PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
29154902-4	2018	Since dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors prevent fibrosis in tissues, such as heart, liver and kidney, the objective of this study was to assess whether vildagliptin, a DPP-IV inhibitor, prevents fibrosis in WAT in a mouse model of obesity, and to investigate the mechanisms underlying this effect.	Vildagliptin	162-174	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	6-29
29154902-4	2018	Since dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors prevent fibrosis in tissues, such as heart, liver and kidney, the objective of this study was to assess whether vildagliptin, a DPP-IV inhibitor, prevents fibrosis in WAT in a mouse model of obesity, and to investigate the mechanisms underlying this effect.	Vildagliptin	162-174	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	31-37
29154902-4	2018	Since dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors prevent fibrosis in tissues, such as heart, liver and kidney, the objective of this study was to assess whether vildagliptin, a DPP-IV inhibitor, prevents fibrosis in WAT in a mouse model of obesity, and to investigate the mechanisms underlying this effect.	Vildagliptin	162-174	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	178-184
29154902-7	2018	In the in vitro study, the inhibition of DPP-IV with vildagliptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) treatment and NPY Y1 receptor activation prevents ECM deposition and fibrosis markers increase induced by TGFbeta1 treatment.	Vildagliptin	53-65	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	41-47
29257340-5	2018	The expression levels of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were increased, and the expression levels of caspase-3, Bcl-2 associated X protein and AD-associated proteins were decreased in the hippocampus following treatment with vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	220-232	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	25-42
29257340-5	2018	The expression levels of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were increased, and the expression levels of caspase-3, Bcl-2 associated X protein and AD-associated proteins were decreased in the hippocampus following treatment with vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	220-232	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
29257340-5	2018	The expression levels of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were increased, and the expression levels of caspase-3, Bcl-2 associated X protein and AD-associated proteins were decreased in the hippocampus following treatment with vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	220-232	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	96-105
29257340-5	2018	The expression levels of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were increased, and the expression levels of caspase-3, Bcl-2 associated X protein and AD-associated proteins were decreased in the hippocampus following treatment with vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	220-232	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	107-133
29386477-3	2018	Next, by focusing on changes of GLP-1 concentration after administration of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (vildagliptin, alogliptin, sitagliptin, linagliptin), we analyzed the relationship between Phi and clinical efficacy.	Vildagliptin	119-131	glucagon	Homo sapiens	32-37
29145151-2	2018	Vildagliptin (VG) inhibits DPP-4 therefore regulates the incretins that conversely maintains glycemic control.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	27-32
29396374-2	2018	We implemented this phase II study to test the hypothesis that vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is superior to placebo in terms of reducing the risk of postpartum diabetes.	Vildagliptin	63-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-101
29472575-6	2018	Intrathecal application of two DPP4 inhibitors tripeptide isoleucin-prolin-isoleucin (IPI) and the antidiabetic drug vildagliptin resulted in robust opioid-dependent antihyperalgesic effect during inflammation, and milder but significant opioid-independent antihyperalgesic action in the neuropathic model.	Vildagliptin	117-129	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
29793329-2	2018	We have previously shown that the Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, also led to improved insulin sensitivity and brain function in the obese-insulin resistant condition.	Vildagliptin	68-80	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	34-56
29073562-2	2018	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) is an oral anti-diabetic drug, using for treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	34-46	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-22
29036231-2	2017	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin is highly efficacious in treating T2D.	Vildagliptin	37-49	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	4-26
28418203-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor commonly used as a dual oral agent with metformin, thiazolidinediones, or sulfonylurea for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
29031704-4	2018	In the present study, we analyzed the effects of the DPPIV blocker vildagliptin as single agent or in combination with the BCR/ABL1 TKI imatinib or nilotinib on growth and survival of CML LSCs in vitro and on LSC engraftment in an in vivo xenotransplantation nonobese diabetic SCID-IL-2Rgamma-/- (NSG) mouse model.	Vildagliptin	67-79	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	53-58
29032139-1	2018	OBJECTIVES: This study sought to examine the safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.	Vildagliptin	93-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-81
28983844-5	2017	This review will focus on vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor with a large body of evidence in patients with moderate to severe renal failure and a good clinical profile in terms of efficacy and safety.	Vildagliptin	26-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
27752788-8	2017	Sitagliptin, saxagliptin and vildagliptin had an ICER below 25,000 $/QALY, as second-line and as add-ons to metformin, in comparison to sulfonylureas.	Vildagliptin	29-41	cAMP responsive element modulator	Homo sapiens	49-53
29036231-8	2017	The serum GLP-1 level increased more in the vildagliptin-treated group than in the T2D group.	Vildagliptin	44-56	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	10-15
29037205-5	2017	The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-EndMT effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in pulmonary fibrosis after systemic endotoxemic injury.	Vildagliptin	87-99	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	71-76
29037205-15	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Inhibiting DPP-4 signaling by vildagliptin could ameliorate pulmonary fibrosis by downregulating EndMT in systemic LPS-induced lung injury.	Vildagliptin	43-55	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	24-29
28921310-0	2017	Effects of Vildagliptin Add-on Insulin Therapy on Nocturnal Glycemic Variations in Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes.	Vildagliptin	11-23	insulin	Homo sapiens	31-38
28807765-1	2017	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) has been shown to exert beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and neuroprotection in obese-insulin resistance.	Vildagliptin	34-46	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-22
28921310-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: To investigate whether vildagliptin add-on insulin therapy improves glycemic variations in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to patients with placebo therapy.	Vildagliptin	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
28921310-5	2017	Subjects were randomly assigned to a vildagliptin add-on insulin therapy group (n = 17) or a matched placebo group (n = 16).	Vildagliptin	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
28921310-13	2017	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin add-on therapy to insulin has the ability to improve glycemic variations, especially during the nocturnal time period, in patients with uncontrolled T2D.	Vildagliptin	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	43-50
28887562-8	2017	Vildagliptin (10 mg/kg/day), targeting the incretin axis by increasing GLP-1, also reduced blood pressure and improved EDR in SHR aortas, mainly via the inhibition of contractile PGs, but not in STZ-SHR.	Vildagliptin	0-12	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
28631242-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: To assess the impact of duration of type 2 diabetes on glucose-lowering effectiveness of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin versus sulfonylureas (SUs) in a real-life setting.	Vildagliptin	148-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	107-129
28526921-2	2017	METHODS: Beta cell-specific insulin receptor knockout (betaIRKO) mice, which exhibit beta cell dysfunction and an age-dependent decrease in beta cell mass, were treated with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	211-223	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	178-200
28631242-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: To assess the impact of duration of type 2 diabetes on glucose-lowering effectiveness of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin versus sulfonylureas (SUs) in a real-life setting.	Vildagliptin	148-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	131-136
29632607-3	2017	Vildagliptin, one of the earliest DPP-4 inhibitors, has been tested across the entire spectrum of type 2 diabetes and has been in clinical use for 20 years.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	34-39
28526921-4	2017	RESULTS: The sustained elevation in circulating GLP-1 levels, caused by treatment of the knockout mice with vildagliptin for 6 weeks, significantly improved glucose tolerance secondary to enhanced insulin secretion and proliferation of beta cells.	Vildagliptin	108-120	glucagon	Mus musculus	48-53
28526921-6	2017	Pancreases from the vildagliptin-treated betaIRKO mice exhibited increased cyclin D1 expression, while cyclin D2 expression was impaired.	Vildagliptin	20-32	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	75-84
28526921-6	2017	Pancreases from the vildagliptin-treated betaIRKO mice exhibited increased cyclin D1 expression, while cyclin D2 expression was impaired.	Vildagliptin	20-32	cyclin D2	Mus musculus	103-112
29632608-5	2017	The studies establish that vildagliptin is a selective DPP-4 inhibitor that blocks GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) inactivation, thereby prolonging their action, resulting in improved glycaemic control.	Vildagliptin	27-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
29632608-5	2017	The studies establish that vildagliptin is a selective DPP-4 inhibitor that blocks GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) inactivation, thereby prolonging their action, resulting in improved glycaemic control.	Vildagliptin	27-39	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	83-88
29632608-5	2017	The studies establish that vildagliptin is a selective DPP-4 inhibitor that blocks GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) inactivation, thereby prolonging their action, resulting in improved glycaemic control.	Vildagliptin	27-39	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	93-137
29632608-5	2017	The studies establish that vildagliptin is a selective DPP-4 inhibitor that blocks GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) inactivation, thereby prolonging their action, resulting in improved glycaemic control.	Vildagliptin	27-39	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	139-142
29632609-0	2017	Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Development and Post-authorisation Programme for Vildagliptin - Clinical Evidence for Optimised Management of Chronic Diseases Beyond Type 2 Diabetes.	Vildagliptin	82-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
29632609-8	2017	This review encompasses unique developments in the global landscape, and the role DPP-4 inhibitors, specifically vildagliptin, have played in research advancement and optimisation of diabetes care in a diverse population with T2DM worldwide.	Vildagliptin	113-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-87
29632610-1	2017	Vildagliptin is one of the most extensively studied dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in terms of its clinical utility.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-74
29632610-1	2017	Vildagliptin is one of the most extensively studied dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in terms of its clinical utility.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-81
28532406-0	2017	The addition of vildagliptin to metformin prevents the elevation of interleukin 1ss in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease: a prospective, randomized, open-label study.	Vildagliptin	16-28	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	68-81
28271502-0	2017	Trigonelline and vildagliptin antidiabetic effect: improvement of insulin signalling pathway.	Vildagliptin	17-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	66-73
28532406-11	2017	CONCLUSION: The addition of vildagliptin to metformin treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes and CAD led to a significant suppression of the IL-1ss elevation during follow up.	Vildagliptin	28-40	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	145-149
28489279-18	2017	We judged none of the included trials at low risk of bias for all "Risk of bias" domains and did not perform meta-analyses because there were not enough trials.One trial comparing the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin with placebo reported no deaths (very low-quality evidence).	Vildagliptin	200-212	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	184-189
28303721-8	2017	At week 24, significant reductions in mean (+-SD) HbA1c were observed in the vildagliptin (-1.47 +- 0.79%) and vildagliptin + metformin (-1.62 +- 0.82%) groups (both p < 0.0001) from baseline HbA1c of 8.1% and 8.4%, respectively.	Vildagliptin	77-89	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	50-54
28303721-8	2017	At week 24, significant reductions in mean (+-SD) HbA1c were observed in the vildagliptin (-1.47 +- 0.79%) and vildagliptin + metformin (-1.62 +- 0.82%) groups (both p < 0.0001) from baseline HbA1c of 8.1% and 8.4%, respectively.	Vildagliptin	111-123	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	50-54
28403729-1	2017	INTRODUCTION: Vildagliptin is an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4, indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, combined or not with metformin.	Vildagliptin	14-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-79
28281660-2	2017	Although either estrogen or the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, vildagliptin, reduces myocardial damage following cardiac I/R, their effects on the heart in obese-insulin resistant and estrogen deprived conditions remain unknown.	Vildagliptin	74-86	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	32-54
28408838-10	2017	Further, it can be speculated that glucagon suppression may become the predominant mechanism via which glycemic control is improved when treatment with a DPP-4 inhibitor, such as vildagliptin, is initiated late in the natural course of T2DM.	Vildagliptin	179-191	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	154-159
28281660-2	2017	Although either estrogen or the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, vildagliptin, reduces myocardial damage following cardiac I/R, their effects on the heart in obese-insulin resistant and estrogen deprived conditions remain unknown.	Vildagliptin	74-86	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
27895112-2	2017	Our in vitro study previously demonstrated that DPP-4 itself greatly contributed to the hydrolysis of vildagliptin in mouse, rat, and human livers.	Vildagliptin	102-114	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	48-53
28179966-0	2017	Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin as an Add-On Therapy in Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Patients Treated With Basal Insulin.	Vildagliptin	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	128-135
28182722-9	2017	Improvements in glycemic control were statistically significantly associated with the tested DPP-4 inhibitors in the high HGI group (-2.4, -1.4, -1.2 and -2.2% [-26.2, -15.3, -13.1 and -24.0 mmol/mol] for vildagliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin and sitagliptin, respectively) but not in the low HGI group.	Vildagliptin	205-217	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-98
28367418-3	2017	To understand such micro-environment, we performed in silico interaction analysis between a human target protein, Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV (DPP-4), and three anti-diabetic drugs (saxagliptin, linagliptin and vildagliptin).	Vildagliptin	207-219	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-137
27939504-0	2017	Anti-inflammatory effects on ischemia/reperfusion-injured lung transplants by the cluster of differentiation 26/dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (CD26/DPP4) inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	156-168	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	112-133
27939504-0	2017	Anti-inflammatory effects on ischemia/reperfusion-injured lung transplants by the cluster of differentiation 26/dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (CD26/DPP4) inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	156-168	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	135-139
27939504-0	2017	Anti-inflammatory effects on ischemia/reperfusion-injured lung transplants by the cluster of differentiation 26/dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (CD26/DPP4) inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	156-168	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	140-144
27939504-4	2017	Donor lungs were preconditioned with saline or the CD26/DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin (1 mug/mL [3 muM]).	Vildagliptin	71-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-60
27939504-7	2017	RESULTS: Cold ischemic time of 18 hours with vildagliptin preconditioning elevated lung SDF-1 levels (P = .0011) and increased interleukin-10-producing macrophages (P = .0165) compared with the control.	Vildagliptin	45-57	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12	Mus musculus	88-93
27939504-7	2017	RESULTS: Cold ischemic time of 18 hours with vildagliptin preconditioning elevated lung SDF-1 levels (P = .0011) and increased interleukin-10-producing macrophages (P = .0165) compared with the control.	Vildagliptin	45-57	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	127-141
27939504-9	2017	Five hours after Tx, vildagliptin significantly reduced macrophages and neutrophils (P = .0306), decreased ICAM-1 expression (P = .002), and improved transplant oxygenation (P = .0181).	Vildagliptin	21-33	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	107-113
27939504-12	2017	CONCLUSIONS: This study proves an intermediate improvement of ischemia/reperfusion-injured lung transplants by the CD26/DPP4-inhibitor vildagliptin up to 14 days.	Vildagliptin	135-147	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	115-119
27939504-12	2017	CONCLUSIONS: This study proves an intermediate improvement of ischemia/reperfusion-injured lung transplants by the CD26/DPP4-inhibitor vildagliptin up to 14 days.	Vildagliptin	135-147	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	120-124
27895112-0	2017	Hepatic Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Controls Pharmacokinetics of Vildagliptin In Vivo.	Vildagliptin	60-72	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	8-30
27895112-1	2017	The main route of elimination of vildagliptin, which is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), in humans is cyano group hydrolysis to produce a carboxylic acid metabolite M20.7.	Vildagliptin	33-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-94
27895112-1	2017	The main route of elimination of vildagliptin, which is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), in humans is cyano group hydrolysis to produce a carboxylic acid metabolite M20.7.	Vildagliptin	33-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-101
27895112-3	2017	To investigate whether hepatic DPP-4 contributes to the hydrolysis of vildagliptin in vivo, in the present study, we conducted in vivo pharmacokinetics studies of vildagliptin in mice coadministered with vildagliptin and sitagliptin, which is another DPP-4 inhibitor, and also in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice.	Vildagliptin	70-82	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	31-36
27895112-8	2017	These findings indicated that DPP-4 greatly contributed to the hydrolysis of vildagliptin in vivo and that not plasma, but hepatic DPP-4 controlled pharmacokinetics of vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	77-89	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	30-35
27300579-5	2016	Meal-related total GLP-1 responses were reduced by vildagliptin and sitagliptin treatment alike in the majority of patients (vildagliptin: p = 0.0005; sitagliptin: p = 0.019), but with substantial inter-individual variation.	Vildagliptin	51-63	glucagon	Homo sapiens	19-24
28093996-13	2017	Sitagliptin and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and have no risk of hypoglycemia when used as monotherapy.	Vildagliptin	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
27914297-0	2017	Long-term efficacy and safety of vildagliptin add-on therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus with insulin treatment.	Vildagliptin	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
27914297-10	2017	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin as an add-on to insulin treatment for 24months was well tolerated and led to sustained reductions in HbA1c, the dose and number of insulin injections, and the risk of hypoglycemia.	Vildagliptin	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
27914297-10	2017	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin as an add-on to insulin treatment for 24months was well tolerated and led to sustained reductions in HbA1c, the dose and number of insulin injections, and the risk of hypoglycemia.	Vildagliptin	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	156-163
28251104-4	2017	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of DPP-4 inhibitors, namely vildagliptin and saxagliptin on acute and subacute models of inflammation.	Vildagliptin	93-105	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	68-73
27723572-5	2016	The DPP-IV inhibitor (Vildagliptin) and ZnONPs alone or in combination significantly decreased microRNA-103 and microRNA-143 expression compared to the diabetic group, indicating antidiabetic effects.	Vildagliptin	22-34	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	4-10
27875248-11	2017	Although CR is effective in improving metabolic regulation, vildagliptin provides greater efficacy in preventing cardiac dysfunction by improving anti-apoptosis and FGF21 signaling pathways and attenuating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction in obese-insulin-resistant rats.	Vildagliptin	60-72	fibroblast growth factor 21	Rattus norvegicus	165-170
28109096-9	2017	GLP-1R expression was increased after vildagliptin treatment (P<0.05).	Vildagliptin	38-50	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
28109096-11	2017	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin can suppress temporal lobe epilepsy in rats by up-regulating GLP-1 and GLP-1R expressions.	Vildagliptin	12-24	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
28109096-11	2017	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin can suppress temporal lobe epilepsy in rats by up-regulating GLP-1 and GLP-1R expressions.	Vildagliptin	12-24	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	96-102
27753637-1	2017	This article describes acute toxicity data in cynomolgus monkeys following oral treatment with vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.	Vildagliptin	95-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Macaca fascicularis	111-133
27598511-2	2016	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin (VILD), during intraduodenal (ID) glucose infusion at 2 different rates within the physiological range of gastric emptying, in type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	59-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
27881129-9	2016	Compared with placebo, DPP4i (sitagliptin and vildagliptin) treatment significantly elevated adiponectin levels by 0.74 mug/mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45 to 1.03) relative to that using an active-comparison by 0.00 mug/mL (95% CI, -0.57 to 0.56).	Vildagliptin	46-58	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	93-104
27881129-10	2016	Compared with active-comparison, vildagliptin treatment increased adiponectin levels by 0.32 mug/mL (95% CI, -0.01 to 0.65), whereas sitagliptin treatment decreased adiponectin levels by -0.24 mug/mL (95% CI, -1.07 to 0.58).	Vildagliptin	33-45	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	66-77
27881129-12	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Sitagliptin and vildagliptin increased serum adiponectin levels and had no stronger effect than traditional oral antidiabetic drugs.	Vildagliptin	29-41	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	58-69
27300579-5	2016	Meal-related total GLP-1 responses were reduced by vildagliptin and sitagliptin treatment alike in the majority of patients (vildagliptin: p = 0.0005; sitagliptin: p = 0.019), but with substantial inter-individual variation.	Vildagliptin	125-137	glucagon	Homo sapiens	19-24
27300579-9	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin and sitagliptin affected incretin hormones, glucose concentrations, insulin and glucagon secretion in a similar manner.	Vildagliptin	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
27550549-8	2016	At week 16, mean change in HbA1c from baseline for vildagliptin and SU were -0.1% and +0.3%, respectively, with a between-treatment difference of -0.4% (p < 0.001).	Vildagliptin	51-63	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	27-31
27759084-5	2016	We found that pro-inflammatory S100 calcium-binding protein (S100) a8 and S100a9 were induced more than 5-fold by vildagliptin in the mouse liver.	Vildagliptin	114-126	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Mus musculus	31-35
27759084-5	2016	We found that pro-inflammatory S100 calcium-binding protein (S100) a8 and S100a9 were induced more than 5-fold by vildagliptin in the mouse liver.	Vildagliptin	114-126	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Mus musculus	61-65
27759084-5	2016	We found that pro-inflammatory S100 calcium-binding protein (S100) a8 and S100a9 were induced more than 5-fold by vildagliptin in the mouse liver.	Vildagliptin	114-126	S100 calcium binding protein A9 (calgranulin B)	Mus musculus	74-80
27759084-6	2016	We further examined the effects of vildagliptin and its major metabolite M20.7 on the mRNA expression levels of S100A8 and S100A9 in human hepatoma HepG2 and leukemia HL-60 cells.	Vildagliptin	35-47	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	112-118
27759084-6	2016	We further examined the effects of vildagliptin and its major metabolite M20.7 on the mRNA expression levels of S100A8 and S100A9 in human hepatoma HepG2 and leukemia HL-60 cells.	Vildagliptin	35-47	S100 calcium binding protein A9	Homo sapiens	123-129
27759084-7	2016	In HepG2 cells, vildagliptin, M20.7, and sitagliptin - another DPP-4 inhibitor - induced S100A9 mRNA.	Vildagliptin	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
27759084-7	2016	In HepG2 cells, vildagliptin, M20.7, and sitagliptin - another DPP-4 inhibitor - induced S100A9 mRNA.	Vildagliptin	16-28	S100 calcium binding protein A9	Homo sapiens	89-95
27759084-8	2016	In HL-60 cells, in contrast, S100A8 and S100A9 mRNAs were significantly induced by vildagliptin and M20.7, but not by sitagliptin.	Vildagliptin	83-95	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	29-35
27759084-8	2016	In HL-60 cells, in contrast, S100A8 and S100A9 mRNAs were significantly induced by vildagliptin and M20.7, but not by sitagliptin.	Vildagliptin	83-95	S100 calcium binding protein A9	Homo sapiens	40-46
27759084-9	2016	The release of S100A8/A9 complex in the cell culturing medium was observed in the HL-60 cells treated with vildagliptin and M20.7.	Vildagliptin	107-119	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	15-21
27759084-10	2016	Therefore, the parental vildagliptin- and M20.7-induced release of S100A8/A9 complex from immune cells, such as neutrophils, might be a contributing factor of vildagliptin-associated liver dysfunction in humans.	Vildagliptin	24-36	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	67-73
27759084-10	2016	Therefore, the parental vildagliptin- and M20.7-induced release of S100A8/A9 complex from immune cells, such as neutrophils, might be a contributing factor of vildagliptin-associated liver dysfunction in humans.	Vildagliptin	159-171	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	67-73
27759084-0	2016	Vildagliptin and its metabolite M20.7 induce the expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in human hepatoma HepG2 and leukemia HL-60 cells.	Vildagliptin	0-12	S100 calcium binding protein A8	Homo sapiens	63-69
27759084-0	2016	Vildagliptin and its metabolite M20.7 induce the expression of S100A8 and S100A9 in human hepatoma HepG2 and leukemia HL-60 cells.	Vildagliptin	0-12	S100 calcium binding protein A9	Homo sapiens	74-80
27759084-1	2016	Vildagliptin is a potent, orally active inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-75
27759084-1	2016	Vildagliptin is a potent, orally active inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
27543302-2	2016	Testosterone and vildagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors) exert cardioprotection during ischemic-reperfusion (I/R) injury.	Vildagliptin	17-29	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	31-53
27321385-1	2016	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors vildagliptin and sitagliptin are effective in treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	38-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
27321385-2	2016	Patients receiving standard doses of sitagliptin plus insulin may require increased doses of sitagliptin or switching to vildagliptin to improve blood glucose control.	Vildagliptin	121-133	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
27193434-1	2016	We conducted this pilot study to examine efficacy and safety of switching from subcutaneous injection of insulin to oral administration of a DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis.	Vildagliptin	158-170	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-146
27031194-10	2016	Disproportionality was also observed for each DPP-IV inhibitor: vildagliptin (ROR 225 3, 95% CI 148 9-340 9), sitagliptin (ROR 17 0, 95% CI 8 9-32 5) and saxagliptin (ROR 16 5, 95% CI 2 3-119 1).	Vildagliptin	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-52
27031194-10	2016	Disproportionality was also observed for each DPP-IV inhibitor: vildagliptin (ROR 225 3, 95% CI 148 9-340 9), sitagliptin (ROR 17 0, 95% CI 8 9-32 5) and saxagliptin (ROR 16 5, 95% CI 2 3-119 1).	Vildagliptin	64-76	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, regulator of reprogramming	Homo sapiens	78-81
27031194-14	2016	The signal was higher with vildagliptin than with the other DPP-IV inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	27-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-66
27207543-0	2016	Quantification of the Contribution of GLP-1 to Mediating Insulinotropic Effects of DPP-4 Inhibition With Vildagliptin in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Using Exendin [9-39] as a GLP-1 Receptor Antagonist.	Vildagliptin	105-117	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	38-43
27207543-0	2016	Quantification of the Contribution of GLP-1 to Mediating Insulinotropic Effects of DPP-4 Inhibition With Vildagliptin in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Using Exendin [9-39] as a GLP-1 Receptor Antagonist.	Vildagliptin	105-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
27207543-1	2016	We quantified the contribution of GLP-1 as a mediator of the therapeutic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition (vildagliptin) by using the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin [9-39] in patients with type 2 diabetes and in healthy subjects.	Vildagliptin	127-139	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	34-39
27207543-1	2016	We quantified the contribution of GLP-1 as a mediator of the therapeutic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition (vildagliptin) by using the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin [9-39] in patients with type 2 diabetes and in healthy subjects.	Vildagliptin	127-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-106
27207543-1	2016	We quantified the contribution of GLP-1 as a mediator of the therapeutic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition (vildagliptin) by using the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin [9-39] in patients with type 2 diabetes and in healthy subjects.	Vildagliptin	127-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-113
27207543-5	2016	Vildagliptin treatment more than doubled responses of intact GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and lowered glucose responses without changing AUCISR/AUCglucose in healthy subjects.	Vildagliptin	0-12	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	61-66
27207543-5	2016	Vildagliptin treatment more than doubled responses of intact GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and lowered glucose responses without changing AUCISR/AUCglucose in healthy subjects.	Vildagliptin	0-12	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	71-115
27520566-4	2016	Here we describe a patient who developed drug-induced acute lung injury shortly after the administration of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	145-157	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-134
27520566-12	2016	The precise mechanism of her vildagliptin-induced lung injury remains uncertain, but physicians should consider that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor-induced lung injury, although rare, may appear acutely, even within days after administration of this drug.	Vildagliptin	29-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-139
27326818-2	2016	Metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) were reported to improve cardiac function in insulin-resistant rats.	Vildagliptin	48-60	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	14-36
27462276-3	2016	Therefore, the present study aimed to test the hypothesis that DPPIV inhibition by vildagliptin improves renal water and salt handling and exerts anti-proteinuric effects in rats with established HF.	Vildagliptin	83-95	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
27462276-12	2016	Furthermore, the anti-proteinuric effect of vildagliptin treatment in rats with established HF was associated with upregulation of the apical proximal tubule endocytic receptor megalin and of the podocyte main slit diaphragm proteins nephrin and podocin.	Vildagliptin	44-56	LDL receptor related protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	177-184
27462276-12	2016	Furthermore, the anti-proteinuric effect of vildagliptin treatment in rats with established HF was associated with upregulation of the apical proximal tubule endocytic receptor megalin and of the podocyte main slit diaphragm proteins nephrin and podocin.	Vildagliptin	44-56	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Rattus norvegicus	234-241
27462276-12	2016	Furthermore, the anti-proteinuric effect of vildagliptin treatment in rats with established HF was associated with upregulation of the apical proximal tubule endocytic receptor megalin and of the podocyte main slit diaphragm proteins nephrin and podocin.	Vildagliptin	44-56	NPHS2 stomatin family member, podocin	Rattus norvegicus	246-253
27044778-10	2016	Although all drugs improved insulin resistance, HRV, LV function as well as reduced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, vildagliptin effectively reduced cardiomyocyte cross-sectional areas more than enalapril and was related to markedly decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation.	Vildagliptin	118-130	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	245-251
27382546-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is wildly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with mono- or combination-therapy.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
27382546-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is wildly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with mono- or combination-therapy.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
27209165-1	2016	Vildagliptin is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 that is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
27209165-5	2016	MiR-222 and miR-877, toxicity-associated miRNAs, were induced 31- and 53-fold, respectively, by vildagliptin in the liver.	Vildagliptin	96-108	microRNA 222	Homo sapiens	0-7
27209165-5	2016	MiR-222 and miR-877, toxicity-associated miRNAs, were induced 31- and 53-fold, respectively, by vildagliptin in the liver.	Vildagliptin	96-108	microRNA 877	Homo sapiens	12-19
27209165-9	2016	A slight induction of miR-222 by vildagliptin was observed in the 3D-HepG2 cells, although miR-877 was not induced by vildagliptin even in the 3D-HepG2 cells.	Vildagliptin	33-45	microRNA 222	Homo sapiens	22-29
27376699-12	2016	Treatment intensification with second OAD, particularly with a DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin, resulted in good treatment response without tolerability issues despite delayed intensification of failing monotherapy across regions.	Vildagliptin	79-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
27251372-6	2016	We recently found that the antidiabetic drug vildagliptin stimulates LXR expression leading to increased ABCB1/ABCG1 expression which improves cholesterol efflux from adipocytes.	Vildagliptin	45-57	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
27251372-6	2016	We recently found that the antidiabetic drug vildagliptin stimulates LXR expression leading to increased ABCB1/ABCG1 expression which improves cholesterol efflux from adipocytes.	Vildagliptin	45-57	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1	Homo sapiens	111-116
27251372-10	2016	Our data indicate that a combination of vildagliptin and pravastatin significantly induces the expression of LXR-ABCA1/ABCG1 cascade and improves cholesterol efflux (P > 0.05) in adipocytes.	Vildagliptin	40-52	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
27251372-10	2016	Our data indicate that a combination of vildagliptin and pravastatin significantly induces the expression of LXR-ABCA1/ABCG1 cascade and improves cholesterol efflux (P > 0.05) in adipocytes.	Vildagliptin	40-52	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1	Homo sapiens	119-124
26950829-1	2016	Objective The present study aimed to compare the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors vildagliptin and saxagliptin on 24 hour acute glucose fluctuations in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea.	Vildagliptin	106-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
26950829-1	2016	Objective The present study aimed to compare the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors vildagliptin and saxagliptin on 24 hour acute glucose fluctuations in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea.	Vildagliptin	106-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
27044778-13	2016	In obese-insulin-resistant rats with chronic MI, DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin exerts better cardioprotection than enalapril in attenuating adverse LV remodeling.	Vildagliptin	64-76	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
26871938-1	2016	The enantiomers of vildagliptin, an orally available and selective dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor used for the treatment of type II diabetes, have been separated by CD-modified CZE, using uncoated fused-silica capillary.	Vildagliptin	19-31	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-89
25656593-3	2016	This study was undertaken to determine whether and how vildagliptin (a potent dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor) might reduce intimal hyperplasia in vein grafts.	Vildagliptin	55-67	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Oryctolagus cuniculus	78-100
25656593-7	2016	RESULTS: Under fasting conditions, vildagliptin increased the plasma GLP-1 concentration, without affecting plasma glucose or insulin.	Vildagliptin	35-47	glucagon	Homo sapiens	69-74
26786576-2	2016	This study was designed to evaluate whether a protein preload could improve the efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin to increase incretin concentrations, slow gastric emptying, and lower postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	137-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-118
27067162-5	2016	In exploratory analysis, statistically significant ROR emerged for DPP-4-I as a class (ROR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.05-1.29), saxagliptin (1.68; 1.29-2.17), vildagliptin (2.39; 1.38-4.14), and rosiglitazone (13.98; 13.30-14.70).	Vildagliptin	151-163	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, regulator of reprogramming	Homo sapiens	51-54
27067162-5	2016	In exploratory analysis, statistically significant ROR emerged for DPP-4-I as a class (ROR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.05-1.29), saxagliptin (1.68; 1.29-2.17), vildagliptin (2.39; 1.38-4.14), and rosiglitazone (13.98; 13.30-14.70).	Vildagliptin	151-163	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-72
27067162-6	2016	In consolidated analyses, the ROR for saxagliptin (2.60; 1.92-3.50) and vildagliptin (4.07; 2.28-7.27) increased, and became also significant for sitagliptin (1.61; 1.40-1.86).	Vildagliptin	72-84	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, regulator of reprogramming	Homo sapiens	30-33
26786576-2	2016	This study was designed to evaluate whether a protein preload could improve the efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin to increase incretin concentrations, slow gastric emptying, and lower postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	137-149	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-125
26632647-9	2016	Vildagliptin has the potential to protect the liver against CsA-induced hepatotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress, DPP-4 activity, apoptosis, and inflammation.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
26802469-4	2016	Linagliptin and higher concentrations of sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and alogliptin all inhibited FFA-bound albumin-induced increases in mRNA expression of MCP-1 in cultured mouse proximal tubular cells.	Vildagliptin	54-66	mast cell protease 1	Mus musculus	155-160
26632647-1	2016	The study examined the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, vildagliptin, in cyclosporine (CsA)-induced hepatotoxicity.	Vildagliptin	75-87	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	33-55
26632647-1	2016	The study examined the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, vildagliptin, in cyclosporine (CsA)-induced hepatotoxicity.	Vildagliptin	75-87	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
26603140-0	2016	The dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin suppresses development of neuropathy in diabetic rodents: effects on peripheral sensory nerve function, structure and molecular changes.	Vildagliptin	38-50	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	4-27
26603140-2	2016	The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism through which dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, vildagliptin (VG), influences neuropathy in diabetic rodents.	Vildagliptin	103-115	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	68-91
26824365-7	2016	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, vildagliptin) are not inferior to sulfonylureas, causing significantly less hypoglycaemia and not inducing weight gain.	Vildagliptin	87-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
26773932-0	2016	Soluble DPP-4 up-regulates toll-like receptors and augments inflammatory reactions, which are ameliorated by vildagliptin or mannose-6-phosphate.	Vildagliptin	109-121	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	8-13
