PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text compound_name comp_offset prot_official_name organism prot_offset 24007817-10 2014 RESULTS: Plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha or interleukin 1beta levels increased significantly in the I/R group (P < 0.01 compared with sham group) and decreased significantly in the DEX group (P < 0.01 compared with I/R group). Dexmedetomidine 187-190 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 16-43 24007817-10 2014 RESULTS: Plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha or interleukin 1beta levels increased significantly in the I/R group (P < 0.01 compared with sham group) and decreased significantly in the DEX group (P < 0.01 compared with I/R group). Dexmedetomidine 187-190 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 47-64 24035379-0 2014 Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2a adrenergic agonist, promotes ischemic tolerance in a murine model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 20-28 24035379-1 2014 OBJECTIVE: Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2a adrenergic agonist, given pre- and postoperatively was previously shown to attenuate neuronal injury in a murine model of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 31-39 24035379-11 2014 CONCLUSIONS: Pretreatment with the alpha-2a agonist dexmedetomidine preserved neurologic function and attenuated neuronal injury following thoracic aortic occlusion in mice. Dexmedetomidine 52-67 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 35-43 24035379-13 2014 Thus, alpha-2a receptor agonism-induced CREB phosphorylation and contributes to dexmedetomidine"s protective mechanism in the spinal cord following ischemia. Dexmedetomidine 80-95 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 6-14 24035379-13 2014 Thus, alpha-2a receptor agonism-induced CREB phosphorylation and contributes to dexmedetomidine"s protective mechanism in the spinal cord following ischemia. Dexmedetomidine 80-95 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Mus musculus 40-44 25242406-7 2014 We found that dexmedetomidine alleviated Con A-induced liver injury by down-regulating levels of ALT and AST in blood and the severity of histopathology, which reflect the severity of hepatitis induced by Con A. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 97-100 25242406-7 2014 We found that dexmedetomidine alleviated Con A-induced liver injury by down-regulating levels of ALT and AST in blood and the severity of histopathology, which reflect the severity of hepatitis induced by Con A. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5 Mus musculus 105-108 25242406-9 2014 Dexmedetomidine restrained the phosphorylation of NF-kappaB IkappaBalpha and P-65 dramatically which may participate in the regulation of cytokines secretion. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 50-81 25242406-10 2014 Moreover, CXCL10 mRNA attenuated by dexmedetomidine in liver may result in the lower level of CD4(+) T cells infiltration in liver. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 Mus musculus 10-16 25242406-10 2014 Moreover, CXCL10 mRNA attenuated by dexmedetomidine in liver may result in the lower level of CD4(+) T cells infiltration in liver. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 CD4 antigen Mus musculus 94-97 24255662-12 2013 The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, TLR4 and MyD88 were decreased in the dexmedetomidine hydrochloride treatment groups compared with those in the sham control and untreated ischemia reperfusion groups. Dexmedetomidine 68-97 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 14-23 24255662-12 2013 The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, TLR4 and MyD88 were decreased in the dexmedetomidine hydrochloride treatment groups compared with those in the sham control and untreated ischemia reperfusion groups. Dexmedetomidine 68-97 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 25-29 24255662-12 2013 The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, TLR4 and MyD88 were decreased in the dexmedetomidine hydrochloride treatment groups compared with those in the sham control and untreated ischemia reperfusion groups. Dexmedetomidine 68-97 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 31-35 24255662-12 2013 The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, TLR4 and MyD88 were decreased in the dexmedetomidine hydrochloride treatment groups compared with those in the sham control and untreated ischemia reperfusion groups. Dexmedetomidine 68-97 MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor Homo sapiens 40-45 23927488-4 2013 In murine bone marrow-derived DCs, dexmedetomidine significantly delayed the intracellular proteolytic degradation of ovalbumin, while it did not affect phagocytosis, decreased the expression of the surface molecules I-A(b) and CD86, and suppressed cognitive helper T-cell proliferation. Dexmedetomidine 35-50 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene Mus musculus 118-127 24164876-5 2013 At 0.01-1.00 mumol/L dexmedetomidine hydrochloride concentration-dependently protected NR8383 cells from oxidative damage induced by H2O2, significantly increased the cell survival rate, decreased LDH and TNF-alpha release, and this effect of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride was dose-dependent. Dexmedetomidine 21-50 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 205-214 23873118-0 2013 Variation in the alpha(2A) adrenoceptor gene and the effect of dexmedetomidine on plasma insulin and glucose. Dexmedetomidine 63-78 insulin Homo sapiens 89-96 23873118-4 2013 We examined the hypotheses that the selective alpha(2A)R agonist, dexmedetomidine, decreases plasma insulin levels and increases plasma glucose levels in humans and that these effects are modified by genetic alpha(2A)AR variants. Dexmedetomidine 66-81 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 46-56 23873118-4 2013 We examined the hypotheses that the selective alpha(2A)R agonist, dexmedetomidine, decreases plasma insulin levels and increases plasma glucose levels in humans and that these effects are modified by genetic alpha(2A)AR variants. Dexmedetomidine 66-81 insulin Homo sapiens 100-107 23873118-8 2013 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine decreased fasting insulin concentrations by 37%, from a median value after placebo administration of 7.9 muU/ml (interquartile range: 6.0-12.6) to 4.9 muU/ml (interquartile range: 3.5-7.9; P<0.001). Dexmedetomidine 9-24 insulin Homo sapiens 43-50 23873118-10 2013 The rs2484516 variant allele was associated with higher baseline insulin concentrations before (P=0.001) and after adjustment for potential confounders (P=0.014) and a greater decrease in insulin concentration after dexmedetomidine administration (P=0.016), which was no longer significant after adjustment for baseline concentrations and other confounders (P=0.58). Dexmedetomidine 216-231 insulin Homo sapiens 65-72 23873118-10 2013 The rs2484516 variant allele was associated with higher baseline insulin concentrations before (P=0.001) and after adjustment for potential confounders (P=0.014) and a greater decrease in insulin concentration after dexmedetomidine administration (P=0.016), which was no longer significant after adjustment for baseline concentrations and other confounders (P=0.58). Dexmedetomidine 216-231 insulin Homo sapiens 188-195 23873118-11 2013 CONCLUSION: Low-dose dexmedetomidine decreased plasma insulin concentration and mildly increased plasma glucose concentration in healthy fasting individuals. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 insulin Homo sapiens 54-61 23873118-12 2013 The ADRA2A genetic variation may affect baseline insulin concentrations and thus the insulin decrease after dexmedetomidine administration. Dexmedetomidine 108-123 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 4-10 23873118-12 2013 The ADRA2A genetic variation may affect baseline insulin concentrations and thus the insulin decrease after dexmedetomidine administration. Dexmedetomidine 108-123 insulin Homo sapiens 49-56 23632050-3 2013 Dexmedetomidine has been reported to induce polyuria by suppressing vasopressin secretion and increasing permeability of the collecting ducts in a dose-dependent fashion. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 68-79 23759023-12 2013 Either dexmedetomidine or AG490 inhibited the phosphorylations of JAK2 and its downstream molecule STAT1 and STAT3, accompanied by down-regulation the expression of cleaved caspase 3, ICAM-1 and MCP-1 proteins, and significantly ameliorated renal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 7-22 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 23823816-13 2013 Finally, PLR-DeltaPP was positively correlated with changes in systolic blood pressure (PLR-DeltaSBP) (r(2) = 0.576; P < 0.001) and significantly correlated with dexmedetomidine infusion-induced changes in SBP (r(2) = 0.202; P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 165-180 selenium binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 97-100 23759023-12 2013 Either dexmedetomidine or AG490 inhibited the phosphorylations of JAK2 and its downstream molecule STAT1 and STAT3, accompanied by down-regulation the expression of cleaved caspase 3, ICAM-1 and MCP-1 proteins, and significantly ameliorated renal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 7-22 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Rattus norvegicus 99-104 23759023-12 2013 Either dexmedetomidine or AG490 inhibited the phosphorylations of JAK2 and its downstream molecule STAT1 and STAT3, accompanied by down-regulation the expression of cleaved caspase 3, ICAM-1 and MCP-1 proteins, and significantly ameliorated renal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 7-22 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 109-114 23759023-12 2013 Either dexmedetomidine or AG490 inhibited the phosphorylations of JAK2 and its downstream molecule STAT1 and STAT3, accompanied by down-regulation the expression of cleaved caspase 3, ICAM-1 and MCP-1 proteins, and significantly ameliorated renal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 7-22 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 184-190 23759023-12 2013 Either dexmedetomidine or AG490 inhibited the phosphorylations of JAK2 and its downstream molecule STAT1 and STAT3, accompanied by down-regulation the expression of cleaved caspase 3, ICAM-1 and MCP-1 proteins, and significantly ameliorated renal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 7-22 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 195-200 23607700-0 2013 Involvement of protein kinase B/Akt in analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine on neuropathic pain. Dexmedetomidine 59-74 protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta Homo sapiens 15-31 23582761-9 2013 According to our in vitro and in vivo results, dexmedetomidine shows anti-inflammatory effect by increasing IL-4 and IL-10 levels responsible from anti-inflammatory response via Th2 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 108-112 23582761-9 2013 According to our in vitro and in vivo results, dexmedetomidine shows anti-inflammatory effect by increasing IL-4 and IL-10 levels responsible from anti-inflammatory response via Th2 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 117-122 23582761-10 2013 Moreover, we showed for the first time in the study that dexmedetomidine administration reduces IL-23, which is responsible from initiation of inflammatory response via Th17 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 57-72 interleukin 23 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 96-101 25207098-2 2013 Dexmedetomidine is an alpha2 receptor agonist and its alpha2/alpha1 selectivity is 8 times higher than that of clonidine. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adrenoceptor alpha 1D Homo sapiens 54-67 23865328-11 2013 05); Bcl-2 protein quantity in hippocampus from control group((790+/-103)/mm2)was significantly lower than that in midazolam group((1187+/- 162)/mm2, P<0.05)and dexmedetomidine group((890+/-125)/mm2, P<0. Dexmedetomidine 164-179 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 5-10 23353792-0 2013 Neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine against glutamate agonist-induced neuronal cell death are related to increased astrocyte brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 brain derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 132-165 23353792-5 2013 The effect of dexmedetomidine on BDNF expression was examined in vivo and in vitro with cortical neuronal and astrocyte isolated cultures. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 brain derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 33-37 23353792-8 2013 Dexmedetomidine also enhanced Bdnf4 and Bdnf5 transcription and increased BDNF media concentration in isolated astrocyte cultures but not in neuronal cultures. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 brain derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 74-78 23353792-9 2013 Dexmedetomidine"s protective effect was inhibited with BDNF antibody (mean lesion size +- SD: 577 +- 148 mum vs. 1028 +- 213 mum, n = 14-20, P < 0.001) and PD098059 in vivo but not in isolated neuron cultures. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 brain derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 55-59 23353792-10 2013 Finally, PD098059 inhibited the increased release of BDNF induced by dexmedetomidine in astrocyte cultures. Dexmedetomidine 69-84 brain derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 53-57 23353792-11 2013 CONCLUSION: These results suggest that dexmedetomidine increased astrocyte expression of BDNF through an extracellular signal-regulated kinase-dependent pathway, inducing subsequent neuroprotective effects. Dexmedetomidine 39-54 brain derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 89-93 23607700-0 2013 Involvement of protein kinase B/Akt in analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine on neuropathic pain. Dexmedetomidine 59-74 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 23463181-1 2013 OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether dexmedetomidine provided protective effects on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mice, through suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interlukin-6 (IL-6)] and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Dexmedetomidine 35-50 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 203-230 23503673-0 2013 Dexmedetomidine ameliorates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced memory impairment by inhibiting apoptosis and enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in the rat hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 117-150 23503673-10 2013 Treatment with dexmedetomidine ameliorated the ICH-induced impairment of short-term and spatial learning memory by suppressing apoptosis and enhancing BDNF and TrkB expression. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 151-155 23503673-10 2013 Treatment with dexmedetomidine ameliorated the ICH-induced impairment of short-term and spatial learning memory by suppressing apoptosis and enhancing BDNF and TrkB expression. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 160-164 22939552-0 2013 Dexmedetomidine inhibits the secretion of high mobility group box 1 from lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 42-67 22939552-4 2013 In this study, we explored the effect of dexmedetomidine on the expression and secretion of HMGB1 from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. Dexmedetomidine 41-56 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 92-97 22939552-10 2013 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine inhibited the translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and its extracellular secretion in LPS-activated macrophages while suppressing the expression of HMGB1 mRNA. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 56-61 22939552-10 2013 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine inhibited the translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and its extracellular secretion in LPS-activated macrophages while suppressing the expression of HMGB1 mRNA. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 193-198 22939552-11 2013 Dexmedetomidine inhibited the translocation of NF-kappaB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in LPS-activated macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 47-56 22939552-13 2013 CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that dexmedetomidine inhibits the translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and the expression of HMGB1 mRNA at clinically relevant dosages. Dexmedetomidine 41-56 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 87-92 22939552-13 2013 CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that dexmedetomidine inhibits the translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and the expression of HMGB1 mRNA at clinically relevant dosages. Dexmedetomidine 41-56 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 149-154 23609293-14 2013 These effects of DEX also include an inhibitory effect on NFkappaB activation. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 58-66 23609293-16 2013 The mechanism for the suppressive effect of DEX on proinflammatory mediator production may be through the alpha2-adrenergic receptors and NFkappaB inhibition. Dexmedetomidine 44-47 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 138-146 23463181-1 2013 OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether dexmedetomidine provided protective effects on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mice, through suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interlukin-6 (IL-6)] and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Dexmedetomidine 35-50 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 232-241 23463181-1 2013 OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether dexmedetomidine provided protective effects on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mice, through suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interlukin-6 (IL-6)] and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Dexmedetomidine 35-50 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 272-297 23463181-1 2013 OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether dexmedetomidine provided protective effects on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic mice, through suppressing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interlukin-6 (IL-6)] and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Dexmedetomidine 35-50 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 299-304 23463181-5 2013 Serum concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-alpha decreased significantly in dexmedetomidine administration groups compared with the CLP group. Dexmedetomidine 70-85 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 33-42 23463181-6 2013 The levels of HMGB1 and lung HMGB1 mRNA were lower in the dexmedetomidine administration groups than in the CLP group. Dexmedetomidine 58-73 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 14-19 23463181-6 2013 The levels of HMGB1 and lung HMGB1 mRNA were lower in the dexmedetomidine administration groups than in the CLP group. Dexmedetomidine 58-73 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 29-34 23219579-0 2013 Both PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways participate in the protection by dexmedetomidine against transient focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Dexmedetomidine 67-82 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-13 23485735-0 2013 alpha2-Adrenergic agonists including xylazine and dexmedetomidine inhibit norepinephrine transporter function in SK-N-SH cells. Dexmedetomidine 50-65 solute carrier family 6 member 2 Homo sapiens 74-100 23240685-11 2013 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine administration during surgery reduced intraoperative and post-operative secretion of cytokines, as well as post-operative leukocyte count and CRP level. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 171-174 23219579-0 2013 Both PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways participate in the protection by dexmedetomidine against transient focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Dexmedetomidine 67-82 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 18-24 23219579-7 2013 The effect of Dex on p-Akt, p-ERK1/2 and p-GSK-3beta expression in the ischemic hemisphere was assayed by Western blot. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-26 23219579-7 2013 The effect of Dex on p-Akt, p-ERK1/2 and p-GSK-3beta expression in the ischemic hemisphere was assayed by Western blot. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 43-52 23219579-8 2013 Treatment of rats exposed to I/R with Dex caused not only marked reduction in the neurological deficit score, cerebral infarct volume, and brain edema (P <0.01 vs. I/R alone), but also a decrease in neuron death in hippocampal CA1 and cortex (P<0.01 vs. I/R alone). Dexmedetomidine 38-41 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 230-233 23219579-9 2013 The Dex-induced increment of neuron survival in the ischemic CA1 and cortex was diminished by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and the MEK inhibitor U0126. Dexmedetomidine 4-7 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 61-64 23219579-10 2013 The increasing expressions of p-Akt and p-ERK1/2 induced by Dex in the ischemic hemisphere were markedly inhibited by LY294002 (or wortmannin) and U0126 (or PD98059), respectively. Dexmedetomidine 60-63 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-35 23219579-10 2013 The increasing expressions of p-Akt and p-ERK1/2 induced by Dex in the ischemic hemisphere were markedly inhibited by LY294002 (or wortmannin) and U0126 (or PD98059), respectively. Dexmedetomidine 60-63 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 42-48 23219579-11 2013 The up-regulation of p-GSK-3beta by Dex in the ischemic hemisphere was significantly decreased by both LY294002 (or wortmannin) and U0126 (or PD98059). Dexmedetomidine 36-39 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 23-32 23219579-12 2013 Our data demonstrated that treatment with Dex reduced cerebral injury in rats exposed to transient focal I/R, and this was mediated by the activation of the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways as well the phosphorylation of downstream GSK-3beta. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 162-165 23219579-12 2013 Our data demonstrated that treatment with Dex reduced cerebral injury in rats exposed to transient focal I/R, and this was mediated by the activation of the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways as well the phosphorylation of downstream GSK-3beta. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 170-176 23219579-12 2013 Our data demonstrated that treatment with Dex reduced cerebral injury in rats exposed to transient focal I/R, and this was mediated by the activation of the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways as well the phosphorylation of downstream GSK-3beta. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 228-237 23354246-11 2013 Dexmedetomidine not only significantly modified hemodynamics and relieved the infiltration of inflammatory cells into alveolar spaces but also inhibited the plasma TNF-alpha and IL-1beta production as well as the lung NF-kappaB activation (p < 0.05, respectively). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 164-173 23354246-11 2013 Dexmedetomidine not only significantly modified hemodynamics and relieved the infiltration of inflammatory cells into alveolar spaces but also inhibited the plasma TNF-alpha and IL-1beta production as well as the lung NF-kappaB activation (p < 0.05, respectively). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 178-186 23261946-7 2013 It was observed that TOA and OSI values were significantly lower, while TAC and PON-1 values increased with dexmedetomidine treatment (p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 108-123 paraoxonase 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-85 24102571-1 2013 STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of dexmedetomidine on CBF in critical ill patients with or without TBI. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 CCAAT enhancer binding protein zeta Homo sapiens 61-64 24102571-7 2013 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine administration significantly decreased CBF in patients of the CON group (difference = 3.3 ml s(-1), 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92-5.7 ml s(-1), p = 0.008), without altering the CMRe and CMRe/CBF ratio. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 CCAAT enhancer binding protein zeta Homo sapiens 64-67 24102571-7 2013 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine administration significantly decreased CBF in patients of the CON group (difference = 3.3 ml s(-1), 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.92-5.7 ml s(-1), p = 0.008), without altering the CMRe and CMRe/CBF ratio. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 CCAAT enhancer binding protein zeta Homo sapiens 222-225 24102571-8 2013 The dexmedetomidine-induced change of CBF, CMRe and CMRe/CBF was not significant in the TBI group. Dexmedetomidine 4-19 CCAAT enhancer binding protein zeta Homo sapiens 38-41 24102571-8 2013 The dexmedetomidine-induced change of CBF, CMRe and CMRe/CBF was not significant in the TBI group. Dexmedetomidine 4-19 CCAAT enhancer binding protein zeta Homo sapiens 57-60 22824921-18 2013 DEX delayed postoperative rise in IL-10 but not in IL-6 or IL-8. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 34-39 22683080-8 2013 DEX at 10 and 100ng/mL significantly inhibited the release of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E(2), interleukin 1beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 96-113 22683080-8 2013 DEX at 10 and 100ng/mL significantly inhibited the release of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E(2), interleukin 1beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase messenger RNA. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 119-146 23690665-0 2013 Dexmedetomidine inhibits inflammatory reaction in lung tissues of septic rats by suppressing TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 93-97 23690665-11 2013 Dexmedetomidine (10 and 20 mug/kg) significantly decreased mortality and pulmonary inflammation of septic rats, as well as suppressed CLP-induced elevation of TNF- alpha and IL-6 and inhibited TLR4/MyD88 expression and NF-kappaB activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 159-169 23690665-11 2013 Dexmedetomidine (10 and 20 mug/kg) significantly decreased mortality and pulmonary inflammation of septic rats, as well as suppressed CLP-induced elevation of TNF- alpha and IL-6 and inhibited TLR4/MyD88 expression and NF-kappaB activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 174-178 23690665-11 2013 Dexmedetomidine (10 and 20 mug/kg) significantly decreased mortality and pulmonary inflammation of septic rats, as well as suppressed CLP-induced elevation of TNF- alpha and IL-6 and inhibited TLR4/MyD88 expression and NF-kappaB activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 193-197 23690665-11 2013 Dexmedetomidine (10 and 20 mug/kg) significantly decreased mortality and pulmonary inflammation of septic rats, as well as suppressed CLP-induced elevation of TNF- alpha and IL-6 and inhibited TLR4/MyD88 expression and NF-kappaB activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 198-203 23690665-12 2013 These results suggest that dexmedetomidine may decrease mortality and inhibit inflammatory reaction in lung tissues of septic rats by suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 146-150 23690665-12 2013 These results suggest that dexmedetomidine may decrease mortality and inhibit inflammatory reaction in lung tissues of septic rats by suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 151-156 23840096-5 2013 In summary, the present study demonstrated that DEX administration reduced IFN-r and IL-4 release and decreased lung injury during postpartum BMODS. Dexmedetomidine 48-51 interleukin 4 Rattus norvegicus 85-89 23095710-10 2013 CONCLUSION: A loading dose of dexmedetomidine of 1.0 microg kg(-1), not 0.5 microg kg(-1) or less, over 10 min followed by 0.5 microg kg(-1) h(-1) can definitely decrease the BIS under stepwise propofol TCI with clinically stable blood pressure and without respiration depression, while attention should be paid to decreased heart rate. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 latexin Homo sapiens 203-206 23409000-13 2013 Inhibition of spinal ERK1/2 signaling by intrathecal injection of DEX displayed a robust analgesia, via a alpha2-receptor dependent manner. Dexmedetomidine 66-69 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 21-27 23042227-0 2012 Hypnotic hypersensitivity to volatile anesthetics and dexmedetomidine in dopamine beta-hydroxylase knockout mice. Dexmedetomidine 54-69 dopamine beta hydroxylase Mus musculus 73-98 22933299-0 2012 alpha2-Adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine protects septic acute kidney injury through increasing BMP-7 and inhibiting HDAC2 and HDAC5. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 bone morphogenetic protein 7 Rattus norvegicus 99-104 22933299-0 2012 alpha2-Adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine protects septic acute kidney injury through increasing BMP-7 and inhibiting HDAC2 and HDAC5. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 histone deacetylase 2 Rattus norvegicus 120-125 22933299-0 2012 alpha2-Adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine protects septic acute kidney injury through increasing BMP-7 and inhibiting HDAC2 and HDAC5. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 histone deacetylase 5 Rattus norvegicus 130-135 22933299-5 2012 In vivo, mice were intraperitoneally injected with DEX (25 mug/kg) or saline immediately and 12 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 Mus musculus 133-136 22933299-8 2012 DEX treatment decreased the HDAC2, HDAC5, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1 expression, but increased BMP-7 and acetyl histone H3 expression, whose effects were blocked by yohimbine, an alpha(2)-AR antagonist. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 histone deacetylase 2 Rattus norvegicus 28-33 22933299-8 2012 DEX treatment decreased the HDAC2, HDAC5, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1 expression, but increased BMP-7 and acetyl histone H3 expression, whose effects were blocked by yohimbine, an alpha(2)-AR antagonist. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 histone deacetylase 5 Rattus norvegicus 35-40 22933299-8 2012 DEX treatment decreased the HDAC2, HDAC5, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1 expression, but increased BMP-7 and acetyl histone H3 expression, whose effects were blocked by yohimbine, an alpha(2)-AR antagonist. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 42-51 22933299-8 2012 DEX treatment decreased the HDAC2, HDAC5, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1 expression, but increased BMP-7 and acetyl histone H3 expression, whose effects were blocked by yohimbine, an alpha(2)-AR antagonist. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 57-62 22933299-8 2012 DEX treatment decreased the HDAC2, HDAC5, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1 expression, but increased BMP-7 and acetyl histone H3 expression, whose effects were blocked by yohimbine, an alpha(2)-AR antagonist. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 bone morphogenetic protein 7 Rattus norvegicus 89-94 22933299-9 2012 With DEX treatment, the LPS-induced TNF-alpha expression and cell death were attenuated in scRNAi-NRK52E but not BMP-7 RNAi-NRK52E cells. Dexmedetomidine 5-8 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 36-45 22933299-10 2012 In CLP mice, DEX treatment increased survival and attenuated AKI. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 Mus musculus 3-6 22933299-13 2012 DEX reduces sepsis-induced AKI by decreasing TNF-alpha and MCP-1 and increasing BMP-7, which is associated with decreasing HDAC2 and HDAC5, as well as increasing acetyl histone H3. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 45-54 22933299-13 2012 DEX reduces sepsis-induced AKI by decreasing TNF-alpha and MCP-1 and increasing BMP-7, which is associated with decreasing HDAC2 and HDAC5, as well as increasing acetyl histone H3. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 59-64 22933299-13 2012 DEX reduces sepsis-induced AKI by decreasing TNF-alpha and MCP-1 and increasing BMP-7, which is associated with decreasing HDAC2 and HDAC5, as well as increasing acetyl histone H3. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 bone morphogenetic protein 7 Rattus norvegicus 80-85 22933299-13 2012 DEX reduces sepsis-induced AKI by decreasing TNF-alpha and MCP-1 and increasing BMP-7, which is associated with decreasing HDAC2 and HDAC5, as well as increasing acetyl histone H3. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 histone deacetylase 2 Rattus norvegicus 123-128 22933299-13 2012 DEX reduces sepsis-induced AKI by decreasing TNF-alpha and MCP-1 and increasing BMP-7, which is associated with decreasing HDAC2 and HDAC5, as well as increasing acetyl histone H3. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 histone deacetylase 5 Rattus norvegicus 133-138 23042227-7 2012 Having shown that Dbh mice are hypersensitive to volatile anesthetics, we further demonstrate that their hypnotic hypersensitivity persists at multiple doses of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 161-176 dopamine beta hydroxylase Mus musculus 18-21 23042227-8 2012 Dbh mice exhibit up to 67% shorter latencies to loss of righting reflex and up to 545% longer durations of dexmedetomidine-induced general anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine 107-122 dopamine beta hydroxylase Mus musculus 0-3 22832266-0 2012 Attenuation of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury by specific alpha-2a receptor activation with dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 101-116 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 67-75 22832266-2 2012 Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha-2a agonist commonly used for sedation in the critical care setting, has been shown to have protective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injuries in multiple organ systems. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 29-37 22832266-3 2012 We hypothesized that treatment with dexmedetomidine would attenuate spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury via alpha-2a receptor activation. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 112-120 22832266-13 2012 In addition, the treated mice had preserved cytoarchitecture, decreased vacuolization, and improved neuronal viability compared with ischemic control mice and mice concurrently treated with atipamezole, the dexmedetomidine alpha-2a antagonist. Dexmedetomidine 207-222 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 223-231 22832266-14 2012 CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of mice with the alpha-2a agonist dexmedetomidine preserves motor function and neuronal viability after aortic cross-clamping. Dexmedetomidine 57-72 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 40-48 22832266-16 2012 Dexmedetomidine appears to attenuate spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury via alpha-2a receptor-mediated agonism. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 81-89 22832266-21 2012 We show that dexmedetomidine, a commonly used alpha-2a agonist in the operating room, can preserve neurologic function in mice after aortic cross-clamping. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 46-54 25624799-2 2012 We found that c-Fos expression in the rat spinal dorsal horn peaked at 7 hours following the 3.00 mug/kg dexmedetomidine injection, while the levels of c-Fos expression following 0.75 and 1.50 mug/kg dexmedetomidine were similar to those in the spinal dorsal horn of normal rats. Dexmedetomidine 105-120 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 14-19 22917606-6 2012 The combination of an ineffective dose of intrathecal dexmedetomidine with intraperitoneal donepezil, which is a cholinesterase inhibitor, decreased neuropathic hypersensitivity. Dexmedetomidine 54-69 butyrylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 113-127 25624799-6 2012 However, dexmedetomidine appears to have neurotoxic effects in the spinal cord because it increased c-Fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn within 7 hours following administration. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 100-105 22301064-5 2012 We also evaluated whether the antihyperalgesic effects of dexmedetomidine were associated with suppression of NMDAR excitability, as measured by a reduction in spinal cord NR2B phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 58-73 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 172-176 22271297-2 2012 Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) mediates an important route of dexmedetomidine metabolism, and genetic variation in CYP2A6 affects the clearance of other substrate drugs. Dexmedetomidine 60-75 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6 Homo sapiens 0-19 22271297-2 2012 Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) mediates an important route of dexmedetomidine metabolism, and genetic variation in CYP2A6 affects the clearance of other substrate drugs. Dexmedetomidine 60-75 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6 Homo sapiens 21-27 22271297-2 2012 Cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) mediates an important route of dexmedetomidine metabolism, and genetic variation in CYP2A6 affects the clearance of other substrate drugs. Dexmedetomidine 60-75 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6 Homo sapiens 113-119 22494498-6 2012 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine showed a protective effect on traumatically injured hippocampal cells with a maximum effect at a dosage of 1 muM. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 latexin Homo sapiens 134-137 22230708-9 2012 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning increased levels of phosphorylated Erk1/2, Akt and eNOS forms before ischemia/reperfusion; being significantly reversed by yohimbine in both models. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 67-73 22230708-9 2012 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning increased levels of phosphorylated Erk1/2, Akt and eNOS forms before ischemia/reperfusion; being significantly reversed by yohimbine in both models. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-78 22277719-6 2012 DEX significantly increased plasma glucose at 120 min, but reduced plasma insulin at 35 and 60 min. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 insulin Canis lupus familiaris 74-81 22417965-8 2012 Except malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase, all changes were improved by the administration of 5 mug kg(-1) h(-1) dexmedetomidine before ischemia (all P < 0.05 vs. Dexmedetomidine 118-133 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 27-42 22301064-8 2012 Correlated with the pain behavior changes, Western blotting experiments also revealed that dexmedetomidine could decrease NR2B subunit phosphorylation (Tyr1472 site) in the dorsal horn, which was upregulated after remifentanil infusion. Dexmedetomidine 91-106 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 122-126 22301064-10 2012 Our data also provide evidence that dexmedetomidine"s anti-hyperalgesic effect may depend on its ability to modulate spinal cord NMDAR activation via suppression of NR2B phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 165-169 22490962-0 2012 [Clonidine and dexmedetomidine"s effect on the altered expressions of growth associated protein-43 mRNA in rat dorsal root ganglion during the development of chronic neuropathic pain]. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 growth associated protein 43 Rattus norvegicus 70-98 21914443-8 2011 The inhibitory effect of dexmedetomidine on evoked glutamate release was abolished by blocking the Ca(v)2.2 (N-type) and Ca(v)2.1 (P/Q-type) channels, but was insensitive to the endoplasmic reticulum ryanodine receptors or mitochondrial Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A Rattus norvegicus 121-129 22150679-0 2012 Dexmedetomidine protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury through the I2 imidazoline receptor-PI3K/AKT pathway in rat C6 glioma cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 116-119 22150679-5 2012 Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide double stains showed that the protection of dexmedetomidine was mainly by an anti-apoptosis effect, which was also strengthened by decreasing caspase-3 expression. Dexmedetomidine 79-94 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 177-186 22150679-7 2012 On the other hand, dexmedetomidine enhanced AKT phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 19-34 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 44-47 22150679-8 2012 Furthermore, the protection of dexmedetomidine was blocked by the PI3K/AKT inhibitor wortmannin. Dexmedetomidine 31-46 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 71-74 22150679-9 2012 The proteins of HIF-1alpha, VEGF and RTP801 were significantly increased by dexmedetomidine treatment. Dexmedetomidine 76-91 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 16-26 22150679-9 2012 The proteins of HIF-1alpha, VEGF and RTP801 were significantly increased by dexmedetomidine treatment. Dexmedetomidine 76-91 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 28-32 22150679-9 2012 The proteins of HIF-1alpha, VEGF and RTP801 were significantly increased by dexmedetomidine treatment. Dexmedetomidine 76-91 DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 Rattus norvegicus 37-43 22150679-10 2012 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine activated the I2 imidazoline receptor-PI3K/AKT pathway, and up-regulated HIF-1alpha, VEGF and RTP801 expression to protect against OGD-induced injury in rat C6 cells. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 72-75 22150679-10 2012 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine activated the I2 imidazoline receptor-PI3K/AKT pathway, and up-regulated HIF-1alpha, VEGF and RTP801 expression to protect against OGD-induced injury in rat C6 cells. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 102-112 22150679-10 2012 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine activated the I2 imidazoline receptor-PI3K/AKT pathway, and up-regulated HIF-1alpha, VEGF and RTP801 expression to protect against OGD-induced injury in rat C6 cells. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 114-118 22150679-10 2012 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine activated the I2 imidazoline receptor-PI3K/AKT pathway, and up-regulated HIF-1alpha, VEGF and RTP801 expression to protect against OGD-induced injury in rat C6 cells. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 Rattus norvegicus 123-129 22400414-2 2011 We report the successful use of dexmedetomidine for sedation during bronchial thermoplasty, a new treatment for patients with severe persistent asthma refractory to inhaled corticosteroids and long-term beta-2 agonists. Dexmedetomidine 32-47 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 203-209 21914443-10 2011 Further, western blotting showed that dexmedetomidine decreased the 4-aminopyridine-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 and synapsin I, the main presynaptic target of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Dexmedetomidine 38-53 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 144-189 21914443-10 2011 Further, western blotting showed that dexmedetomidine decreased the 4-aminopyridine-induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 and synapsin I, the main presynaptic target of mitogen-activated protein kinase. Dexmedetomidine 38-53 synapsin I Rattus norvegicus 194-204 22092133-9 2011 Both pre- and post-treatment with dexmedetomidine markedly reduced lung edema and inflammatory response and lowered MPO activity and ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 116-119 22092133-9 2011 Both pre- and post-treatment with dexmedetomidine markedly reduced lung edema and inflammatory response and lowered MPO activity and ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 133-139 22092133-9 2011 Both pre- and post-treatment with dexmedetomidine markedly reduced lung edema and inflammatory response and lowered MPO activity and ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha mRNA expression. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 144-153 21596884-1 2011 BACKGROUND: We performed this study to determine how dexmedetomidine would affect regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and microregional O(2) consumption during nonhemorrhagic normovolemia and during severe hemorrhagic hypotension in rats. Dexmedetomidine 53-68 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta Rattus norvegicus 112-116 21861649-1 2011 Dexmedetomidine, a full agonist of the alpha2B-adrenoceptor that is mainly involved in vascular smooth muscle contraction, is primarily used for analgesia and sedation in intensive care units. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adrenoceptor alpha 2B Rattus norvegicus 39-59 21596884-10 2011 In normovolemia, dexmedetomidine significantly decreased rCBF (-58%) in the lateral cortex with a similar percentage decrease (-57%) of calculated O(2) consumption. Dexmedetomidine 17-32 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta Rattus norvegicus 57-61 21596884-13 2011 In contrast, in the lateral cortex of the dexmedetomidine-treated rats, the decrease of rCBF was not significant but there was a significant decrease in regional cerebrovascular resistance. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta Rattus norvegicus 88-92 21596884-15 2011 Despite significantly lower rCBF (-34%) in the dexmedetomidine-treated rats, the Svo(2) was similar between the normal saline-treated (42.8% +- 2.5%) and the dexmedetomidine-treated rats (43.2% +- 2.7%). Dexmedetomidine 47-62 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta Rattus norvegicus 28-32 21596884-16 2011 CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed that in normovolemia, dexmedetomidine produced a proportionate decrease of rCBF and O(2) consumption. Dexmedetomidine 51-66 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta Rattus norvegicus 104-108 21596884-18 2011 Dexmedetomidine prevented rCBF and O(2) consumption from decreasing after hemorrhage. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta Rattus norvegicus 26-30 21241763-0 2011 Effects of dexmedetomidine on the release of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor from rat astrocyte cells. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 45-88 21702944-8 2011 Consistent with this cytoprotection, dexmedetomidine reduced plasma high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB-1) elevation when given prior to or after kidney ischemia-reperfusion; pretreatment also decreased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in tubular cells. Dexmedetomidine 37-52 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 68-98 21702944-8 2011 Consistent with this cytoprotection, dexmedetomidine reduced plasma high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB-1) elevation when given prior to or after kidney ischemia-reperfusion; pretreatment also decreased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in tubular cells. Dexmedetomidine 37-52 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 100-106 21702944-8 2011 Consistent with this cytoprotection, dexmedetomidine reduced plasma high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB-1) elevation when given prior to or after kidney ischemia-reperfusion; pretreatment also decreased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in tubular cells. Dexmedetomidine 37-52 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 204-224 21702944-8 2011 Consistent with this cytoprotection, dexmedetomidine reduced plasma high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB-1) elevation when given prior to or after kidney ischemia-reperfusion; pretreatment also decreased toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in tubular cells. Dexmedetomidine 37-52 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 226-230 21702944-10 2011 CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that Dex likely activates cell survival signal pAKT via alpha2 adrenoceptors to reduce cell death and HMGB1 release and subsequently inhibits TLR4 signaling to provide reno-protection. Dexmedetomidine 35-38 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 132-137 21702944-10 2011 CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that Dex likely activates cell survival signal pAKT via alpha2 adrenoceptors to reduce cell death and HMGB1 release and subsequently inhibits TLR4 signaling to provide reno-protection. Dexmedetomidine 35-38 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 172-176 21738846-9 2011 The same concentrations of dexmedetomidine (10(-7), 10(-6) M) significantly enhanced vasopressin-induced contractions (P < 0.05 versus vasopressin-induced contraction). Dexmedetomidine 27-42 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 85-96 21738846-9 2011 The same concentrations of dexmedetomidine (10(-7), 10(-6) M) significantly enhanced vasopressin-induced contractions (P < 0.05 versus vasopressin-induced contraction). Dexmedetomidine 27-42 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 138-149 21738846-10 2011 Vasopressin produced concentration-dependent contractions and vasopressin (10(-10), 10(-9.5), 10(-9) M) also increased the intensity of dexmedetomidine (10(-7) M) induced contractions. Dexmedetomidine 136-151 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 0-11 21738846-10 2011 Vasopressin produced concentration-dependent contractions and vasopressin (10(-10), 10(-9.5), 10(-9) M) also increased the intensity of dexmedetomidine (10(-7) M) induced contractions. Dexmedetomidine 136-151 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 62-73 21764708-0 2011 [Effects of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride on ERK1/2 activation in a rat model of ventilator-induced lung injury]. Dexmedetomidine 12-41 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 45-51 21827441-8 2011 End-surgery renin levels in the dexmedetomidine group were significantly lower than the baseline levels in the control group. Dexmedetomidine 32-47 renin Homo sapiens 12-17 21827441-9 2011 CONCLUSION: In PCNL, an intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine was not found to have beneficial effects on CrCl, NGAL or cystatin C levels early after the procedure; however, it reduced renin levels. Dexmedetomidine 51-66 renin Homo sapiens 190-195 21488184-0 2011 c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase contributes to dexmedetomidine-induced contraction in isolated rat aortic smooth muscle. Dexmedetomidine 41-56 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 0-25 21488184-3 2011 The aims of this in vitro study were to identify mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) isoforms that are primarily involved in full, alpha2B-adrenoceptor agonist, dexmedetomidine-induced contraction of isolated rat aortic SMCs. Dexmedetomidine 165-180 adrenoceptor alpha 2B Rattus norvegicus 135-155 21488184-6 2011 Dexmedetomidine-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK in rat aortic SMCs was detected using Western blotting. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 43-46 21488184-6 2011 Dexmedetomidine-induced phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK in rat aortic SMCs was detected using Western blotting. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 48-51 21488184-10 2011 Dexmedetomidine induced phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK in rat aortic SMCs, but did not induce phosphorylation of ERK. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 43-46 21488184-11 2011 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves a JNK- and p38 MAPK-mediated pathway downstream of alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation in rat aortic SMCs. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 59-62 20501520-0 2011 Dexmedetomidine protects blood delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase from inactivation caused by hyperoxygenation in total intravenous anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 aminolevulinate dehydratase Homo sapiens 31-64 20501520-8 2011 This is the first demonstration that dexmedetomidine may protect blood delta-ALA-D from oxidation. Dexmedetomidine 37-52 aminolevulinate dehydratase Homo sapiens 71-82 21241763-8 2011 Interestingly, DEX also activated CREB phosphorylation, which was inhibited by Ro-318220, Go 697 and ERK kinase inhibitor PD98059. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-38 21241763-9 2011 Silencing CREB by siRNA decreased the DEX-stimulated GDNF release. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-14 21241763-9 2011 Silencing CREB by siRNA decreased the DEX-stimulated GDNF release. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 53-57 21241763-10 2011 In addition, the membrane translocation of PKCalpha was enhanced following DEX treatment. Dexmedetomidine 75-78 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 43-51 21241763-11 2011 Furthermore, we found that DEX stimulated GDNF release rescued neurons against OGD-induced neurotoxicity; this effect was partly abolished by GDNF antibody. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 42-46 21241763-11 2011 Furthermore, we found that DEX stimulated GDNF release rescued neurons against OGD-induced neurotoxicity; this effect was partly abolished by GDNF antibody. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 142-146 21241763-12 2011 Thus, through alpha2A adrenergic receptors, DEX may activate astrocytes, and promote GDNF release to protect neurons after stroke, and this signaling is possibly dependent on PKCalpha and CREB activation. Dexmedetomidine 44-47 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 85-89 21241763-12 2011 Thus, through alpha2A adrenergic receptors, DEX may activate astrocytes, and promote GDNF release to protect neurons after stroke, and this signaling is possibly dependent on PKCalpha and CREB activation. Dexmedetomidine 44-47 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 175-183 21241763-12 2011 Thus, through alpha2A adrenergic receptors, DEX may activate astrocytes, and promote GDNF release to protect neurons after stroke, and this signaling is possibly dependent on PKCalpha and CREB activation. Dexmedetomidine 44-47 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 188-192 21104443-0 2011 The role of the ADRA2A C1291G genetic polymorphism in response to dexmedetomidine on patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. Dexmedetomidine 66-81 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 16-22 21104443-5 2011 It was proven that dexmedetomidine shows its clinic effect via the alpha(2)-AR. Dexmedetomidine 19-34 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 67-78 21104443-7 2011 The aim of our study was to investigate the association between the effect of alpha(2A)-Adrenergic Receptor (ADRA2A) C-1291G gene polymorphism in the promoter region of the candidate gene and clinical effects (sedative and haemodynamics effects) of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 249-264 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 109-115 21104443-15 2011 The results of our study are promising, considering the association between ADRA2A polymorphism and response to dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 112-127 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 76-82 21104443-16 2011 However, further investigations on other ADRA2A locus or haplotypes might be useful to clarify the relation between this gene and dexmedetomidine activity. Dexmedetomidine 130-145 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 41-47 21385989-6 2011 In the current study, we examined the effect of propofol, midazolam, and dexmedetomidine on LFA-1/ICAM-1 binding, and the subsequent biological effects. Dexmedetomidine 73-88 integrin subunit alpha L Homo sapiens 92-97 21385989-6 2011 In the current study, we examined the effect of propofol, midazolam, and dexmedetomidine on LFA-1/ICAM-1 binding, and the subsequent biological effects. Dexmedetomidine 73-88 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 98-104 21325151-0 2011 Genetic variations in the alpha(2A)-adrenoreceptor are associated with blood pressure response to the agonist dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 110-125 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 26-50 21325151-3 2011 We examined whether ADRA2A variants are also associated with cardiovascular responses to the selective alpha(2)-AR-agonist dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 123-138 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 20-26 21325151-13 2011 CONCLUSIONS: Common ADRA2A variants are associated with the hypotensive response to dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 84-99 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 20-26 21241763-3 2011 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of DEX on GDNF release from astrocytes and the possible mechanisms involved. Dexmedetomidine 60-63 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 67-71 21241763-6 2011 Our results showed that DEX stimulated GDNF release in a time- and dose-dependent manner; and this stimulation was blocked by the alpha2-adrenoreceptor antagonist yohimbine, but not by alpha1-adrenoreceptor antagonist prasozin, demonstrating that DEX induced GDNF release likely acts via activating the alpha2A adrenoreceptor. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 39-43 21241763-6 2011 Our results showed that DEX stimulated GDNF release in a time- and dose-dependent manner; and this stimulation was blocked by the alpha2-adrenoreceptor antagonist yohimbine, but not by alpha1-adrenoreceptor antagonist prasozin, demonstrating that DEX induced GDNF release likely acts via activating the alpha2A adrenoreceptor. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 259-263 21241763-6 2011 Our results showed that DEX stimulated GDNF release in a time- and dose-dependent manner; and this stimulation was blocked by the alpha2-adrenoreceptor antagonist yohimbine, but not by alpha1-adrenoreceptor antagonist prasozin, demonstrating that DEX induced GDNF release likely acts via activating the alpha2A adrenoreceptor. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 303-325 21241763-6 2011 Our results showed that DEX stimulated GDNF release in a time- and dose-dependent manner; and this stimulation was blocked by the alpha2-adrenoreceptor antagonist yohimbine, but not by alpha1-adrenoreceptor antagonist prasozin, demonstrating that DEX induced GDNF release likely acts via activating the alpha2A adrenoreceptor. Dexmedetomidine 247-250 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 259-263 21241763-6 2011 Our results showed that DEX stimulated GDNF release in a time- and dose-dependent manner; and this stimulation was blocked by the alpha2-adrenoreceptor antagonist yohimbine, but not by alpha1-adrenoreceptor antagonist prasozin, demonstrating that DEX induced GDNF release likely acts via activating the alpha2A adrenoreceptor. Dexmedetomidine 247-250 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 303-325 21241763-7 2011 In addition, DEX-stimulated GDNF release was also blocked by the universal PKC inhibitor Ro-318220 and PKCalpha/beta inhibitor Go 6976, but not by PKCdelta inhibitor rottlerin and PKCbeta inhibitor LY333531. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 28-32 21241763-7 2011 In addition, DEX-stimulated GDNF release was also blocked by the universal PKC inhibitor Ro-318220 and PKCalpha/beta inhibitor Go 6976, but not by PKCdelta inhibitor rottlerin and PKCbeta inhibitor LY333531. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 75-78 21241763-7 2011 In addition, DEX-stimulated GDNF release was also blocked by the universal PKC inhibitor Ro-318220 and PKCalpha/beta inhibitor Go 6976, but not by PKCdelta inhibitor rottlerin and PKCbeta inhibitor LY333531. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 103-116 21241763-7 2011 In addition, DEX-stimulated GDNF release was also blocked by the universal PKC inhibitor Ro-318220 and PKCalpha/beta inhibitor Go 6976, but not by PKCdelta inhibitor rottlerin and PKCbeta inhibitor LY333531. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 protein kinase C, beta Rattus norvegicus 180-187 19423370-9 2010 RESULTS: ADRA2C Del homozygotes had higher pain scores in response to cold at baseline (6.3+/-1.8cm) and after dexmedetomidine (5.6+/-2.2cm) than insertion allele carriers (4.6+/-2.1cm [baseline] and 3.8+/-1.9cm [after dexmedetomidine]; adjusted P-values=0.019 and 0.004, respectively). Dexmedetomidine 111-126 adrenoceptor alpha 2C Homo sapiens 9-15 21054403-7 2010 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that systemic daily morphine enhances the analgesic effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine via up-regulation of the alpha2A, alpha2B and alpha2C AR in lumbar dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn. Dexmedetomidine 109-124 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 150-157 21054403-7 2010 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that systemic daily morphine enhances the analgesic effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine via up-regulation of the alpha2A, alpha2B and alpha2C AR in lumbar dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn. Dexmedetomidine 109-124 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2b Mus musculus 159-166 21054403-7 2010 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that systemic daily morphine enhances the analgesic effect of intrathecal dexmedetomidine via up-regulation of the alpha2A, alpha2B and alpha2C AR in lumbar dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn. Dexmedetomidine 109-124 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2c Mus musculus 171-181 20450946-8 2010 Using primary cell cultures we have found that dexmedetomidine, a specific alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor, induced shedding of HB-EGF from astrocytes, which in turn transactivated EGF receptors and stimulated astrocytic c-Fos and FosB expression. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 heparin binding EGF like growth factor Homo sapiens 125-131 20450946-8 2010 Using primary cell cultures we have found that dexmedetomidine, a specific alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor, induced shedding of HB-EGF from astrocytes, which in turn transactivated EGF receptors and stimulated astrocytic c-Fos and FosB expression. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 218-223 20450946-8 2010 Using primary cell cultures we have found that dexmedetomidine, a specific alpha(2)-adrenergic receptor, induced shedding of HB-EGF from astrocytes, which in turn transactivated EGF receptors and stimulated astrocytic c-Fos and FosB expression. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 228-232 20613480-7 2010 Spinal infusion of an antibody to BDNF reduced choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity in the spinal dorsal horn in both normal and SNL rats and abolished facilitation of KCl-evoked acetylcholine release by dexmedetomidine in SNL rats. Dexmedetomidine 210-225 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 34-38 20003127-9 2010 Dexmedetomidine inhibited isoflurane-induced caspase-3 expression (P<0.05), although the protection achieved did not completely attenuate the isoflurane injury (P<0.05 vs. air). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 45-54 20003127-10 2010 Isoflurane treatment decreased Bcl-2 and pERK protein expression relative to air, an effect reversed by dexmedetomidine treatment. Dexmedetomidine 104-119 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 31-36 20364156-8 2010 MA-induced up-regulation of GFAP expression on both sides of the spinal dorsal horn was significantly suppressed by day 5 post-MA following dexmedetomidine application, whereas MA-induced Iba-1 up-regulation was only partially suppressed. Dexmedetomidine 140-155 glial fibrillary acidic protein Rattus norvegicus 28-32 20098140-10 2010 Dexmedetomidine induced a postconditioning effect in the CA1 (but not dentate gyrus) subfield area, which was significantly reduced by modulators of the focal adhesion and the extracellular-regulated kinases pathways. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 carbonic anhydrase 1 Mus musculus 57-60 21602607-9 2011 In rats given dexmedetomidine, all of the investigated antioxidant parameters increased, except for catalase (CAT). Dexmedetomidine 14-29 catalase Rattus norvegicus 100-108 21602607-9 2011 In rats given dexmedetomidine, all of the investigated antioxidant parameters increased, except for catalase (CAT). Dexmedetomidine 14-29 catalase Rattus norvegicus 110-113 20626414-10 2010 The alpha(2A) -AR, essential for the antinociceptive effects of alpha(2) -AR agonists, was detected in spinal neurons and glia, as well as in dorsal root ganglion primary afferent neurons, which may be implicated in dexmedetomidine-induced suppression of spinal glial activation and antihyperalgesic effects. Dexmedetomidine 216-231 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 4-17 20864058-1 2010 OBJECTIVE: Dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination has been reported to mitigate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) upregulation in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 78-109 20864058-1 2010 OBJECTIVE: Dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination has been reported to mitigate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) upregulation in rats with hemorrhagic shock. