	We recently reported OATP1A2 to be expressed in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), where it mediates cellular uptake of all-trans-retinol (atROL), a key step in the classical visual cycle.	Vitamin A	144-149	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	21-28
26429523-7	2016	In this study, we demonstrate that CQ and HCQ could markedly impair atROL uptake in OATP1A2-expressing HEK293 cells and more importantly, in primary human RPE cells.	Vitamin A	68-73	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	84-91
26429523-8	2016	Our study shows that CQ and HCQ are novel inhibitors of OATP1A2 and significantly impair OATP1A2-mediated substrate uptake, particularly transport of atROL into the RPE.	Vitamin A	150-155	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2	Homo sapiens	89-96