26773932-4	2016	RESULTS: In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, vildagliptin suppressed the increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and phosphorylated JNK (pJNK), activation of the NF-kappaB pathway, and the resultant NO and proinflammatory cytokine production.	Vildagliptin	64-76	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	116-147
26773932-4	2016	RESULTS: In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, vildagliptin suppressed the increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and phosphorylated JNK (pJNK), activation of the NF-kappaB pathway, and the resultant NO and proinflammatory cytokine production.	Vildagliptin	64-76	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	149-153
26773932-4	2016	RESULTS: In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, vildagliptin suppressed the increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and phosphorylated JNK (pJNK), activation of the NF-kappaB pathway, and the resultant NO and proinflammatory cytokine production.	Vildagliptin	64-76	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	174-177
26773932-6	2016	As a probable mechanism, we found that sDPP-4 caused dose-dependent increases in the expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 in RAW264.7 cells, and that these alterations were inhibited by vildagliptin, M6P, or bisindolylmaleimide II, a protein kinase C inhibitor.	Vildagliptin	207-219	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	106-126
26773932-6	2016	As a probable mechanism, we found that sDPP-4 caused dose-dependent increases in the expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 in RAW264.7 cells, and that these alterations were inhibited by vildagliptin, M6P, or bisindolylmaleimide II, a protein kinase C inhibitor.	Vildagliptin	207-219	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	128-132
26773932-6	2016	As a probable mechanism, we found that sDPP-4 caused dose-dependent increases in the expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and TLR2 in RAW264.7 cells, and that these alterations were inhibited by vildagliptin, M6P, or bisindolylmaleimide II, a protein kinase C inhibitor.	Vildagliptin	207-219	toll-like receptor 2	Mus musculus	138-142
26773932-7	2016	Either vildagliptin or M6P suppressed iNOS expression and NO and cytokine production in LPS+DPP-4-co-stimulated macrophages, while combined treatment of the co-stimulated cells with both agents had increased anti-inflammatory effects compared with either treatment alone.	Vildagliptin	7-19	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	38-42
26773932-7	2016	Either vildagliptin or M6P suppressed iNOS expression and NO and cytokine production in LPS+DPP-4-co-stimulated macrophages, while combined treatment of the co-stimulated cells with both agents had increased anti-inflammatory effects compared with either treatment alone.	Vildagliptin	7-19	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	92-97
26855580-0	2016	Does the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin reduce HbA1c to a greater extent in Japanese patients than in Caucasian patients?	Vildagliptin	72-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
26855580-2	2016	We aimed to compare the efficacy of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (50 mg twice daily [bid]) between Japanese and Caucasian populations.	Vildagliptin	56-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
26620049-2	2015	METHODS: In this 12-week placebo-controlled study, patients were randomized to receive either vildagliptin 50 mg twice daily (bid) or placebo treatment in a 1:1 ratio.	Vildagliptin	94-106	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	126-129
27048342-8	2016	However, a significant elevation of plasma adiponectin concentrations was observed in the subset of trials with vildagliptin (WMD: 0.55 mug/mL, 95%CI: 0.13, 0.98, p=0.010) but not sitagliptin (WMD: -0.06 mug/mL, 95%CI: -1.13, 1.00, p=0.907).	Vildagliptin	112-124	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	43-54
27048342-11	2016	CONCLUSION: DPP-4 inhibitors cause a significant increase in plasma adiponectin concentrations and this effect is greater with vildagliptin than sitagliptin.	Vildagliptin	127-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
27048342-11	2016	CONCLUSION: DPP-4 inhibitors cause a significant increase in plasma adiponectin concentrations and this effect is greater with vildagliptin than sitagliptin.	Vildagliptin	127-139	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	68-79
27642611-9	2016	In conclusion DPP-4 inhibitors such as vildagliptin and sitagliptin may form a suitable glucose-lowering therapy option for Ramadan fasting patients.	Vildagliptin	39-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
26607467-9	2015	Moreover, vildagliptin significantly decreased serum levels of glucose and lipids (except high density lipoprotein) together with brain MDA, TNF-alpha, serum DPP-IV activities and NF-kappaB/p65 gene expression.	Vildagliptin	10-22	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	141-150
26607467-9	2015	Moreover, vildagliptin significantly decreased serum levels of glucose and lipids (except high density lipoprotein) together with brain MDA, TNF-alpha, serum DPP-IV activities and NF-kappaB/p65 gene expression.	Vildagliptin	10-22	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	158-164
26607467-9	2015	Moreover, vildagliptin significantly decreased serum levels of glucose and lipids (except high density lipoprotein) together with brain MDA, TNF-alpha, serum DPP-IV activities and NF-kappaB/p65 gene expression.	Vildagliptin	10-22	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	190-193
26607467-10	2015	On the other hand, vildagliptin significantly increased brain BDNF, SOD as well as serum insulin.	Vildagliptin	19-31	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
26607467-11	2015	Results suggested that vildagliptin has a protective role in counteracting both metabolic abnormalities and memory deficits in diabetic rats, possibly via its anti-hyperglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effects, together with reduction of brain NF-kappaB/p65 over expression.	Vildagliptin	23-35	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	262-265
26620049-8	2015	Addition of vildagliptin resulted in statistically significant reductions in HbA1c after 12 weeks (-1.01 +- 0.06%), with a between-treatment difference of -0.91 +- 0.09% (p < 0.001).	Vildagliptin	12-24	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
26816911-2	2015	Inhibitors of DPP-4 enzyme like Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin have shown Anti-oxidant properties in many studies, both invivo and invitro.	Vildagliptin	48-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
26620049-14	2015	CONCLUSION: Treatment with vildagliptin 50 mg bid as add-on to insulin with or without metformin resulted in statistically significant reductions in HbA1c in Japanese patients with T2DM.	Vildagliptin	27-39	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	46-49
26382939-5	2015	This study investigates the role of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in the pharmacological interdiction of pancreatectomy diabetes induced vascular endothelial dysfunction and subsequent vascular dementia in rats.	Vildagliptin	36-48	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	52-74
26382939-11	2015	It may be concluded that vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor may be considered as potential pharmacological agents for the management of pancreatectomy induced endothelial dysfunction and subsequent vascular dementia.	Vildagliptin	25-37	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	41-63
26500706-6	2015	The changes in HbA1c from baseline were -1.33 +- 0.11 % (vildagliptin), -0.84 +- 0.08 % (sitagliptin) and -0.81 +- 0.08 % (linagliptin), the vildagliptin group had the greatest reduction in HbA1c (P < 0.05).	Vildagliptin	57-69	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
26500706-10	2015	Additionally, the required insulin dosage in the vildagliptin group was the lowest among the groups at weeks 6 and 12.	Vildagliptin	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
26500706-13	2015	Vildagliptin was more effective in decreasing insulin requirement and achieving glycemic control when compared to the other two.	Vildagliptin	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	46-53
26233333-0	2015	Suppression of lung metastases by the CD26/DPP4 inhibitor Vildagliptin in mice.	Vildagliptin	58-70	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	38-42
26603933-7	2015	3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (2 nM) or the GLP-1 mimetic exendin-4 (5 nM).	Vildagliptin	56-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
26233333-0	2015	Suppression of lung metastases by the CD26/DPP4 inhibitor Vildagliptin in mice.	Vildagliptin	58-70	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	43-47
26233333-5	2015	Here, we tested if the CD26/DPP4-inhibitor Vildagliptin suppresses the development and growth of mouse colorectal lung metastases.	Vildagliptin	43-55	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	23-27
26173919-2	2015	The eight available DPP-4 inhibitors, including alogliptin, anagliptin, gemigliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, teneligliptin, and vildagliptin, are small molecules used orally with identical mechanism of action and similar safety profiles in patients with T2DM.	Vildagliptin	143-155	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
26233333-5	2015	Here, we tested if the CD26/DPP4-inhibitor Vildagliptin suppresses the development and growth of mouse colorectal lung metastases.	Vildagliptin	43-55	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	28-32
26316706-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of metformin monotherapy or combined treatment with a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) on apelin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	154-166	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	120-142
26048091-10	2015	DPP-4 activity was lower in lymph than plasma, and was reduced further by vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	74-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Sus scrofa	0-5
26312070-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), shows beneficial effects on endothelial function.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
26262991-7	2015	On the molecular level, galantamine/vildagliptin have improved the insulin (p-insulin receptor, p-Akt, GLUT4/GLUT2) and Wnt/beta-catenin (p-GSK-3beta, beta-catenin) signaling pathways.	Vildagliptin	36-48	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	103-108
26262991-7	2015	On the molecular level, galantamine/vildagliptin have improved the insulin (p-insulin receptor, p-Akt, GLUT4/GLUT2) and Wnt/beta-catenin (p-GSK-3beta, beta-catenin) signaling pathways.	Vildagliptin	36-48	solute carrier family 2 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
26262991-7	2015	On the molecular level, galantamine/vildagliptin have improved the insulin (p-insulin receptor, p-Akt, GLUT4/GLUT2) and Wnt/beta-catenin (p-GSK-3beta, beta-catenin) signaling pathways.	Vildagliptin	36-48	Wnt family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
26262991-7	2015	On the molecular level, galantamine/vildagliptin have improved the insulin (p-insulin receptor, p-Akt, GLUT4/GLUT2) and Wnt/beta-catenin (p-GSK-3beta, beta-catenin) signaling pathways.	Vildagliptin	36-48	catenin beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	124-136
26262991-7	2015	On the molecular level, galantamine/vildagliptin have improved the insulin (p-insulin receptor, p-Akt, GLUT4/GLUT2) and Wnt/beta-catenin (p-GSK-3beta, beta-catenin) signaling pathways.	Vildagliptin	36-48	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	140-149
26262991-7	2015	On the molecular level, galantamine/vildagliptin have improved the insulin (p-insulin receptor, p-Akt, GLUT4/GLUT2) and Wnt/beta-catenin (p-GSK-3beta, beta-catenin) signaling pathways.	Vildagliptin	36-48	catenin beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-163
26170902-12	2015	Patients treated with vildagliptin had a higher HDL at the end of the study, less variance in weight, reduced insulin and glucagon as well as reduction of oxidative stress.	Vildagliptin	22-34	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-117
26259714-6	2015	Treatment with vildagliptin (10 mg/kg/day s.c.), a DPP-4 inhibitor, suppressed Beclin-1-Bcl-2 interaction and increased both LC3-II protein level and autophagosomes in the non-infarcted region in OLETF, though it did not normalize AMPK/ULK-1 or mTOR/S6 signaling.	Vildagliptin	15-27	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
26259714-6	2015	Treatment with vildagliptin (10 mg/kg/day s.c.), a DPP-4 inhibitor, suppressed Beclin-1-Bcl-2 interaction and increased both LC3-II protein level and autophagosomes in the non-infarcted region in OLETF, though it did not normalize AMPK/ULK-1 or mTOR/S6 signaling.	Vildagliptin	15-27	beclin 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-87
26259714-6	2015	Treatment with vildagliptin (10 mg/kg/day s.c.), a DPP-4 inhibitor, suppressed Beclin-1-Bcl-2 interaction and increased both LC3-II protein level and autophagosomes in the non-infarcted region in OLETF, though it did not normalize AMPK/ULK-1 or mTOR/S6 signaling.	Vildagliptin	15-27	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	88-93
26259714-6	2015	Treatment with vildagliptin (10 mg/kg/day s.c.), a DPP-4 inhibitor, suppressed Beclin-1-Bcl-2 interaction and increased both LC3-II protein level and autophagosomes in the non-infarcted region in OLETF, though it did not normalize AMPK/ULK-1 or mTOR/S6 signaling.	Vildagliptin	15-27	unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	236-241
26259714-6	2015	Treatment with vildagliptin (10 mg/kg/day s.c.), a DPP-4 inhibitor, suppressed Beclin-1-Bcl-2 interaction and increased both LC3-II protein level and autophagosomes in the non-infarcted region in OLETF, though it did not normalize AMPK/ULK-1 or mTOR/S6 signaling.	Vildagliptin	15-27	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	245-249
26259714-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that vildagliptin reduces T2DM-induced increase in post-MI acute mortality possibly by restoring the autophagic response through attenuation of Bcl-2-Beclin-1 interaction.	Vildagliptin	39-51	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	178-183
26016746-2	2015	We hypothesized that DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves cognitive function in testosterone-deprived obese rats by restoring brain insulin sensitivity, brain mitochondrial function and hippocampal synaptic plasticity.	Vildagliptin	36-48	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
26259714-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that vildagliptin reduces T2DM-induced increase in post-MI acute mortality possibly by restoring the autophagic response through attenuation of Bcl-2-Beclin-1 interaction.	Vildagliptin	39-51	beclin 1	Rattus norvegicus	184-192
26301063-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to assess the patient preference and tolerability of oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) versus injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 analog (liraglutide) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with metformin monotherapy.	Vildagliptin	127-139	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-115
26091000-10	2015	In addition, administration of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin and metformin to pancreatic beta cell-specific C/EBPbeta transgenic mice decreased C/EBPbeta expression levels and enhanced pancreatic beta cell mass in proportion to the recovery of AMPK activity.	Vildagliptin	68-80	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	35-57
26166078-3	2015	The central systolic blood pressure (SBP) has become more important than the brachial SBP in the assessment of cardiovascular risk.This case report describes the effect of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, on the central SBP in a 54-year-old woman with hypertension and DM.	Vildagliptin	172-184	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	188-210
26166078-3	2015	The central systolic blood pressure (SBP) has become more important than the brachial SBP in the assessment of cardiovascular risk.This case report describes the effect of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, on the central SBP in a 54-year-old woman with hypertension and DM.	Vildagliptin	172-184	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	212-217
26091000-10	2015	In addition, administration of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin and metformin to pancreatic beta cell-specific C/EBPbeta transgenic mice decreased C/EBPbeta expression levels and enhanced pancreatic beta cell mass in proportion to the recovery of AMPK activity.	Vildagliptin	68-80	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta	Mus musculus	128-137
26091000-10	2015	In addition, administration of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin and metformin to pancreatic beta cell-specific C/EBPbeta transgenic mice decreased C/EBPbeta expression levels and enhanced pancreatic beta cell mass in proportion to the recovery of AMPK activity.	Vildagliptin	68-80	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta	Mus musculus	164-173
26089691-5	2015	The DPP-4 class was modeled with a meta-analysis of HbA1c and weight change, pooling results from published trials of alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	173-185	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
25823534-10	2015	We hypothesized that the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin reduces adverse cardiac remodelling and improves cardiac function in rats with chronic MI.	Vildagliptin	41-53	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
25752913-3	2015	This study investigated the antiparkinsonian effect of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor in a rat rotenone model targeting mainly the RAGE-NFkappaB/Nrf2-signaling pathways, to judge the potential anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effects of the drug.	Vildagliptin	55-67	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	71-99
25752913-3	2015	This study investigated the antiparkinsonian effect of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor in a rat rotenone model targeting mainly the RAGE-NFkappaB/Nrf2-signaling pathways, to judge the potential anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effects of the drug.	Vildagliptin	55-67	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	155-159
25752913-3	2015	This study investigated the antiparkinsonian effect of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor in a rat rotenone model targeting mainly the RAGE-NFkappaB/Nrf2-signaling pathways, to judge the potential anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effects of the drug.	Vildagliptin	55-67	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	169-173
25752913-7	2015	Normalization of receptor for advanced glycated end product (RAGE) is a main finding which justifies the anti-inflammatory effects of vildagliptin, together with hampering striatal inducible nitric oxide synthase, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 as well as myeloperoxidase.	Vildagliptin	134-146	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	17-59
25752913-7	2015	Normalization of receptor for advanced glycated end product (RAGE) is a main finding which justifies the anti-inflammatory effects of vildagliptin, together with hampering striatal inducible nitric oxide synthase, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 as well as myeloperoxidase.	Vildagliptin	134-146	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
25752913-7	2015	Normalization of receptor for advanced glycated end product (RAGE) is a main finding which justifies the anti-inflammatory effects of vildagliptin, together with hampering striatal inducible nitric oxide synthase, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 as well as myeloperoxidase.	Vildagliptin	134-146	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	259-274
25752913-8	2015	The antioxidant potential of vildagliptin was depicted as entailing reduction in thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and the transcriptional factor Nrf-2 level.	Vildagliptin	29-41	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	152-157
25752913-9	2015	Vildagliptin guarded against neuronal demise through an antiapoptotic effect as reflected by the reduction in the mitochondrial matrix component cytochrome c and the key downstream executioner caspase-3.	Vildagliptin	0-12	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	193-202
25752913-12	2015	Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, blocked the RAGE/NFkappaB cascade exerting a potential antiparkinsonian effect.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	16-44
25752913-12	2015	Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, blocked the RAGE/NFkappaB cascade exerting a potential antiparkinsonian effect.	Vildagliptin	0-12	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
25931826-3	2015	In addition to diabetes education and pre-Ramadan assessments, the physician should also consider use of DPP-4 inhibitors (such as vildagliptin) during Ramadan fasting to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetic subjects.	Vildagliptin	131-143	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
23665884-4	2015	Our objective was to evaluate, by means of retrospective analysis, the efficacy of once-daily metformin and vildagliptin (a DPP-4 inhibitor) in reducing blood glucose for patients on combination therapy.	Vildagliptin	108-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-129
25780477-2	2015	METHODS: In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of vildagliptin administered at the dose of 100 mg twice daily in 57 patients with type 2 diabetes already receiving insulin treatment.	Vildagliptin	53-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	167-174
23665884-2	2015	Most guidelines recommend treatment with a DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, in addition to metformin in a twice-daily regimen.	Vildagliptin	60-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
25597851-0	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 greatly contributes to the hydrolysis of vildagliptin in human liver.	Vildagliptin	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25597851-2	2015	In the present study, we determined the contribution rate of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) to the hydrolysis of vildagliptin in the liver.	Vildagliptin	113-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-83
25597851-2	2015	In the present study, we determined the contribution rate of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) to the hydrolysis of vildagliptin in the liver.	Vildagliptin	113-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
25597851-8	2015	These findings indicate that DPP-4 is greatly involved in vildagliptin hydrolysis in the liver.	Vildagliptin	58-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
25637323-7	2015	In conclusion, treatment of type 2 diabetes with vildagliptin might prevent the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients by decreasing the serum PAI-1 levels and improving TG metabolism.	Vildagliptin	49-61	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	179-184
25588850-2	2015	Here, we aim to examine the effect of vildagliptin, a DPP-4-specific inhibitor, on blood pressure and its circadian-dipping pattern during the development of salt-dependent hypertension in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats.	Vildagliptin	38-50	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
25588850-6	2015	Treatment with vildagliptin dose-dependently decreased plasma DPP-4 activity, increased plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels and attenuated the development of salt-induced hypertension.	Vildagliptin	15-27	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
25588850-6	2015	Treatment with vildagliptin dose-dependently decreased plasma DPP-4 activity, increased plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels and attenuated the development of salt-induced hypertension.	Vildagliptin	15-27	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	95-118
25588850-6	2015	Treatment with vildagliptin dose-dependently decreased plasma DPP-4 activity, increased plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels and attenuated the development of salt-induced hypertension.	Vildagliptin	15-27	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	120-125
25588850-10	2015	The DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, may elicit beneficial antihypertensive effects, including the improvement of abnormal circadian blood pressure pattern, by enhancing urinary sodium excretion.	Vildagliptin	21-33	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
25576329-10	2015	CONCLUSION: In a "real-life" setting, the effectiveness of vildagliptin as second-line treatment is superior to comparator OADs with regard to a reduction in HbA1c of greater than 0.3 % from baseline without well-recognized side effects in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (mean baseline HbA1c: 8.5 % (vildagliptin cohort) vs. 8.1 % (comparator cohort)).	Vildagliptin	59-71	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	158-162
25687897-2	2015	DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of DPP-4 inhibitors (vildagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) on HbA1c were conducted.	Vildagliptin	106-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
25687897-2	2015	DESIGN: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of DPP-4 inhibitors (vildagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) on HbA1c were conducted.	Vildagliptin	106-118	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	177-181
25637323-0	2015	Effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in patients with diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	44-56	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	60-93
25637323-2	2015	We conducted an 8-week, prospective, randomized study in which we assigned type 2 diabetic patients who were inadequately controlled with antidiabetic therapy to the vildagliptin group (50 mg bid, n = 49) or the control group (n = 49).	Vildagliptin	166-178	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	192-195
25637323-4	2015	In the vildagliptin group, significant decrease of the serum PAI-1 level by 16.3% (p <0.0001) and significant decreases of the serum TG, remnant-like particle cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels by 12.1% (p = 0.002), 13.9% (p = 0.003), and 9.5% (p <0.0001), respectively, were observed.	Vildagliptin	7-19	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	61-66
25664602-15	2015	CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin brings about a clinically significant decrease in hepatic triglyceride levels during 6 months of therapy unrelated to change in body weight.	Vildagliptin	79-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-68
25691359-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Switching Japanese patients with T2DM requiring treatment intensification, from vildagliptin monotherapy to a vildagliptin/metformin SPC (50/250 or 50/500 mg) was efficacious and safe, eliciting significant reduction in HbA1c without increased risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain.	Vildagliptin	123-135	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	233-237
25802727-9	2015	Vildagliptin increased serum levels of adiponectin, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, whereas liraglutide had no effect on these levels.	Vildagliptin	0-12	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	39-50
25687897-8	2015	INTERVENTIONS: Any DPP-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin or alogliptin).	Vildagliptin	36-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
25637323-4	2015	In the vildagliptin group, significant decrease of the serum PAI-1 level by 16.3% (p <0.0001) and significant decreases of the serum TG, remnant-like particle cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels by 12.1% (p = 0.002), 13.9% (p = 0.003), and 9.5% (p <0.0001), respectively, were observed.	Vildagliptin	7-19	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	179-195
26269886-41	2015	We saw the development of a serine aminopeptidase inhibitor, vildagliptin, as a therapy for type 2 diabetes (Deacon and Holst, 2006), and another ACE inhibitor (Aliskiren) that is an alternative to the current ACE inhibitor drugs (Stanton, 2003).	Vildagliptin	61-73	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	35-49
25195070-0	2015	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, inhibits pancreatic beta cell apoptosis in association with its effects suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in db/db mice.	Vildagliptin	34-46	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	0-22
25195070-8	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin promoted beta cell survival in db/db mice in association with down-regulating markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress including TRIB3, ATF-4 as well as CHOP.	Vildagliptin	13-25	tribbles pseudokinase 3	Mus musculus	154-159
25195070-8	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin promoted beta cell survival in db/db mice in association with down-regulating markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress including TRIB3, ATF-4 as well as CHOP.	Vildagliptin	13-25	activating transcription factor 4	Mus musculus	161-166
25195070-8	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin promoted beta cell survival in db/db mice in association with down-regulating markers of endoplasmic reticulum stress including TRIB3, ATF-4 as well as CHOP.	Vildagliptin	13-25	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Mus musculus	178-182
26357866-7	2015	RESULTS: Vildagliptin significantly reduced cholesterol, triglycerides, TLC, CRP and TNF-alpha and increased aPTT and NO levels in STZ diabetic rats.	Vildagliptin	9-21	C-reactive protein	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
25331711-4	2015	Most DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin) are predominantly excreted by the kidneys.	Vildagliptin	36-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-10
26357866-7	2015	RESULTS: Vildagliptin significantly reduced cholesterol, triglycerides, TLC, CRP and TNF-alpha and increased aPTT and NO levels in STZ diabetic rats.	Vildagliptin	9-21	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	85-94
25402372-1	2015	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin on high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and arterial stiffness (AS) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	78-90	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	111-129
25452780-2	2015	The aim of the present study was to examine the postprandial effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin and the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor voglibose on endothelial dysfunction and lipid profiles following a single administration.	Vildagliptin	109-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-98
25452780-6	2015	In addition, vildagliptin significantly increased the levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 compared with voglibose 3 h after a loading cookie test (4.4+-0.6 vs. 2.9+-0.7 pmol/l, respectively; P=0.04).	Vildagliptin	13-25	glucagon	Homo sapiens	64-87
26587020-1	2015	The study explored the utility of four-point preprandial glucose self-monitoring to calculate several indices of glycemic control and variability in a study adding the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin to ongoing insulin therapy.	Vildagliptin	184-196	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	168-173
26517136-0	2015	Retrospective and Prospective Human Intravenous and Oral Pharmacokinetic Projection of Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV Inhibitors Using Simple Allometric Principles - Case Studies of ABT-279, ABT-341, Alogliptin, Carmegliptin, Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	235-247	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-110
26744903-5	2015	Ex vivo glucose-induced glucagon suppression was also blunted in the islets from vildagliptin-treated Atg7(Deltabeta cell) mice.	Vildagliptin	81-93	autophagy related 7	Mus musculus	102-106
24824633-6	2014	Fasting plasma insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index were significantly lower with vildagliptin compared with glimepiride (P = 0.035 and 0.047).	Vildagliptin	114-126	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
25204760-0	2014	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) improves glycemic control after meal tolerance test by suppressing glucagon release.	Vildagliptin	34-46	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
25204760-1	2014	AIM: We aimed to evaluate changes in insulin and glucagon secretion, as well as glucose levels, with a meal tolerance test (MTT) before and after 6 months of treatment with vildagliptin in a clinical setting.	Vildagliptin	173-185	insulin	Homo sapiens	37-44
25464020-7	2015	RESULTS: Direct enzymatic activity assay revealed significant and concentration-dependent inhibition effect of vildagliptin, saxagliptin on DPP8/9.	Vildagliptin	111-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 8	Homo sapiens	140-146
25464020-8	2015	Extracellular incubation of DPP8/9 over expressed cells with sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin and linagliptin, showed only mild inhibition on DPP8/9.	Vildagliptin	74-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 8	Homo sapiens	28-34
24824633-6	2014	Fasting plasma insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index were significantly lower with vildagliptin compared with glimepiride (P = 0.035 and 0.047).	Vildagliptin	114-126	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
24824633-7	2014	M value, an index of insulin sensitivity, increased with vildagliptin, both compared with baseline and with glimepiride (P = 0.028 and 0.039, respectively).	Vildagliptin	57-69	insulin	Homo sapiens	21-28
24824633-9	2014	Adiponectin levels were higher (P = 0.035) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were lower (P = 0.038) with vildagliptin vs glimepiride.	Vildagliptin	118-130	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	0-11
24824633-9	2014	Adiponectin levels were higher (P = 0.035) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were lower (P = 0.038) with vildagliptin vs glimepiride.	Vildagliptin	118-130	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	64-82
24824633-10	2014	During the oral fat load test, interleukin-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor-alpha peaks were lower and adiponectin peak was higher in the vildagliptin group than in the glimepiride group.	Vildagliptin	171-183	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	136-147
25429228-1	2014	BACKGROUND: In order to test the hypothesis that the degree of weight change with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin is dependent on the level of glycemic control at baseline, the weight changes from pooled monotherapy studies after 24 weeks of therapy with vildagliptin were assessed versus the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels at baseline.	Vildagliptin	119-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-108
25231186-6	2014	Vildagliptin decreased glycemia (P: 598 +- 8 vs. V: 573 +- 9 mmol l-1 min-1, P < 0.05) during intraduodenal lipid.	Vildagliptin	0-12	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	70-75
24977657-0	2014	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin has the capacity to repair beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance.	Vildagliptin	37-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
24977657-0	2014	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin has the capacity to repair beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance.	Vildagliptin	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
24977657-7	2014	Vildagliptin treatment increased the area under the curve for the C peptide reactivity (CPR) (AUCCPR; 26.66+-5.15 vs. 33.02+-6.12 ng/ml   20 min; p=0.003) and CS1 (0.80+-0.20 vs. 1.35+-0.38 ng/ml/min; p=0.037) in response to an intravenous glucose load.	Vildagliptin	0-12	chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1	Homo sapiens	159-162
24977657-9	2014	The long-term administration of vildagliptin improved CS1 and Si suggesting that this drug has the capacity to repair impairments in pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	32-44	chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
24977657-9	2014	The long-term administration of vildagliptin improved CS1 and Si suggesting that this drug has the capacity to repair impairments in pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	167-174
25597711-16	2014	Vildagliptin was the most used drug among DPP-4 inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
25345953-8	2014	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin with insulin aapart injection has equivalent effect with Acarbose combined with insulin aspart injection in decreasing 2hPG and HbA1C without increasing the body weight or the risk to hypoglycemia or causing lowered GFR.	Vildagliptin	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	30-37
24939431-10	2014	Treatment of mouse islets with the DPP-4 inhibitors, NVPDPP728 and vildagliptin, resulted in a significant potentiation of insulin secretion in a GLP-1-dependent manner, as this was inhibited by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist, Exendin (9-39), and was retained in glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor-deficient mice but lost in mice lacking GLP-1 receptors or both incretin receptors.	Vildagliptin	67-79	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	35-40
24612221-0	2014	Glucagon dynamics during hypoglycaemia and food-re-challenge following treatment with vildagliptin in insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	86-98	insulin	Homo sapiens	102-109
24612221-4	2014	Patients received vildagliptin (50 mg BID) or placebo as add-on to insulin for 4 weeks in random order with a 4-week washout in-between.	Vildagliptin	18-30	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	38-41
25100725-0	2014	Vildagliptin stimulates endothelial cell network formation and ischemia-induced revascularization via an endothelial nitric-oxide synthase-dependent mechanism.	Vildagliptin	0-12	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	105-138
25100725-2	2014	Here, we investigated whether a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, modulates endothelial cell network formation and revascularization processes in vitro and in vivo.	Vildagliptin	66-78	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	32-54
25100725-3	2014	Treatment with vildagliptin enhanced blood flow recovery and capillary density in the ischemic limbs of wild-type mice, with accompanying increases in phosphorylation of Akt and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS).	Vildagliptin	15-27	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	170-173
25100725-3	2014	Treatment with vildagliptin enhanced blood flow recovery and capillary density in the ischemic limbs of wild-type mice, with accompanying increases in phosphorylation of Akt and endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS).	Vildagliptin	15-27	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	178-211
25100725-5	2014	Treatment with vildagliptin increased the levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and adiponectin, which have protective effects on the vasculature.	Vildagliptin	15-27	glucagon	Mus musculus	52-75
25100725-5	2014	Treatment with vildagliptin increased the levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and adiponectin, which have protective effects on the vasculature.	Vildagliptin	15-27	glucagon	Mus musculus	77-82
25100725-5	2014	Treatment with vildagliptin increased the levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and adiponectin, which have protective effects on the vasculature.	Vildagliptin	15-27	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	88-99
25100725-7	2014	GLP-1 and vildagliptin also stimulated the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS in HUVECs.	Vildagliptin	10-22	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	62-65
25100725-9	2014	Furthermore, treatment with vildagliptin only partially increased the limb flow of ischemic muscle in adiponectin-deficient mice in vivo.	Vildagliptin	28-40	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Mus musculus	102-113
25100725-11	2014	These data indicate that vildagliptin promotes endothelial cell function via eNOS signaling, an effect that may be mediated by both GLP-1-dependent and GLP-1-independent mechanisms.	Vildagliptin	25-37	glucagon	Mus musculus	132-137
25100725-11	2014	These data indicate that vildagliptin promotes endothelial cell function via eNOS signaling, an effect that may be mediated by both GLP-1-dependent and GLP-1-independent mechanisms.	Vildagliptin	25-37	glucagon	Mus musculus	152-157
24612221-9	2014	In contrast, the glucagon counter-regulation to the insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was sustained by vildagliptin (6.05 +- 1.20 pmol/l during vildagliptin vs.6.94 +- 1.09 pmol/l during placebo, NS).	Vildagliptin	99-111	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
24612221-9	2014	In contrast, the glucagon counter-regulation to the insulin-induced hypoglycaemia was sustained by vildagliptin (6.05 +- 1.20 pmol/l during vildagliptin vs.6.94 +- 1.09 pmol/l during placebo, NS).	Vildagliptin	140-152	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
24612221-11	2014	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) levels were significantly elevated by vildagliptin compared to placebo during meal, hypoglycaemia and food re-challenge.	Vildagliptin	125-137	glucagon	Homo sapiens	0-23
24612221-11	2014	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) levels were significantly elevated by vildagliptin compared to placebo during meal, hypoglycaemia and food re-challenge.	Vildagliptin	125-137	glucagon	Homo sapiens	25-30
24612221-11	2014	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) levels were significantly elevated by vildagliptin compared to placebo during meal, hypoglycaemia and food re-challenge.	Vildagliptin	125-137	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	36-80
24612221-11	2014	Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) levels were significantly elevated by vildagliptin compared to placebo during meal, hypoglycaemia and food re-challenge.	Vildagliptin	125-137	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	82-85
24612221-12	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin action to block GLP-1 and GIP inactivation by DPP-4 improves glucagon dynamics during hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and food re-challenge.	Vildagliptin	13-25	glucagon	Homo sapiens	42-47
24612221-12	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin action to block GLP-1 and GIP inactivation by DPP-4 improves glucagon dynamics during hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and food re-challenge.	Vildagliptin	13-25	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	52-55
24612221-12	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin action to block GLP-1 and GIP inactivation by DPP-4 improves glucagon dynamics during hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia and food re-challenge.	Vildagliptin	13-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
24939431-10	2014	Treatment of mouse islets with the DPP-4 inhibitors, NVPDPP728 and vildagliptin, resulted in a significant potentiation of insulin secretion in a GLP-1-dependent manner, as this was inhibited by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist, Exendin (9-39), and was retained in glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor-deficient mice but lost in mice lacking GLP-1 receptors or both incretin receptors.	Vildagliptin	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
24939431-10	2014	Treatment of mouse islets with the DPP-4 inhibitors, NVPDPP728 and vildagliptin, resulted in a significant potentiation of insulin secretion in a GLP-1-dependent manner, as this was inhibited by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist, Exendin (9-39), and was retained in glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor-deficient mice but lost in mice lacking GLP-1 receptors or both incretin receptors.	Vildagliptin	67-79	glucagon	Mus musculus	146-151
24939431-10	2014	Treatment of mouse islets with the DPP-4 inhibitors, NVPDPP728 and vildagliptin, resulted in a significant potentiation of insulin secretion in a GLP-1-dependent manner, as this was inhibited by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist, Exendin (9-39), and was retained in glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor-deficient mice but lost in mice lacking GLP-1 receptors or both incretin receptors.	Vildagliptin	67-79	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Mus musculus	199-213
24939431-10	2014	Treatment of mouse islets with the DPP-4 inhibitors, NVPDPP728 and vildagliptin, resulted in a significant potentiation of insulin secretion in a GLP-1-dependent manner, as this was inhibited by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist, Exendin (9-39), and was retained in glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor-deficient mice but lost in mice lacking GLP-1 receptors or both incretin receptors.	Vildagliptin	67-79	gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor	Mus musculus	262-321
24939431-10	2014	Treatment of mouse islets with the DPP-4 inhibitors, NVPDPP728 and vildagliptin, resulted in a significant potentiation of insulin secretion in a GLP-1-dependent manner, as this was inhibited by the GLP-1 receptor antagonist, Exendin (9-39), and was retained in glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor-deficient mice but lost in mice lacking GLP-1 receptors or both incretin receptors.	Vildagliptin	67-79	glucagon	Homo sapiens	199-204
24939431-11	2014	Human islets treated with the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, showed increased secretion of insulin and intact GLP-1.	Vildagliptin	47-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
24939431-11	2014	Human islets treated with the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, showed increased secretion of insulin and intact GLP-1.	Vildagliptin	47-59	insulin	Homo sapiens	91-98
24939431-11	2014	Human islets treated with the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, showed increased secretion of insulin and intact GLP-1.	Vildagliptin	47-59	glucagon	Homo sapiens	110-115
24682379-2	2014	In this work we compared RCT and real-life data on the efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin or sulfonylureas when added to metformin.	Vildagliptin	113-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-94
25171159-2	2014	In particular, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) play an increasing role in the management of T2D.	Vildagliptin	72-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-37
25175981-7	2014	Median units of insulin at the end of the study was 47 U in the placebo group and 34 U in the vildagliptin group.	Vildagliptin	94-106	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
24682379-2	2014	In this work we compared RCT and real-life data on the efficacy of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin or sulfonylureas when added to metformin.	Vildagliptin	113-125	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-101
24682379-9	2014	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS: When comparing RCT to real-life data, the decrease in HbA1c from baseline with sulfonylurea treatment is smaller in real life than in RCTs, whereas the reduction with vildagliptin is essentially the same, suggesting that the full power of treatment is retained in real life for vildagliptin but not for sulfonylureas, possibly due to fear of hypoglycaemia.	Vildagliptin	196-208	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
24682379-9	2014	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS: When comparing RCT to real-life data, the decrease in HbA1c from baseline with sulfonylurea treatment is smaller in real life than in RCTs, whereas the reduction with vildagliptin is essentially the same, suggesting that the full power of treatment is retained in real life for vildagliptin but not for sulfonylureas, possibly due to fear of hypoglycaemia.	Vildagliptin	307-319	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
24837407-0	2014	Vildagliptin , a DPP-4 inhibitor for the twice-daily treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without metformin.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
24874591-8	2014	Regarding insulin sensitivity, vildagliptin + metformin increased M value.	Vildagliptin	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
24874591-9	2014	Resistin, RBP-4, vaspin and visfatin were decreased by vildagliptin + metformin, but in group to group comparison, only vaspin reduction resulted statistically significant.	Vildagliptin	55-67	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	10-15
24874591-9	2014	Resistin, RBP-4, vaspin and visfatin were decreased by vildagliptin + metformin, but in group to group comparison, only vaspin reduction resulted statistically significant.	Vildagliptin	55-67	serpin family A member 12	Homo sapiens	17-23
24874591-9	2014	Resistin, RBP-4, vaspin and visfatin were decreased by vildagliptin + metformin, but in group to group comparison, only vaspin reduction resulted statistically significant.	Vildagliptin	55-67	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	28-36
24874591-9	2014	Resistin, RBP-4, vaspin and visfatin were decreased by vildagliptin + metformin, but in group to group comparison, only vaspin reduction resulted statistically significant.	Vildagliptin	55-67	serpin family A member 12	Homo sapiens	120-126
24874591-11	2014	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin, in addition to metformin, was more effective than glimepiride + metformin in reducing insulin resistance and post-prandial lipemia.	Vildagliptin	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	112-119
24820924-6	2014	RESULTS: In the Belgian population, 37 8% of patients in the vildagliptin group and 32 8% in the comparator group had a decrease in HbA1c of >0 3% without the predefined tolerability issues of hypoglycemia, weight gain, oedema or, gastrointestinal complaints (primary endpoint), resulting in an unadjusted odds ratio of 1 24 (95% CI: 0 96-1 61).	Vildagliptin	61-73	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
24820924-10	2014	Adding vildagliptin as a second oral glucose-lowering agent resulted in lowering HbA1c to <7% without weight gain, hypoglycemia or peripheral oedema in a higher proportion of patients than comparator oral antidiabetic drugs, with no differences in the reported number of adverse events.	Vildagliptin	7-19	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	81-85
24604395-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin, a potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, as an add-on to metformin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	85-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-130
24604395-5	2014	After 12 weeks of treatment, adjusted mean change in HbA1c was -1.1% in the vildagliptin group (baseline 8.0%) and -0.1% in the placebo group (baseline 8.0%), with a between-treatment difference of -1.0% (P < 0.001).	Vildagliptin	76-88	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
24604395-6	2014	Vildagliptin showed a similar reduction in HbA1c of -1.1% for both the subpopulations of patients receiving metformin 250 mg bid or 500 mg bid (P < 0.001 vs. baseline).	Vildagliptin	0-12	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
24604395-6	2014	Vildagliptin showed a similar reduction in HbA1c of -1.1% for both the subpopulations of patients receiving metformin 250 mg bid or 500 mg bid (P < 0.001 vs. baseline).	Vildagliptin	0-12	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	125-128
24604395-6	2014	Vildagliptin showed a similar reduction in HbA1c of -1.1% for both the subpopulations of patients receiving metformin 250 mg bid or 500 mg bid (P < 0.001 vs. baseline).	Vildagliptin	0-12	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	139-142
24604395-11	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin 50 mg bid added to metformin improved glycemic control without any tolerability issues and hypoglycemia in Japanese patients with T2DM inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy.	Vildagliptin	13-25	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	32-35
24837407-3	2014	The combination of vildagliptin with the biguanide metformin is of particular interest because of its complementary mode of action, addressing insulin resistance, alpha- and beta cell function in the islet of the pancreas.	Vildagliptin	19-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	143-150
25411599-1	2014	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: To investigate the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin, a potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, as add-on to nateglinide, compared with switching to vildagliptin in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients poorly controlled with nateglinide.	Vildagliptin	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-106
24448599-1	2014	The purpose of this article is to characterize skin lesions in cynomolgus monkeys following vildagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor) treatment.	Vildagliptin	92-104	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Macaca fascicularis	106-128
24448599-8	2014	This finding correlated with a specific increase in NPY and in NPY1 receptors observed in the skin of vildagliptin-treated monkeys.	Vildagliptin	102-114	pro-neuropeptide Y	Macaca fascicularis	52-55
24328429-11	2014	CONCLUSIONS: In a real-life setting, vildagliptin was associated with a numerically greater reduction in HbA1c, less hypoglycemia, and more patients reaching target HbA1c without hypoglycemia or weight gain compared with SUs.	Vildagliptin	37-49	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
24199686-3	2014	METHODS: A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study randomized patients to receive treatment with vildagliptin 50 mg bid (n = 158) or placebo (n = 160) for 24 weeks.	Vildagliptin	109-121	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	128-131
24199686-7	2014	In subgroup of patients with baseline HbA1c <=8%, vildagliptin reduced HbA1c by 0.74% from baseline 7.82% (between-treatment difference: -0.97%; p < 0.001) with significantly more patients achieving the HbA1c target <7% (38.6% vs. 13.9%; p = 0.014).	Vildagliptin	53-65	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
24547938-0	2014	Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
24547938-1	2014	INTRODUCTION: Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor targeting the incretin system to improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	14-26	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
24547938-4	2014	EXPERT OPINION: Vildagliptin is an effective and well-tolerated oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor.	Vildagliptin	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
24485397-4	2014	We therefore assessed whether treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin affected cytokine production and T-cell differentiation.	Vildagliptin	65-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	49-54
24357666-1	2014	AIM: We hypothesized that dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) reduces fatal arrhythmias, cardiac dysfunction and infarct size caused by ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury via its attenuation of cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction.	Vildagliptin	66-78	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	26-54
24357666-5	2014	Vildagliptin increased expression of Bcl-2 and pro-caspase3 in the ischaemic area, whereas Bax and phosphorylated-connexin43/total-connexin43 were not altered.	Vildagliptin	0-12	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
24638989-1	2014	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (Galvus ) is approved for use as monotherapy and combination therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	37-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
24461109-10	2014	On day 7, compared with pasireotide alone, the decrease in serum insulin was attenuated with nateglinide, metformin, liraglutide and vildagliptin co-administration (levels were 3%, 6%, 34% and 71% higher, respectively).	Vildagliptin	133-145	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
24279801-3	2014	We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II trial to assess safety and efficacy of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	129-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	113-118
24521405-0	2014	Effect of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, on cardiac hypertrophy induced by chronic beta-adrenergic stimulation in rats.	Vildagliptin	10-22	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	26-48
24521405-3	2014	We therefore evaluated whether vildagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, prevents LV hypertrophy and improves diastolic function in isoproterenol-treated rats.	Vildagliptin	31-43	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
24640595-0	2014	Capillary zone electrophoresis for determination of vildagliptin (a DPP-4 inhibitor) in pharmaceutical formulation and comparative study with HPLC.	Vildagliptin	52-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	68-73
24627624-2	2014	We planned to measure serum ADMA levels in type 2 DM patients using vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Vildagliptin	68-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	84-106
24627624-2	2014	We planned to measure serum ADMA levels in type 2 DM patients using vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Vildagliptin	68-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-113
24066937-4	2014	We hypothesized that CKD in the ZDF rat is related to decrease in myogenic constriction (MC) of intrarenal arteries and that treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, prevents such changes.	Vildagliptin	161-173	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	144-149
25008847-3	2014	In this study, we investigated whether human NIT1 and NIT2 are involved in the hydrolysis of drugs using vildagliptin as a substrate.	Vildagliptin	105-117	nitrilase 1	Homo sapiens	45-49
25008847-3	2014	In this study, we investigated whether human NIT1 and NIT2 are involved in the hydrolysis of drugs using vildagliptin as a substrate.	Vildagliptin	105-117	nitrilase family member 2	Homo sapiens	54-58
24066937-9	2014	Vildagliptin did not affect plasma glucose levels or proteinuria, but effectively decreased glomerulosclerosis and restored MC and p22phox expression to the levels found in lean rats.	Vildagliptin	0-12	cytochrome b-245 alpha chain	Rattus norvegicus	131-138
23990203-0	2013	Association between urinary albumin excretion and low-density lipoprotein heterogeneity following treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin: a pilot study.	Vildagliptin	179-191	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-167
24802729-3	2014	The aim was to assess lymphocyte subpopulations initially and after 14 days of treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin, saxagliptin and vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	140-152	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	94-99
25671081-4	2013	In the current work, we first report the inhibition of the native activity of PI-PLC by two DPP4 inhibitors - vildagliptin (LAF-237) and K-579.	Vildagliptin	110-122	phospholipase C beta 1	Homo sapiens	78-84
25671081-4	2013	In the current work, we first report the inhibition of the native activity of PI-PLC by two DPP4 inhibitors - vildagliptin (LAF-237) and K-579.	Vildagliptin	110-122	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-96
25671081-5	2013	While vildagliptin inhibited PI-PLC at micromolar concentrations, K-579 was a potent inhibitor even at nanomolar concentrations.	Vildagliptin	6-18	phospholipase C beta 1	Homo sapiens	29-35
23821355-3	2013	It was, therefore, of interest to assess the efficacy and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in patients with T2DM >=75 years who also have moderate or severe RI.	Vildagliptin	111-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-100
23782529-13	2013	Treatment with vildagliptin significantly increased the levels of active glucagon-like peptide-1 by 2.36-fold (p <= 0.0001) and suppressed glucagon by 8% (p = 0.01), whereas glimepiride significantly increased the levels of insulin and C-peptide by 21% (p = 0.012) and 12% (p = 0.003), respectively.	Vildagliptin	15-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	227-234
24163113-0	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with saxagliptin, sitagliptin, or vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	109-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
23961850-10	2013	In patients with baseline HbA(1c) >= 7%, SEP 3 was achieved by 35% of patients on a vildagliptin-based combination and by 23% of those receiving comparator combinations.	Vildagliptin	87-99	septin 3	Homo sapiens	44-49
24163113-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors widely approved for use in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	44-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-83
24163113-1	2013	INTRODUCTION: Saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors widely approved for use in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	44-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	85-90
24117480-3	2013	The present study investigates the efficacy of vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model of AD.	Vildagliptin	47-59	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
24117480-8	2013	CONCLUSIONS: These robust therapeutic effects of vildagliptin demonstrate a unique mechanism for Abeta and tau clearance and reverse the cognitive deficits and pathology observed in AD.	Vildagliptin	49-61	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
24103756-3	2013	We evaluated the effects of long-term treatment with vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, on metabolic parameters and beta-cell function, in combination with miglitol, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, in diet-controlled db/db mice.	Vildagliptin	53-65	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	69-74
24103756-5	2013	Meal tolerance tests and glucose tolerance tests showed that the combination therapy of vildagliptin with miglitol, but not each alone, suppressed postprandial glycemic excursion, enhanced postprandial active GLP-1 levels and prevented deterioration of glucose tolerance in the db/db mice.	Vildagliptin	88-100	glucagon	Mus musculus	209-214
24148218-1	2013	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin lower blood glucose by augmenting endogenous levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin which also confers cardioprotection.	Vildagliptin	74-86	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	16-38
24148218-1	2013	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin lower blood glucose by augmenting endogenous levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin which also confers cardioprotection.	Vildagliptin	74-86	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
24148218-1	2013	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin lower blood glucose by augmenting endogenous levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin which also confers cardioprotection.	Vildagliptin	74-86	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	142-165
24148218-1	2013	BACKGROUND: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin lower blood glucose by augmenting endogenous levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin which also confers cardioprotection.	Vildagliptin	74-86	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	167-172
23669105-3	2013	METHODS AND RESULTS: After surgical LAD-ligation (left anterior descending artery), Sitagliptin/Vildagliptin was applied yielding sufficient blood levels verified by mass spectrometry and significantly reducing activity of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV.	Vildagliptin	96-108	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	223-252
24068868-5	2013	The five available DPP-4 inhibitors, also known as "gliptins" (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin), are small molecules used orally with similar overall clinical efficacy and safety profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	76-88	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
23961326-0	2013	Vildagliptin-insulin combination improves glycemic control in Asians with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	13-20
23707531-5	2013	Five different DPP-4 inhibitors, often called as "gliptins", namely sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin have been approved hitherto for clinical use.	Vildagliptin	81-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	15-20
23848558-0	2013	Cognitive and functional influences of vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, added to ongoing metformin therapy in elderly with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	39-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
23961326-1	2013	AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin 50 mg bid as add-on therapy to insulin in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	42-54	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	61-64
23961326-3	2013	A total of 173 patients were randomized 1:1 to receive treatment with vildagliptin 50 mg bid (n = 87) or placebo (n = 86) for 24 wk.	Vildagliptin	70-82	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	89-92
23961326-11	2013	CONCLUSION: In Asian patients inadequately controlled with insulin (with or without concomitant metformin), insulin-vildagliptin combination treatment significantly reduced HbA1c compared with placebo, without an increase in risk of hypoglycemia or weight gain.	Vildagliptin	116-128	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
23961326-11	2013	CONCLUSION: In Asian patients inadequately controlled with insulin (with or without concomitant metformin), insulin-vildagliptin combination treatment significantly reduced HbA1c compared with placebo, without an increase in risk of hypoglycemia or weight gain.	Vildagliptin	116-128	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
23961326-11	2013	CONCLUSION: In Asian patients inadequately controlled with insulin (with or without concomitant metformin), insulin-vildagliptin combination treatment significantly reduced HbA1c compared with placebo, without an increase in risk of hypoglycemia or weight gain.	Vildagliptin	116-128	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	173-177
23636640-0	2013	Enhanced beta cell function and anti-inflammatory effect after chronic treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in an advanced-aged diet-induced obesity mouse model.	Vildagliptin	123-135	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	90-112
23967137-3	2013	METHODS: Nontreated Apoe (-/-) mice, streptozotocin-induced diabetic Apoe (-/-) mice, and db/db diabetic mice were administered the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in drinking water and co-infused with either saline, the GLP-1 receptor blocker, exendin(9-39), the GIP receptor blocker, (Pro(3))GIP, or both via osmotic minipumps for 4 weeks.	Vildagliptin	148-160	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	132-137
23967137-7	2013	Nondiabetic and diabetic Apoe (-/-) mice showed a comparable response to vildagliptin, namely, remarkable suppression of atherosclerotic lesions with macrophage accumulation and foam cell formation in peritoneal macrophages.	Vildagliptin	73-85	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	25-29
23967137-8	2013	Exendin(9-39) or (Pro(3))GIP partially attenuated the vildagliptin-induced suppression of atherosclerosis.	Vildagliptin	54-66	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	25-28
23967137-10	2013	Vildagliptin suppressed macrophage foam cell formation in nondiabetic and diabetic mice, and this suppressive effect was abolished by infusions with exendin(9-39)+(Pro(3))GIP.	Vildagliptin	0-12	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	171-174
23636640-4	2013	METHODS: After 1 month of HFD alone, the mice were given the DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin for a further 11 months.	Vildagliptin	76-88	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	61-65
23636640-11	2013	The improved survival rates for obese mice chronically treated with vildagliptin suggest that chronic DPP4 inhibition potentially results in additional quality-adjusted life-years for individuals with type 2 diabetes, which is the primary goal of any diabetes therapy.	Vildagliptin	68-80	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	102-106
22285447-4	2013	METHODS: Fourteen pigs were randomized to receive either DPP-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) 50mg or normal saline intravenously prior to a 90-min left anterior descending artery occlusion, followed by a 120-min reperfusion period.	Vildagliptin	74-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Sus scrofa	57-62
23782587-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between vildagliptin, a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) enzyme, and voglibose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor widely prescribed in Japan, when coadministered in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	91-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-164
23782587-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between vildagliptin, a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) enzyme, and voglibose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor widely prescribed in Japan, when coadministered in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	91-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-171
23782587-5	2013	The percentage of DPP-4 inhibition by vildagliptin remained unchanged when vildagliptin was given alone or co-administered with voglibose; maximum inhibition was 98.3 +- 1.4% (mean +- SD) for vildagliptin alone and 97.4 +- 1.1% with co-administration.	Vildagliptin	38-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
23782587-6	2013	Coadministration of vildagliptin and voglibose led to a greater increase in the active GLP-1 plasma concentration than did vildagliptin alone (geometric mean ratio 1.63 (90% CI, 1.30, 2.03), p = 0.0007).	Vildagliptin	20-32	glucagon	Homo sapiens	87-92
23617250-2	2013	The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vildagliptin on glucose and insulin concentrations during a 24-h period in type 2 diabetes patients with different ranges of baseline hemoglobin A1c (A1C) levels.	Vildagliptin	52-64	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
23488656-3	2013	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, vildagliptin and sitagliptin, are oral anti-diabetic drugs often prescribed in patients with cardiovascular disease.	Vildagliptin	43-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
23659561-1	2013	OBJECTIVE: To assess treatment adherence to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin compared with sulphonylureas (SU) in Muslim patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were fasting during Ramadan in the UK.	Vildagliptin	77-89	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-66
23504176-6	2013	Vildagliptin increased plasma GLP-1 levels in the TAC mice and ameliorated TAC-induced left ventricular enlargement and dysfunction.	Vildagliptin	0-12	glucagon	Mus musculus	30-35
23774700-0	2013	The effects of dipeptidyl-peptidase-IV inhibitor, vildagliptin, on the exocrine pancreas in spontaneously diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.	Vildagliptin	50-62	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	15-38
23318959-5	2013	The basis for synergy was independent of vildagliptin"s primary action as an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV.	Vildagliptin	41-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-119
23591914-12	2013	Our findings suggest that the inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 enzymes with vildagliptin or sitagliptin in insulin-resistant rats not only increases peripheral insulin sensitivity but also decreases brain dysfunction.	Vildagliptin	80-92	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	44-66
23624419-5	2013	Vildagliptin+metformin were more effective than placebo+metformin in reducing body weight and BMI, glycemic control, HOMA-IR, glucagon and insulin resistance measurements.	Vildagliptin	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
23624419-7	2013	We also recorded a significant correlation between M value increase and the decrease of vaspin, visfatin, and omentin-1 obtained with vildagliptin+metformin.	Vildagliptin	134-146	serpin family A member 12	Homo sapiens	88-94
23624419-8	2013	Vildagliptin, in addition to metformin, proved to be effective in improving beta-cell function and in reducing insulin resistance measurements.	Vildagliptin	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
23384119-0	2013	Effect of vildagliptin compared to glimepiride on postprandial proinsulin processing in the beta cell of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	10-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-73
23384119-5	2013	Fasting PI levels significantly decreased in the Vildagliptin group.	Vildagliptin	49-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	8-10
23384119-6	2013	The area under the curve for the postprandial release of PI decreased during Vildagliptin and increased during Glimepiride treatment.	Vildagliptin	77-89	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-59
23384119-7	2013	The proinsulin to insulin ratio declined in the Vildagliptin group, whereas it did not change significantly in the Glimepiride group.	Vildagliptin	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	4-14
23384119-7	2013	The proinsulin to insulin ratio declined in the Vildagliptin group, whereas it did not change significantly in the Glimepiride group.	Vildagliptin	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	7-14
23384119-8	2013	Addition of Vildagliptin to ongoing Metformin treatment reconstitutes the disproportionality of the proinsulin to insulin secretion from the beta cell.	Vildagliptin	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-110
23384119-8	2013	Addition of Vildagliptin to ongoing Metformin treatment reconstitutes the disproportionality of the proinsulin to insulin secretion from the beta cell.	Vildagliptin	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
23504176-8	2013	Vildagliptin improved cardiac dysfunction and overall survival in the TAC mice, both by improving impaired glucose tolerance and by increasing GLP-1 levels.	Vildagliptin	0-12	glucagon	Mus musculus	143-148
23039321-1	2013	AIM: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin 50 mg bid as add-on therapy to insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	67-79	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	86-89
23501107-3	2013	We determined the co-crystal structure of vildagliptin with DPP-4 by X-ray crystallography and compared the binding modes of six launched inhibitors in DPP-4.	Vildagliptin	42-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
23501107-3	2013	We determined the co-crystal structure of vildagliptin with DPP-4 by X-ray crystallography and compared the binding modes of six launched inhibitors in DPP-4.	Vildagliptin	42-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	152-157
23650450-0	2013	Managing diabetic patients with moderate or severe renal impairment using DPP-4 inhibitors: focus on vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	101-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
23323612-3	2013	CASE REPORT: We report a case in which angioedema induced by vildagliptin disappeared after changing to another DPP-4 inhibitor, alogliptin.	Vildagliptin	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	112-117
23364453-5	2013	Cohorts of diabetic rats received a 12-week treatment of vildagliptin (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor) or exenatide (GLP-1 analog).	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	71-93
23523961-5	2013	The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of treatment with vildagliptin, a DPP-IV inhibitor, in beta-cells in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ).	Vildagliptin	94-106	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	110-116
23711060-3	2013	Vildagliptin is a molecule from the group of DPP 4 inhibitors which is recently used in internal outpatient care.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-50
23039321-3	2013	Patients received treatment with vildagliptin 50 mg bid or placebo for 24 weeks.	Vildagliptin	33-45	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	52-55
23039321-8	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin 50 mg bid added to insulin significantly reduced HbA1c in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled by insulin, with or without metformin.	Vildagliptin	13-25	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	32-35
23039321-8	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin 50 mg bid added to insulin significantly reduced HbA1c in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled by insulin, with or without metformin.	Vildagliptin	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
23240760-2	2013	Although the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, is known to improve peripheral insulin sensitivity, its effects on neuronal insulin resistance and brain mitochondrial dysfunction caused by a HFD are unknown.	Vildagliptin	47-59	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	13-35
23240760-7	2013	Vildagliptin prevented neuronal insulin resistance by restoring insulin-induced long-term depression and neuronal IR phosphorylation, IRS-1 phosphorylation and Akt/PKB-ser phosphorylation.	Vildagliptin	0-12	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	114-116
23240760-7	2013	Vildagliptin prevented neuronal insulin resistance by restoring insulin-induced long-term depression and neuronal IR phosphorylation, IRS-1 phosphorylation and Akt/PKB-ser phosphorylation.	Vildagliptin	0-12	insulin receptor substrate 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-139
23240760-9	2013	Vildagliptin effectively restored neuronal IR function, increased glucagon-like-peptide 1 levels and prevented brain mitochondrial dysfunction, thus attenuating the impaired cognitive function caused by HFD.	Vildagliptin	0-12	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	43-45
23240760-9	2013	Vildagliptin effectively restored neuronal IR function, increased glucagon-like-peptide 1 levels and prevented brain mitochondrial dysfunction, thus attenuating the impaired cognitive function caused by HFD.	Vildagliptin	0-12	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	66-89
23430354-2	2013	Vildagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that is given either alone or in combination with oral hypoglycemic drugs, including metformin.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-46
22972222-7	2013	These results suggest that the difference in the degree of improvement of the glucose tolerance between the responder group and non-responder group in this study could be associated with the effect of vildagliptin on the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, but not on the insulin sensitivity.	Vildagliptin	201-213	insulin	Homo sapiens	240-247
22882290-0	2013	Studies in rodents with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin to evaluate possible drug-induced pancreatic histological changes that are predictive of pancreatitis and cancer development in man.	Vildagliptin	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
24137964-7	2013	When vildagliptin was used in combination therapy, with the lean body mass being preserved, there was a statistically significant decrease in total body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, and tissue fat percentage without considering bone mass, as well as waist circumference (WC), which was attended by an elevation of adiponectin levels.	Vildagliptin	5-17	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	326-337
24185376-6	2013	Vildagliptin, a potent inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26 efficiently inhibited the DPPIV/CD26-catalysed hydrolysis reaction.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
24185376-6	2013	Vildagliptin, a potent inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26 efficiently inhibited the DPPIV/CD26-catalysed hydrolysis reaction.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-46
24185376-6	2013	Vildagliptin, a potent inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26 efficiently inhibited the DPPIV/CD26-catalysed hydrolysis reaction.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	73-78
24185376-6	2013	Vildagliptin, a potent inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26 efficiently inhibited the DPPIV/CD26-catalysed hydrolysis reaction.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-83
24081217-1	2013	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Vildagliptin is an oral inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4, an enzyme mainly responsible for inactivating incretins, and one of the widely used drugs for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	17-29	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	54-76
23818788-1	2013	Vildagliptin is a selective and potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that improves glycemic control by inhibiting the degradation of both endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-61
23818788-1	2013	Vildagliptin is a selective and potent dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that improves glycemic control by inhibiting the degradation of both endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide.	Vildagliptin	0-12	glucagon	Homo sapiens	152-175
24137964-9	2013	CONCLUSION: The glucose-lowering efficiency of combination therapy with metformin + vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, was comparable with that of a metformin + SU combination, but safer with respect to the risk of developing hypoglycemia.	Vildagliptin	84-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
23121473-6	2012	Vildagliptin + metformin also decreased resistin, RBP-4, and chemerin better.	Vildagliptin	0-12	retinol binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	50-55
23033273-6	2012	GLP-1 alone, even at high doses, did not affect feeding in wild-type mice or rats but did reduce food intake when combined with vildagliptin or given to Dpp4(-/-) mice.	Vildagliptin	128-140	glucagon	Mus musculus	0-5
23378769-1	2013	BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of vildagliptin 50 mg once daily in patients with severe renal impairment (estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and longstanding type 2 diabetes not adequately controlled with insulin therapy, which is a difficult-to-treat population, with limited therapeutic options and a high susceptibility to hypoglycemia.	Vildagliptin	70-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	269-276
23378769-4	2013	RESULTS: With vildagliptin in combination with insulin, the adjusted mean change (AMDelta) in HbA(1c) from baseline (7.7% +- 0.1%) was -0.9% +- 0.4% and the between-treatment difference (vildagliptin - placebo) was -0.6% +- 0.2% (P < 0.001).	Vildagliptin	187-199	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
23378769-8	2013	CONCLUSION: When added to insulin therapy in patients with severe renal impairment and longstanding type 2 diabetes, vildagliptin 50 mg once daily was efficacious, eliciting HbA(1c) reductions consistent with those previously reported for a patient population with much more recent onset of type 2 diabetes and normal renal function, and had a hypoglycemic profile comparable with placebo.	Vildagliptin	117-129	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
23378769-9	2013	Accordingly, vildagliptin is a suitable treatment option for patients with advanced type 2 diabetes and impaired renal function who require insulin therapy and present a serious therapeutic challenge in clinical practice.	Vildagliptin	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	140-147
23431062-5	2013	The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin has also been shown to protect from hypoglycemia by enhancing glucagon counterregulation.	Vildagliptin	46-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-27
23431062-5	2013	The dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin has also been shown to protect from hypoglycemia by enhancing glucagon counterregulation.	Vildagliptin	46-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
23431062-6	2013	The effectiveness of combining vildagliptin with insulin was demonstrated in three different studies in which vildagliptin decreased A1C levels when added to insulin therapy without increasing hypoglycemia.	Vildagliptin	110-122	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
23431062-8	2013	Furthermore, the effectiveness of vildagliptin appears to be greater when insulin is used as a basal regimen as opposed to being used to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia, since improvement in insulin secretion likely plays a minor role when relatively high doses of insulin are administered before meals.	Vildagliptin	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
23431062-8	2013	Furthermore, the effectiveness of vildagliptin appears to be greater when insulin is used as a basal regimen as opposed to being used to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia, since improvement in insulin secretion likely plays a minor role when relatively high doses of insulin are administered before meals.	Vildagliptin	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	193-200
23431062-8	2013	Furthermore, the effectiveness of vildagliptin appears to be greater when insulin is used as a basal regimen as opposed to being used to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia, since improvement in insulin secretion likely plays a minor role when relatively high doses of insulin are administered before meals.	Vildagliptin	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	193-200
23565473-6	2012	This appears to be the first reported case of acute pancreatitis from India probably attributable to use of vildagliptin, thus raising the possibility that this rare reaction may be a class effect of the DPP-4 inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	108-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	204-209
23121473-6	2012	Vildagliptin + metformin also decreased resistin, RBP-4, and chemerin better.	Vildagliptin	0-12	retinoic acid receptor responder 2	Homo sapiens	61-69
22736406-0	2012	Impact of insulin resistance, body mass index, disease duration, and duration of metformin use on the efficacy of vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	114-126	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
22736406-2	2012	This work, therefore, aimed to assess the impact of such factors on the efficacy of the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, in add-on therapy to metformin.	Vildagliptin	105-117	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
22736406-10	2012	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin add-on therapy to metformin was efficacious independent of IR stage and BMI, as well as disease duration and duration of prior metformin use, indicating that, contrary to a not uncommon perception, more obese patients and patients with long-standing T2DM can benefit from treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	316-321
22621958-2	2012	Whereas metformin is a widely used antidiabetic drug to improve insulin resistance, vildagliptin is a novel oral antidiabetic drug in a group of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in which its cardiac effect is unclear.	Vildagliptin	84-96	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	145-167
23110260-3	2012	The DPP IV inhibitors saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin and sitagliptin function by inhibiting the enzyme DPP IV, which breaks down GLP-1 and GIP, and have had significant success.	Vildagliptin	35-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-10
22718884-4	2012	As DPP4 and its substrates are also expressed in the kidney, we studied the effect of the DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin on the outcome of IRI-induced acute kidney injury in rats in a model of 30-min unilateral renal ischemia, followed by contralateral nephrectomy.	Vildagliptin	105-117	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
22819773-2	2012	The exogenous rDPPIV increased lipid accumulation and PPAR-gamma expression, whereas an inhibitor of DPPIV, the anti-diabetic drug vildagliptin, suppresses the stimulatory role of DPPIV on adipogenesis and lipid accumulation, but had no effect on lipolysis.	Vildagliptin	131-143	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	101-106
22819773-4	2012	Vildagliptin inhibits PPAR-gamma expression and lipid accumulation without changing lipolysis, suggesting that this does not impair the ability of adipose tissue to store triglycerides inside lipid droplets.	Vildagliptin	0-12	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Mus musculus	22-32
22822047-0	2012	DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin preserves beta-cell mass through amelioration of endoplasmic reticulum stress in C/EBPB transgenic mice.	Vildagliptin	15-27	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	0-4
22822047-0	2012	DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin preserves beta-cell mass through amelioration of endoplasmic reticulum stress in C/EBPB transgenic mice.	Vildagliptin	15-27	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta	Mus musculus	109-115
22822047-2	2012	Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, is representative of a new class of antidiabetic agents that act through increasing the expression of glucagon-like peptide-1.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	16-38
22822047-9	2012	The expression of C/EBPB protein, but not mRNA, was unexpectedly downregulated in vildagliptin-treated TG mice and in exenatide-treated MIN6 cells.	Vildagliptin	82-94	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta	Mus musculus	18-24
22822047-11	2012	Vildagliptin elicits protective effects on pancreatic beta cells, possibly through C/EBPB degradation, and has potential for preventing the progression of type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta	Mus musculus	83-89
22686547-2	2012	The aim of this review is to compare the clinical pharmacokinetics of available DPP-4 inhibitors (alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin) for the purpose of identifying potential selection preferences according to individual patient variables and co-morbidities.	Vildagliptin	152-164	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-85
22690943-1	2012	AIM: Assess long-term safety and efficacy of the dipeptidlyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin in 369 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and moderate or severe renal impairment (RI).	Vildagliptin	91-103	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-79
22688551-9	2012	Vildagliptin treatment was associated with a stronger decrease in nitrotyrosine (P < 0.01), IL-6 (P < 0.05), and IL-18 (P < 0.05) than sitagliptin treatment.	Vildagliptin	0-12	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	95-99
22688551-9	2012	Vildagliptin treatment was associated with a stronger decrease in nitrotyrosine (P < 0.01), IL-6 (P < 0.05), and IL-18 (P < 0.05) than sitagliptin treatment.	Vildagliptin	0-12	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	119-124
23110260-3	2012	The DPP IV inhibitors saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin and sitagliptin function by inhibiting the enzyme DPP IV, which breaks down GLP-1 and GIP, and have had significant success.	Vildagliptin	35-47	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-129
23110260-3	2012	The DPP IV inhibitors saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin and sitagliptin function by inhibiting the enzyme DPP IV, which breaks down GLP-1 and GIP, and have had significant success.	Vildagliptin	35-47	glucagon	Homo sapiens	149-154
23110260-3	2012	The DPP IV inhibitors saxagliptin, vildagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin and sitagliptin function by inhibiting the enzyme DPP IV, which breaks down GLP-1 and GIP, and have had significant success.	Vildagliptin	35-47	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	159-162
22855332-1	2012	CONTEXT: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, inhibits glucagon secretion at hyperglycemia but appears to enhance glucagon counterregulation during hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	47-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-35
22820107-0	2012	Effects of long-term treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin on islet endocrine cells in non-obese type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.	Vildagliptin	73-85	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	40-62
22820107-3	2012	Therefore, we examined the long-term effects of treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin on islet morphology in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a spontaneous, non-obese model of type 2 diabetes, and explored the underlying mechanisms.	Vildagliptin	100-112	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	67-89
22820107-7	2012	We found that vildagliptin improved glucose tolerance and insulin secretion, and suppressed hyperglucagonemia by increasing plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations.	Vildagliptin	14-26	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	138-161
22369287-5	2012	The adjusted mean change (AMDelta) in HbA1c at endpoint was -1.05 +- 0.08%, -0.92 +- 0.08% and -0.54 +- 0.08% in patients receiving vildagliptin 50 mg bid, 50 mg qd and placebo, respectively.	Vildagliptin	132-144	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
22369287-5	2012	The adjusted mean change (AMDelta) in HbA1c at endpoint was -1.05 +- 0.08%, -0.92 +- 0.08% and -0.54 +- 0.08% in patients receiving vildagliptin 50 mg bid, 50 mg qd and placebo, respectively.	Vildagliptin	132-144	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	151-154
22369287-6	2012	The between-treatment difference (vildagliptin 50 mg bid-placebo) was -0.51 +- 0.11%, p < 0.001.	Vildagliptin	34-46	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	53-56
22219460-5	2012	Inhibition of CD26/DPP-4 activity in recipients was achieved using vildagliptin (10 mg/kg, every 12 h) subcutaneously, and 6 h ischaemia time was applied prior to implantation.	Vildagliptin	67-79	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	14-18
22672501-4	2012	DESIGN: We plan to prospectively investigate the effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition with vildagliptin on a number of atherothrombotic markers and adipokines in patients with proven atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	99-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-82
22191695-2	2012	Vildagliptin is an oral DPP-4 inhibitor approved in more than 70 countries.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
22626875-0	2012	Vildagliptin selectively ameliorates GLP-1, GLUT4, SREBP-1c mRNA levels and stimulates beta-cell proliferation resulting in improved glucose homeostasis in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
22626875-0	2012	Vildagliptin selectively ameliorates GLP-1, GLUT4, SREBP-1c mRNA levels and stimulates beta-cell proliferation resulting in improved glucose homeostasis in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	44-49
22626875-0	2012	Vildagliptin selectively ameliorates GLP-1, GLUT4, SREBP-1c mRNA levels and stimulates beta-cell proliferation resulting in improved glucose homeostasis in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-59
22626875-10	2012	In addition, treatment of rats with vildagliptin significantly increased insulin content; and decreased the nitric oxide and TNF-alpha concentration.	Vildagliptin	36-48	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	125-134
22512264-6	2012	Regarding the measures of beta-cell function, treatment-induced changes in M-value, first- and second-phase C-peptide response to glucose, and C-peptide response to arginine were significantly higher in the vildagliptin + metformin group compared with the placebo + metformin group.	Vildagliptin	207-219	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-117
22512264-6	2012	Regarding the measures of beta-cell function, treatment-induced changes in M-value, first- and second-phase C-peptide response to glucose, and C-peptide response to arginine were significantly higher in the vildagliptin + metformin group compared with the placebo + metformin group.	Vildagliptin	207-219	insulin	Homo sapiens	143-152
22512264-7	2012	CONCLUSION: The addition of vildagliptin to metformin gave a better improvement of glycemic control, insulin resistance, and beta-cell function compared with metformin alone.	Vildagliptin	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
22051153-5	2012	Fifty-nine drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were randomized to either 1 year treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (100 mg, once daily; n = 29) or placebo (n = 30).	Vildagliptin	126-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-115
22219460-5	2012	Inhibition of CD26/DPP-4 activity in recipients was achieved using vildagliptin (10 mg/kg, every 12 h) subcutaneously, and 6 h ischaemia time was applied prior to implantation.	Vildagliptin	67-79	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	19-24
22219460-10	2012	We found co-expression of CXCR4/CD34 in the grafts of animals treated with vildagliptin, and the stem-cell markers Flt-3 and c-kit were present on a significantly increased number of cells.	Vildagliptin	75-87	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4	Mus musculus	26-31
22219460-10	2012	We found co-expression of CXCR4/CD34 in the grafts of animals treated with vildagliptin, and the stem-cell markers Flt-3 and c-kit were present on a significantly increased number of cells.	Vildagliptin	75-87	CD34 antigen	Mus musculus	32-36
22390829-1	2012	Mechanisms of action of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in humans.	Vildagliptin	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
22155545-1	2012	The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationships between the islets blood flow, nitric oxide, insulin, and cytosolic calcium in rat pancreatic islets, using dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	214-226	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	196-202
22456294-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of meal timing on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	142-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-123
22456294-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of meal timing on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	142-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-130
22442826-4	2012	RESULTS: A target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD) model accounting for capacity-limited high affinity binding of vildagliptin to DPP-4 in plasma and tissues had good predictive performance.	Vildagliptin	114-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	130-135
22442825-0	2012	Mechanism-based population modelling of the effects of vildagliptin on GLP-1, glucose and insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	55-67	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	71-76
22442826-5	2012	Modelling the full time course of the vildagliptin-DPP-4 interaction suggested parallel vildagliptin dissociation from DPP-4 by a slow first-order process and hydrolysis by DPP-4 to an inactive metabolite as a disposition mechanism.	Vildagliptin	38-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
22442825-1	2012	AIM: To build a mechanism-based population pharmacodynamic model to describe and predict the time course of active GLP-1, glucose and insulin in type 2 diabetic patients after treatment with various doses of vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	208-220	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	115-120
22442826-6	2012	Due to limited amounts of DPP-4, vildagliptin concentrations increased slightly more than dose proportionally.	Vildagliptin	33-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	26-31
22442825-11	2012	The present model can be used to predict the effects of other dosage regimens of vildagliptin on DPP-4 inhibition, active GLP-1, glucose and insulin concentrations, or can be modified and applied to other incretin-related anti-diabetes therapies.	Vildagliptin	81-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
22442826-9	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin is both an inhibitor and substrate for DPP-4.	Vildagliptin	13-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
22442826-10	2012	By utilizing the TMDD approach, slow dissociation of vildagliptin from DPP-4 was found in patients and the half-life of hydrolysis by DPP-4 estimated.	Vildagliptin	53-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
22442826-10	2012	By utilizing the TMDD approach, slow dissociation of vildagliptin from DPP-4 was found in patients and the half-life of hydrolysis by DPP-4 estimated.	Vildagliptin	53-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	134-139
22339447-26	2012	Vildagliptin increases the insulin levels following an OGTT and an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), and the stimulation of insulin secretion is glucose dependent.	Vildagliptin	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
22339447-1	2012	Vildagliptin is an orally active, potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, shown to be effective and well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as either monotherapy or in combination with other anti-diabetic agents.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-77
22339447-32	2012	Consistently, a lower incidence of hypoglycaemic events with vildagliptin is reported when it is used as either monotherapy or in combination with other anti-diabetic agents, such as metformin or insulin, as compared with a sulphonylurea.	Vildagliptin	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	196-203
22339447-1	2012	Vildagliptin is an orally active, potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, shown to be effective and well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as either monotherapy or in combination with other anti-diabetic agents.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	79-84
22339447-9	2012	The DPP-4 enzyme contributes to the formation of the major hydrolysis metabolite, LAY151; therefore, vildagliptin is also a substrate of DPP-4.	Vildagliptin	101-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
22315446-0	2012	Impact of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin on glucose tolerance and beta-cell function and mass in insulin receptor substrate-2-knockout mice fed a high-fat diet.	Vildagliptin	47-59	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	14-36
22339447-9	2012	The DPP-4 enzyme contributes to the formation of the major hydrolysis metabolite, LAY151; therefore, vildagliptin is also a substrate of DPP-4.	Vildagliptin	101-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-142
22339447-19	2012	Oral administration of vildagliptin to patients with T2DM completely inhibits DPP-4 activity at a variety of doses.	Vildagliptin	23-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
22339447-21	2012	Vildagliptin is a potent inhibitor of the DPP-4 enzyme, with a concentration required to achieve 50% DPP-4 inhibition (IC(50)) of 4.5 nmol/L in patients with T2DM.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
22339447-21	2012	Vildagliptin is a potent inhibitor of the DPP-4 enzyme, with a concentration required to achieve 50% DPP-4 inhibition (IC(50)) of 4.5 nmol/L in patients with T2DM.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	101-106
22339447-22	2012	Similar potency of DPP-4 inhibition by vildagliptin has been reported in different ethnic groups, indicating that ethnicity does not affect the pharmacodynamics of vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	39-51	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-24
22315446-6	2012	In the oral glucose tolerance test performed 1 d after discontinuation of vildagliptin administration, the area under the curve (0-120 min) of blood glucose was still significantly decreased and the insulin response to glucose was significantly increased in the Irs2(-/-) mice treated with vildagliptin as compared with the values in the mice not treated with vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	74-86	insulin receptor substrate 2	Mus musculus	262-266
22315446-6	2012	In the oral glucose tolerance test performed 1 d after discontinuation of vildagliptin administration, the area under the curve (0-120 min) of blood glucose was still significantly decreased and the insulin response to glucose was significantly increased in the Irs2(-/-) mice treated with vildagliptin as compared with the values in the mice not treated with vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	290-302	insulin receptor substrate 2	Mus musculus	262-266
22315446-6	2012	In the oral glucose tolerance test performed 1 d after discontinuation of vildagliptin administration, the area under the curve (0-120 min) of blood glucose was still significantly decreased and the insulin response to glucose was significantly increased in the Irs2(-/-) mice treated with vildagliptin as compared with the values in the mice not treated with vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	290-302	insulin receptor substrate 2	Mus musculus	262-266
22315446-8	2012	Our results suggest that vildagliptin improved glucose tolerance and increased the beta-cell mass by reducing beta-cell apoptosis in the Irs2(-/-) mice, and that the reduction of beta-cell apoptosis by vildagliptin was independent of the Irs2 expression in the cells.	Vildagliptin	25-37	insulin receptor substrate 2	Mus musculus	137-141
22025647-2	2012	The aim of this study was to determine whether the DPP IV inhibitor LAF237 (vildagliptin) has renoprotective qualities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.	Vildagliptin	76-88	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	51-57
22701828-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: Addition of vildagliptin to ongoing insulin therapy may help in terms of overall glycemic control as well as reduction in dose of insulin and weight.	Vildagliptin	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
22701828-1	2012	OBJECTIVE: Addition of vildagliptin to ongoing insulin therapy may help in terms of overall glycemic control as well as reduction in dose of insulin and weight.	Vildagliptin	23-35	insulin	Homo sapiens	141-148
22701828-10	2012	CONCLUSION: Addition of vildagliptin and FDC of vildagliptin and metformin is an effective strategy in glycemic control, reduction in dose of insulin and weight of patients suffering with T2DM.	Vildagliptin	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	142-149
22701828-10	2012	CONCLUSION: Addition of vildagliptin and FDC of vildagliptin and metformin is an effective strategy in glycemic control, reduction in dose of insulin and weight of patients suffering with T2DM.	Vildagliptin	48-60	insulin	Homo sapiens	142-149
21867423-5	2011	Dilution assay indicated a long dissociation half-life (730 min) relative to DPPIV inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	93-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
22616349-0	2011	Emerging role of DPP-4 inhibitor Vildagliptin in the management of type-2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	33-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
22397507-4	2012	AREAS COVERED: This paper provides an overview of the clinical results of combination therapy with metformin and the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in T2DM patients.	Vildagliptin	133-145	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
22661900-1	2012	The efficacy and safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, as monotherapy have been widely confirmed in a large body of clinical studies of up to 2 years" duration in various populations with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	65-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
21507182-0	2011	Mechanisms of action of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in humans.	Vildagliptin	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-50
21733061-1	2011	AIM: Assess safety/tolerability and efficacy of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in 515 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and moderate or severe renal impairment (RI).	Vildagliptin	68-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
21507182-1	2011	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) by vildagliptin prevents degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and reduces glycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with low risk for hypoglycaemia and no weight gain.	Vildagliptin	48-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
21507182-1	2011	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) by vildagliptin prevents degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and reduces glycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with low risk for hypoglycaemia and no weight gain.	Vildagliptin	48-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
21507182-1	2011	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) by vildagliptin prevents degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and reduces glycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with low risk for hypoglycaemia and no weight gain.	Vildagliptin	48-60	glucagon	Homo sapiens	85-108
21507182-1	2011	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) by vildagliptin prevents degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and reduces glycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, with low risk for hypoglycaemia and no weight gain.	Vildagliptin	48-60	glucagon	Homo sapiens	110-115
21507182-2	2011	Vildagliptin binds covalently to the catalytic site of DPP-4, eliciting prolonged enzyme inhibition.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
21507182-6	2011	Vildagliptin also inhibits hepatic glucose production, mainly through changes in islet hormone secretion, and improves insulin sensitivity, as determined with a variety of methods.	Vildagliptin	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	119-126
21913883-1	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors linagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin are being developed and have been approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	85-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
21788633-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	71-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-60
21955567-0	2011	Early and late effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in a rat model of post-myocardial infarction heart failure.	Vildagliptin	46-58	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	30-35
21955567-4	2011	We hypothesized that the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin will increase levels of GLP-1 and may exert protective effects on cardiac function after MI.	Vildagliptin	41-53	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
21955567-4	2011	We hypothesized that the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin will increase levels of GLP-1 and may exert protective effects on cardiac function after MI.	Vildagliptin	41-53	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
21955567-6	2011	Parts of the rats with an MI were pre-treated for 2 days with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (MI-Vildagliptin immediate, MI-VI, 15 mg/kg/day).	Vildagliptin	82-94	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	66-71
21955567-7	2011	The remainder of the rats was, three weeks after coronary artery ligation, subjected to treatment with DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (MI-Vildagliptin Late, MI-VL) or control (MI).	Vildagliptin	119-131	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	103-108
21955567-9	2011	RESULTS: Vildagliptin inhibited the DPP-4 enzymatic activity by almost 70% and increased active GLP-1 levels by about 3-fold in plasma in both treated groups (p < 0.05 vs. non-treated groups).	Vildagliptin	9-21	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
21955567-9	2011	RESULTS: Vildagliptin inhibited the DPP-4 enzymatic activity by almost 70% and increased active GLP-1 levels by about 3-fold in plasma in both treated groups (p < 0.05 vs. non-treated groups).	Vildagliptin	9-21	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
21955567-14	2011	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin increases the active GLP-1 level via inhibition of DPP-4, but it has no substantial protective effects on cardiac function in this well established long-term post-MI cardiac remodeling model.	Vildagliptin	12-24	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	46-51
21913883-1	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors linagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin are being developed and have been approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	85-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
21955567-14	2011	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin increases the active GLP-1 level via inhibition of DPP-4, but it has no substantial protective effects on cardiac function in this well established long-term post-MI cardiac remodeling model.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
21547496-2	2011	The dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves beta cell function both acutely and chronically (up to 2 years).	Vildagliptin	42-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-31
21547496-12	2011	RESULTS: Fifty-two week vildagliptin 100 mg (n = 26) treatment increased the primary efficacy variable, combined hyperglycaemia and arginine-stimulated C-peptide secretion (AIR(arg)), by 5.0 +- 1.8 nmol/l x min, while it decreased by 0.8 +- 1.8 nmol/l x min with placebo (n = 25) (between-group difference p = 0.030).	Vildagliptin	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	152-161
22521013-4	2011	Vildagliptin is an inhibitor of oral DPP-4, the most studied of this new class.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-42
21679097-2	2011	Vildagliptin is a new DPP-4 inhibitor approved in many countries for the treatment of T2DM.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
21727749-4	2011	The incritin memetics are potentially safe during Ramadan; the DPP4 inhibitors vildagliptin and sitagliptin provide an effective and safe therapeutic option, administered either alone or in combination with metformin or sulfonylureas.	Vildagliptin	79-91	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-67
22521013-5	2011	Inhibiting the rapid degradation of incretins, the vildagliptin increases levels of GLP-1, getting this hormone available to modulate the function of a and ss cells.	Vildagliptin	51-63	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	84-89
22127800-6	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, is a good treatment option to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia over time, while maintaining good glucose control.	Vildagliptin	38-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
21665041-3	2011	OBJECTIVE: This review discusses the pharmacokinetic properties and clinical profiles of the GLP-1 receptor agonists (exenatide twice daily, liraglutide once daily, exenatide once weekly, taspoglutide, and albiglutide) and the DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin, and alogliptin) available for use or in late-stage development.	Vildagliptin	271-283	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	93-107
21609207-0	2011	Thorough QT study of the effects of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, on cardiac repolarization and conduction in healthy volunteers.	Vildagliptin	36-48	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-75
21609207-1	2011	OBJECTIVE: This randomized, double-blind study evaluated the effects of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor for treating type 2 diabetes, on cardiac repolarization and conduction.	Vildagliptin	72-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-111
21320599-1	2011	Vildagliptin is a stable inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV, a responsible enzyme that mainly inactivates glucagon-like peptide-1, and now one of the widely used agents for the treatment of diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	38-61
21324812-4	2011	This occurred 5 weeks after the commencement of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitor, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	48-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
21320599-7	2011	Vildagliptin significantly reduced both mRNA and protein levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in thoracic aorta of OLETF rats.	Vildagliptin	0-12	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	67-101
21320599-7	2011	Vildagliptin significantly reduced both mRNA and protein levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in thoracic aorta of OLETF rats.	Vildagliptin	0-12	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-174
21755761-0	2011	Emerging role of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	59-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-40
21595278-2	2011	New DPP-4 inhibitors are expected to be available soon in addition to currently available DPP-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and alogliptin.	Vildagliptin	121-133	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
21755761-0	2011	Emerging role of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	59-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
21239518-0	2011	Inhibition of DPP-4 with vildagliptin improved insulin secretion in response to oral as well as "isoglycemic" intravenous glucose without numerically changing the incretin effect in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	25-37	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
21755761-8	2011	Vildagliptin is a drug from a new class of medications called dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	62-85
21239518-2	2011	The aim of the present study was to quantitatively assess the incretin effect after treatment with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (V) or placebo (P) in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	119-131	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
21755761-8	2011	Vildagliptin is a drug from a new class of medications called dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	87-91
21755761-9	2011	By inhibiting DPP-4, vildagliptin causes an increase in GLP-1, an intestinal hormone that aids in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion.	Vildagliptin	21-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-19
21755761-9	2011	By inhibiting DPP-4, vildagliptin causes an increase in GLP-1, an intestinal hormone that aids in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion.	Vildagliptin	21-33	glucagon	Homo sapiens	56-61
21755761-10	2011	Vildagliptin has a half-life of about 90 minutes; however, > or = 50% of DPP4 inhibition continues for more than 10 hours, allowing for once- or twice-daily dosing.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-80
21205107-3	2011	Therefore, individual gliptins need to be characterized and here we discuss the extensively studied DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin, which has binding characteristics that ensure inhibition of the enzyme beyond the presence of detectable drug levels in plasma.	Vildagliptin	116-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
21332170-4	2011	Vildagliptin, a specific inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26, was able to completely block the hydrolysis of the prodrugs in the presence of purified DPPIV/CD26 human, murine, and bovine serum.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
21332170-4	2011	Vildagliptin, a specific inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26, was able to completely block the hydrolysis of the prodrugs in the presence of purified DPPIV/CD26 human, murine, and bovine serum.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-48
21332170-4	2011	Vildagliptin, a specific inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26, was able to completely block the hydrolysis of the prodrugs in the presence of purified DPPIV/CD26 human, murine, and bovine serum.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-143
21332170-4	2011	Vildagliptin, a specific inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26, was able to completely block the hydrolysis of the prodrugs in the presence of purified DPPIV/CD26 human, murine, and bovine serum.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	144-148
30290444-4	2011	DPP-4 inhibitors have a low incidence of hypoglycemia without significant weight gain and there is strong evidence that the administration of vildagliptin results in improved alpha- and beta-cell function.	Vildagliptin	142-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
21205107-8	2011	Vildagliptin"s therapeutic actions are primarily mediated by GLP-1 and metformin enhances vildagliptin"s effect to raise plasma levels of intact GLP-1.	Vildagliptin	90-102	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	145-150
20938933-3	2010	Many DPP4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, have been developed and marketed, but superior therapeutic agents are still required.	Vildagliptin	46-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	5-9
21488586-2	2011	Sitagliptin and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, also known as "gliptins".	Vildagliptin	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-55
21488586-2	2011	Sitagliptin and vildagliptin are dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, also known as "gliptins".	Vildagliptin	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	57-62
20940010-0	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26, EC 3.4.14.5) inhibitor vildagliptin is a potent antihyperalgesic in rats by promoting endomorphin-2 generation in the spinal cord.	Vildagliptin	58-70	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	4-27
20940010-0	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase IV (CD26, EC 3.4.14.5) inhibitor vildagliptin is a potent antihyperalgesic in rats by promoting endomorphin-2 generation in the spinal cord.	Vildagliptin	58-70	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	29-33
21921362-0	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis.	Vildagliptin	45-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
21921362-0	2011	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients undergoing hemodialysis.	Vildagliptin	45-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
21921362-1	2011	The potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes through incretin hormone-mediated increases in both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	58-70	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-47
21070766-0	2011	The DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin increases pancreatic beta cell mass in neonatal rats.	Vildagliptin	20-32	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
21070766-1	2011	The present study addressed the effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin ((1-[[(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl) amino] acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine), LAF237) on pancreatic beta cell mass in neonatal rats.	Vildagliptin	87-99	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	46-68
21070766-1	2011	The present study addressed the effect of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin ((1-[[(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl) amino] acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine), LAF237) on pancreatic beta cell mass in neonatal rats.	Vildagliptin	87-99	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	70-75
21070766-7	2011	These data show that the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin increased pancreatic beta cell mass through enhanced beta cell replication and reduced apoptosis.	Vildagliptin	41-53	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
21819162-1	2011	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin and sitagliptin are oral dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors approved in Japan for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus when adequate glycaemic control is not achieved with diet, exercise or sulphonylureas.	Vildagliptin	26-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
21966329-9	2011	These DPP-4 inhibitors include sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and many others which are still in the experimental phase.	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	6-11
20730070-6	2010	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are generally weight-neutral, although modest weight loss has been observed with the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, in patients with relatively low baseline glycemia.	Vildagliptin	142-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-28
21079371-0	2010	[Preclinical and clinical findings of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin].	Vildagliptin	75-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-64
20925938-4	2010	Vildagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves pancreatic islet function by enhancing both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to increased blood glucose.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-46
20925938-4	2010	Vildagliptin is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves pancreatic islet function by enhancing both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to increased blood glucose.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-53
20625970-3	2010	In this study, we investigated the potential utility of combination therapy with vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor and nateglinide, a rapid-onset/short-duration insulinotropic agent, for the treatment of postprandial metabolic derangements in Zucker Fatty (ZF) rats, an animal model of obesity with insulin resistance.	Vildagliptin	81-93	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	122-128
20625970-6	2010	6-week treatment with nateglinide and vildagliptin not only increased hepatic levels of phosphorylated forkhead box protein 1A (FOXO1A), but also reduced triglyceride contents in the liver.	Vildagliptin	38-50	forkhead box O1	Rattus norvegicus	103-126
20625970-6	2010	6-week treatment with nateglinide and vildagliptin not only increased hepatic levels of phosphorylated forkhead box protein 1A (FOXO1A), but also reduced triglyceride contents in the liver.	Vildagliptin	38-50	forkhead box O1	Rattus norvegicus	128-134
20964454-1	2010	Vildagliptin (Galvus , Jalra , Xiliarx ) is an orally administered dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-89
20964454-1	2010	Vildagliptin (Galvus , Jalra , Xiliarx ) is an orally administered dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
20708812-3	2010	Currently, three DPP-4 inhibitors - sitagliptin, vildagliptin and saxagliptin - have been approved in various countries worldwide.	Vildagliptin	49-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
20707611-3	2010	DPP IV inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin) offer new options for combined pharmacological therapy.	Vildagliptin	32-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
20537746-1	2010	AIM: To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin, a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, as add-on to glimepiride in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were inadequately controlled.	Vildagliptin	53-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-112
20860912-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To assess the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of vildagliptin, a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	74-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	124-147
20860912-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To assess the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of vildagliptin, a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	74-86	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	149-154
20860912-5	2010	DPP-4 activity was completely inhibited for varying durations by all doses of vildagliptin; the duration of complete DPP-4 inhibition was dose-dependent.	Vildagliptin	78-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
20860912-6	2010	DPP-4 inhibition after vildagliptin 50 mg twice daily remained > 80% throughout the 24-h period.	Vildagliptin	23-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
20860912-7	2010	Vildagliptin treatment led to a dose-dependent increase in plasma active GLP-1 levels; the overall increases (area under the effect-time course from 0 to 8 h, AUE0-8h) after 7 days" treatment were 1.5-, 1.7-, and 1.8-fold with vildagliptin 10 mg, 25 mg and 50 mg twice daily, respectively (all p < 0.0001 vs. placebo).	Vildagliptin	0-12	glucagon	Homo sapiens	73-78
21205499-7	2010	Three inhibitors of DPP4: sitagliptin, and vildagliptin and saxagliptin produce a prolonged inhibition of DPP4 and as a consequence increased effect of native incretins with better control of fasting and postprandial glucose and improve on A1c with a very few hypoglycemic events.	Vildagliptin	43-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-24
21205499-7	2010	Three inhibitors of DPP4: sitagliptin, and vildagliptin and saxagliptin produce a prolonged inhibition of DPP4 and as a consequence increased effect of native incretins with better control of fasting and postprandial glucose and improve on A1c with a very few hypoglycemic events.	Vildagliptin	43-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	106-110
20730070-6	2010	Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are generally weight-neutral, although modest weight loss has been observed with the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, in patients with relatively low baseline glycemia.	Vildagliptin	142-154	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-130
20590747-6	2010	The adjusted mean change in HbA1c from baseline to endpoint was -0.95 +/- 0.04% in the vildagliptin-treated patients and -0.38 +/- 0.04% in those receiving voglibose (between-group change = 0.57 +/- 0.06%, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-0.68 to -0.46%), p < 0.001), showing that vildagliptin was superior to voglibose.	Vildagliptin	87-99	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	28-32
20590747-11	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin (50 mg bid) showed superior efficacy and better tolerability compared with voglibose in Japanese patients with T2D.	Vildagliptin	13-25	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	33-36
20441397-3	2010	The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the challenges in managing T2DM in the elderly, with an emphasis on prevention of hypoglycaemia and the role of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in this patient population.	Vildagliptin	190-202	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	174-179
20560108-1	2010	The aim of the study was to compare the effects of vildagliptin added to pioglitazone or glimepiride on metabolic and insulin resistance related-indices in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	118-125
20560108-5	2010	Fasting plasma insulin, FPPr, Pr/FPI ratio, R, and TNF-alpha were significantly decreased and ADN was significantly increased with pioglitazone plus vildagliptin, but not with glimepiride plus vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	149-161	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	94-97
20560108-7	2010	Pioglitazone plus vildagliptin were found to be more effective in preserving beta-cell function, and in reducing insulin resistance, and inflammatory state parameters.	Vildagliptin	18-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	113-120
20642545-0	2010	Hormonal and metabolic effects of morning or evening dosing of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	101-113	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-90
20642545-1	2010	WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT: Vildagliptin is an orally active, potent inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV and was developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	42-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-119
20642545-5	2010	Morning or evening dosing with vildagliptin had similar effects on 24 h glycaemic control and plasma concentrations of the hormones insulin, glucagon and glucagon-like peptide 1.	Vildagliptin	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	132-177
20642545-6	2010	AIM: This randomized, double-blind, crossover study compared post-prandial hormonal and metabolic effects of vildagliptin, (an oral, potent, selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV [DPP-4]) administered morning or evening in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	109-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	164-187
20642545-6	2010	AIM: This randomized, double-blind, crossover study compared post-prandial hormonal and metabolic effects of vildagliptin, (an oral, potent, selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV [DPP-4]) administered morning or evening in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	109-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	189-194
20642545-9	2010	RESULTS: Vildagliptin inhibited DPP-4 activity (>80% for 15.5 h post-dose), and increased active glucagon-like peptide-1 compared with placebo.	Vildagliptin	9-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
20642545-9	2010	RESULTS: Vildagliptin inhibited DPP-4 activity (>80% for 15.5 h post-dose), and increased active glucagon-like peptide-1 compared with placebo.	Vildagliptin	9-21	glucagon	Homo sapiens	100-123
20441397-8	2010	Data on the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin indicate that reductions in A1C in elderly patients are at least as good as those observed in younger patients and are achieved with minimal risk of hypoglycaemia.	Vildagliptin	28-40	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
20380648-8	2010	The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists exenatide and liraglutide and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin effectively lower HbA1c; exenatide and liraglutide reduce weight and blood pressure and improve lipid profiles.	Vildagliptin	146-158	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-110
20518804-1	2010	AIM: To assess the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular (CCV) safety of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	108-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-97
20518804-9	2010	The results were consistent across subgroups defined by age, gender and CV risk status, including the higher CV risk subgroups of elderly patients [RR for vildagliptin 50 mg bid vs. all comparators = 1.04; 95% CI (0.62, 1.73)], males [RR = 0.87; 95% CI (0.60, 1.24)] or patients with a high CV risk status [RR = 0.78; 95% CI (0.51, 1.19)].	Vildagliptin	155-167	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	174-177
20518804-10	2010	The exposure-adjusted incidences of each component of the composite endpoint for vildagliptin 50 mg bid were also lower than or similar to those of all comparators.	Vildagliptin	81-93	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	100-103
20518805-5	2010	For mild hepatic enzyme elevations with and without elevated bilirubin levels, the ORs for vildagliptin 50 mg bid were 1.24 (95% CI: [0.80, 1.93]) and 1.19 (95% CI: [0.29, 4.90]), respectively.	Vildagliptin	91-103	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	110-113
20518805-7	2010	For hepatic and pancreatitis-related AEs, the ORs for vildagliptin 50 mg bid were 0.87 (95% CI: [0.64, 1.19]) and 0.70 (95% CI: [0.26, 1.88]), respectively, and for any AE in the infections and infestations SOC, this was 1.04 (95% CI: [0.96, 1.13]).	Vildagliptin	54-66	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	73-76
20415690-10	2010	DSP-7238 did not inhibit DPP IV-related enzymes including DPP8, DPP9, DPP II and FAPalpha, whereas vildagliptin and saxagliptin showed inhibition of DPP8 and DPP9.	Vildagliptin	99-111	dipeptidylpeptidase 9	Mus musculus	158-162
20067974-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To determine if the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin more effectively inhibits glucagon levels than the sulfonylurea glimepiride during a meal.	Vildagliptin	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
19755410-9	2009	Comparison of in vitro inhibition of DPP-IV by nateglinide and vildagliptin revealed IC(50) values of 17.1 and 2.1 microM respectively.	Vildagliptin	63-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-43
20217513-7	2010	The GLP-1 mimetics exenatide and liraglutide as well as the DPP 4 inhibitors (sitagliptin and vildagliptin) were approved for treatment of DM2.	Vildagliptin	94-106	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	139-142
20298625-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To describe the efficacy and safety of the glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues exenatide and liraglutide, and the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors vildagliptin and sitagliptin, registered in the Netherlands for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).	Vildagliptin	173-185	glucagon	Homo sapiens	79-84
20298625-6	2010	According to these studies, the DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin gave a mean HbA1c reduction of 0.7% and 0.6% respectively.	Vildagliptin	65-77	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
19238312-4	2010	ASP4000 was found to inhibit human recombinant DPP4 activity with a K(i) of 1.05 nM, a k(on) value of 22.3 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), and a k (off) of 2.35 x 10(-3) M(-1) s(-1), with higher affinity than that of vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	206-218	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-51
19238312-5	2010	The kinetic studies indicate that both the formation and dissociation of ASP4000/DPP4 complex were faster than those of vildagliptin, and that ASP4000 slow-bindingly inhibits DPP4 with a different mode of inhibition than vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	221-233	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
20000418-4	2010	Vildagliptin, a specific inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26, was able to completely block the hydrolysis of the prodrugs in the presence of purified CD26 but also in human and bovine serum.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-43
20000418-4	2010	Vildagliptin, a specific inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26, was able to completely block the hydrolysis of the prodrugs in the presence of purified CD26 but also in human and bovine serum.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-48
20000418-4	2010	Vildagliptin, a specific inhibitor of DPPIV/CD26, was able to completely block the hydrolysis of the prodrugs in the presence of purified CD26 but also in human and bovine serum.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	138-142
19874253-1	2009	Vildagliptin is the second member of the DPP-IV inhibitor class of drugs licensed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-47
19705345-0	2009	Efficacy and safety comparison between the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin and the sulfonylurea gliclazide after two years of monotherapy in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	59-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
19545590-9	2009	In addition to incretin mimetics incretin enhancers which inhibit/delay degradation of incretins were developed: so-called DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin are approved in Europe.	Vildagliptin	164-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	123-128
20082866-0	2009	Effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor (Vildagliptin) on peripheral nerves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.	Vildagliptin	54-66	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	10-33
20082866-0	2009	Effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor (Vildagliptin) on peripheral nerves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.	Vildagliptin	54-66	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
19904014-6	2009	The order of both potency and duration of action for plasma DPP-IV inhibition and glucose tolerance improvement was as follows: saxagliptin > ASP8497 = vildagliptin = sitagliptin.	Vildagliptin	155-167	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	60-66
19581505-3	2009	This study tested the hypothesis that DPP-IV inhibition affects risk of clinical angioedema, by comparing the incidence of angioedema in patients treated with the DPP-IV inhibitor vildagliptin versus those treated with comparator in Phase III randomized clinical trials.	Vildagliptin	180-192	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	38-44
19581505-3	2009	This study tested the hypothesis that DPP-IV inhibition affects risk of clinical angioedema, by comparing the incidence of angioedema in patients treated with the DPP-IV inhibitor vildagliptin versus those treated with comparator in Phase III randomized clinical trials.	Vildagliptin	180-192	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	163-169
19581505-9	2009	Among individuals taking an ACE inhibitor, however, vildagliptin use was associated with an increased risk of angioedema (14 confirmed cases among 2754 vildagliptin users versus 1 case among 1819 comparator users: odds ratio 4.57 [95% confidence interval 1.57 to 13.28]) in the meta-analysis.	Vildagliptin	52-64	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	28-31
19581505-10	2009	Vildagliptin use may be associated with increased risk of angioedema among patients taking ACE inhibitors, although absolute risk is small.	Vildagliptin	0-12	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	91-94
19780719-3	2009	DPP-4 inhibitors (alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin and vildagliptin) correct the GLP-1 deficiency by blocking this degradation, prolonging the incretin effect and enhancing glucose homoeostasis.	Vildagliptin	59-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
19385979-1	2009	Vildagliptin is an oral incretin enhancer that acts to increase active levels of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme responsible for the rapid deactivation of GLP-1 in vivo.	Vildagliptin	0-12	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	127-132
19476473-5	2009	At end-point, vildagliptin was as effective as metformin, improving HbA1c by -0.64+/-0.07% and -0.75+/-0.07%, respectively, meeting the predefined statistical criterion for non-inferiority (upper limit of 95% confidence interval for between-treatment difference<or=0.3%).	Vildagliptin	14-26	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	68-72
19748065-2	2009	The first available DPP-4 inhibitors are sitagliptin and vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
21437121-0	2009	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4: The mechanisms of action and clinical use of vildagliptin for the management of type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	83-95	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-36
21437121-7	2009	The pharmacology, efficacy and safety of vildagliptin, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, are also discussed.	Vildagliptin	41-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-68
19364302-2	2009	Vildagliptin, an orally active, potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor, may represent an appropriate antihyperglycemic agent for combination with metformin to improve glycemic control in such patients.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-76
19364302-2	2009	Vildagliptin, an orally active, potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor, may represent an appropriate antihyperglycemic agent for combination with metformin to improve glycemic control in such patients.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
19385979-1	2009	Vildagliptin is an oral incretin enhancer that acts to increase active levels of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme responsible for the rapid deactivation of GLP-1 in vivo.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	152-174
19385979-1	2009	Vildagliptin is an oral incretin enhancer that acts to increase active levels of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme responsible for the rapid deactivation of GLP-1 in vivo.	Vildagliptin	0-12	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	224-229
19385979-6	2009	There is also a potential synergistic effect of vildagliptin and metformin in increasing active GLP-1 levels, and this activity may contribute to the long-term improvements in beta-cell function observed in patients with T2DM who have vildagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy.	Vildagliptin	48-60	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	96-101
19385979-6	2009	There is also a potential synergistic effect of vildagliptin and metformin in increasing active GLP-1 levels, and this activity may contribute to the long-term improvements in beta-cell function observed in patients with T2DM who have vildagliptin added to ongoing metformin therapy.	Vildagliptin	235-247	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	96-101
19385980-1	2009	Vildagliptin is a potent and selective oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that improves glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by increasing both alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-66
19330494-6	2009	These can mainly be divided into two broad categories; GLP-1 agonists/analogs (exenatide, liraglutide), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4; the enzyme responsible for rapid inactivation of incretins) inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin).	Vildagliptin	224-236	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	108-130
19174497-3	2009	OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin on alpha-cell response to hyper- and hypoglycemia.	Vildagliptin	94-106	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-83
19330494-6	2009	These can mainly be divided into two broad categories; GLP-1 agonists/analogs (exenatide, liraglutide), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4; the enzyme responsible for rapid inactivation of incretins) inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin).	Vildagliptin	224-236	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-137
19275548-6	2009	The other group comprises the gliptins (e.g. sitagliptin and vildagliptin) which boost endogenous incretin activity by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP 4) that degrades both GLP-1 and GIP.	Vildagliptin	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-163
19088168-3	2009	OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that DPP-4 inhibition with vildagliptin elicits changes in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle metabolism.	Vildagliptin	63-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
19088168-6	2009	INTERVENTION: INTERVENTION included 7 d treatment with the selective DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin or placebo and a standardized test meal on d 7.	Vildagliptin	85-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
19074976-0	2009	Disposition of vildagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, in rats and dogs.	Vildagliptin	15-27	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	37-59
19074976-1	2009	The pharmacokinetics, absorption, metabolism, and excretion of vildagliptin, a potent and orally active inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4, were evaluated in male rats and dogs.	Vildagliptin	63-75	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	117-139
19418936-1	2009	Vildagliptin (Galvus) is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreted by L cells of the intestine.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-71
19418936-1	2009	Vildagliptin (Galvus) is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreted by L cells of the intestine.	Vildagliptin	0-12	glucagon	Homo sapiens	113-136
19418936-1	2009	Vildagliptin (Galvus) is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-4, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreted by L cells of the intestine.	Vildagliptin	0-12	glucagon	Homo sapiens	138-143
19288260-2	2009	By inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, vildagliptin raises the levels of the active incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide.	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-40
19288260-2	2009	By inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, vildagliptin raises the levels of the active incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide.	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
19288260-2	2009	By inhibiting the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme, vildagliptin raises the levels of the active incretin hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide.	Vildagliptin	57-69	glucagon	Homo sapiens	121-144
19275548-6	2009	The other group comprises the gliptins (e.g. sitagliptin and vildagliptin) which boost endogenous incretin activity by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP 4) that degrades both GLP-1 and GIP.	Vildagliptin	61-73	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	165-170
19275548-6	2009	The other group comprises the gliptins (e.g. sitagliptin and vildagliptin) which boost endogenous incretin activity by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP 4) that degrades both GLP-1 and GIP.	Vildagliptin	61-73	glucagon	Homo sapiens	191-196
19275548-6	2009	The other group comprises the gliptins (e.g. sitagliptin and vildagliptin) which boost endogenous incretin activity by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP 4) that degrades both GLP-1 and GIP.	Vildagliptin	61-73	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	201-204
19149538-3	2009	Various classes of structurally different DPP IV inhibitors are currently being explored and few of them such as Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin were successfully launched.	Vildagliptin	129-141	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-48
18931099-0	2009	Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition by vildagliptin and the effect on insulin secretion and action in response to meal ingestion in type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	37-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-22
18931099-10	2009	Vildagliptin lowered postprandial glucagon concentrations (27.0 +/- 1.1 vs. 29.7 +/- 1.5 microg x l(-1) x 6 h(-1), P = 0.03), especially after administration of exogenous insulin (81.5 +/- 6.4 vs. 99.3 +/- 5.6 ng/l, P = 0.02).	Vildagliptin	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	171-178
18931099-11	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin lowers postprandial glucose concentrations by stimulating insulin secretion and suppressing glucagon secretion but not by altered insulin action or glucose effectiveness.	Vildagliptin	13-25	insulin	Homo sapiens	84-91
18931099-12	2009	A novel observation is that vildagliptin alters alpha-cell responsiveness to insulin administration, but the significance of this action is as yet unclear.	Vildagliptin	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
19118913-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of vildagliptin (10, 25 or 50mg bid) in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	54-66	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	83-86
19118913-4	2009	RESULTS: Baseline HbA1c averaged 7.4%, and the between-treatment difference (vildagliptin-placebo) in the HbA1c adjusted mean change was -0.8%, -1.0% and -1.2% with vildagliptin 10, 25 and 50mg bid, respectively (p<0.001).	Vildagliptin	77-89	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	194-197
19118913-8	2009	Seven hypoglycemic events were observed (four events (n=3), two events (n=2), and one event (n=1) in the vildagliptin 10 and 50mg bid, and placebo, respectively) and none of them were severe or dose related.	Vildagliptin	105-117	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	130-133
19118913-9	2009	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin 50mg bid was considered to be the most effective and well-tolerated dose, and therefore can be considered the recommended clinical dose for Japanese patients with T2DM.	Vildagliptin	12-24	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	30-33
18971371-8	2009	The effects on HbA1c and GLP-1 were superior to the short-acting DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin, demonstrating the potential of BI 1356 as a once daily treatment for type 2 diabetes at low therapeutic doses.	Vildagliptin	81-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	65-70
18840785-0	2009	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 by vildagliptin during glucagon-like Peptide 1 infusion increases liver glucose uptake in the conscious dog.	Vildagliptin	40-52	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Canis lupus familiaris	14-36
18840785-0	2009	Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 by vildagliptin during glucagon-like Peptide 1 infusion increases liver glucose uptake in the conscious dog.	Vildagliptin	40-52	glucagon	Canis lupus familiaris	60-83
18840785-10	2009	RESULTS: Vildagliptin fully inhibited DPP-4 over the 4-h experimental period.	Vildagliptin	9-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Canis lupus familiaris	38-43
18840785-11	2009	GLP-1 concentrations were increased in the vildagliptin-treated group (50 +/- 3 vs. 85 +/- 7 pmol/l in the portal vein in control and vildagliptin-treated dogs, respectively; P < 0.05) as a result of a 40% decrease in GLP-1 clearance (38 +/- 5 and 22 +/- 2 ml .	Vildagliptin	43-55	glucagon	Canis lupus familiaris	0-5
18840785-11	2009	GLP-1 concentrations were increased in the vildagliptin-treated group (50 +/- 3 vs. 85 +/- 7 pmol/l in the portal vein in control and vildagliptin-treated dogs, respectively; P < 0.05) as a result of a 40% decrease in GLP-1 clearance (38 +/- 5 and 22 +/- 2 ml .	Vildagliptin	43-55	glucagon	Canis lupus familiaris	221-226
18840785-11	2009	GLP-1 concentrations were increased in the vildagliptin-treated group (50 +/- 3 vs. 85 +/- 7 pmol/l in the portal vein in control and vildagliptin-treated dogs, respectively; P < 0.05) as a result of a 40% decrease in GLP-1 clearance (38 +/- 5 and 22 +/- 2 ml .	Vildagliptin	134-146	glucagon	Canis lupus familiaris	0-5
18840785-17	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin fully inhibited DPP-4 activity, reduced GLP-1 clearance by 40%, and increased hepatic glucose disposal by means beyond the effects of GLP-1 on insulin and glucagon secretion.	Vildagliptin	13-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Canis lupus familiaris	42-47
18840785-17	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin fully inhibited DPP-4 activity, reduced GLP-1 clearance by 40%, and increased hepatic glucose disposal by means beyond the effects of GLP-1 on insulin and glucagon secretion.	Vildagliptin	13-25	glucagon	Canis lupus familiaris	66-71
18755155-1	2008	With vildagliptin and sitagliptin on the market for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4, EC 3.4.14.5) research has entered a new era.	Vildagliptin	5-17	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	110-114
18957505-0	2009	Treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves fasting islet-cell function in subjects with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	52-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	19-41
18832295-1	2009	Vildagliptin is an orally effective, potent, and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-95
18832295-1	2009	Vildagliptin is an orally effective, potent, and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
18832295-7	2009	Administration of vildagliptin 25 to 200 mg led to rapid and near-complete (>95%) inhibition of DPP-4 activity for at least 4 hours after dosing, which was associated with increases in plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 of up to 2- to 3-fold compared with placebo.	Vildagliptin	18-30	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-104
18832295-12	2009	Vildagliptin demonstrates potent inhibition of DPP-4 activity with excellent tolerability at doses of up to and including 200 mg qd.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
19179813-6	2009	In addition to reducing HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose, the recently developed diabetes therapies GLP-1 receptor agonists (eg, exenatide, liraglutide) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (eg, sitagliptin, vildagliptin) appear to have beneficial effects on beta-cell dysfunction and, possibly, on alpha-cell dysregulation.	Vildagliptin	217-229	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	181-186
18755155-3	2008	During the pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of vildagliptin and sitagliptin, there has been a growing awareness of the presence of other DPP4-like peptidases in various cells and tissues.	Vildagliptin	51-63	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	141-145
18628530-4	2008	Liraglutide (GLP-1 mimetic) and vildagliptin (DPP 4 inhibitor) are expected to arrive on the market soon.	Vildagliptin	32-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
19022515-2	2008	The efficacy and safety of the incretin mimetic exenatide and of the DPP-4 inhibitors, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, have been clearly demonstrated by a very large number of clinical trials.	Vildagliptin	103-115	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
18929237-8	2008	The authors conducted a literature search of various databases to identify the clinical trials involving the DPP inhibitors and concluded that the DPP-4 inhibitors, for example, sitagliptin and vildagliptin, are efficacious for managing diabetes as monotherapy or combination therapy.	Vildagliptin	194-206	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-152
18284434-2	2008	METHODS: This 24-week, multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessed the effects of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin (50 mg given once or twice daily) vs. placebo added to glimepiride (4 mg once daily) in 515 patients with T2DM.	Vildagliptin	148-160	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	115-137
18422675-2	2008	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The relative selectivity of the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, was determined by comparing its K(I) (concentration of compound yielding 50% inhibition of the enzyme) values for inhibition of recombinant human DPP-4, DPP-8 and DPP-9 assessed in vitro.	Vildagliptin	78-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
18422675-2	2008	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The relative selectivity of the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, was determined by comparing its K(I) (concentration of compound yielding 50% inhibition of the enzyme) values for inhibition of recombinant human DPP-4, DPP-8 and DPP-9 assessed in vitro.	Vildagliptin	78-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	238-243
18422675-2	2008	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The relative selectivity of the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, was determined by comparing its K(I) (concentration of compound yielding 50% inhibition of the enzyme) values for inhibition of recombinant human DPP-4, DPP-8 and DPP-9 assessed in vitro.	Vildagliptin	78-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 8	Homo sapiens	245-250
18422675-2	2008	RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The relative selectivity of the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, was determined by comparing its K(I) (concentration of compound yielding 50% inhibition of the enzyme) values for inhibition of recombinant human DPP-4, DPP-8 and DPP-9 assessed in vitro.	Vildagliptin	78-90	dipeptidyl peptidase 9	Homo sapiens	255-260
18422675-3	2008	In experiments performed in vivo, vildagliptin was administered by gavage for 13 weeks, at doses up to 1500 mg/kg/day in CD-1 mice and at doses up to 900 mg/kg/day in Wistar rats.	Vildagliptin	34-46	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	121-125
18422675-5	2008	RESULTS: The K(I) values for vildagliptin-induced inhibition of DPP-4, DPP-8 and DPP-9 were 3, 810 and 95 nM respectively.	Vildagliptin	29-41	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
18422675-5	2008	RESULTS: The K(I) values for vildagliptin-induced inhibition of DPP-4, DPP-8 and DPP-9 were 3, 810 and 95 nM respectively.	Vildagliptin	29-41	dipeptidylpeptidase 8	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
18422675-5	2008	RESULTS: The K(I) values for vildagliptin-induced inhibition of DPP-4, DPP-8 and DPP-9 were 3, 810 and 95 nM respectively.	Vildagliptin	29-41	dipeptidyl peptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	81-86
18331607-3	2008	METHODS: In a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design, 14 subjects with type 2 diabetes received vildagliptin (50 mg bid) or placebo for 10 days in random order separated by a 2-week washout.	Vildagliptin	107-119	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	127-130
18331607-11	2008	Vildagliptin was associated with decreased peptide YY (PYY) concentrations 60 min after initiation of the meal (166 +/- 27 vs. 229 +/- 34 pmol/l, P = 0.01).	Vildagliptin	0-12	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	43-53
18331607-11	2008	Vildagliptin was associated with decreased peptide YY (PYY) concentrations 60 min after initiation of the meal (166 +/- 27 vs. 229 +/- 34 pmol/l, P = 0.01).	Vildagliptin	0-12	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	55-58
18093207-5	2008	RESULTS: In the overall population, vildagliptin significantly increased HOMA-B both relative to baseline [adjusted mean change (AMDelta) = 10.3 +/- 1.5] and vs. placebo (between-treatment difference in AMDelta = 11.5 +/- 4.5, p = 0.01) and significantly decreased the proinsulin : insulin ratio relative to baseline (AMDelta = -0.05 +/- 0.01) and vs. placebo (between-treatment difference in AMDelta = -0.09 +/- 0.02, p < 0.001).	Vildagliptin	36-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	272-279
19017837-3	2008	In the last 5 years new glucose lowering drugs acting on novel pathways have been developed, licensed and launched, such as the glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) agonists (exenatide) and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV) inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	248-260	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	151-156
19017837-3	2008	In the last 5 years new glucose lowering drugs acting on novel pathways have been developed, licensed and launched, such as the glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) agonists (exenatide) and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP-IV) inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	248-260	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	205-211
18603639-2	2008	Three drugs in two new classes that act on the hormonal regulation of insulin secretion have been launched recently for use as add-in therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes: exenatide (Byetta--Eli Lilly), sitagliptin (Januvia--MSD), and vildagliptin (Galvus--Novartis).	Vildagliptin	241-253	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
18769687-7	2008	The second class, the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin) rely on production of endogenous GLP-1 and act by reducing its turnover.	Vildagliptin	81-93	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-44
18769687-7	2008	The second class, the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin) rely on production of endogenous GLP-1 and act by reducing its turnover.	Vildagliptin	81-93	glucagon	Homo sapiens	128-133
18542012-5	2008	The orally available dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, that is sitagliptin and vildagliptin reduce haemoglobin A1c by 0.5-1.0%, are weight neutral and without gastrointestinal side-effects.	Vildagliptin	80-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-43
18577160-4	2008	A number of new therapeutic agents are undergoing clinical development, including glucagon-like peptide 1 mimetics (exenatide and liraglutide) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (sitagliptin and vildagliptin), which target the incretin system, and the cannabinoid-1 receptor antagonists (rimonabant), which target the endocannabinoid system, may hold some promise for meeting these unmet needs.	Vildagliptin	198-210	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	147-169
18793589-0	2008	Evaluation of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between the dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin, glyburide and pioglitazone in patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	108-120	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-97
18793589-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) that improves glycemic control and pancreatic b-cell function in patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-76
18793589-1	2008	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) that improves glycemic control and pancreatic b-cell function in patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
18793589-12	2008	Vildagliptin/glyburide coadministration significantly reduced the area under the plasma glucose-time curve compared with glyburide alone (AUE0-5h reduced by 12% (p = 0.005) and AUE0-15h by 13% (p = 0.003)), and increased the area under the plasma insulin-time curve (AUE0-15h increased by 12% (p = 0.041)).	Vildagliptin	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	247-254
18795210-11	2008	DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin result in clinically significant reductions in HbA1c, and are weight neutral with few GI side effects.	Vildagliptin	41-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
20694081-2	2008	Vildagliptin is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), a new class of oral antidiabetic agents.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
18471347-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin is an orally active, potent and selective DPP-4 inhibitor that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes by increasing alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	11-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
20694081-2	2008	Vildagliptin is an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4), a new class of oral antidiabetic agents.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-61
18401832-0	2008	Sustained efficacy and reduced hypoglycemia during one year of treatment with vildagliptin added to insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	78-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
18425967-2	2008	One new approach yielding promising results is the use of the orally active dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors like sitagliptin and vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	139-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-98
18425967-2	2008	One new approach yielding promising results is the use of the orally active dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors like sitagliptin and vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	139-151	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
18425967-18	2008	All published randomised controlled trials of at least 12 weeks treatment with sitagliptin and vildagliptin only reported routine laboratory safety measurements AUTHORS" CONCLUSIONS: DPP-4 inhibitors have some theoretical advantages over existing therapies with oral antidiabetic compounds but should currently be restricted to individual patients.	Vildagliptin	95-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	183-188
18941490-3	2008	The synthesized pyrrolidine derivative was utilized to prepare DPP-IV inhibitor Vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	80-92	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-69
18341596-1	2008	AIMS: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, with the alpha glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, in drug-naive patients with Type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	88-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-76
18269436-1	2008	Vildagliptin is a potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the enzyme responsible for rapid inactivation of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP).	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-86
18269436-1	2008	Vildagliptin is a potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the enzyme responsible for rapid inactivation of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP).	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-93
18269436-1	2008	Vildagliptin is a potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the enzyme responsible for rapid inactivation of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP).	Vildagliptin	0-12	glucagon	Homo sapiens	167-190
18269436-1	2008	Vildagliptin is a potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the enzyme responsible for rapid inactivation of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP).	Vildagliptin	0-12	glucagon	Homo sapiens	192-197
18640590-2	2008	Orally administered DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, reduce HbA(1c) (absolute values) by 0.5-1.1% (5 to 12%, relative values), with few adverse events and no weight gain.	Vildagliptin	62-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
18640591-2	2008	This review tries to delineate how to insert the GLP-1 based agents, DPP4-inhibitors (sitagliptin and vildagliptin) and GLP-1 analogues (exenatide and liraglutide), in the guidelines and the daily practice for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	102-114	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	49-54
18640591-2	2008	This review tries to delineate how to insert the GLP-1 based agents, DPP4-inhibitors (sitagliptin and vildagliptin) and GLP-1 analogues (exenatide and liraglutide), in the guidelines and the daily practice for the management of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	102-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-73
18042650-0	2008	Measurements of islet function and glucose metabolism with the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	96-108	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	63-85
18042650-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: Pharmacological inhibition with the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin prolongs the action of endogenously secreted incretin hormones leading to improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	88-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-69
18042650-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: Pharmacological inhibition with the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin prolongs the action of endogenously secreted incretin hormones leading to improved glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	88-100	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-76
18042650-7	2008	Examined by glucose clamp, insulin sensitivity and glucose clearance improved after vildagliptin (P < 0.01).	Vildagliptin	84-96	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
17961192-2	2008	Vildagliptin is a new, potent, and selective inhibitor of DPP-4.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
18269436-1	2008	Vildagliptin is a potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the enzyme responsible for rapid inactivation of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP).	Vildagliptin	0-12	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	235-238
18269436-4	2008	Mechanistic studies of vildagliptin performed to characterise the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on pancreatic islet function and glucose metabolism have found that vildagliptin produces dose-dependent reductions in DPP-4; these result in persistent levels of active GLP-1 and GIP in the circulation leading to improved beta-cell sensitivity to glucose and glucose-dependent insulin secretion, and improved alpha-cell sensitivity to glucose and reduction in inappropriate glucagon secretion.	Vildagliptin	162-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
18269436-4	2008	Mechanistic studies of vildagliptin performed to characterise the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on pancreatic islet function and glucose metabolism have found that vildagliptin produces dose-dependent reductions in DPP-4; these result in persistent levels of active GLP-1 and GIP in the circulation leading to improved beta-cell sensitivity to glucose and glucose-dependent insulin secretion, and improved alpha-cell sensitivity to glucose and reduction in inappropriate glucagon secretion.	Vildagliptin	162-174	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	213-218
18269436-4	2008	Mechanistic studies of vildagliptin performed to characterise the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on pancreatic islet function and glucose metabolism have found that vildagliptin produces dose-dependent reductions in DPP-4; these result in persistent levels of active GLP-1 and GIP in the circulation leading to improved beta-cell sensitivity to glucose and glucose-dependent insulin secretion, and improved alpha-cell sensitivity to glucose and reduction in inappropriate glucagon secretion.	Vildagliptin	162-174	glucagon	Homo sapiens	264-269
18269436-4	2008	Mechanistic studies of vildagliptin performed to characterise the effects of DPP-4 inhibition on pancreatic islet function and glucose metabolism have found that vildagliptin produces dose-dependent reductions in DPP-4; these result in persistent levels of active GLP-1 and GIP in the circulation leading to improved beta-cell sensitivity to glucose and glucose-dependent insulin secretion, and improved alpha-cell sensitivity to glucose and reduction in inappropriate glucagon secretion.	Vildagliptin	162-174	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	274-277
18269437-7	2008	In a trial in patients receiving metformin, the addition of vildagliptin 50 mg twice daily resulted in a 1.1% reduction in HbA1c at 24 weeks.	Vildagliptin	60-72	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	123-127
18269437-8	2008	Compared with add-on pioglitazone 30 mg daily in patients inadequately controlled with ongoing metformin therapy, vildagliptin 50 mg twice daily reduced HbA1c by 0.9% vs. 1.0% and was not associated with weight gain (+0.3 kg vs. +1.9 kg) over 24 weeks.	Vildagliptin	114-126	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	153-157
18840004-12	2008	The DPP-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin are generally weight neutral, with less marked gastrointestinal adverse effects than the GLP-1 receptor agonists.	Vildagliptin	37-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
17909087-0	2008	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired fasting glucose.	Vildagliptin	37-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
17909087-0	2008	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in subjects with impaired fasting glucose.	Vildagliptin	37-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
17909087-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor vildagliptin on insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG).	Vildagliptin	95-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-84
17909087-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of treatment with the dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor vildagliptin on insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function in subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG).	Vildagliptin	95-107	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
17909087-10	2008	CONCLUSIONS: The DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, leading to improved postprandial glycemia in subjects with IFG, who are known to have beta-cell dysfunction.	Vildagliptin	33-45	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	17-22
17909087-10	2008	CONCLUSIONS: The DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, leading to improved postprandial glycemia in subjects with IFG, who are known to have beta-cell dysfunction.	Vildagliptin	33-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	55-62
18947259-12	2008	Clinical evidence suggests that the DPP-4 inhibitors vildagliptin and sitagliptin are particularly suitable for frail and debilitated elderly patients because of their excellent tolerability profiles.	Vildagliptin	53-65	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-41
18973400-1	2008	Vildagliptin (Galvus) is an antihyperglycaemic agent that selectively inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-105
18973400-1	2008	Vildagliptin (Galvus) is an antihyperglycaemic agent that selectively inhibits the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	107-112
18561513-2	2008	Most clinical experience with DPP-4 inhibition is based on vildagliptin (GalvusR, Novartis) and sitagliptin (JanuviaR, Merck).	Vildagliptin	59-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
19337535-1	2008	Sitagliptin and vildagliptin represent a new class of anti-diabetic agents that enhance the action of incretin hormones through inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the enzyme that normally inactivates incretin hormones.	Vildagliptin	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	142-164
19337535-1	2008	Sitagliptin and vildagliptin represent a new class of anti-diabetic agents that enhance the action of incretin hormones through inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), the enzyme that normally inactivates incretin hormones.	Vildagliptin	16-28	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	166-171
19337535-5	2008	When started concomitantly in drug-naive patients, the combination of pioglitazone 30 mg and vildagliptin 100 mg qd reduces HbA1c by 1.9% after 24 weeks, compared with 1.1% with pioglitazone monotherapy.	Vildagliptin	93-105	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	124-128
17947341-7	2008	RESULTS: Relative to placebo, vildagliptin increased GLP-1 (DeltaAUC, +6.0 +/- 1.2 pmol x l(-1) x h(-1), P < 0.001) and GIP (DeltaAUC, +46.8 +/- 5.4 pmol .	Vildagliptin	30-42	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	53-58
17947341-7	2008	RESULTS: Relative to placebo, vildagliptin increased GLP-1 (DeltaAUC, +6.0 +/- 1.2 pmol x l(-1) x h(-1), P < 0.001) and GIP (DeltaAUC, +46.8 +/- 5.4 pmol .	Vildagliptin	30-42	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	123-126
18095923-1	2008	Vildagliptin is a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4, and prevents the rapid degradation of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide.	Vildagliptin	0-12	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	153-197
18827867-1	2008	Vildagliptin is a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4), orally active, that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) primarily by enhancing pancreatic (alpha and beta) islet function.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-75
18827867-1	2008	Vildagliptin is a potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4), orally active, that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) primarily by enhancing pancreatic (alpha and beta) islet function.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	77-82
18827867-3	2008	Vildagliptin reduces HbA(1c) when given as monotherapy, without weight gain and with minimal hypoglycemia, or in combination with the most commonly prescribed classes of oral hypoglycemic drugs: metformin, a sulfonylurea, a thiazolidinedione, or insulin.	Vildagliptin	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	246-253
17931461-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is an orally active, potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), the enzyme responsible for the degradation of incretin hormones.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-103
17931461-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is an orally active, potent and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4), the enzyme responsible for the degradation of incretin hormones.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-110
17717280-0	2007	Incretin receptors for glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide are essential for the sustained metabolic actions of vildagliptin in mice.	Vildagliptin	149-161	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	51-95
17717280-7	2007	Vildagliptin treatment reduced the hepatic expression of genes important for cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid oxidation, including phospho-mevalonate kinase (Mvk), acyl-coenzyme dehydrogenase medium chain (Acadm), mevalonate (diphospho)decarboxylase (Mvd), and Acyl-CoA synthetase (Acsl1), in WT but not in DIRKO mice.	Vildagliptin	0-12	phosphomevalonate kinase	Mus musculus	135-160
17717280-7	2007	Vildagliptin treatment reduced the hepatic expression of genes important for cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid oxidation, including phospho-mevalonate kinase (Mvk), acyl-coenzyme dehydrogenase medium chain (Acadm), mevalonate (diphospho)decarboxylase (Mvd), and Acyl-CoA synthetase (Acsl1), in WT but not in DIRKO mice.	Vildagliptin	0-12	phosphomevalonate kinase	Mus musculus	162-165
17717280-7	2007	Vildagliptin treatment reduced the hepatic expression of genes important for cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid oxidation, including phospho-mevalonate kinase (Mvk), acyl-coenzyme dehydrogenase medium chain (Acadm), mevalonate (diphospho)decarboxylase (Mvd), and Acyl-CoA synthetase (Acsl1), in WT but not in DIRKO mice.	Vildagliptin	0-12	acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, medium chain	Mus musculus	168-208
17717280-7	2007	Vildagliptin treatment reduced the hepatic expression of genes important for cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid oxidation, including phospho-mevalonate kinase (Mvk), acyl-coenzyme dehydrogenase medium chain (Acadm), mevalonate (diphospho)decarboxylase (Mvd), and Acyl-CoA synthetase (Acsl1), in WT but not in DIRKO mice.	Vildagliptin	0-12	acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, medium chain	Mus musculus	210-215
17717280-7	2007	Vildagliptin treatment reduced the hepatic expression of genes important for cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid oxidation, including phospho-mevalonate kinase (Mvk), acyl-coenzyme dehydrogenase medium chain (Acadm), mevalonate (diphospho)decarboxylase (Mvd), and Acyl-CoA synthetase (Acsl1), in WT but not in DIRKO mice.	Vildagliptin	0-12	mevalonate (diphospho) decarboxylase	Mus musculus	218-253
17717280-7	2007	Vildagliptin treatment reduced the hepatic expression of genes important for cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid oxidation, including phospho-mevalonate kinase (Mvk), acyl-coenzyme dehydrogenase medium chain (Acadm), mevalonate (diphospho)decarboxylase (Mvd), and Acyl-CoA synthetase (Acsl1), in WT but not in DIRKO mice.	Vildagliptin	0-12	mevalonate (diphospho) decarboxylase	Mus musculus	255-258
17717280-7	2007	Vildagliptin treatment reduced the hepatic expression of genes important for cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid oxidation, including phospho-mevalonate kinase (Mvk), acyl-coenzyme dehydrogenase medium chain (Acadm), mevalonate (diphospho)decarboxylase (Mvd), and Acyl-CoA synthetase (Acsl1), in WT but not in DIRKO mice.	Vildagliptin	0-12	acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1	Mus musculus	286-291
17717280-8	2007	However, vildagliptin also reduced levels of hepatic mRNA transcripts for farnesyl di-phosphate transferase (Fdft1), acetyl coenzyme A acyltransferase 1 (Acaa1), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (Cpt 1) in DIRKO mice.	Vildagliptin	9-21	farnesyl diphosphate farnesyl transferase 1	Mus musculus	109-114
17717280-8	2007	However, vildagliptin also reduced levels of hepatic mRNA transcripts for farnesyl di-phosphate transferase (Fdft1), acetyl coenzyme A acyltransferase 1 (Acaa1), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (Cpt 1) in DIRKO mice.	Vildagliptin	9-21	acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1A	Mus musculus	117-152
17717280-8	2007	However, vildagliptin also reduced levels of hepatic mRNA transcripts for farnesyl di-phosphate transferase (Fdft1), acetyl coenzyme A acyltransferase 1 (Acaa1), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (Cpt 1) in DIRKO mice.	Vildagliptin	9-21	acetyl-Coenzyme A acyltransferase 1A	Mus musculus	154-159
17717280-8	2007	However, vildagliptin also reduced levels of hepatic mRNA transcripts for farnesyl di-phosphate transferase (Fdft1), acetyl coenzyme A acyltransferase 1 (Acaa1), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (Cpt 1) in DIRKO mice.	Vildagliptin	9-21	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, muscle	Mus musculus	166-199
17717280-8	2007	However, vildagliptin also reduced levels of hepatic mRNA transcripts for farnesyl di-phosphate transferase (Fdft1), acetyl coenzyme A acyltransferase 1 (Acaa1), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1 (Cpt 1) in DIRKO mice.	Vildagliptin	9-21	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b, muscle	Mus musculus	201-206
18632049-2	2007	Another DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin is due to be launched soon, and there are several others in the pipeline.	Vildagliptin	23-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	8-12
17992639-0	2007	Improved meal-related insulin processing contributes to the enhancement of B-cell function by the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	114-126	insulin	Homo sapiens	22-29
17992639-4	2007	The between-treatment difference (vildagliptin-placebo) in mean change from baseline in fasting proinsulin to C-peptide ratio (fastP/C) was -0.007+/-0.009 (p=0.052).	Vildagliptin	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	96-106
17992639-0	2007	Improved meal-related insulin processing contributes to the enhancement of B-cell function by the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	114-126	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-103
17992639-4	2007	The between-treatment difference (vildagliptin-placebo) in mean change from baseline in fasting proinsulin to C-peptide ratio (fastP/C) was -0.007+/-0.009 (p=0.052).	Vildagliptin	34-46	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-119
17992639-5	2007	Following the standard breakfast, 52 weeks of treatment with vildagliptin significantly decreased the dynamic proinsulin to C-peptide ratio (dynP/C) relative to placebo by 0.010+/-0.008 (p=0.037).	Vildagliptin	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	110-120
17992639-1	2007	The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of insulin processing to the improved meal-related B-cell function previously shown with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	164-176	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
17992639-5	2007	Following the standard breakfast, 52 weeks of treatment with vildagliptin significantly decreased the dynamic proinsulin to C-peptide ratio (dynP/C) relative to placebo by 0.010+/-0.008 (p=0.037).	Vildagliptin	61-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	124-133
17992639-7	2007	In conclusion, a more efficient B-cell insulin processing provides further evidence that vildagliptin treatment ameliorates abnormal B-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	89-101	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
17992639-1	2007	The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of insulin processing to the improved meal-related B-cell function previously shown with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	164-176	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	148-153
17698900-8	2007	The integrated incremental responses of total GLP-1 were reduced by vildagliptin by 72% (with glibenclamide) and 48% (without glibenclamide) (effect of vildagliptin: P < 0.0001; glibenclamide: P = 0.31; interaction: P = 0.26).	Vildagliptin	68-80	glucagon	Homo sapiens	46-51
17698900-0	2007	The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor vildagliptin does not accentuate glibenclamide-induced hypoglycemia but reduces glucose-induced glucagon-like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion.	Vildagliptin	37-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
17698900-0	2007	The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor vildagliptin does not accentuate glibenclamide-induced hypoglycemia but reduces glucose-induced glucagon-like peptide 1 and gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion.	Vildagliptin	37-49	glucagon	Homo sapiens	133-156
17698900-1	2007	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 by vildagliptin enhances the concentrations of the active form of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP).	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-53
17698900-1	2007	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 by vildagliptin enhances the concentrations of the active form of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP).	Vildagliptin	57-69	glucagon	Homo sapiens	142-165
17698900-1	2007	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 by vildagliptin enhances the concentrations of the active form of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP).	Vildagliptin	57-69	glucagon	Homo sapiens	167-172
17698900-1	2007	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 by vildagliptin enhances the concentrations of the active form of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP).	Vildagliptin	57-69	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	210-213
17698900-9	2007	Similarly, integrated incremental responses of total GIP were reduced by vildagliptin by 26 and 21%, with and without glibenclamide, respectively (vildagliptin: P = 0.017; glibenclamide: P = 0.44; interaction: P = 0.69).	Vildagliptin	73-85	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	53-56
17698900-9	2007	Similarly, integrated incremental responses of total GIP were reduced by vildagliptin by 26 and 21%, with and without glibenclamide, respectively (vildagliptin: P = 0.017; glibenclamide: P = 0.44; interaction: P = 0.69).	Vildagliptin	147-159	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	53-56
17877545-0	2007	The DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin: robust glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes and beyond.	Vildagliptin	20-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-9
30736119-0	2007	DPP-4 inhibitors as a new target of action for Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a focus on vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	84-96	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
30736119-6	2007	The focus of the review is on one of the DPP-4 inhibitors, vildagliptin, since there is much recently published data on this drug.	Vildagliptin	59-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	41-46
17877545-1	2007	Vildagliptin is a potent selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) that improves glycaemic control by increasing islet alpha-cell and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	48-70
17877545-1	2007	Vildagliptin is a potent selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) that improves glycaemic control by increasing islet alpha-cell and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
17877545-2	2007	In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), vildagliptin improves beta-cell function, measured as insulin secretory rate relative to glucose level, and reduces glucagon secretion and endogenous glucose production in the postprandial period, resulting in reduced glucose levels.	Vildagliptin	50-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
17877545-5	2007	As add-on combination therapy, vildagliptin produces significant further reductions in HbA1c in patients receiving metformin, pioglitazone, glimepiride and insulin, and has been found to reduce frequency of hypoglycaemia as an add-on to insulin.	Vildagliptin	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	156-163
17877545-5	2007	As add-on combination therapy, vildagliptin produces significant further reductions in HbA1c in patients receiving metformin, pioglitazone, glimepiride and insulin, and has been found to reduce frequency of hypoglycaemia as an add-on to insulin.	Vildagliptin	31-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	237-244
17877545-7	2007	The overall profile of vildagliptin and the preliminary evidence of beneficial effects in the prediabetic state suggest that DPP-4 inhibition could be an effective strategy to prevent or delay progression from the prediabetic state to overt T2DM.	Vildagliptin	23-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	125-130
17656620-0	2007	Dose proportionality and the effect of food on vildagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, in healthy volunteers.	Vildagliptin	47-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-92
17660482-1	2007	Vildagliptin is a novel antidiabetic agent that is an orally active, potent, and selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, the enzyme responsible for degradation of the incretin hormones.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	104-127
17656620-1	2007	Vildagliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes that improves glycemic control by enhancing alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	39-62
17486328-0	2007	The influence of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	109-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	67-90
17486328-0	2007	The influence of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	109-121	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-97
17486328-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by increasing alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	11-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-73
17486328-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by increasing alpha- and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	11-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
17482289-4	2007	We therefore administered the orally active and highly selective DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin (3 micromol/mouse daily) to female mice with beta-cell overexpression of human IAPP.	Vildagliptin	82-94	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	65-70
17482289-4	2007	We therefore administered the orally active and highly selective DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin (3 micromol/mouse daily) to female mice with beta-cell overexpression of human IAPP.	Vildagliptin	82-94	islet amyloid polypeptide	Homo sapiens	174-178
17482289-7	2007	After eight weeks, a gastric tolerance test showed that vildagliptin improved glucose tolerance and markedly (approximately ten-fold) augmented the insulin response in association with augmented (approximately five-fold) levels of intact glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).	Vildagliptin	56-68	glucagon	Mus musculus	238-261
17482289-7	2007	After eight weeks, a gastric tolerance test showed that vildagliptin improved glucose tolerance and markedly (approximately ten-fold) augmented the insulin response in association with augmented (approximately five-fold) levels of intact glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).	Vildagliptin	56-68	glucagon	Mus musculus	263-268
17593275-5	2007	Newer agents based on enhancing incretin activity, including the glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics exenatide and liraglutide and the oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin, may offer particular advantages in elderly patients with diabetes.	Vildagliptin	187-199	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	137-159
17593276-3	2007	Vildagliptin is a potent and selective oral DPP-4 inhibitor that has been studied both as monotherapy and in combination with other antidiabetic treatments.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
17593276-7	2007	These results suggest that vildagliptin, as a member of the novel class of DPP-4 inhibitors, has the potential to significantly change the clinical management of diabetes.	Vildagliptin	27-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
17559747-8	2007	Initial clinical trial experience with the new oral DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin suggests that these agents are weight-neutral, while providing improved glycaemic control when added to metformin.	Vildagliptin	93-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
17559747-10	2007	Initial clinical trial experience with oral DPP-4 inhibitors such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin suggest that these agents may represent an important oral treatment option for weight-neutral, glycaemic control when added to metformin.	Vildagliptin	85-97	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	44-49
17848846-7	2007	The oral DPP-4 inhibitors vildagliptin, sitagliptin, and saxagliptin are efficacious both alone and in association with other oral anti-diabetic agents and may be administered in a single daily dose.	Vildagliptin	26-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-14
17519080-0	2007	Effect of the novel oral dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in healthy subjects.	Vildagliptin	59-71	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	25-48
17563048-2	2007	SUMMARY: Vildagliptin is an agent in a new class of medications called dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	9-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	71-94
17563048-2	2007	SUMMARY: Vildagliptin is an agent in a new class of medications called dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	9-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	96-100
17563048-3	2007	By inhibiting DPP4, vildagliptin causes an increase in glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an intestinal hormone that aids in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion.	Vildagliptin	20-32	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-18
17563048-3	2007	By inhibiting DPP4, vildagliptin causes an increase in glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an intestinal hormone that aids in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion.	Vildagliptin	20-32	glucagon	Homo sapiens	55-78
17563048-3	2007	By inhibiting DPP4, vildagliptin causes an increase in glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an intestinal hormone that aids in glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion.	Vildagliptin	20-32	glucagon	Homo sapiens	80-85
17563048-5	2007	Vildagliptin has a halflife of about 90 minutes; however, > or =50% of DPP4 inhibition continues for more than 10 hours, allowing for once- or twice-daily dosing.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	74-78
17387446-3	2007	Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, which improves glycaemic control by increasing pancreatic beta cell responsiveness to glucose and suppressing inappropriate glucagon secretion.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-41
17387446-12	2007	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Vildagliptin decreases HbA(1c) in patients whose type 2 diabetes is poorly controlled with high doses of insulin.	Vildagliptin	28-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
17387446-13	2007	Addition of vildagliptin to insulin therapy is also associated with reduced confirmed and severe hypoglycaemia.	Vildagliptin	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	28-35
17303799-10	2007	Alterations in islet function, secondary to increased circulating concentrations of active GLP-1, are associated with the decreased postprandial glycemic excursion observed in the presence of vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	192-204	glucagon	Homo sapiens	91-96
17519080-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes by increasing alpha and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	11-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	50-73
17519080-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin is a potent and selective dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-4) inhibitor that improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes by increasing alpha and beta-cell responsiveness to glucose.	Vildagliptin	11-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	75-80
17442688-7	2007	Unlike findings during mixed-meal challenges, vildagliptin increases plasma insulin levels during oral glucose tolerance tests in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	46-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	76-83
17223217-3	2007	Baseline A1C averaged 8.4% and the between-treatment difference (vildagliptin-placebo) in adjusted mean change (AMDelta) in A1C was -0.5+/-0.2% (P=0.011), -0.7+/-0.2% (P<0.001), and -0.9+/-0.2% (P<0.001) in patients receiving vildagliptin 50 mg qd, 50 mg bid, or 100 mg qd, respectively.	Vildagliptin	65-77	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	261-264
17353295-21	2007	In preclinical studies, oral active DPP-IV inhibitors (sitagliptin and vildagliptin) also promoted beta-cell proliferation, neogenesis, and inhibition of apoptosis in rodents.	Vildagliptin	71-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-42
17456545-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To highlight the role of incretin hormones in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a focus on vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor currently in development.	Vildagliptin	116-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	132-155
17456545-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To highlight the role of incretin hormones in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a focus on vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor currently in development.	Vildagliptin	116-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	157-163
17456545-8	2007	Studies evaluating the use of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes found significant decreases in DPP IV and increased GLP-1 activity 45 minutes after dosing.	Vildagliptin	30-42	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	107-113
17456545-8	2007	Studies evaluating the use of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes found significant decreases in DPP IV and increased GLP-1 activity 45 minutes after dosing.	Vildagliptin	30-42	glucagon	Homo sapiens	128-133
17456545-14	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin represents a safe and effective new approach to targeting GLP-1 deficiencies in patients with type 2 diabetes by inhibiting DPP IV.	Vildagliptin	13-25	glucagon	Homo sapiens	84-89
17456545-14	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin represents a safe and effective new approach to targeting GLP-1 deficiencies in patients with type 2 diabetes by inhibiting DPP IV.	Vildagliptin	13-25	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	150-156
17244786-0	2007	The dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor vildagliptin suppresses endogenous glucose production and enhances islet function after single-dose administration in type 2 diabetic patients.	Vildagliptin	38-50	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-27
17244786-1	2007	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Vildagliptin is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor that augments meal-stimulated levels of biologically active glucagon-like peptide-1.	Vildagliptin	17-29	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	45-68
17244786-1	2007	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Vildagliptin is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor that augments meal-stimulated levels of biologically active glucagon-like peptide-1.	Vildagliptin	17-29	glucagon	Homo sapiens	139-162
17300591-5	2007	DPP-IV inhibitors such as vildagliptin and sitagliptin have been shown to be highly effective antihyperglycaemic agents that augment insulin secretion and reduce glucagon secretion via glucose-dependent mechanisms.	Vildagliptin	26-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
17194587-1	2007	Based on the structures of NVP-DPP728 (1) and NVP-LAF237 (Vildagliptin, 2), three series of DPP-IV inhibitors were synthesized by linking substituted anilines, benzylamines, and phenylethylamines to (2S)-cyanopyrrolidine through a linker.	Vildagliptin	58-70	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	92-98
17300592-1	2007	AIM: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in combination with the thiazolidinedione (TZD) pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	115-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	82-104
17596103-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor currently under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-53
17373638-2	2007	HbA1c decreased modestly in patients receiving placebo (Delta=-0.3+/-0.1%) and to a significantly greater extent in patients receiving vildagliptin 50 mg qd (Delta=-0.8+/-0 .1%), 50 mg bid (Delta=-0.8+/-0.1%), or 100 mg qd (Delta=-0.9+/-0.1%, p<0.01 for all groups VS. placebo) from an average baseline of 8.4%.	Vildagliptin	135-147	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
17373638-2	2007	HbA1c decreased modestly in patients receiving placebo (Delta=-0.3+/-0.1%) and to a significantly greater extent in patients receiving vildagliptin 50 mg qd (Delta=-0.8+/-0 .1%), 50 mg bid (Delta=-0.8+/-0.1%), or 100 mg qd (Delta=-0.9+/-0.1%, p<0.01 for all groups VS. placebo) from an average baseline of 8.4%.	Vildagliptin	135-147	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	185-188
17379930-11	2007	Clinical studies with the oral DPPIV inhibitors sitagliptin and vildagliptin show promising results, but are only published as abstracts at scientific meetings.	Vildagliptin	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
17277036-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vildagliptin, a new dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, added to metformin during 24 weeks of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	60-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	80-102
17596103-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitor currently under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	55-60
17596103-7	2007	Vildagliptin inhibited DPP-4 (>90%) at all doses and demonstrated a dose-dependent effect on the duration of inhibition.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
17596103-11	2007	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin is likely to be a useful therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes based on the inhibition of DPP-4 and the subsequent increase in incretin hormones, GLP-1 and GIP, and the decrease in glucose and glucagon levels.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	119-124
17596103-11	2007	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin is likely to be a useful therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes based on the inhibition of DPP-4 and the subsequent increase in incretin hormones, GLP-1 and GIP, and the decrease in glucose and glucagon levels.	Vildagliptin	12-24	glucagon	Homo sapiens	175-180
17596103-11	2007	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin is likely to be a useful therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes based on the inhibition of DPP-4 and the subsequent increase in incretin hormones, GLP-1 and GIP, and the decrease in glucose and glucagon levels.	Vildagliptin	12-24	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	185-188
16682937-12	2006	DPP-4-inhibitors (e.g. Vildagliptin), Sitagliptin and Saxagliptin) that inhibit the enzyme DPP-4 responsible for incretin degradation are also under study.	Vildagliptin	23-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
17713976-0	2007	The absolute oral bioavailability and population-based pharmacokinetic modelling of a novel dipeptidylpeptidase-IV inhibitor, vildagliptin, in healthy volunteers.	Vildagliptin	126-138	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	92-114
17713976-1	2007	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vildagliptin is a potent, selective, orally active inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase-IV being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	26-38	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-112
17098089-5	2006	Orally administered DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, reduce HbA1c by 0.5-1.0%, with few adverse events and no weight gain.	Vildagliptin	62-74	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	20-25
17098089-5	2006	Orally administered DPP-4 inhibitors, such as sitagliptin and vildagliptin, reduce HbA1c by 0.5-1.0%, with few adverse events and no weight gain.	Vildagliptin	62-74	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
16816950-1	2006	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We assessed the effects of vildagliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, on postprandial lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	44-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-89
16919548-11	2006	The development of glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists such as exendin and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors such as vildagliptin offers a new approach to suppression of PPG elevation.	Vildagliptin	115-127	glucagon	Homo sapiens	19-42
16823726-0	2006	Twelve-week monotherapy with the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin improves glycemic control in subjects with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	49-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
16823726-2	2006	This twelve-week randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of the specific and potent oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin (25 mg, bid, n=70) VS. placebo (bid, n=28) in previously diet-treated subjects with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	174-186	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-162
16816950-7	2006	Consistent with previous studies, 4 weeks of treatment with vildagliptin also increased intact GLP-1, suppressed inappropriate glucagon secretion, decreased fasting and postprandial glucose, and decreased HbA(1c) from a baseline of 6.7% (change, -0.4+/-0.1%, p<0.001), all relative to placebo.	Vildagliptin	60-72	glucagon	Homo sapiens	95-100
16816950-8	2006	CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Treatment with vildagliptin for 4 weeks improves postprandial plasma triglyceride and apolipoprotein B-48-containing triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particle metabolism after a fat-rich meal.	Vildagliptin	43-55	apolipoprotein B	Homo sapiens	114-133
16969429-0	2006	Vildagliptin: a novel DPP-4 inhibitor with pancreatic islet enhancement activity for treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	22-27
16969429-5	2006	Vildagliptin is a potent, orally active, highly selective DPP-4 inhibitor that enhances the antidiabetic actions of the incretins.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-63
16682937-12	2006	DPP-4-inhibitors (e.g. Vildagliptin), Sitagliptin and Saxagliptin) that inhibit the enzyme DPP-4 responsible for incretin degradation are also under study.	Vildagliptin	23-35	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
16027230-4	2005	A single oral dose of vildagliptin in Zucker rats produced a rapid and dose-related inhibition of DPP-4: the minimum effective dose (MED) was 0.3 mg/kg.	Vildagliptin	22-34	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	98-103
17100408-1	2006	Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that is being evaluated in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-40
17100408-1	2006	Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that is being evaluated in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	42-47
17100408-6	2006	Vildagliptin also showed efficacy in reducing HbA(1c) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes when used in combination with metformin, pioglitazone or insulin.	Vildagliptin	0-12	insulin	Homo sapiens	151-158
16219012-0	2005	Improved glycaemic control with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition in patients with type 2 diabetes: vildagliptin (LAF237) dose response.	Vildagliptin	100-112	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-54
16219012-2	2005	This study was designed to establish a dose of the DPP-4-inhibitor vildagliptin (LAF237) that was effective in reducing HbA1c levels and was safe and well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	67-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	51-56
16548792-0	2006	Vildagliptin: an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 with antidiabetic properties.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
16548792-1	2006	Vildagliptin is a competitive and reversible inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	58-80
16027230-10	2005	GLP-1-mediated augmentation of glucose-induced insulin release seems to make the major contribution to the antidiabetic properties of vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	134-146	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
16171801-5	2005	We administered the orally active and highly selective DPP-4 inhibitor (1-[[(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl) amino] acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidineP-4; vildagliptin; 3 mumol/mouse daily) to normal, wildtype, mice and to mice with a beta-cell targeted dominant-negative mutant hepatocyte nuclear factor-1alpha (HNF-1alpha); these mice have a defective islet response to glucose.	Vildagliptin	143-155	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	55-60
16043735-11	2005	CONCLUSIONS: This study presents evidence that DPP-4 inhibition by vildagliptin when added to metformin in type 2 diabetes over 52 weeks improves beta-cell function along with improved postmeal insulin sensitivity.	Vildagliptin	67-79	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	47-52
16132964-7	2005	Early clinical studies with agents acting through GLP-1 signalling mechanisms (e.g. exenatide, liraglutide and vildagliptin) suggest that GLP-1 can improve alpha cell glucose sensing in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	111-123	glucagon	Homo sapiens	50-55
16132964-7	2005	Early clinical studies with agents acting through GLP-1 signalling mechanisms (e.g. exenatide, liraglutide and vildagliptin) suggest that GLP-1 can improve alpha cell glucose sensing in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	111-123	glucagon	Homo sapiens	138-143
16043735-11	2005	CONCLUSIONS: This study presents evidence that DPP-4 inhibition by vildagliptin when added to metformin in type 2 diabetes over 52 weeks improves beta-cell function along with improved postmeal insulin sensitivity.	Vildagliptin	67-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	194-201
15886245-0	2005	Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, improves model-assessed beta-cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-39
15886245-1	2005	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, vildagliptin, increases levels of intact glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	56-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-44
15886245-1	2005	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, vildagliptin, increases levels of intact glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	56-68	glucagon	Homo sapiens	97-120
15886245-1	2005	AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor, vildagliptin, increases levels of intact glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	56-68	glucagon	Homo sapiens	122-127
15886245-3	2005	METHODS: This study examined the effects of 28-d treatment with vildagliptin (100 mg, twice daily; n = 9) vs. placebo (n = 11) on beta-cell function in diabetic patients using a mathematical model that describes the insulin secretory rate as a function of glucose levels (beta-cell dose response), the change in glucose with time (derivative component), and a potentiation factor, which is a function of time and may reflect the actions of nonglucose secretagogues and other factors.	Vildagliptin	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	216-223
15886245-4	2005	RESULTS: Vildagliptin significantly increased the insulin secretory rate at 7 mmol/liter glucose (secretory tone), calculated from the dose response; the difference in least squares mean (deltaLSM) was 101 +/- 51 pmol.min(-1).m(-2) (P = 0.002).	Vildagliptin	9-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
15886245-6	2005	Vildagliptin also significantly decreased mean prandial glucose (deltaLSM, -1.2 +/- 0.4 mmol/liter; P = 0.01) and glucagon (deltaLSM, -10.7 +/- 4.8 ng/liter; P = 0.03) levels and increased plasma levels of intact GLP-1 (deltaLSM, +10.8 +/- 1.6 pmol/liter; P < 0.0001) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (deltaLSM, +43.4 +/- 9.4 pmol/liter; P < 0.0001) relative to placebo.	Vildagliptin	0-12	glucagon	Homo sapiens	213-218
15886245-7	2005	CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin is an incretin degradation inhibitor that improves beta-cell function in diabetic patients by increasing the insulin secretory tone.	Vildagliptin	12-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	134-141
15907807-0	2005	Inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV catalyzed peptide truncation by Vildagliptin ((2S)-{[(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)amino]acetyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile).	Vildagliptin	70-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
16043735-0	2005	Improved meal-related beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity by the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor vildagliptin in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes over 1 year.	Vildagliptin	106-118	insulin	Homo sapiens	45-52
16043735-0	2005	Improved meal-related beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity by the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor vildagliptin in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes over 1 year.	Vildagliptin	106-118	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-95
17491680-13	2005	Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP-IV inhibitors; e.g. Vildagliptin, Sitagliptin) that inhibit the enzyme responsible for incretin degradation are also under study.	Vildagliptin	60-72	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-42
15907807-0	2005	Inhibition of dipeptidyl-peptidase IV catalyzed peptide truncation by Vildagliptin ((2S)-{[(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)amino]acetyl}-pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile).	Vildagliptin	84-156	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	14-37
16318402-13	2005	Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors (e.g. vildagliptin, sitagliptin, and saxagliptin) that inhibit the enzyme responsible for incretin degradation are also being studied.	Vildagliptin	41-53	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-23
34522201-0	2021	Anti-inflammatory effects of saxagliptin and vildagliptin against doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: attenuation of NLRP3 inflammasome up-regulation and tubulo-interstitial injury.	Vildagliptin	45-57	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
29951533-1	2018	The collected data have revealed the beneficial effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on the vascular endothelium, including vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	140-152	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	59-81
29951533-1	2018	The collected data have revealed the beneficial effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on the vascular endothelium, including vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	140-152	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
29951533-8	2018	Notably, vildagliptin may inhibit angiopoietin-like 3 (Angptl3) and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (Bhmt) expression and activated paraoxonase-1 (Pon1) in the aorta of diabetic rats.	Vildagliptin	9-21	angiopoietin-like 3	Rattus norvegicus	34-53
29951533-8	2018	Notably, vildagliptin may inhibit angiopoietin-like 3 (Angptl3) and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (Bhmt) expression and activated paraoxonase-1 (Pon1) in the aorta of diabetic rats.	Vildagliptin	9-21	angiopoietin-like 3	Rattus norvegicus	55-62
29951533-8	2018	Notably, vildagliptin may inhibit angiopoietin-like 3 (Angptl3) and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (Bhmt) expression and activated paraoxonase-1 (Pon1) in the aorta of diabetic rats.	Vildagliptin	9-21	betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	68-108
29951533-8	2018	Notably, vildagliptin may inhibit angiopoietin-like 3 (Angptl3) and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (Bhmt) expression and activated paraoxonase-1 (Pon1) in the aorta of diabetic rats.	Vildagliptin	9-21	betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
29951533-8	2018	Notably, vildagliptin may inhibit angiopoietin-like 3 (Angptl3) and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (Bhmt) expression and activated paraoxonase-1 (Pon1) in the aorta of diabetic rats.	Vildagliptin	9-21	paraoxonase 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-154
29951533-8	2018	Notably, vildagliptin may inhibit angiopoietin-like 3 (Angptl3) and betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (Bhmt) expression and activated paraoxonase-1 (Pon1) in the aorta of diabetic rats.	Vildagliptin	9-21	paraoxonase 1	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
34392748-11	2022	DPP-IV inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, and teneligliptin) were all shown to attenuate AAA formation in murine models by reducing monocyte differentiation, the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9).	Vildagliptin	32-44	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	0-6
34392748-11	2022	DPP-IV inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, and teneligliptin) were all shown to attenuate AAA formation in murine models by reducing monocyte differentiation, the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9).	Vildagliptin	32-44	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	244-249
34392748-11	2022	DPP-IV inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, and teneligliptin) were all shown to attenuate AAA formation in murine models by reducing monocyte differentiation, the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9).	Vildagliptin	32-44	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	254-259
34577104-2	2021	Vildagliptin belongs to relatively new oral antidiabetic drugs named gliptins, inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and prolonging the activities of the endogenous incretin hormones.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-112
34577104-2	2021	Vildagliptin belongs to relatively new oral antidiabetic drugs named gliptins, inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) and prolonging the activities of the endogenous incretin hormones.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	114-119
34384428-10	2021	After MCDA, the overall value orders for each DPP-4 inhibitor included Sitagliptin (0.45), Linagliptin (0.44), Vildagliptin (0.43), Alogliptin (0.42) and Saxagliptin (0.40).	Vildagliptin	111-123	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
34484112-1	2021	Purpose: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, including linagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in China.	Vildagliptin	116-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	9-30
34484112-1	2021	Purpose: Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, including linagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin, are used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in China.	Vildagliptin	116-128	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	32-37
34277963-4	2021	Animals received the sulfonylureas gliclazide or glibenclamide for 24 weeks alone or in combination with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin or vildagliptin monotherapy.	Vildagliptin	142-154	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	109-131
35520131-6	2022	The screening of FDA-approved drugs identified four compounds (Cobimetinib, Larotrectinib, Pantoprazole, and Vildagliptin) with the highest scores, whose inhibitory effects on A-FABP were further assessed in cellular assays.	Vildagliptin	109-121	fatty acid binding protein 4	Homo sapiens	176-182
35367243-4	2022	MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here we synthesized a series of vildagliptin analogs, and among which, ZD-2 showed the moderate inhibition of DPP-4 activity compared with vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	55-67	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	133-138
35367243-4	2022	MATERIALS AND METHODS: Here we synthesized a series of vildagliptin analogs, and among which, ZD-2 showed the moderate inhibition of DPP-4 activity compared with vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	162-174	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	133-138
34522267-0	2021	Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, attenuated endothelial dysfunction through miRNAs in diabetic rats.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	16-38
34522267-9	2021	Importantly, through miRNA target biological function and pathway analysis, we found that vildagliptin activated miR-190-5p to inhibit Ccl2 expression and inhibited miR-134-5p and miR-375-3p to increase Bdnf and Pdk1 expression in the aorta.	Vildagliptin	90-102	microRNA 190	Rattus norvegicus	113-120
34522267-9	2021	Importantly, through miRNA target biological function and pathway analysis, we found that vildagliptin activated miR-190-5p to inhibit Ccl2 expression and inhibited miR-134-5p and miR-375-3p to increase Bdnf and Pdk1 expression in the aorta.	Vildagliptin	90-102	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	135-139
34522267-9	2021	Importantly, through miRNA target biological function and pathway analysis, we found that vildagliptin activated miR-190-5p to inhibit Ccl2 expression and inhibited miR-134-5p and miR-375-3p to increase Bdnf and Pdk1 expression in the aorta.	Vildagliptin	90-102	microRNA 134	Rattus norvegicus	165-172
34522267-9	2021	Importantly, through miRNA target biological function and pathway analysis, we found that vildagliptin activated miR-190-5p to inhibit Ccl2 expression and inhibited miR-134-5p and miR-375-3p to increase Bdnf and Pdk1 expression in the aorta.	Vildagliptin	90-102	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	203-207
34522267-9	2021	Importantly, through miRNA target biological function and pathway analysis, we found that vildagliptin activated miR-190-5p to inhibit Ccl2 expression and inhibited miR-134-5p and miR-375-3p to increase Bdnf and Pdk1 expression in the aorta.	Vildagliptin	90-102	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	212-216
35588684-0	2022	Mechanistic insight into inhibition of amyloid fibrillation of human serum albumin by Vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	86-98	albumin	Homo sapiens	69-82
35216503-0	2022	Neuroprotective Effects of the DPP4 Inhibitor Vildagliptin in In Vivo and In Vitro Models of Parkinson"s Disease.	Vildagliptin	46-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
35352287-0	2022	Correction to: Vildagliptin Attenuates Huntington"s Disease Through Activation of GLP-1 Receptor/PI3K/Akt/BDNF Pathway in 3-Nitropropionic Acid Rat Model.	Vildagliptin	15-27	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	82-96
35352287-0	2022	Correction to: Vildagliptin Attenuates Huntington"s Disease Through Activation of GLP-1 Receptor/PI3K/Akt/BDNF Pathway in 3-Nitropropionic Acid Rat Model.	Vildagliptin	15-27	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
35352287-0	2022	Correction to: Vildagliptin Attenuates Huntington"s Disease Through Activation of GLP-1 Receptor/PI3K/Akt/BDNF Pathway in 3-Nitropropionic Acid Rat Model.	Vildagliptin	15-27	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
35272176-1	2022	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, is available as immediate release (IR) tablets administered at 50 mg twice daily (BID).	Vildagliptin	21-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-59
35272176-1	2022	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, is available as immediate release (IR) tablets administered at 50 mg twice daily (BID).	Vildagliptin	21-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	61-66
35272176-11	2022	CONCLUSION: This study confirms the therapeutic equivalence of vildagliptin IR and MR formulations for DPP-4 enzyme inhibition over time.	Vildagliptin	63-75	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	103-108
35216503-9	2022	Furthermore, vildagliptin activated MPTP-decreased PI3k/Akt and mitigated MPTP-increased ERK and JNK signaling pathways in the striatum.	Vildagliptin	13-25	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	97-100
35216503-10	2022	Consistent with signaling transduction in the mouse striatum, vildagliptin reversed MPP+-induced dephosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and phosphorylation of ERK and JNK in SH-SY5Y cells.	Vildagliptin	62-74	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	123-126
35216503-10	2022	Consistent with signaling transduction in the mouse striatum, vildagliptin reversed MPP+-induced dephosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and phosphorylation of ERK and JNK in SH-SY5Y cells.	Vildagliptin	62-74	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	150-153
35216503-10	2022	Consistent with signaling transduction in the mouse striatum, vildagliptin reversed MPP+-induced dephosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and phosphorylation of ERK and JNK in SH-SY5Y cells.	Vildagliptin	62-74	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	158-161
35216503-12	2022	Taken together, these findings indicate that vildagliptin has protective effects against MPTP-induced motor dysfunction by inhibiting dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis, which is associated with regulation of PI3k/Akt, ERK, and JNK signaling transduction.	Vildagliptin	45-57	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	211-214
35216503-12	2022	Taken together, these findings indicate that vildagliptin has protective effects against MPTP-induced motor dysfunction by inhibiting dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis, which is associated with regulation of PI3k/Akt, ERK, and JNK signaling transduction.	Vildagliptin	45-57	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	216-219
35216503-12	2022	Taken together, these findings indicate that vildagliptin has protective effects against MPTP-induced motor dysfunction by inhibiting dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis, which is associated with regulation of PI3k/Akt, ERK, and JNK signaling transduction.	Vildagliptin	45-57	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	225-228
35129424-7	2022	Metformin mainly affected the AMPK and FOXO signaling pathways, whereas vildagliptin affected insulin secretion and the HIF-1 signaling pathway.	Vildagliptin	72-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	94-101
35129424-7	2022	Metformin mainly affected the AMPK and FOXO signaling pathways, whereas vildagliptin affected insulin secretion and the HIF-1 signaling pathway.	Vildagliptin	72-84	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	120-125
35370321-1	2022	Vildagliptin is an oral agent which is a member of a new class of hypoglycemic drugs, dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	86-107
35370321-1	2022	Vildagliptin is an oral agent which is a member of a new class of hypoglycemic drugs, dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	109-114
35468904-4	2022	Our study relied on the fact that both vildagliptin and saxagliptin belong to DPP4 inhibitors and, contain adamantanyl group.	Vildagliptin	39-51	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	78-82
35220922-0	2022	Luminescence studies of binding affinity of vildagliptin with bovine serum albumin.	Vildagliptin	44-56	albumin	Homo sapiens	69-82
35216503-4	2022	Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor, is an anti-diabetic drug with various pharmacological properties including neuroprotective effects.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
35216503-4	2022	Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitor, is an anti-diabetic drug with various pharmacological properties including neuroprotective effects.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-44
35216503-9	2022	Furthermore, vildagliptin activated MPTP-decreased PI3k/Akt and mitigated MPTP-increased ERK and JNK signaling pathways in the striatum.	Vildagliptin	13-25	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	56-59
35216503-9	2022	Furthermore, vildagliptin activated MPTP-decreased PI3k/Akt and mitigated MPTP-increased ERK and JNK signaling pathways in the striatum.	Vildagliptin	13-25	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	89-92
32242496-9	2021	The catalytic domain of Dipeptidyl peptidase IV enzyme in complex with Vildagliptin (PDB Code: 6B1E) was obtained from protein data bank with resolution 1.77 A .	Vildagliptin	71-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	24-47
33894269-6	2021	CD26 was inhibited by Vildagliptin, gene depleted by CD26-/- mice.	Vildagliptin	22-34	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	0-4
34041677-0	2021	Augmentation of RBP4/STRA6 signaling leads to insulin resistance and inflammation and the plausible therapeutic role of vildagliptin and metformin.	Vildagliptin	120-132	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
34041677-0	2021	Augmentation of RBP4/STRA6 signaling leads to insulin resistance and inflammation and the plausible therapeutic role of vildagliptin and metformin.	Vildagliptin	120-132	signaling receptor and transporter of retinol STRA6	Rattus norvegicus	21-26
34041677-10	2021	Vildagliptin and metformin not only restored the above but also decreased the expression of IL-6, NFkappaB, SOCS-3 along with lipid accumulation.	Vildagliptin	0-12	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
34041677-10	2021	Vildagliptin and metformin not only restored the above but also decreased the expression of IL-6, NFkappaB, SOCS-3 along with lipid accumulation.	Vildagliptin	0-12	suppressor of cytokine signaling 3	Rattus norvegicus	108-114
33434756-0	2021	Vildagliptin attenuates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats via targeting PI3K/Akt/NFkappaB, Nrf2 and CREB signaling pathways and the expression of lncRNA IFNG-AS1 and miR-146a.	Vildagliptin	0-12	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-82
33434756-0	2021	Vildagliptin attenuates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats via targeting PI3K/Akt/NFkappaB, Nrf2 and CREB signaling pathways and the expression of lncRNA IFNG-AS1 and miR-146a.	Vildagliptin	0-12	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
33434756-0	2021	Vildagliptin attenuates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats via targeting PI3K/Akt/NFkappaB, Nrf2 and CREB signaling pathways and the expression of lncRNA IFNG-AS1 and miR-146a.	Vildagliptin	0-12	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
33434756-0	2021	Vildagliptin attenuates acetic acid-induced colitis in rats via targeting PI3K/Akt/NFkappaB, Nrf2 and CREB signaling pathways and the expression of lncRNA IFNG-AS1 and miR-146a.	Vildagliptin	0-12	microRNA 146a	Rattus norvegicus	168-176
33388732-2	2021	This study aimed to explore whether a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor agent vildagliptin (V) could alleviate the lung injury caused by hepatic IR in a rat model and if so elucidate its molecular protective mechanism.	Vildagliptin	77-89	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	38-60
33595798-3	2021	Vildagliptin (VLD) is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) inhibitor, approved as anti-hyperglycemic agents with cardioprotective and renoprotective effects.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	24-47
33595798-3	2021	Vildagliptin (VLD) is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) inhibitor, approved as anti-hyperglycemic agents with cardioprotective and renoprotective effects.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	49-54
33068301-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: DPP-4 inhibitors, saxagliptin and vildagliptin, resulted in substantial reductions in albuminuria in patients with T2D and hypertension on top of RAAS blockade after short term therapy independently on glycemic or hemodynamic changes.	Vildagliptin	47-59	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
33573656-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that treatment with dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors, especially vildagliptin, is significantly associated with an increased risk of bullous pemphigoid development.	Vildagliptin	99-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	53-75
33388732-9	2021	Vildagliptin mitigated the induced lung injury by hepatic IR via suppression of oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha as well as the HIF1-alpha/iNOS/HGF expressions in lung tissue.	Vildagliptin	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	132-141
33388732-9	2021	Vildagliptin mitigated the induced lung injury by hepatic IR via suppression of oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha as well as the HIF1-alpha/iNOS/HGF expressions in lung tissue.	Vildagliptin	0-12	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	157-167
33310040-0	2021	Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, reduces betel-nut induced carcinogenesis in female mice.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	16-38
33388732-9	2021	Vildagliptin mitigated the induced lung injury by hepatic IR via suppression of oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha as well as the HIF1-alpha/iNOS/HGF expressions in lung tissue.	Vildagliptin	0-12	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	168-172
33310040-2	2021	This study investigates the potential of repurposing the anti-diabetic drug, vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, for alleviating the oncogenic condition in female Swiss Albino mice administered an aqueous extract of betel-nut (AEBN) orally (2 mg ml-1) for 24 weeks.	Vildagliptin	77-89	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	93-115
33388732-9	2021	Vildagliptin mitigated the induced lung injury by hepatic IR via suppression of oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha as well as the HIF1-alpha/iNOS/HGF expressions in lung tissue.	Vildagliptin	0-12	hepatocyte growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
33310040-7	2021	Co-administration of AEBN with vildagliptin (10 mg kg-1 body weight) for 8 weeks reduced liver dysplasia, and significantly decreased free palmitic acid, increased free oleic acid, normalized lipid profile, decreased oxidative stress, cyclin D1 expression, Ki-67 immunoreactivity, and Bcl2 expression, and increased the ratio of apoptotic/non-apoptotic cells.	Vildagliptin	31-43	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	235-244
33310040-7	2021	Co-administration of AEBN with vildagliptin (10 mg kg-1 body weight) for 8 weeks reduced liver dysplasia, and significantly decreased free palmitic acid, increased free oleic acid, normalized lipid profile, decreased oxidative stress, cyclin D1 expression, Ki-67 immunoreactivity, and Bcl2 expression, and increased the ratio of apoptotic/non-apoptotic cells.	Vildagliptin	31-43	antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki 67	Mus musculus	257-262
33310040-7	2021	Co-administration of AEBN with vildagliptin (10 mg kg-1 body weight) for 8 weeks reduced liver dysplasia, and significantly decreased free palmitic acid, increased free oleic acid, normalized lipid profile, decreased oxidative stress, cyclin D1 expression, Ki-67 immunoreactivity, and Bcl2 expression, and increased the ratio of apoptotic/non-apoptotic cells.	Vildagliptin	31-43	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	285-289
33310040-8	2021	Mechanistically, vildagliptin elicited these physiological and molecular alterations by restoring normal AMPK signaling and reducing the cellular expressions of FASN and HMGCR, restoring AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15 and reducing Akt/mTOR signaling.	Vildagliptin	17-29	fatty acid synthase	Mus musculus	161-165
33310040-8	2021	Mechanistically, vildagliptin elicited these physiological and molecular alterations by restoring normal AMPK signaling and reducing the cellular expressions of FASN and HMGCR, restoring AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15 and reducing Akt/mTOR signaling.	Vildagliptin	17-29	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-Coenzyme A reductase	Mus musculus	170-175
33310040-8	2021	Mechanistically, vildagliptin elicited these physiological and molecular alterations by restoring normal AMPK signaling and reducing the cellular expressions of FASN and HMGCR, restoring AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15 and reducing Akt/mTOR signaling.	Vildagliptin	17-29	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	221-224
33310040-8	2021	Mechanistically, vildagliptin elicited these physiological and molecular alterations by restoring normal AMPK signaling and reducing the cellular expressions of FASN and HMGCR, restoring AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15 and reducing Akt/mTOR signaling.	Vildagliptin	17-29	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	248-251
33002553-7	2020	CONCLUSION: In patients with T2DM and symptomatic CAD, the addition of Vildagliptin to ongoing metformin showed better glycemic control, lower inflammatory markers (IL-1beta and hsCRP), higher protective markers (adiponectin and HDL-C) and improved lipid profile compared to Glimepiride/metformin therapy.	Vildagliptin	71-83	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	165-173
33416077-4	2021	DPP-IV inhibitors: sitagliptin, vildagliptin and diprotin A, decreased enzyme activity by a maximum of 95-99% (P<0.001).	Vildagliptin	32-44	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
32310854-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin, an oral antidiabetic of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor drugs, exhibits an overall low risk of hypoglycemia with less frequent hypoglycemic events in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients than other conventional antidiabetic drugs.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-76
32310854-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin, an oral antidiabetic of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor drugs, exhibits an overall low risk of hypoglycemia with less frequent hypoglycemic events in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients than other conventional antidiabetic drugs.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
32310854-2	2021	We hypothesized that among hospitalized acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, the addition of vildagliptin to conventional subcutaneous insulin therapy would reduce the risk of hypoglycemic events.	Vildagliptin	96-108	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145
32956689-0	2020	Vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis by targeting ERK1/2, p38alpha, and NF-kappaB signaling.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-21
32956689-0	2020	Vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis by targeting ERK1/2, p38alpha, and NF-kappaB signaling.	Vildagliptin	0-12	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	101-107
32956689-0	2020	Vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis by targeting ERK1/2, p38alpha, and NF-kappaB signaling.	Vildagliptin	0-12	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	109-117
33310040-8	2021	Mechanistically, vildagliptin elicited these physiological and molecular alterations by restoring normal AMPK signaling and reducing the cellular expressions of FASN and HMGCR, restoring AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15 and reducing Akt/mTOR signaling.	Vildagliptin	17-29	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	252-256
33073318-2	2021	We investigated the cardioprotective effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin (vilda), on myocardial metabolism and cardiac performance under pressure overload.	Vildagliptin	66-78	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	49-54
33073318-2	2021	We investigated the cardioprotective effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin (vilda), on myocardial metabolism and cardiac performance under pressure overload.	Vildagliptin	66-71	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	49-54
33035520-4	2020	The present study investigates the beneficial effects of Vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor in counteracting cognitive decline in different models of dementia targeting the AKT, JAK/STAT signaling pathways and hippocampal Klotho expression, to judge the neuroprotective, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of the drug.	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
33035520-9	2020	In contrast, Vildagliptin treatment decreased hippocampal contents of inflammatory, apoptotic and oxidative stress biomarkers as TNF-alpha, caspase-3 and FOXO1 along with restoring metabolic abnormalities.	Vildagliptin	13-25	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	129-138
33035520-9	2020	In contrast, Vildagliptin treatment decreased hippocampal contents of inflammatory, apoptotic and oxidative stress biomarkers as TNF-alpha, caspase-3 and FOXO1 along with restoring metabolic abnormalities.	Vildagliptin	13-25	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	140-149
33035520-9	2020	In contrast, Vildagliptin treatment decreased hippocampal contents of inflammatory, apoptotic and oxidative stress biomarkers as TNF-alpha, caspase-3 and FOXO1 along with restoring metabolic abnormalities.	Vildagliptin	13-25	forkhead box O1	Rattus norvegicus	154-159
33035520-11	2020	These findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective role of vildagliptin is possibly via modulating Klotho protein together with AKT pathway.	Vildagliptin	60-72	Klotho	Rattus norvegicus	100-106
33035520-11	2020	These findings demonstrate that the neuroprotective role of vildagliptin is possibly via modulating Klotho protein together with AKT pathway.	Vildagliptin	60-72	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
33002553-7	2020	CONCLUSION: In patients with T2DM and symptomatic CAD, the addition of Vildagliptin to ongoing metformin showed better glycemic control, lower inflammatory markers (IL-1beta and hsCRP), higher protective markers (adiponectin and HDL-C) and improved lipid profile compared to Glimepiride/metformin therapy.	Vildagliptin	71-83	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	213-224
32102588-2	2020	Vildagliptin (V) is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that has a hepatorenal protective effect against models of liver and renal IR.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	22-44
32645609-5	2020	The concentration range of the calibration curves of VDG, SAX and STG were 10-22 mug mL-1, 24-40 mug mL-1 and 82-130 mug mL-1, respectively.	Vildagliptin	53-56	skull morphology 1	Mus musculus	101-116
32731178-0	2020	Vildagliptin, a CD26/DPP4 inhibitor, ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via regulating the extracellular matrix.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-25
33050169-12	2020	Vildagliptin increased glucagon-like peptide-1 compared to metformin.	Vildagliptin	0-12	glucagon	Homo sapiens	23-46
33050169-13	2020	Paired comparisons showed that, during the postprandial period, vildagliptin significantly changed levels of insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1, and also the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, while metformin had effects on plasma glucose solely.	Vildagliptin	64-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	109-116
33050169-13	2020	Paired comparisons showed that, during the postprandial period, vildagliptin significantly changed levels of insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1, and also the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, while metformin had effects on plasma glucose solely.	Vildagliptin	64-76	glucagon	Homo sapiens	121-144
33050169-13	2020	Paired comparisons showed that, during the postprandial period, vildagliptin significantly changed levels of insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1, and also the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, while metformin had effects on plasma glucose solely.	Vildagliptin	64-76	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	159-181
32731178-0	2020	Vildagliptin, a CD26/DPP4 inhibitor, ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via regulating the extracellular matrix.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-20
32982353-4	2020	The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, compared with glibenclamide in GV and endothelial function in patients with T2DM and arterial hypertension.	Vildagliptin	56-68	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	72-77
32731178-8	2020	The influences of vildagliptin on TGF-beta1-induced cell proliferation, differentiation and inflammatory factors in MRC-5 cells were detected.	Vildagliptin	18-30	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	34-43
32731178-9	2020	RESULTS: Vildagliptin effectively attenuated inflammation and fibrosis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary tissue via inhibiting the activity of CD26/DPP4.	Vildagliptin	9-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	140-144
32731178-9	2020	RESULTS: Vildagliptin effectively attenuated inflammation and fibrosis in bleomycin-induced pulmonary tissue via inhibiting the activity of CD26/DPP4.	Vildagliptin	9-21	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	145-149
32731178-12	2020	CONCLUSION: As an inhibitor of CD26/DPP4, Vildagliptin could be a promising therapeutic candidate for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.	Vildagliptin	42-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
32731178-12	2020	CONCLUSION: As an inhibitor of CD26/DPP4, Vildagliptin could be a promising therapeutic candidate for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.	Vildagliptin	42-54	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
32267348-0	2020	Short-term renal and metabolic effects of low dose vildagliptin treatment added-on insulin therapy in non-proteinuric patients with type 2 diabetes: open-label randomized prospective study.	Vildagliptin	51-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
32873667-2	2020	The objective of this study was to test whether glycaemic response to representative treatments of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (vildagliptin) and thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone) varies according to ethnicity, gender, baseline obesity, triglyceride level or genetic variation.	Vildagliptin	134-146	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	99-121
32267348-9	2020	CONCLUSION: Addition of vildagliptin to ongoing insulin therapy in patients with T2DM was associated with a reduction in uCol IV/Cr and an increase in eGFRcys and eGFRcreat-cys, independent of T2DM control parameters.	Vildagliptin	24-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
32746479-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is an antidiabetic agent, belongs to the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-89
32746479-1	2020	BACKGROUND: Vildagliptin is an antidiabetic agent, belongs to the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	91-96
32696634-10	2020	Vildagliptin markedly inhibited the activation of the p38/NF-kappaB signaling in H/R-induced CMECs.	Vildagliptin	0-12	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
32696634-11	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Vildagliptin protects CMECs from H/R injury via inactivating the p38/NF-kappaB signaling.	Vildagliptin	13-25	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
32267348-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this randomized comparative study was to assess renal and metabolic effects of vildagliptin in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients without overt chronic kidney disease.	Vildagliptin	101-113	insulin	Homo sapiens	117-124
32228183-1	2020	Objectives: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin is indicated for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	16-38
32228183-1	2020	Objectives: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin is indicated for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
31350829-5	2020	The activity of DPP4 was modulated by overexpression, knockdown and pharmacological inhibition using Sitagliptin and Vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	117-129	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	16-20
32218354-2	2020	Vildagliptin is a representative of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, antihyperglycemic drugs, approved for use as monotherapy and combination therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	36-58
32218354-2	2020	Vildagliptin is a representative of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, antihyperglycemic drugs, approved for use as monotherapy and combination therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	60-65
31885117-5	2020	Among the DPP-4 inhibitors available in Taiwan, vildagliptin showed the highest risk of BP (aHR, 2.849; 95% CI, 1.893-4.215; P < 0.001), followed by saxagliptin (aHR, 2.657; 95% CI, 1.770-3.934; P < 0.001).	Vildagliptin	48-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	10-15
31885117-7	2020	This study revealed that treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors, especially vildagliptin, was significantly associated with an increased risk of BP among DM patients.	Vildagliptin	69-81	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	40-45
32246809-8	2020	Both sitagliptin and vildagliptin produced similar increases of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in blood and brain.	Vildagliptin	21-33	glucagon	Mus musculus	71-94
32246809-8	2020	Both sitagliptin and vildagliptin produced similar increases of active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in blood and brain.	Vildagliptin	21-33	glucagon	Mus musculus	96-101
32218354-5	2020	Vildagliptin is able to limit inflammation by suppression of the NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) signaling pathway and proinflammatory agents such as TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-1beta (Interleukin-1beta), and IL-8 (Interleukin 8).	Vildagliptin	0-12	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	65-74
32218354-5	2020	Vildagliptin is able to limit inflammation by suppression of the NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) signaling pathway and proinflammatory agents such as TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-1beta (Interleukin-1beta), and IL-8 (Interleukin 8).	Vildagliptin	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	193-202
32218354-5	2020	Vildagliptin is able to limit inflammation by suppression of the NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) signaling pathway and proinflammatory agents such as TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-1beta (Interleukin-1beta), and IL-8 (Interleukin 8).	Vildagliptin	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	204-231
32218354-5	2020	Vildagliptin is able to limit inflammation by suppression of the NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) signaling pathway and proinflammatory agents such as TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-1beta (Interleukin-1beta), and IL-8 (Interleukin 8).	Vildagliptin	0-12	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	234-242
32218354-5	2020	Vildagliptin is able to limit inflammation by suppression of the NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) signaling pathway and proinflammatory agents such as TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-1beta (Interleukin-1beta), and IL-8 (Interleukin 8).	Vildagliptin	0-12	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	244-261
32218354-5	2020	Vildagliptin is able to limit inflammation by suppression of the NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) signaling pathway and proinflammatory agents such as TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-1beta (Interleukin-1beta), and IL-8 (Interleukin 8).	Vildagliptin	0-12	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	268-272
32218354-5	2020	Vildagliptin is able to limit inflammation by suppression of the NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) signaling pathway and proinflammatory agents such as TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor alpha), IL-1beta (Interleukin-1beta), and IL-8 (Interleukin 8).	Vildagliptin	0-12	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	274-287
32218354-9	2020	Treatment with vildagliptin lowers the level of PAI-1 presenting possible antithrombotic effect.	Vildagliptin	15-27	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
32093712-10	2020	According to the measurement of glucose and insulin tolerance and glucose uptake abilities, we found that the overexpression of miR-214 could be used to alleviate IR in the IR models, especially when collaboratively used with DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	241-253	microRNA 214	Homo sapiens	128-135
32093712-10	2020	According to the measurement of glucose and insulin tolerance and glucose uptake abilities, we found that the overexpression of miR-214 could be used to alleviate IR in the IR models, especially when collaboratively used with DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	241-253	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	226-230
32014700-3	2020	Therefore, this study aimed to investigate vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, effects on cognitive function in older patients with DM.	Vildagliptin	43-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	59-64
31735774-0	2019	Vildagliptin, a DPP-4 Inhibitor, Attenuates Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherogenesis in Nondiabetic Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	16-21
31792328-4	2019	Among five DPP4 inhibitors, only two of them, vildagliptin and saxagliptin, exhibited apparent cytotoxic effects on myeloma cell lines, without any difference in suppression of DPP4 activity.	Vildagliptin	46-58	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-15
30945564-0	2019	Vildagliptin inhibits high free fatty acid (FFA)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in endothelial cells.	Vildagliptin	0-12	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	57-62
30945564-4	2019	In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the clinically available DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in the protection of FFA-induced endothelial dysfunction.	Vildagliptin	99-111	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	83-88
30945564-6	2019	Vildagliptin also reverses FFA-induced reduced levels of GSH and elevated expression of the FFA-associated NAPHD oxidase protein NOX-4.	Vildagliptin	0-12	NADPH oxidase 4	Homo sapiens	129-134
30945564-8	2019	Mechanistically, we show that vildagliptin suppresses FFA-induced expression of proteins of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, including NLRP3, ASC, p20 and HMGB-1, and mitigates FFA-induced inactivation of the AMPK pathway.	Vildagliptin	30-42	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	96-101
30945564-8	2019	Mechanistically, we show that vildagliptin suppresses FFA-induced expression of proteins of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, including NLRP3, ASC, p20 and HMGB-1, and mitigates FFA-induced inactivation of the AMPK pathway.	Vildagliptin	30-42	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	134-139
30945564-8	2019	Mechanistically, we show that vildagliptin suppresses FFA-induced expression of proteins of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, including NLRP3, ASC, p20 and HMGB-1, and mitigates FFA-induced inactivation of the AMPK pathway.	Vildagliptin	30-42	PYD and CARD domain containing	Homo sapiens	141-144
30945564-8	2019	Mechanistically, we show that vildagliptin suppresses FFA-induced expression of proteins of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, including NLRP3, ASC, p20 and HMGB-1, and mitigates FFA-induced inactivation of the AMPK pathway.	Vildagliptin	30-42	tubulin polymerization promoting protein family member 3	Homo sapiens	146-149
30945564-8	2019	Mechanistically, we show that vildagliptin suppresses FFA-induced expression of proteins of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex, including NLRP3, ASC, p20 and HMGB-1, and mitigates FFA-induced inactivation of the AMPK pathway.	Vildagliptin	30-42	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	154-160
30945564-9	2019	Consequently, vildagliptin inhibits production of two cytokines that are favored by NLRP3 inflammasome machinery: IL-1beta and IL-18.	Vildagliptin	14-26	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	84-89
30945564-9	2019	Consequently, vildagliptin inhibits production of two cytokines that are favored by NLRP3 inflammasome machinery: IL-1beta and IL-18.	Vildagliptin	14-26	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	114-122
30945564-9	2019	Consequently, vildagliptin inhibits production of two cytokines that are favored by NLRP3 inflammasome machinery: IL-1beta and IL-18.	Vildagliptin	14-26	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	127-132
30945564-11	2019	Collectively, we conclude that the protective role of vildagliptin in endothelial cells is mediated via suppression of the AMPK-NLRP3 inflammasome-HMGB-1 axis pathway.	Vildagliptin	54-66	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	128-133
30945564-11	2019	Collectively, we conclude that the protective role of vildagliptin in endothelial cells is mediated via suppression of the AMPK-NLRP3 inflammasome-HMGB-1 axis pathway.	Vildagliptin	54-66	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	147-153
31324296-5	2019	Vildagliptin (VI) is a potent DPP-4 inhibitor with least adverse events compared to other DPP-4 inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
31125595-2	2019	Testosterone replacement therapy (2 mg/kg/day TRT) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) improved cognition in orchiectomized rats, and obese rats.	Vildagliptin	89-101	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	55-77
31207434-7	2019	CONCLUSION: We showed that vildagliptin promotes beta cell neogenesis and regeneration, stimulates DDR-1 expression as an endocrine cell progenitor marker, suppresses apoptosis, induces islet cell proliferation and rearranges islet morphology in the n2-STZ diabetes model.	Vildagliptin	27-39	discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
31689132-1	2020	Background: Vildagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that reduces glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Vildagliptin	12-24	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-52
31230090-13	2019	IPostC alone had no significant effect on the gene expression and vildagliptin alone could only affect LC3-II and mfn2 expressions.	Vildagliptin	66-78	annexin A3	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
31230090-13	2019	IPostC alone had no significant effect on the gene expression and vildagliptin alone could only affect LC3-II and mfn2 expressions.	Vildagliptin	66-78	mitofusin 2	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
31462933-7	2019	Intragroup analysis showed that vildagliptin reduced insulin, C-peptide and oxidized LDL, and increased adiponectin and glucagon-like peptide-1 while metformin reduced weight, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, with an unexpected increase on tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Vildagliptin	32-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
31462933-7	2019	Intragroup analysis showed that vildagliptin reduced insulin, C-peptide and oxidized LDL, and increased adiponectin and glucagon-like peptide-1 while metformin reduced weight, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, with an unexpected increase on tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Vildagliptin	32-44	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	104-115
31462933-7	2019	Intragroup analysis showed that vildagliptin reduced insulin, C-peptide and oxidized LDL, and increased adiponectin and glucagon-like peptide-1 while metformin reduced weight, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, with an unexpected increase on tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Vildagliptin	32-44	glucagon	Homo sapiens	120-143
31462933-7	2019	Intragroup analysis showed that vildagliptin reduced insulin, C-peptide and oxidized LDL, and increased adiponectin and glucagon-like peptide-1 while metformin reduced weight, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, with an unexpected increase on tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Vildagliptin	32-44	component of oligomeric golgi complex 2	Homo sapiens	211-251
31462933-7	2019	Intragroup analysis showed that vildagliptin reduced insulin, C-peptide and oxidized LDL, and increased adiponectin and glucagon-like peptide-1 while metformin reduced weight, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, with an unexpected increase on tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Vildagliptin	32-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	293-320
31097424-1	2019	Vildagliptin (VG), a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is used for treating type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	21-43
31097424-1	2019	Vildagliptin (VG), a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, is used for treating type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	14-16	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	21-43
31324296-5	2019	Vildagliptin (VI) is a potent DPP-4 inhibitor with least adverse events compared to other DPP-4 inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	90-95
31324296-5	2019	Vildagliptin (VI) is a potent DPP-4 inhibitor with least adverse events compared to other DPP-4 inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	14-16	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	30-35
31275243-8	2019	Five of the DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin and linagliptin) were approved by regulatory authorities and entered the market between 2006 and 2013.	Vildagliptin	43-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	12-17
30519910-0	2019	Vildagliptin, an Anti-diabetic Drug of the DPP-4 Inhibitor, Induces Vasodilation via Kv Channel and SERCA Pump Activation in Aortic Smooth Muscle.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
31026379-0	2019	Protective effect of vildagliptin on TNF-alpha-induced chondrocyte senescence.	Vildagliptin	21-33	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	37-46
31026379-5	2019	Here, we report a novel pharmacological role of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin in chondrocyte senescence.	Vildagliptin	68-80	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	52-57
31026379-7	2019	The inhibition of DPP-4 by vildagliptin ameliorates TNF-alpha-induced chondrocyte senescence as determined by cellular senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-Gal) activity.	Vildagliptin	27-39	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	18-23
31026379-7	2019	The inhibition of DPP-4 by vildagliptin ameliorates TNF-alpha-induced chondrocyte senescence as determined by cellular senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-Gal) activity.	Vildagliptin	27-39	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	52-61
31026379-8	2019	Vildagliptin displayed protective capabilities against TNF-alpha-induced chondrocyte cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase.	Vildagliptin	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	55-64
31026379-9	2019	Moreover, vildagliptin suppresses the three major TNF-alpha-induced chondrocyte senescence proteins including p53, p21, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).	Vildagliptin	10-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	50-59
31026379-9	2019	Moreover, vildagliptin suppresses the three major TNF-alpha-induced chondrocyte senescence proteins including p53, p21, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).	Vildagliptin	10-22	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	110-113
31026379-9	2019	Moreover, vildagliptin suppresses the three major TNF-alpha-induced chondrocyte senescence proteins including p53, p21, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).	Vildagliptin	10-22	cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A	Homo sapiens	115-118
31026379-9	2019	Moreover, vildagliptin suppresses the three major TNF-alpha-induced chondrocyte senescence proteins including p53, p21, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).	Vildagliptin	10-22	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	124-157
31026379-9	2019	Moreover, vildagliptin suppresses the three major TNF-alpha-induced chondrocyte senescence proteins including p53, p21, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1).	Vildagliptin	10-22	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	159-164
31026379-10	2019	Vildagliptin also suppresses TNF-alpha-induced p53 acetylation at K382.	Vildagliptin	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	29-38
31026379-10	2019	Vildagliptin also suppresses TNF-alpha-induced p53 acetylation at K382.	Vildagliptin	0-12	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	47-50
31026379-11	2019	Consistently, our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation, which is mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as the inhibition of SIRT1 negated the inhibitory action of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation.	Vildagliptin	64-76	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	80-83
31026379-11	2019	Consistently, our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation, which is mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as the inhibition of SIRT1 negated the inhibitory action of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation.	Vildagliptin	64-76	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	118-127
30767253-15	2019	The more favourable effects of dapagliflozin compared to vildagliptin may have explained the cardiovascular benefits observed only in sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors.	Vildagliptin	57-69	solute carrier family 5 member 2	Homo sapiens	134-165
31026379-11	2019	Consistently, our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation, which is mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as the inhibition of SIRT1 negated the inhibitory action of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation.	Vildagliptin	64-76	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	129-134
31026379-11	2019	Consistently, our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation, which is mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as the inhibition of SIRT1 negated the inhibitory action of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation.	Vildagliptin	64-76	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	157-162
31026379-11	2019	Consistently, our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation, which is mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as the inhibition of SIRT1 negated the inhibitory action of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation.	Vildagliptin	64-76	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	212-215
31026379-11	2019	Consistently, our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation, which is mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as the inhibition of SIRT1 negated the inhibitory action of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation.	Vildagliptin	196-208	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	80-83
31026379-11	2019	Consistently, our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation, which is mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as the inhibition of SIRT1 negated the inhibitory action of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation.	Vildagliptin	196-208	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	118-127
31026379-11	2019	Consistently, our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation, which is mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as the inhibition of SIRT1 negated the inhibitory action of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation.	Vildagliptin	196-208	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	129-134
31026379-11	2019	Consistently, our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation, which is mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as the inhibition of SIRT1 negated the inhibitory action of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation.	Vildagliptin	196-208	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	157-162
31026379-11	2019	Consistently, our findings demonstrate the inhibitory effect of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation, which is mediated by sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as the inhibition of SIRT1 negated the inhibitory action of vildagliptin on p53 acetylation.	Vildagliptin	196-208	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	212-215
31026379-12	2019	Furthermore, we found that the effect of vildagliptin on SIRT1 protection is adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) dependent, and the inhibition of AMPK activity negated the protection of vildagliptin against SIRT1 and chondrocytes senescence.	Vildagliptin	41-53	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	57-62
31026379-12	2019	Furthermore, we found that the effect of vildagliptin on SIRT1 protection is adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) dependent, and the inhibition of AMPK activity negated the protection of vildagliptin against SIRT1 and chondrocytes senescence.	Vildagliptin	41-53	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	236-241
31026379-12	2019	Furthermore, we found that the effect of vildagliptin on SIRT1 protection is adenosine 5"-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) dependent, and the inhibition of AMPK activity negated the protection of vildagliptin against SIRT1 and chondrocytes senescence.	Vildagliptin	215-227	sirtuin 1	Homo sapiens	57-62
31275298-11	2019	The association between the use of DPP-4is, particularly vildagliptin, and BP risk has been confirmed by several epidemiological studies.	Vildagliptin	57-69	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
30828846-0	2019	Randomised clinical trial: the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, inhibits gastric accommodation and increases glucagon-like peptide-1 plasma levels in healthy volunteers.	Vildagliptin	48-60	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	31-36
30759264-0	2019	Combined vildagliptin and memantine treatment downregulates expression of amyloid precursor protein, and total and phosphorylated tau in a rat model of combined Alzheimer"s disease and type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	9-21	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	74-99
30759264-8	2019	Vildagliptin alone and in combination with memantine caused a decrease in blood glucose, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, Hcy, malanodialdhyde, and acetylcholinesterase, and an increase in apolipoprotein E.	Vildagliptin	0-12	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	139-159
30759264-8	2019	Vildagliptin alone and in combination with memantine caused a decrease in blood glucose, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, Hcy, malanodialdhyde, and acetylcholinesterase, and an increase in apolipoprotein E.	Vildagliptin	0-12	apolipoprotein E	Rattus norvegicus	180-196
31164969-8	2019	DPPIV-bound STB-EVs from normal perfused placentae are dose dependently inhibited with vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	87-99	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
30698677-0	2019	The CD26/DPP4-inhibitor vildagliptin suppresses lung cancer growth via macrophage-mediated NK cell activity.	Vildagliptin	24-36	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	4-8
30698677-0	2019	The CD26/DPP4-inhibitor vildagliptin suppresses lung cancer growth via macrophage-mediated NK cell activity.	Vildagliptin	24-36	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	9-13
30698677-4	2019	The CD26/DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin was employed on Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cell line and a human lung adenocarcinoma (H460) cell line.	Vildagliptin	24-36	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	4-8
30698677-4	2019	The CD26/DPP4 inhibitor vildagliptin was employed on Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) cell line and a human lung adenocarcinoma (H460) cell line.	Vildagliptin	24-36	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	9-13
30698677-5	2019	Two weeks after subcutaneous injection of tumor cells into C57BL/6 and CD1/nude mice, the size of LLC and H460 tumors was significantly reduced by vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	147-159	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	71-74
30698677-6	2019	Immunohistochemically, the number of macrophages (F4/80+) and NK cells (NKp46+) was significantly increased in vildagliptin-treated tumor samples.	Vildagliptin	111-123	natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1	Mus musculus	72-77
30698677-10	2019	Accordingly, we found upregulated gammaH2AX in vildagliptin-treated tumors and TRAIL-treated cell lines.	Vildagliptin	47-59	H2A.X variant histone	Mus musculus	34-43
30698677-12	2019	Our data provide evidence that the CD26/DPP4-inhibitor vildagliptin reduces lung cancer growth.	Vildagliptin	55-67	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	35-39
30698677-12	2019	Our data provide evidence that the CD26/DPP4-inhibitor vildagliptin reduces lung cancer growth.	Vildagliptin	55-67	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	40-44
30759264-10	2019	In conclusion, vildagliptin treatment, either alone or in combination with memantine, modulates AD-associated biochemical changes and downregulates amyloid precursor protein and phosphorylated tau expression in diabetic rats.	Vildagliptin	15-27	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	148-173
31016766-0	2019	Editorial: effects of vildagliptin on GLP-1 levels, gastric motor functions and food intake.	Vildagliptin	22-34	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	38-43
31016769-0	2019	Editorial: effects of vildagliptin on GLP-1 levels, gastric motor function and food intake.	Vildagliptin	22-34	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	38-43
30630371-0	2019	The Role of Vildagliptin in Treating Hypertension Through Modulating Serum VEGF in Diabetic Hypertensive Patients.	Vildagliptin	12-24	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	75-79
30630371-2	2019	The current study investigated the effects of vildagliptin, DPP-4 inhibitor, compared to metformin on endothelial function and blood pressure through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) modulation in patients with T2DM and hypertension.	Vildagliptin	46-58	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	150-184
30630371-2	2019	The current study investigated the effects of vildagliptin, DPP-4 inhibitor, compared to metformin on endothelial function and blood pressure through vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) modulation in patients with T2DM and hypertension.	Vildagliptin	46-58	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	186-190
30630371-6	2019	RESULTS: At the end of the therapeutic period, the results showed that vildagliptin significantly decreased blood pressure and increased serum VEGF levels, while metformin was more effective at lowering body weight.	Vildagliptin	71-83	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	143-147
30630371-7	2019	In comparison with metformin, vildagliptin showed a promising action through its antihypertensive effect via elevating VEGF levels and improving physiological angiogenesis and vasculature.	Vildagliptin	30-42	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	119-123
30630371-8	2019	WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Vildagliptin showed a promising action through its blood pressure-regulating effect via modulating VEGF levels and improving physiological angiogenesis and vasculature, in addition to improving the lipid profile of patients, while metformin was better in reducing body weight.	Vildagliptin	28-40	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	127-131
30828846-0	2019	Randomised clinical trial: the DPP-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, inhibits gastric accommodation and increases glucagon-like peptide-1 plasma levels in healthy volunteers.	Vildagliptin	48-60	glucagon	Homo sapiens	107-130
30828846-9	2019	Planned contrast analysis showed that active GLP-1 levels were higher after vildagliptin compared to placebo (P = 0.018) only after nutrient ingestion.	Vildagliptin	76-88	glucagon	Homo sapiens	45-50
30828846-12	2019	Active GLP-1 plasma levels were increased after vildagliptin treatment, but the increase was not sufficient to affect ad libitum food intake.	Vildagliptin	48-60	glucagon	Homo sapiens	7-12
31495390-5	2019	RESULTS: Vildagliptin treatment increased the myocardial homing of circulating CXCR4+ stem cells and angiogenesis.	Vildagliptin	9-21	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4	Mus musculus	79-84
31495390-7	2019	Vildagliptin treatment induced active SDF-1, which preserved the cardiac SDF-1-CXCR4 homing axis for MI injury.	Vildagliptin	0-12	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12	Mus musculus	38-43
31495390-7	2019	Vildagliptin treatment induced active SDF-1, which preserved the cardiac SDF-1-CXCR4 homing axis for MI injury.	Vildagliptin	0-12	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12	Mus musculus	73-78
31495390-7	2019	Vildagliptin treatment induced active SDF-1, which preserved the cardiac SDF-1-CXCR4 homing axis for MI injury.	Vildagliptin	0-12	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4	Mus musculus	79-84
30530814-2	2019	However, for some cyanopyrrolidine dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (vildagliptin, anagliptin, and besigliptin, but not saxagliptin), the conversion of nitrile group into carboxylic acid is their major metabolic pathway in vivo.	Vildagliptin	78-90	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	35-57
30968232-6	2019	In addition, vildagliptin was downregulated caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression levels which were evoked by Abeta.	Vildagliptin	13-25	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	44-53
30968232-6	2019	In addition, vildagliptin was downregulated caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression levels which were evoked by Abeta.	Vildagliptin	13-25	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	58-67
30968232-6	2019	In addition, vildagliptin was downregulated caspase-3 and caspase-9 expression levels which were evoked by Abeta.	Vildagliptin	13-25	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	107-112
30880253-11	2019	Furthermore, vildagliptin administration reduced both plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentrations in HSD rats.	Vildagliptin	13-25	renin	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
30880253-12	2019	A DPP-IV inhibitor, vildagliptin, improved the severity of LV fibrosis, and thus, diastolic dysfunction of HFpEF in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats.	Vildagliptin	20-32	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	2-8
30530814-2	2019	However, for some cyanopyrrolidine dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (vildagliptin, anagliptin, and besigliptin, but not saxagliptin), the conversion of nitrile group into carboxylic acid is their major metabolic pathway in vivo.	Vildagliptin	78-90	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
31169082-7	2019	Pharmacovigilance and cohort studies have revealed that DPP4is, especially vildagliptin, teneligliptin, and linagliptin, are a potential risk factor for BP onset.	Vildagliptin	75-87	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	56-60
30452909-1	2019	In the present study, we investigated the effects of the specific DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin on degradation of type II collagen and aggrecan, the main components of the articular extracellular matrix, in primary human chondrocytes.	Vildagliptin	82-94	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	66-71
30567879-1	2019	The O-glucuronide of vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, is a major metabolite in monkeys and a minor metabolite in humans, rats, and dogs.	Vildagliptin	21-33	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-59
30145806-10	2019	Our findings indicated that exenatide + metformin and vildagliptin + metformin have better efficacy in T2DM since they can improve insulin sensitivity.	Vildagliptin	54-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	131-138
30858802-0	2019	Vildagliptin Reduces Stenosis of Injured Carotid Artery in Diabetic Mouse Through Inhibiting Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation via ER Stress/NF-kappaB Pathway.	Vildagliptin	0-12	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	149-158
30858802-9	2019	In vivo, vildagliptin suppressed the expressions of PCNA and alpha-SMA, phospho-p65, phospho-IKKalpha/beta, GRP78 and CHOP, as well as IRE-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Vildagliptin	9-21	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Mus musculus	52-56
30858802-9	2019	In vivo, vildagliptin suppressed the expressions of PCNA and alpha-SMA, phospho-p65, phospho-IKKalpha/beta, GRP78 and CHOP, as well as IRE-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Vildagliptin	9-21	actin alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta	Mus musculus	61-70
30858802-9	2019	In vivo, vildagliptin suppressed the expressions of PCNA and alpha-SMA, phospho-p65, phospho-IKKalpha/beta, GRP78 and CHOP, as well as IRE-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Vildagliptin	9-21	conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase	Mus musculus	93-101
30858802-9	2019	In vivo, vildagliptin suppressed the expressions of PCNA and alpha-SMA, phospho-p65, phospho-IKKalpha/beta, GRP78 and CHOP, as well as IRE-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Vildagliptin	9-21	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	108-113
30858802-9	2019	In vivo, vildagliptin suppressed the expressions of PCNA and alpha-SMA, phospho-p65, phospho-IKKalpha/beta, GRP78 and CHOP, as well as IRE-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Vildagliptin	9-21	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Mus musculus	118-122
30858802-9	2019	In vivo, vildagliptin suppressed the expressions of PCNA and alpha-SMA, phospho-p65, phospho-IKKalpha/beta, GRP78 and CHOP, as well as IRE-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Vildagliptin	9-21	endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to nucleus signalling 2	Mus musculus	135-140
30858802-11	2019	Vildagliptin reduced the stenosis of injured carotid arteries in diabetic mice, and this effect was achieved via inhibiting the activation of ER stress/NF-kappaB pathway.	Vildagliptin	0-12	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	152-161
30452909-2	2019	The results of our study reveal that vildagliptin reduced degradation of the articular extracellular matrix (ECM) by downregulating IL-1beta-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), matrix metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5).	Vildagliptin	37-49	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	132-140
30452909-2	2019	The results of our study reveal that vildagliptin reduced degradation of the articular extracellular matrix (ECM) by downregulating IL-1beta-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), matrix metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5).	Vildagliptin	37-49	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	163-197
30452909-2	2019	The results of our study reveal that vildagliptin reduced degradation of the articular extracellular matrix (ECM) by downregulating IL-1beta-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), matrix metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5).	Vildagliptin	37-49	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Homo sapiens	200-236
30452909-2	2019	The results of our study reveal that vildagliptin reduced degradation of the articular extracellular matrix (ECM) by downregulating IL-1beta-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), matrix metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5).	Vildagliptin	37-49	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4	Homo sapiens	239-303
30452909-2	2019	The results of our study reveal that vildagliptin reduced degradation of the articular extracellular matrix (ECM) by downregulating IL-1beta-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), matrix metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5).	Vildagliptin	37-49	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 4	Homo sapiens	305-313
30452909-2	2019	The results of our study reveal that vildagliptin reduced degradation of the articular extracellular matrix (ECM) by downregulating IL-1beta-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), matrix metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5).	Vildagliptin	37-49	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5	Homo sapiens	319-383
30452909-2	2019	The results of our study reveal that vildagliptin reduced degradation of the articular extracellular matrix (ECM) by downregulating IL-1beta-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases-3 (MMP-3), matrix metalloproteinases-13 (MMP-13), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5).	Vildagliptin	37-49	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5	Homo sapiens	385-393
30452909-3	2019	We also found that vildagliptin ameliorated IL-1beta-induced activation of the JNK/AP-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pro-inflammatory signaling pathways by downregulating phosphorylation of JNK and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha (IkappaBalpha), activation of c-Fos/c-Jun, and nuclear translocation of p65.	Vildagliptin	19-31	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	44-52
30452909-3	2019	We also found that vildagliptin ameliorated IL-1beta-induced activation of the JNK/AP-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pro-inflammatory signaling pathways by downregulating phosphorylation of JNK and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha (IkappaBalpha), activation of c-Fos/c-Jun, and nuclear translocation of p65.	Vildagliptin	19-31	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	83-113
30452909-3	2019	We also found that vildagliptin ameliorated IL-1beta-induced activation of the JNK/AP-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pro-inflammatory signaling pathways by downregulating phosphorylation of JNK and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha (IkappaBalpha), activation of c-Fos/c-Jun, and nuclear translocation of p65.	Vildagliptin	19-31	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	291-303
30452909-3	2019	We also found that vildagliptin ameliorated IL-1beta-induced activation of the JNK/AP-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pro-inflammatory signaling pathways by downregulating phosphorylation of JNK and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha (IkappaBalpha), activation of c-Fos/c-Jun, and nuclear translocation of p65.	Vildagliptin	19-31	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	320-325
30452909-3	2019	We also found that vildagliptin ameliorated IL-1beta-induced activation of the JNK/AP-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pro-inflammatory signaling pathways by downregulating phosphorylation of JNK and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha (IkappaBalpha), activation of c-Fos/c-Jun, and nuclear translocation of p65.	Vildagliptin	19-31	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	326-331
30452909-3	2019	We also found that vildagliptin ameliorated IL-1beta-induced activation of the JNK/AP-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pro-inflammatory signaling pathways by downregulating phosphorylation of JNK and nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor alpha (IkappaBalpha), activation of c-Fos/c-Jun, and nuclear translocation of p65.	Vildagliptin	19-31	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	362-365
30444033-1	2019	The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor vildagliptin (VLD), a widely used anti-diabetic drug, exerts favourable effects on vascular endothelium in diabetes.	Vildagliptin	37-49	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
30624566-11	2019	The use of DPP-4 inhibitors was associated with a significant increase in the risk of developing BP (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.58; 95% CI, 1.25-2.00; P &lt; .001); among all DPP-4 inhibitors used in Korea, the highest aOR was associated with the use of vildagliptin (aOR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.31-2.50; P &lt; .001).	Vildagliptin	256-268	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	11-16
30123993-2	2019	Vildagliptin (VG), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor, is an anti-diabetic drug, which increases beta cell mass.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	21-44
31204117-0	2019	Effects of vildagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor, in elderly diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment.	Vildagliptin	11-23	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
31204117-4	2019	This retrospective study investigated the effect of vildagliptin, an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), on the cognitive functioning of elderly diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) documented at mini mental state examination (MMSE).	Vildagliptin	52-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	93-115
31204117-4	2019	This retrospective study investigated the effect of vildagliptin, an inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), on the cognitive functioning of elderly diabetic patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) documented at mini mental state examination (MMSE).	Vildagliptin	52-64	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	117-122
31336466-19	2019	Overall, amongst oral hypoglycemic agents, the combination of metformin and DPP4 inhibitors (Vildagliptin, Sitagliptin) was being prescribed majorly i.e 16.41%.	Vildagliptin	93-105	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	76-80
30123993-2	2019	Vildagliptin (VG), a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor, is an anti-diabetic drug, which increases beta cell mass.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	46-52
30333575-1	2018	This study aimed to investigate the potential of an oral formulation (QV formulation) containing Quercetin and a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor (DPP-4 inhibitor), Vildagliptin, in improving metabolic homeostasis in type 1 diabetes model.	Vildagliptin	165-177	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	147-152
29607626-0	2019	Drug fever and acute inflammation from hypercytokinemia triggered by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	102-114	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	69-91
29607626-1	2019	A 69-year-old man started taking the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin.	Vildagliptin	71-83	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	37-59
30372883-7	2018	Moreover, vildagliptin suppresses adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells and induction of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) in HAECs caused by high glucose.	Vildagliptin	10-22	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	94-114
30372883-7	2018	Moreover, vildagliptin suppresses adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells and induction of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) in HAECs caused by high glucose.	Vildagliptin	10-22	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	116-121
30372883-8	2018	Mechanistically, we found that the cellular protective effects mediated by vildagliptin involve suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) nuclear signals.	Vildagliptin	75-87	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	111-133
30372883-8	2018	Mechanistically, we found that the cellular protective effects mediated by vildagliptin involve suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) nuclear signals.	Vildagliptin	75-87	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	135-144
30405876-0	2018	Vildagliptin Attenuates Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via the TLR4/NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway.	Vildagliptin	0-12	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
30405876-3	2018	Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine whether pretreatment with vildagliptin (Vilda), a DPP4 inhibitor, produces hepatic protection against IR injury and to investigate its influence on TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling in a rat model.	Vildagliptin	73-85	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
30405876-10	2018	Vildagliptin showed for the first time a hepatoprotective effect in HIR injury through downregulation of TLR4/NF-kappaB/HMGB1 and caspase-3 hepatic expressions.	Vildagliptin	0-12	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
30405876-10	2018	Vildagliptin showed for the first time a hepatoprotective effect in HIR injury through downregulation of TLR4/NF-kappaB/HMGB1 and caspase-3 hepatic expressions.	Vildagliptin	0-12	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-125
30405876-10	2018	Vildagliptin showed for the first time a hepatoprotective effect in HIR injury through downregulation of TLR4/NF-kappaB/HMGB1 and caspase-3 hepatic expressions.	Vildagliptin	0-12	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	130-139
30172711-1	2018	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin (VG) is used to treat type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	45-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	4-26
30172711-1	2018	The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor vildagliptin (VG) is used to treat type 2 diabetes.	Vildagliptin	45-57	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	28-33
29606326-0	2018	Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, Vildagliptin, Improves Trabecular Bone Mineral Density and Microstructure in Obese, Insulin-Resistant, Pre-diabetic Rats.	Vildagliptin	34-46	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	0-22
29606326-4	2018	The present study aimed to investigate the effects of vildagliptin, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-4, on bone of rats with high-fat-diet-induced prediabetes.	Vildagliptin	54-66	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	84-106
30022232-3	2018	The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible neuroprotective effect of a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, independent of its anti-diabetic properties in non-diabetic rats subjected to cerebral ischemia.	Vildagliptin	112-124	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	78-100
30022232-9	2018	Moreover, vildagliptin reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), elevated reduced glutathione (GSH), phosphotylinosital 3 kinase (PI3K), phosphoryated of protein kinase B (p-AKT), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) brain contents in addition to reducing protein expression of caspase-3.	Vildagliptin	10-22	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	163-166
30022232-9	2018	Moreover, vildagliptin reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), elevated reduced glutathione (GSH), phosphotylinosital 3 kinase (PI3K), phosphoryated of protein kinase B (p-AKT), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) brain contents in addition to reducing protein expression of caspase-3.	Vildagliptin	10-22	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	173-204
30022232-9	2018	Moreover, vildagliptin reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), elevated reduced glutathione (GSH), phosphotylinosital 3 kinase (PI3K), phosphoryated of protein kinase B (p-AKT), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) brain contents in addition to reducing protein expression of caspase-3.	Vildagliptin	10-22	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	206-210
30022232-9	2018	Moreover, vildagliptin reduced malondialdehyde (MDA), elevated reduced glutathione (GSH), phosphotylinosital 3 kinase (PI3K), phosphoryated of protein kinase B (p-AKT), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) brain contents in addition to reducing protein expression of caspase-3.	Vildagliptin	10-22	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	273-282
30022232-11	2018	This study proves that vildagliptin exerted a neuroprotective effect in a dose-dependent manner as shown in the attenuation of the infarct area, neuronal cell loss, and histopathological damage in MCAO rats, which may be mediated by attenuating neuronal and motor deficits, its antioxidant property, activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and its anti-apoptotic effect.	Vildagliptin	23-35	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	323-326
30022232-11	2018	This study proves that vildagliptin exerted a neuroprotective effect in a dose-dependent manner as shown in the attenuation of the infarct area, neuronal cell loss, and histopathological damage in MCAO rats, which may be mediated by attenuating neuronal and motor deficits, its antioxidant property, activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and its anti-apoptotic effect.	Vildagliptin	23-35	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	327-331
30624566-12	2019	Subgroup analyses revealed a significant association in male patients (aOR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.39-2.63; P &lt; .001) and that vildagliptin was the most high-risk DPP-4 inhibitor (aOR, 2.70; 95% CI, 1.73-4.34; P &lt; .001).	Vildagliptin	123-135	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	159-164
30624566-14	2019	Of the DPP-4 inhibitors available in Korea, vildagliptin was associated with the highest risk, particularly in male patients.	Vildagliptin	44-56	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	7-12
30624566-15	2019	Practitioners should consider that DPP-4 inhibitors, particularly vildagliptin, may be associated with the development of BP in patients with diabetes.	Vildagliptin	66-78	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	35-40
30372883-6	2018	Vildagliptin potently suppresses high glucose-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of vascular inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1).	Vildagliptin	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	156-183
30372883-6	2018	Vildagliptin potently suppresses high glucose-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of vascular inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1).	Vildagliptin	0-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	185-194
30372883-6	2018	Vildagliptin potently suppresses high glucose-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of vascular inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1).	Vildagliptin	0-12	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	197-210
30372883-6	2018	Vildagliptin potently suppresses high glucose-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of vascular inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1).	Vildagliptin	0-12	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	212-216
30372883-6	2018	Vildagliptin potently suppresses high glucose-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of vascular inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1).	Vildagliptin	0-12	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	219-257
30372883-6	2018	Vildagliptin potently suppresses high glucose-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of vascular inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1).	Vildagliptin	0-12	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	259-265
30372883-6	2018	Vildagliptin potently suppresses high glucose-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of vascular inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1).	Vildagliptin	0-12	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	271-301
30372883-6	2018	Vildagliptin potently suppresses high glucose-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of vascular inflammatory factors including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-8 (IL-8), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1).	Vildagliptin	0-12	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	303-308
30557974-2	2018	While acute pancreatitis cases induced by saxagliptin, sitagliptin, and vildagliptin (all of which are members of the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 group) have been reported, there is no clear evidence suggesting that linagliptin may cause pancreatitis, and information in this regard is limited to a few studies.	Vildagliptin	72-84	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	118-140
31324081-1	2018	Objectives: To compare the safety and efficacy of combination of Glimepiride - Metformin with Vildagliptin - Metformin in type 2 diabetic patients with HbA1c between 7.5to10.	Vildagliptin	94-106	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	152-156
29679391-2	2018	In addition to anti-diabetic effects, the five most widely used DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin and alogliptin) also exert cardiovascular protective effects.	Vildagliptin	95-107	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	64-69
29444447-1	2018	AIM: We aimed to investigate the association of difference between observed and predicted glycated hemoglobin (dopHbA1c) and HbA1c reduction after vildagliptin-based oral therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).	Vildagliptin	147-159	hemoglobin subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	114-118
29498469-7	2018	CONCLUSION: Treatment with DPP-4 inhibition with vildagliptin results in 15% lower fasting and postprandial glucagon levels compared to SGLT-2 inhibition with dapagliflozin.	Vildagliptin	49-61	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	27-32
29274348-5	2018	DPP4is were associated with an increased risk for development of BP (adjusted odds ratio, 2.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-5.85; P = .02), with vildagliptin showing the highest adjusted odds ratio (3.57 [95% confidence interval, 1.07-11.84; P = .04]).	Vildagliptin	147-159	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
29274348-10	2018	CONCLUSIONS: DPP4is, especially vildagliptin, are associated with an increased risk for development of BP.	Vildagliptin	32-44	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
29797022-0	2018	The DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin impacts the gut microbiota and prevents disruption of intestinal homeostasis induced by a Western diet in mice.	Vildagliptin	20-32	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	4-9
29797022-3	2018	Our objective was to study the impact of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin on gut functions and the intestinal ecosystem in a murine model of obesity induced by a Western diet (WD).	Vildagliptin	61-73	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	45-50
29797022-11	2018	In the liver, the expression of immune cell populations (Cd3g and Cd11c [also known as Itgax]) and cytokines was decreased in the WD + vildagliptin-fed mice compared with the WD-fed group.	Vildagliptin	135-147	CD3 antigen, gamma polypeptide	Mus musculus	57-61
29797022-11	2018	In the liver, the expression of immune cell populations (Cd3g and Cd11c [also known as Itgax]) and cytokines was decreased in the WD + vildagliptin-fed mice compared with the WD-fed group.	Vildagliptin	135-147	integrin alpha X	Mus musculus	66-71
29797022-11	2018	In the liver, the expression of immune cell populations (Cd3g and Cd11c [also known as Itgax]) and cytokines was decreased in the WD + vildagliptin-fed mice compared with the WD-fed group.	Vildagliptin	135-147	integrin alpha X	Mus musculus	87-92
29805536-0	2018	Vildagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, alleviates diabetes-associated cognitive deficits by decreasing the levels of apoptosis-related proteins in the rat hippocampus.	Vildagliptin	0-12	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
29805536-2	2018	In the present study, a streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rat model was employed to investigate the effects of vildagliptin, a new oral hypoglycemic agent that acts by inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase-4, on diabetes-associated cognitive impairments, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved.	Vildagliptin	116-128	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Rattus norvegicus	184-206
29805536-5	2018	Vildagliptin treatment also reversed diabetes-induced decreases in phosphorylated (p)-protein kinase B (Akt) and p-glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor expression levels.	Vildagliptin	0-12	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-107
29805536-5	2018	Vildagliptin treatment also reversed diabetes-induced decreases in phosphorylated (p)-protein kinase B (Akt) and p-glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor expression levels.	Vildagliptin	0-12	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	147-155
29805536-5	2018	Vildagliptin treatment also reversed diabetes-induced decreases in phosphorylated (p)-protein kinase B (Akt) and p-glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), brain-derived neurotrophic factor and nerve growth factor expression levels.	Vildagliptin	0-12	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	158-191
29805536-6	2018	The results indicated that the administration of vildagliptin exerts a protective effect against cognitive deficits by decreasing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the hippocampus and that this protective effect was mediated via the Akt/GSK3beta signaling pathway.	Vildagliptin	49-61	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	247-250
29805536-6	2018	The results indicated that the administration of vildagliptin exerts a protective effect against cognitive deficits by decreasing the expression of apoptosis-related proteins in the hippocampus and that this protective effect was mediated via the Akt/GSK3beta signaling pathway.	Vildagliptin	49-61	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	251-259
29359260-8	2018	DPP-4 inhibitors have a controversial effect: saxagliptin and alogliptin may increase the risk of HF as opposed to vildagliptin and sitagliptin.	Vildagliptin	115-127	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
29409972-4	2018	Notably, genetic ablation of DPP4 or treatment with a DPP4 inhibitor (vildagliptin) prevented HFD-induced HCC.	Vildagliptin	70-82	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	54-58
29409972-5	2018	Moreover, HFD-induced DPP4 activity facilitated angiogenesis and cancer cell metastasis in vitro and in vivo, and vildagliptin prevented tumor progression by mediating the pro-angiogenic role of chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2).	Vildagliptin	114-126	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	215-219