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 111-115 19423370-9 2010 RESULTS: ADRA2C Del homozygotes had higher pain scores in response to cold at baseline (6.3+/-1.8cm) and after dexmedetomidine (5.6+/-2.2cm) than insertion allele carriers (4.6+/-2.1cm [baseline] and 3.8+/-1.9cm [after dexmedetomidine]; adjusted P-values=0.019 and 0.004, respectively). Dexmedetomidine 219-234 adrenoceptor alpha 2C Homo sapiens 9-15 19423370-12 2010 CONCLUSION: The common ADRA2C del322-325 variant affected pain perception before and after dexmedetomidine but did not affect other cognitive responses, suggesting that it contributes to interindividual variability in pain perception. Dexmedetomidine 91-106 adrenoceptor alpha 2C Homo sapiens 23-29 20051907-4 2010 METHODS: We measured sensitivity to a highly selective alpha2-AR agonist, dexmedetomidine, (0.01-1000 ng/min) in the dorsal hand vein in 41 healthy individuals. Dexmedetomidine 74-89 adrenoceptor alpha 2B Homo sapiens 55-64 20075530-5 2010 In the dexmedetomidine (DEX) group systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean arterial pressures (MAP) were lower at all times in comparison to baseline values; in the placebo (PLA) group SAP, DAP and MAP decreased after the induction of general anesthesia and five minutes after the intubation compared to baseline values. Dexmedetomidine 7-22 SH2 domain containing 1A Homo sapiens 45-48 19501623-9 2009 Our previous paper (see above) showed that dexmedetomidine evokes no ERK(1/2) phosphorylation in cultured neurons, but neurons respond to astrocyte-conditioned medium (and to EGF) with ERK(1/2) phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 43-58 epidermal growth factor Mus musculus 175-178 20075530-5 2010 In the dexmedetomidine (DEX) group systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean arterial pressures (MAP) were lower at all times in comparison to baseline values; in the placebo (PLA) group SAP, DAP and MAP decreased after the induction of general anesthesia and five minutes after the intubation compared to baseline values. Dexmedetomidine 7-22 death associated protein Homo sapiens 62-65 20075530-5 2010 In the dexmedetomidine (DEX) group systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean arterial pressures (MAP) were lower at all times in comparison to baseline values; in the placebo (PLA) group SAP, DAP and MAP decreased after the induction of general anesthesia and five minutes after the intubation compared to baseline values. Dexmedetomidine 7-22 death associated protein Homo sapiens 191-194 20075530-5 2010 In the dexmedetomidine (DEX) group systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean arterial pressures (MAP) were lower at all times in comparison to baseline values; in the placebo (PLA) group SAP, DAP and MAP decreased after the induction of general anesthesia and five minutes after the intubation compared to baseline values. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 SH2 domain containing 1A Homo sapiens 45-48 20075530-5 2010 In the dexmedetomidine (DEX) group systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean arterial pressures (MAP) were lower at all times in comparison to baseline values; in the placebo (PLA) group SAP, DAP and MAP decreased after the induction of general anesthesia and five minutes after the intubation compared to baseline values. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 death associated protein Homo sapiens 62-65 20075530-5 2010 In the dexmedetomidine (DEX) group systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean arterial pressures (MAP) were lower at all times in comparison to baseline values; in the placebo (PLA) group SAP, DAP and MAP decreased after the induction of general anesthesia and five minutes after the intubation compared to baseline values. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 SH2 domain containing 1A Homo sapiens 186-189 20075530-5 2010 In the dexmedetomidine (DEX) group systolic (SAP), diastolic (DAP) and mean arterial pressures (MAP) were lower at all times in comparison to baseline values; in the placebo (PLA) group SAP, DAP and MAP decreased after the induction of general anesthesia and five minutes after the intubation compared to baseline values. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 death associated protein Homo sapiens 191-194 19388884-11 2009 RESULTS: As compared with saline-treated rats, rats receiving dexmedetomidine plus lidocaine showed less than neurological deficit scores at 2 and 7 days after ischemia, and had less ischemic cells in the CA1 region. Dexmedetomidine 62-77 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 205-208 19608326-10 2009 Dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination, but not dexmedetomidine or ketamine alone, also significantly inhibited haemorrhagic shock-induced upregulation of pulmonary inflammatory molecules, including nitric oxide, prostaglandin E(2), chemokine (e.g., macrophage inflammatory protein-2), and cytokines [e.g., interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6]. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 248-281 19519725-6 2009 TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased with methylprednisolone (P=0.002, 0.002) and dexmedetomidine (P=0.002, 0.009) treatment, respectively. Dexmedetomidine 100-115 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 19608326-10 2009 Dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination, but not dexmedetomidine or ketamine alone, also significantly inhibited haemorrhagic shock-induced upregulation of pulmonary inflammatory molecules, including nitric oxide, prostaglandin E(2), chemokine (e.g., macrophage inflammatory protein-2), and cytokines [e.g., interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6]. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 305-327 19519725-6 2009 TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were significantly decreased with methylprednisolone (P=0.002, 0.002) and dexmedetomidine (P=0.002, 0.009) treatment, respectively. Dexmedetomidine 100-115 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 0-9 19608326-10 2009 Dexmedetomidine-ketamine combination, but not dexmedetomidine or ketamine alone, also significantly inhibited haemorrhagic shock-induced upregulation of pulmonary inflammatory molecules, including nitric oxide, prostaglandin E(2), chemokine (e.g., macrophage inflammatory protein-2), and cytokines [e.g., interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6]. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 333-337 19352168-10 2009 This neurocognitive deficit was prevented by administration of dexmedetomidine, which also inhibited isoflurane-induced caspase-3 expression in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures in vitro; however, gabazine did not modify this neuroapoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 63-78 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 120-129 19833271-7 2009 MAIN RESULTS: TNF-alpha levels were significantly lower at the 24th hour (14.66 +/- 4.40 pg/mL vs. 21.21 +/- 11.37 pg/mL, respectively) and at the 48th hour (21.25 +/- 15.85 pg/mL vs. 46.55 +/- 35.99 pg/mL, respectively) in Group D. IL-1 levels were significantly lower at the 24th hour (5.03 +/- 0.15 pg/mL vs. 6.23 +/- 2.09 pg/mL, respectively) and the 48th hour (5.01 +/- 0.37 pg/mL vs. 6.42 +/- 2.76 pg/mL, respectively) in Group D. IL-6 levels were significantly lower at the 24th hour (253.1 +/- 303.6 pg/mL and 511.3 +/- 374.8 pg/mL, respectively) and at the 48th hour (343.5 +/- 393.4 pg/mL and 503.7 +/- 306.4 pg/mL, respectively) in Group D. Intraabdominal pressure also was significantly lower at the 24th hour (12.35 +/- 5.84 mmHg vs. 18.1 +/- 2.84 mmHg, respectively) and the 48th hour (13.9 +/- 6.15 mmHg vs. 18.7 +/- 3.46 mmHg, respectively) in Group D. CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine infusion decreases TNF-a, IL-1, and IL-6 levels and IAP more than a propofol infusion. Dexmedetomidine 881-896 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 14-23 19833271-7 2009 MAIN RESULTS: TNF-alpha levels were significantly lower at the 24th hour (14.66 +/- 4.40 pg/mL vs. 21.21 +/- 11.37 pg/mL, respectively) and at the 48th hour (21.25 +/- 15.85 pg/mL vs. 46.55 +/- 35.99 pg/mL, respectively) in Group D. IL-1 levels were significantly lower at the 24th hour (5.03 +/- 0.15 pg/mL vs. 6.23 +/- 2.09 pg/mL, respectively) and the 48th hour (5.01 +/- 0.37 pg/mL vs. 6.42 +/- 2.76 pg/mL, respectively) in Group D. IL-6 levels were significantly lower at the 24th hour (253.1 +/- 303.6 pg/mL and 511.3 +/- 374.8 pg/mL, respectively) and at the 48th hour (343.5 +/- 393.4 pg/mL and 503.7 +/- 306.4 pg/mL, respectively) in Group D. Intraabdominal pressure also was significantly lower at the 24th hour (12.35 +/- 5.84 mmHg vs. 18.1 +/- 2.84 mmHg, respectively) and the 48th hour (13.9 +/- 6.15 mmHg vs. 18.7 +/- 3.46 mmHg, respectively) in Group D. CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine infusion decreases TNF-a, IL-1, and IL-6 levels and IAP more than a propofol infusion. Dexmedetomidine 881-896 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 14-19 19181340-6 2009 At 1 microM, dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited iNOS expression (up to 20.8% +/- 4.7%) and NO production (up to 26.2% +/- 6.8%). Dexmedetomidine 13-28 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 53-57 19181340-7 2009 In contrast, dexmedetomidine at 100 microM significantly enhanced iNOS expression (up to 31.5% +/- 7.5%) and NO production (up to 34.9% +/- 5.6%). Dexmedetomidine 13-28 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 66-70 19181340-8 2009 The effects of dexmedetomidine on COX-2 expression and the production of PGE2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 paralleled the effects of dexmedetomidine on iNOS. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 34-39 19181340-8 2009 The effects of dexmedetomidine on COX-2 expression and the production of PGE2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 paralleled the effects of dexmedetomidine on iNOS. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 90-98 19181340-8 2009 The effects of dexmedetomidine on COX-2 expression and the production of PGE2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 paralleled the effects of dexmedetomidine on iNOS. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 100-104 19181340-8 2009 The effects of dexmedetomidine on COX-2 expression and the production of PGE2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 paralleled the effects of dexmedetomidine on iNOS. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 110-115 19181340-8 2009 The effects of dexmedetomidine on COX-2 expression and the production of PGE2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 paralleled the effects of dexmedetomidine on iNOS. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 161-165 19181340-8 2009 The effects of dexmedetomidine on COX-2 expression and the production of PGE2, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 paralleled the effects of dexmedetomidine on iNOS. Dexmedetomidine 142-157 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 161-165 19212267-10 2009 RESULTS: Clonidine and dexmedetomidine interacted synergistically in all lines except the alpha2C AR knockout line, implicating alpha2C ARs in the interaction. Dexmedetomidine 23-38 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2c Mus musculus 90-100 18987056-0 2009 Effects of nitric oxide synthase inhibition on dexmedetomidine-induced vasoconstriction in healthy human volunteers. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 11-32 19691839-8 2009 While both sedatives reduced systemic levels of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha (P < 0.05); only dexmedetomidine reduced the IL-6 response to CLIP, though this narrowly missed achieving significance (P = 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 104-119 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 132-136 19691839-9 2009 Dexmedetomidine reduced splenic caspase-3 expression (P < 0.05), a marker of apoptosis, when compared to either midazolam or saline. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 32-41 19691839-11 2009 Possible benefits conveyed by one sedative regimen over another may become evident over a more prolonged time-course as both IL-6 and apoptosis were reduced by dexmedetomidine but not midazolam. Dexmedetomidine 160-175 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 125-129 18846040-3 2008 dexmedetomidine and ST-91 in the formalin behavioural model and their effects on primary afferent substance P (SP) release and spinal Fos activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 134-137 18724006-6 2008 Treatment with 100 ng/mL of dexmedetomidine significantly enhanced the activation of caspases-3/7, -8 and -9, and also markedly increased the number of neutrophils with decreased MTP. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 85-108 18846040-13 2008 On the other hand, both dexmedetomidine and morphine diminished the formalin-induced Fos activation. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 85-88 18846040-14 2008 The effect of dexmedetomidine on formalin-induced Fos activation was reversed by BRL44408, but not ARC239. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 50-53 18635472-0 2008 Dexmedetomidine enhances the local anesthetic action of lidocaine via an alpha-2A adrenoceptor. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 alpha-2A adrenergic receptor Cavia porcellus 73-94 18474681-3 2008 We have purified the N3- and N1-glucuronides of dexmedetomidine, termed DG1 and DG2, respectively, according to their elution order in liquid chromatography and determined their structure by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Dexmedetomidine 48-63 desmoglein 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 18474681-3 2008 We have purified the N3- and N1-glucuronides of dexmedetomidine, termed DG1 and DG2, respectively, according to their elution order in liquid chromatography and determined their structure by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Dexmedetomidine 48-63 desmocollin 2 Homo sapiens 80-83 18398347-3 2008 RESULTS: When injected intravenously (5 mug/kg) in wild-type mice, dexmedetomidine elicited a depressor response (60 +/- 4 to 34 +/- 1 mmHg, P < 0.05), but had no hypotensive effect in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) knockout mice (84 +/- 7 to 84 +/- 7 mmHg, P > 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 67-82 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 188-221 18554299-7 2008 The action of dexmedetomidine was mimicked by the alpha(2A)-adrenoceptor agonist oxymetazoline. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 50-72 18311185-0 2008 Signalling pathways for transactivation by dexmedetomidine of epidermal growth factor receptors in astrocytes and its paracrine effect on neurons. Dexmedetomidine 43-58 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 62-85 18311185-1 2008 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stimulation of astrocytes by the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine, a neuroprotective drug, transactivates epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. Dexmedetomidine 87-102 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 143-166 18311185-1 2008 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stimulation of astrocytes by the alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine, a neuroprotective drug, transactivates epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. Dexmedetomidine 87-102 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 168-171 18311185-7 2008 Dexmedetomidine-induced EGF receptor phosphorylation was prevented by AG 1478, GM 6001, PP1 and GF 109203X and its induction of cfos and fosB by AG 1478 and by U0126 (10 microM), an inhibitor of ERK phosphorylation, indicating downstream effects of ERK(1/2) phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 24-27 18311185-7 2008 Dexmedetomidine-induced EGF receptor phosphorylation was prevented by AG 1478, GM 6001, PP1 and GF 109203X and its induction of cfos and fosB by AG 1478 and by U0126 (10 microM), an inhibitor of ERK phosphorylation, indicating downstream effects of ERK(1/2) phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 neuropeptide Y receptor Y4 Homo sapiens 88-91 18311185-7 2008 Dexmedetomidine-induced EGF receptor phosphorylation was prevented by AG 1478, GM 6001, PP1 and GF 109203X and its induction of cfos and fosB by AG 1478 and by U0126 (10 microM), an inhibitor of ERK phosphorylation, indicating downstream effects of ERK(1/2) phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 FosB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 137-141 18311185-7 2008 Dexmedetomidine-induced EGF receptor phosphorylation was prevented by AG 1478, GM 6001, PP1 and GF 109203X and its induction of cfos and fosB by AG 1478 and by U0126 (10 microM), an inhibitor of ERK phosphorylation, indicating downstream effects of ERK(1/2) phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 249-256 18311185-8 2008 EGF and conditioned medium from dexmedetomidine-treated astrocytes, but not dexmedetomidine itself, induced ERK phosphorylation in primary cultures of cerebellar neurons. Dexmedetomidine 32-47 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 0-3 18071056-11 2008 There is large interindividual variability in response to the selective alpha(2)-AR agonist dexmedetomidine, and neither ethnicity nor ADRA2C and GNB3 genotypes contribute to it. Dexmedetomidine 92-107 adrenoceptor alpha 2C Homo sapiens 72-83 18156887-12 2008 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine impairs LTP in area CA1 of the mouse hippocampus via imidazoline type 2 receptors and alpha2-adrenoceptors. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 carbonic anhydrase 1 Mus musculus 48-51 17973897-8 2008 Either blockade or stimulation of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors with atipamezole and dexmedetomidine respectively, eliminated the up-regulating effect of stress on CYP1A2 benzo(alpha)pyrene-induced expression, while it enhanced MROD activity. Dexmedetomidine 78-93 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2 Rattus norvegicus 157-163 17692748-7 2007 Dexmedetomidine was effective in blocking these sympathomimetic actions of cocaine even in all 7 subjects who were homozygous for the Del322-325 polymorphism in the alpha2C AR, a loss-of-function mutation that is highly enriched in blacks. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adrenoceptor alpha 2C Homo sapiens 165-175 17905276-0 2007 Dexmedetomidine produces dual alpha2-adrenergic agonist and alpha1-adrenergic antagonist actions on human isolated internal mammary artery. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adrenoceptor alpha 1D Homo sapiens 60-66 17905276-11 2007 CONCLUSION: These data suggest that DEX causes contraction by activating alpha2-adrenoceptors at lower concentrations, but it may also activate alpha1-adrenoceptors at higher concentrations in IMA. Dexmedetomidine 36-39 adrenoceptor alpha 1D Homo sapiens 144-150 17905276-12 2007 The action of DEX on phenylephrine-induced contraction may be related to an alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonistic effect produced via partial alpha1-adrenoceptor agonistic action. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 adrenoceptor alpha 1D Homo sapiens 76-82 17905276-12 2007 The action of DEX on phenylephrine-induced contraction may be related to an alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonistic effect produced via partial alpha1-adrenoceptor agonistic action. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 adrenoceptor alpha 1D Homo sapiens 137-143 24692761-12 2007 SAP and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP) before anesthesia induction, 1 and 3 minutes after intubation, and DAP 1 minute after intubation were significantly lower in the DMED group than in the placebo group (all, P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 171-175 death associated protein Homo sapiens 109-114 17441447-4 2007 After hemodynamics were stabilized in ICU, DEX was infused at a rate of 0.3-0.5 microg x kg(-1) min(-1), following initial loading (0.5 microg x kg(-1) over 10 min). Dexmedetomidine 43-46 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 96-102 17441447-8 2007 After discontinuation of DEX, HR was significantly increased from 109 +/- 17 to 124 +/- 19 beats x min(-1) (mean +/- SD) (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 25-28 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 99-105 17126828-10 2007 These results demonstrate an additive interaction between topical COX-2 inhibitors with intraperitoneal dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 104-119 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 66-71 17056959-1 2006 The pharmacologic profile of the alpha-2 agonist dexmedetomidine (Dex) suggests that it may be an ideal sedative drug for deep brain stimulator (DBS) implantation. Dexmedetomidine 49-64 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 33-40 17056959-1 2006 The pharmacologic profile of the alpha-2 agonist dexmedetomidine (Dex) suggests that it may be an ideal sedative drug for deep brain stimulator (DBS) implantation. Dexmedetomidine 66-69 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 33-40 16249671-0 2005 Effects of dexmedetomidine on hippocampal focal adhesion kinase tyrosine phosphorylation in physiologic and ischemic conditions. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 42-63 16510159-6 2006 In particular, central catecholamine depletion, dexmedetomidine-induced inhibition of noradrenaline release and blockade of alpha(1)-adrenoceptors with prazosin, up-regulated CYP1A2 expression. Dexmedetomidine 48-63 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 Homo sapiens 175-181 16428542-0 2006 The effects of dexmedetomidine on perinatal excitotoxic brain injury are mediated by the alpha2A-adrenoceptor subtype. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 89-109 16249671-3 2005 The authors hypothesized that dexmedetomidine increases the expression of active (autophosphorylated) focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase playing a pivotal role in cellular plasticity and survival. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 102-123 16249671-3 2005 The authors hypothesized that dexmedetomidine increases the expression of active (autophosphorylated) focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase playing a pivotal role in cellular plasticity and survival. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 125-128 16249671-5 2005 METHODS: The effects of dexmedetomidine on phospho-tyrosine FAK phosphorylation were studied first with or without various pharmacologic agents in normoxic conditions, and second in a model of pharmacologic preconditioning of slices subjected to 30 min of OGD followed by 1 h of reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 60-63 16249671-8 2005 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine produced a dose-related increase in FAK phosphorylation (187 +/- 4%, mean +/- SD, from basal level, EC50 = 0.2 microm; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.5 microm). Dexmedetomidine 9-24 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 61-64 16249671-13 2005 In OGD conditions, a preconditioning application of dexmedetomidine (0.2 microm, 20-min application, 3 h before anoxia) significantly reduced neuronal death and cleaved caspase-3 expression and significantly attenuated the decrease in phosphorylated FAK content. Dexmedetomidine 52-67 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 169-178 16249671-13 2005 In OGD conditions, a preconditioning application of dexmedetomidine (0.2 microm, 20-min application, 3 h before anoxia) significantly reduced neuronal death and cleaved caspase-3 expression and significantly attenuated the decrease in phosphorylated FAK content. Dexmedetomidine 52-67 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 250-253 16249671-14 2005 The dexmedetomidine-induced reduction in caspase-3 expression was significantly decreased by the Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2. Dexmedetomidine 4-19 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 41-50 16249671-16 2005 Increase in phosphorylation of FAK via stimulation of alpha2 adrenoceptors and decrease in cleaved caspase-3 expression correlate with dexmedetomidine-induced cell survival. Dexmedetomidine 135-150 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 31-34 16249671-16 2005 Increase in phosphorylation of FAK via stimulation of alpha2 adrenoceptors and decrease in cleaved caspase-3 expression correlate with dexmedetomidine-induced cell survival. Dexmedetomidine 135-150 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 99-108 15864122-7 2005 Their vascular sensitivity was determined using a linear variable differential transformer following the infusion of increasing doses (range 0.01-1000 ng/min) of the alpha2-AR agonist, dexmedetomidine, into a dorsal hand vein. Dexmedetomidine 185-200 adrenoceptor alpha 2B Homo sapiens 166-175 15725316-6 2005 Following the failure of other agents (chloral hydrate and/or midazolam), dexmedetomidine was administered as a loading dose of 0.3-1.0 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) over 5-10 min followed by an infusion of 0.5-1.0 microg x kg(-1) x h(-1). Dexmedetomidine 74-89 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 154-160 15627480-8 2005 Both, reduced noradrenaline release in central nervous system induced with dexmedetomidine and central catecholamine depletion, as well as blockade of central alpha1-adrenoceptors induced with prazosin, all were associated with up-regulation of CYP1A1 expression. Dexmedetomidine 75-90 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 245-251 16237949-6 2005 Following subcutaneous inoculation of EL4 T-cell lymphoma cells, dexmedetomidine further decreased the splenic Th1/Th2 ratio and activity of EL4-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Dexmedetomidine 65-80 epilepsy 4 Mus musculus 38-41 16237949-6 2005 Following subcutaneous inoculation of EL4 T-cell lymphoma cells, dexmedetomidine further decreased the splenic Th1/Th2 ratio and activity of EL4-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Dexmedetomidine 65-80 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 111-114 16237949-6 2005 Following subcutaneous inoculation of EL4 T-cell lymphoma cells, dexmedetomidine further decreased the splenic Th1/Th2 ratio and activity of EL4-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Dexmedetomidine 65-80 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 115-118 16237949-6 2005 Following subcutaneous inoculation of EL4 T-cell lymphoma cells, dexmedetomidine further decreased the splenic Th1/Th2 ratio and activity of EL4-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Dexmedetomidine 65-80 epilepsy 4 Mus musculus 141-144 16237949-7 2005 Finally, treatment with dexmedetomidine accelerated EL4 growth in mice. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 epilepsy 4 Mus musculus 52-55 16237949-8 2005 These data show that treatment of mice with subhypnotic doses of dexmedetomidine down-regulates antitumor immunity, possibly through the decreased production of IL-12 from antigen presenting cells, resulting in a Th2 shift and decreased CTL activity against EL4 in mice. Dexmedetomidine 65-80 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 213-216 16237949-8 2005 These data show that treatment of mice with subhypnotic doses of dexmedetomidine down-regulates antitumor immunity, possibly through the decreased production of IL-12 from antigen presenting cells, resulting in a Th2 shift and decreased CTL activity against EL4 in mice. Dexmedetomidine 65-80 epilepsy 4 Mus musculus 258-261 15464093-0 2004 Dexmedetomidine produces its neuroprotective effect via the alpha 2A-adrenoceptor subtype. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 60-81 15464093-1 2004 Which of the three alpha2-adrenoceptor subtypes of alpha2A, alpha2B, or alpha2C mediates the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine was examined in cell culture as well as in an in vivo model of neonatal asphyxia. Dexmedetomidine 119-134 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 51-58 15464093-1 2004 Which of the three alpha2-adrenoceptor subtypes of alpha2A, alpha2B, or alpha2C mediates the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine was examined in cell culture as well as in an in vivo model of neonatal asphyxia. Dexmedetomidine 119-134 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2b Mus musculus 60-67 15464093-1 2004 Which of the three alpha2-adrenoceptor subtypes of alpha2A, alpha2B, or alpha2C mediates the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine was examined in cell culture as well as in an in vivo model of neonatal asphyxia. Dexmedetomidine 119-134 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2c Mus musculus 72-79 15464093-2 2004 Dexmedetomidine dose-dependently attenuated neuronal injury (IC50=83+/-1 nM) in neuronal-glial co-cultures derived from wild-type mice; contrastingly, dexmedetomidine did not exert neuroprotection in injured cells from transgenic mice (D79N) expressing dysfunctional alpha2A-adrenoceptors. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 267-274 15464093-7 2004 Protection by dexmedetomidine against hypoxic-ischemic-induced brain matter loss was reversed by the alpha2A-adrenoceptor subtype-preferring antagonist BRL44408; neither ARC239 nor rauwolscine reversed the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine in vivo. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 101-121 15464093-8 2004 Our data suggest that the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine is mediated by activation of the alpha2A adrenergic receptor subtype. Dexmedetomidine 52-67 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 101-128 15358239-5 2004 The agonist UK 14,304 had a subtype-specific high efficacy at alpha2A-AR and dexmedetomidine at alpha2B-AR. Dexmedetomidine 77-92 adrenoceptor alpha 2B Homo sapiens 96-106 15039766-6 2004 The interaction of D-amphetamine (D-amph) and the alpha2-AR-noradrenergic neuronal system in modulating startle reactivity and in regulating brain monoamine metabolism was assessed as the behavioral and neurochemical responses to D-amph alone, or to the combination of D-amph and dexmedetomidine or atipamezole. Dexmedetomidine 280-295 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 50-59 15039766-10 2004 alpha2A-AR also appeared to be responsible for the startle-modulating effects of alpha2-AR drugs, since the startle attenuation after the alpha2-AR agonist dexmedetomidine was absent in alpha2A-KO mice, and the alpha2-AR antagonist atipamezole had opposite effects on the startle reflex in alpha2A-KO and WT mice. Dexmedetomidine 156-171 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 0-10 15039766-10 2004 alpha2A-AR also appeared to be responsible for the startle-modulating effects of alpha2-AR drugs, since the startle attenuation after the alpha2-AR agonist dexmedetomidine was absent in alpha2A-KO mice, and the alpha2-AR antagonist atipamezole had opposite effects on the startle reflex in alpha2A-KO and WT mice. Dexmedetomidine 156-171 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 81-90 12749994-0 2003 The effects of dexmedetomidine and halothane on Fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn using a rat postoperative pain model. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 48-51 15187514-14 2004 Hypotension and increases in plasma cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6) concentrations and infiltration of neutrophils in the airspace or vessel walls of the lungs were less in the dexmedetomidine-endotoxin group than in the endotoxemic group. Dexmedetomidine 202-217 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 46-73 15187514-14 2004 Hypotension and increases in plasma cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6) concentrations and infiltration of neutrophils in the airspace or vessel walls of the lungs were less in the dexmedetomidine-endotoxin group than in the endotoxemic group. Dexmedetomidine 202-217 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 78-91 19475294-9 2003 RESULTS: SBP and DBP variations were higher in the dexmedetomidine group in M4 and M5. Dexmedetomidine 51-66 selenium binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 19475294-9 2003 RESULTS: SBP and DBP variations were higher in the dexmedetomidine group in M4 and M5. Dexmedetomidine 51-66 D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor Homo sapiens 17-20 12834899-7 2003 Peak increases of ERK(1/2) phosphorylation occurred at 50 nM dexmedetomidine, with less effect at higher concentrations. Dexmedetomidine 61-76 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 18-25 15087625-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Nitrous oxide and dexmedetomidine are thought to mediate analgesia (antinociception in a noncommunicative organism) via alpha 2B- and alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor subtypes within the spinal cord, respectively. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 adrenoceptor alpha 2B Rattus norvegicus 132-174 15087625-11 2004 Prazosin, the alpha 1-/alpha 2B-adrenoceptor antagonist, attenuated the analgesic effect of nitrous oxide and prevented dexmedetomidine-induced reversal of tolerance to nitrous oxide. Dexmedetomidine 120-135 adrenoceptor alpha 2B Rattus norvegicus 14-44 12749994-1 2003 We investigated the effect of an intrathecal injection of a selective alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist, dexmedetomidine (Dex), and halothane anesthesia on Fos expression in the lumbar spinal dorsal horn after skin incision of the plantar surface of the hind paw, a postoperative pain model using rats. Dexmedetomidine 106-121 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 157-160 12749994-1 2003 We investigated the effect of an intrathecal injection of a selective alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist, dexmedetomidine (Dex), and halothane anesthesia on Fos expression in the lumbar spinal dorsal horn after skin incision of the plantar surface of the hind paw, a postoperative pain model using rats. Dexmedetomidine 123-126 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 157-160 12749994-4 2003 Preoperative spinal Dex (0.1-10 microg) dose-dependently reduced Fos immunoreactivity, while a relatively high dose of Dex (10 microg) was necessary to produce a profound effect. Dexmedetomidine 20-23 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 65-68 12749994-5 2003 When used with halothane anesthesia, relatively low doses of Dex (1-3 microg) completely suppressed Fos induction in the superficial spinal layers. Dexmedetomidine 61-64 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 100-103 12538207-8 2003 In animals treated with dexmedetomidine, the expression of Bcl-2 and Mdm-2 was larger compared with control (68% and 210%, respectively) or sham-operated (110% and 180%, respectively) animals. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 MDM2 proto-oncogene Rattus norvegicus 69-74 12726820-4 2003 Dexmedetomidine caused profound hypothermia (up to 14.7 degrees C mean reduction in rectal temperature) and locomotor inhibition in WT mice, and inhibited the turnover of NA, 5-HT and DA, but increased NA turnover in alpha(2A)-KO mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 217-225 12538207-7 2003 After cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, the relative protein concentration of Bax was increased by 110% in control animals compared with the dexmedetomidine- and S(+)-ketamine-treated rats and by 140% compared with the sham-operated animals. Dexmedetomidine 138-153 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 75-78 12538207-8 2003 In animals treated with dexmedetomidine, the expression of Bcl-2 and Mdm-2 was larger compared with control (68% and 210%, respectively) or sham-operated (110% and 180%, respectively) animals. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 59-64 12552203-4 2003 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine induced a qualitatively similar pattern of c-Fos expression in rats as seen during normal NREM sleep, a decrease in the locus ceruleus (LC) and tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN) and an increase in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO). Dexmedetomidine 9-24 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 68-73 19475263-1 2003 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dexmedetomidine is a new alpha2-adrenergic agonist with a selectivity ratio of 1600:1 (alpha2:alpha1). Dexmedetomidine 27-42 adrenoceptor alpha 1D Homo sapiens 114-128 11891218-2 2002 Treatment of LLC-PK1-alpha(2B) with UK14304 or dexmedetomidine caused arachidonic acid (AA) release and ERK2 phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 pyruvate kinase L/R Rattus norvegicus 17-20 12081658-6 2002 However, the effect of dexmedetomidine on noradrenaline release was attenuated in the alpha2A-adrenoceptor knockout mice, whereas the effect on dopamine release did not differ between the genotypes. Dexmedetomidine 23-38 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 86-106 11891218-2 2002 Treatment of LLC-PK1-alpha(2B) with UK14304 or dexmedetomidine caused arachidonic acid (AA) release and ERK2 phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 mitogen activated protein kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 104-108 11575340-4 2001 An ACTH stimulation test was performed in all patients who received dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 68-83 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 3-7 11934705-5 2002 In both cell types, the alpha(2B)-AR is coupled to G protein, and its stimulation by dexmedetomidine, but not by UK-14304, provoked a significant inhibition of the accumulation of cAMP induced by forskolin or parathyroid hormone. Dexmedetomidine 85-100 adrenoceptor alpha 2B Rattus norvegicus 24-36 11397572-2 2001 This study showed that diffusion controlled the release of dexmedetomidine from silica xerogel prepared between pH 1 and pH 5. Dexmedetomidine 59-74 alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase Homo sapiens 112-116 11575340-8 2001 The insulin concentration was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group at 2 h (P=0.021), although this did not affect blood glucose concentrations. Dexmedetomidine 57-72 insulin Homo sapiens 4-11 11575340-9 2001 Growth hormone concentrations were significantly higher in dexmedetomidine-treated patients overall (P=0.036), but circulating concentrations remained in the physiological range. Dexmedetomidine 59-74 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 11575340-10 2001 Interleukin 6 decreased in the dexmedetomidine group. Dexmedetomidine 31-46 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 0-13 11309255-5 2001 We also examined the antinociceptive effect produced by the alpha(2) AR agonist dexmedetomidine in nerve-injured mice. Dexmedetomidine 80-95 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 60-71 11309255-9 2001 Dexmedetomidine reversed the allodynia at a low dose (3 microg kg(-1), s.c.) and produced antinociceptive effects at higher doses (10 - 30 microg kg(-1)) in all groups except in alpha(2A) AR mutant mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 178-190 11309255-10 2001 The effect of dexmedetomidine was reversed by intrathecal, but not systemic, injection of the alpha(2) AR antagonist RS 42206. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 94-105 11309255-11 2001 These results suggest that neither alpha(2A), alpha(2B) nor alpha(2C) AR is required for the development of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve injury, however, the spinal alpha(2A) AR is essential for the antinociceptive effects of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 237-252 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 176-188 10704751-0 2000 Diminution of N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced perturbation of neurotransmission by dexmedetomidine in the CA1 field of rat hippocampus in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 80-95 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 103-106 10930558-2 2000 The concentration dependence is biphasic and identical to that previously described for dexmedetomidine"s effect on free cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in astrocytes, and both effects are exerted on the alpha(2A) subtype of the alpha(2) receptor, suggesting a Ca(2+)-mediated effect. Dexmedetomidine 88-103 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 218-226 9692731-9 1998 Dexmedetomidine inhibited D-amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion and the L-5-hydroxytryptophan-induced serotonin syndrome, but the inhibition was attenuated in mice lacking alpha2C-adrenoceptors. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2c Mus musculus 172-179 10385696-8 1999 The nonsubtype-selective alpha2 agonist dexmedetomidine completely blocked the contractile response to electrical stimulation in vas deferens from alpha2B-AR knockout, alpha2C-AR knockout, alpha2AD79N mutant, and WT mice. Dexmedetomidine 40-55 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2b Mus musculus 147-157 10385696-8 1999 The nonsubtype-selective alpha2 agonist dexmedetomidine completely blocked the contractile response to electrical stimulation in vas deferens from alpha2B-AR knockout, alpha2C-AR knockout, alpha2AD79N mutant, and WT mice. Dexmedetomidine 40-55 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2c Mus musculus 168-178 9692731-10 1998 However, the head twitches induced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan were effectively inhibited by dexmedetomidine in all studied mice, which suggests that alpha2A-adrenoceptors mediate the inhibition of the head twitch response. Dexmedetomidine 90-105 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 147-154 9605427-7 1998 The rank order of agonist potency for selected compounds at the human receptors (with intrinsic activity compared with NE, defined as 1.0) was: alpha2a: Dexmedetomidine (0.73) > guanabenz (0.38) > UK-14304 (1.02) > clonidine (0.32) > ST-91 (0.63) > NE (1.00). Dexmedetomidine 153-168 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 144-151 9750005-0 1998 Actions of alpha2 adrenoceptor ligands at alpha2A and 5-HT1A receptors: the antagonist, atipamezole, and the agonist, dexmedetomidine, are highly selective for alpha2A adrenoceptors. Dexmedetomidine 118-133 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A Homo sapiens 42-70 9750005-15 1998 Nevertheless, both atipamezole and DMT were highly selective for both rat and human alpha2A versus rat or human 5-HT1A receptors. Dexmedetomidine 35-38 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A Homo sapiens 112-118 9421280-8 1997 Conversely, in the alpha2B AR and alpha2C AR knock-outs, Dex produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect that was not significantly different from that observed in WT controls, with ED50 values of 85.9+/-15.0 (P>0.05 vs WT control) and 226.0+/-62.7 (P>0.05 vs WT control) microg kg(-1) i.p., respectively. Dexmedetomidine 57-60 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2b Mus musculus 19-29 9421280-8 1997 Conversely, in the alpha2B AR and alpha2C AR knock-outs, Dex produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect that was not significantly different from that observed in WT controls, with ED50 values of 85.9+/-15.0 (P>0.05 vs WT control) and 226.0+/-62.7 (P>0.05 vs WT control) microg kg(-1) i.p., respectively. Dexmedetomidine 57-60 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2c Mus musculus 34-44 9421280-14 1997 In the alpha2B AR and alpha2C AR knock-out mice, Dex produced a dose-dependent reduction in spontaneous locomotor activity with ED50 values of 29.1+/-6.4 (P>0.05 vs WT control) and 57.5+/-11.3 (P>0.05 vs WT control) microg kg(-1), respectively. Dexmedetomidine 49-52 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2b Mus musculus 7-17 9421280-14 1997 In the alpha2B AR and alpha2C AR knock-out mice, Dex produced a dose-dependent reduction in spontaneous locomotor activity with ED50 values of 29.1+/-6.4 (P>0.05 vs WT control) and 57.5+/-11.3 (P>0.05 vs WT control) microg kg(-1), respectively. Dexmedetomidine 49-52 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2c Mus musculus 22-32 9421280-16 1997 Dex was also found to produce a dose-dependent reduction in body temperature in the alpha2A, alpha2B and alpha2C AR WT control mice with ED50 values of 60.6+/-11.0, 16.2+/-2.5 and 47.2+/-9.1 microg kg(-1), i.p., respectively. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 84-91 9421280-16 1997 Dex was also found to produce a dose-dependent reduction in body temperature in the alpha2A, alpha2B and alpha2C AR WT control mice with ED50 values of 60.6+/-11.0, 16.2+/-2.5 and 47.2+/-9.1 microg kg(-1), i.p., respectively. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2b Mus musculus 93-100 9421280-16 1997 Dex was also found to produce a dose-dependent reduction in body temperature in the alpha2A, alpha2B and alpha2C AR WT control mice with ED50 values of 60.6+/-11.0, 16.2+/-2.5 and 47.2+/-9.1 microg kg(-1), i.p., respectively. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2c Mus musculus 105-115 9421280-20 1997 In the alpha2B AR and alpha2C AR knock-out mice, Dex produced a dose-dependent reduction in body temperature with ED50 values of 28.4+/-4.8 (P>0.05 vs WT control) and 54.1+/-8.0 (P>0.05 vs WT control) microg kg(-1), respectively. Dexmedetomidine 49-52 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2b Mus musculus 7-17 9421280-20 1997 In the alpha2B AR and alpha2C AR knock-out mice, Dex produced a dose-dependent reduction in body temperature with ED50 values of 28.4+/-4.8 (P>0.05 vs WT control) and 54.1+/-8.0 (P>0.05 vs WT control) microg kg(-1), respectively. Dexmedetomidine 49-52 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2c Mus musculus 22-32 9421280-22 1997 In conclusion, the data are consistent with the alpha2A AR being the predominant subtype involved in the mediation of the antinociceptive, sedative and hypothermic actions of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 175-178 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 48-58 9152607-0 1997 The in vitro interaction of dexmedetomidine with human liver microsomal cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6). Dexmedetomidine 28-43 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 72-90 9286902-9 1997 RESULTS: Compared with saline-treated ischemic animals, dexmedetomidine at a dose of 3 microg/kg given before and continued after the induction of ischemia reduced the number of damaged neurons in the CA3 area (2 +/- 3 vs. 17 +/- 20 degenerated neurons/mm2; P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 56-71 carbonic anhydrase 3 Homo sapiens 201-204 9286902-11 1997 CONCLUSIONS: The present data demonstrate that dexmedetomidine effectively prevents delayed neuronal death in CA3 area and in the dentate hilus in gerbil hippocampus when the management is started before the onset of ischemia and continued for 48 h after reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 carbonic anhydrase 3 Homo sapiens 110-113 9421280-2 1997 The role of alpha2-adrenoceptor (AR) subtypes in the modulation of acute nociception, motor behaviour and body temperature, has been investigated by determining the activity of the alpha2AR selective agonist dexmedetomidine (Dex) in mice devoid of individual alpha2AR subtypes through either a point (alpha2A) or null (alpha2B/alpha2C) mutation ("knock-out"). Dexmedetomidine 208-223 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 181-188 9421280-4 1997 In a rodent model of acute thermal nociception, the mouse tail immersion test, Dex, in wild type (WT) control animals, produced a dose-dependent increase in the threshold for tail withdrawal from a 52 degrees C water bath with mean ED50 values of 99.9+/-14.5 (alpha2A), 94.6+/-17.8 (alpha2B) and 116.0/-17.1 (alpha2C) microg kg(-1), i.p. Dexmedetomidine 79-82 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 260-267 9421280-4 1997 In a rodent model of acute thermal nociception, the mouse tail immersion test, Dex, in wild type (WT) control animals, produced a dose-dependent increase in the threshold for tail withdrawal from a 52 degrees C water bath with mean ED50 values of 99.9+/-14.5 (alpha2A), 94.6+/-17.8 (alpha2B) and 116.0/-17.1 (alpha2C) microg kg(-1), i.p. Dexmedetomidine 79-82 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2b Mus musculus 283-290 9421280-4 1997 In a rodent model of acute thermal nociception, the mouse tail immersion test, Dex, in wild type (WT) control animals, produced a dose-dependent increase in the threshold for tail withdrawal from a 52 degrees C water bath with mean ED50 values of 99.9+/-14.5 (alpha2A), 94.6+/-17.8 (alpha2B) and 116.0/-17.1 (alpha2C) microg kg(-1), i.p. Dexmedetomidine 79-82 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2c Mus musculus 309-316 9302090-1 1997 The effect of dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist and neuroprotective agent on the expression of immediate early genes and heat shock protein hsp70, was studied using quantitative in situ hybridization in a global ischemia model. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 165-170 9302090-2 1997 At the dose previously shown to be neuroprotective dexmedetomidine inhibited the expression of c-fos and hsp70 mRNA, did not affect jun-B mRNA, and enhanced the induction of NGFI-A mRNA in the postischemic gerbil hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 51-66 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 95-100 9302090-2 1997 At the dose previously shown to be neuroprotective dexmedetomidine inhibited the expression of c-fos and hsp70 mRNA, did not affect jun-B mRNA, and enhanced the induction of NGFI-A mRNA in the postischemic gerbil hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 51-66 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 105-110 9302090-2 1997 At the dose previously shown to be neuroprotective dexmedetomidine inhibited the expression of c-fos and hsp70 mRNA, did not affect jun-B mRNA, and enhanced the induction of NGFI-A mRNA in the postischemic gerbil hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 51-66 early growth response 1 Homo sapiens 174-180 9152607-0 1997 The in vitro interaction of dexmedetomidine with human liver microsomal cytochrome P4502D6 (CYP2D6). Dexmedetomidine 28-43 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 92-98 7479344-3 1995 The aim of this study was to find out whether pretreatment with NPFF causes a comparable potentiation of dexmedetomidine-induced antinociception. Dexmedetomidine 105-120 neuropeptide FF-amide peptide precursor Rattus norvegicus 64-68 9103481-4 1997 Dexmedetomidine at 100 nM added to the basolateral side of the CCD reduced AVP-stimulated Pf by 95% to 100%, and the alpha-2 antagonist atipamezole reversed the inhibition. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 75-78 9103481-5 1997 In the presence of the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine, dexmedetomidine reduced AVP-stimulated Pf by 70% to 75% compared with the complete inhibition without staurosporine. Dexmedetomidine 65-80 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 89-92 9103481-6 1997 When Pf was increased by the use of the non-hydrolyzable analog of cAMP, 8-chlorophenylthio-cAMP, in lieu of AVP, dexmedetomidine inhibited Pf by approximately 35%. Dexmedetomidine 114-129 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 109-112 9103481-8 1997 Dexmedetomidine reversed AVP-induced effects on Vt and Rt, indicating inhibition of Na+ transport. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 25-28 8933759-7 1996 The administration of the alpha 2-agonist, dexmedetomidine, to HTM cells resulted in a 90% inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation, a twofold stimulation of MAP kinase activity, and a threefold increase in the expression of PCNA. Dexmedetomidine 43-58 proliferating cell nuclear antigen Homo sapiens 234-238 8787667-0 1996 Antisense technology reveals the alpha2A adrenoceptor to be the subtype mediating the hypnotic response to the highly selective agonist, dexmedetomidine, in the locus coeruleus of the rat. Dexmedetomidine 137-152 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 33-53 8787667-6 1996 Therefore, the alpha2A adrenoceptor subtype is responsible for the hypnotic response to dexmedetomidine in the locus coeruleus of the rat. Dexmedetomidine 88-103 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 15-35 7733277-3 1995 The stimulatory effect of morphine, dexmedetomidine, m-CPP, and partially U-50488H on prolactin secretion was attenuated in rats kept at 4 degrees C. Cold exposure did not abolish prolactin release induced by pimozide and restraint stress. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 prolactin Rattus norvegicus 86-95 9016344-0 1997 Genetic alteration of alpha 2C-adrenoceptor expression in mice: influence on locomotor, hypothermic, and neurochemical effects of dexmedetomidine, a subtype-nonselective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist. Dexmedetomidine 130-145 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2c Mus musculus 22-43 9016344-5 1997 Correspondingly, another strain of transgenic mice with 3-fold overexpression of alpha 2C-AR in striatum and other brain regions expressing alpha 2C-AR showed normal reductions in brain monoamine metabolism and locomotor activity after dexmedetomidine, but their hypothermic response to the alpha 2C-AR agonists was significantly accentuated. Dexmedetomidine 236-251 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2c Mus musculus 81-92 8882345-3 1996 Dexmedetomidine dose-dependently increased plasma growth hormone and prolactin levels and decreased thyrotropin levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 prolactin Rattus norvegicus 69-78 1682907-5 1991 CFF, the Maddox wing and peak saccadic velocity all proved sensitive in the assessment of sedation induced by dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 110-125 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 0-3 7859067-5 1994 In the presence of 1 microgram intrathecal CCK the antinociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine was reduced to 27 +/- 11%. Dexmedetomidine 77-92 cholecystokinin Rattus norvegicus 43-46 8103576-3 1993 This effect of neurotensin was inhibited by stimulation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors: noradrenaline, clonidine, xylazine or dexmedetomidine (alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists) inhibited neurotensin-induced release of acetycholine (ACh) as well as the contractions, while CH-38083 or yohimbine (alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist) prevented this inhibitory effect. Dexmedetomidine 120-135 neurotensin/neuromedin N Cavia porcellus 15-26 8103576-3 1993 This effect of neurotensin was inhibited by stimulation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors: noradrenaline, clonidine, xylazine or dexmedetomidine (alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists) inhibited neurotensin-induced release of acetycholine (ACh) as well as the contractions, while CH-38083 or yohimbine (alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist) prevented this inhibitory effect. Dexmedetomidine 120-135 neurotensin/neuromedin N Cavia porcellus 178-189 8094720-1 1993 This study was designed to determine the effects of dexmedetomidine on CBF velocity as measured by transcranial Doppler sonography in human volunteers. Dexmedetomidine 52-67 CCAAT enhancer binding protein zeta Homo sapiens 71-74 8094720-7 1993 Mean CBF velocity decreased with each increase in plasma concentration of dexmedetomidine and then began to return to basal levels after termination of the infusion. Dexmedetomidine 74-89 CCAAT enhancer binding protein zeta Homo sapiens 5-8 8094720-8 1993 A trend toward an increase in the pulsatility index at the higher levels of dexmedetomidine suggests that the observed decrement in CBF velocity was due to an increase in cerebral vascular resistance. Dexmedetomidine 76-91 CCAAT enhancer binding protein zeta Homo sapiens 132-135 8094720-12 1993 These studies are in agreement with previous animal studies which demonstrate a decrease in CBF after administration of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 120-135 CCAAT enhancer binding protein zeta Homo sapiens 92-95 1355441-1 1992 The actions of the selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine were examined on the nociceptive C and innocuous A beta fibre-evoked responses of dorsal horn neurones to transcutaneous electrical stimulation in the intact anaesthetized rat. Dexmedetomidine 58-73 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 123-129 1355441-4 1992 A beta-evoked responses were inhibited to a lesser degree--a maximum 54 +/- 8% inhibition after 10 micrograms dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 110-125 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 0-6 1681840-10 1991 Atropine was administered to two dexmedetomidine-premedicated patients because of bradycardia less than 45 beat min-1. Dexmedetomidine 33-48 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 112-117 1649559-4 1991 The effect of dexmedetomidine, 10(-8)-10(-3) M, on adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) stimulated release of corticosterone was assessed in isolated rat adrenal cells. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 proopiomelanocortin Canis lupus familiaris 81-85 1649559-6 1991 The effect of dexmedetomidine, 80 micrograms/kg subcutaneously, on ACTH-stimulated release of cortisol was studied in separate cohorts of dogs at various time intervals during and after anesthesia was given. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 proopiomelanocortin Canis lupus familiaris 67-71 1649559-9 1991 At dexmedetomidine concentrations greater than 10(-7) M, a dose-dependent inhibition of corticosterone release was detected in response to ACTH stimulation in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 3-18 proopiomelanocortin Canis lupus familiaris 139-143 1649559-11 1991 In the in vivo dog experiments, basal cortisol levels decreased and the cortisol response to ACTH was blunted 3 h after dexmedetomidine administration. Dexmedetomidine 120-135 proopiomelanocortin Canis lupus familiaris 93-97 8096770-10 1993 More selective for the alpha 2-adrenoceptor than clonidine is dexmedetomidine (1600/1 of alpha 2/alpha 1), a very potent agonist at the alpha 2-adrenoceptor. Dexmedetomidine 62-77 adrenoceptor alpha 1D Homo sapiens 89-104 1359808-7 1992 Plasma concentrations of norepinephrine, epinephrine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol, cortisol, and beta-endorphin increased less in the dexmedetomidine 2.4-micrograms/kg group in response to tracheal intubation and surgery than in the saline solution group. Dexmedetomidine 132-147 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 95-109 1359809-7 1992 The infusion regimens of dexmedetomidine tested in the dose-response study ranged from 120 ng.kg-1 x min-1, followed by 6 ng.kg-1 x min-1, to 270 + 13.5 ng.kg-1 x min-1. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 101-106 1678296-6 1991 In hippocampal CA1 neurons, on the other hand, there was a relatively small potentiation of the effects of isoflurane at the maximally effective dexmedetomidine concentration (1 nM). Dexmedetomidine 145-160 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 15-18 33770644-8 2021 Moreover, conditioned medium collected from astrocytes treated with the alpha2-AR agonist dexmedetomidine, increased IL-6 mRNA in other astrocytes. Dexmedetomidine 90-105 UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C Rattus norvegicus 72-78 33770644-8 2021 Moreover, conditioned medium collected from astrocytes treated with the alpha2-AR agonist dexmedetomidine, increased IL-6 mRNA in other astrocytes. Dexmedetomidine 90-105 ferredoxin reductase Rattus norvegicus 79-81 33770644-8 2021 Moreover, conditioned medium collected from astrocytes treated with the alpha2-AR agonist dexmedetomidine, increased IL-6 mRNA in other astrocytes. Dexmedetomidine 90-105 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 117-121 33971816-0 2021 Correction to: Dexmedetomidine attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro by inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome activation. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 104-109 33774474-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine ameliorates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in vivo and in vitro by preserving mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium through the HIF-1a/HO-1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 145-151 33821300-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 96-99 33821300-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 forkhead box O1 Mus musculus 100-105 33821300-5 2021 RESULTS: DEX significantly inhibited LPS-induced increases in the lung weight/body weight ratio and lung wet/dry weight ratio, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased the production of proinflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)in the lungs. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 234-251 33821300-5 2021 RESULTS: DEX significantly inhibited LPS-induced increases in the lung weight/body weight ratio and lung wet/dry weight ratio, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased the production of proinflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)in the lungs. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 253-261 33821300-5 2021 RESULTS: DEX significantly inhibited LPS-induced increases in the lung weight/body weight ratio and lung wet/dry weight ratio, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased the production of proinflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)in the lungs. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 264-268 33821300-5 2021 RESULTS: DEX significantly inhibited LPS-induced increases in the lung weight/body weight ratio and lung wet/dry weight ratio, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased the production of proinflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)in the lungs. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 274-301 33821300-5 2021 RESULTS: DEX significantly inhibited LPS-induced increases in the lung weight/body weight ratio and lung wet/dry weight ratio, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, and decreased the production of proinflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)in the lungs. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 303-312 33821300-6 2021 DEX also markedly attenuated the increases in malondialdehyde 5 (MDA 5) and inositol-dependent enzyme a (IRE-a), attenuated the decrease in superoxide dismutase 1(SOD-1), reversed the low expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and the high expressions of Bax and Caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 163-168 33821300-6 2021 DEX also markedly attenuated the increases in malondialdehyde 5 (MDA 5) and inositol-dependent enzyme a (IRE-a), attenuated the decrease in superoxide dismutase 1(SOD-1), reversed the low expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and the high expressions of Bax and Caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 202-219 33821300-6 2021 DEX also markedly attenuated the increases in malondialdehyde 5 (MDA 5) and inositol-dependent enzyme a (IRE-a), attenuated the decrease in superoxide dismutase 1(SOD-1), reversed the low expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and the high expressions of Bax and Caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 221-226 33821300-6 2021 DEX also markedly attenuated the increases in malondialdehyde 5 (MDA 5) and inositol-dependent enzyme a (IRE-a), attenuated the decrease in superoxide dismutase 1(SOD-1), reversed the low expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and the high expressions of Bax and Caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 257-260 33821300-6 2021 DEX also markedly attenuated the increases in malondialdehyde 5 (MDA 5) and inositol-dependent enzyme a (IRE-a), attenuated the decrease in superoxide dismutase 1(SOD-1), reversed the low expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and the high expressions of Bax and Caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 caspase 3 Mus musculus 265-274 33821300-7 2021 DEX also decreased the expression of phosphorylated PI3K and phosphorylated Akt and increased the expression of phosphorylated forkhead box-O transcription factor 1 (FoxO1). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 76-79 33821300-7 2021 DEX also decreased the expression of phosphorylated PI3K and phosphorylated Akt and increased the expression of phosphorylated forkhead box-O transcription factor 1 (FoxO1). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 forkhead box O1 Mus musculus 127-164 33821300-7 2021 DEX also decreased the expression of phosphorylated PI3K and phosphorylated Akt and increased the expression of phosphorylated forkhead box-O transcription factor 1 (FoxO1). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 forkhead box O1 Mus musculus 166-171 33774474-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine ameliorates endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in vivo and in vitro by preserving mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium through the HIF-1a/HO-1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 152-156 33821300-9 2021 CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that DEX ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury partly through the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 107-110 33821300-9 2021 CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that DEX ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury partly through the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 forkhead box O1 Mus musculus 111-116 33774474-3 2021 Herein, we investigated whether DEX afforded lung protection by regulating the process of mitochondrial dynamics through the HIF-1a/HO-1 pathway in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 125-131 33774474-3 2021 Herein, we investigated whether DEX afforded lung protection by regulating the process of mitochondrial dynamics through the HIF-1a/HO-1 pathway in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 132-136 33774474-4 2021 Using C57BL/6J mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide, it was initially observed that preemptive administration of DEX (50mug/kg) alleviated lung pathologic injury, reduced oxidative stress indices (OSI), improved mitochondrial dysfunction, upregulated the expression of HIF-1alpha and HO-1, accompanied by shifting the dynamic course of mitochondria into fusion. Dexmedetomidine 111-114 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 267-277 33774474-4 2021 Using C57BL/6J mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide, it was initially observed that preemptive administration of DEX (50mug/kg) alleviated lung pathologic injury, reduced oxidative stress indices (OSI), improved mitochondrial dysfunction, upregulated the expression of HIF-1alpha and HO-1, accompanied by shifting the dynamic course of mitochondria into fusion. Dexmedetomidine 111-114 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 282-286 33774474-6 2021 We found that pretreatment with DEX and DMOG distinctly relieved lung injury, decreased the levels of mitochondrial ROS and mtDNA, reduced OSI, increased nuclear accumulation of HIF-1a and HO-1 protein in wild type mice but not HO-1 KO mice. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 178-184 33774474-6 2021 We found that pretreatment with DEX and DMOG distinctly relieved lung injury, decreased the levels of mitochondrial ROS and mtDNA, reduced OSI, increased nuclear accumulation of HIF-1a and HO-1 protein in wild type mice but not HO-1 KO mice. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 189-193 33774474-6 2021 We found that pretreatment with DEX and DMOG distinctly relieved lung injury, decreased the levels of mitochondrial ROS and mtDNA, reduced OSI, increased nuclear accumulation of HIF-1a and HO-1 protein in wild type mice but not HO-1 KO mice. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 228-232 33774474-8 2021 Concertedly, DEX reversed the impaired mitochondrial morphology in LPS stimulated-wild type mice or NC siRNA transfected NR8383 cells, upregulated the expression of mitochondrial fusion protein, while downregulated the expression of fission protein in HIF-1a/HO-1 dependent pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 252-258 33774474-8 2021 Concertedly, DEX reversed the impaired mitochondrial morphology in LPS stimulated-wild type mice or NC siRNA transfected NR8383 cells, upregulated the expression of mitochondrial fusion protein, while downregulated the expression of fission protein in HIF-1a/HO-1 dependent pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 259-263 33774474-9 2021 Altogether, our data both in vivo and in vitro certified that DEX treatment ameliorated endotoxin-induced acute lung injury by preserving the dynamic equilibrium of mitochondrial fusion/fission through the regulation of HIF-1a/HO-1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 220-226 33774474-9 2021 Altogether, our data both in vivo and in vitro certified that DEX treatment ameliorated endotoxin-induced acute lung injury by preserving the dynamic equilibrium of mitochondrial fusion/fission through the regulation of HIF-1a/HO-1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 227-231 33782744-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine alleviates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction may be associated with inhibition of RhoA/ROCK pathway in mice with myocardial infarction. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 ras homolog family member A Mus musculus 112-116 33782744-7 2021 Immunohistochemistry shows that DEX reduces the expression of ROCK1 protein after myocardial infarction. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 62-67 33782744-8 2021 TUNEL staining and the protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were used to detect cell apoptosis and results make clear that DEX can reduce the apoptosis caused by myocardial infarction. Dexmedetomidine 155-158 caspase 3 Mus musculus 60-69 33782744-8 2021 TUNEL staining and the protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-9 were used to detect cell apoptosis and results make clear that DEX can reduce the apoptosis caused by myocardial infarction. Dexmedetomidine 155-158 caspase 9 Mus musculus 82-91 33782744-9 2021 Western blot experiments showed that DEX can reduce the expression levels of ROCK1 and ROCK2 (Rho-kinase). Dexmedetomidine 37-40 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 77-82 33782744-9 2021 Western blot experiments showed that DEX can reduce the expression levels of ROCK1 and ROCK2 (Rho-kinase). Dexmedetomidine 37-40 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 87-92 33782744-9 2021 Western blot experiments showed that DEX can reduce the expression levels of ROCK1 and ROCK2 (Rho-kinase). Dexmedetomidine 37-40 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 94-104 33818283-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine upregulates microRNA-185 to suppress ovarian cancer growth via inhibiting the SOX9/Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 SRY-box transcription factor 9 Homo sapiens 94-98 33782744-10 2021 At the same time, it was observed that DEX improved the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Dexmedetomidine 39-42 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 56-61 33782744-10 2021 At the same time, it was observed that DEX improved the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Dexmedetomidine 39-42 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 62-65 33818283-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine upregulates microRNA-185 to suppress ovarian cancer growth via inhibiting the SOX9/Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 catenin beta 1 Homo sapiens 103-115 33782744-11 2021 The above results indicate that DEX reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improves cardiac function likely through inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 ras homolog family member A Mus musculus 128-132 33804982-7 2021 LE (1%) reversed the DMT-induced eNOS (Ser1177 and Thr496) phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 21-24 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 33-37 33818283-8 2021 Our study found DEX had a dose-dependent inhibition on OC growth, and DEX promoted miR-185 but suppressed SOX9 expression in OC cells. Dexmedetomidine 70-73 microRNA 185 Homo sapiens 83-90 33818283-8 2021 Our study found DEX had a dose-dependent inhibition on OC growth, and DEX promoted miR-185 but suppressed SOX9 expression in OC cells. Dexmedetomidine 70-73 SRY-box transcription factor 9 Homo sapiens 106-110 33818283-13 2021 This study demonstrated that DEX could inhibit OC development via upregulating miR-185 expression and inactivating the SOX9/Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 microRNA 185 Homo sapiens 79-86 33818283-13 2021 This study demonstrated that DEX could inhibit OC development via upregulating miR-185 expression and inactivating the SOX9/Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 SRY-box transcription factor 9 Homo sapiens 119-123 33818283-13 2021 This study demonstrated that DEX could inhibit OC development via upregulating miR-185 expression and inactivating the SOX9/Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 catenin beta 1 Homo sapiens 128-140 33804982-8 2021 PP2 inhibited caveolin-1 and eNOS phosphorylation induced by DMT. Dexmedetomidine 61-64 caveolin 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-24 33804982-8 2021 PP2 inhibited caveolin-1 and eNOS phosphorylation induced by DMT. Dexmedetomidine 61-64 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 29-33 33804982-11 2021 DMT-induced NO synthesis may be caused by the increased eNOS (Ser1177) phosphorylation and decreased eNOS (Thr495) phosphorylation potentially mediated by Src kinase-induced caveolin-1 phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 56-60 33804982-11 2021 DMT-induced NO synthesis may be caused by the increased eNOS (Ser1177) phosphorylation and decreased eNOS (Thr495) phosphorylation potentially mediated by Src kinase-induced caveolin-1 phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 101-105 33804982-11 2021 DMT-induced NO synthesis may be caused by the increased eNOS (Ser1177) phosphorylation and decreased eNOS (Thr495) phosphorylation potentially mediated by Src kinase-induced caveolin-1 phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 caveolin 1 Rattus norvegicus 174-184 33777946-9 2021 The results also found that Dex could induce the phosphorylation of the dynamin-related protein 1 through down-regulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2, thus playing a role in the regulation of mitochondrial division. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 dynamin 1-like Rattus norvegicus 72-97 33777946-9 2021 The results also found that Dex could induce the phosphorylation of the dynamin-related protein 1 through down-regulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2, thus playing a role in the regulation of mitochondrial division. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 122-162 33232741-0 2021 MicroRNA-29a-3p strengthens the effect of dexmedetomidine on improving neurologic damage in newborn rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage by inhibiting HDAC4. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 histone deacetylase 4 Rattus norvegicus 154-159 33232741-2 2021 This study aims to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) post-treatment on neurological impairment of newborn rats with HIBD via modulating microRNA-29a-3p (miR-29a-3p) and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). Dexmedetomidine 45-60 histone deacetylase 4 Rattus norvegicus 183-204 33232741-2 2021 This study aims to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) post-treatment on neurological impairment of newborn rats with HIBD via modulating microRNA-29a-3p (miR-29a-3p) and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). Dexmedetomidine 45-60 histone deacetylase 4 Rattus norvegicus 206-211 33945148-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine targets miR-146a and participates in the progress of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 146a Homo sapiens 24-32 33945148-10 2021 Additionally, dexmedetomidine was showed to reduce the 16HBEL cell apoptosis through reducing the expression of miR-146a. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 microRNA 146a Homo sapiens 112-120 33945148-11 2021 Moreover, dexmedetomidine regulated cell apoptosis and cell apoptosis through miR-146a in AEC2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 microRNA 146a Homo sapiens 78-86 33945148-13 2021 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine reduced 16HBE cells and AEC2 cell apoptosis and attenuated COPD by down-regulating miR-146a. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 microRNA 146a Homo sapiens 111-119 33235613-14 2021 The results from the present study reported a potential mechanistic action of Dex treatment post-TBI, which may be associated with the inhibition of PSD95-NMDA interaction. Dexmedetomidine 78-81 discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 Mus musculus 149-154 33032881-0 2020 Corrigendum to "Dexmedetomidine protects H9C2 against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through miR-208b-3p/Med13/Wnt signaling pathway axis" [Biomed. Dexmedetomidine 16-31 mediator complex subunit 13 Homo sapiens 103-108 33232741-2 2021 This study aims to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) post-treatment on neurological impairment of newborn rats with HIBD via modulating microRNA-29a-3p (miR-29a-3p) and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). Dexmedetomidine 62-65 histone deacetylase 4 Rattus norvegicus 183-204 33232741-2 2021 This study aims to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) post-treatment on neurological impairment of newborn rats with HIBD via modulating microRNA-29a-3p (miR-29a-3p) and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). Dexmedetomidine 62-65 histone deacetylase 4 Rattus norvegicus 206-211 33232741-8 2021 Moreover, Dex, up-regulated miR-29a-3p or declined HDAC4 alleviated brain atrophy, repressed brain tissue injury, retrained the inflammation, repressed the apoptosis of neurons in the hippocampal region of rats with HIBD. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 histone deacetylase 4 Rattus norvegicus 51-56 33232741-10 2021 CONCLUSION: The study concludes that miR-29a-3p strengthened the effect of Dex on improving neurologic damage in newborn rats with HIBD by inhibiting HDAC4. Dexmedetomidine 75-78 histone deacetylase 4 Rattus norvegicus 150-155 33235613-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine inhibits the PSD95-NMDA receptor interaction to promote functional recovery following traumatic brain injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 Mus musculus 29-34 33235613-12 2021 Treatment with Dex efficiently decreased the PSD95-NR2B-nNOS interaction, which reduced the TBI-induced neuronal death. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 Mus musculus 45-50 33235613-12 2021 Treatment with Dex efficiently decreased the PSD95-NR2B-nNOS interaction, which reduced the TBI-induced neuronal death. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2) Mus musculus 51-55 33235613-12 2021 Treatment with Dex efficiently decreased the PSD95-NR2B-nNOS interaction, which reduced the TBI-induced neuronal death. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 56-60 34342722-4 2022 Compared with the control group (group C), the concentrations of CK-MB in the perioperative period and cTn-I at 12 h and 24 h after operation in dexmedetomidine group (group D) were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 145-160 troponin I3, cardiac type Homo sapiens 103-108 34863997-10 2022 Dex decreased LPS-induced IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and catecholamine but increased acetylcholine in blood serum; these effects of Dex was partially abolished by vagotomy. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 26-34 34863997-10 2022 Dex decreased LPS-induced IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and catecholamine but increased acetylcholine in blood serum; these effects of Dex was partially abolished by vagotomy. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 36-45 34863997-10 2022 Dex decreased LPS-induced IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and catecholamine but increased acetylcholine in blood serum; these effects of Dex was partially abolished by vagotomy. Dexmedetomidine 126-129 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 26-34 34863997-10 2022 Dex decreased LPS-induced IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and catecholamine but increased acetylcholine in blood serum; these effects of Dex was partially abolished by vagotomy. Dexmedetomidine 126-129 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 36-45 34715270-0 2022 MicroRNA-214-5p involves in the protection effect of Dexmedetomidine against neurological injury in Alzheimer"s disease via targeting the suppressor of zest 12. Dexmedetomidine 53-68 SUZ12 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit Mus musculus 138-159 34715270-2 2022 Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been evidenced to exert neuroprotective effects on multiple neurological diseases, while the function of microRNA(miR)-214-5p on Dex-mediated AD progression via targeting the suppressor of zest 12 (SUZ12) remains unclear. Dexmedetomidine 155-158 microRNA 214 Mus musculus 131-148 34715270-2 2022 Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been evidenced to exert neuroprotective effects on multiple neurological diseases, while the function of microRNA(miR)-214-5p on Dex-mediated AD progression via targeting the suppressor of zest 12 (SUZ12) remains unclear. Dexmedetomidine 155-158 SUZ12 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit Mus musculus 224-229 34715270-8 2022 Dex administration reduced the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, the contents of serum inflammatory factor and oxidative stress, and attenuated the cognitive impairment of AD mice accompanied by up-regulated miR-214-5p and down-regulated SUZ12, and the overexpression of miR-214-5p or reduction of SUZ12 could effectively enhance the Dex-treated effects on AD mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 microRNA 214 Mus musculus 208-215 34715270-8 2022 Dex administration reduced the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, the contents of serum inflammatory factor and oxidative stress, and attenuated the cognitive impairment of AD mice accompanied by up-regulated miR-214-5p and down-regulated SUZ12, and the overexpression of miR-214-5p or reduction of SUZ12 could effectively enhance the Dex-treated effects on AD mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 SUZ12 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit Mus musculus 238-243 34715270-8 2022 Dex administration reduced the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, the contents of serum inflammatory factor and oxidative stress, and attenuated the cognitive impairment of AD mice accompanied by up-regulated miR-214-5p and down-regulated SUZ12, and the overexpression of miR-214-5p or reduction of SUZ12 could effectively enhance the Dex-treated effects on AD mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 microRNA 214 Mus musculus 271-278 34715270-8 2022 Dex administration reduced the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, the contents of serum inflammatory factor and oxidative stress, and attenuated the cognitive impairment of AD mice accompanied by up-regulated miR-214-5p and down-regulated SUZ12, and the overexpression of miR-214-5p or reduction of SUZ12 could effectively enhance the Dex-treated effects on AD mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 SUZ12 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit Mus musculus 298-303 34715270-8 2022 Dex administration reduced the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, the contents of serum inflammatory factor and oxidative stress, and attenuated the cognitive impairment of AD mice accompanied by up-regulated miR-214-5p and down-regulated SUZ12, and the overexpression of miR-214-5p or reduction of SUZ12 could effectively enhance the Dex-treated effects on AD mice. Dexmedetomidine 334-337 microRNA 214 Mus musculus 271-278 34715270-8 2022 Dex administration reduced the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, the contents of serum inflammatory factor and oxidative stress, and attenuated the cognitive impairment of AD mice accompanied by up-regulated miR-214-5p and down-regulated SUZ12, and the overexpression of miR-214-5p or reduction of SUZ12 could effectively enhance the Dex-treated effects on AD mice. Dexmedetomidine 334-337 SUZ12 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit Mus musculus 298-303 34715270-10 2022 CONCLUSION: Dex may have a potential neuroprotective effect on AD via the miR-214-5p/SUZ12 axis. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 microRNA 214 Mus musculus 74-81 34715270-10 2022 CONCLUSION: Dex may have a potential neuroprotective effect on AD via the miR-214-5p/SUZ12 axis. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 SUZ12 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit Mus musculus 85-90 34767031-9 2022 Moreover, the Nrf2/HO-1 axis inhibited the activation of NLRP2 inflammasome and NLRP3 overexpression reversed the effect of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 124-127 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 19-23 34767031-9 2022 Moreover, the Nrf2/HO-1 axis inhibited the activation of NLRP2 inflammasome and NLRP3 overexpression reversed the effect of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 124-127 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 2 Mus musculus 57-62 34767031-9 2022 Moreover, the Nrf2/HO-1 axis inhibited the activation of NLRP2 inflammasome and NLRP3 overexpression reversed the effect of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 124-127 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 80-85 34767031-10 2022 CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Dex promoted M2-polarization of microglia and attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation, and thus protected against cerebral ischemic injury by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 189-193 34767031-10 2022 CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Dex promoted M2-polarization of microglia and attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation, and thus protected against cerebral ischemic injury by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 194-198 34767031-10 2022 CONCLUSION: In conclusion, Dex promoted M2-polarization of microglia and attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation, and thus protected against cerebral ischemic injury by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 222-227 26418907-9 2016 "Prophylactic" and "therapeutic" administration of clonidine and dexmedetomidine reduced pancreatic morphologic injury (P < 0.05 vs SNP), serum proinflammatory high-mobility group box 1 protein (P < 0.0001 vs SNP), as well as pancreatic and pulmonary myeloperoxidase levels (P < 0.01 vs SNP). Dexmedetomidine 65-80 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 163-188 26418907-9 2016 "Prophylactic" and "therapeutic" administration of clonidine and dexmedetomidine reduced pancreatic morphologic injury (P < 0.05 vs SNP), serum proinflammatory high-mobility group box 1 protein (P < 0.0001 vs SNP), as well as pancreatic and pulmonary myeloperoxidase levels (P < 0.01 vs SNP). Dexmedetomidine 65-80 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 257-272 26628956-9 2015 We collected the serum of rats then detected the pro-inflammation cytokines TNF-alpha, INF-gamma and IL-1beta levels and anti-inflammation cytokinses TGF-beta, IL-10 and IL-6 levels, found that the pro-inflammation cytokines of dexmedetomidine group was decreased whereas the anti-inflammation cytokinses was increased. Dexmedetomidine 228-243 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 170-174 23781882-0 2013 Effect of dexmedetomidine on plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor: A double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 36-69 23781882-7 2013 CONCLUSION: It appears that DEX could reverse the reduced plasma concentrations of BDNF caused by anesthetics, and this effect lasted for 24 hours after surgery. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 83-87 34862748-2 2022 For example, dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective alpha2A -AR agonist, can be used for peripheral analgesia. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-55 34862748-2 2022 For example, dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective alpha2A -AR agonist, can be used for peripheral analgesia. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 ferredoxin reductase Rattus norvegicus 57-59 34862748-2 2022 For example, dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective alpha2A -AR agonist, can be used for peripheral analgesia. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-55 34862748-2 2022 For example, dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective alpha2A -AR agonist, can be used for peripheral analgesia. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 ferredoxin reductase Rattus norvegicus 57-59 34862748-5 2022 Herein, we show that a functional interaction of alpha2A -ARs and P2X3 receptors in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons could contribute to peripheral analgesia of DEX. Dexmedetomidine 162-165 spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-56 34862748-7 2022 RESULTS: The activation of alpha2A -ARs by DEX suppressed P2X3 receptor-mediated and alpha,beta-methylene-ATP (alpha,beta-meATP)-evoked inward currents in a concentration-dependent and voltage-independent manner. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-34 34862748-9 2022 Suppression of alpha,beta-meATP-evoked currents by DEX was blocked by the alpha2A -AR antagonist BRL44408 and prevented by intracellular application of the Gi/o protein inhibitor pertussis toxin, the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin, and the cAMP analog 8-Br-cAMP. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-81 34862748-9 2022 Suppression of alpha,beta-meATP-evoked currents by DEX was blocked by the alpha2A -AR antagonist BRL44408 and prevented by intracellular application of the Gi/o protein inhibitor pertussis toxin, the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin, and the cAMP analog 8-Br-cAMP. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 ferredoxin reductase Rattus norvegicus 83-85 34862748-10 2022 DEX also suppressed alpha,beta-meATP-evoked action potentials through alpha2A -ARs in rat DRG neurons. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-77 34862748-11 2022 Finally, the activation of peripheral alpha2A -ARs by DEX had an analgesic effect on the alpha,beta-meATP-induced nociception. Dexmedetomidine 54-57 spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-45 34862748-12 2022 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that activation of alpha2A -ARs by DEX suppressed P2X3 receptor-mediated electrophysiological and behavioral activity via a Gi/o proteins and cAMP signaling pathway, which was a novel potential mechanism underlying analgesia of peripheral alpha2A -AR agonists. Dexmedetomidine 72-75 spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 Rattus norvegicus 56-63 34862748-12 2022 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that activation of alpha2A -ARs by DEX suppressed P2X3 receptor-mediated electrophysiological and behavioral activity via a Gi/o proteins and cAMP signaling pathway, which was a novel potential mechanism underlying analgesia of peripheral alpha2A -AR agonists. Dexmedetomidine 72-75 spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 Rattus norvegicus 276-283 34862748-12 2022 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that activation of alpha2A -ARs by DEX suppressed P2X3 receptor-mediated electrophysiological and behavioral activity via a Gi/o proteins and cAMP signaling pathway, which was a novel potential mechanism underlying analgesia of peripheral alpha2A -AR agonists. Dexmedetomidine 72-75 ferredoxin reductase Rattus norvegicus 285-287 34342722-8 2022 The application of dexmedetomidine in cardiac surgery with CPB can reduce CK-MB and cTn-I concentration and interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels to a certain extent and shorten the length of Intensive Care Unit stay, but it has no significant effect on IL-10 level, C reactive protein level, the time on ventilator and length of hospital stay. Dexmedetomidine 19-34 troponin I3, cardiac type Homo sapiens 84-89 34342722-8 2022 The application of dexmedetomidine in cardiac surgery with CPB can reduce CK-MB and cTn-I concentration and interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels to a certain extent and shorten the length of Intensive Care Unit stay, but it has no significant effect on IL-10 level, C reactive protein level, the time on ventilator and length of hospital stay. Dexmedetomidine 19-34 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 108-121 34342722-8 2022 The application of dexmedetomidine in cardiac surgery with CPB can reduce CK-MB and cTn-I concentration and interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels to a certain extent and shorten the length of Intensive Care Unit stay, but it has no significant effect on IL-10 level, C reactive protein level, the time on ventilator and length of hospital stay. Dexmedetomidine 19-34 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 123-150 34342722-8 2022 The application of dexmedetomidine in cardiac surgery with CPB can reduce CK-MB and cTn-I concentration and interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels to a certain extent and shorten the length of Intensive Care Unit stay, but it has no significant effect on IL-10 level, C reactive protein level, the time on ventilator and length of hospital stay. Dexmedetomidine 19-34 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 279-297 34811808-7 2022 RESULTS: We proved that DEX could ameliorate pulmonary injury, and decreased inflammation, pulmonary edema, and ferroptosis (MDA down-regulation and GPX4 up-regulation) in ALI. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 149-153 34916824-12 2021 Metabolomics analysis showed that Dex activated the pentose phosphate pathway and increased glutathione in VECs via up-regulation of G6PD expression. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 133-137 34767031-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine exerts cerebral protective effects against cerebral ischemic injury by promoting the polarization of M2 microglia via the Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 138-142 34767031-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine exerts cerebral protective effects against cerebral ischemic injury by promoting the polarization of M2 microglia via the Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 143-147 34767031-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine exerts cerebral protective effects against cerebral ischemic injury by promoting the polarization of M2 microglia via the Nrf2/HO-1/NLRP3 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 148-153 34767031-8 2022 Our results showed that Dex promoted M2-polarization of microglia in vivo and in vitro by promoting HO-1 expression via Nrf2 nuclear import. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 100-104 34767031-8 2022 Our results showed that Dex promoted M2-polarization of microglia in vivo and in vitro by promoting HO-1 expression via Nrf2 nuclear import. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 120-124 34767031-9 2022 Moreover, the Nrf2/HO-1 axis inhibited the activation of NLRP2 inflammasome and NLRP3 overexpression reversed the effect of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 124-127 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 14-18 34882841-15 2021 Moreover, Dex enhanced the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in H/R-treated H9c2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 45-49 34882841-15 2021 Moreover, Dex enhanced the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in H/R-treated H9c2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 50-55 34878923-9 2022 Together, these results revealed that dexmedetomidine pretreatment relieves intestinal microcirculation, attenuates intestinal damage, and inhibits the inflammatory response of cardiopulmonary bypass model rats, demonstrating that in CPB-induced damage of intestinal mucosal barrier function, dexmedetomidine pretreatment plays a protective role by inactivating TLR4/JAK2/STAT3-mediated inflammatory pathway. Dexmedetomidine 293-308 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 367-371 34878923-9 2022 Together, these results revealed that dexmedetomidine pretreatment relieves intestinal microcirculation, attenuates intestinal damage, and inhibits the inflammatory response of cardiopulmonary bypass model rats, demonstrating that in CPB-induced damage of intestinal mucosal barrier function, dexmedetomidine pretreatment plays a protective role by inactivating TLR4/JAK2/STAT3-mediated inflammatory pathway. Dexmedetomidine 293-308 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 372-377 34718238-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury of H9C2 Myocardial Cells by Upregulating miR-146a Expression via the MAPK Signal Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 146a Rattus norvegicus 97-105 34718238-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury of H9C2 Myocardial Cells by Upregulating miR-146a Expression via the MAPK Signal Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 125-129 34718238-9 2022 The tendency could be reversed by Dex, which could also upregulate SOD activity and decrease apoptosis, LDH activity, MDA, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) levels of H9C2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 123-155 34718238-9 2022 The tendency could be reversed by Dex, which could also upregulate SOD activity and decrease apoptosis, LDH activity, MDA, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) levels of H9C2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 157-162 34718238-9 2022 The tendency could be reversed by Dex, which could also upregulate SOD activity and decrease apoptosis, LDH activity, MDA, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) levels of H9C2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 169-193 34718238-9 2022 The tendency could be reversed by Dex, which could also upregulate SOD activity and decrease apoptosis, LDH activity, MDA, 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) levels of H9C2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 195-199 34718238-11 2022 Dex elevated cell viability, catalase, MnSOD, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NQO1) levels but suppressed apoptosis rate, GRP78, and CHOP levels by increasing miR-146a expression and downregulating ROS, phosphorylation of p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 catalase Rattus norvegicus 29-37 34718238-11 2022 Dex elevated cell viability, catalase, MnSOD, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NQO1) levels but suppressed apoptosis rate, GRP78, and CHOP levels by increasing miR-146a expression and downregulating ROS, phosphorylation of p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 39-44 34718238-11 2022 Dex elevated cell viability, catalase, MnSOD, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NQO1) levels but suppressed apoptosis rate, GRP78, and CHOP levels by increasing miR-146a expression and downregulating ROS, phosphorylation of p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-77 34718238-11 2022 Dex elevated cell viability, catalase, MnSOD, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NQO1) levels but suppressed apoptosis rate, GRP78, and CHOP levels by increasing miR-146a expression and downregulating ROS, phosphorylation of p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 117-122 34718238-11 2022 Dex elevated cell viability, catalase, MnSOD, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NQO1) levels but suppressed apoptosis rate, GRP78, and CHOP levels by increasing miR-146a expression and downregulating ROS, phosphorylation of p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 128-132 34718238-11 2022 Dex elevated cell viability, catalase, MnSOD, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NQO1) levels but suppressed apoptosis rate, GRP78, and CHOP levels by increasing miR-146a expression and downregulating ROS, phosphorylation of p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 microRNA 146a Rattus norvegicus 154-162 34718238-11 2022 Dex elevated cell viability, catalase, MnSOD, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NQO1) levels but suppressed apoptosis rate, GRP78, and CHOP levels by increasing miR-146a expression and downregulating ROS, phosphorylation of p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 217-220 34718238-11 2022 Dex elevated cell viability, catalase, MnSOD, and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NQO1) levels but suppressed apoptosis rate, GRP78, and CHOP levels by increasing miR-146a expression and downregulating ROS, phosphorylation of p38, and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 226-268 34718238-12 2022 By using SB203580 (SB), the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, Dex or the inhibition of miR-146 upregulated cell viability but downregulated GRP78 and CHOP levels. Dexmedetomidine 83-86 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 161-166 34718238-12 2022 By using SB203580 (SB), the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor, Dex or the inhibition of miR-146 upregulated cell viability but downregulated GRP78 and CHOP levels. Dexmedetomidine 83-86 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 171-175 34718238-13 2022 CONCLUSION: Dex might regulate miR-146a expression, which could further modulate the endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress and eventually affect the cell viability and apoptosis of myocardial cells injured by H/R via the MAPK signal pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 microRNA 146a Rattus norvegicus 31-39 34718238-13 2022 CONCLUSION: Dex might regulate miR-146a expression, which could further modulate the endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress and eventually affect the cell viability and apoptosis of myocardial cells injured by H/R via the MAPK signal pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 233-237 34906421-10 2022 RESULTS: MAP < 70 mmHg was observed with vatinoxan alone and in the dopamine treatment with dexmedetomidine concentrations <= 10 ng mL-1. Dexmedetomidine 92-107 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 132-136 34906421-11 2022 Norepinephrine and phenylephrine maintained MAP 70-80 mmHg during vatinoxan and dexmedetomidine <= 10 ng mL-1. Dexmedetomidine 80-95 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 105-109 34987573-1 2021 Background: Dexmedetomidine is a selective alpha-2 agonist commonly used for sedation that has been used in obstetric anesthesia for multimodal labor analgesia, postcesarean delivery analgesia, and perioperative shivering. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 43-50 34961864-0 2021 (Dexmedetomidine alleviates LPS/D-Gal-induced acute liver injury via up-regulation of LC3-II expression in mice). Dexmedetomidine 1-16 microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha Mus musculus 86-89 34767940-3 2021 Dexmedetomidine, an alpha2- adrenergic agonist, differs from GABA-ergic sedatives both mechanistically and clinically as it allows easy arousability from deep sedation with less cognitive side-effects. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 20-26 34907251-14 2021 Of note, dexmedetomidine might be antiarrhythmic in acquired LQT2 by reducing SDR. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2 Homo sapiens 61-65 34916824-13 2021 Dex could antagonize sepsis-induced the decrease in the level of Nrf2. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 65-69 34916824-14 2021 The Nrf2 inhibitor reversed the protective effect of Dex on ferroptosis. Dexmedetomidine 53-56 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 4-8 34878923-6 2022 The above findings were in line with that of dexmedetomidine pretreatment, which increased the expression of tight junction proteins, but it decreased the levels of DAO, D-LA, FABP2, and endotoxin. Dexmedetomidine 45-60 D-amino-acid oxidase Rattus norvegicus 165-168 34878923-6 2022 The above findings were in line with that of dexmedetomidine pretreatment, which increased the expression of tight junction proteins, but it decreased the levels of DAO, D-LA, FABP2, and endotoxin. Dexmedetomidine 45-60 fatty acid binding protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 176-181 34878923-8 2022 Also, it showed that dexmedetomidine suppressed TLR4/JAK2/STAT3 pathway that was activated by cardiopulmonary bypass. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 48-52 34878923-8 2022 Also, it showed that dexmedetomidine suppressed TLR4/JAK2/STAT3 pathway that was activated by cardiopulmonary bypass. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 53-57 34878923-8 2022 Also, it showed that dexmedetomidine suppressed TLR4/JAK2/STAT3 pathway that was activated by cardiopulmonary bypass. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 58-63 34878923-9 2022 Together, these results revealed that dexmedetomidine pretreatment relieves intestinal microcirculation, attenuates intestinal damage, and inhibits the inflammatory response of cardiopulmonary bypass model rats, demonstrating that in CPB-induced damage of intestinal mucosal barrier function, dexmedetomidine pretreatment plays a protective role by inactivating TLR4/JAK2/STAT3-mediated inflammatory pathway. Dexmedetomidine 38-53 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 362-366 34878923-9 2022 Together, these results revealed that dexmedetomidine pretreatment relieves intestinal microcirculation, attenuates intestinal damage, and inhibits the inflammatory response of cardiopulmonary bypass model rats, demonstrating that in CPB-induced damage of intestinal mucosal barrier function, dexmedetomidine pretreatment plays a protective role by inactivating TLR4/JAK2/STAT3-mediated inflammatory pathway. Dexmedetomidine 38-53 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 367-371 34878923-9 2022 Together, these results revealed that dexmedetomidine pretreatment relieves intestinal microcirculation, attenuates intestinal damage, and inhibits the inflammatory response of cardiopulmonary bypass model rats, demonstrating that in CPB-induced damage of intestinal mucosal barrier function, dexmedetomidine pretreatment plays a protective role by inactivating TLR4/JAK2/STAT3-mediated inflammatory pathway. Dexmedetomidine 38-53 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 372-377 34878923-9 2022 Together, these results revealed that dexmedetomidine pretreatment relieves intestinal microcirculation, attenuates intestinal damage, and inhibits the inflammatory response of cardiopulmonary bypass model rats, demonstrating that in CPB-induced damage of intestinal mucosal barrier function, dexmedetomidine pretreatment plays a protective role by inactivating TLR4/JAK2/STAT3-mediated inflammatory pathway. Dexmedetomidine 293-308 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 362-366 34629333-1 2021 We aimed to determine whether dexmedetomidine administration with or without atropine increases cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level in healthy dogs. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 troponin I3, cardiac type Canis lupus familiaris 96-114 34629333-0 2021 Effect of administering dexmedetomidine with or without atropine on cardiac troponin I level in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 troponin I3, cardiac type Canis lupus familiaris 68-86 34809759-3 2021 Clonidine and dexmedetomidine are alpha2-adrenergic receptor (alpha2-AR) agonists that can greatly enhance various ERAS components owing to their unique pharmacologic properties: antinociception, anxiolysis, anti-inflammation, and renal protection. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 62-71 34629333-1 2021 We aimed to determine whether dexmedetomidine administration with or without atropine increases cardiac troponin I (cTnI) level in healthy dogs. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 troponin I3, cardiac type Canis lupus familiaris 116-120 34629333-2 2021 We hypothesized that 10 microg/kg dexmedetomidine + atropine increases the cTnI level, whereas 5 microg/kg dexmedetomidine + atropine does not. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 troponin I3, cardiac type Canis lupus familiaris 75-79 34629333-9 2021 The cTnI level in the atropine-dexmedetomidine (10 microg/kg) group was significantly higher than that in the saline-dexmedetomidine (10 microg/kg) and atropine-dexmedetomidine (5 microg/kg) groups at 6 and 12 hr after premedication. Dexmedetomidine 31-46 troponin I3, cardiac type Canis lupus familiaris 4-8 34629333-9 2021 The cTnI level in the atropine-dexmedetomidine (10 microg/kg) group was significantly higher than that in the saline-dexmedetomidine (10 microg/kg) and atropine-dexmedetomidine (5 microg/kg) groups at 6 and 12 hr after premedication. Dexmedetomidine 117-132 troponin I3, cardiac type Canis lupus familiaris 4-8 34629333-9 2021 The cTnI level in the atropine-dexmedetomidine (10 microg/kg) group was significantly higher than that in the saline-dexmedetomidine (10 microg/kg) and atropine-dexmedetomidine (5 microg/kg) groups at 6 and 12 hr after premedication. Dexmedetomidine 161-176 troponin I3, cardiac type Canis lupus familiaris 4-8 34629333-11 2021 The administration of atropine in combination with 10 microg/kg dexmedetomidine increased the cTnI level, indicating subclinical myocardial damage. Dexmedetomidine 64-79 troponin I3, cardiac type Canis lupus familiaris 94-98 34787053-0 2021 Circular RNA cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 antisense RNA (Circ-CDR1as) downregulation induced by dexmedetomidine treatment protects hippocampal neurons against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through the microRNA-28-3p (miR-28-3p)/tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-3 (TRAF3) axis. Dexmedetomidine 109-124 TNF receptor-associated factor 3 Mus musculus 292-297 34787053-14 2021 To sum up, our findings, for the first time, demonstrated that DEX exerted neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neurons against H/R treatment via the circ-CDR1as/miR-28-3p/TRAF3 regulatory network, providing novel therapeutic targets for DEX administration in CI/R treatment. Dexmedetomidine 63-66 microRNA 28a Mus musculus 164-170 34787053-14 2021 To sum up, our findings, for the first time, demonstrated that DEX exerted neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neurons against H/R treatment via the circ-CDR1as/miR-28-3p/TRAF3 regulatory network, providing novel therapeutic targets for DEX administration in CI/R treatment. Dexmedetomidine 63-66 TNF receptor-associated factor 3 Mus musculus 174-179 34516310-0 2021 Long non-coding RNA MALAT1 enhances the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on acute lung injury by sponging miR-135a-5p to downregulate the ratio of X-box binding proteins XBP-1S/XBP-1U. Dexmedetomidine 61-76 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 20-26 34644786-11 2021 RESULTS: DEX preconditioning improved the cardiac function of I/R hearts, reduced myocardial infarction, myocardial apoptosis, and the expression of GRP78, p-PERK, eIF2alpha, p-eIF2alpha, ATF4 and CHOP. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 149-154 34644786-11 2021 RESULTS: DEX preconditioning improved the cardiac function of I/R hearts, reduced myocardial infarction, myocardial apoptosis, and the expression of GRP78, p-PERK, eIF2alpha, p-eIF2alpha, ATF4 and CHOP. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Rattus norvegicus 164-173 34644786-11 2021 RESULTS: DEX preconditioning improved the cardiac function of I/R hearts, reduced myocardial infarction, myocardial apoptosis, and the expression of GRP78, p-PERK, eIF2alpha, p-eIF2alpha, ATF4 and CHOP. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Rattus norvegicus 177-186 34644786-11 2021 RESULTS: DEX preconditioning improved the cardiac function of I/R hearts, reduced myocardial infarction, myocardial apoptosis, and the expression of GRP78, p-PERK, eIF2alpha, p-eIF2alpha, ATF4 and CHOP. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 activating transcription factor 4 Rattus norvegicus 188-192 34644786-11 2021 RESULTS: DEX preconditioning improved the cardiac function of I/R hearts, reduced myocardial infarction, myocardial apoptosis, and the expression of GRP78, p-PERK, eIF2alpha, p-eIF2alpha, ATF4 and CHOP. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 197-201 34736995-15 2021 Interestingly, we identified dexmedetomidine (DMM), an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, inhibiting the secretion of infectious viral progeny by approx. Dexmedetomidine 29-44 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 55-62 34736995-15 2021 Interestingly, we identified dexmedetomidine (DMM), an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, inhibiting the secretion of infectious viral progeny by approx. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 55-62 34516310-10 2021 Then, the pathology, lung function indexes, levels of inflammatory factors, apoptosis of lung tissues in SD rats and apoptotic level of BEAS-2B cells were measured, so as to confirm whether upregulation of lncRNA MALAT1 was able to suppress ERS, thus enhancing the protective effect of DEX against ALI. Dexmedetomidine 286-289 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 213-219 34516310-11 2021 Herein, overexpression of lncRNA MALAT1 strengthened the remission effects of DEX on LPS-triggered ALI, severe pulmonary edema, inflammatory response and cell apoptosis of lung tissues in SD rats and reinforced the anti-apoptosis effect of DEX on LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. Dexmedetomidine 78-81 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 33-39 34516310-11 2021 Herein, overexpression of lncRNA MALAT1 strengthened the remission effects of DEX on LPS-triggered ALI, severe pulmonary edema, inflammatory response and cell apoptosis of lung tissues in SD rats and reinforced the anti-apoptosis effect of DEX on LPS-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. Dexmedetomidine 240-243 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 33-39 34516310-12 2021 Mechanically, lncRNA MALAT1 enhanced the protective effect of DEX against ALI by downregulating the ratio of XBP-1S/XBP-1U to repress ERS. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 21-27 34622713-9 2021 The ability of DEX to relieve oxidative stress of hippocampal neurons, restore damaged cells, and reduce hippocampal inflammation in SD rats may be related to the Rac1/AKT/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 168-171 34622713-7 2021 Compared with SD group, the escape latency was shortened, original platform-crossing times increased, MDA content declined, SOD activity rose, neurons were arranged orderly and number of Nissl bodies increased in the hippocampal CA1 region, levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in the hippocampus decreased, Rac1/AKT/NF-kappaB expressions were down-regulated, and proportion of NF-kappaB entering the nucleus declined in SD+DEX group (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 427-430 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 251-259 34622713-7 2021 Compared with SD group, the escape latency was shortened, original platform-crossing times increased, MDA content declined, SOD activity rose, neurons were arranged orderly and number of Nissl bodies increased in the hippocampal CA1 region, levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in the hippocampus decreased, Rac1/AKT/NF-kappaB expressions were down-regulated, and proportion of NF-kappaB entering the nucleus declined in SD+DEX group (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 427-430 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 261-270 34747306-0 2021 Protective effect of dexmedetomidine in cecal ligation perforation-induced acute lung injury through HMGB1/RAGE pathway regulation and pyroptosis activation. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 101-106 34622713-7 2021 Compared with SD group, the escape latency was shortened, original platform-crossing times increased, MDA content declined, SOD activity rose, neurons were arranged orderly and number of Nissl bodies increased in the hippocampal CA1 region, levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in the hippocampus decreased, Rac1/AKT/NF-kappaB expressions were down-regulated, and proportion of NF-kappaB entering the nucleus declined in SD+DEX group (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 427-430 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 276-280 34622713-7 2021 Compared with SD group, the escape latency was shortened, original platform-crossing times increased, MDA content declined, SOD activity rose, neurons were arranged orderly and number of Nissl bodies increased in the hippocampal CA1 region, levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in the hippocampus decreased, Rac1/AKT/NF-kappaB expressions were down-regulated, and proportion of NF-kappaB entering the nucleus declined in SD+DEX group (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 427-430 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 311-315 34622713-7 2021 Compared with SD group, the escape latency was shortened, original platform-crossing times increased, MDA content declined, SOD activity rose, neurons were arranged orderly and number of Nissl bodies increased in the hippocampal CA1 region, levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 in the hippocampus decreased, Rac1/AKT/NF-kappaB expressions were down-regulated, and proportion of NF-kappaB entering the nucleus declined in SD+DEX group (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 427-430 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 316-319 34622713-9 2021 The ability of DEX to relieve oxidative stress of hippocampal neurons, restore damaged cells, and reduce hippocampal inflammation in SD rats may be related to the Rac1/AKT/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 163-167 34747306-10 2021 Moreover, DEX activated the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-kappaB pathway and upregulated the pyroptosis-related proteins. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 34-38 34747306-10 2021 Moreover, DEX activated the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-kappaB pathway and upregulated the pyroptosis-related proteins. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 39-48 34747306-11 2021 However, the protective DEX effect was impaired by RAGE overexpression in ALI mice and MLE-12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor Homo sapiens 51-55 34747306-12 2021 In addition, DEX treatment significantly suppressed HMGB1 translocation from the nucleus region to the cytoplasm, and this effect was reversed by RAGE overexpression. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 52-57 34747306-0 2021 Protective effect of dexmedetomidine in cecal ligation perforation-induced acute lung injury through HMGB1/RAGE pathway regulation and pyroptosis activation. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 107-111 34747306-12 2021 In addition, DEX treatment significantly suppressed HMGB1 translocation from the nucleus region to the cytoplasm, and this effect was reversed by RAGE overexpression. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 146-150 34747306-13 2021 These findings suggested that DEX may be a useful ALI treatment, and the protective effects on ALI mice may be through the inhibition of the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-kappaB pathway and cell pyroptosis. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 141-146 34747306-13 2021 These findings suggested that DEX may be a useful ALI treatment, and the protective effects on ALI mice may be through the inhibition of the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-kappaB pathway and cell pyroptosis. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 147-151 34747306-2 2021 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to attenuate cecal ligation perforation (CLP)-stimulated acute lung injury (ALI) by downregulating high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expressions. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 139-168 34747306-13 2021 These findings suggested that DEX may be a useful ALI treatment, and the protective effects on ALI mice may be through the inhibition of the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-kappaB pathway and cell pyroptosis. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 152-161 34747306-2 2021 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to attenuate cecal ligation perforation (CLP)-stimulated acute lung injury (ALI) by downregulating high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expressions. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 170-175 34593675-6 2021 Furthermore, addition of dexmedetomidine to Pecs II significantly reduced postoperative opioid consumption compared with Pecs II alone (SMD=-1.33, 95% CI (-2.28, -0.38), P=0.006). Dexmedetomidine 25-40 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D1 polypeptide Homo sapiens 136-142 34734676-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine attenuates propofol-induced apoptosis of neonatal hippocampal astrocytes by inhibiting the Bcl2l1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 107-113 34334080-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine improves oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) -induced neurological injury through regulating SNHG11/miR-324-3p/VEGFA axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 small nucleolar RNA host gene 11 Rattus norvegicus 122-128 34334080-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine improves oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) -induced neurological injury through regulating SNHG11/miR-324-3p/VEGFA axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 324 Rattus norvegicus 129-136 34334080-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine improves oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) -induced neurological injury through regulating SNHG11/miR-324-3p/VEGFA axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 140-145 34334080-2 2021 This study aims to investigate the role and molecular mechanism of SNHG11 in Dex-mediated neuroprotection. Dexmedetomidine 77-80 small nucleolar RNA host gene 11 Rattus norvegicus 67-73 34334080-5 2021 Additionally, Dex reversed the effects of SNHG11 on OGD/R-induced neurological injury. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 small nucleolar RNA host gene 11 Rattus norvegicus 42-48 34334080-8 2021 At last, Dex was also discovered to improve neurological injury through regulating SNHG11 in the rat model. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 small nucleolar RNA host gene 11 Rattus norvegicus 83-89 34334080-9 2021 In conclusion, our work demonstrated that Dex improved OGD/R-induced neurological injury via SNHG11/miR-324-3p/VEGFA axis. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 small nucleolar RNA host gene 11 Rattus norvegicus 93-99 34334080-9 2021 In conclusion, our work demonstrated that Dex improved OGD/R-induced neurological injury via SNHG11/miR-324-3p/VEGFA axis. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 microRNA 324 Rattus norvegicus 100-107 34334080-9 2021 In conclusion, our work demonstrated that Dex improved OGD/R-induced neurological injury via SNHG11/miR-324-3p/VEGFA axis. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 111-116 34101714-13 2021 Furthermore, dexmedetomidine induced a significant reduction in peri-operative serum HMGB1 level from the baseline (222.5 +- 408.3 pg ml-1) to the first postoperative day (152.2 +- 280.0 pg ml-1) P = 0.0033. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 34216249-0 2021 Circulating microRNA-30a-5p, microRNA-101-3p, microRNA-140-3p and microRNA-141-3p as potential biomarkers for dexmedetomidine response in pediatric patients. Dexmedetomidine 110-125 microRNA 30a Homo sapiens 12-24 34216249-1 2021 PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of plasma miR-30a-5p, miR-101-3p, miR-140-3p and miR-141-3p and their relationship to dexmedetomidine efficacy and adverse effects in pediatric patients. Dexmedetomidine 158-173 microRNA 30a Homo sapiens 82-89 34216249-2 2021 METHODS: The expression levels of miR-30a-5p, miR-101-3p, miR-140-3p and miR-141-3p were measured by qRT-PCR in plasma of 133 pediatric patients receiving dexmedetomidine for preoperative sedation. Dexmedetomidine 155-170 microRNA 30a Homo sapiens 34-41 34216249-11 2021 CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that circulating miR-101-3p, miR-140-3p and miR-30a-5p might be used as a blood-based marker for dexmedetomidine efficacy and safety in pediatric patients. Dexmedetomidine 132-147 microRNA 30a Homo sapiens 79-86 34747306-2 2021 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to attenuate cecal ligation perforation (CLP)-stimulated acute lung injury (ALI) by downregulating high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expressions. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 181-225 34747306-2 2021 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to attenuate cecal ligation perforation (CLP)-stimulated acute lung injury (ALI) by downregulating high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expressions. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 227-231 34747306-2 2021 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to attenuate cecal ligation perforation (CLP)-stimulated acute lung injury (ALI) by downregulating high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expressions. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 139-168 34747306-2 2021 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to attenuate cecal ligation perforation (CLP)-stimulated acute lung injury (ALI) by downregulating high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expressions. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 170-175 34747306-2 2021 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to attenuate cecal ligation perforation (CLP)-stimulated acute lung injury (ALI) by downregulating high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expressions. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 181-225 34747306-2 2021 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to attenuate cecal ligation perforation (CLP)-stimulated acute lung injury (ALI) by downregulating high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) expressions. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 227-231 34747306-3 2021 This study aimed to further investigate the specific mechanisms of RAGE and its potential-related mechanisms of DEX on ALI models in vitro and in vivo. Dexmedetomidine 112-115 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 67-71 34747306-9 2021 The MPO activity and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3) levels were also significantly reduced after DEX treatment compared with those in the ALI mice. Dexmedetomidine 180-183 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 4-7 34919243-5 2021 Compared to the control group, cardiac troponin I (cTn-I) concentration in the dexmedetomidine group was significantly decreased at the end of the operation, 24 h after the operation, and 48 h after the operation. Dexmedetomidine 79-94 troponin I3, cardiac type Homo sapiens 31-49 34919243-5 2021 Compared to the control group, cardiac troponin I (cTn-I) concentration in the dexmedetomidine group was significantly decreased at the end of the operation, 24 h after the operation, and 48 h after the operation. Dexmedetomidine 79-94 troponin I3, cardiac type Homo sapiens 51-56 34919243-7 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine can reduce CK-MB and cTn-I concentrations and shorten the length of ICU stays for patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 troponin I3, cardiac type Homo sapiens 50-55 34747306-9 2021 The MPO activity and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3) levels were also significantly reduced after DEX treatment compared with those in the ALI mice. Dexmedetomidine 180-183 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 45-72 34747306-9 2021 The MPO activity and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3) levels were also significantly reduced after DEX treatment compared with those in the ALI mice. Dexmedetomidine 180-183 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 74-91 34747306-9 2021 The MPO activity and inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3) levels were also significantly reduced after DEX treatment compared with those in the ALI mice. Dexmedetomidine 180-183 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 97-133 34747306-10 2021 Moreover, DEX activated the HMGB1/RAGE/NF-kappaB pathway and upregulated the pyroptosis-related proteins. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 28-33 34121490-8 2021 However, compared to that in the DEX + H2O2 group, cell viability in the mimic + DEX + H2O2 group was decreased, and the apoptotic rate was elevated with increased cleaved caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2 expression. Dexmedetomidine 33-36 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 172-181 34121490-8 2021 However, compared to that in the DEX + H2O2 group, cell viability in the mimic + DEX + H2O2 group was decreased, and the apoptotic rate was elevated with increased cleaved caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2 expression. Dexmedetomidine 33-36 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 196-201 34121490-0 2021 Protective effect of dexmedetomidine on neuronal hypoxic injury through inhibition of miR-134. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 microRNA 134 Rattus norvegicus 86-93 34121490-8 2021 However, compared to that in the DEX + H2O2 group, cell viability in the mimic + DEX + H2O2 group was decreased, and the apoptotic rate was elevated with increased cleaved caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2 expression. Dexmedetomidine 81-84 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 172-181 34121490-1 2021 OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of dexmedetomidine (DEX)-mediated miR-134 inhibition in hypoxia-induced damage in PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 39-54 microRNA 134 Rattus norvegicus 70-77 34121490-1 2021 OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of dexmedetomidine (DEX)-mediated miR-134 inhibition in hypoxia-induced damage in PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 56-59 microRNA 134 Rattus norvegicus 70-77 34121490-8 2021 However, compared to that in the DEX + H2O2 group, cell viability in the mimic + DEX + H2O2 group was decreased, and the apoptotic rate was elevated with increased cleaved caspase-3 and decreased Bcl-2 expression. Dexmedetomidine 81-84 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 196-201 34121490-5 2021 RESULTS: DEX treatment decreased H2O2-elevated miR-134 expression. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 microRNA 134 Rattus norvegicus 47-54 34121490-10 2021 However, this improvement of H2O2-induced inflammation and oxidative stress induced by DEX in PC12 cells could be reversed by the miR-134 mimic. Dexmedetomidine 87-90 microRNA 134 Rattus norvegicus 130-137 34121490-7 2021 In addition, both DEX and miR-134 inhibitor reduced the upregulated expression of cleaved caspase-3 and increased the downregulated expression of Bcl-2 in H2O2-induced PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 90-99 34121490-7 2021 In addition, both DEX and miR-134 inhibitor reduced the upregulated expression of cleaved caspase-3 and increased the downregulated expression of Bcl-2 in H2O2-induced PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 146-151 34121490-11 2021 CONCLUSION: DEX exerts protective effects to promote viability and reduce cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in H2O2-induced PC12 cells by inhibiting the expression of miR-134. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 microRNA 134 Rattus norvegicus 184-191 34448469-1 2021 ABSTRACT: Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) and imidazoline receptor (IR) agonist is most often used for the sedation of patients in the intensive care unit. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 57-66 34643849-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine attenuates haemorrhage-induced thalamic pain by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-kappaB/ERK1/2 pathway in mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 79-83 34643849-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine attenuates haemorrhage-induced thalamic pain by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-kappaB/ERK1/2 pathway in mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 84-93 34643849-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine attenuates haemorrhage-induced thalamic pain by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-kappaB/ERK1/2 pathway in mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 94-100 34643849-8 2021 Furthermore, the expression levels of Iba1, GFAP and proteins associated with the TLR4/NF-kappaB/ERK1/2 signalling pathway were greatly increased in mice with thalamic pain, but these effects were reversed by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 209-212 induction of brown adipocytes 1 Mus musculus 38-42 34643849-8 2021 Furthermore, the expression levels of Iba1, GFAP and proteins associated with the TLR4/NF-kappaB/ERK1/2 signalling pathway were greatly increased in mice with thalamic pain, but these effects were reversed by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 209-212 glial fibrillary acidic protein Mus musculus 44-48 34643849-8 2021 Furthermore, the expression levels of Iba1, GFAP and proteins associated with the TLR4/NF-kappaB/ERK1/2 signalling pathway were greatly increased in mice with thalamic pain, but these effects were reversed by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 209-212 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 82-86 34643849-8 2021 Furthermore, the expression levels of Iba1, GFAP and proteins associated with the TLR4/NF-kappaB/ERK1/2 signalling pathway were greatly increased in mice with thalamic pain, but these effects were reversed by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 209-212 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 87-96 34643849-8 2021 Furthermore, the expression levels of Iba1, GFAP and proteins associated with the TLR4/NF-kappaB/ERK1/2 signalling pathway were greatly increased in mice with thalamic pain, but these effects were reversed by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 209-212 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 97-103 34643849-9 2021 CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that DEX alleviates the inflammatory response during thalamic pain through the TLR4/NF-kappaB/ERK1/2 signalling pathway and might be a potential therapeutic agent for thalamic pain. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 112-116 34643849-9 2021 CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that DEX alleviates the inflammatory response during thalamic pain through the TLR4/NF-kappaB/ERK1/2 signalling pathway and might be a potential therapeutic agent for thalamic pain. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 117-126 34643849-9 2021 CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that DEX alleviates the inflammatory response during thalamic pain through the TLR4/NF-kappaB/ERK1/2 signalling pathway and might be a potential therapeutic agent for thalamic pain. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 127-133 34586578-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress to suppress pyroptosis of hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced intestinal epithelial cells via activating the SIRT1 expression. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 157-162 34586578-2 2021 Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathway, which could be activated by Dex, was reported to inhibit I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 55-58 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-9 34586578-2 2021 Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) pathway, which could be activated by Dex, was reported to inhibit I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 55-58 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 11-16 34586578-4 2021 We aimed to investigate whether Dex could attenuate pyroptosis of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced intestinal epithelial cells via activating SIRT1. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 145-150 34586578-7 2021 The expression of proteins involved in ERS including Grp78, Gadd153 and caspase 12 was enhanced upon H/R stimulation, but was reversely reduced by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 147-150 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 53-58 34586578-7 2021 The expression of proteins involved in ERS including Grp78, Gadd153 and caspase 12 was enhanced upon H/R stimulation, but was reversely reduced by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 147-150 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 60-67 34586578-7 2021 The expression of proteins involved in ERS including Grp78, Gadd153 and caspase 12 was enhanced upon H/R stimulation, but was reversely reduced by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 147-150 caspase 12 Rattus norvegicus 72-82 34586578-10 2021 The expression of SIRT1, which was reduced after H/R treatment was also partially rescued by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 93-96 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 34586578-11 2021 Finally, the above effects of Dex were all blocked by SIRT1 knockdown. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-59 34586578-12 2021 In conclusion, Dex could inhibit H/R-induced intestinal epithelial cells ERS, apoptosis and pyroptosis via activating SIRT1 expression. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 118-123 34590382-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine regulates sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity through the miR-330-3p/ULK1 axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 Homo sapiens 83-87 34590382-9 2021 In summary, our study demonstrated that Dex regulated cell apoptosis and mitophagy in Sev-induced neurotoxicity through the miR-330-3p/ULK1 axis. Dexmedetomidine 40-43 unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 Homo sapiens 135-139 34734676-13 2021 Taken together, the results indicate that DEX pretreatment reduces propofol-associated pro-apoptosis in developing astrocytes via downregulation of anti-apoptotic signaling mediated by Bcl2l1. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 185-191 34488061-13 2021 Dexmedetomidine led to a lower serum cystatin C on postoperative day 1 (median (IQR) mg/L: 1.31 (1.02-1.72) vs. 1.58 (1.28-1.96)). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cystatin C Homo sapiens 37-47 34448469-1 2021 ABSTRACT: Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) and imidazoline receptor (IR) agonist is most often used for the sedation of patients in the intensive care unit. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 57-66 34448469-8 2021 In addition, efaroxan, an alpha2-AR and imidazoline I1 receptor (I1R) antagonist, attenuated the inhibitory effects of DEX on SA node automaticity and If current activity, while yohimbine, an alpha2-AR selective antagonist, did not. Dexmedetomidine 119-122 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 26-35 34901039-9 2021 The receipt of remifentanil, propofol, Dex, and recovery time was significantly reduced in the RD2 group (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 39-42 peripherin 2 Homo sapiens 95-98 34229822-0 2021 Gold Nanoparticles with Dexmedetomidine Regulate GSK-3beta to Reduce Neurocognitive Effects in Anesthetized Rats. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha Rattus norvegicus 49-58 34229822-4 2021 Compared with that in the control group, GSK-3beta expression in AuNP-dexmedetomidine groups increased (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 70-85 glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha Rattus norvegicus 41-50 34229822-5 2021 The protein expression of GSK-3beta was higher and mRNA expression was significantly lower in the 100 mug/kg AuNP-dexmedetomidine group (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 114-129 glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha Rattus norvegicus 26-35 34229822-6 2021 AuNPs-dexmedetomidine reduced the neurocognitive effect on anesthetized rats through the regulation of the GSK-3beta signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 6-21 glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha Rattus norvegicus 107-116 34782991-13 2022 RESULTS: The results showed that low doses of Dex suppress NLRP3 and interleukin-1beta in both terms. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 59-64 34848804-7 2021 In perilesional brain tissue, dexmedetomidine, compared to STROKE, decreased TNF-alpha (p = 0.010), while propofol increased VCAM-1 compared to STROKE (p = 0.024). Dexmedetomidine 30-45 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 77-86 34848804-7 2021 In perilesional brain tissue, dexmedetomidine, compared to STROKE, decreased TNF-alpha (p = 0.010), while propofol increased VCAM-1 compared to STROKE (p = 0.024). Dexmedetomidine 30-45 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 125-131 34848804-8 2021 In alveolar macrophages and endothelial cells, dexmedetomidine decreased IL-6 and IL-1beta compared to STROKE (p = 0.002, and p = 0.040, respectively), and reduced IL-1beta compared to propofol (p = 0.014). Dexmedetomidine 47-62 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 73-77 34848804-8 2021 In alveolar macrophages and endothelial cells, dexmedetomidine decreased IL-6 and IL-1beta compared to STROKE (p = 0.002, and p = 0.040, respectively), and reduced IL-1beta compared to propofol (p = 0.014). Dexmedetomidine 47-62 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 82-90 34848804-8 2021 In alveolar macrophages and endothelial cells, dexmedetomidine decreased IL-6 and IL-1beta compared to STROKE (p = 0.002, and p = 0.040, respectively), and reduced IL-1beta compared to propofol (p = 0.014). Dexmedetomidine 47-62 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 164-172 34884552-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Promotes Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Differentiation of Cardiac Fibroblasts and Collagen I/III Synthesis through alpha2A Adrenoreceptor-Mediated Activation of the PKC-p38-Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway in Mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 128-150 34884552-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Promotes Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Differentiation of Cardiac Fibroblasts and Collagen I/III Synthesis through alpha2A Adrenoreceptor-Mediated Activation of the PKC-p38-Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway in Mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 182-185 34884552-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Promotes Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Differentiation of Cardiac Fibroblasts and Collagen I/III Synthesis through alpha2A Adrenoreceptor-Mediated Activation of the PKC-p38-Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway in Mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 SMAD family member 2 Mus musculus 186-193 34884552-1 2021 Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective alpha2 adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist, is commonly used as a sedative drug during critical illness. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 ferredoxin reductase Mus musculus 63-65 34884552-1 2021 Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective alpha2 adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist, is commonly used as a sedative drug during critical illness. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 ferredoxin reductase Mus musculus 63-65 34884552-4 2021 These effects were significantly enhanced by DEX through increasing alpha2A-AR expression in CFs after LPS stimulation. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 adenosine A2a receptor Mus musculus 68-78 34884552-5 2021 The CFs from alpha2A-AR knockout mice were markedly less sensitive to DEX treatment than those of wild-type mice. Dexmedetomidine 70-73 adenosine A2a receptor Mus musculus 13-23 34884552-11 2021 Our results demonstrated that DEX effectively accelerated LPS-induced differentiation of CFs to myofibroblasts through the PKC-p38-Smad2/3 signaling pathway by activating alpha2A-AR. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 127-130 34884552-11 2021 Our results demonstrated that DEX effectively accelerated LPS-induced differentiation of CFs to myofibroblasts through the PKC-p38-Smad2/3 signaling pathway by activating alpha2A-AR. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 SMAD family member 2 Mus musculus 131-138 34884552-11 2021 Our results demonstrated that DEX effectively accelerated LPS-induced differentiation of CFs to myofibroblasts through the PKC-p38-Smad2/3 signaling pathway by activating alpha2A-AR. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 adenosine A2a receptor Mus musculus 171-181 34868950-1 2021 Objective: Dexmedetomidine has sympatholytic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects and may exert anti-tumor effect by acting on alpha2A adrenoreceptor. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 132-154 34868950-9 2021 Interferon-gamma increased postoperatively in the dexmedetomidine group, whereas it maintained at the baseline value in the control group. Dexmedetomidine 50-65 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-16 34868950-14 2021 Conclusions: Perioperative dexmedetomidine had no favorable impacts on NK cell activity, inflammatory responses, or prognosis, whereas it increased interferon-gamma and reduced early postoperative pain severity and opioid consumption in uterine cancer surgery patients. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 148-164 34782991-13 2022 RESULTS: The results showed that low doses of Dex suppress NLRP3 and interleukin-1beta in both terms. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 69-86 34584546-1 2021 The present study investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on the expression level of microRNA-320 (miR-320) and neuroglobin (NGB) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). Dexmedetomidine 46-61 microRNA 320a Homo sapiens 89-101 34506777-9 2021 The above findings indicated that DEX interacted with alpha2-AR in cardiomyocytes, inhibited B1R expression via suppression of AC, and stimulated B2R expression via activation of PI3K. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 54-63 34506777-9 2021 The above findings indicated that DEX interacted with alpha2-AR in cardiomyocytes, inhibited B1R expression via suppression of AC, and stimulated B2R expression via activation of PI3K. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 bradykinin receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 93-96 34506777-9 2021 The above findings indicated that DEX interacted with alpha2-AR in cardiomyocytes, inhibited B1R expression via suppression of AC, and stimulated B2R expression via activation of PI3K. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 bradykinin receptor B2 Rattus norvegicus 146-149 34772407-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine inhibits mitochondria damage and apoptosis of enteric glial cells in experimental intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury via SIRT3-dependent PINK1/HDAC3/p53 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 sirtuin 3 Rattus norvegicus 141-146 34772407-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine inhibits mitochondria damage and apoptosis of enteric glial cells in experimental intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury via SIRT3-dependent PINK1/HDAC3/p53 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 PTEN induced kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 157-162 34772407-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine inhibits mitochondria damage and apoptosis of enteric glial cells in experimental intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury via SIRT3-dependent PINK1/HDAC3/p53 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 histone deacetylase 3 Rattus norvegicus 163-168 34772407-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine inhibits mitochondria damage and apoptosis of enteric glial cells in experimental intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury via SIRT3-dependent PINK1/HDAC3/p53 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 169-172 34506777-5 2021 Interestingly, we found that DEX regulated the expression of bradykinin (BK) receptors (B1R and B2R) in rat hearts during I/R injury and enhanced the protective action of BK administered during reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 bradykinin receptor B2 Rattus norvegicus 96-99 34506777-8 2021 We found that an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) antagonist (yohimbine) completely aborted DEX-induced B1R and B2R regulation; an adenylyl cyclase (AC) agonist (forskolin) blocked B1R downregulation, while a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) blocked B2R upregulation. Dexmedetomidine 91-94 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 38-47 34506777-8 2021 We found that an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) antagonist (yohimbine) completely aborted DEX-induced B1R and B2R regulation; an adenylyl cyclase (AC) agonist (forskolin) blocked B1R downregulation, while a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) blocked B2R upregulation. Dexmedetomidine 91-94 bradykinin receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 103-106 34506777-8 2021 We found that an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) antagonist (yohimbine) completely aborted DEX-induced B1R and B2R regulation; an adenylyl cyclase (AC) agonist (forskolin) blocked B1R downregulation, while a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) blocked B2R upregulation. Dexmedetomidine 91-94 bradykinin receptor B2 Rattus norvegicus 111-114 34506777-8 2021 We found that an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) antagonist (yohimbine) completely aborted DEX-induced B1R and B2R regulation; an adenylyl cyclase (AC) agonist (forskolin) blocked B1R downregulation, while a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) blocked B2R upregulation. Dexmedetomidine 91-94 bradykinin receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 180-183 34506777-8 2021 We found that an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) antagonist (yohimbine) completely aborted DEX-induced B1R and B2R regulation; an adenylyl cyclase (AC) agonist (forskolin) blocked B1R downregulation, while a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) blocked B2R upregulation. Dexmedetomidine 91-94 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit gamma Rattus norvegicus 208-237 34506777-8 2021 We found that an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) antagonist (yohimbine) completely aborted DEX-induced B1R and B2R regulation; an adenylyl cyclase (AC) agonist (forskolin) blocked B1R downregulation, while a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) blocked B2R upregulation. Dexmedetomidine 91-94 bradykinin receptor B2 Rattus norvegicus 274-277 34772407-7 2021 Further studies revealed that Dex provided protection against experimentally induced intestinal I/R injury in rats, while enhancing mitophagy, and suppressing apoptosis of EGCs through SIRT3-mediated PINK1/HDAC3/p53 pathway in the inflammation cell model. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 sirtuin 3 Rattus norvegicus 185-190 34772407-7 2021 Further studies revealed that Dex provided protection against experimentally induced intestinal I/R injury in rats, while enhancing mitophagy, and suppressing apoptosis of EGCs through SIRT3-mediated PINK1/HDAC3/p53 pathway in the inflammation cell model. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 PTEN induced kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 200-205 34772407-7 2021 Further studies revealed that Dex provided protection against experimentally induced intestinal I/R injury in rats, while enhancing mitophagy, and suppressing apoptosis of EGCs through SIRT3-mediated PINK1/HDAC3/p53 pathway in the inflammation cell model. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 histone deacetylase 3 Rattus norvegicus 206-211 34772407-7 2021 Further studies revealed that Dex provided protection against experimentally induced intestinal I/R injury in rats, while enhancing mitophagy, and suppressing apoptosis of EGCs through SIRT3-mediated PINK1/HDAC3/p53 pathway in the inflammation cell model. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 212-215 34772407-8 2021 CONCLUSION: Hence, these findings provide evidence supporting the protective effect of Dex against intestinal I/R injury and its underlying mechanism involving the SIRT3/PINK1/HDAC3/p53 axis. Dexmedetomidine 87-90 sirtuin 3 Rattus norvegicus 164-169 34772407-8 2021 CONCLUSION: Hence, these findings provide evidence supporting the protective effect of Dex against intestinal I/R injury and its underlying mechanism involving the SIRT3/PINK1/HDAC3/p53 axis. Dexmedetomidine 87-90 PTEN induced kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 170-175 34772407-8 2021 CONCLUSION: Hence, these findings provide evidence supporting the protective effect of Dex against intestinal I/R injury and its underlying mechanism involving the SIRT3/PINK1/HDAC3/p53 axis. Dexmedetomidine 87-90 histone deacetylase 3 Rattus norvegicus 176-181 34772407-8 2021 CONCLUSION: Hence, these findings provide evidence supporting the protective effect of Dex against intestinal I/R injury and its underlying mechanism involving the SIRT3/PINK1/HDAC3/p53 axis. Dexmedetomidine 87-90 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 182-185 34584546-1 2021 The present study investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on the expression level of microRNA-320 (miR-320) and neuroglobin (NGB) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). Dexmedetomidine 46-61 microRNA 320a Homo sapiens 103-110 34584546-1 2021 The present study investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on the expression level of microRNA-320 (miR-320) and neuroglobin (NGB) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). Dexmedetomidine 46-61 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 116-127 34584546-1 2021 The present study investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on the expression level of microRNA-320 (miR-320) and neuroglobin (NGB) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). Dexmedetomidine 46-61 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 129-132 34584546-8 2021 Compared with control subjects, patients in the dexmedetomidine group had higher NGB levels in the blood. Dexmedetomidine 48-63 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 81-84 34584546-9 2021 In the CATH.a cells, the dexmedetomidine treatment upregulated the NGB levels. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 neuroglobin Mus musculus 67-70 34584546-10 2021 Moreover, upon pre-incubation with NGB and LPS stimulation, dexmedetomidine elevated cell viability. Dexmedetomidine 60-75 neuroglobin Mus musculus 35-38 34584546-11 2021 Furthermore, miR-320 expression levels were significantly downregulated in the blood of patients in the dexmedetomidine group, as well as in the dexmedetomidine-induced cells. Dexmedetomidine 104-119 microRNA 320a Homo sapiens 13-20 34584546-11 2021 Furthermore, miR-320 expression levels were significantly downregulated in the blood of patients in the dexmedetomidine group, as well as in the dexmedetomidine-induced cells. Dexmedetomidine 145-160 microRNA 320a Homo sapiens 13-20 34584546-13 2021 Pre-administration of dexmedetomidine can decrease miR-320 expression level in the blood of patients undergoing OPCABG, stimulating the high expression of NGB and increasing the proliferation activity of neuronal cells, which may decrease the postoperative cognitive impairment. Dexmedetomidine 22-37 microRNA 320a Homo sapiens 51-58 34584546-13 2021 Pre-administration of dexmedetomidine can decrease miR-320 expression level in the blood of patients undergoing OPCABG, stimulating the high expression of NGB and increasing the proliferation activity of neuronal cells, which may decrease the postoperative cognitive impairment. Dexmedetomidine 22-37 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 155-158 34191321-1 2021 Retraction: "microRNA-129-5p involved in the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by targeting COL3A1 through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in neonatal rats," by Xiu-Min Zhou, Jie Liu, Ying Wang, Shu-Li Zhang, Xin Zhao, Xiang Xu, Jian Pei, Man-He Zhang, J Cell Biochem. Dexmedetomidine 71-86 collagen type III alpha 1 chain Rattus norvegicus 133-139 34191321-1 2021 Retraction: "microRNA-129-5p involved in the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by targeting COL3A1 through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in neonatal rats," by Xiu-Min Zhou, Jie Liu, Ying Wang, Shu-Li Zhang, Xin Zhao, Xiang Xu, Jian Pei, Man-He Zhang, J Cell Biochem. Dexmedetomidine 71-86 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 156-168 34363182-9 2021 DEX had the same effect as SB203582 in reducing the protein and mRNA expression of c-Myc and CLIC4. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 chloride intracellular channel 4 Rattus norvegicus 93-98 34664412-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine alleviates hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2-NLRP3 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 77-80 34664412-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine alleviates hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2-NLRP3 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 81-85 34664412-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine alleviates hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury via the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2-NLRP3 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 86-91 34664412-10 2021 Dex increased miR-494 expression, and miR-494 targeted JUND. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 microRNA 494 Homo sapiens 14-21 34664412-11 2021 miR-494 inhibition or JUND upregulation reversed the protective effect of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 74-77 microRNA 494 Homo sapiens 0-7 34664412-11 2021 miR-494 inhibition or JUND upregulation reversed the protective effect of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 74-77 JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 22-26 34664412-12 2021 Dex repressed NLRP3 inflammasome by activating the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 14-19 34664412-12 2021 Dex repressed NLRP3 inflammasome by activating the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 34664412-12 2021 Dex repressed NLRP3 inflammasome by activating the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 60-64 34664412-14 2021 Overall, Dex repressed NLRP3 inflammasome and alleviated hepatic I/R injury via the miR-494/JUND/PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 axis. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 23-28 34664412-14 2021 Overall, Dex repressed NLRP3 inflammasome and alleviated hepatic I/R injury via the miR-494/JUND/PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 axis. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 microRNA 494 Homo sapiens 84-91 34664412-14 2021 Overall, Dex repressed NLRP3 inflammasome and alleviated hepatic I/R injury via the miR-494/JUND/PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 axis. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 92-96 34664412-14 2021 Overall, Dex repressed NLRP3 inflammasome and alleviated hepatic I/R injury via the miR-494/JUND/PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 axis. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 102-105 34664412-14 2021 Overall, Dex repressed NLRP3 inflammasome and alleviated hepatic I/R injury via the miR-494/JUND/PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 axis. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 106-110 34274907-9 2021 RESULTS: NGAL levels were significantly lower in the DEX group than in the Control group at 1 d and 5 d postoperatively (107.5 +- 55.6 ng mL-1versus 179.5 +- 78.2 ng mL-1; 70.3 +- 45.8 ng mL-1versus 135.2 +- 59.6 ng mL-1, P < 0.001), while the BUN and Cr levels showed no differences between the groups. Dexmedetomidine 53-56 lipocalin 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 34274907-10 2021 Serum DAO activity was significantly lower in the DEX group patients 24 h after surgery. Dexmedetomidine 50-53 D-amino acid oxidase Homo sapiens 6-9 34274907-11 2021 Moreover, I-FABP levels were markedly lower at 2 h and 24 h postoperatively in the DEX group than in the Control group (P < 0.001). Dexmedetomidine 83-86 fatty acid binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 10-16 34363182-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis via Inhibiting the p38 MAPK/c-Myc/CLIC4 Signaling Pathway in Rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 113-118 34363182-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hippocampal Neuronal Apoptosis via Inhibiting the p38 MAPK/c-Myc/CLIC4 Signaling Pathway in Rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 chloride intracellular channel 4 Rattus norvegicus 119-124 34363182-4 2021 We found that DEX improved LPS-induced alterations of hippocampal microstructure (necrosis and neuronal loss in the CA1 and CA3 regions) and ultrastructure (mitochondrial damage). Dexmedetomidine 14-17 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 116-119 34363182-4 2021 We found that DEX improved LPS-induced alterations of hippocampal microstructure (necrosis and neuronal loss in the CA1 and CA3 regions) and ultrastructure (mitochondrial damage). Dexmedetomidine 14-17 carbonic anhydrase 3 Rattus norvegicus 124-127 34363182-5 2021 DEX also attenuated LPS-induced inflammation and hippocampal apoptosis by inhibiting the increase of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-18, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and downregulating the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related proteins. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 101-118 34363182-5 2021 DEX also attenuated LPS-induced inflammation and hippocampal apoptosis by inhibiting the increase of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-18, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and downregulating the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related proteins. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 120-133 34363182-5 2021 DEX also attenuated LPS-induced inflammation and hippocampal apoptosis by inhibiting the increase of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-18, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and downregulating the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related proteins. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 18 Rattus norvegicus 135-149 34363182-5 2021 DEX also attenuated LPS-induced inflammation and hippocampal apoptosis by inhibiting the increase of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, interleukin-18, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and downregulating the expression of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway-related proteins. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 155-182 34363182-6 2021 Moreover, DEX prevented the LPS-induced activation of the c-Myc/chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) pathway. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 chloride intracellular channel 4 Rattus norvegicus 58-96 34363182-6 2021 Moreover, DEX prevented the LPS-induced activation of the c-Myc/chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) pathway. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 chloride intracellular channel 4 Rattus norvegicus 98-103 34363182-9 2021 DEX had the same effect as SB203582 in reducing the protein and mRNA expression of c-Myc and CLIC4. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 83-88 34825041-1 2021 Dexmedetomidine is an alpha-2 agonist sedative and analgesic used in anesthesia practice, and it has become more prevalent in the critically ill patients requiring short-term mechanical ventilation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 22-29 34754060-0 2021 Author Correction: Modulation of microglial phenotypes by dexmedetomidine through TREM2 reduces neuroinflammation in heatstroke. Dexmedetomidine 58-73 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 Homo sapiens 82-87 34709010-9 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine loading dose 1 mug/kg and maintenance dose 0.25 mug/kg/h produces a stable insulin level and significant postoperative decreases in glucagon, cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion with stable maintenance of intraoperative and postoperative blood glucose levels and decreased postoperative lactate levels in non-diabetic patients under general anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 insulin Homo sapiens 104-111 34709010-9 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine loading dose 1 mug/kg and maintenance dose 0.25 mug/kg/h produces a stable insulin level and significant postoperative decreases in glucagon, cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion with stable maintenance of intraoperative and postoperative blood glucose levels and decreased postoperative lactate levels in non-diabetic patients under general anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 glucagon Homo sapiens 161-169 34744722-1 2021 Objective: The aim of the present study is to explore the combination of dexmedetomidine (DXM) and tramadol (TMD) on sedative effect in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Dexmedetomidine 73-88 pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included) Homo sapiens 182-185 34744722-1 2021 Objective: The aim of the present study is to explore the combination of dexmedetomidine (DXM) and tramadol (TMD) on sedative effect in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Dexmedetomidine 90-93 pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included) Homo sapiens 182-185 34744722-7 2021 The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) of patients with PIH were decreased with the combinational treatment of DXM and TMD. Dexmedetomidine 125-128 pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included) Homo sapiens 70-73 34744722-8 2021 Interestingly, the PIH patients injected with DXM 1.0 microg/kg/h + TMD 700 mg and DXM 2.0 microg/kg/h + TMD 600 mg showed stronger sedative effect. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included) Homo sapiens 19-22 34744722-8 2021 Interestingly, the PIH patients injected with DXM 1.0 microg/kg/h + TMD 700 mg and DXM 2.0 microg/kg/h + TMD 600 mg showed stronger sedative effect. Dexmedetomidine 83-86 pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included) Homo sapiens 19-22 34744722-11 2021 Conclusion: Taken together, our study indicates that combination of DXM and TMD effectively lowers blood pressure and reduces inflammation through increasing the level of IL-10, reducing CRP and inhibiting p-p38/MAPK in patients with PIH. Dexmedetomidine 68-71 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 171-176 34744722-11 2021 Conclusion: Taken together, our study indicates that combination of DXM and TMD effectively lowers blood pressure and reduces inflammation through increasing the level of IL-10, reducing CRP and inhibiting p-p38/MAPK in patients with PIH. Dexmedetomidine 68-71 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 187-190 34744722-11 2021 Conclusion: Taken together, our study indicates that combination of DXM and TMD effectively lowers blood pressure and reduces inflammation through increasing the level of IL-10, reducing CRP and inhibiting p-p38/MAPK in patients with PIH. Dexmedetomidine 68-71 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 208-211 34744722-11 2021 Conclusion: Taken together, our study indicates that combination of DXM and TMD effectively lowers blood pressure and reduces inflammation through increasing the level of IL-10, reducing CRP and inhibiting p-p38/MAPK in patients with PIH. Dexmedetomidine 68-71 pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included) Homo sapiens 234-237 34744722-12 2021 This study suggests that the combination of DXM and TMD could be an anesthetic choice in the management of PIH. Dexmedetomidine 44-47 pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, toxemia of pregnancy included) Homo sapiens 107-110 34363182-10 2021 Furthermore, DEX and SB203582 diminished LPS-induced apoptosis, indicated by decreased Bax and Tom20 fluorescent double-stained cells, reduced annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis rate, and reduced protein expression levels of Bax, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 87-90 34363182-10 2021 Furthermore, DEX and SB203582 diminished LPS-induced apoptosis, indicated by decreased Bax and Tom20 fluorescent double-stained cells, reduced annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis rate, and reduced protein expression levels of Bax, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 annexin A5 Rattus norvegicus 143-152 34363182-10 2021 Furthermore, DEX and SB203582 diminished LPS-induced apoptosis, indicated by decreased Bax and Tom20 fluorescent double-stained cells, reduced annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis rate, and reduced protein expression levels of Bax, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 218-221 34363182-10 2021 Furthermore, DEX and SB203582 diminished LPS-induced apoptosis, indicated by decreased Bax and Tom20 fluorescent double-stained cells, reduced annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis rate, and reduced protein expression levels of Bax, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 245-254 34363182-10 2021 Furthermore, DEX and SB203582 diminished LPS-induced apoptosis, indicated by decreased Bax and Tom20 fluorescent double-stained cells, reduced annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis rate, and reduced protein expression levels of Bax, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 268-277 34363182-11 2021 Taken together, the findings indicate that DEX attenuates LPS-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis by regulating the p38 MAPK/c-Myc/CLIC4 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 128-133 34363182-11 2021 Taken together, the findings indicate that DEX attenuates LPS-induced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis by regulating the p38 MAPK/c-Myc/CLIC4 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 chloride intracellular channel 4 Rattus norvegicus 134-139 34692497-7 2021 Following a sharp decrease on postoperative day (POD) 1, NK cell activity recovered faster in the Dexmedetomidine group with significant difference vs. the Control group on POD 3 (P=0.028). Dexmedetomidine 98-113 transcription factor 21 Mus musculus 30-55 34650026-10 2021 Patients in the DEX group exhibited a reduced incidence of moderate-to-severe HIRI (88.5% vs 60.7%, P=0.020) and decreased level of serum alanine aminotransferase (median (interquartile range): 407 (230-826) vs 714 (527-1492) IU/L, P=0.048) compared with the controls. Dexmedetomidine 16-19 glutamic--pyruvic transaminase Homo sapiens 138-162 34712126-11 2021 Western Blot results indicated that Dex at doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg could significantly alleviate the Esk-induced c-Fos expression in the mice brain. Dexmedetomidine 36-39 FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 121-126 34625874-8 2022 Compared with I/R group, Dex and Oxy treatment down-regulated the expression of NF-kappaB, TLR4, TNF-alpha and CD68 (all p < 0.05), while no significantly different was found in CD206 and IL-10. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 80-89 34625874-8 2022 Compared with I/R group, Dex and Oxy treatment down-regulated the expression of NF-kappaB, TLR4, TNF-alpha and CD68 (all p < 0.05), while no significantly different was found in CD206 and IL-10. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 91-95 34625874-8 2022 Compared with I/R group, Dex and Oxy treatment down-regulated the expression of NF-kappaB, TLR4, TNF-alpha and CD68 (all p < 0.05), while no significantly different was found in CD206 and IL-10. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 97-106 34625874-8 2022 Compared with I/R group, Dex and Oxy treatment down-regulated the expression of NF-kappaB, TLR4, TNF-alpha and CD68 (all p < 0.05), while no significantly different was found in CD206 and IL-10. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 CD68 antigen Mus musculus 111-115 34625874-9 2022 In addition, Dex treatment down-regulated the expression of NR2B and reduced the frequency and amplitude of sEPSCs in I/R model mice (all p < 0.05), while Oxy had no significant effect on them. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2) Mus musculus 60-64 34625874-12 2022 Both Dex and Oxy could alleviate the inflammatory response likely by inhibiting the polarization of microglia toward M1 phenotype via TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 5-8 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 134-138 34625874-12 2022 Both Dex and Oxy could alleviate the inflammatory response likely by inhibiting the polarization of microglia toward M1 phenotype via TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 5-8 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 139-148 34692497-8 2021 In the Dexmedetomidine group, cortisol levels were lower on POD 3 (P=0.004) and TNF-alpha levels were lower at 4 weeks after surgery (P<0.001) compared to the Control group. Dexmedetomidine 7-22 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 80-89 34434260-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine alleviates inflammation in neuropathic pain by suppressing NLRP3 via Nrf2 activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 75-80 34606185-0 2021 Effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on serum S-100 beta protein and neuron-specific enolase in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 S100 calcium binding protein A1 Homo sapiens 55-65 34606185-0 2021 Effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine on serum S-100 beta protein and neuron-specific enolase in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 78-101 34434260-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine alleviates inflammation in neuropathic pain by suppressing NLRP3 via Nrf2 activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 85-89 34434260-13 2021 In summary, the results of the present study indicated that DEX reduced neuropathic pain in CCI rats by suppressing NLRP3 through Nrf2 activation. Dexmedetomidine 60-63 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 116-121 34434260-13 2021 In summary, the results of the present study indicated that DEX reduced neuropathic pain in CCI rats by suppressing NLRP3 through Nrf2 activation. Dexmedetomidine 60-63 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 130-134 34623242-0 2021 Effect of Dexmedetomidine on The Neuroglobin Expression in Elderly Patients With Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 33-44 34101715-11 2021 The Apgar score at 1 min in the remifentanil group was lower than that in the dexmedetomidine group for both quantitative (weighted mean difference (WMD): 0.75; 95% CI, 0.44 to 1.07; tau2 = 0.00) and categorical outcomes (>=Apgar 7 vs. =Apgar 7 vs. 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 77-80 34307889-10 2021 Furthermore, Dex and DB markedly increased the protein expression of PI3K, p-Akt, and p-PTEN in comparison with Con group (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in p-PTEN among DB-inhibitor, Con, and Bupi groups (P > 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 phosphatase and tensin homolog Homo sapiens 88-92 34307889-10 2021 Furthermore, Dex and DB markedly increased the protein expression of PI3K, p-Akt, and p-PTEN in comparison with Con group (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in p-PTEN among DB-inhibitor, Con, and Bupi groups (P > 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 phosphatase and tensin homolog Homo sapiens 180-184 34307889-11 2021 Conclusion: Dex reduced Bupi-induced vasopermeability through protein expression of ZO-1 and PI3K/Akt pathway, which may lead to the decrease of Bupi-induced cardiotoxicity. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 34285543-11 2021 Conclusion: The results above suggested that Q4KM35 and Q9JHW0, which are encoded by Psmb10 and Psmb7, respectively, are two possible protein targets of Dex in intestinal barrier repair. Dexmedetomidine 153-156 proteasome 20S subunit beta 10 Rattus norvegicus 85-91 34285543-11 2021 Conclusion: The results above suggested that Q4KM35 and Q9JHW0, which are encoded by Psmb10 and Psmb7, respectively, are two possible protein targets of Dex in intestinal barrier repair. Dexmedetomidine 153-156 proteasome 20S subunit beta 7 Rattus norvegicus 96-101 34322087-16 2021 Conclusions: PERM is an immune-mediated disorder, but dexmedetomidine, a highly selective alpha2-adrenergic agonist, may alleviate paroxysmal symptoms by decreasing noradrenergic neuronal activity, resulting in attenuation of antibody-mediated disinhibited increased motor and sympathetic activity. Dexmedetomidine 54-69 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 90-96 34306020-2 2021 Our previous studies showing the application of dexmedetomidine, an alpha2-AR agonist, can significantly improve maternal sleep, as well as relieve and reduce the incidence of PDS. Dexmedetomidine 48-63 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 68-74 34759546-9 2021 The duration of sensory blockade in Group LDP was significantly longer than Group LDI and Group L. The duration of motor blockade in Group LDP was prolonged compared to Group LDI and Group L. Conclusions: When dexmedetomidine is added as adjunct to levobupivacaine in supraclavicular BPB, onset of sensory and motor blockade is faster in perineural group, whereas duration of sensory and motor blockade and duration of analgesia are more prolonged when used perineurally than intravenously. Dexmedetomidine 210-225 carboxypeptidase Q Homo sapiens 42-45 34214520-1 2022 INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Dexmedetomidine are a potent adrenergic alpha-2 agonist, and analgesic, sedative, anxiolytic and sympatholytic. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 68-75 34182937-8 2021 In addition, dexmedetomidine post-conditioning attenuated the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha at 2 h, as well as interleukin IL-1beta at 2, 24, and 48 h. TUNEL staining showed that the number of apoptotic cells in the dexmedetomidine post-conditioning group was significantly reduced compared with the control group. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 173-181 34182937-8 2021 In addition, dexmedetomidine post-conditioning attenuated the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha at 2 h, as well as interleukin IL-1beta at 2, 24, and 48 h. TUNEL staining showed that the number of apoptotic cells in the dexmedetomidine post-conditioning group was significantly reduced compared with the control group. Dexmedetomidine 266-281 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 173-181 34182937-9 2021 Further western blot analysis indicated that dexmedetomidine markedly reduced the levels of caspase-3 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in the brain. Dexmedetomidine 45-60 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 92-101 34076679-0 2021 Correction: Dexmedetomidine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute liver injury in rats by inhibiting caveolin-1 downstream signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 caveolin 1 Rattus norvegicus 107-117 34172807-7 2021 TREM2 esiRNA reversed the DEX-induced activation of PI3K/Akt signalling. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 Mus musculus 0-5 34172807-7 2021 TREM2 esiRNA reversed the DEX-induced activation of PI3K/Akt signalling. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 57-60 34172807-8 2021 Overall these findings indicated that DEX may serve, as a potential therapeutic approach to ameliorate heatstroke induced neuroinflammation and brain injury via TREM2 by activating PI3K/Akt signalling. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 Mus musculus 161-166 34172807-8 2021 Overall these findings indicated that DEX may serve, as a potential therapeutic approach to ameliorate heatstroke induced neuroinflammation and brain injury via TREM2 by activating PI3K/Akt signalling. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 186-189 34914243-0 2021 (Effects of low-dose dexmedetomidine combined with hydromorphone in postoperative analgesia and on the serum IL-6 and CRP levels of prostate cancer patients). Dexmedetomidine 21-36 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 109-113 34914243-0 2021 (Effects of low-dose dexmedetomidine combined with hydromorphone in postoperative analgesia and on the serum IL-6 and CRP levels of prostate cancer patients). Dexmedetomidine 21-36 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 118-121 34914243-1 2021 Objective: To explore the effects of low-dose dexmedetomidine (DM) combined with hydromorphone (HM) in postoperative analgesia and on levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in PCa patients. Dexmedetomidine 46-61 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 150-163 34914243-1 2021 Objective: To explore the effects of low-dose dexmedetomidine (DM) combined with hydromorphone (HM) in postoperative analgesia and on levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in PCa patients. Dexmedetomidine 46-61 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 175-193 34238590-8 2021 The 50-mug/kg dexmedetomidine group showed a significant decrease in malondialdehyde levels (P = .002), increase in superoxide dismutase levels (P = .002), and a significantly lower level of phosphorylated tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nuclear factor-kappaB, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (P = .002, respectively) compared with the IR injury group. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 206-233 34202110-1 2021 Dexmedetomidine, selective alpha2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine, has been widely used clinically for sedation and anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 27-33 34202110-1 2021 Dexmedetomidine, selective alpha2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine, has been widely used clinically for sedation and anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine 53-68 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 27-33 34172807-0 2021 Modulation of microglial phenotypes by dexmedetomidine through TREM2 reduces neuroinflammation in heatstroke. Dexmedetomidine 39-54 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 Mus musculus 63-68 34172807-5 2021 We found that DEX treatment reduced the expression of CD68, iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta, and increased the expression of CD206, Arg1, IL-10 and TGF-beta in microglia, ameliorating heatstroke induced neuroinflammation and brain injury in mice. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 CD68 antigen Mus musculus 54-58 34172807-5 2021 We found that DEX treatment reduced the expression of CD68, iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta, and increased the expression of CD206, Arg1, IL-10 and TGF-beta in microglia, ameliorating heatstroke induced neuroinflammation and brain injury in mice. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 60-64 34172807-5 2021 We found that DEX treatment reduced the expression of CD68, iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta, and increased the expression of CD206, Arg1, IL-10 and TGF-beta in microglia, ameliorating heatstroke induced neuroinflammation and brain injury in mice. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 66-75 34172807-5 2021 We found that DEX treatment reduced the expression of CD68, iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta, and increased the expression of CD206, Arg1, IL-10 and TGF-beta in microglia, ameliorating heatstroke induced neuroinflammation and brain injury in mice. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 81-89 34172807-5 2021 We found that DEX treatment reduced the expression of CD68, iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta, and increased the expression of CD206, Arg1, IL-10 and TGF-beta in microglia, ameliorating heatstroke induced neuroinflammation and brain injury in mice. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 mannose receptor, C type 1 Mus musculus 123-128 34172807-5 2021 We found that DEX treatment reduced the expression of CD68, iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta, and increased the expression of CD206, Arg1, IL-10 and TGF-beta in microglia, ameliorating heatstroke induced neuroinflammation and brain injury in mice. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 arginase, liver Mus musculus 130-134 34172807-5 2021 We found that DEX treatment reduced the expression of CD68, iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta, and increased the expression of CD206, Arg1, IL-10 and TGF-beta in microglia, ameliorating heatstroke induced neuroinflammation and brain injury in mice. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 136-141 34172807-5 2021 We found that DEX treatment reduced the expression of CD68, iNOS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta, and increased the expression of CD206, Arg1, IL-10 and TGF-beta in microglia, ameliorating heatstroke induced neuroinflammation and brain injury in mice. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 transforming growth factor alpha Mus musculus 146-154 34172807-6 2021 TREM2, whose neuro-protective function has been validated by genetic studies in Alzheimer"s disease and Nasu-Hakola disease, was significantly promoted by DEX in the microglia. Dexmedetomidine 155-158 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 Mus musculus 0-5 34249955-1 2021 Background: Although clonidine and dexmedetomidine are used as alpha-2 agonists to improve the quality and duration of blockade induced by local anesthetics, no study has been reported to compare their associated adverse events in local anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine 35-50 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 63-70 34306386-0 2021 Effects of epidural anesthesia combined with dexmedetomidine on blood pressure, sedation, analgesia and serum beta-endorphin levels in patients with hip fractures. Dexmedetomidine 45-60 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 110-124 34306386-1 2021 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) combined with epidural anesthesia on blood pressure, sedation, analgesia and serum beta-endorphin levels in patients with hip fractures. Dexmedetomidine 40-55 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 145-159 34306386-1 2021 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) combined with epidural anesthesia on blood pressure, sedation, analgesia and serum beta-endorphin levels in patients with hip fractures. Dexmedetomidine 57-60 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 145-159 34759546-9 2021 The duration of sensory blockade in Group LDP was significantly longer than Group LDI and Group L. The duration of motor blockade in Group LDP was prolonged compared to Group LDI and Group L. Conclusions: When dexmedetomidine is added as adjunct to levobupivacaine in supraclavicular BPB, onset of sensory and motor blockade is faster in perineural group, whereas duration of sensory and motor blockade and duration of analgesia are more prolonged when used perineurally than intravenously. Dexmedetomidine 210-225 carboxypeptidase Q Homo sapiens 139-142 34135573-9 2021 Results: High concentrations of DEX (>=100 muM) significantly reduced cell viability, induced neuronal apoptosis, upregulated the protein expression of cleaved caspase 3, Bax, cleaved caspase 9, and Cyt-c. DEX also considerably promoted the release of ROS. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 171-174 34135573-9 2021 Results: High concentrations of DEX (>=100 muM) significantly reduced cell viability, induced neuronal apoptosis, upregulated the protein expression of cleaved caspase 3, Bax, cleaved caspase 9, and Cyt-c. DEX also considerably promoted the release of ROS. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 160-169 34135573-9 2021 Results: High concentrations of DEX (>=100 muM) significantly reduced cell viability, induced neuronal apoptosis, upregulated the protein expression of cleaved caspase 3, Bax, cleaved caspase 9, and Cyt-c. DEX also considerably promoted the release of ROS. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 184-193 34135573-9 2021 Results: High concentrations of DEX (>=100 muM) significantly reduced cell viability, induced neuronal apoptosis, upregulated the protein expression of cleaved caspase 3, Bax, cleaved caspase 9, and Cyt-c. DEX also considerably promoted the release of ROS. Dexmedetomidine 206-209 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 160-169 34135573-9 2021 Results: High concentrations of DEX (>=100 muM) significantly reduced cell viability, induced neuronal apoptosis, upregulated the protein expression of cleaved caspase 3, Bax, cleaved caspase 9, and Cyt-c. DEX also considerably promoted the release of ROS. Dexmedetomidine 206-209 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 171-174 34135573-9 2021 Results: High concentrations of DEX (>=100 muM) significantly reduced cell viability, induced neuronal apoptosis, upregulated the protein expression of cleaved caspase 3, Bax, cleaved caspase 9, and Cyt-c. DEX also considerably promoted the release of ROS. Dexmedetomidine 206-209 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 184-193 34135573-10 2021 However, DEX (>=100 muM) downregulated the protein expression of Bcl-2, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MTP), and reduced ATP synthesis. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 65-70 34237977-12 2021 Dex can alleviate cerebral CI/RI in rats by increasing alpha2-adrenergic receptor and blocking JNK phosphorylation and activation of caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 95-98 34237977-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting the JNK pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 90-93 34237977-2 2021 This study was conducted to explore the effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in CI/RI, and to provide a theoretical basis for the recovery of brain function after cerebral ischemia. Dexmedetomidine 51-66 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 80-103 34237977-2 2021 This study was conducted to explore the effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in CI/RI, and to provide a theoretical basis for the recovery of brain function after cerebral ischemia. Dexmedetomidine 51-66 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 105-108 34237977-2 2021 This study was conducted to explore the effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in CI/RI, and to provide a theoretical basis for the recovery of brain function after cerebral ischemia. Dexmedetomidine 68-71 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 80-103 34237977-2 2021 This study was conducted to explore the effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in CI/RI, and to provide a theoretical basis for the recovery of brain function after cerebral ischemia. Dexmedetomidine 68-71 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 105-108 34237977-7 2021 RESULTS: Compared with the Sham group, the rats in I/R, I/R + Dex, I/R + Yoh + Dex, and I/R + SP600125 groups developed hemiparesis of the left forelimb at different levels with a higher neurological deficit score, brain water content, infarct volume, and markedly upregulated expression of cleaved caspase-3, p-JNK (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 62-65 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 299-308 34237977-7 2021 RESULTS: Compared with the Sham group, the rats in I/R, I/R + Dex, I/R + Yoh + Dex, and I/R + SP600125 groups developed hemiparesis of the left forelimb at different levels with a higher neurological deficit score, brain water content, infarct volume, and markedly upregulated expression of cleaved caspase-3, p-JNK (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 62-65 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 312-315 34237977-7 2021 RESULTS: Compared with the Sham group, the rats in I/R, I/R + Dex, I/R + Yoh + Dex, and I/R + SP600125 groups developed hemiparesis of the left forelimb at different levels with a higher neurological deficit score, brain water content, infarct volume, and markedly upregulated expression of cleaved caspase-3, p-JNK (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 79-82 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 299-308 34237977-7 2021 RESULTS: Compared with the Sham group, the rats in I/R, I/R + Dex, I/R + Yoh + Dex, and I/R + SP600125 groups developed hemiparesis of the left forelimb at different levels with a higher neurological deficit score, brain water content, infarct volume, and markedly upregulated expression of cleaved caspase-3, p-JNK (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 79-82 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 312-315 32621112-3 2021 Dexmedetomidine is alpha-2 adrenoceptor highly selective agonist approved for procedural sedation use. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 19-26 34114328-0 2021 The alpha2AR/Caveolin-1/p38MAPK/NF-kappaB axis explains dexmedetomidine protection against lung injury following intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 56-71 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 4-12 34114328-0 2021 The alpha2AR/Caveolin-1/p38MAPK/NF-kappaB axis explains dexmedetomidine protection against lung injury following intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 56-71 caveolin 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-23 34114328-2 2021 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a highly selective alpha2-noradrenergic receptor (alpha2AR) agonist used in anaesthesia, is reported to regulate inflammation in organs. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 73-81 34114328-2 2021 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a highly selective alpha2-noradrenergic receptor (alpha2AR) agonist used in anaesthesia, is reported to regulate inflammation in organs. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 73-81 34114328-8 2021 Moreover, Dex had protective effects against lung injury by mediating the expression of Cal-1 and alpha2A -AR. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha Rattus norvegicus 88-93 34114328-8 2021 Moreover, Dex had protective effects against lung injury by mediating the expression of Cal-1 and alpha2A -AR. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 98-109 34114328-9 2021 Specifically, Dex promoted Cav-1 expression via alpha2A -AR activation and mitigated intestinal I/R-induced lung injury, even in the presence of Atipamezole. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 caveolin 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-32 34114328-9 2021 Specifically, Dex promoted Cav-1 expression via alpha2A -AR activation and mitigated intestinal I/R-induced lung injury, even in the presence of Atipamezole. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-55 34114328-9 2021 Specifically, Dex promoted Cav-1 expression via alpha2A -AR activation and mitigated intestinal I/R-induced lung injury, even in the presence of Atipamezole. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 ferredoxin reductase Rattus norvegicus 57-59 34114328-10 2021 The protective effect of Dex on intestinal I/R-induced lung injury was also closely related to alpha2A -AR/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases/nuclear factor-kappaB (MAPK/NF-kappaB) pathway. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 Rattus norvegicus 95-102 34114328-10 2021 The protective effect of Dex on intestinal I/R-induced lung injury was also closely related to alpha2A -AR/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases/nuclear factor-kappaB (MAPK/NF-kappaB) pathway. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 ferredoxin reductase Rattus norvegicus 104-106 34114328-11 2021 Dex can alleviate pulmonary inflammation after in intestinal I/R by promoting Cav-1 to inhibit the activation of p38 and NF-kappaB. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 caveolin 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-83 34114328-11 2021 Dex can alleviate pulmonary inflammation after in intestinal I/R by promoting Cav-1 to inhibit the activation of p38 and NF-kappaB. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 113-116 34237977-12 2021 Dex can alleviate cerebral CI/RI in rats by increasing alpha2-adrenergic receptor and blocking JNK phosphorylation and activation of caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 133-142 34108881-1 2021 Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective alpha2 adrenergic receptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, has been shown to have peripheral analgesic effects in a variety of pain conditions. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 63-72 34108881-7 2021 DEX-induced inhibition of ASIC currents was blocked by the alpha2A-AR antagonist BRL44408 in DRG neurons. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 59-69 34108881-8 2021 DEX also inhibited ASIC3 currents in CHO cells co-expressing ASIC3 and alpha2A-ARs, but not in ASIC3 transfected CHO cells without alpha2A-ARs expression. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 acid-sensing ion channel 3 Cricetulus griseus 19-24 34108881-8 2021 DEX also inhibited ASIC3 currents in CHO cells co-expressing ASIC3 and alpha2A-ARs, but not in ASIC3 transfected CHO cells without alpha2A-ARs expression. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 Rattus norvegicus 71-78 34108881-10 2021 In addition, peripherally administration of DEX dose-dependently relieved nociceptive responses to intraplantar injection of acetic acid in rats through local alpha2A-ARs. Dexmedetomidine 44-47 spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 Rattus norvegicus 159-166 34108881-11 2021 Our results indicated that DEX inhibited the functional activity of ASICs via alpha2A-ARs and intracellular Gi/o proteins and cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway in rat DRG neurons, which was a novel potential mechanism that probably mediated peripheral analgesia of DEX. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-85 34108881-11 2021 Our results indicated that DEX inhibited the functional activity of ASICs via alpha2A-ARs and intracellular Gi/o proteins and cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway in rat DRG neurons, which was a novel potential mechanism that probably mediated peripheral analgesia of DEX. Dexmedetomidine 271-274 spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-85 34093174-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Protects Human Cardiomyocytes Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through alpha2-Adrenergic Receptor/AMPK-Dependent Autophagy. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 117-121 34093174-5 2021 The results showed that when pretreated with Dex, the apoptosis marker-TUNEL and cleaved caspase 3 in the ventricular tissue were significantly reduced. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 89-98 34093174-7 2021 When exposed to the hypoxia/reoxygenation process, iPSC-CMs pretreated with Dex also showed reduced TUNEL and cleaved caspase 3 and increased LC3II. Dexmedetomidine 76-79 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 118-127 34093174-9 2021 In addition, when the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes was blocked by Bafilomycin A1, the degradation of p62 induced by Dex during the autophagy process was suspended. Dexmedetomidine 127-130 nucleoporin 62 Homo sapiens 112-115 34093174-10 2021 Moreover, when pretreated with Dex, both the human ventricle and the iPSC-CMs expressed more AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phospho AMPK (pAMPK) during the I/R process. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 93-121 34093174-10 2021 Moreover, when pretreated with Dex, both the human ventricle and the iPSC-CMs expressed more AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phospho AMPK (pAMPK) during the I/R process. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 123-127 34093174-10 2021 Moreover, when pretreated with Dex, both the human ventricle and the iPSC-CMs expressed more AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phospho AMPK (pAMPK) during the I/R process. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 141-145 34093174-11 2021 After AMPK knockout or the use of an alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonist-yohimbine, the protection of Dex and its enhancement of autophagy were inhibited. Dexmedetomidine 104-107 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 6-10 34079457-8 2021 Thus, this study demonstrated that DEX reduced NLRP3-mediated inflammation through the activation of the ubiquitin-autophagy pathway. Dexmedetomidine 35-38 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 47-52 34079457-11 2021 The anti-inflammatory effect of DEX was explored in vivo by detecting NLRP3-CASP1/IL-1beta protein expression and behavioral testing. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 70-75 34079457-11 2021 The anti-inflammatory effect of DEX was explored in vivo by detecting NLRP3-CASP1/IL-1beta protein expression and behavioral testing. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 caspase 1 Mus musculus 76-81 34079457-11 2021 The anti-inflammatory effect of DEX was explored in vivo by detecting NLRP3-CASP1/IL-1beta protein expression and behavioral testing. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 82-90 34079457-13 2021 Meanwhile, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was used to detect NLRP3 protein ubiquitination so as to clarify the new mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of DEX. Dexmedetomidine 168-171 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 61-66 34079457-14 2021 Results: Pre-administration of DEX reduced the protein expression of NLRP3, CASP1, and IL-1beta in the hippocampus of mice induced by surgery and also improved the impairment of learning and memory ability. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 69-74 34079457-14 2021 Results: Pre-administration of DEX reduced the protein expression of NLRP3, CASP1, and IL-1beta in the hippocampus of mice induced by surgery and also improved the impairment of learning and memory ability. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 caspase 1 Mus musculus 76-81 34079457-14 2021 Results: Pre-administration of DEX reduced the protein expression of NLRP3, CASP1, and IL-1beta in the hippocampus of mice induced by surgery and also improved the impairment of learning and memory ability. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 87-95 34079457-16 2021 DEX decreased the cleaved CASP1 expression, blocked the assembly of NLRP3-PYCARD-CASP1 complex, and also reduced the secretion of mature IL-1beta in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 caspase 1 Mus musculus 26-31 34108881-1 2021 Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a selective alpha2 adrenergic receptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, has been shown to have peripheral analgesic effects in a variety of pain conditions. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 63-72 34150070-9 2021 In addition, the relative expression of miR-1307 in MG-63 cells after DEX treatment decreased significantly comparing to the control group, and the decline was more noteworthy with the increase of DEX concentration (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 70-73 microRNA 1307 Homo sapiens 40-48 34079457-16 2021 DEX decreased the cleaved CASP1 expression, blocked the assembly of NLRP3-PYCARD-CASP1 complex, and also reduced the secretion of mature IL-1beta in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 68-73 34079457-16 2021 DEX decreased the cleaved CASP1 expression, blocked the assembly of NLRP3-PYCARD-CASP1 complex, and also reduced the secretion of mature IL-1beta in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 PYD and CARD domain containing Mus musculus 74-80 34079457-16 2021 DEX decreased the cleaved CASP1 expression, blocked the assembly of NLRP3-PYCARD-CASP1 complex, and also reduced the secretion of mature IL-1beta in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 caspase 1 Mus musculus 81-86 34079457-16 2021 DEX decreased the cleaved CASP1 expression, blocked the assembly of NLRP3-PYCARD-CASP1 complex, and also reduced the secretion of mature IL-1beta in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 137-145 34079457-19 2021 Conclusion: DEX attenuated the hippocampal brain inflammation by promoting NLRP3 inflammasome degradation via the autophagy-ubiquitin pathway, thus improving cognitive impairment in mice. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 75-80 34150070-0 2021 The effect of dexmedetomidine on biological behavior of osteosarcoma cells through miR-1307 expression. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 microRNA 1307 Homo sapiens 83-91 34150070-9 2021 In addition, the relative expression of miR-1307 in MG-63 cells after DEX treatment decreased significantly comparing to the control group, and the decline was more noteworthy with the increase of DEX concentration (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 197-200 microRNA 1307 Homo sapiens 40-48 34150070-1 2021 OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on biological behavior of osteosarcoma cells through expression of miR-1307. Dexmedetomidine 46-61 microRNA 1307 Homo sapiens 135-143 34150070-1 2021 OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on biological behavior of osteosarcoma cells through expression of miR-1307. Dexmedetomidine 63-66 microRNA 1307 Homo sapiens 135-143 34150070-10 2021 CONCLUSION: DEX can effectively inhibit the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells in a dose-dependent manner, and its efficacy may be related to its regulation of miR-1307 expression. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 microRNA 1307 Homo sapiens 198-206 34162568-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Myocardial Injury Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion by Inhibiting the HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 101-106 34865393-11 2021 At the same time points, the serum miR-183 levels in the dexmedetomidine group were all significantly higher than those in the control group after surgery (2.07+-0.41 vs 1.68+-0.60, 1.99+-0.33 vs 1.74+-0.54, 1.88+-0.36 vs 1.67+-0.54, respectively, all P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 57-72 microRNA 183 Homo sapiens 35-42 34865393-12 2021 Conclusion: A perioperative dose of dexmedetomidine in day surgery can significantly improve the remifentanil-related hyperalgesia, and it may be related to up-regulation of the expression of miR-183 in the blood. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 microRNA 183 Homo sapiens 192-199 34162568-1 2021 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on myocardial injury induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and to explore the role of the HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 40-55 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 164-168 34162568-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Myocardial Injury Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion by Inhibiting the HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 107-111 34162568-1 2021 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on myocardial injury induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and to explore the role of the HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 40-55 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 169-174 34162568-1 2021 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on myocardial injury induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and to explore the role of the HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 57-60 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 164-168 34162568-1 2021 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on myocardial injury induced by renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and to explore the role of the HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 57-60 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 169-174 34162568-5 2021 DEX reduced the plasma concentration of IL-17 and TnI in a dose-dependent manner in the renal I/R model rats and inhibited the protein expression of TLR4 and NF-kappaBp65 in a dose-dependent manner in the myocardial tissue. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 17A Rattus norvegicus 40-45 34162568-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Myocardial Injury Induced by Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion by Inhibiting the HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 112-117 34162568-5 2021 DEX reduced the plasma concentration of IL-17 and TnI in a dose-dependent manner in the renal I/R model rats and inhibited the protein expression of TLR4 and NF-kappaBp65 in a dose-dependent manner in the myocardial tissue. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 troponin I3, cardiac type Rattus norvegicus 50-53 34567178-0 2021 Evaluation of the Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction through Abeta and Cytokines Analysis. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 91-96 34162568-5 2021 DEX reduced the plasma concentration of IL-17 and TnI in a dose-dependent manner in the renal I/R model rats and inhibited the protein expression of TLR4 and NF-kappaBp65 in a dose-dependent manner in the myocardial tissue. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 149-153 34162568-6 2021 Additionally, mRNA expression of MyD88 was elevated in the I/R group compared with the control group, and DEX significantly reduced mRNA expression of MyD88 in the renal I/R model rats. Dexmedetomidine 106-109 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 151-156 34567178-4 2021 The results show that dexmedetomidine used during operation can inhibit the postoperative release of Abeta and cytokines in elderly patients, and dexmedetomidine used during operation can reduce the incidence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction, with dose-dependence. Dexmedetomidine 22-37 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 101-106 34672297-0 2021 Role of NR2B/ERK signaling in the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine against sevoflurane induced neurological dysfunction in the developing rat brain. Dexmedetomidine 60-75 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 8-12 34914301-5 2021 RESULTS: Lower levels of catalase and total superoxide dismutase were associated with longer time of ischemia (P<0.05) and higher in the IR than in the IR + Dex groups with the same duration of ischemia (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 157-160 catalase Rattus norvegicus 25-33 34914301-6 2021 The levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase were all significantly increased in the IR and IR + Dex groups compared with those in the sham control group (P<0.05), higher with longer time of ischemia (P<0.05), but lower in the IR + Dex than in the IR group with the same length of time of ischemia (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 116-119 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 48-63 34914301-6 2021 The levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase were all significantly increased in the IR and IR + Dex groups compared with those in the sham control group (P<0.05), higher with longer time of ischemia (P<0.05), but lower in the IR + Dex than in the IR group with the same length of time of ischemia (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 251-254 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 48-63 34349335-3 2020 Dexmedetomidine is a newer and potent alpha-2 receptor agonist which has 10 times higher selectivity for alpha-2 receptors as compared to clonidine, So far, very few studies have been undertaken to compare the efficacy of clonidine and dexmedetomidine to provide and prolong postoperative analgesia, especially with the use of ultrasound for nerve localization. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 105-112 34079457-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Mitigated NLRP3-Mediated Neuroinflammation via the Ubiquitin-Autophagy Pathway to Improve Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder in Mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 26-31 34079457-5 2021 The present study showed that DEX reduced the production of cleaved caspase1 (CASP1) and destroyed the NLRP3-PYD And CARD Domain Containing (PYCARD)-CASP1 complex assembly, thereby reducing the secretion of IL-1beta interleukin beta (IL-1beta). Dexmedetomidine 30-33 caspase 1 Mus musculus 68-76 34079457-5 2021 The present study showed that DEX reduced the production of cleaved caspase1 (CASP1) and destroyed the NLRP3-PYD And CARD Domain Containing (PYCARD)-CASP1 complex assembly, thereby reducing the secretion of IL-1beta interleukin beta (IL-1beta). Dexmedetomidine 30-33 caspase 1 Mus musculus 78-83 34079457-5 2021 The present study showed that DEX reduced the production of cleaved caspase1 (CASP1) and destroyed the NLRP3-PYD And CARD Domain Containing (PYCARD)-CASP1 complex assembly, thereby reducing the secretion of IL-1beta interleukin beta (IL-1beta). Dexmedetomidine 30-33 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 103-108 34079457-5 2021 The present study showed that DEX reduced the production of cleaved caspase1 (CASP1) and destroyed the NLRP3-PYD And CARD Domain Containing (PYCARD)-CASP1 complex assembly, thereby reducing the secretion of IL-1beta interleukin beta (IL-1beta). Dexmedetomidine 30-33 PYD and CARD domain containing Mus musculus 141-147 34079457-5 2021 The present study showed that DEX reduced the production of cleaved caspase1 (CASP1) and destroyed the NLRP3-PYD And CARD Domain Containing (PYCARD)-CASP1 complex assembly, thereby reducing the secretion of IL-1beta interleukin beta (IL-1beta). Dexmedetomidine 30-33 caspase 1 Mus musculus 149-154 34079457-5 2021 The present study showed that DEX reduced the production of cleaved caspase1 (CASP1) and destroyed the NLRP3-PYD And CARD Domain Containing (PYCARD)-CASP1 complex assembly, thereby reducing the secretion of IL-1beta interleukin beta (IL-1beta). Dexmedetomidine 30-33 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 234-242 34079457-6 2021 DEX promoted the autophagy process of microglia and reduced NLRP3 expression. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 60-65 34193687-8 2021 Furthermore, Dex inhibited pyroptosis and inflammasome formation (caspase-1, NLRP3, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC)). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 caspase 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-75 34193687-8 2021 Furthermore, Dex inhibited pyroptosis and inflammasome formation (caspase-1, NLRP3, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC)). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 77-82 34193687-8 2021 Furthermore, Dex inhibited pyroptosis and inflammasome formation (caspase-1, NLRP3, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC)). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 PYD and CARD domain containing Rattus norvegicus 88-127 34193687-8 2021 Furthermore, Dex inhibited pyroptosis and inflammasome formation (caspase-1, NLRP3, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC)). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 PYD and CARD domain containing Rattus norvegicus 129-132 34193687-9 2021 Finally, Dex attenuated interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18 expression, as well as microglia response. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 18 Rattus norvegicus 51-56 35486975-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine attenuates perioperative neurocognitive disorders by suppressing hippocampal neuroinflammation and HMGB1/RAGE/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 115-120 35486975-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine attenuates perioperative neurocognitive disorders by suppressing hippocampal neuroinflammation and HMGB1/RAGE/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Rattus norvegicus 121-125 35486975-8 2022 Nissl, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL-NeuN staining results indicated that Dex reduced hippocampus damage and neuronal apoptosis caused by surgery. Dexmedetomidine 75-78 RNA binding fox-1 homolog 3 Rattus norvegicus 38-42 35486975-9 2022 Dex preconditioning reduced the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 76-84 34672297-0 2021 Role of NR2B/ERK signaling in the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine against sevoflurane induced neurological dysfunction in the developing rat brain. Dexmedetomidine 60-75 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 13-16 35486975-9 2022 Dex preconditioning reduced the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 86-95 35486975-9 2022 Dex preconditioning reduced the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 100-104 34672297-10 2021 DEX regulated the NR2B/ERK signaling in sevoflurane treated rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 18-22 34672297-10 2021 DEX regulated the NR2B/ERK signaling in sevoflurane treated rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 23-26 35486975-11 2022 Western blot analysis showed that Dex preconditioning downregulated the expression of M1 phenotype markers (CD86 and iNOS), HMGB1, RAGE and nuclear NF-kappaB and upregulated the expression of M2 phenotype markers (Arginase 1 and CD206) and cytoplasmic NF-kappaB. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 CD86 molecule Rattus norvegicus 108-112 34672297-12 2021 DEX may protect against sevoflurane induced neurological dysfunction in the developing rat brain via regulating the NR2B/ERK signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 116-120 35486975-11 2022 Western blot analysis showed that Dex preconditioning downregulated the expression of M1 phenotype markers (CD86 and iNOS), HMGB1, RAGE and nuclear NF-kappaB and upregulated the expression of M2 phenotype markers (Arginase 1 and CD206) and cytoplasmic NF-kappaB. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 117-121 35486975-11 2022 Western blot analysis showed that Dex preconditioning downregulated the expression of M1 phenotype markers (CD86 and iNOS), HMGB1, RAGE and nuclear NF-kappaB and upregulated the expression of M2 phenotype markers (Arginase 1 and CD206) and cytoplasmic NF-kappaB. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 124-129 34672297-12 2021 DEX may protect against sevoflurane induced neurological dysfunction in the developing rat brain via regulating the NR2B/ERK signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 121-124 35486975-11 2022 Western blot analysis showed that Dex preconditioning downregulated the expression of M1 phenotype markers (CD86 and iNOS), HMGB1, RAGE and nuclear NF-kappaB and upregulated the expression of M2 phenotype markers (Arginase 1 and CD206) and cytoplasmic NF-kappaB. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Rattus norvegicus 131-135 35499365-0 2022 Effects of dexmedetomidine on cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation via the HDAC2/HIF-1alpha/PFKFB3 axis in a murine model of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 histone deacetylase 2 Mus musculus 82-87 35486975-11 2022 Western blot analysis showed that Dex preconditioning downregulated the expression of M1 phenotype markers (CD86 and iNOS), HMGB1, RAGE and nuclear NF-kappaB and upregulated the expression of M2 phenotype markers (Arginase 1 and CD206) and cytoplasmic NF-kappaB. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 arginase 1 Rattus norvegicus 214-224 35499365-13 2022 In conclusion, DEX-regulated HDAC2 may play an inhibitory role in mice with POCD through regulation of the HIF-1alpha/PFKFB3 axis. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 107-117 35499365-13 2022 In conclusion, DEX-regulated HDAC2 may play an inhibitory role in mice with POCD through regulation of the HIF-1alpha/PFKFB3 axis. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 Mus musculus 118-124 35167059-11 2022 Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced NRS scores comparing to placebo at 3 months (p = 0.018), while at 6 months, lidocaine was found superior to placebo (p = 0.02), but not to dexmedetomidine, in preventing neuropathic pain (DN4 < 4). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 sphingolipid transporter 1 (putative) Homo sapiens 38-41 35486975-13 2022 These results indicated that Dex pretreatment could improve postoperative short-term cognitive impairment, and the neuroprotective mechanism may involve the suppression of hippocampal neuroinflammation, regulation of M1/M2 polarization, and inhibition of HMGB1/RAGE/NF-kappaB signal transduction. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 255-260 35486975-13 2022 These results indicated that Dex pretreatment could improve postoperative short-term cognitive impairment, and the neuroprotective mechanism may involve the suppression of hippocampal neuroinflammation, regulation of M1/M2 polarization, and inhibition of HMGB1/RAGE/NF-kappaB signal transduction. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Rattus norvegicus 261-265 35199933-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine inhibits the growth and metastasis of esophageal cancer cells by down-regulation of lncRNA MALAT1. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (non-coding RNA) Mus musculus 107-113 35199933-1 2022 This study aims to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX)-on esophageal cancer (EC) via regulating long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1). Dexmedetomidine 42-57 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (non-coding RNA) Mus musculus 189-195 35199933-1 2022 This study aims to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX)-on esophageal cancer (EC) via regulating long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1). Dexmedetomidine 59-62 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (non-coding RNA) Mus musculus 189-195 35199933-2 2022 The effect of DEX on MALAT1 expression and EC cell viability was detected. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (non-coding RNA) Mus musculus 21-27 35199933-5 2022 DEX reduced the expression of MALAT1 in EC cells in a dose-dependent manner. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 30-36 35199933-6 2022 DEX inhibited the viability of EC cells, but increased the cell apoptosis, which, however, was reversed by MALAT1 overexpression. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 107-113 35199933-7 2022 Moreover, MALAT1 overexpression abolished the inhibitory effect of DEX on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of EC cells, with enhanced migration and invasion. Dexmedetomidine 67-70 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 10-16 35199933-8 2022 Furthermore, DEX succeeded in decreasing the tumor volume with the down-regulation of MALAT1. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 86-92 35199933-9 2022 In comparison with the DEX group, mice in the DEX + MALAT1 group had larger tumors, with the up-regulation of Ki-67 and the down-regulation of active caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 23-26 antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki 67 Mus musculus 110-115 35199933-9 2022 In comparison with the DEX group, mice in the DEX + MALAT1 group had larger tumors, with the up-regulation of Ki-67 and the down-regulation of active caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 23-26 caspase 3 Mus musculus 150-159 35199933-9 2022 In comparison with the DEX group, mice in the DEX + MALAT1 group had larger tumors, with the up-regulation of Ki-67 and the down-regulation of active caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki 67 Mus musculus 110-115 35199933-9 2022 In comparison with the DEX group, mice in the DEX + MALAT1 group had larger tumors, with the up-regulation of Ki-67 and the down-regulation of active caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 caspase 3 Mus musculus 150-159 35199933-10 2022 DEX can reduce the expression of MALAT1 in EC cells, thereby inhibiting the proliferation, invasion and migration, as well as EMT, and promoting the apoptosis of EC cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (non-coding RNA) Mus musculus 33-39 35499365-0 2022 Effects of dexmedetomidine on cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation via the HDAC2/HIF-1alpha/PFKFB3 axis in a murine model of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 88-98 35499365-0 2022 Effects of dexmedetomidine on cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation via the HDAC2/HIF-1alpha/PFKFB3 axis in a murine model of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 Mus musculus 99-105 35499365-2 2022 Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, has demonstrated neuroprotective effects. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Mus musculus 47-56 35499365-2 2022 Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, has demonstrated neuroprotective effects. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 adenosine A2a receptor Mus musculus 47-56 35499365-12 2022 DEX attenuated neuroinflammation and the resulting cognitive dysfunction by decreasing HDAC2 expression and HIF-1alpha-dependent PFKFB3 upregulation in POCD mice (p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 histone deacetylase 2 Mus musculus 87-92 35499365-12 2022 DEX attenuated neuroinflammation and the resulting cognitive dysfunction by decreasing HDAC2 expression and HIF-1alpha-dependent PFKFB3 upregulation in POCD mice (p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 108-118 35499365-12 2022 DEX attenuated neuroinflammation and the resulting cognitive dysfunction by decreasing HDAC2 expression and HIF-1alpha-dependent PFKFB3 upregulation in POCD mice (p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 Mus musculus 129-135 35499365-13 2022 In conclusion, DEX-regulated HDAC2 may play an inhibitory role in mice with POCD through regulation of the HIF-1alpha/PFKFB3 axis. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 histone deacetylase 2 Mus musculus 29-34 35619277-2 2022 OBJECTIVE: To examine the protective effect and function of DEX on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) and whether the effect is mediated by oxidative stress and apoptosis (with the involvement of Bcl-2, Bax, mitochondria, and Caspase-3). Dexmedetomidine 60-63 BCL-2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 209-214 35619277-2 2022 OBJECTIVE: To examine the protective effect and function of DEX on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) and whether the effect is mediated by oxidative stress and apoptosis (with the involvement of Bcl-2, Bax, mitochondria, and Caspase-3). Dexmedetomidine 60-63 apoptosis regulator BAX Oryctolagus cuniculus 216-219 35619277-2 2022 OBJECTIVE: To examine the protective effect and function of DEX on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCIRI) and whether the effect is mediated by oxidative stress and apoptosis (with the involvement of Bcl-2, Bax, mitochondria, and Caspase-3). Dexmedetomidine 60-63 caspase-3 Oryctolagus cuniculus 239-248 35619277-11 2022 Compared with I/R, DEX decreased MDA and increased SOD (P<0.01), upregulated Bcl-2 protein expression (P<0.05), downregulated Bax expression (P<0.05), decreased caspase-3 expression (P<0.05), prevented histological changes in neurons and decreased the apoptotic index of the TUNEL labeling (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 19-22 BCL-2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 77-82 35619277-11 2022 Compared with I/R, DEX decreased MDA and increased SOD (P<0.01), upregulated Bcl-2 protein expression (P<0.05), downregulated Bax expression (P<0.05), decreased caspase-3 expression (P<0.05), prevented histological changes in neurons and decreased the apoptotic index of the TUNEL labeling (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 19-22 apoptosis regulator BAX Oryctolagus cuniculus 126-129 35619277-11 2022 Compared with I/R, DEX decreased MDA and increased SOD (P<0.01), upregulated Bcl-2 protein expression (P<0.05), downregulated Bax expression (P<0.05), decreased caspase-3 expression (P<0.05), prevented histological changes in neurons and decreased the apoptotic index of the TUNEL labeling (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 19-22 caspase-3 Oryctolagus cuniculus 161-170 35614272-4 2022 Rats were treated with sevoflurane, propofol, and dexmedetomidine for 4 h. The expression of Per2 in SCN was analyzed using in situ hybridization, and the behavioral rhythm before and after anesthesia was analyzed. Dexmedetomidine 50-65 period circadian regulator 2 Rattus norvegicus 93-97 35618083-0 2022 Changes in gap junction proteins Connexin30.2 and Connexin40 expression in the sinoatrial node of rats with dexmedetomidine-induced sinus bradycardia. Dexmedetomidine 108-123 gap junction protein, delta 3 Rattus norvegicus 33-45 35605218-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine Leads to the Mitigation of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Diabetic Rats Via Modulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1alpha. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 136-167 35605218-1 2022 INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is to investigate the protective mechanism of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MIR)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) of diabetic rats by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha). Dexmedetomidine 88-103 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 214-245 35605218-1 2022 INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is to investigate the protective mechanism of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MIR)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) of diabetic rats by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha). Dexmedetomidine 88-103 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 247-257 35605218-1 2022 INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is to investigate the protective mechanism of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MIR)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) of diabetic rats by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha). Dexmedetomidine 105-108 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 214-245 35605218-1 2022 INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is to investigate the protective mechanism of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MIR)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) of diabetic rats by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha). Dexmedetomidine 105-108 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 247-257 35605218-8 2022 Besides, Dex could also inhibit HIF-1alpha expression. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 32-42 35605218-9 2022 Moreover, Dex + LV-HIF-1alpha reversed the protective role of Dex on diabetic MIR-induced ALI. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 19-29 35618083-0 2022 Changes in gap junction proteins Connexin30.2 and Connexin40 expression in the sinoatrial node of rats with dexmedetomidine-induced sinus bradycardia. Dexmedetomidine 108-123 gap junction protein, alpha 5 Rattus norvegicus 50-60 35605218-10 2022 CONCLUSION: Our study has made it clear that Dex inhibited the upregulation of HIF-1alpha in diabetic MIR-induced ALI, and thus protect lung functions by quenching the accumulation of oxygen radical and reducing lung inflammatory response. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 79-89 35618083-3 2022 This research investigates the expression of gap junction proteins Connexin30.2 (Cx30.2) and Connexin40 (Cx40) within the sinoatrial node of rats with Dex-induced sinus bradycardia. Dexmedetomidine 151-154 gap junction protein, delta 3 Rattus norvegicus 67-79 35618083-3 2022 This research investigates the expression of gap junction proteins Connexin30.2 (Cx30.2) and Connexin40 (Cx40) within the sinoatrial node of rats with Dex-induced sinus bradycardia. Dexmedetomidine 151-154 gap junction protein, delta 3 Rattus norvegicus 81-87 35618083-3 2022 This research investigates the expression of gap junction proteins Connexin30.2 (Cx30.2) and Connexin40 (Cx40) within the sinoatrial node of rats with Dex-induced sinus bradycardia. Dexmedetomidine 151-154 gap junction protein, alpha 5 Rattus norvegicus 93-103 35618083-3 2022 This research investigates the expression of gap junction proteins Connexin30.2 (Cx30.2) and Connexin40 (Cx40) within the sinoatrial node of rats with Dex-induced sinus bradycardia. Dexmedetomidine 151-154 gap junction protein, alpha 5 Rattus norvegicus 105-109 35618083-10 2022 RESULTS: The expression of Cx30.2 increased, whereas the expression of Cx40 decreased within the sinoatrial node of rats with Dex-induced sinus bradycardia. Dexmedetomidine 126-129 gap junction protein, beta 6 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 35618083-10 2022 RESULTS: The expression of Cx30.2 increased, whereas the expression of Cx40 decreased within the sinoatrial node of rats with Dex-induced sinus bradycardia. Dexmedetomidine 126-129 gap junction protein, alpha 5 Rattus norvegicus 71-75 35551994-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine protects against acute lung injury in mice via the DUSP1/MAPK/NF-kappaB axis by inhibiting miR-152-3p. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Mus musculus 67-72 35538293-0 2022 MiR-665 Participates in the Protective Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Ischemic Stroke by ROCK2/NF-kappaB Axis. Dexmedetomidine 49-64 microRNA 665 Mus musculus 0-7 35538293-0 2022 MiR-665 Participates in the Protective Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Ischemic Stroke by ROCK2/NF-kappaB Axis. Dexmedetomidine 49-64 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 87-92 35538293-0 2022 MiR-665 Participates in the Protective Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Ischemic Stroke by ROCK2/NF-kappaB Axis. Dexmedetomidine 49-64 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 93-102 35538293-3 2022 This paper aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of DEX in ischemic stroke through miR-665/ROCK2 axis. Dexmedetomidine 56-59 microRNA 665 Mus musculus 87-94 35538293-3 2022 This paper aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of DEX in ischemic stroke through miR-665/ROCK2 axis. Dexmedetomidine 56-59 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 95-100 35538293-13 2022 Moreover, the expression of miR-665 enhanced 2.9 times (P < 0.05) and the expression of ROCK2 (P < 0.05) and NF-kappaB p65 (P < 0.01) reduced 1.8 times and 2.2 times after DEX treatment in OGD induced HT22. Dexmedetomidine 172-175 microRNA 665 Mus musculus 28-35 35538293-13 2022 Moreover, the expression of miR-665 enhanced 2.9 times (P < 0.05) and the expression of ROCK2 (P < 0.05) and NF-kappaB p65 (P < 0.01) reduced 1.8 times and 2.2 times after DEX treatment in OGD induced HT22. Dexmedetomidine 172-175 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 88-93 35538293-14 2022 And miR-665 knockdown attenuated the effect of DEX on inflammation damage (the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 increased 1.36 times, 1.31 times, 1.43 time, respectively, and IL-10 decreased 1.68 times) and apoptosis from 17 to 25% (P < 0.01). Dexmedetomidine 47-50 microRNA 665 Mus musculus 4-11 35538293-14 2022 And miR-665 knockdown attenuated the effect of DEX on inflammation damage (the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 increased 1.36 times, 1.31 times, 1.43 time, respectively, and IL-10 decreased 1.68 times) and apoptosis from 17 to 25% (P < 0.01). Dexmedetomidine 47-50 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 89-98 35538293-14 2022 And miR-665 knockdown attenuated the effect of DEX on inflammation damage (the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 increased 1.36 times, 1.31 times, 1.43 time, respectively, and IL-10 decreased 1.68 times) and apoptosis from 17 to 25% (P < 0.01). Dexmedetomidine 47-50 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 100-108 35538293-14 2022 And miR-665 knockdown attenuated the effect of DEX on inflammation damage (the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 increased 1.36 times, 1.31 times, 1.43 time, respectively, and IL-10 decreased 1.68 times) and apoptosis from 17 to 25% (P < 0.01). Dexmedetomidine 47-50 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 113-117 35538293-14 2022 And miR-665 knockdown attenuated the effect of DEX on inflammation damage (the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 increased 1.36 times, 1.31 times, 1.43 time, respectively, and IL-10 decreased 1.68 times) and apoptosis from 17 to 25% (P < 0.01). Dexmedetomidine 47-50 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 181-186 35538293-16 2022 Furthermore, ROCK2 overexpression inhibited the protective effect of DEX in HT22 induced by OGD (P < 0.001), while miR-665 overexpression reversed the regulatory of ROCK2 (P < 0.01). Dexmedetomidine 69-72 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 13-18 35538293-16 2022 Furthermore, ROCK2 overexpression inhibited the protective effect of DEX in HT22 induced by OGD (P < 0.001), while miR-665 overexpression reversed the regulatory of ROCK2 (P < 0.01). Dexmedetomidine 69-72 microRNA 665 Mus musculus 115-122 35538293-16 2022 Furthermore, ROCK2 overexpression inhibited the protective effect of DEX in HT22 induced by OGD (P < 0.001), while miR-665 overexpression reversed the regulatory of ROCK2 (P < 0.01). Dexmedetomidine 69-72 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 165-170 35538293-18 2022 DEX has a protective effect in ischemic stroke by promoting miR-665 expression to downregulate ROCK2/NF-kappaB axis, suggesting DEX has a beneficial effect on ischemic stroke and miR-665 is a conceivable target for the therapeutics and diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 microRNA 665 Mus musculus 60-67 35538293-18 2022 DEX has a protective effect in ischemic stroke by promoting miR-665 expression to downregulate ROCK2/NF-kappaB axis, suggesting DEX has a beneficial effect on ischemic stroke and miR-665 is a conceivable target for the therapeutics and diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 95-100 35538293-18 2022 DEX has a protective effect in ischemic stroke by promoting miR-665 expression to downregulate ROCK2/NF-kappaB axis, suggesting DEX has a beneficial effect on ischemic stroke and miR-665 is a conceivable target for the therapeutics and diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 101-110 35538293-18 2022 DEX has a protective effect in ischemic stroke by promoting miR-665 expression to downregulate ROCK2/NF-kappaB axis, suggesting DEX has a beneficial effect on ischemic stroke and miR-665 is a conceivable target for the therapeutics and diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 microRNA 665 Mus musculus 179-186 35538293-18 2022 DEX has a protective effect in ischemic stroke by promoting miR-665 expression to downregulate ROCK2/NF-kappaB axis, suggesting DEX has a beneficial effect on ischemic stroke and miR-665 is a conceivable target for the therapeutics and diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Dexmedetomidine 128-131 microRNA 665 Mus musculus 60-67 35538293-18 2022 DEX has a protective effect in ischemic stroke by promoting miR-665 expression to downregulate ROCK2/NF-kappaB axis, suggesting DEX has a beneficial effect on ischemic stroke and miR-665 is a conceivable target for the therapeutics and diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Dexmedetomidine 128-131 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 95-100 35538293-18 2022 DEX has a protective effect in ischemic stroke by promoting miR-665 expression to downregulate ROCK2/NF-kappaB axis, suggesting DEX has a beneficial effect on ischemic stroke and miR-665 is a conceivable target for the therapeutics and diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Dexmedetomidine 128-131 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 101-110 35538293-18 2022 DEX has a protective effect in ischemic stroke by promoting miR-665 expression to downregulate ROCK2/NF-kappaB axis, suggesting DEX has a beneficial effect on ischemic stroke and miR-665 is a conceivable target for the therapeutics and diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Dexmedetomidine 128-131 microRNA 665 Mus musculus 179-186 35429176-0 2022 A pilot study of ADRA2A genotype association with doses of dexmedetomidine for sedation in pediatric patients. Dexmedetomidine 59-74 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 17-23 35429176-2 2022 In adults, dexmedetomidine response has been associated with an ADRA2A polymorphism (rs1800544); CC genotype is associated with an increased sedative response compared to GC and GG. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 64-70 35429176-4 2022 We conducted a pilot study to determine if ADRA2A genotype is associated with dexmedetomidine response in critically ill children. Dexmedetomidine 78-93 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 43-49 35507967-7 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine epidural anesthesia pretreatment could significantly inhibit visceral pain response in rats with functional chronic visceral pain, and its mechanism was related to the activation of TLR4 in spinal dorsal horn tissue of rats and the activation inhibition of IRF3 and P65 in the downstream key signals. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 211-215 35507967-7 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine epidural anesthesia pretreatment could significantly inhibit visceral pain response in rats with functional chronic visceral pain, and its mechanism was related to the activation of TLR4 in spinal dorsal horn tissue of rats and the activation inhibition of IRF3 and P65 in the downstream key signals. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 interferon regulatory factor 3 Rattus norvegicus 286-290 35507967-7 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine epidural anesthesia pretreatment could significantly inhibit visceral pain response in rats with functional chronic visceral pain, and its mechanism was related to the activation of TLR4 in spinal dorsal horn tissue of rats and the activation inhibition of IRF3 and P65 in the downstream key signals. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 synaptotagmin 1 Rattus norvegicus 295-298 35551994-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine protects against acute lung injury in mice via the DUSP1/MAPK/NF-kappaB axis by inhibiting miR-152-3p. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 78-87 35551994-12 2022 miR-125-3p overexpression or sh-DUSP1 partially abolished the protection of Dex on MPMVECs. Dexmedetomidine 76-79 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Mus musculus 32-37 35551994-14 2022 sh-DUSP1 partially averted the protection of Dex on MPMVECs. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Mus musculus 3-8 35551994-15 2022 Dex inhibited the activation of the MAPK/NF-kappaB pathway in MPMVECs mediated by LPS, which was partially reversed by sh-DUSP1. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 41-50 35551994-15 2022 Dex inhibited the activation of the MAPK/NF-kappaB pathway in MPMVECs mediated by LPS, which was partially reversed by sh-DUSP1. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Mus musculus 122-127 35551994-16 2022 The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 antagonized the protective effect of Dex on MPMVECs mediated by sh-DUSP1. Dexmedetomidine 69-72 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 4-12 35551994-16 2022 The p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 antagonized the protective effect of Dex on MPMVECs mediated by sh-DUSP1. Dexmedetomidine 69-72 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Mus musculus 99-104 35551994-18 2022 CONCLUSION: Dex relieved ALI in mice via the DUSP1/MAPK/NF-kappaB axis by down-regulating miR-152-3p. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Mus musculus 45-50 35551994-18 2022 CONCLUSION: Dex relieved ALI in mice via the DUSP1/MAPK/NF-kappaB axis by down-regulating miR-152-3p. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 56-65 35212945-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine post-conditioning alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by ferroptosis inhibition via SLC7A11/GPX4 axis activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 122-129 35527660-10 2022 CONCLUSION: DEX improved viability and barrier damage while suppressed apoptosis and inflammation in DSS-indued NCM460 cells by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 139-143 35366055-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine reduces enteric glial cell injury induced by intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury through mitochondrial localization of TERT. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 telomerase reverse transcriptase Rattus norvegicus 139-143 35366055-1 2022 This study was performed to uncover the effects of dexmedetomidine on oxidative stress injury induced by mitochondrial localization of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in enteric glial cells (EGCs) following intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rat models. Dexmedetomidine 51-66 telomerase reverse transcriptase Rattus norvegicus 135-167 35366055-1 2022 This study was performed to uncover the effects of dexmedetomidine on oxidative stress injury induced by mitochondrial localization of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) in enteric glial cells (EGCs) following intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rat models. Dexmedetomidine 51-66 telomerase reverse transcriptase Rattus norvegicus 169-173 35366055-8 2022 On the other hand, administration of dexmedetomidine was associated with promotion of mitochondrial localization of TERT, whilst oxidative stress, MPTP and mtDNA in EGCs, and EGC apoptosis were all inhibited, and the MMP and EGC viability were both increased. Dexmedetomidine 37-52 telomerase reverse transcriptase Rattus norvegicus 116-120 35366055-10 2022 Collectively, our findings highlighted the antioxidative effects of dexmedetomidine on EGCs following intestinal IRI, as dexmedetomidine alleviated mitochondrial damage by enhancing the mitochondrial localization of TERT. Dexmedetomidine 68-83 telomerase reverse transcriptase Rattus norvegicus 216-220 35366055-10 2022 Collectively, our findings highlighted the antioxidative effects of dexmedetomidine on EGCs following intestinal IRI, as dexmedetomidine alleviated mitochondrial damage by enhancing the mitochondrial localization of TERT. Dexmedetomidine 121-136 telomerase reverse transcriptase Rattus norvegicus 216-220 35527660-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine reduces dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced NCM460 cell inflammation and barrier damage by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 119-123 35527660-2 2022 MATERIAL AND METHODS: The viability and apoptosis of NCM460 cells treated with DEX with or without DSS were detected by CCK-8 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Dexmedetomidine 79-82 DNA nucleotidylexotransferase Homo sapiens 130-167 35527660-2 2022 MATERIAL AND METHODS: The viability and apoptosis of NCM460 cells treated with DEX with or without DSS were detected by CCK-8 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Dexmedetomidine 79-82 DNA nucleotidylexotransferase Homo sapiens 169-172 35527660-3 2022 The level of inflammatory factors and expression of inflammation-related proteins, tight junction proteins and Ras homolog gene family, member A/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (RhoA/ROCK) signaling-related proteins in NCM460 cells treated with DEX and/or U46619 (RhoA/ROCK agonist) and/or DSS were detected by the respective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and Western blot analysis. Dexmedetomidine 266-269 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 199-203 35527660-3 2022 The level of inflammatory factors and expression of inflammation-related proteins, tight junction proteins and Ras homolog gene family, member A/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (RhoA/ROCK) signaling-related proteins in NCM460 cells treated with DEX and/or U46619 (RhoA/ROCK agonist) and/or DSS were detected by the respective enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and Western blot analysis. Dexmedetomidine 266-269 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 285-289 35527660-8 2022 In addition, RhoA/ROCK signaling was activated in NCM460 cells induced by DSS, which was suppressed by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 103-106 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 13-17 35635079-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine protects H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by regulating the long non-coding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript 1/microRNA-8063/Wnt/beta-catenin axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Wnt family member 3A Rattus norvegicus 175-178 35635079-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine protects H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury by regulating the long non-coding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript 1/microRNA-8063/Wnt/beta-catenin axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 179-191 35635079-8 2022 Dex pretreatment increased H/R H9C2 cell viability and CCAT1 expression, while decreasing the cell apoptosis and Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and beta-catenin protein levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 Wnt family member 3A Rattus norvegicus 113-118 35635079-8 2022 Dex pretreatment increased H/R H9C2 cell viability and CCAT1 expression, while decreasing the cell apoptosis and Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and beta-catenin protein levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 Wnt family member 5A Rattus norvegicus 120-125 35635079-8 2022 Dex pretreatment increased H/R H9C2 cell viability and CCAT1 expression, while decreasing the cell apoptosis and Wnt3a, Wnt5a, and beta-catenin protein levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 131-143 35635079-10 2022 These results revealed that CCAT1, a sponge for miR-8063, is involved in Dex-mediated H9C2 cell H/R injury by negatively targeting miR-8063 and inactivating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Dexmedetomidine 73-76 Wnt family member 3A Rattus norvegicus 161-164 35635079-10 2022 These results revealed that CCAT1, a sponge for miR-8063, is involved in Dex-mediated H9C2 cell H/R injury by negatively targeting miR-8063 and inactivating the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Dexmedetomidine 73-76 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 165-177 35635079-11 2022 Dex protects H9C2 cells from H/R impairment by regulating the lncRNA CCAT1/miR-8063/Wnt/beta-catenin axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 Wnt family member 3A Rattus norvegicus 84-87 35635079-11 2022 Dex protects H9C2 cells from H/R impairment by regulating the lncRNA CCAT1/miR-8063/Wnt/beta-catenin axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 88-100 35212945-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine post-conditioning alleviates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by ferroptosis inhibition via SLC7A11/GPX4 axis activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 130-134 35212945-9 2022 Our results showed that DEX administration at the beginning of reperfusion attenuated IRI-induced myocardial injury, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibited the activation of SLC7A11/GPX4, and modulated the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, including SLC7A11, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain (FTH), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Dexmedetomidine 24-27 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 275-282 35212945-9 2022 Our results showed that DEX administration at the beginning of reperfusion attenuated IRI-induced myocardial injury, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibited the activation of SLC7A11/GPX4, and modulated the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, including SLC7A11, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain (FTH), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Dexmedetomidine 24-27 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 283-287 35212945-9 2022 Our results showed that DEX administration at the beginning of reperfusion attenuated IRI-induced myocardial injury, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibited the activation of SLC7A11/GPX4, and modulated the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, including SLC7A11, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain (FTH), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Dexmedetomidine 24-27 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 361-368 35212945-9 2022 Our results showed that DEX administration at the beginning of reperfusion attenuated IRI-induced myocardial injury, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibited the activation of SLC7A11/GPX4, and modulated the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, including SLC7A11, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain (FTH), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Dexmedetomidine 24-27 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 370-394 35212945-9 2022 Our results showed that DEX administration at the beginning of reperfusion attenuated IRI-induced myocardial injury, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibited the activation of SLC7A11/GPX4, and modulated the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, including SLC7A11, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain (FTH), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Dexmedetomidine 24-27 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 396-400 35212945-9 2022 Our results showed that DEX administration at the beginning of reperfusion attenuated IRI-induced myocardial injury, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibited the activation of SLC7A11/GPX4, and modulated the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, including SLC7A11, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain (FTH), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Dexmedetomidine 24-27 ferritin heavy chain 1 Rattus norvegicus 403-423 35212945-9 2022 Our results showed that DEX administration at the beginning of reperfusion attenuated IRI-induced myocardial injury, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibited the activation of SLC7A11/GPX4, and modulated the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, including SLC7A11, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain (FTH), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Dexmedetomidine 24-27 ferritin heavy chain 1 Rattus norvegicus 425-428 35212945-9 2022 Our results showed that DEX administration at the beginning of reperfusion attenuated IRI-induced myocardial injury, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibited the activation of SLC7A11/GPX4, and modulated the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, including SLC7A11, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain (FTH), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Dexmedetomidine 24-27 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 435-451 35212945-9 2022 Our results showed that DEX administration at the beginning of reperfusion attenuated IRI-induced myocardial injury, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibited the activation of SLC7A11/GPX4, and modulated the expression of ferroptosis-related proteins, including SLC7A11, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), ferritin heavy chain (FTH), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Dexmedetomidine 24-27 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 453-458 35212945-11 2022 Altogether, these results reveal that DEX inhibits ferroptosis by enhancing the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4, thereby preventing cardiac I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 solute carrier family 7 member 11 Rattus norvegicus 94-101 35212945-11 2022 Altogether, these results reveal that DEX inhibits ferroptosis by enhancing the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4, thereby preventing cardiac I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 glutathione peroxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 106-110 35511098-6 2022 This understanding of the brain functions subsumed by the LC has, in turn, led to the most recent development in the use of dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, to treat agitation in patients with bipolar disorder. Dexmedetomidine 124-139 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 144-151 35488217-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation/ reperfusion-induced inflammation through the miR-17-5p/ TLR4/ NF-kappaB axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 111-115 35259612-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Damage in Neonatal Rats Through Reducing MicroRNA-134-5p-Mediated NLRX1 Downregulation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family member X1 Rattus norvegicus 116-121 35259612-8 2022 Altered expression of miR-134-5p and NLR family member X1 (NLRX1) was induced in rats after Dex treatment for rescue experiments. Dexmedetomidine 92-95 microRNA 134 Rattus norvegicus 22-29 35488217-8 2022 RESULTS: DEX significantly decreased apoptosis rates and inhibited interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) release (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 67-85 35488217-8 2022 RESULTS: DEX significantly decreased apoptosis rates and inhibited interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) release (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 87-95 35488217-8 2022 RESULTS: DEX significantly decreased apoptosis rates and inhibited interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) release (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 9-12 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 98-125 35488217-8 2022 RESULTS: DEX significantly decreased apoptosis rates and inhibited interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) release (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 9-12 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 127-136 35488217-8 2022 RESULTS: DEX significantly decreased apoptosis rates and inhibited interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) release (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 143-156 35488217-8 2022 RESULTS: DEX significantly decreased apoptosis rates and inhibited interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) release (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 158-162 35488217-12 2022 miR-17-5p expression was upregulated in the OGD/R + DEX group, suppressing TLR4 expression and reducing the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 75-79 35488217-13 2022 CONCLUSION: DEX inhibits OGD/R-induced inflammation and apoptosis in PC12 cells by increasing miR-17-5p expression, downregulating TLR4, and inhibiting NF-kappaB signaling. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 131-135 35500513-13 2022 The TNF-alpha level in the DEX group was lower at 24 h than 0 h. The D-lactate level was significantly lower in the DEX group than the MID group at 24 h (P = 0.016). Dexmedetomidine 27-30 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 4-13 35500513-13 2022 The TNF-alpha level in the DEX group was lower at 24 h than 0 h. The D-lactate level was significantly lower in the DEX group than the MID group at 24 h (P = 0.016). Dexmedetomidine 116-119 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 4-13 35502244-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine Activates Akt, STAT6 and IRF4 Modulating Cytoprotection and Macrophage Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype Against Acute Lung Injury in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 26-29 35485905-8 2022 The preconditioning of remifentanil or DEX partially attenuated CPB-induced injury and -decreased expressions on p-AKT and HO-1, while further promoting CPB-induced expression of nuclear Nrf2 expression and inhibiting that of cytoplasm Nrf2. Dexmedetomidine 39-42 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 115-118 35485905-8 2022 The preconditioning of remifentanil or DEX partially attenuated CPB-induced injury and -decreased expressions on p-AKT and HO-1, while further promoting CPB-induced expression of nuclear Nrf2 expression and inhibiting that of cytoplasm Nrf2. Dexmedetomidine 39-42 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 123-127 35485905-8 2022 The preconditioning of remifentanil or DEX partially attenuated CPB-induced injury and -decreased expressions on p-AKT and HO-1, while further promoting CPB-induced expression of nuclear Nrf2 expression and inhibiting that of cytoplasm Nrf2. Dexmedetomidine 39-42 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 187-191 35485905-8 2022 The preconditioning of remifentanil or DEX partially attenuated CPB-induced injury and -decreased expressions on p-AKT and HO-1, while further promoting CPB-induced expression of nuclear Nrf2 expression and inhibiting that of cytoplasm Nrf2. Dexmedetomidine 39-42 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 236-240 35502244-8 2022 The similar pattern reduction of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by Dex was also found in A549 cells. Dexmedetomidine 66-69 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 33-38 35502244-10 2022 In cultured alveolar macrophages, Dex reduced LPS-mediated expression of IL-1, -6 and TNF-alpha receptors while promoting alveolar macrophages differentiation towards a M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 interleukin 16 Mus musculus 73-81 35502244-10 2022 In cultured alveolar macrophages, Dex reduced LPS-mediated expression of IL-1, -6 and TNF-alpha receptors while promoting alveolar macrophages differentiation towards a M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 86-95 35502244-11 2022 Additionally, LPS increased Akt signaling activation in a time-dependent manner, which was further activated by Dex via inhibiting phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Dexmedetomidine 112-115 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 28-31 35502244-11 2022 Additionally, LPS increased Akt signaling activation in a time-dependent manner, which was further activated by Dex via inhibiting phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Dexmedetomidine 112-115 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 131-161 35502244-11 2022 Additionally, LPS increased Akt signaling activation in a time-dependent manner, which was further activated by Dex via inhibiting phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Dexmedetomidine 112-115 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 163-167 35502244-12 2022 The action of Dex on Akt signaling shifted alveolar macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype through increasing STAT6 and IRF4 transcriptional factors. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 21-24 35502244-12 2022 The action of Dex on Akt signaling shifted alveolar macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype through increasing STAT6 and IRF4 transcriptional factors. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 Mus musculus 107-112 35502244-12 2022 The action of Dex on Akt signaling shifted alveolar macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype through increasing STAT6 and IRF4 transcriptional factors. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 interferon regulatory factor 4 Mus musculus 117-121 35502244-13 2022 Conclusion: Dex protected against LPS-induced lung injury and suppressed LPS-induced pulmonary inflammatory responses by attenuating the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and promoting anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 137-142 35494481-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine Mitigates Microglial Activation Associated with Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction by Modulating the MicroRNA-103a-3p/VAMP1 Axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 vesicle-associated membrane protein 1 Mus musculus 135-140 35494481-8 2022 Dexmedetomidine treatment markedly inhibited LPS-induced inflammation and the expression of VAMP1, and miR-103a-3p expression reversed this inhibition. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 vesicle-associated membrane protein 1 Mus musculus 92-97 35494481-10 2022 In this model, dexmedetomidine reversed miR-103a-3p and VAMP1 expression; this effect was abolished by miR-103a-3p overexpression. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 vesicle-associated membrane protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 56-61 35457136-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine-Induced Aortic Contraction Involves Transactivation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 75-107 35457136-1 2022 In this study, we examined whether aortic contraction, induced by the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine, is involved in the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in isolated endothelium-denuded rat aortas. Dexmedetomidine 99-114 UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C Rattus norvegicus 70-77 35457136-1 2022 In this study, we examined whether aortic contraction, induced by the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine, is involved in the transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in isolated endothelium-denuded rat aortas. Dexmedetomidine 99-114 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 192-196 35457136-5 2022 Dexmedetomidine-induced contraction was inhibited by the alpha-1 adrenoceptor inhibitor prazosin, rauwolscine, AG1478, PP1, PP2, and GM6001 alone or by a combined treatment with prazosin and AG1478. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 neuropeptide Y receptor Y4 Rattus norvegicus 119-122 35457136-7 2022 Dexmedetomidine-induced EGFR tyrosine and JNK phosphorylation were inhibited by rauwolscine, PP1, PP2, GM6001, and AG1478. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 24-28 35457136-7 2022 Dexmedetomidine-induced EGFR tyrosine and JNK phosphorylation were inhibited by rauwolscine, PP1, PP2, GM6001, and AG1478. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 42-45 35457136-7 2022 Dexmedetomidine-induced EGFR tyrosine and JNK phosphorylation were inhibited by rauwolscine, PP1, PP2, GM6001, and AG1478. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 neuropeptide Y receptor Y4 Rattus norvegicus 93-96 35457136-8 2022 Furthermore, dexmedetomidine-induced JNK phosphorylation reduced upon EGFR siRNA treatment. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 37-40 35457136-8 2022 Furthermore, dexmedetomidine-induced JNK phosphorylation reduced upon EGFR siRNA treatment. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 70-74 35457136-9 2022 Therefore, these results suggested that the transactivation of EGFR associated with dexmedetomidine-induced contraction, mediated by the alpha-2 adrenoceptor, Src kinase, and matrix metalloproteinase, caused JNK phosphorylation and increased calcium levels. Dexmedetomidine 84-99 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 63-67 35457136-9 2022 Therefore, these results suggested that the transactivation of EGFR associated with dexmedetomidine-induced contraction, mediated by the alpha-2 adrenoceptor, Src kinase, and matrix metalloproteinase, caused JNK phosphorylation and increased calcium levels. Dexmedetomidine 84-99 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 208-211 35259612-8 2022 Altered expression of miR-134-5p and NLR family member X1 (NLRX1) was induced in rats after Dex treatment for rescue experiments. Dexmedetomidine 92-95 NLR family member X1 Rattus norvegicus 37-57 35259612-8 2022 Altered expression of miR-134-5p and NLR family member X1 (NLRX1) was induced in rats after Dex treatment for rescue experiments. Dexmedetomidine 92-95 NLR family member X1 Rattus norvegicus 59-64 35259612-12 2022 Dex treatment reduced the expression of miR-134-5p. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 microRNA 134 Rattus norvegicus 40-47 35259612-14 2022 Overexpression of miR-134-5p blocked, whereas overexpression of NLRX1 strengthened the protective effects of Dex on neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 109-112 NLR family member X1 Rattus norvegicus 64-69 35259612-15 2022 CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that Dex treatment can alleviate HIBD in neonatal rats through restoring NLRX1 expression by suppressing miR-134-5p. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 NLR family member X1 Rattus norvegicus 109-114 35259612-15 2022 CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that Dex treatment can alleviate HIBD in neonatal rats through restoring NLRX1 expression by suppressing miR-134-5p. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 microRNA 134 Rattus norvegicus 141-148 35459107-10 2022 RESULTS: Post-MV, compared with group OLV, group DEX showed increases in percentage of target quadrant time (P < 0.05), platform crossings (P < 0.05), a reduction in CERO2 (P < 0.05), and pERK1/2, pCREB, and Bcl-2 significantly increased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), while BAX significantly decreased (P < 0.01), besides, a less damaged synaptic structure was observed in group DEX. Dexmedetomidine 49-52 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 208-213 35459107-10 2022 RESULTS: Post-MV, compared with group OLV, group DEX showed increases in percentage of target quadrant time (P < 0.05), platform crossings (P < 0.05), a reduction in CERO2 (P < 0.05), and pERK1/2, pCREB, and Bcl-2 significantly increased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), while BAX significantly decreased (P < 0.01), besides, a less damaged synaptic structure was observed in group DEX. Dexmedetomidine 49-52 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 268-271 35459107-11 2022 CONCLUSIONS: DEX improved post-MV cognitive function in rats undergoing OLV, reduced cerebral oxygen consumption, protected synaptic structure and upregulated ERK1/2-CREB anti-apoptotic signaling pathway in hippocampal CA1 region. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 159-165 35459107-11 2022 CONCLUSIONS: DEX improved post-MV cognitive function in rats undergoing OLV, reduced cerebral oxygen consumption, protected synaptic structure and upregulated ERK1/2-CREB anti-apoptotic signaling pathway in hippocampal CA1 region. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 166-170 35421323-1 2022 Dexmedetomidine is a selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist utilized for sedation in critically ill patients.1 We present the case of a morbidly obese critically ill patient who experienced profound hyperthermia, with a maximum temperature of 41.4 C, hours after starting a dexmedetomidine infusion that was otherwise not explained by her clinical diagnoses. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 31-38 35412062-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine attenuates hippocampal neuroinflammation in postoperative neurocognitive disorders by inhibiting microRNA-329-3p and activating the CREB1/IL1RA axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Mus musculus 148-153 35412062-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine attenuates hippocampal neuroinflammation in postoperative neurocognitive disorders by inhibiting microRNA-329-3p and activating the CREB1/IL1RA axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 1 receptor antagonist Mus musculus 154-159 35502244-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine Activates Akt, STAT6 and IRF4 Modulating Cytoprotection and Macrophage Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype Against Acute Lung Injury in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 Mus musculus 31-36 35502244-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine Activates Akt, STAT6 and IRF4 Modulating Cytoprotection and Macrophage Anti-Inflammatory Phenotype Against Acute Lung Injury in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interferon regulatory factor 4 Mus musculus 41-45 35502244-1 2022 Purpose: This study aims to investigate the cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of an alpha2-adrenoreceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, dexmedetomidine (Dex), on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute lung injury and underlying mechanisms with focus on alveolar macrophage polarization modulation. Dexmedetomidine 138-153 adenosine A2a receptor Mus musculus 118-127 35502244-1 2022 Purpose: This study aims to investigate the cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of an alpha2-adrenoreceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, dexmedetomidine (Dex), on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced acute lung injury and underlying mechanisms with focus on alveolar macrophage polarization modulation. Dexmedetomidine 155-158 adenosine A2a receptor Mus musculus 118-127 35502244-7 2022 Results: Dex treatment significantly reduced pro-inflammatory M1 macrophage polarization and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the lungs relative to the mice treated with LPS. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 93-98 35528513-10 2022 In addition, Dex could also increase the expression of mitophagy-related proteins p-AMPK, LC3II/I, PINK1, and Parkin and decrease P62. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 liver cell immortalization Mus musculus 90-97 35412062-11 2022 DEX treatment or miR-329-3p downregulation caused attenuated cognitive dysfunction and microglia activation as well as reduced IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels in the hippocampus of the postoperative NCD mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 127-135 35412062-11 2022 DEX treatment or miR-329-3p downregulation caused attenuated cognitive dysfunction and microglia activation as well as reduced IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels in the hippocampus of the postoperative NCD mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 137-141 35412062-11 2022 DEX treatment or miR-329-3p downregulation caused attenuated cognitive dysfunction and microglia activation as well as reduced IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels in the hippocampus of the postoperative NCD mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 147-156 35412062-14 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data provided the novel insight of the neuroprotective mechanism of DEX in postoperative NCD pertaining to the miR-329-3p/CREB1/IL1RA axis. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Mus musculus 153-158 35412062-14 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data provided the novel insight of the neuroprotective mechanism of DEX in postoperative NCD pertaining to the miR-329-3p/CREB1/IL1RA axis. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 interleukin 1 receptor antagonist Mus musculus 159-164 35528513-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine Can Enhance PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy in MPTP-Induced PD Mice Model by Activating AMPK. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 PTEN induced putative kinase 1 Mus musculus 28-33 35528513-7 2022 Our results showed that Dex (50 mug/kg) most significantly attenuated MPTP-induced motor dysfunction and restored TH-positive neurons in the SN, increased the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, and decreased the expression of apoptotic proteins cleaved casepase3, cleaved casepase9, and Bax. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 199-204 35528513-7 2022 Our results showed that Dex (50 mug/kg) most significantly attenuated MPTP-induced motor dysfunction and restored TH-positive neurons in the SN, increased the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2, and decreased the expression of apoptotic proteins cleaved casepase3, cleaved casepase9, and Bax. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 299-302 35528513-10 2022 In addition, Dex could also increase the expression of mitophagy-related proteins p-AMPK, LC3II/I, PINK1, and Parkin and decrease P62. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 PTEN induced putative kinase 1 Mus musculus 99-104 35528513-11 2022 However, after using Compound C (CC, 10 mg/kg, AMPK inhibitor), the effects of Dex on increasing PINK1/Parkin-induced mitophagy and neuroprotection were attenuated. Dexmedetomidine 79-82 PTEN induced putative kinase 1 Mus musculus 97-102 35528513-12 2022 In conclusion, Dex may improve mitochondrial function by activating AMPK to enhance PINK1/Parkin-induced mitophagy, thereby protecting dopaminergic neurons. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 PTEN induced putative kinase 1 Mus musculus 84-89 35568677-14 2022 HR was significantly lower, whereas MAP and DAP were significantly higher with dexmedetomidine during sedation and anaesthesia (p < 0.0001 for all) compared with acepromazine. Dexmedetomidine 79-94 death-associated protein 1 Canis lupus familiaris 44-47 35387565-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine prevents cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via modulating tetmethylcytosine dioxygenase 1-mediated DNA demethylation of Sirtuin1. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 151-159 35449859-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats by Activating the Nrf2/ARE Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 83-87 35449859-8 2022 Dex-treated rats were also associated with a decrease in TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 expression in alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 57-66 35449859-8 2022 Dex-treated rats were also associated with a decrease in TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 expression in alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 68-76 35449859-8 2022 Dex-treated rats were also associated with a decrease in TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 expression in alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 82-86 35449859-9 2022 Additionally, increased expression levels of HO-1 and NQO1 in lung tissues and elevated expression of Nrf2 in the nucleus were shown in the ALI-Dex group compared with the ALI group. Dexmedetomidine 144-147 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-49 35449859-9 2022 Additionally, increased expression levels of HO-1 and NQO1 in lung tissues and elevated expression of Nrf2 in the nucleus were shown in the ALI-Dex group compared with the ALI group. Dexmedetomidine 144-147 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-58 35449859-9 2022 Additionally, increased expression levels of HO-1 and NQO1 in lung tissues and elevated expression of Nrf2 in the nucleus were shown in the ALI-Dex group compared with the ALI group. Dexmedetomidine 144-147 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 102-106 35394159-2 2022 Here we report two single-blinded, placebo-controlled intravenous (IV) drug application studies in which we pharmacologically modified SNS activity with epinephrine (study 1) as well as dexmedetomidine (alpha2-agonist) and yohimbine (alpha2-antagonist) (study 2). Dexmedetomidine 186-201 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 203-209 35150656-8 2022 Finally, D2 receptor antagonists prevented the restoration of DEX on motor deficits. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 dopamine receptor D2 Mus musculus 9-20 35387565-12 2022 In terms of mechanism, inhibiting TET1 or Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) curbed the DEX-mediated myocardial protection. Dexmedetomidine 70-73 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 42-50 35387565-12 2022 In terms of mechanism, inhibiting TET1 or Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) curbed the DEX-mediated myocardial protection. Dexmedetomidine 70-73 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 52-57 35466860-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis by regulating LINC00982 and activating the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling in hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced H9c2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit gamma Rattus norvegicus 115-140 35387565-14 2022 DEX up-regulates Sirt1 by accelerating TET1 and mediating demethylation of the Sirt1 promoter and improves H/R-mediated myocardial injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 17-22 35466860-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis by regulating LINC00982 and activating the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling in hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced H9c2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 166-169 35466860-5 2022 In addition, DEX upregulated p-phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p-PI3K) and p-protein kinase B (p-AKT) levels, and the silencing of LINC00982 further enhanced this effect in H/R-induced H9c2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit gamma Rattus norvegicus 31-56 35466860-5 2022 In addition, DEX upregulated p-phosphoinositide-3-kinase (p-PI3K) and p-protein kinase B (p-AKT) levels, and the silencing of LINC00982 further enhanced this effect in H/R-induced H9c2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 92-95 35466860-7 2022 In sum, our work determined that DEX could suppress cell apoptosis and inflammation in H/R-triggered H9c2 through downregulating LINC00982 and activating PI3K/AKT signaling. Dexmedetomidine 33-36 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 159-162 35387565-14 2022 DEX up-regulates Sirt1 by accelerating TET1 and mediating demethylation of the Sirt1 promoter and improves H/R-mediated myocardial injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 35387565-14 2022 DEX up-regulates Sirt1 by accelerating TET1 and mediating demethylation of the Sirt1 promoter and improves H/R-mediated myocardial injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 79-84 35392150-9 2022 The use of SGB or Dex alone could significantly reduce the rate of pulmonary edema and lung cell apoptosis in HFD-induced obese rats and reduce MPO, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and MCP1 levels, increasing the activity of SOD and GSH-Px. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 144-147 35431940-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Intracerebral Hemorrhage-Induced Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Mice Through the Inhibition of TRPV4 Opening. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 Mus musculus 117-122 35431940-2 2022 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a highly selective alpha 2 adrenal receptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, was recently found to exert an excellent protective effect against mental disorders including anxiety. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Mus musculus 68-77 35431940-2 2022 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a highly selective alpha 2 adrenal receptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, was recently found to exert an excellent protective effect against mental disorders including anxiety. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 adenosine A2a receptor Mus musculus 68-77 35431940-4 2022 This study examines whether Dex improved ICH-induced anxiety via the inhibition of TRPV4 channel opening. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 Mus musculus 83-88 35431940-14 2022 Dex improves ICH-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice, and the mechanism might be associated with the inhibition of TRPV4-channel opening. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 Mus musculus 118-131 35370507-10 2022 Finally, we found that the TGF- beta1/Smad3 signal pathway was involved in the protective effect of DEX on DN. Dexmedetomidine 100-103 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 27-37 35370507-10 2022 Finally, we found that the TGF- beta1/Smad3 signal pathway was involved in the protective effect of DEX on DN. Dexmedetomidine 100-103 SMAD family member 3 Mus musculus 38-43 35370507-11 2022 DEX inhibited the activation of TGF-beta1/Smad3 signal pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 32-41 35370507-11 2022 DEX inhibited the activation of TGF-beta1/Smad3 signal pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 SMAD family member 3 Mus musculus 42-47 35392150-9 2022 The use of SGB or Dex alone could significantly reduce the rate of pulmonary edema and lung cell apoptosis in HFD-induced obese rats and reduce MPO, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and MCP1 levels, increasing the activity of SOD and GSH-Px. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 149-158 35392150-9 2022 The use of SGB or Dex alone could significantly reduce the rate of pulmonary edema and lung cell apoptosis in HFD-induced obese rats and reduce MPO, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and MCP1 levels, increasing the activity of SOD and GSH-Px. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 160-168 35392150-9 2022 The use of SGB or Dex alone could significantly reduce the rate of pulmonary edema and lung cell apoptosis in HFD-induced obese rats and reduce MPO, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and MCP1 levels, increasing the activity of SOD and GSH-Px. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 mast cell protease 1-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 174-178 35392150-10 2022 In addition, using SGB or Dex alone can also significantly reduce the protein expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, and p-PERK. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 99-104 35392150-10 2022 In addition, using SGB or Dex alone can also significantly reduce the protein expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, and p-PERK. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 106-110 35312207-1 2022 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), an alpha2-adrenergic receptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, possesses cardioprotection against ischaemic/hypoxic injury, but the exact mechanism is not fully elucidated. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 54-63 35312207-1 2022 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), an alpha2-adrenergic receptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, possesses cardioprotection against ischaemic/hypoxic injury, but the exact mechanism is not fully elucidated. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 54-63 35312207-3 2022 Result showed that Dex increased cell viability, decreased apoptosis, and reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy as illustrated by the decreases in cell surface area and the biomarker levels for cardiac hypertrophy including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and myosin heavy chain beta (beta-MHC) mRNA and protein in CoCl2 -exposed H9c2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 19-22 natriuretic peptide A Rattus norvegicus 220-246 35312207-2 2022 Since telomere/telomerase dysfunction is involved in myocardial ischemic damage, the present study aimed to investigate whether Dex ameliorates cobalt chloride (CoCl2; a hypoxia mimic agent in vitro)-induced the damage of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by improving telomere/telomerase dysfunction and further explored the underlying mechanism focusing on ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 128-131 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 345-351 35312207-3 2022 Result showed that Dex increased cell viability, decreased apoptosis, and reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy as illustrated by the decreases in cell surface area and the biomarker levels for cardiac hypertrophy including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and myosin heavy chain beta (beta-MHC) mRNA and protein in CoCl2 -exposed H9c2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 19-22 natriuretic peptide A Rattus norvegicus 248-251 35312207-3 2022 Result showed that Dex increased cell viability, decreased apoptosis, and reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy as illustrated by the decreases in cell surface area and the biomarker levels for cardiac hypertrophy including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and myosin heavy chain beta (beta-MHC) mRNA and protein in CoCl2 -exposed H9c2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 19-22 natriuretic peptide B Rattus norvegicus 254-279 35312207-2 2022 Since telomere/telomerase dysfunction is involved in myocardial ischemic damage, the present study aimed to investigate whether Dex ameliorates cobalt chloride (CoCl2; a hypoxia mimic agent in vitro)-induced the damage of H9c2 cardiomyocytes by improving telomere/telomerase dysfunction and further explored the underlying mechanism focusing on ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 128-131 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 352-356 35312207-3 2022 Result showed that Dex increased cell viability, decreased apoptosis, and reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy as illustrated by the decreases in cell surface area and the biomarker levels for cardiac hypertrophy including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and myosin heavy chain beta (beta-MHC) mRNA and protein in CoCl2 -exposed H9c2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 19-22 natriuretic peptide B Rattus norvegicus 281-284 35312207-4 2022 Intriguingly, Dex increased the telomere length and telomerase activity as well as telomere reverse transcriptase (TERT) protein and mRNA levels in H9c2 cells exposed to CoCl2 , indicating that Dex promotes telomere/telomerase function under hypoxia. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 telomerase reverse transcriptase Rattus norvegicus 115-119 35312207-4 2022 Intriguingly, Dex increased the telomere length and telomerase activity as well as telomere reverse transcriptase (TERT) protein and mRNA levels in H9c2 cells exposed to CoCl2 , indicating that Dex promotes telomere/telomerase function under hypoxia. Dexmedetomidine 194-197 telomerase reverse transcriptase Rattus norvegicus 115-119 35312207-6 2022 Furthermore, Dex increased the ratio of P-ERK1/2/T-ERK1/2 and P-Nrf2/T-Nrf2 and enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation in CoCl2 -subjected H9c2 cells, suggesting that Dex promotes the activation of the ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 64-68 35312207-6 2022 Furthermore, Dex increased the ratio of P-ERK1/2/T-ERK1/2 and P-Nrf2/T-Nrf2 and enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation in CoCl2 -subjected H9c2 cells, suggesting that Dex promotes the activation of the ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 71-75 35312207-6 2022 Furthermore, Dex increased the ratio of P-ERK1/2/T-ERK1/2 and P-Nrf2/T-Nrf2 and enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation in CoCl2 -subjected H9c2 cells, suggesting that Dex promotes the activation of the ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 89-93 35291989-1 2022 BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine (DEX), is a highly selective alpha2 adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, successfully used in various procedures including flexible bronchoscopy. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 78-87 35312207-6 2022 Furthermore, Dex increased the ratio of P-ERK1/2/T-ERK1/2 and P-Nrf2/T-Nrf2 and enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation in CoCl2 -subjected H9c2 cells, suggesting that Dex promotes the activation of the ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 199-205 35312207-6 2022 Furthermore, Dex increased the ratio of P-ERK1/2/T-ERK1/2 and P-Nrf2/T-Nrf2 and enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation in CoCl2 -subjected H9c2 cells, suggesting that Dex promotes the activation of the ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 206-210 35312207-6 2022 Furthermore, Dex increased the ratio of P-ERK1/2/T-ERK1/2 and P-Nrf2/T-Nrf2 and enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation in CoCl2 -subjected H9c2 cells, suggesting that Dex promotes the activation of the ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 164-167 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 64-68 35312207-6 2022 Furthermore, Dex increased the ratio of P-ERK1/2/T-ERK1/2 and P-Nrf2/T-Nrf2 and enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation in CoCl2 -subjected H9c2 cells, suggesting that Dex promotes the activation of the ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 164-167 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 71-75 35312207-6 2022 Furthermore, Dex increased the ratio of P-ERK1/2/T-ERK1/2 and P-Nrf2/T-Nrf2 and enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation in CoCl2 -subjected H9c2 cells, suggesting that Dex promotes the activation of the ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 164-167 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 89-93 35312207-6 2022 Furthermore, Dex increased the ratio of P-ERK1/2/T-ERK1/2 and P-Nrf2/T-Nrf2 and enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation in CoCl2 -subjected H9c2 cells, suggesting that Dex promotes the activation of the ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 164-167 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 199-205 35312207-6 2022 Furthermore, Dex increased the ratio of P-ERK1/2/T-ERK1/2 and P-Nrf2/T-Nrf2 and enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation in CoCl2 -subjected H9c2 cells, suggesting that Dex promotes the activation of the ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 164-167 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 206-210 35312207-7 2022 These novel findings indicated that Dex attenuates myocardial ischemic damage and reduces myocardial hypertrophy by promoting telomere/telomerase function, which may be associated with the activation of the ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 36-39 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 207-213 35312207-7 2022 These novel findings indicated that Dex attenuates myocardial ischemic damage and reduces myocardial hypertrophy by promoting telomere/telomerase function, which may be associated with the activation of the ERK1/2-Nrf2 signaling pathway in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 36-39 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 214-218 35449859-10 2022 Conclusion: Dex alleviates LPS-induced ALI by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 61-65 35291989-1 2022 BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine (DEX), is a highly selective alpha2 adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, successfully used in various procedures including flexible bronchoscopy. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 78-87 34951550-4 2022 Mice in the PKC-alpha inhibitor group received dexmedetomidine by intraperitoneal injection 1 h after each chelerythrine injection, and lipopolysaccharide was injected 1 h after the last dose of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 12-21 35464557-2 2022 On the other hand, dexmedetomidine is highly selective and has a greater affinity toward alpha2 adrenergic receptors, especially toward its alpha2a subtype, accountable for more analgesic and hypnotic effects than clonidine. Dexmedetomidine 19-34 immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29 Homo sapiens 140-147 35245122-3 2022 Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human alpha2AAR-GoA complex bound to norepinephrine and three imidazoline derivatives (brimonidine, dexmedetomidine, and oxymetazoline). Dexmedetomidine 163-178 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 69-78 35434046-7 2022 Results: Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine dramatically ameliorated LIR-induced lung injury, the wet/dry weight ratio, the arterial blood gas parameters, and enhanced SIRT3 expression. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 167-172 35434046-9 2022 Of note, dexmedetomidine suppressed LIR-induced lung tissue apoptosis by modulating apoptosis-associated protein such as Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase 3. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 121-124 35434046-9 2022 Of note, dexmedetomidine suppressed LIR-induced lung tissue apoptosis by modulating apoptosis-associated protein such as Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase 3. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 126-131 35434046-12 2022 Intriguingly, dexmedetomidine could facilitate nuclear Nrf2 and cytoplasmic HO-1 expression. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 55-59 35434046-12 2022 Intriguingly, dexmedetomidine could facilitate nuclear Nrf2 and cytoplasmic HO-1 expression. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 76-80 35545412-22 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion can reduce the incidence of POCD and POD in elderly patients undergoing hepatic lobectomy, and the protective mechanism appears to involve the down-regulation of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and upregulation of IL-10 expression, which lead to rebalance between proinflammation and anti-inflammation. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 215-224 35545412-22 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion can reduce the incidence of POCD and POD in elderly patients undergoing hepatic lobectomy, and the protective mechanism appears to involve the down-regulation of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and upregulation of IL-10 expression, which lead to rebalance between proinflammation and anti-inflammation. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 229-237 35545412-22 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion can reduce the incidence of POCD and POD in elderly patients undergoing hepatic lobectomy, and the protective mechanism appears to involve the down-regulation of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and upregulation of IL-10 expression, which lead to rebalance between proinflammation and anti-inflammation. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 258-263 35211189-10 2022 Results: The concentration of KIM-1 in Dex group was lower than Con group at 2 h (P = 0.018), 24 h (P = 0.013), 48 h (P < 0.01), and 72 h (P < 0.01) after reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 39-42 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 Homo sapiens 30-35 35198576-11 2022 The prevalence of moderate-to-severe pain, number of patients using vasoactive agents, duration of PACU stay, as well as consumption of propofol, remifentanil, and DEX were significantly lower in the RD2 group (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 164-167 peripherin 2 Homo sapiens 200-203 35110424-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine suppresses serum syndecan-1 elevation and improves survival in a rat hemorrhagic shock model. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 syndecan 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-43 35110424-9 2022 Serum TNF-alpha and syndecan-1 concentrations, and the wet-to-dry ratio of heart were elevated by HS, but significantly decreased by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 133-136 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 6-15 35110424-9 2022 Serum TNF-alpha and syndecan-1 concentrations, and the wet-to-dry ratio of heart were elevated by HS, but significantly decreased by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 133-136 syndecan 1 Rattus norvegicus 20-30 35110424-11 2022 DEX suppressed the inflammatory response and serum syndecan-1 elevation, and prolonged survival in rats with HS. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 syndecan 1 Rattus norvegicus 51-61 35484744-1 2022 We studied the mechanism of miR-106a nanoparticles carrying dexmedetomidine (DEX) in regulating the recovery and metabolism of nerve cells in hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Dexmedetomidine 77-80 microRNA 106a Homo sapiens 28-36 35207502-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine Co-Administered with Lidocaine Decreases Nociceptive Responses and Trigeminal Fos Expression without Motor Dysfunction and Hypotension in a Murine Orofacial Formalin Model. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 94-97 35207502-5 2022 Dexmedetomidine (10 mug/kg) significantly reduced orofacial nociceptive responses during the second phase of the formalin test and decreased the expression of Fos in trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 159-162 35207502-8 2022 Interestingly, although a low dose of dexmedetomidine (3 mug/kg) alone did not show an antinociceptive effect, its co-administration with lidocaine significantly reduced the nociceptive response in both phases and decreased TNC Fos expression without motor dysfunction and hypotension. Dexmedetomidine 38-53 FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 228-231 35115825-8 2022 Postoperatively, the block group with dexmedetomidine adjuvant to the local anesthesia drugs showed delay in the first request for analgesia (p = 0.092) and decreased fentanyl requirement (p < 0.001), so no patient in the ESP group suffered from postoperative nausea and vomiting compared to 50% in the conventional group (p < 0.001). Dexmedetomidine 38-53 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type V, pseudogene Homo sapiens 222-225 35046398-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine promotes apoptosis and suppresses proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via microRNA-130a/EGR1 axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 130a Homo sapiens 102-115 35046398-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine promotes apoptosis and suppresses proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via microRNA-130a/EGR1 axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 early growth response 1 Homo sapiens 116-120 35046398-2 2022 Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective alpha2-adrenergic agonist, is widely used in perioperative settings for analgesia and sedation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 36-42 35046398-3 2022 Herein, we aimed to determine whether dexmedetomidine might directly regulate miR-130a/early growth response 1 (EGR1) axis in HCC and explore the related mechanisms. Dexmedetomidine 38-53 early growth response 1 Homo sapiens 78-110 35046398-3 2022 Herein, we aimed to determine whether dexmedetomidine might directly regulate miR-130a/early growth response 1 (EGR1) axis in HCC and explore the related mechanisms. Dexmedetomidine 38-53 early growth response 1 Homo sapiens 112-116 35046398-6 2022 Upon the determination of the optimal concentration of dexmedetomidine, HCCLM3 cells were treated with dexmedetomidine, miR-130a- or EGR1-related oligonucleotides or plasmids were transfected into cells to explore their functions in cell biological behaviors. Dexmedetomidine 55-70 microRNA 130a Homo sapiens 120-128 35046398-11 2022 With the increase of dexmedetomidine concentration, HCCLM3 cell viability was correspondingly inhibited, miR-130a expression was elevated and EGR1 expression was decreased. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 microRNA 130a Homo sapiens 105-113 35046398-11 2022 With the increase of dexmedetomidine concentration, HCCLM3 cell viability was correspondingly inhibited, miR-130a expression was elevated and EGR1 expression was decreased. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 early growth response 1 Homo sapiens 142-146 35046398-12 2022 Dexmedetomidine, upregulating miR-130a or downregulating EGR1 inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration, and promoted apoptosis of HCCLM3 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 130a Homo sapiens 30-38 35046398-12 2022 Dexmedetomidine, upregulating miR-130a or downregulating EGR1 inhibited proliferation, invasion and migration, and promoted apoptosis of HCCLM3 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 early growth response 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 35046398-13 2022 MiR-130a upregulation/downregulation enhanced/impaired the effect of dexmedetomidine on cell biological behaviors. Dexmedetomidine 69-84 microRNA 130a Homo sapiens 0-8 35046398-14 2022 Our study provides evidence that raising miR-130a enhances the inhibitory effects of dexmedetomidine on HCC cellular growth via inhibiting EGR1. Dexmedetomidine 85-100 microRNA 130a Homo sapiens 41-49 35046398-14 2022 Our study provides evidence that raising miR-130a enhances the inhibitory effects of dexmedetomidine on HCC cellular growth via inhibiting EGR1. Dexmedetomidine 85-100 early growth response 1 Homo sapiens 139-143 35097088-2 2022 The latter condition, a medical emergency, was effectively treated with medical treatment and dexmedetomidine, a versatile and highly selective short-acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist with sedative-hypnotic and anxiolytic effects. Dexmedetomidine 94-109 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 157-164 35345251-3 2022 Both remifentanil and dexmedetomidine are used as sedatives in cardiac surgery (CS) patients with NIV intolerance. Dexmedetomidine 22-37 citrate synthase Homo sapiens 80-82 35434046-0 2022 The activation of SIRT3 by dexmedetomidine mitigates limb ischemia-reperfusion-induced lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 18-23 35014685-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine alleviates airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic airway inflammation through the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway in mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 99-103 35014685-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine alleviates airway hyperresponsiveness and allergic airway inflammation through the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway in mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 104-113 35014685-10 2022 In the murine OVA-induced asthma model, DEX decreased AHR following Mch inhalation and reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Dexmedetomidine 40-43 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene Mus musculus 14-17 35014685-11 2022 IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly lower following DEX treatment. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 0-4 35014685-11 2022 IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly lower following DEX treatment. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 interleukin 5 Mus musculus 6-10 35014685-11 2022 IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly lower following DEX treatment. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 interleukin 13 Mus musculus 15-20 35014685-12 2022 Furthermore, DEX treatment inhibited the expression of TLR4, NF-kappaB and p-NF-kappaB in the lung tissue and exhibited a similar effect to TAK-242 treatment. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 55-59 35014685-12 2022 Furthermore, DEX treatment inhibited the expression of TLR4, NF-kappaB and p-NF-kappaB in the lung tissue and exhibited a similar effect to TAK-242 treatment. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 61-70 35014685-12 2022 Furthermore, DEX treatment inhibited the expression of TLR4, NF-kappaB and p-NF-kappaB in the lung tissue and exhibited a similar effect to TAK-242 treatment. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 77-86 35014685-13 2022 In conclusion, DEX may attenuate AHR and allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 88-92 35014685-13 2022 In conclusion, DEX may attenuate AHR and allergic airway inflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 93-102 35252452-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Lung Oxidative Stress Injury Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion in Diabetic Rats via the Nrf2-Sulfiredoxin1 Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 113-117 35252452-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Lung Oxidative Stress Injury Induced by Ischemia-Reperfusion in Diabetic Rats via the Nrf2-Sulfiredoxin1 Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 sulfiredoxin 1 Rattus norvegicus 118-131 35252452-11 2022 In conclusion, dexmedetomidine alleviated lung OSI and improved lung function in a diabetic rat LIRI model through the Nrf2-sulfiredoxin1 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 119-123 35252452-11 2022 In conclusion, dexmedetomidine alleviated lung OSI and improved lung function in a diabetic rat LIRI model through the Nrf2-sulfiredoxin1 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 sulfiredoxin 1 Rattus norvegicus 124-137 35191924-2 2022 Objective: To evaluate the effect of orally absorbed, sublingual dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha2A-adrenergic receptor agonist on symptoms of acute agitation in patients with bipolar disorder. Dexmedetomidine 65-80 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 94-121 34851425-9 2022 The results of a simulation study based on the final model showed that at concentrations up to 2 ng ml-1, the predicted dexmedetomidine plasma concentrations were similar between the currently available Hannivoort model assuming linear pharmacokinetics and the nonlinear model developed in this study. Dexmedetomidine 122-137 interleukin 17F Homo sapiens 102-106 34851425-13 2022 Dexmedetomidine may be safely administered up to target-controlled infusion targets under 2 ng ml-1 using the Hannivoort model, which assumed linear pharmacokinetics. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 17F Homo sapiens 97-101 34889823-14 2022 Dexmedetomidine 20 mug kg-1 reduced PV1 expression (0.466 +- 0.072 vs 1.000 +- 0.098; P < .001) and subsequent liver damages (all P < .01). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 plasmalemma vesicle associated protein Mus musculus 36-39 34889823-17 2022 Dexmedetomidine or SKL2001 upregulated beta-catenin expression and produced protective effects (all P < .01). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1 Mus musculus 39-51 35042243-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine Can Reduce the Level of Oxidative Stress and Serum miR-10a in Patients with Lung Cancer after Surgery. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 10a Homo sapiens 67-74 35042243-2 2022 This study assessed the action of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on oxidative stress (OS) and microRNA 10a (miR-10a) in patients with lung cancer. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 microRNA 10a Homo sapiens 85-97 35042243-2 2022 This study assessed the action of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on oxidative stress (OS) and microRNA 10a (miR-10a) in patients with lung cancer. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 microRNA 10a Homo sapiens 99-106 35042243-2 2022 This study assessed the action of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on oxidative stress (OS) and microRNA 10a (miR-10a) in patients with lung cancer. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 microRNA 10a Homo sapiens 85-97 35042243-2 2022 This study assessed the action of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on oxidative stress (OS) and microRNA 10a (miR-10a) in patients with lung cancer. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 microRNA 10a Homo sapiens 99-106 35042243-8 2022 DEX intervention reduced miR-10a levels in patients during perioperative period. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 microRNA 10a Homo sapiens 25-32 35042243-9 2022 miR-10a in serum of patients with DEX intervention after surgery was positively-correlated with the concentrations of malondialdehyde, and inflammatory factors, while negatively-correlated with superoxide dismutase. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 microRNA 10a Homo sapiens 0-7 35042243-12 2022 CONCLUSION: DEX can reduce postoperative OS and plasma miR-10a level in patients with lung cancer, and high expression of miR-10a predicts a high incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 microRNA 10a Homo sapiens 56-63 35042243-12 2022 CONCLUSION: DEX can reduce postoperative OS and plasma miR-10a level in patients with lung cancer, and high expression of miR-10a predicts a high incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 microRNA 10a Homo sapiens 123-130 34951550-6 2022 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine administration attenuated lung oxidative stress, decreased inflammatory cytokines secretion, and downregulated the expression levels of Drp1 and Fis1. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 death-associated protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 161-165 34951550-6 2022 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine administration attenuated lung oxidative stress, decreased inflammatory cytokines secretion, and downregulated the expression levels of Drp1 and Fis1. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 fission, mitochondrial 1 Mus musculus 170-174 34951550-7 2022 Moreover, dexmedetomidine increased levels of Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1, and alleviated endotoxin-induced lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 mitofusin 1 Mus musculus 46-50 34951550-7 2022 Moreover, dexmedetomidine increased levels of Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1, and alleviated endotoxin-induced lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 mitofusin 2 Mus musculus 52-56 34974801-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine attenuates ischemia and reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte injury through p53 and forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a)/p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) signaling signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 89-92 34951550-7 2022 Moreover, dexmedetomidine increased levels of Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1, and alleviated endotoxin-induced lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 OPA1, mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase Mus musculus 62-66 34974801-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine attenuates ischemia and reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte injury through p53 and forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a)/p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) signaling signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 forkhead box O3 Rattus norvegicus 97-113 34974801-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine attenuates ischemia and reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte injury through p53 and forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a)/p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) signaling signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 forkhead box O3 Rattus norvegicus 115-121 34951550-9 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine may activate the PKC-alpha/HO-1 pathway to increase the expression of Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1, while decreasing Drp1 and Fis1 expression, thereby reduce endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 46-55 34974801-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine attenuates ischemia and reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte injury through p53 and forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a)/p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) signaling signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 123-126 34974801-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine attenuates ischemia and reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte injury through p53 and forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a)/p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) signaling signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Bcl-2 binding component 3 Rattus norvegicus 163-167 34974801-10 2022 Pretreatment with DEX reduced the H/R or I/R injury-induced activation of p53 expression and FOXO3a/PUMA signaling, and alleviated H/R or I/R injury-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 74-77 34974801-10 2022 Pretreatment with DEX reduced the H/R or I/R injury-induced activation of p53 expression and FOXO3a/PUMA signaling, and alleviated H/R or I/R injury-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 forkhead box O3 Rattus norvegicus 93-99 34974801-10 2022 Pretreatment with DEX reduced the H/R or I/R injury-induced activation of p53 expression and FOXO3a/PUMA signaling, and alleviated H/R or I/R injury-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 Bcl-2 binding component 3 Rattus norvegicus 100-104 34974801-11 2022 Therefore, DEX could alleviate H/R- or I/R-induced cardiomyocytes injury by reducing cell apoptosis and blocking p53 expression and FOXO3a/PUMA signaling. Dexmedetomidine 11-14 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 113-116 34951550-9 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine may activate the PKC-alpha/HO-1 pathway to increase the expression of Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1, while decreasing Drp1 and Fis1 expression, thereby reduce endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 56-60 34974801-11 2022 Therefore, DEX could alleviate H/R- or I/R-induced cardiomyocytes injury by reducing cell apoptosis and blocking p53 expression and FOXO3a/PUMA signaling. Dexmedetomidine 11-14 forkhead box O3 Rattus norvegicus 132-138 34974801-11 2022 Therefore, DEX could alleviate H/R- or I/R-induced cardiomyocytes injury by reducing cell apoptosis and blocking p53 expression and FOXO3a/PUMA signaling. Dexmedetomidine 11-14 Bcl-2 binding component 3 Rattus norvegicus 139-143 34951550-9 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine may activate the PKC-alpha/HO-1 pathway to increase the expression of Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1, while decreasing Drp1 and Fis1 expression, thereby reduce endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 mitofusin 1 Mus musculus 99-103 34951550-9 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine may activate the PKC-alpha/HO-1 pathway to increase the expression of Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1, while decreasing Drp1 and Fis1 expression, thereby reduce endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 mitofusin 2 Mus musculus 105-109 34951550-9 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine may activate the PKC-alpha/HO-1 pathway to increase the expression of Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1, while decreasing Drp1 and Fis1 expression, thereby reduce endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 OPA1, mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase Mus musculus 115-119 34951550-9 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine may activate the PKC-alpha/HO-1 pathway to increase the expression of Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1, while decreasing Drp1 and Fis1 expression, thereby reduce endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 death-associated protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 138-142 34951550-9 2022 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine may activate the PKC-alpha/HO-1 pathway to increase the expression of Mfn1, Mfn2, and OPA1, while decreasing Drp1 and Fis1 expression, thereby reduce endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 fission, mitochondrial 1 Mus musculus 147-151 35527005-10 2022 DEX attenuated the increase in the levels of NE, ALT, AST, MDA, ROS, apoptosis, SOD2, COX-2, Cytochrome C, cleaved caspase 3, Bax, and P-JNK, P-p38, c-AMP, P-PKA and miR-34a-5p, and the decrease in the levels of SOD, GPX, GSH and Bcl-2 in model rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 115-124 35422557-1 2021 Context: Dexmedetomidine, an alpha2-agonist, has been studied widely as an adjuvant to local anesthetics in regional anesthesia techniques to enhance the quality and duration of analgesia (DOA). Dexmedetomidine 9-24 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 29-35 35527005-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute stress-induced liver injury in rats by regulating the miR-34a-5p/ROS/JNK/p38 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 34a Rattus norvegicus 87-94 35527005-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute stress-induced liver injury in rats by regulating the miR-34a-5p/ROS/JNK/p38 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 102-105 35527005-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute stress-induced liver injury in rats by regulating the miR-34a-5p/ROS/JNK/p38 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 106-109 35527005-10 2022 DEX attenuated the increase in the levels of NE, ALT, AST, MDA, ROS, apoptosis, SOD2, COX-2, Cytochrome C, cleaved caspase 3, Bax, and P-JNK, P-p38, c-AMP, P-PKA and miR-34a-5p, and the decrease in the levels of SOD, GPX, GSH and Bcl-2 in model rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 Rattus norvegicus 54-57 35527005-10 2022 DEX attenuated the increase in the levels of NE, ALT, AST, MDA, ROS, apoptosis, SOD2, COX-2, Cytochrome C, cleaved caspase 3, Bax, and P-JNK, P-p38, c-AMP, P-PKA and miR-34a-5p, and the decrease in the levels of SOD, GPX, GSH and Bcl-2 in model rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 80-84 35527005-10 2022 DEX attenuated the increase in the levels of NE, ALT, AST, MDA, ROS, apoptosis, SOD2, COX-2, Cytochrome C, cleaved caspase 3, Bax, and P-JNK, P-p38, c-AMP, P-PKA and miR-34a-5p, and the decrease in the levels of SOD, GPX, GSH and Bcl-2 in model rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 86-91 35527005-10 2022 DEX attenuated the increase in the levels of NE, ALT, AST, MDA, ROS, apoptosis, SOD2, COX-2, Cytochrome C, cleaved caspase 3, Bax, and P-JNK, P-p38, c-AMP, P-PKA and miR-34a-5p, and the decrease in the levels of SOD, GPX, GSH and Bcl-2 in model rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 126-129 35527005-10 2022 DEX attenuated the increase in the levels of NE, ALT, AST, MDA, ROS, apoptosis, SOD2, COX-2, Cytochrome C, cleaved caspase 3, Bax, and P-JNK, P-p38, c-AMP, P-PKA and miR-34a-5p, and the decrease in the levels of SOD, GPX, GSH and Bcl-2 in model rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 144-147 35527005-10 2022 DEX attenuated the increase in the levels of NE, ALT, AST, MDA, ROS, apoptosis, SOD2, COX-2, Cytochrome C, cleaved caspase 3, Bax, and P-JNK, P-p38, c-AMP, P-PKA and miR-34a-5p, and the decrease in the levels of SOD, GPX, GSH and Bcl-2 in model rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 230-235 35527005-12 2022 Collectively, DEX could alleviate acute stress-induced liver injury through ROS/JNK/p38 signaling pathway via downregulation of miR-34a-5p. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 80-83 35527005-12 2022 Collectively, DEX could alleviate acute stress-induced liver injury through ROS/JNK/p38 signaling pathway via downregulation of miR-34a-5p. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 84-87 33906497-3 2021 Despite being used primarily as a sedative over the past 20 years, dexmedetomidine, a centrally acting alpha2-agonist, possesses analgaesic properties, though its use has been limited by its well-described cardiovascular suppressive effects. Dexmedetomidine 67-82 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 103-109 35059419-4 2021 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an alpha2 AR agonist used for sedation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 28-37 35059419-4 2021 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an alpha2 AR agonist used for sedation. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 28-37 33905806-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine down-regulates lncRNA MALAT1 to attenuate myocardial ischemia reperfusion-induced injury by increasing miR-346. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 38-44 33905806-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine down-regulates lncRNA MALAT1 to attenuate myocardial ischemia reperfusion-induced injury by increasing miR-346. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 346 Homo sapiens 119-126 33631172-0 2021 Mechanism of dexmedetomidine regulating osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling through the miR-361-5p/VEGFA axis in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 microRNA 361 Homo sapiens 87-94 33631172-0 2021 Mechanism of dexmedetomidine regulating osteogenesis-angiogenesis coupling through the miR-361-5p/VEGFA axis in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 98-103 33631172-9 2021 After Dex treatment, the expressions of miR-361-5p, VEGFA, BMD related indexes were increased in OP rats. Dexmedetomidine 6-9 microRNA 361 Rattus norvegicus 40-47 33631172-9 2021 After Dex treatment, the expressions of miR-361-5p, VEGFA, BMD related indexes were increased in OP rats. Dexmedetomidine 6-9 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 52-57 33631172-12 2021 After miR-361-5p overexpression + Dex treatment, the indexes related to osteogenesis and angiogenesis in OP rats and BMSCs were decreased, which were reversed after further overexpressing VEGFA. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 microRNA 361 Rattus norvegicus 6-13 33631172-12 2021 After miR-361-5p overexpression + Dex treatment, the indexes related to osteogenesis and angiogenesis in OP rats and BMSCs were decreased, which were reversed after further overexpressing VEGFA. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 188-193 33631172-13 2021 SIGNIFICANCE: Dex can enhance VEGFA by inhibiting miR-361-5p, and then promote osteogenesis-angiogenesis, thus providing potential targets for PMOP treatment. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 30-35 33631172-13 2021 SIGNIFICANCE: Dex can enhance VEGFA by inhibiting miR-361-5p, and then promote osteogenesis-angiogenesis, thus providing potential targets for PMOP treatment. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 microRNA 361 Rattus norvegicus 50-57 33676148-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine promotes inflammation resolving through TGF-beta1 secreted by F4/80+Ly6G+ macrophage. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 56-65 33676148-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine promotes inflammation resolving through TGF-beta1 secreted by F4/80+Ly6G+ macrophage. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1 Mus musculus 78-83 33676148-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine promotes inflammation resolving through TGF-beta1 secreted by F4/80+Ly6G+ macrophage. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G Mus musculus 84-88 33676148-7 2021 Of interest, the anti-inflammatory transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) but not IL-10 levels were up-regulated at twenty-four hours in the DEX group along with 1.0 mg/mice zymosan A (ZyA) treatment. Dexmedetomidine 147-150 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 35-67 33676148-7 2021 Of interest, the anti-inflammatory transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) but not IL-10 levels were up-regulated at twenty-four hours in the DEX group along with 1.0 mg/mice zymosan A (ZyA) treatment. Dexmedetomidine 147-150 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 69-78 33676148-9 2021 DEX markedly increased the F4/80+Ly6G+ macrophage population. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1 Mus musculus 27-32 33676148-9 2021 DEX markedly increased the F4/80+Ly6G+ macrophage population. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G Mus musculus 33-37 33676148-10 2021 Additionally, the adequate apoptotic neutrophil clearance from injury after DEX installation could be reverse by opsonization or co-instillation of TGF-beta1 neutralizing antibody in vivo, promoting the inflammation-resolution programs. Dexmedetomidine 76-79 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 148-157 33676148-11 2021 In conclusion, DEX post-treatment, via the increase of F4/80+Ly6G+ macrophages, provokes further secretion of TGF-beta1, leading to the attenuated cytokine storm and accelerated inflammation resolving. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1 Mus musculus 55-60 33676148-11 2021 In conclusion, DEX post-treatment, via the increase of F4/80+Ly6G+ macrophages, provokes further secretion of TGF-beta1, leading to the attenuated cytokine storm and accelerated inflammation resolving. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G Mus musculus 61-65 33676148-11 2021 In conclusion, DEX post-treatment, via the increase of F4/80+Ly6G+ macrophages, provokes further secretion of TGF-beta1, leading to the attenuated cytokine storm and accelerated inflammation resolving. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 110-119 33648426-1 2021 Dexmedetomidine, a potent alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, is extensively used in the operating room (OR) and intensive care unit (ICU) and has been applied for the treatment of several diseases. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 47-56 33648426-6 2021 However, treatment with dexmedetomidine led to the increased protein expression of alpha2-AR in OGD/R-treated neurons and enhanced survival rate of OGD/R-treated neurons. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 83-92 33648426-8 2021 Silencing Nrf2 reversed the effects of dexmedetomidine on cell viability, oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis in OGD/R-treated neurons. Dexmedetomidine 39-54 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 10-14 33648426-9 2021 The activation of alpha2-AR by dexmedetomidine had a protective effect in neurons against OGD/R-triggered oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis by modulating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Dexmedetomidine 31-46 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 18-27 33648426-9 2021 The activation of alpha2-AR by dexmedetomidine had a protective effect in neurons against OGD/R-triggered oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis by modulating the Nrf2/ARE pathway. Dexmedetomidine 31-46 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 164-168 34039367-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation by activating the lncRNA TUG1/miR-194/SIRT1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-29 taurine up-regulated 1 Homo sapiens 102-106 34039367-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride inhibits hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation by activating the lncRNA TUG1/miR-194/SIRT1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-29 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 115-120 34039367-12 2021 Meanwhile, the effect of OGD on TUG1, SIRT1 and miR-194 expression in WRL-68 cells was reversed by DEX treatment. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 taurine up-regulated 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 34039367-12 2021 Meanwhile, the effect of OGD on TUG1, SIRT1 and miR-194 expression in WRL-68 cells was reversed by DEX treatment. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 34039367-13 2021 However, TUG1 knockdown or miR-194 overexpression reversed the function of DEX in OGD-treated WRL-68 cells. Dexmedetomidine 75-78 taurine up-regulated 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 34039367-16 2021 CONCLUSIONS: DEX could suppress OGD-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation by mediation of TUG1/miR-194/SIRT1 axis. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 taurine up-regulated 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 34039367-16 2021 CONCLUSIONS: DEX could suppress OGD-induced hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation by mediation of TUG1/miR-194/SIRT1 axis. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 111-116 34030873-0 2021 Erratum to Effect of Perioperative Low-Dose Dexmedetomidine on Postoperative Delirium After Living-Donor Liver Transplantation: A Randomized Controlled Trial," by Hannah Lee, Seong Mi Yang, Jaeyeon Chung, Hye-Won Oh, Nam Joon Yi, Kyung-Suk Suh, Seung-Young Oh, and Ho Geol Ryu Transplant Proc. Dexmedetomidine 44-59 SH3 and cysteine rich domain 3 Homo sapiens 217-220 34048989-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine reduces the apoptosis of rat hippocampal neurons via mediating ERK1/2 signal pathway by targeting miR-155. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 79-85 34048989-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine reduces the apoptosis of rat hippocampal neurons via mediating ERK1/2 signal pathway by targeting miR-155. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 155 Rattus norvegicus 114-121 33411316-0 2021 Neuroprotective Effects Against Cerebral Ischemic Injury Exerted by Dexmedetomidine via the HDAC5/NPAS4/MDM2/PSD-95 Axis. Dexmedetomidine 68-83 histone deacetylase 5 Mus musculus 92-97 34014076-0 2021 The Protective Effects of Dexmedetomidine against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Inflammatory Injury and Permeability in Brain Endothelial Cells Mediated by Sigma-1 Receptor. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 Mus musculus 156-172 34014076-2 2021 The Sigma-1 receptor (Sigma-1R) is a novel target for neuroprotection, and the alpha2-receptor agonist pain medication dexmedetomidine displays a neuroprotective effect through activating Sigma-1R. Dexmedetomidine 119-134 sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 Mus musculus 188-196 34014076-4 2021 First, we found that Sigma-1R was significantly upregulated in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) mice by the administration of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 133-148 sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 Mus musculus 21-29 34014076-5 2021 In vivo experiments revealed that dexmedetomidine ameliorated hyperpermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), lowered the expression level of Occludin, and impaired brain function as measured by neurological scores in MCAO mice. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 occludin Mus musculus 146-154 34014076-6 2021 In vitro assays show that dexmedetomidine alleviated OGD/R-caused cytotoxicity, hyperpermeability, abnormal expression of Occludin, and inflammatory factors in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMVECs). Dexmedetomidine 26-41 occludin Homo sapiens 122-130 34014076-7 2021 Moreover, blockage of Sigma-1R by its antagonist BD1047 abolished the neuroprotective property of dexmedetomidine in both animal and cell culture experiments. Dexmedetomidine 98-113 sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 Homo sapiens 22-30 34014076-9 2021 Mechanistically, dexmedetomidine alleviated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced cerebral endothelial dysfunction by activating the Sigma-1R-mediated signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 17-32 sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 Mus musculus 125-133 33991606-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine exerts a protective effect on ischemic brain injury by inhibiting the P2X7R/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 92-97 33991606-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine exerts a protective effect on ischemic brain injury by inhibiting the P2X7R/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caspase 1 Rattus norvegicus 98-107 33991606-2 2021 In this study, we aimed to elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms of Dex in regulating microglia pyroptosis in ischemic brain injury via the purinergic 2 x 7 receptor (P2 x 7R)/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 65-68 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 173-178 33991606-2 2021 In this study, we aimed to elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms of Dex in regulating microglia pyroptosis in ischemic brain injury via the purinergic 2 x 7 receptor (P2 x 7R)/NLRP3/Caspase-1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 65-68 caspase 1 Rattus norvegicus 179-188 33991606-9 2021 The obtained findings indicated Dex suppressed microglial pyroptosis by inhibiting the P2 x 7R/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 95-100 33991606-9 2021 The obtained findings indicated Dex suppressed microglial pyroptosis by inhibiting the P2 x 7R/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 caspase 1 Rattus norvegicus 101-110 33991606-12 2021 This study indicated that Dex inhibited microglia pyroptosis by blocking the P2 x 7R/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, thus playing a protective role against ischemic brain injury. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 85-90 33991606-12 2021 This study indicated that Dex inhibited microglia pyroptosis by blocking the P2 x 7R/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway, thus playing a protective role against ischemic brain injury. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 caspase 1 Rattus norvegicus 91-100 33965939-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Exerts Renal Protective Effect by Regulating the PGC-1alpha/STAT1/IRF-1 Axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 65-75 33965939-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Exerts Renal Protective Effect by Regulating the PGC-1alpha/STAT1/IRF-1 Axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Mus musculus 76-81 33965939-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Exerts Renal Protective Effect by Regulating the PGC-1alpha/STAT1/IRF-1 Axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interferon regulatory factor 1 Mus musculus 82-87 33965939-12 2021 DEX inhibited the damage of I/R to the kidneys of mice and increased the expression of mitochondrial-related proteins and PGC-1alpha in the kidneys, while inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT1 and the expression of IRF-1. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 122-132 33965939-12 2021 DEX inhibited the damage of I/R to the kidneys of mice and increased the expression of mitochondrial-related proteins and PGC-1alpha in the kidneys, while inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT1 and the expression of IRF-1. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Mus musculus 189-194 33965939-12 2021 DEX inhibited the damage of I/R to the kidneys of mice and increased the expression of mitochondrial-related proteins and PGC-1alpha in the kidneys, while inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT1 and the expression of IRF-1. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interferon regulatory factor 1 Mus musculus 217-222 33965939-13 2021 CONCLUSIONS: DEX appears to inhibit mitochondrial damage and cellular inflammation by upregulating PGC-1alpha to affect STAT1 phosphorylation level and IRF-1 expression, thereby preventing AKI. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 99-109 33965939-13 2021 CONCLUSIONS: DEX appears to inhibit mitochondrial damage and cellular inflammation by upregulating PGC-1alpha to affect STAT1 phosphorylation level and IRF-1 expression, thereby preventing AKI. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Mus musculus 120-125 33965939-13 2021 CONCLUSIONS: DEX appears to inhibit mitochondrial damage and cellular inflammation by upregulating PGC-1alpha to affect STAT1 phosphorylation level and IRF-1 expression, thereby preventing AKI. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 interferon regulatory factor 1 Mus musculus 152-157 33395103-7 2021 In development is an intranasal formulation for olanzapine (a well characterized atypical antipsychotic already approved to treat agitation) and a sublingual film for dexmedetomidine (an alpha2-adrenergic agonist used as an anesthetic and now being repurposed). Dexmedetomidine 167-182 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 187-193 33747166-6 2021 In comparison with the control group, patients in the Dex group exhibited a significant increase in cardiac function, as indicated by an increase in HR, MAP and IL-10 levels, and a significant decrease in cTnI, IL-8, MDA and glucose levels. Dexmedetomidine 54-57 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 161-166 33747166-6 2021 In comparison with the control group, patients in the Dex group exhibited a significant increase in cardiac function, as indicated by an increase in HR, MAP and IL-10 levels, and a significant decrease in cTnI, IL-8, MDA and glucose levels. Dexmedetomidine 54-57 troponin I3, cardiac type Homo sapiens 205-209 33747166-6 2021 In comparison with the control group, patients in the Dex group exhibited a significant increase in cardiac function, as indicated by an increase in HR, MAP and IL-10 levels, and a significant decrease in cTnI, IL-8, MDA and glucose levels. Dexmedetomidine 54-57 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 211-215 33786608-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine suppresses the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm by downregulating the mircoRNA-21/PDCD 4 axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 programmed cell death 4 Rattus norvegicus 106-112 33786608-14 2021 On the whole, the present study demonstrates that Dex inhibits AAA development by downregulating the miR-21/PCDP4 axis. Dexmedetomidine 50-53 microRNA 21 Rattus norvegicus 101-107 33781084-0 2021 Retraction of: Dexmedetomidine Exerts Brain-Protective Effects Under Cardiopulmonary Bypass Through Inhibiting the Janus Kinase 2/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 Pathway (doi: 10.1089/jir.2019.0110). Dexmedetomidine 15-30 Janus kinase 2 Homo sapiens 115-129 33905578-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine protects SH-SY5Y cells against MPP+ -induced declining of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell cycle deficits. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 M-phase phosphoprotein 6 Homo sapiens 47-50 33377581-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine protects cardiac microvascular endothelial cells from the damage of OGD/R through regulation of the PPARdelta-mediated autophagy. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta Homo sapiens 116-125 33377581-6 2021 Autophagy in CMECs was activated by Dex, as evidenced by the increase in the ratio of LC3B-II/I, the expression level of Beclin1 and the number of autophagosomes in OGD/R-induced CMECs. Dexmedetomidine 36-39 beclin 1 Homo sapiens 121-128 33377581-8 2021 The mechanistic investigation indicated that PPARdelta agonist GW501516 further enhanced, whereas PPARdelta antagonist GSK3787 partly abolished the Dex-mediated protective effects in OGD/R-induced CMECs. Dexmedetomidine 148-151 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta Homo sapiens 98-107 33377581-9 2021 In sum, Dex activated the PPARdelta-AMPK-PGC-1alpha pathway-mediated autophagy, therefore to inhibit OGD/R-induced cell apoptosis in CMECs. Dexmedetomidine 8-11 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta Homo sapiens 26-35 33377581-9 2021 In sum, Dex activated the PPARdelta-AMPK-PGC-1alpha pathway-mediated autophagy, therefore to inhibit OGD/R-induced cell apoptosis in CMECs. Dexmedetomidine 8-11 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 33377581-9 2021 In sum, Dex activated the PPARdelta-AMPK-PGC-1alpha pathway-mediated autophagy, therefore to inhibit OGD/R-induced cell apoptosis in CMECs. Dexmedetomidine 8-11 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 41-51 33791850-0 2021 Correction to: Dexmedetomidine suppresses bupivacaine-induced parthanatos in human SH-SY5Y cells via the miR-7-5p/PARP1 axis-mediated ROS. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 microRNA 7-1 Homo sapiens 105-113 33791850-0 2021 Correction to: Dexmedetomidine suppresses bupivacaine-induced parthanatos in human SH-SY5Y cells via the miR-7-5p/PARP1 axis-mediated ROS. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 114-119 33914271-0 2021 The Protective Mechanism of Dexmedetomidine in Regulating Atg14L-Beclin1-Vps34 Complex Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 autophagy related 14 Rattus norvegicus 58-64 33914271-0 2021 The Protective Mechanism of Dexmedetomidine in Regulating Atg14L-Beclin1-Vps34 Complex Against Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 beclin 1 Rattus norvegicus 65-72 33914271-7 2021 Dex weakened the interactions between Beclin1 and Vps34 and Beclin1 and Atg14L, thus downregulating Vps34 kinase activity. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 beclin 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-45 33914271-7 2021 Dex weakened the interactions between Beclin1 and Vps34 and Beclin1 and Atg14L, thus downregulating Vps34 kinase activity. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 beclin 1 Rattus norvegicus 60-67 33914271-7 2021 Dex weakened the interactions between Beclin1 and Vps34 and Beclin1 and Atg14L, thus downregulating Vps34 kinase activity. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 autophagy related 14 Rattus norvegicus 72-78 33914271-9 2021 LY294002 attenuated the myocardial protective effect of DEX, indicating that Dex protected against cardiac I/R by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Dexmedetomidine 77-80 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-137 33914271-10 2021 In conclusion, Dex upregulated the phosphorylation of Beclin1 at S295 site by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway and reduced the interactions of Atg14L-Beclin1-Vps34 complex, thus inhibiting autophagy and protecting against myocardial I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 beclin 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-61 33914271-10 2021 In conclusion, Dex upregulated the phosphorylation of Beclin1 at S295 site by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway and reduced the interactions of Atg14L-Beclin1-Vps34 complex, thus inhibiting autophagy and protecting against myocardial I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 98-101 33914271-10 2021 In conclusion, Dex upregulated the phosphorylation of Beclin1 at S295 site by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway and reduced the interactions of Atg14L-Beclin1-Vps34 complex, thus inhibiting autophagy and protecting against myocardial I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 autophagy related 14 Rattus norvegicus 142-148 33914271-10 2021 In conclusion, Dex upregulated the phosphorylation of Beclin1 at S295 site by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway and reduced the interactions of Atg14L-Beclin1-Vps34 complex, thus inhibiting autophagy and protecting against myocardial I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 beclin 1 Rattus norvegicus 149-156 33924822-2 2021 In this single center study from a quaternary pediatric intensive care unit, our objective was to evaluate the ASP protocol, which included opiate and dexmedetomidine infusions and was used as first-line sedation for all intubated patients. Dexmedetomidine 151-166 assembly factor for spindle microtubules Homo sapiens 111-114 33905578-6 2021 We found that the levels of apoptotic ratio and cleaved caspase-3, 9 increased, ROS accumulated, and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased after MPP+ treatment, while these changes were partially reversed by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 213-216 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 56-65 33905578-6 2021 We found that the levels of apoptotic ratio and cleaved caspase-3, 9 increased, ROS accumulated, and mitochondrial membrane potential decreased after MPP+ treatment, while these changes were partially reversed by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 213-216 M-phase phosphoprotein 6 Homo sapiens 150-153 33905578-7 2021 Dex also prevented MPP+ induced cell arrest by increasing G1 phase cells, decreasing S phase cells, and decreasing the expression of cyclinD1 and Cdk4. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 M-phase phosphoprotein 6 Homo sapiens 19-22 33905578-7 2021 Dex also prevented MPP+ induced cell arrest by increasing G1 phase cells, decreasing S phase cells, and decreasing the expression of cyclinD1 and Cdk4. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 cyclin D1 Homo sapiens 133-141 33905578-7 2021 Dex also prevented MPP+ induced cell arrest by increasing G1 phase cells, decreasing S phase cells, and decreasing the expression of cyclinD1 and Cdk4. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 cyclin dependent kinase 4 Homo sapiens 146-150 33905578-9 2021 These findings reveal that Dex attenuated MPP+ -induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells by preventing the loss of Deltapsim, reducing ROS, and regulating the cell cycle. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 M-phase phosphoprotein 6 Homo sapiens 42-45 33915198-0 2022 The effect of alpha-2A adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) genetic polymorphisms on the depth of sedation of dexmedetomidine: a genetic observational pilot study. Dexmedetomidine 102-117 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 14-42 33966704-0 2021 [Dexmedetomidine-mediated Wnt Pathway Inhibits Sevoflurane-induced Cognitive Impairment in Neonatal Rats]. Dexmedetomidine 1-16 Wnt family member 3A Rattus norvegicus 26-29 33966704-1 2021 Objective To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine(Dex)on sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in neonatal rats through Wnt signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 35-50 Wnt family member 3A Rattus norvegicus 124-127 33981237-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Protects Against Septic Liver Injury by Enhancing Autophagy Through Activation of the AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 107-112 33981237-13 2021 Lastly, the effect of DEX on the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway-associated protein levels were detected using western blotting. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 38-43 33981237-14 2021 Meanwhile, we used L0-2 cells infected with mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus to further analyze the role of SIRT1 in DEX-induced autophagy in liver injury model in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 108-111 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 99-104 33981237-17 2021 In the in vitro hepatocyte injury model, the SIRT1 inhibitor significantly increased intracellular ROS levels and reversed the effect of DEX on autophagy flux. Dexmedetomidine 137-140 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 45-50 33981237-19 2021 DEX enhances autophagy, which alleviates the inflammatory responses in CLP-induced liver injury by regulating the SIRT1/AMPK pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 114-119 33915198-0 2022 The effect of alpha-2A adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) genetic polymorphisms on the depth of sedation of dexmedetomidine: a genetic observational pilot study. Dexmedetomidine 102-117 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 44-50 33915198-1 2022 BACKGROUND: The genetic polymorphisms of the alpha-2A adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A), which plays a significant role in sedation, anxiety relief, and antinociception, particularly in dexmedetomidine, may differ in the degree of sedation. Dexmedetomidine 181-196 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 45-73 33915198-1 2022 BACKGROUND: The genetic polymorphisms of the alpha-2A adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A), which plays a significant role in sedation, anxiety relief, and antinociception, particularly in dexmedetomidine, may differ in the degree of sedation. Dexmedetomidine 181-196 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 75-81 33915198-2 2022 This study aimed to investigate the effect of the genetic polymorphisms of ADRA2A (rs11195418, rs1800544, rs2484516, rs1800545, rs553668, rs3750625) on the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 176-191 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 75-81 33903887-0 2021 [Dexmedetomidine alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating MALAT1/miR-126-5p/HMGB1 axis]. Dexmedetomidine 1-16 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 78-84 33903887-0 2021 [Dexmedetomidine alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating MALAT1/miR-126-5p/HMGB1 axis]. Dexmedetomidine 1-16 microRNA 126 Homo sapiens 85-92 33903887-0 2021 [Dexmedetomidine alleviates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating MALAT1/miR-126-5p/HMGB1 axis]. Dexmedetomidine 1-16 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 96-101 33903887-9 2021 Furthermore, Dex inhibited HIRI-induced cellular apoptosis, whereas MALAT1 reversed the effect of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 98-101 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 68-74 33903887-10 2021 This inhibitory effect of Dex could be restored by up-regulation of miR-126-5p. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 microRNA 1265 Homo sapiens 68-78 33903887-11 2021 The results suggest that Dex protects hepatocytes from HIRI via regulating MALAT1/miR-126-5p/HMGB1 axis. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 75-81 33903887-11 2021 The results suggest that Dex protects hepatocytes from HIRI via regulating MALAT1/miR-126-5p/HMGB1 axis. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 microRNA 126 Homo sapiens 82-89 33903887-11 2021 The results suggest that Dex protects hepatocytes from HIRI via regulating MALAT1/miR-126-5p/HMGB1 axis. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 93-98 33895343-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Reverses Postoperative Spatial Memory Deficit by Targeting Surf1 and Cytochrome C. Anesthesia and surgery are associated with perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 SURF1, cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor Rattus norvegicus 75-80 33895343-12 2021 Dexmedetomidine appears to reverse surgery-induced behavior, mitigate the higher density of Iba-1 and GFAP, and downregulate the expression of Surf1 and Cytochrome c protein in the hippocampus of rats in a PND model. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 allograft inflammatory factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 92-97 33895343-12 2021 Dexmedetomidine appears to reverse surgery-induced behavior, mitigate the higher density of Iba-1 and GFAP, and downregulate the expression of Surf1 and Cytochrome c protein in the hippocampus of rats in a PND model. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glial fibrillary acidic protein Rattus norvegicus 102-106 33895343-12 2021 Dexmedetomidine appears to reverse surgery-induced behavior, mitigate the higher density of Iba-1 and GFAP, and downregulate the expression of Surf1 and Cytochrome c protein in the hippocampus of rats in a PND model. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 SURF1, cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor Rattus norvegicus 143-148 33963722-7 2021 On D2, TNF-alpha, L-1beta and IL-6 recovered their baseline levels in medium- and high-dose DEX groups (P > 0.05) but remained elevated in the other two groups. Dexmedetomidine 92-95 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 7-16 33963722-7 2021 On D2, TNF-alpha, L-1beta and IL-6 recovered their baseline levels in medium- and high-dose DEX groups (P > 0.05) but remained elevated in the other two groups. Dexmedetomidine 92-95 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 30-34 33963722-10 2021 OBJECTIVE: With a loading dose of 0.3 mug/kg followed by a maintenance doses of 0.5 mug kg-1 h-1, DEX can effectively reduce the incidence of POCD in elderly patients undergoing spinal surgery by inhibiting the production of Abeta and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Dexmedetomidine 100-103 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 227-232 33823789-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro by inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 89-94 33823789-5 2021 Here, we investigated whether dexmedetomidine protects against MIRI by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 104-109 33823789-10 2021 The expression of the NLRP3 protein was significantly upregulated in cardiac fibroblasts but not in cardiomyocytes after H/R and was significantly attenuated by dexmedetomidine treatment. Dexmedetomidine 161-176 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 22-27 33823789-11 2021 Expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-18 and TNF-alpha was significantly increased in cardiac fibroblasts after H/R and was attenuated by dexmedetomidine treatment. Dexmedetomidine 154-169 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 41-49 33823789-11 2021 Expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-18 and TNF-alpha was significantly increased in cardiac fibroblasts after H/R and was attenuated by dexmedetomidine treatment. Dexmedetomidine 154-169 interleukin 18 Homo sapiens 51-56 33823789-11 2021 Expression of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-18 and TNF-alpha was significantly increased in cardiac fibroblasts after H/R and was attenuated by dexmedetomidine treatment. Dexmedetomidine 154-169 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 61-70 33823789-12 2021 NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced the increased expression of cleaved caspase1, mature IL-1beta and IL-18, while dexmedetomidine suppressed H/R-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiac fibroblasts. Dexmedetomidine 117-132 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 33823789-12 2021 NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced the increased expression of cleaved caspase1, mature IL-1beta and IL-18, while dexmedetomidine suppressed H/R-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiac fibroblasts. Dexmedetomidine 117-132 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 156-161 33823789-13 2021 In addition, dexmedetomidine reduced the expression of Bcl2 and BAX in cocultured cardiomyocytes by suppressing H/R-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiac fibroblasts. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 55-59 33823789-13 2021 In addition, dexmedetomidine reduced the expression of Bcl2 and BAX in cocultured cardiomyocytes by suppressing H/R-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiac fibroblasts. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 64-67 33823789-13 2021 In addition, dexmedetomidine reduced the expression of Bcl2 and BAX in cocultured cardiomyocytes by suppressing H/R-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiac fibroblasts. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 124-129 33823789-14 2021 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine treatment can suppress H/R-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiac fibroblasts, thereby alleviating MIRI by inhibiting the inflammatory response. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 63-68 33411316-0 2021 Neuroprotective Effects Against Cerebral Ischemic Injury Exerted by Dexmedetomidine via the HDAC5/NPAS4/MDM2/PSD-95 Axis. Dexmedetomidine 68-83 neuronal PAS domain protein 4 Mus musculus 98-103 33411316-0 2021 Neuroprotective Effects Against Cerebral Ischemic Injury Exerted by Dexmedetomidine via the HDAC5/NPAS4/MDM2/PSD-95 Axis. Dexmedetomidine 68-83 transformed mouse 3T3 cell double minute 2 Mus musculus 104-108 33411316-0 2021 Neuroprotective Effects Against Cerebral Ischemic Injury Exerted by Dexmedetomidine via the HDAC5/NPAS4/MDM2/PSD-95 Axis. Dexmedetomidine 68-83 discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 Mus musculus 109-115 33411316-10 2021 DEX elevated viability, and reduced LDH leakage rate and apoptosis rate of OGD-treated neurons, which was reversed following the overexpression of HDAC5. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 histone deacetylase 5 Mus musculus 147-152 33411316-13 2021 In MCAO mice, DEX improved neurological function and behaviors and decreased infarct volume and apoptosis, which was negated as a result of PSD-95 silencing. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 Mus musculus 140-146 33411316-14 2021 DEX plays a neuroprotective role against cerebral ischemic injury by disrupting MDM2-induced PSD-95 ubiquitination and degradation via HDAC5 and NPAS4. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 transformed mouse 3T3 cell double minute 2 Mus musculus 80-84 33411316-14 2021 DEX plays a neuroprotective role against cerebral ischemic injury by disrupting MDM2-induced PSD-95 ubiquitination and degradation via HDAC5 and NPAS4. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 Mus musculus 93-99 33411316-14 2021 DEX plays a neuroprotective role against cerebral ischemic injury by disrupting MDM2-induced PSD-95 ubiquitination and degradation via HDAC5 and NPAS4. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 histone deacetylase 5 Mus musculus 135-140 33411316-14 2021 DEX plays a neuroprotective role against cerebral ischemic injury by disrupting MDM2-induced PSD-95 ubiquitination and degradation via HDAC5 and NPAS4. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 neuronal PAS domain protein 4 Mus musculus 145-150 34017439-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute kidney injury in children undergoing congenital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass by inhibiting the TLR3/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll like receptor 3 Homo sapiens 141-145 34017439-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute kidney injury in children undergoing congenital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass by inhibiting the TLR3/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 146-155 34017439-8 2021 At T2-T4, the DMED group had lower percentages of TLR3+ cells than the controls (all P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 14-18 toll like receptor 3 Homo sapiens 50-54 34017439-9 2021 In the DMED group, the percentagesof TLR3+ cells decreased with time; whereas in the control group, the percentage increased with time (all P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 7-11 toll like receptor 3 Homo sapiens 37-41 34017439-10 2021 Compared with the controls, the DMED group had lower levels of NF-kappaB and TLR3 at T2-T4, lower levels of sCr, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha at T3-T4, and lower incidence of AKI at T3 (all P<=0.01). Dexmedetomidine 32-36 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 63-72 34017439-10 2021 Compared with the controls, the DMED group had lower levels of NF-kappaB and TLR3 at T2-T4, lower levels of sCr, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha at T3-T4, and lower incidence of AKI at T3 (all P<=0.01). Dexmedetomidine 32-36 toll like receptor 3 Homo sapiens 77-81 34017439-10 2021 Compared with the controls, the DMED group had lower levels of NF-kappaB and TLR3 at T2-T4, lower levels of sCr, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha at T3-T4, and lower incidence of AKI at T3 (all P<=0.01). Dexmedetomidine 32-36 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 113-121 34017439-10 2021 Compared with the controls, the DMED group had lower levels of NF-kappaB and TLR3 at T2-T4, lower levels of sCr, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha at T3-T4, and lower incidence of AKI at T3 (all P<=0.01). Dexmedetomidine 32-36 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 127-136 34017439-11 2021 CONCLUSION: DMED can reduce the risk of AKI in children undergoing CHS with CPB, which may be because DMED can inhibit TLR3/NF-kappaB signaling and its downstream inflammatory mediators. Dexmedetomidine 12-16 toll like receptor 3 Homo sapiens 119-123 34017439-11 2021 CONCLUSION: DMED can reduce the risk of AKI in children undergoing CHS with CPB, which may be because DMED can inhibit TLR3/NF-kappaB signaling and its downstream inflammatory mediators. Dexmedetomidine 12-16 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 124-133 34017439-11 2021 CONCLUSION: DMED can reduce the risk of AKI in children undergoing CHS with CPB, which may be because DMED can inhibit TLR3/NF-kappaB signaling and its downstream inflammatory mediators. Dexmedetomidine 102-106 toll like receptor 3 Homo sapiens 119-123 34017439-11 2021 CONCLUSION: DMED can reduce the risk of AKI in children undergoing CHS with CPB, which may be because DMED can inhibit TLR3/NF-kappaB signaling and its downstream inflammatory mediators. Dexmedetomidine 102-106 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 124-133 33119787-6 2021 Dexmedetomidine was prescribed by 70% of the respondents (ESPA 53%; SPANZA 69%; APAGBI 34% and SPA 96%), mostly for procedural sedation (68%), premedication (46%) and/or ICU sedation (46%). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 surfactant protein A1 Homo sapiens 59-62 33248818-11 2021 The W/D (4.02 +- 0.67), total protein (2.01 +- 0.35) and MPO index (2.31 +- 0.59) were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group (p <0.05). Dexmedetomidine 114-129 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 57-60 33248818-13 2021 The expression levels of autophagy proteins beclin1 and LC3 in the dexmedetomidine treatment group were not significantly different from those of the control group (p >0.05). Dexmedetomidine 67-82 beclin 1 Rattus norvegicus 44-51 33248818-13 2021 The expression levels of autophagy proteins beclin1 and LC3 in the dexmedetomidine treatment group were not significantly different from those of the control group (p >0.05). Dexmedetomidine 67-82 annexin A3 Rattus norvegicus 56-59 33248818-15 2021 After induction with dexmedetomidine hydrochloride, the proapoptotic gene Bax was significantly downregulated in the cells. Dexmedetomidine 21-50 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 74-77 33119787-8 2021 The main difference in dexmedetomidine use concerned the age of patients (SPA primarily < 1 year, others primarily > 1 year). Dexmedetomidine 23-38 surfactant protein A1 Homo sapiens 74-77 33641076-8 2021 Furthermore, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, a PI3K agonists, promoted the expression of phosphorylated Akt and reduced the expression of Nedd4-2 in LPS-stimulated A549 cells, indicating that Dex worked through PI3K, and Akt and Nedd4-2 are downstream of PI3K. Dexmedetomidine 196-199 NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Homo sapiens 233-240 33641076-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine alleviates pulmonary edema through the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) via the PI3K/Akt/Nedd4-2 pathway in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 101-104 33641076-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine alleviates pulmonary edema through the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) via the PI3K/Akt/Nedd4-2 pathway in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Homo sapiens 105-112 33641076-1 2021 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a highly selective alpha2-adrenergic receptor (alpha2AR) agonist, has an anti-inflammatory property and can alleviate pulmonary edema in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI), but the mechanism is still unclear. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 70-78 33641076-1 2021 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a highly selective alpha2-adrenergic receptor (alpha2AR) agonist, has an anti-inflammatory property and can alleviate pulmonary edema in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI), but the mechanism is still unclear. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 70-78 33641076-4 2021 In vivo, Dex markedly reduced pulmonary edema induced by LPS through promoting AFC, prevented LPS-induced downregulation of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ENaC expression, attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue, reduced the concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6, and increased concentrations of IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Dexmedetomidine 9-12 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 254-263 33641076-4 2021 In vivo, Dex markedly reduced pulmonary edema induced by LPS through promoting AFC, prevented LPS-induced downregulation of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ENaC expression, attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue, reduced the concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6, and increased concentrations of IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 265-273 33641076-4 2021 In vivo, Dex markedly reduced pulmonary edema induced by LPS through promoting AFC, prevented LPS-induced downregulation of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ENaC expression, attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue, reduced the concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6, and increased concentrations of IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 279-283 33641076-4 2021 In vivo, Dex markedly reduced pulmonary edema induced by LPS through promoting AFC, prevented LPS-induced downregulation of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-ENaC expression, attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration in lung tissue, reduced the concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6, and increased concentrations of IL-10 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 317-322 33641076-7 2021 Additionally, Dex increased the expression of phosphorylated Akt and reduced the expression of Nedd4-2, while LY294002 reversed the effect of Dex in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 33641076-7 2021 Additionally, Dex increased the expression of phosphorylated Akt and reduced the expression of Nedd4-2, while LY294002 reversed the effect of Dex in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Homo sapiens 95-102 33641076-8 2021 Furthermore, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, a PI3K agonists, promoted the expression of phosphorylated Akt and reduced the expression of Nedd4-2 in LPS-stimulated A549 cells, indicating that Dex worked through PI3K, and Akt and Nedd4-2 are downstream of PI3K. Dexmedetomidine 196-199 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 13-47 33641076-8 2021 Furthermore, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, a PI3K agonists, promoted the expression of phosphorylated Akt and reduced the expression of Nedd4-2 in LPS-stimulated A549 cells, indicating that Dex worked through PI3K, and Akt and Nedd4-2 are downstream of PI3K. Dexmedetomidine 196-199 NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Homo sapiens 142-149 33641076-8 2021 Furthermore, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, a PI3K agonists, promoted the expression of phosphorylated Akt and reduced the expression of Nedd4-2 in LPS-stimulated A549 cells, indicating that Dex worked through PI3K, and Akt and Nedd4-2 are downstream of PI3K. Dexmedetomidine 196-199 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 225-228 33383282-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Resists Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB Signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 77-81 33383282-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Resists Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB Signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor Homo sapiens 82-87 33383282-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Resists Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB Signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 88-97 33383282-3 2021 In the present study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of DEX and examine whether its mechanism was associated with the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 72-75 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 145-154 33383282-9 2021 RESULTS: DEX preconditioning significantly reduced the intestinal pathological Chiu"s score, serum I-FABP, intestinal TNF-alpha, IL-1beta levels, and the protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kappaB in the rats with intestinal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 fatty acid binding protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 99-105 33383282-9 2021 RESULTS: DEX preconditioning significantly reduced the intestinal pathological Chiu"s score, serum I-FABP, intestinal TNF-alpha, IL-1beta levels, and the protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kappaB in the rats with intestinal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 118-127 33383282-9 2021 RESULTS: DEX preconditioning significantly reduced the intestinal pathological Chiu"s score, serum I-FABP, intestinal TNF-alpha, IL-1beta levels, and the protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kappaB in the rats with intestinal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 129-137 33383282-9 2021 RESULTS: DEX preconditioning significantly reduced the intestinal pathological Chiu"s score, serum I-FABP, intestinal TNF-alpha, IL-1beta levels, and the protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kappaB in the rats with intestinal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 176-180 33383282-9 2021 RESULTS: DEX preconditioning significantly reduced the intestinal pathological Chiu"s score, serum I-FABP, intestinal TNF-alpha, IL-1beta levels, and the protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kappaB in the rats with intestinal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 182-187 33383282-9 2021 RESULTS: DEX preconditioning significantly reduced the intestinal pathological Chiu"s score, serum I-FABP, intestinal TNF-alpha, IL-1beta levels, and the protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kappaB in the rats with intestinal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 193-202 33383282-10 2021 Similarly, in vitro, DEX pretreatment protected against OGD/R-induced Caco-2 cell damage and inhibited TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling, as evidenced by increased cell viability, decreased LDH activity, reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels, as well as downregulated TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kappaB protein levels. Dexmedetomidine 21-24 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 103-107 33383282-10 2021 Similarly, in vitro, DEX pretreatment protected against OGD/R-induced Caco-2 cell damage and inhibited TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling, as evidenced by increased cell viability, decreased LDH activity, reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels, as well as downregulated TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kappaB protein levels. Dexmedetomidine 21-24 MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor Homo sapiens 108-113 33383282-10 2021 Similarly, in vitro, DEX pretreatment protected against OGD/R-induced Caco-2 cell damage and inhibited TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling, as evidenced by increased cell viability, decreased LDH activity, reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels, as well as downregulated TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kappaB protein levels. Dexmedetomidine 21-24 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 114-123 33383282-10 2021 Similarly, in vitro, DEX pretreatment protected against OGD/R-induced Caco-2 cell damage and inhibited TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling, as evidenced by increased cell viability, decreased LDH activity, reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels, as well as downregulated TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kappaB protein levels. Dexmedetomidine 21-24 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 209-218 33383282-10 2021 Similarly, in vitro, DEX pretreatment protected against OGD/R-induced Caco-2 cell damage and inhibited TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling, as evidenced by increased cell viability, decreased LDH activity, reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels, as well as downregulated TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kappaB protein levels. Dexmedetomidine 21-24 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 223-231 33383282-10 2021 Similarly, in vitro, DEX pretreatment protected against OGD/R-induced Caco-2 cell damage and inhibited TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling, as evidenced by increased cell viability, decreased LDH activity, reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels, as well as downregulated TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kappaB protein levels. Dexmedetomidine 21-24 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 265-269 33383282-10 2021 Similarly, in vitro, DEX pretreatment protected against OGD/R-induced Caco-2 cell damage and inhibited TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling, as evidenced by increased cell viability, decreased LDH activity, reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels, as well as downregulated TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kappaB protein levels. Dexmedetomidine 21-24 MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor Homo sapiens 271-276 33383282-10 2021 Similarly, in vitro, DEX pretreatment protected against OGD/R-induced Caco-2 cell damage and inhibited TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling, as evidenced by increased cell viability, decreased LDH activity, reduced TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels, as well as downregulated TLR4, MyD88, and NF-kappaB protein levels. Dexmedetomidine 21-24 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 282-291 33383282-11 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that DEX could reduce intestinal I/R injury in rats and OGD/R damage in Caco-2 cells, and this protection might be attributed to antiinflammatory effects and inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 212-216 33383282-11 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that DEX could reduce intestinal I/R injury in rats and OGD/R damage in Caco-2 cells, and this protection might be attributed to antiinflammatory effects and inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor Homo sapiens 217-222 33383282-11 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that DEX could reduce intestinal I/R injury in rats and OGD/R damage in Caco-2 cells, and this protection might be attributed to antiinflammatory effects and inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 223-232 33640444-9 2021 CONCLUSION: Low-dose dexmedetomidine when compared with fentanyl significantly reduce the EC50 and dose of propofol required for I-gel insertion with propofol TCI, without much change in the haemodynamic profile. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 transcobalamin 1 Homo sapiens 159-162 33141376-10 2021 Splenectomy inhibited dexmedetomidine-mediated activation of the alpha7nAChR pathway. Dexmedetomidine 22-37 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 65-76 33641076-9 2021 In conclusion, Dex alleviates pulmonary edema by suppressing inflammatory response in LPS-induced ALI, and the mechanism is partly related to the upregulation of ENaC expression via the PI3K/Akt/Nedd4-2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 191-194 33641076-9 2021 In conclusion, Dex alleviates pulmonary edema by suppressing inflammatory response in LPS-induced ALI, and the mechanism is partly related to the upregulation of ENaC expression via the PI3K/Akt/Nedd4-2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 NEDD4 like E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Homo sapiens 195-202 33432790-10 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine increases the differentiation of Th1 and Treg cells and reduces the expression of PD-1 on CD4+ T cells. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 CD4 molecule Sus scrofa 119-122 33432790-0 2021 Effect of dexmedetomidine on CD4+ T cells and programmed cell death protein-1 in postoperative analgesia: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 29-32 33833544-7 2021 Results: Dexmedetomidine pretreatment decreased serum levels of cardiac troponin I, reduced myocardial infarct size, alleviated histological structure damage, and improved left ventricular function following myocardial I/R injury in rats. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 troponin I3, cardiac type Rattus norvegicus 64-82 32989562-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine suppresses bupivacaine-induced parthanatos in human SH-SY5Y cells via the miR-7-5p/PARP1 axis-mediated ROS. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 7-2 Homo sapiens 90-98 32989562-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine suppresses bupivacaine-induced parthanatos in human SH-SY5Y cells via the miR-7-5p/PARP1 axis-mediated ROS. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 99-104 32989562-11 2021 In addition, dexmedetomidine recovered the suppressive effects of bupivacaine on miR-7-5p expression. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 microRNA 7-2 Homo sapiens 81-89 32989562-12 2021 Dexmedetomidine suppressed bupivacaine-induced parthanatos in SH-SY5Y cells via the miR-7-5p/PARP1 axis, which may shed a new insight into parthanatos-dependent neuronal injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 7-2 Homo sapiens 84-92 32989562-12 2021 Dexmedetomidine suppressed bupivacaine-induced parthanatos in SH-SY5Y cells via the miR-7-5p/PARP1 axis, which may shed a new insight into parthanatos-dependent neuronal injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 93-98 32434291-1 2021 Background: Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist, has been used for attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy, but not through the nebulized route. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 32-39 33833544-9 2021 Mechanistically, the cardioprotection offered by dexmedetomidine was mediated via the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis through downregulating the expression of the ERS signaling pathway, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Dexmedetomidine 49-64 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 205-233 33833544-9 2021 Mechanistically, the cardioprotection offered by dexmedetomidine was mediated via the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis through downregulating the expression of the ERS signaling pathway, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Dexmedetomidine 49-64 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 235-240 33833544-9 2021 Mechanistically, the cardioprotection offered by dexmedetomidine was mediated via the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis through downregulating the expression of the ERS signaling pathway, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Dexmedetomidine 49-64 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 302-326 33833544-9 2021 Mechanistically, the cardioprotection offered by dexmedetomidine was mediated via the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis through downregulating the expression of the ERS signaling pathway, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Dexmedetomidine 49-64 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 328-332 33558888-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced acute liver injury in rats by inhibiting caveolin-1 downstream signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caveolin 1 Rattus norvegicus 95-105 33833544-9 2021 Mechanistically, the cardioprotection offered by dexmedetomidine was mediated via the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis through downregulating the expression of the ERS signaling pathway, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Dexmedetomidine 49-64 activating transcription factor 6 Rattus norvegicus 376-409 33833544-9 2021 Mechanistically, the cardioprotection offered by dexmedetomidine was mediated via the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis through downregulating the expression of the ERS signaling pathway, including glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), inositol-requiring protein 1 (IRE1), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). Dexmedetomidine 49-64 activating transcription factor 6 Rattus norvegicus 411-415 33725228-7 2021 Moreover, DEX up-regulated SIRT1 expression level and down-regulated the levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related markers such as CHOP, cleaved-caspase-12 and cleaved-caspase-3, respectively. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-32 33725228-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine reversed hypoxia/reoxygenation injury-induced oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via SIRT1/CHOP signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 154-159 33725228-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine reversed hypoxia/reoxygenation injury-induced oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress-dependent apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via SIRT1/CHOP signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 160-164 33731281-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury and Ca2+ overload via the microRNA-346-3p/CaMKIId axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta Rattus norvegicus 116-123 33731281-9 2021 The role of CaMKIId in DEX protection was assessed after CaMKIId overexpression in H/R cells. Dexmedetomidine 23-26 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta Rattus norvegicus 12-19 33731281-14 2021 DEX improved H/R-induced cell injury and Ca2+ overload and inhibited NF-kappaB/NLRP3 inflammasome-related protein levels, which were all reversed by CaMKIId overexpression. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 79-84 33731281-14 2021 DEX improved H/R-induced cell injury and Ca2+ overload and inhibited NF-kappaB/NLRP3 inflammasome-related protein levels, which were all reversed by CaMKIId overexpression. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta Rattus norvegicus 149-156 33731281-15 2021 DEX alleviated injury and Ca2+ overload in MI/R via regulating the miR-346-3p/CaMKIId axis and inhibiting the NF-kappaB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta Rattus norvegicus 78-85 33731281-15 2021 DEX alleviated injury and Ca2+ overload in MI/R via regulating the miR-346-3p/CaMKIId axis and inhibiting the NF-kappaB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 120-125 33715922-1 2021 INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist that has sedative and analgesic properties and myocardial protective effects. Dexmedetomidine 29-44 UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C Rattus norvegicus 67-74 33499703-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Postconditioning alleviates Spinal Cord Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rats via Inhibiting Neutrophil Infiltration, Microglia Activation, Reactive Gliosis and CXCL13/CXCR5 Axis Activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 Rattus norvegicus 175-181 33499703-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Postconditioning alleviates Spinal Cord Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Rats via Inhibiting Neutrophil Infiltration, Microglia Activation, Reactive Gliosis and CXCL13/CXCR5 Axis Activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 Rattus norvegicus 182-187 33499703-12 2021 The expression of CXCL13, CXCR5, caspase-3, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta were reduced by DEX postconditioning. Dexmedetomidine 86-89 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 Rattus norvegicus 18-24 33499703-12 2021 The expression of CXCL13, CXCR5, caspase-3, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta were reduced by DEX postconditioning. Dexmedetomidine 86-89 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 Rattus norvegicus 26-31 33499703-12 2021 The expression of CXCL13, CXCR5, caspase-3, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta were reduced by DEX postconditioning. Dexmedetomidine 86-89 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 33-42 33499703-12 2021 The expression of CXCL13, CXCR5, caspase-3, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta were reduced by DEX postconditioning. Dexmedetomidine 86-89 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 44-48 33499703-12 2021 The expression of CXCL13, CXCR5, caspase-3, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta were reduced by DEX postconditioning. Dexmedetomidine 86-89 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 50-59 33499703-12 2021 The expression of CXCL13, CXCR5, caspase-3, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta were reduced by DEX postconditioning. Dexmedetomidine 86-89 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 61-69 33499703-13 2021 Conclusions: DEX postconditioning alleviated spinal cord I/R injury, which might be mediated via inhibition of neutrophil infiltration, microglia activation, reactive gliosis and CXCL13/CXCR5 axis activation. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 Rattus norvegicus 179-185 33499703-13 2021 Conclusions: DEX postconditioning alleviated spinal cord I/R injury, which might be mediated via inhibition of neutrophil infiltration, microglia activation, reactive gliosis and CXCL13/CXCR5 axis activation. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 Rattus norvegicus 186-191 33725228-7 2021 Moreover, DEX up-regulated SIRT1 expression level and down-regulated the levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related markers such as CHOP, cleaved-caspase-12 and cleaved-caspase-3, respectively. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 141-145 33725228-7 2021 Moreover, DEX up-regulated SIRT1 expression level and down-regulated the levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related markers such as CHOP, cleaved-caspase-12 and cleaved-caspase-3, respectively. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 caspase 12 Rattus norvegicus 155-165 33725228-8 2021 Ex527 could completely block DEX-induced upregulated expression of SIRT1, and partially blocked the DEX-induced downregulated expression levels of CHOP, cleaved-caspase-12 and cleaved-caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-72 33725228-8 2021 Ex527 could completely block DEX-induced upregulated expression of SIRT1, and partially blocked the DEX-induced downregulated expression levels of CHOP, cleaved-caspase-12 and cleaved-caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 100-103 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 147-151 33725228-8 2021 Ex527 could completely block DEX-induced upregulated expression of SIRT1, and partially blocked the DEX-induced downregulated expression levels of CHOP, cleaved-caspase-12 and cleaved-caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 100-103 caspase 12 Rattus norvegicus 161-171 33725228-8 2021 Ex527 could completely block DEX-induced upregulated expression of SIRT1, and partially blocked the DEX-induced downregulated expression levels of CHOP, cleaved-caspase-12 and cleaved-caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 100-103 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 184-193 33725228-9 2021 These results proved that DEX reversed H/R injury-induced oxidative stress and ER stress-dependent apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via SIRT1/CHOP signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 131-136 33515913-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine inhibits cell malignancy in osteosarcoma cells via miR-520a-3p-YOD1 interactome. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 YOD1 deubiquitinase Homo sapiens 79-83 33515913-4 2021 However, whether DEX affects osteosarcoma progression via miR-520a-3p-YOD1 interactome needs to be explored. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 YOD1 deubiquitinase Homo sapiens 70-74 33515913-9 2021 Notably, DEX treatment could inhibit YOD1 expression via upregulating miR-520a-3p, thereby suppressing cell malignancy in osteosarcoma. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 YOD1 deubiquitinase Homo sapiens 37-41 33725228-9 2021 These results proved that DEX reversed H/R injury-induced oxidative stress and ER stress-dependent apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via SIRT1/CHOP signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 137-141 33515913-10 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Our study first revealed that DEX inhibited malignancy of osteosarcoma cells via miR-520a-3p/YOD1 axis. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 YOD1 deubiquitinase Homo sapiens 106-110 33748118-8 2021 And the HMGB1 antagonist dexmedetomidine alleviated the changes induced by rHMGB1. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 8-13 33727816-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Alleviates LPS-Induced Neuronal Dysfunction by Modulating the AKT/GSK-3beta/CRMP-2 Pathway in Hippocampal Neurons. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 33727816-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Alleviates LPS-Induced Neuronal Dysfunction by Modulating the AKT/GSK-3beta/CRMP-2 Pathway in Hippocampal Neurons. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha Homo sapiens 82-91 33727816-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Alleviates LPS-Induced Neuronal Dysfunction by Modulating the AKT/GSK-3beta/CRMP-2 Pathway in Hippocampal Neurons. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 dihydropyrimidinase like 2 Homo sapiens 92-98 33727816-10 2021 Overall, dexmedetomidine modulated the AKT/GSK-3beta/CRMP-2 signaling pathway to alleviate LPS-induced neurological dysfunction. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 33727816-10 2021 Overall, dexmedetomidine modulated the AKT/GSK-3beta/CRMP-2 signaling pathway to alleviate LPS-induced neurological dysfunction. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha Homo sapiens 43-52 33727816-10 2021 Overall, dexmedetomidine modulated the AKT/GSK-3beta/CRMP-2 signaling pathway to alleviate LPS-induced neurological dysfunction. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 dihydropyrimidinase like 2 Homo sapiens 53-59 33748118-8 2021 And the HMGB1 antagonist dexmedetomidine alleviated the changes induced by rHMGB1. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-81 33628369-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Hypoxia-Induced Synaptic Loss and Cognitive Impairment via Inhibition of Microglial NOX2 Activation in the Hippocampus of Neonatal Rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 111-115 33450087-3 2021 Experimental and clinical studies support the notion that the alpha2 -adrenoceptor agonists, dexmedetomidine and clonidine, mitigate sympathetic and inflammatory overactivity in sepsis and cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Dexmedetomidine 93-108 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 62-68 32696258-1 2021 PURPOSE: To evaluate whether use of dexmedetomidine, a centrally acting alpha2 adrenergic agonist, reduces opioid consumption in PSF. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 72-78 32696258-1 2021 PURPOSE: To evaluate whether use of dexmedetomidine, a centrally acting alpha2 adrenergic agonist, reduces opioid consumption in PSF. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 insulin like growth factor binding protein 7 Homo sapiens 129-132 33461162-0 2021 Upregulated microRNA-381-5p strengthens the effect of dexmedetomidine preconditioning to protect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mouse models by inhibiting CHI3L1. Dexmedetomidine 54-69 microRNA 381 Mus musculus 12-24 33461162-0 2021 Upregulated microRNA-381-5p strengthens the effect of dexmedetomidine preconditioning to protect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mouse models by inhibiting CHI3L1. Dexmedetomidine 54-69 chitinase-like 1 Mus musculus 174-180 33461162-1 2021 OBJECTIVE: Over the years, roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in development of human diseases has been broadly investigated, while the role of dexmedetomidine (DEX) regulating miR-381-5p in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) remains largely unknown. Dexmedetomidine 137-152 microRNA 381 Homo sapiens 170-177 33461162-1 2021 OBJECTIVE: Over the years, roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in development of human diseases has been broadly investigated, while the role of dexmedetomidine (DEX) regulating miR-381-5p in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) remains largely unknown. Dexmedetomidine 154-157 microRNA 381 Homo sapiens 170-177 33461162-2 2021 Thus, we aimed to identify the effect of DEX on MIRI via mediating miR-381-5p. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 microRNA 381 Homo sapiens 67-74 33461162-8 2021 MiR-381-5p agomir improved the protective impact of DEX on myocardial injury in MIRI mice. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 microRNA 381 Mus musculus 0-7 33461162-10 2021 CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that upregulated miR-381-5p strengthens the effect of DEX preconditioning to protect against MIRI in mouse models by inhibiting CHI3L1. Dexmedetomidine 89-92 microRNA 381 Mus musculus 52-59 33461162-10 2021 CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that upregulated miR-381-5p strengthens the effect of DEX preconditioning to protect against MIRI in mouse models by inhibiting CHI3L1. Dexmedetomidine 89-92 chitinase-like 1 Mus musculus 163-169 33629579-0 2021 Involvement of GPR30 in protection effect of Dexmedetomidine against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat via AKT pathway. Dexmedetomidine 45-60 G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 15-20 33629579-0 2021 Involvement of GPR30 in protection effect of Dexmedetomidine against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat via AKT pathway. Dexmedetomidine 45-60 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 119-122 33629579-7 2021 However, knockdown of GPR30 by shRNA significantly counteracted the cardioprotective effect of DEX. Dexmedetomidine 95-98 G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 22-27 33629579-9 2021 The results showed that DEX significantly reduced the infarct size, and GPR30 agonist G1 enhanced the protective effect of DEX on heart. Dexmedetomidine 123-126 G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 72-77 33629579-10 2021 On the contrary, protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor LY294002 counteracted the protective effect of DEX on heart, suggesting that GPR30 enhanced the protective effect of DEX on ischemia-reperfusion induced heart injury by regulating AKT related pathways. Dexmedetomidine 97-100 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 35-38 33629579-10 2021 On the contrary, protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor LY294002 counteracted the protective effect of DEX on heart, suggesting that GPR30 enhanced the protective effect of DEX on ischemia-reperfusion induced heart injury by regulating AKT related pathways. Dexmedetomidine 97-100 G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 127-132 33629579-10 2021 On the contrary, protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor LY294002 counteracted the protective effect of DEX on heart, suggesting that GPR30 enhanced the protective effect of DEX on ischemia-reperfusion induced heart injury by regulating AKT related pathways. Dexmedetomidine 97-100 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 230-233 33629579-10 2021 On the contrary, protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor LY294002 counteracted the protective effect of DEX on heart, suggesting that GPR30 enhanced the protective effect of DEX on ischemia-reperfusion induced heart injury by regulating AKT related pathways. Dexmedetomidine 167-170 G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 127-132 33629579-10 2021 On the contrary, protein kinase B (AKT) inhibitor LY294002 counteracted the protective effect of DEX on heart, suggesting that GPR30 enhanced the protective effect of DEX on ischemia-reperfusion induced heart injury by regulating AKT related pathways. Dexmedetomidine 167-170 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 230-233 33632938-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine reverses MTX-induced neurotoxicity and inflammation in hippocampal HT22 cell lines via NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nuclear receptor coactivator 4 Mus musculus 103-108 33632938-3 2021 Here, alterations in nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)-mediated ferritinophagy were investigated as the possible causes of DEX"s neuroprotection of HT22 cells against methotrexate (MTX)-induced neurotoxicity. Dexmedetomidine 128-131 nuclear receptor coactivator 4 Mus musculus 21-51 33632938-3 2021 Here, alterations in nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)-mediated ferritinophagy were investigated as the possible causes of DEX"s neuroprotection of HT22 cells against methotrexate (MTX)-induced neurotoxicity. Dexmedetomidine 128-131 nuclear receptor coactivator 4 Mus musculus 53-58 33632938-9 2021 Increasing DEX concentrations caused significant falls in the expression of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1). Dexmedetomidine 11-14 ferritin heavy polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 76-98 33632938-9 2021 Increasing DEX concentrations caused significant falls in the expression of ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1). Dexmedetomidine 11-14 ferritin heavy polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 100-104 33632938-10 2021 DEX also increased vital ferritinophagy markers, NCOA4 and LC3II. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 nuclear receptor coactivator 4 Mus musculus 49-54 33632938-11 2021 NCOA4-siRNA transfection annulled the neuroprotective effects of DEX on MTX-induced inflammation in HT22 cells. Dexmedetomidine 65-68 nuclear receptor coactivator 4 Mus musculus 0-5 33632938-12 2021 Additionally, because NCOA4-siRNA disrupted ferritinophagy, DEX"s inhibitory impact on MTX-induced iron and ROS overproduction in HT22 cells was also annihilated. Dexmedetomidine 60-63 nuclear receptor coactivator 4 Mus musculus 22-27 33632938-13 2021 DEX weakened MTX-provoked neurontoxicity in HT22 cells, possibly by improving NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 nuclear receptor coactivator 4 Mus musculus 78-83 33688441-1 2021 Dexmedetomidine is an alpha2-adrenergic used as an adjunct therapy for sedation in the intensive care unit. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 22-28 33586940-0 2021 Protective effect of dexmedetomidine regulating AQP4 through ERK1/2 pathway against cerebral edema in cerebral trauma mice. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 aquaporin 4 Mus musculus 48-52 33586940-0 2021 Protective effect of dexmedetomidine regulating AQP4 through ERK1/2 pathway against cerebral edema in cerebral trauma mice. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 61-67 33628369-4 2021 We investigated whether dexmedetomidine acts through microglial NOX2 to reduce neonatal hypoxic brain damage. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 64-68 33628369-5 2021 Methods: The potential role of microglial NOX2 in dexmedetomidine-mediated alleviation of hypoxic damage was evaluated in cultured BV2 microglia and neonatal rats subjected to hypoxia. Dexmedetomidine 50-65 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 42-46 33628369-9 2021 Results: Pre- or posttreatment with dexmedetomidine alleviated hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment, restored damaged synapses, and increased postsynaptic density-95 and synaptophysin protein expression following neonatal hypoxia. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 DLG associated protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 142-165 33628369-9 2021 Results: Pre- or posttreatment with dexmedetomidine alleviated hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment, restored damaged synapses, and increased postsynaptic density-95 and synaptophysin protein expression following neonatal hypoxia. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 synaptophysin Rattus norvegicus 170-183 33628369-10 2021 Importantly, dexmedetomidine treatment suppressed hypoxia-induced microglial NOX2 activation and subsequent oxidative stress and the neuroinflammatory response, as reflected by reduced 4-hydroxynonenal and ROS accumulation, and decreased nuclear NF-kappaB p65 and proinflammatory cytokine levels in cultured BV2 microglia and the developing hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 77-81 33628369-12 2021 Moreover, the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine was reversed in NOX2-overexpressing BV2 microglia and diminished in apocynin-pretreated neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 40-55 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 72-76 33628369-13 2021 Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine targets microglial NOX2 to reduce oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and subsequently protects against hippocampal synaptic loss following neonatal hypoxia. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 47-51 33933302-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine protects against burn-induced intestinal barrier injury via the MLCK/p-MLC signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 myosin light chain kinase Homo sapiens 80-84 33572213-3 2021 The primary outcome was changes in plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein concentration of dexmedetomidine and control groups over time. Dexmedetomidine 91-106 glial fibrillary acidic protein Homo sapiens 42-73 33572213-7 2021 However, plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein increased after 180 min of infusion of dexmedetomidine compared with values at 30 min infusion (p = 0.04, mean difference and 95% confidence interval of 221.6 and 2.2 to 441.0 pg mL-1). Dexmedetomidine 87-102 glial fibrillary acidic protein Homo sapiens 16-47 33933302-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine protects against burn-induced intestinal barrier injury via the MLCK/p-MLC signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 modulator of VRAC current 1 Homo sapiens 80-83 33933302-10 2021 CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, dexmedetomidine exerted an anti-inflammatory effect and protected tight junction complexes against burn-induced intestinal barrier damage by inhibiting the MLCK/p-MLC signalling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 myosin light chain kinase Homo sapiens 184-188 33933302-10 2021 CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, dexmedetomidine exerted an anti-inflammatory effect and protected tight junction complexes against burn-induced intestinal barrier damage by inhibiting the MLCK/p-MLC signalling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 modulator of VRAC current 1 Homo sapiens 184-187 33220278-11 2021 Furthermore, T0070907 reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of DEX on TNFalpha and IL-6 productions in the cells. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 71-79 33220278-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activation following binding to alpha2 adrenoceptors. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 68-116 33220278-11 2021 Furthermore, T0070907 reversed the anti-inflammatory effects of DEX on TNFalpha and IL-6 productions in the cells. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 84-88 33220278-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activation following binding to alpha2 adrenoceptors. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 118-127 33220278-9 2021 DEX inhibited LPS-induced TNFalpha, IL-6, and PGE2 productions and COX-2 mRNA expression, and the effects of DEX were reversed by yohimbine. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 26-34 33220278-12 2021 These results suggest that DEX inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses through PPARgamma activation following binding to alpha2 adrenoceptors. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 83-92 33220278-9 2021 DEX inhibited LPS-induced TNFalpha, IL-6, and PGE2 productions and COX-2 mRNA expression, and the effects of DEX were reversed by yohimbine. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 36-40 33335574-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine protects against endothelial injury in septic rats induced by cecal ligation and puncture by decreasing angiopoietin 2 and increasing vascular endothelial cadherin levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 angiopoietin 2 Rattus norvegicus 120-134 33220278-9 2021 DEX inhibited LPS-induced TNFalpha, IL-6, and PGE2 productions and COX-2 mRNA expression, and the effects of DEX were reversed by yohimbine. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Mus musculus 67-72 33220278-10 2021 On the other hand, DEX significantly increased 15d-PGJ2 production and PPARgamma mRNA expression, and yohimbine reversed these DEX"s effects. Dexmedetomidine 19-22 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 71-80 33335574-6 2021 In addition, the expression levels of plasma Ang2 and the Ang2/1 ratio in the CLP + Dex group were significantly lower than those of the CLP rats (P<0.01). Dexmedetomidine 84-87 angiogenin, ribonuclease A family, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 45-49 33335574-6 2021 In addition, the expression levels of plasma Ang2 and the Ang2/1 ratio in the CLP + Dex group were significantly lower than those of the CLP rats (P<0.01). Dexmedetomidine 84-87 angiogenin, ribonuclease A family, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 58-64 33335574-7 2021 Furthermore, the level of VE-cadherin protein in lung tissue of the CLP + Dex group was higher than that of the CLP group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 74-77 cadherin 5 Rattus norvegicus 26-37 33335574-8 2021 The results indicated that Dex had a protective effect against CLP-induced endothelial injury, through the ability to reduce expression of the endothelial injury factor Ang2 and increase the expression of the endothelial adhesion junction factor VE-cadherin in a septic rat model. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 angiogenin, ribonuclease A family, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 169-173 33335574-8 2021 The results indicated that Dex had a protective effect against CLP-induced endothelial injury, through the ability to reduce expression of the endothelial injury factor Ang2 and increase the expression of the endothelial adhesion junction factor VE-cadherin in a septic rat model. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 cadherin 5 Rattus norvegicus 246-257 33509010-0 2021 Up-regulating microRNA-138-5p enhances the protective role of dexmedetomidine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury mice via down-regulating Ltb4r1. Dexmedetomidine 62-77 leukotriene B4 receptor 1 Mus musculus 145-151 33509010-2 2021 Given that, we concretely aim to discuss the effects of Dex and miR-138-5p on ventricular remodeling in mice affected by MI/RI via mediating leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (Ltb4r1). Dexmedetomidine 56-59 leukotriene B4 receptor 1 Mus musculus 168-174 33509010-8 2021 Dex improved cardiac function, alleviated myocardial damage, reduced inflammatory factor contents, collagen fibers, and Ltb4r1 expression while increased miR-138-5p expression in myocardial tissues of mice with MI/RI. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 leukotriene B4 receptor 1 Mus musculus 120-126 33509010-11 2021 The work evidence that Dex could ameliorate ventricular remodeling of MI/RI mice by up-regulating miR-138-3p and down-regulating Ltb4r1. Dexmedetomidine 23-26 leukotriene B4 receptor 1 Mus musculus 129-135 33335574-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine protects against endothelial injury in septic rats induced by cecal ligation and puncture by decreasing angiopoietin 2 and increasing vascular endothelial cadherin levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cadherin 5 Rattus norvegicus 150-179 33376514-13 2021 In conclusion, treatment with 1 microM DEX alleviated cell injury, apoptosis and the increases in GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 expression levels in H9c2 cells induced by 3 h of hypoxia and 3 h of reoxygenation. Dexmedetomidine 39-42 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 98-103 33376514-13 2021 In conclusion, treatment with 1 microM DEX alleviated cell injury, apoptosis and the increases in GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 expression levels in H9c2 cells induced by 3 h of hypoxia and 3 h of reoxygenation. Dexmedetomidine 39-42 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 105-109 33076786-7 2021 Dexmedetomidine reduced apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus DG region of rats, decreased the expression of caspase-3 and bax, inhibited microglia activation in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus DG region of rats, and decreased the plasma levels of IL-beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 122-131 33376514-13 2021 In conclusion, treatment with 1 microM DEX alleviated cell injury, apoptosis and the increases in GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12 expression levels in H9c2 cells induced by 3 h of hypoxia and 3 h of reoxygenation. Dexmedetomidine 39-42 caspase 12 Rattus norvegicus 114-124 33275947-0 2021 Up-regulation of miRNA-151-3p enhanced the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine against beta-amyloid by targeting DAPK-1 and TP53. Dexmedetomidine 69-84 death associated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 119-125 33275947-0 2021 Up-regulation of miRNA-151-3p enhanced the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine against beta-amyloid by targeting DAPK-1 and TP53. Dexmedetomidine 69-84 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 130-134 33275947-2 2021 Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been reported to have multiple neuroprotective effects, but its effect against beta-amyloid (Abeta) has not been completely determined and understood. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 119-124 33275947-3 2021 Dex can activate both alpha2 adrenoceptor/cAMP/PKA and imidazoline I receptors/ERK1/2 signals. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 79-85 33275947-5 2021 Dex suppressed the apoptosis of neuronal cells and production of reactive oxygen species induced by Abeta. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 100-105 33275947-7 2021 As indicated by western blot, Dex stimulates both pro-apoptosis (activating death-associated protein kinase 1 [DAPK-1] and p53) and anti-apoptotic (up-regulating bcl-2 and bcl-xL) signals in Abeta-treated neuronal cells. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 death associated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 76-109 33275947-7 2021 As indicated by western blot, Dex stimulates both pro-apoptosis (activating death-associated protein kinase 1 [DAPK-1] and p53) and anti-apoptotic (up-regulating bcl-2 and bcl-xL) signals in Abeta-treated neuronal cells. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 death associated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 111-117 33275947-7 2021 As indicated by western blot, Dex stimulates both pro-apoptosis (activating death-associated protein kinase 1 [DAPK-1] and p53) and anti-apoptotic (up-regulating bcl-2 and bcl-xL) signals in Abeta-treated neuronal cells. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 123-126 33275947-7 2021 As indicated by western blot, Dex stimulates both pro-apoptosis (activating death-associated protein kinase 1 [DAPK-1] and p53) and anti-apoptotic (up-regulating bcl-2 and bcl-xL) signals in Abeta-treated neuronal cells. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 162-167 33275947-7 2021 As indicated by western blot, Dex stimulates both pro-apoptosis (activating death-associated protein kinase 1 [DAPK-1] and p53) and anti-apoptotic (up-regulating bcl-2 and bcl-xL) signals in Abeta-treated neuronal cells. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 172-178 33275947-7 2021 As indicated by western blot, Dex stimulates both pro-apoptosis (activating death-associated protein kinase 1 [DAPK-1] and p53) and anti-apoptotic (up-regulating bcl-2 and bcl-xL) signals in Abeta-treated neuronal cells. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 191-196 33275947-8 2021 This effect is likely associated with ERK1/2 signaling because ERK1/2 inhibitor disrupts the effect of Dex on these signals. Dexmedetomidine 103-106 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 38-44 33275947-8 2021 This effect is likely associated with ERK1/2 signaling because ERK1/2 inhibitor disrupts the effect of Dex on these signals. Dexmedetomidine 103-106 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 63-69 33275947-9 2021 To eliminate the pro-apoptotic effect of Dex while retaining its anti-apoptosis action, we screened miRNA-151-3p to target DAPK-1 and p53. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 death associated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 123-129 33275947-9 2021 To eliminate the pro-apoptotic effect of Dex while retaining its anti-apoptosis action, we screened miRNA-151-3p to target DAPK-1 and p53. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 134-137 33275947-10 2021 Transfection with miRNA-151-3p mimics suppressed DAPK-1 and TP53 expression induced by Dex and increased Nrf-2 and SOD expression. Dexmedetomidine 87-90 death associated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 49-55 33275947-10 2021 Transfection with miRNA-151-3p mimics suppressed DAPK-1 and TP53 expression induced by Dex and increased Nrf-2 and SOD expression. Dexmedetomidine 87-90 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 60-64 33275947-11 2021 More importantly, increasing miRNA-151-3p enhanced the anti-apoptotic and antioxidative effects of Dex in Abeta-treated neuronal cells. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 106-111 33275947-12 2021 Overall, this study revealed that Dex additionally stimulated pro-apoptosis signaling, although it suppressed Abeta-induced apoptosis of neuronal cells. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 110-115 33275947-13 2021 miRNA-151-3p enhanced the neuroprotective effect of Dex against Abeta by targeting DAPK-1 and TP53. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 64-69 33275947-13 2021 miRNA-151-3p enhanced the neuroprotective effect of Dex against Abeta by targeting DAPK-1 and TP53. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 death associated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 83-89 33275947-13 2021 miRNA-151-3p enhanced the neuroprotective effect of Dex against Abeta by targeting DAPK-1 and TP53. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 94-98 33314611-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine-up-regulated microRNA-381 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in rats with cerebral ischaemic injury via the transcriptional factor IRF4. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 381 Rattus norvegicus 29-41 33314611-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine-up-regulated microRNA-381 exerts anti-inflammatory effects in rats with cerebral ischaemic injury via the transcriptional factor IRF4. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interferon regulatory factor 4 Rattus norvegicus 145-149 33314611-13 2021 Additionally, in MCAO rats, Dex was found to increase the miR-381 expression and reduced IRF4 expression to decrease the IL-9 expression, which suppressed the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 microRNA 381 Rattus norvegicus 58-65 33314611-13 2021 Additionally, in MCAO rats, Dex was found to increase the miR-381 expression and reduced IRF4 expression to decrease the IL-9 expression, which suppressed the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 interferon regulatory factor 4 Rattus norvegicus 89-93 33314611-13 2021 Additionally, in MCAO rats, Dex was found to increase the miR-381 expression and reduced IRF4 expression to decrease the IL-9 expression, which suppressed the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 interleukin 9 Rattus norvegicus 121-125 33314611-14 2021 Importantly, our study demonstrated that Dex elevated the expression of miR-381, which ultimately results in the inhibition of inflammation response in rats with cerebral ischaemic injury. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 microRNA 381 Rattus norvegicus 72-79 33076786-7 2021 Dexmedetomidine reduced apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus DG region of rats, decreased the expression of caspase-3 and bax, inhibited microglia activation in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus DG region of rats, and decreased the plasma levels of IL-beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 136-139 33076786-7 2021 Dexmedetomidine reduced apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus DG region of rats, decreased the expression of caspase-3 and bax, inhibited microglia activation in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus DG region of rats, and decreased the plasma levels of IL-beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 276-280 33076786-7 2021 Dexmedetomidine reduced apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus DG region of rats, decreased the expression of caspase-3 and bax, inhibited microglia activation in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus DG region of rats, and decreased the plasma levels of IL-beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 286-295 33421200-1 2021 BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine is a centrally-acting alpha-2 receptor agonist used to maintain light analgosedation in mechanically ventilated adults. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 50-57 33474802-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine ameliorates high-fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting SCD1 in obesity mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 Mus musculus 96-100 33584197-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine and Netrin-1 Combination Therapy Inhibits Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Regulating the ERK5/MEF2A Pathway to Attenuate Cerebral Ischemia Injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 Rattus norvegicus 105-109 33474802-7 2021 Additionally, DEX can also improve IR and inflammation by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa beta (NFkappaB) signaling pathway in vivo. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 145-153 33474802-8 2021 Our findings implicate that DEX may act as a potential anti-steatotic drug which ameliorates obesity-associated fatty liver and improves IR and inflammation, probably by suppressing the expression of SCD1 and the inhibition of MAPK/NFkappaB pathway and suggest the potential adjuvant use for the treatment of NAFLD. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 Mus musculus 200-204 33474802-8 2021 Our findings implicate that DEX may act as a potential anti-steatotic drug which ameliorates obesity-associated fatty liver and improves IR and inflammation, probably by suppressing the expression of SCD1 and the inhibition of MAPK/NFkappaB pathway and suggest the potential adjuvant use for the treatment of NAFLD. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 232-240 33584197-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine and Netrin-1 Combination Therapy Inhibits Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Regulating the ERK5/MEF2A Pathway to Attenuate Cerebral Ischemia Injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 myocyte enhancer factor 2a Rattus norvegicus 110-115 33584197-4 2021 The study aimed to estimate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and Netrin-1 combination therapy against ERS-induced apoptosis after cerebral ischemia injury in vivo and in vitro, and whether the mechanism is related to the ERK5/MEF2A pathway. Dexmedetomidine 44-59 myocyte enhancer factor 2a Rattus norvegicus 225-230 33584197-15 2021 Meanwhile, Combination of dexmedetomidine and Netrin-1 increased MEF2A expression and promoted ERK5 phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 myocyte enhancer factor 2a Rattus norvegicus 65-70 33504759-0 2021 Retracted: Dexmedetomidine Regulates Proliferation, Apoptosis, Migration, and Invasion in Ovarian Cancer Cells via MiR-155-HIF-1alpha Axis. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 microRNA 155 Homo sapiens 115-122 33504759-0 2021 Retracted: Dexmedetomidine Regulates Proliferation, Apoptosis, Migration, and Invasion in Ovarian Cancer Cells via MiR-155-HIF-1alpha Axis. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 123-133 33584197-15 2021 Meanwhile, Combination of dexmedetomidine and Netrin-1 increased MEF2A expression and promoted ERK5 phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 Rattus norvegicus 95-99 33504759-3 2021 Lihong Zheng, Ruimei Jia, Juan Zhao: Dexmedetomidine Regulates Proliferation, Apoptosis, Migration, and Invasion in Ovarian Cancer Cells via MiR-155-HIF-1alpha Axis. Dexmedetomidine 37-52 microRNA 155 Homo sapiens 141-148 33584197-16 2021 However, the protective effect of dexmedetomidine combined with Netrin-1 in improving neurological function was significantly eliminated by pre-knockdown MEF2A. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 myocyte enhancer factor 2a Rattus norvegicus 154-159 33504759-3 2021 Lihong Zheng, Ruimei Jia, Juan Zhao: Dexmedetomidine Regulates Proliferation, Apoptosis, Migration, and Invasion in Ovarian Cancer Cells via MiR-155-HIF-1alpha Axis. Dexmedetomidine 37-52 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 149-159 33449243-7 2021 Moreover, the changes in S100beta and NSE concentrations in the dexmedetomidine group were significantly more pronounced than the propofol group. Dexmedetomidine 64-79 S100 calcium binding protein A1 Homo sapiens 25-33 33449243-7 2021 Moreover, the changes in S100beta and NSE concentrations in the dexmedetomidine group were significantly more pronounced than the propofol group. Dexmedetomidine 64-79 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 38-41 33423824-1 2021 BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an alpha-2 adrenergic drug used for short sedation and as an alternative to diazepam (DZP) in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Dexmedetomidine 12-27 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 40-47 33423824-1 2021 BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an alpha-2 adrenergic drug used for short sedation and as an alternative to diazepam (DZP) in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). Dexmedetomidine 29-32 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 40-47 33423824-7 2021 In the comparison of the figures for the DEX group with the DZP (143.85+-2.30-137.95+-5.62) the SBP was significant with a (p=.0001). Dexmedetomidine 41-44 selenium binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 96-99 32889843-15 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Cardioprotection by treatment with Dex during early reperfusion seems to be mediated by both mitochondrial K-channels, whereas during late reperfusion only mBKCa-channels are involved. Dexmedetomidine 48-51 potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, alpha member 1 Mus musculus 169-174 33220608-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine exerts cardioprotective effect through miR-146a-3p targeting IRAK1 and TRAF6 via inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 77-82 33220608-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine exerts cardioprotective effect through miR-146a-3p targeting IRAK1 and TRAF6 via inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 TNF receptor associated factor 6 Rattus norvegicus 87-92 33220608-11 2021 Dexmedetomidine significantly decreased protein expressions of IRAK1, TRAF6, cleaved Caspase-3, BAX, and NF-kappaB p65, but increased expressions of BCL-2 in H9C2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 63-68 33220608-11 2021 Dexmedetomidine significantly decreased protein expressions of IRAK1, TRAF6, cleaved Caspase-3, BAX, and NF-kappaB p65, but increased expressions of BCL-2 in H9C2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 TNF receptor associated factor 6 Rattus norvegicus 70-75 33220608-11 2021 Dexmedetomidine significantly decreased protein expressions of IRAK1, TRAF6, cleaved Caspase-3, BAX, and NF-kappaB p65, but increased expressions of BCL-2 in H9C2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 85-94 33220608-11 2021 Dexmedetomidine significantly decreased protein expressions of IRAK1, TRAF6, cleaved Caspase-3, BAX, and NF-kappaB p65, but increased expressions of BCL-2 in H9C2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 96-99 33220608-11 2021 Dexmedetomidine significantly decreased protein expressions of IRAK1, TRAF6, cleaved Caspase-3, BAX, and NF-kappaB p65, but increased expressions of BCL-2 in H9C2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 149-154 33220608-12 2021 miR-146a-3p overexpression strengthened the anti-apoptotic effect induced by dexmedetomidine in H9C2 cells via decreasing protein levels of IRAK1, TRAF6, cleaved Caspase-3, BAX, NF-kappaB p65, p-NF-kappaB p65, and p-IkappaBalpha and increasing protein level of BCL-2. Dexmedetomidine 77-92 interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 140-145 33220608-12 2021 miR-146a-3p overexpression strengthened the anti-apoptotic effect induced by dexmedetomidine in H9C2 cells via decreasing protein levels of IRAK1, TRAF6, cleaved Caspase-3, BAX, NF-kappaB p65, p-NF-kappaB p65, and p-IkappaBalpha and increasing protein level of BCL-2. Dexmedetomidine 77-92 TNF receptor associated factor 6 Rattus norvegicus 147-152 33220608-12 2021 miR-146a-3p overexpression strengthened the anti-apoptotic effect induced by dexmedetomidine in H9C2 cells via decreasing protein levels of IRAK1, TRAF6, cleaved Caspase-3, BAX, NF-kappaB p65, p-NF-kappaB p65, and p-IkappaBalpha and increasing protein level of BCL-2. Dexmedetomidine 77-92 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 162-171 33220608-12 2021 miR-146a-3p overexpression strengthened the anti-apoptotic effect induced by dexmedetomidine in H9C2 cells via decreasing protein levels of IRAK1, TRAF6, cleaved Caspase-3, BAX, NF-kappaB p65, p-NF-kappaB p65, and p-IkappaBalpha and increasing protein level of BCL-2. Dexmedetomidine 77-92 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 173-176 33220608-12 2021 miR-146a-3p overexpression strengthened the anti-apoptotic effect induced by dexmedetomidine in H9C2 cells via decreasing protein levels of IRAK1, TRAF6, cleaved Caspase-3, BAX, NF-kappaB p65, p-NF-kappaB p65, and p-IkappaBalpha and increasing protein level of BCL-2. Dexmedetomidine 77-92 NFKB inhibitor alpha Rattus norvegicus 216-228 33220608-12 2021 miR-146a-3p overexpression strengthened the anti-apoptotic effect induced by dexmedetomidine in H9C2 cells via decreasing protein levels of IRAK1, TRAF6, cleaved Caspase-3, BAX, NF-kappaB p65, p-NF-kappaB p65, and p-IkappaBalpha and increasing protein level of BCL-2. Dexmedetomidine 77-92 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 261-266 33220608-16 2021 CONCLUSION: miR-146a-3p targeting IRAK1 and TRAF6 through inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling pathway and ROS emission is involved in cardioprotection induced by dexmedetomidine pretreatment. Dexmedetomidine 160-175 interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-39 33220608-16 2021 CONCLUSION: miR-146a-3p targeting IRAK1 and TRAF6 through inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling pathway and ROS emission is involved in cardioprotection induced by dexmedetomidine pretreatment. Dexmedetomidine 160-175 TNF receptor associated factor 6 Rattus norvegicus 44-49 33017590-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine inhibits apoptosis of astrocytes induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation via targeting JAK/STAT3 signal pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 105-110 33738435-2 2021 The alpha-2 agonist, dexmedetomidine, has gained popularity in laboratory animal anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C Rattus norvegicus 4-11 33039659-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine attenuates sepsis-associated inflammation and encephalopathy via central alpha2A adrenoceptor. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 89-109 33039659-15 2021 The protective effects of dexmedetomidine on the brain may be mediated by alpha2A adrenoceptors in the astrocytes. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 74-81 33639054-11 2021 Conclusion - Dexmedetomidine is able to inhibit inflammation and attenuate early neuronal injury in rats with acute brain injury, which may act on TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 147-151 33017590-9 2021 Meanwhile, DEX and WP1066 treatment were also found to inhibit the phosphorylation level of STAT1 and STAT3 (P < 0.05), indicating the DEX could suppress the activation of JAK/STAT signal pathway. Dexmedetomidine 11-14 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Rattus norvegicus 92-97 33017590-9 2021 Meanwhile, DEX and WP1066 treatment were also found to inhibit the phosphorylation level of STAT1 and STAT3 (P < 0.05), indicating the DEX could suppress the activation of JAK/STAT signal pathway. Dexmedetomidine 11-14 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 102-107 33017590-9 2021 Meanwhile, DEX and WP1066 treatment were also found to inhibit the phosphorylation level of STAT1 and STAT3 (P < 0.05), indicating the DEX could suppress the activation of JAK/STAT signal pathway. Dexmedetomidine 11-14 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 33545770-15 2021 The B-cell receptor signaling pathway and the cell cycle pathway might be involved in the neuroprotective effect of DEX against TBI, Lyn and Cdk1 might be hub genes. Dexmedetomidine 116-119 LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 133-136 33545770-15 2021 The B-cell receptor signaling pathway and the cell cycle pathway might be involved in the neuroprotective effect of DEX against TBI, Lyn and Cdk1 might be hub genes. Dexmedetomidine 116-119 cyclin-dependent kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-145 33179100-2 2021 Dexmedetomidine is an alpha2 adrenoceptor agonist used for the prevention of sevoflurane-induced agitation in children in clinical practice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5 Mus musculus 22-28 33179100-4 2021 Additionally, the involvement of alpha2 adrenoceptors in the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine was assessed. Dexmedetomidine 87-102 ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5 Mus musculus 33-39 33179100-11 2021 Dexmedetomidine significantly decreased the expression of activated caspase-3 following sevoflurane exposure. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caspase 3 Mus musculus 68-77 33179100-12 2021 Moreover, dexmedetomidine significantly decreased the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 64-73 33179100-12 2021 Moreover, dexmedetomidine significantly decreased the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 75-83 33179100-12 2021 Moreover, dexmedetomidine significantly decreased the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 88-92 33179100-17 2021 These findings suggested that dexmedetomidine exerted a neuroprotective effect against sevoflurane-induced apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and neurocognitive impairment, which was mediated, at least in part, by alpha2 adrenoceptors. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5 Mus musculus 221-227 33017590-9 2021 Meanwhile, DEX and WP1066 treatment were also found to inhibit the phosphorylation level of STAT1 and STAT3 (P < 0.05), indicating the DEX could suppress the activation of JAK/STAT signal pathway. Dexmedetomidine 135-138 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Rattus norvegicus 92-97 33017590-9 2021 Meanwhile, DEX and WP1066 treatment were also found to inhibit the phosphorylation level of STAT1 and STAT3 (P < 0.05), indicating the DEX could suppress the activation of JAK/STAT signal pathway. Dexmedetomidine 135-138 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 102-107 33017590-9 2021 Meanwhile, DEX and WP1066 treatment were also found to inhibit the phosphorylation level of STAT1 and STAT3 (P < 0.05), indicating the DEX could suppress the activation of JAK/STAT signal pathway. Dexmedetomidine 135-138 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 33017590-10 2021 JMJD3 overexpression in astrocytes could suppress the anti-apoptotic function of WP1066 in OGD treated astrocytes and hamper the protective effect of DEX in cell apoptosis (P < 0.05), suggesting that DEX and JAK/STAT signal pathway inhibits OGD induced apoptosis in astrocytes by down-regulating JMJD3. Dexmedetomidine 150-153 lysine demethylase 6B Rattus norvegicus 0-5 33017590-10 2021 JMJD3 overexpression in astrocytes could suppress the anti-apoptotic function of WP1066 in OGD treated astrocytes and hamper the protective effect of DEX in cell apoptosis (P < 0.05), suggesting that DEX and JAK/STAT signal pathway inhibits OGD induced apoptosis in astrocytes by down-regulating JMJD3. Dexmedetomidine 200-203 lysine demethylase 6B Rattus norvegicus 0-5 33017590-11 2021 CONCLUSION: DEX protects astrocytes against apoptosis via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway and downregulating JMJD3 expression in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 69-73 33017590-11 2021 CONCLUSION: DEX protects astrocytes against apoptosis via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway and downregulating JMJD3 expression in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 74-79 33017590-11 2021 CONCLUSION: DEX protects astrocytes against apoptosis via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signal pathway and downregulating JMJD3 expression in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 lysine demethylase 6B Rattus norvegicus 114-119 32024386-8 2020 In addition, Dex activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways by declining miR-199a level.Conclusions: This article illustrated the protective effect of Dex on oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 162-165 microRNA 199a-2 Rattus norvegicus 84-92 33280824-9 2021 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine suppresses hepatic IR injury and the protective mechanism appears to involve the decrease of IL-6 and upregulation of Bcl-2 expression, which result in the attenuation of inflammatory response and the inhibition of apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 121-125 33280824-9 2021 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine suppresses hepatic IR injury and the protective mechanism appears to involve the decrease of IL-6 and upregulation of Bcl-2 expression, which result in the attenuation of inflammatory response and the inhibition of apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 146-151 33045891-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine inhibits microglial activation through SNHG14/HMGB1 pathway in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 Mus musculus 55-61 33045891-0 2022 Dexmedetomidine inhibits microglial activation through SNHG14/HMGB1 pathway in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 62-67 33045891-8 2022 The stability of HMGB1 was measured by ubiquitination assay and cycloheximide-chase assay.Results DEX inhibited microglial activation and down-regulated SNHG14 expression in SCIRI mice and oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated primary microglia. Dexmedetomidine 98-101 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 17-22 33045891-8 2022 The stability of HMGB1 was measured by ubiquitination assay and cycloheximide-chase assay.Results DEX inhibited microglial activation and down-regulated SNHG14 expression in SCIRI mice and oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated primary microglia. Dexmedetomidine 98-101 small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 Mus musculus 153-159 33045891-9 2022 Functionally, SNHG14 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of DEX on OGD/R-induced microglial activation. Dexmedetomidine 70-73 small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 Mus musculus 14-20 33045891-11 2022 In addition, the silence of HMGB1 eliminated the pro-activation impact of SNHG14 overexpression on DEX-treated microglia under the OGD/R condition. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 28-33 33045891-11 2022 In addition, the silence of HMGB1 eliminated the pro-activation impact of SNHG14 overexpression on DEX-treated microglia under the OGD/R condition. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 Mus musculus 74-80 33045891-12 2022 Finally, in vivo experiments showed SNHG14 overexpression abrogated the therapeutic effect of DEX on SCIRI mice by up-regulating HMGB1.Conclusion DEX accelerated HMGB1 degradation via down-regulating SNHG14, thus inhibiting microglial activation in SCIRI mice. Dexmedetomidine 94-97 small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 Mus musculus 36-42 33045891-12 2022 Finally, in vivo experiments showed SNHG14 overexpression abrogated the therapeutic effect of DEX on SCIRI mice by up-regulating HMGB1.Conclusion DEX accelerated HMGB1 degradation via down-regulating SNHG14, thus inhibiting microglial activation in SCIRI mice. Dexmedetomidine 94-97 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 129-134 33045891-12 2022 Finally, in vivo experiments showed SNHG14 overexpression abrogated the therapeutic effect of DEX on SCIRI mice by up-regulating HMGB1.Conclusion DEX accelerated HMGB1 degradation via down-regulating SNHG14, thus inhibiting microglial activation in SCIRI mice. Dexmedetomidine 94-97 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 162-167 33045891-12 2022 Finally, in vivo experiments showed SNHG14 overexpression abrogated the therapeutic effect of DEX on SCIRI mice by up-regulating HMGB1.Conclusion DEX accelerated HMGB1 degradation via down-regulating SNHG14, thus inhibiting microglial activation in SCIRI mice. Dexmedetomidine 94-97 small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 Mus musculus 200-206 33045891-12 2022 Finally, in vivo experiments showed SNHG14 overexpression abrogated the therapeutic effect of DEX on SCIRI mice by up-regulating HMGB1.Conclusion DEX accelerated HMGB1 degradation via down-regulating SNHG14, thus inhibiting microglial activation in SCIRI mice. Dexmedetomidine 146-149 small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 Mus musculus 36-42 33045891-12 2022 Finally, in vivo experiments showed SNHG14 overexpression abrogated the therapeutic effect of DEX on SCIRI mice by up-regulating HMGB1.Conclusion DEX accelerated HMGB1 degradation via down-regulating SNHG14, thus inhibiting microglial activation in SCIRI mice. Dexmedetomidine 146-149 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 129-134 33045891-12 2022 Finally, in vivo experiments showed SNHG14 overexpression abrogated the therapeutic effect of DEX on SCIRI mice by up-regulating HMGB1.Conclusion DEX accelerated HMGB1 degradation via down-regulating SNHG14, thus inhibiting microglial activation in SCIRI mice. Dexmedetomidine 146-149 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 162-167 33045891-12 2022 Finally, in vivo experiments showed SNHG14 overexpression abrogated the therapeutic effect of DEX on SCIRI mice by up-regulating HMGB1.Conclusion DEX accelerated HMGB1 degradation via down-regulating SNHG14, thus inhibiting microglial activation in SCIRI mice. Dexmedetomidine 146-149 small nucleolar RNA host gene 14 Mus musculus 200-206 33332077-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine alleviates pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury through modulating the miR-21-5p/Nr4a1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 21a Mus musculus 88-94 33332077-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine alleviates pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury through modulating the miR-21-5p/Nr4a1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 Mus musculus 98-103 33332077-6 2020 Dex treatment also increased cell viability, reduced apoptotic ratio and downregulated expression levels of Cleaved Caspase-3 and Cleaved Caspase-9 in H/R induced MPVECs. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 caspase 9 Mus musculus 138-147 33332077-7 2020 Furthermore, the expression of miR-21-5p was upregulated, while Nr4a1 was downregulated by Dex in a concentration-dependent manner in H/R induced MPVECs. Dexmedetomidine 91-94 nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 Mus musculus 64-69 33332077-9 2020 Overexpression of Nr4a1 could reverse the protective effects of Dex on alleviating H/R-induced injury in MPVECs. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 Mus musculus 18-23 33332077-10 2020 Taken together, Dex treatment attenuated ischemia-reperfusion induced pulmonary injury through modulating the miR-21-5p/Nr4a1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 16-19 microRNA 21a Mus musculus 110-116 33332077-10 2020 Taken together, Dex treatment attenuated ischemia-reperfusion induced pulmonary injury through modulating the miR-21-5p/Nr4a1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 16-19 nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 Mus musculus 120-125 33038375-12 2020 KEY FINDINGS: Our results showed that treatment with dexmedetomidine significantly ameliorated LPS-induced neurobehavioral abnormalities and myelin damage, which is accompanied by suppression of STAT3 activation and reactive astrogliosis. Dexmedetomidine 53-68 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 195-200 33038375-13 2020 SIGNIFICANCE: Dexmedetomidine can alleviate neurobehavioral impairments and myelination deficits after LPS exposure in early postnatal rats, probably by mitigating STAT3-mediated reactive astrogliosis. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 164-169 33577050-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine represses proliferation and promotes apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells by regulating C-Myc gene expression via the ERK signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 104-109 33577050-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine represses proliferation and promotes apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells by regulating C-Myc gene expression via the ERK signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 134-137 32024386-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine protects PC12 cells from oxidative damage through regulation of miR-199a/HIF-1alpha. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 199a-2 Rattus norvegicus 80-88 32024386-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine protects PC12 cells from oxidative damage through regulation of miR-199a/HIF-1alpha. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 89-99 32024386-6 2020 The activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways was tested by western blot.Results: Dex attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative damage, including the decline of cell viability, the raise of apoptosis and the generation of ROS in PC12 cells by down-regulating miR-199a expression. Dexmedetomidine 98-101 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-26 32024386-6 2020 The activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways was tested by western blot.Results: Dex attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative damage, including the decline of cell viability, the raise of apoptosis and the generation of ROS in PC12 cells by down-regulating miR-199a expression. Dexmedetomidine 98-101 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 27-31 32024386-6 2020 The activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways was tested by western blot.Results: Dex attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative damage, including the decline of cell viability, the raise of apoptosis and the generation of ROS in PC12 cells by down-regulating miR-199a expression. Dexmedetomidine 98-101 Wnt family member 2 Rattus norvegicus 36-39 32024386-6 2020 The activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways was tested by western blot.Results: Dex attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative damage, including the decline of cell viability, the raise of apoptosis and the generation of ROS in PC12 cells by down-regulating miR-199a expression. Dexmedetomidine 98-101 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 40-52 33001139-12 2020 CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that the nighttime administration of a solid oral dosage formulation of dexmedetomidine is associated with increased non-REM 2 sleep and decreased REM sleep. Dexmedetomidine 111-126 RRAD and GEM like GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 160-165 32024386-6 2020 The activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways was tested by western blot.Results: Dex attenuated H2O2-induced oxidative damage, including the decline of cell viability, the raise of apoptosis and the generation of ROS in PC12 cells by down-regulating miR-199a expression. Dexmedetomidine 98-101 microRNA 199a-2 Rattus norvegicus 267-275 32024386-7 2020 Moreover, Dex up-regulated HIF-1alpha expression via decreasing miR-199a level in PC12 cells and miR-199a targeted the 3"-UTR of HIF-1alpha. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 27-37 32024386-7 2020 Moreover, Dex up-regulated HIF-1alpha expression via decreasing miR-199a level in PC12 cells and miR-199a targeted the 3"-UTR of HIF-1alpha. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 microRNA 199a-2 Rattus norvegicus 64-72 32024386-9 2020 Furthermore, Dex prevented PC12 cells from oxidative injury through the regulation of miR-199a/HIF-1alpha. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 microRNA 199a-2 Rattus norvegicus 86-94 32024386-7 2020 Moreover, Dex up-regulated HIF-1alpha expression via decreasing miR-199a level in PC12 cells and miR-199a targeted the 3"-UTR of HIF-1alpha. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 129-139 32024386-9 2020 Furthermore, Dex prevented PC12 cells from oxidative injury through the regulation of miR-199a/HIF-1alpha. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 95-105 32024386-8 2020 In addition, Dex activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways by declining miR-199a level.Conclusions: This article illustrated the protective effect of Dex on oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-35 32024386-8 2020 In addition, Dex activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways by declining miR-199a level.Conclusions: This article illustrated the protective effect of Dex on oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 36-40 32024386-8 2020 In addition, Dex activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways by declining miR-199a level.Conclusions: This article illustrated the protective effect of Dex on oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 Wnt family member 2 Rattus norvegicus 45-48 32024386-8 2020 In addition, Dex activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways by declining miR-199a level.Conclusions: This article illustrated the protective effect of Dex on oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-61 32024386-8 2020 In addition, Dex activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways by declining miR-199a level.Conclusions: This article illustrated the protective effect of Dex on oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 microRNA 199a-2 Rattus norvegicus 84-92 32024386-8 2020 In addition, Dex activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways by declining miR-199a level.Conclusions: This article illustrated the protective effect of Dex on oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 162-165 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-35 32024386-8 2020 In addition, Dex activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways by declining miR-199a level.Conclusions: This article illustrated the protective effect of Dex on oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 162-165 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 36-40 32024386-8 2020 In addition, Dex activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways by declining miR-199a level.Conclusions: This article illustrated the protective effect of Dex on oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 162-165 Wnt family member 2 Rattus norvegicus 45-48 32024386-8 2020 In addition, Dex activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Wnt/beta-catenin pathways by declining miR-199a level.Conclusions: This article illustrated the protective effect of Dex on oxidative damage in PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 162-165 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-61 33336761-9 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Dex promotes the recovery of renal function and reduces the inflammatory level in RIRI rats through the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 122-125 33336761-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine promotes the recovery of renal function and reduces the inflammatory level in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury rats through PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 146-149 33336761-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine promotes the recovery of renal function and reduces the inflammatory level in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury rats through PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 150-160 33336761-1 2020 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) in rats through the phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 48-63 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit gamma Rattus norvegicus 139-176 33336761-1 2020 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) in rats through the phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 48-63 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 202-205 33336761-1 2020 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) in rats through the phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 48-63 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 207-238 33336761-1 2020 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) in rats through the phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 48-63 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 240-250 33336761-1 2020 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the protective effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) in rats through the phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 65-68 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit gamma Rattus norvegicus 139-176 32839917-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Provides Protection Against Hippocampal Neuron Apoptosis and Cognitive Impairment in Mice with Alzheimer"s Disease by Mediating the miR-129/YAP1/JAG1 Axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 129 Mus musculus 148-155 32839917-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Provides Protection Against Hippocampal Neuron Apoptosis and Cognitive Impairment in Mice with Alzheimer"s Disease by Mediating the miR-129/YAP1/JAG1 Axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 yes-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 156-160 32839917-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Provides Protection Against Hippocampal Neuron Apoptosis and Cognitive Impairment in Mice with Alzheimer"s Disease by Mediating the miR-129/YAP1/JAG1 Axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 jagged 1 Mus musculus 161-165 32839917-4 2020 The present study aims to determine whether miR-129 is involved in the protective effect of Dex against Abeta1-42-induced hippocampal neuron apoptosis and cognitive impairment in mice. Dexmedetomidine 92-95 microRNA 129 Mus musculus 44-51 32839917-6 2020 The findings showed that Dex administration resulted in the enhancement of miR-129 expression with declined hippocampal neuron apoptosis and attenuated cognitive impairment in Abeta1-42-injected mice. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 microRNA 129 Mus musculus 75-82 32839917-8 2020 In conclusion, the miR-129/YAP1/JAG1 axis could potentially be the mechanism by which Dex protects AD mice from cognitive impairment. Dexmedetomidine 86-89 microRNA 129 Mus musculus 19-26 32839917-8 2020 In conclusion, the miR-129/YAP1/JAG1 axis could potentially be the mechanism by which Dex protects AD mice from cognitive impairment. Dexmedetomidine 86-89 yes-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 27-31 32839917-8 2020 In conclusion, the miR-129/YAP1/JAG1 axis could potentially be the mechanism by which Dex protects AD mice from cognitive impairment. Dexmedetomidine 86-89 jagged 1 Mus musculus 32-36 31146517-0 2020 Observation of analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine combined with ketorolac tromethamine in laparoscopic surgery under ERAS. Dexmedetomidine 35-50 ES cell expressed Ras Homo sapiens 118-122 33541499-0 2020 [Effect of dexmedetomidine on expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 in kidney tissue of rats with acute kidney injury induced by sepsis]. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 tight junction protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 33541499-1 2020 OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 in kidney tissues of rats with acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by sepsis. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 tight junction protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 102-106 33287729-0 2020 Perioperative Dexmedetomidine attenuates brain ischemia reperfusion injury possibly via up-regulation of astrocyte Connexin 43. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 115-126 33287729-2 2020 It is believed that dexmedetomidine participates in Cx43-mediated effects. Dexmedetomidine 20-35 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 52-56 33287729-8 2020 Primary astrocytes were cultured to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on Cx43 after oxygen-glucose deprivation. Dexmedetomidine 59-74 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-82 33287729-9 2020 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine pretreatment attenuated neurological injury, brain lesions and expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha) after brain ischemia (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 9-24 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 124-132 33287729-9 2020 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine pretreatment attenuated neurological injury, brain lesions and expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha) after brain ischemia (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 9-24 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 134-138 33287729-9 2020 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine pretreatment attenuated neurological injury, brain lesions and expression of inflammatory factors (IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha) after brain ischemia (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 9-24 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 140-149 33287729-10 2020 Astrocyte Cx43 was down-regulated by brain I/R injury, both in vivo and in vitro, which were reversed by dexmedetomidine (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 105-120 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-14 33287729-12 2020 Further studies with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) or SB216763 (GSK-3beta inhibitor) confirmed the effect of dexmedetomidine on astrocyte Cx43. Dexmedetomidine 105-120 glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha Rattus norvegicus 60-69 33287729-12 2020 Further studies with LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) or SB216763 (GSK-3beta inhibitor) confirmed the effect of dexmedetomidine on astrocyte Cx43. Dexmedetomidine 105-120 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-138 33287729-13 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative dexmedetomidine administration attenuates neurological injury after brain I/R injury, possibly through up-regulation of astrocyte Cx43. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 157-161 33378047-0 2020 Therapeutic efficacy of dexmedetomidine on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease via downregulating lncRNA PACER. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 PTGS2 antisense NFKB1 complex-mediated expression regulator RNA Homo sapiens 107-112 33378047-1 2020 OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to clarify the therapeutic mechanism of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) on the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its regulatory effect on long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PACER. Dexmedetomidine 76-91 PTGS2 antisense NFKB1 complex-mediated expression regulator RNA Homo sapiens 208-213 33378047-1 2020 OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to clarify the therapeutic mechanism of Dexmedetomidine (DEX) on the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its regulatory effect on long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PACER. Dexmedetomidine 93-96 PTGS2 antisense NFKB1 complex-mediated expression regulator RNA Homo sapiens 208-213 33378047-12 2020 Notably, DEX induction decreased PACER expression, and proliferative and migratory abilities in primary rat alveolar epithelial cells harvested from COPD rats. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 PTGS2 antisense NFKB1 complex-mediated expression regulator RNA Homo sapiens 33-38 33378047-13 2020 Overexpression of PP2A could partially abolish the promotive effects of PACER on proliferative and migratory abilities in DEX-induced primary rat alveolar epithelial cells harvested from COPD rats. Dexmedetomidine 122-125 PTGS2 antisense NFKB1 complex-mediated expression regulator RNA Homo sapiens 72-77 33378047-15 2020 Dexmedetomidine is conducive to COPD treatment by downregulating PACER. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 PTGS2 antisense NFKB1 complex-mediated expression regulator RNA Homo sapiens 65-70 33200000-0 2020 Effect of dexmedetomidine combined with etomidate on IL-17A and S-100beta expression levels in rats with postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 interleukin 17A Rattus norvegicus 53-59 33200000-1 2020 The present study aimed to explore the effects of dexmedetomidine combined with etomidate on the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-17A and S-100beta in rats with postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Dexmedetomidine 50-65 interleukin 17A Rattus norvegicus 118-138 32656611-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Suppressed the Biological Behavior of HK-2 Cells Treated with LPS by Down-Regulating ALKBH5. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 alkB homolog 5, RNA demethylase Homo sapiens 101-107 32656611-8 2020 Besides, dexmedetomidine reduced the expression of MALAT1 in HK-2 cells under LPS stimulation. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 51-57 32656611-10 2020 Furthermore, dexmedetomidine inhibited the expression of ALKBH5 in LPS-treated HK-2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 alkB homolog 5, RNA demethylase Homo sapiens 57-63 32656611-12 2020 In short, dexmedetomidine suppressed the biological behavior of HK-2 cells treated with LPS by inhibiting the expression of ALKBH5 in vitro, which may provide potential targets for the prevention and treatment of sepsis-induced kidney injury. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 alkB homolog 5, RNA demethylase Homo sapiens 124-130 31565907-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine promotes spinal cord injury repairing via activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 69-73 33173983-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine reduces ventilator-induced lung injury via ERK1/2 pathway activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 59-65 33173983-7 2020 Dex significantly attenuated the ratio of Bak/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3 expression levels and epithelial cell death, and increased the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 BCL2-antagonist/killer 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-45 33173983-7 2020 Dex significantly attenuated the ratio of Bak/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3 expression levels and epithelial cell death, and increased the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 46-51 33173983-7 2020 Dex significantly attenuated the ratio of Bak/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3 expression levels and epithelial cell death, and increased the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 61-70 33173983-7 2020 Dex significantly attenuated the ratio of Bak/Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3 expression levels and epithelial cell death, and increased the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 163-169 33173983-8 2020 The protective effects of Dex could be partially reversed by PD98059, which is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (upstream of ERK1/2) inhibitor. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 127-133 33173983-9 2020 Overall, dexmedetomidine was found to reduce the inflammatory response and epithelial cell death caused by VILI, via the activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 139-145 33331570-7 2020 Compared with the control group, in the Dex group at T1, T2, and T3, the serum creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin-I, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were decreased, and the interleukin-10 level, the serum total superoxide dismutase, and total anti-oxidant capability increased, while the myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels decreased (all P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 40-43 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 119-137 33331570-7 2020 Compared with the control group, in the Dex group at T1, T2, and T3, the serum creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin-I, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were decreased, and the interleukin-10 level, the serum total superoxide dismutase, and total anti-oxidant capability increased, while the myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels decreased (all P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 40-43 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 143-170 33331570-7 2020 Compared with the control group, in the Dex group at T1, T2, and T3, the serum creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin-I, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were decreased, and the interleukin-10 level, the serum total superoxide dismutase, and total anti-oxidant capability increased, while the myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels decreased (all P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 40-43 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 202-216 33331570-7 2020 Compared with the control group, in the Dex group at T1, T2, and T3, the serum creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin-I, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were decreased, and the interleukin-10 level, the serum total superoxide dismutase, and total anti-oxidant capability increased, while the myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde levels decreased (all P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 40-43 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 317-332 33299886-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Protects against Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Ameliorating Oxidative Stress and Cell Apoptosis through the Trx1-Dependent Akt Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 151-154 33299886-3 2020 The present study was aimed at investigating whether the Trx1/Akt pathway participated in the cardioprotective effect of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 121-124 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-65 33299886-6 2020 More importantly, it was found that the level of Trx1 was preserved, and Akt phosphorylation was significantly upregulated by Dex treatment. Dexmedetomidine 126-129 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-76 33299886-9 2020 Furthermore, our results present a novel signaling mechanism that the cardioprotective effect of Dex is at least partly achieved through the Trx1-dependent Akt pathway. Dexmedetomidine 97-100 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 156-159 33262576-0 2020 Activation of PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha Signaling is Involved in Lung Protection of Dexmedetomidine in Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Pilot Study. Dexmedetomidine 78-93 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 33262576-0 2020 Activation of PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha Signaling is Involved in Lung Protection of Dexmedetomidine in Patients Undergoing Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery: A Pilot Study. Dexmedetomidine 78-93 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 23-33 33262576-10 2020 DEX alleviated the alveolar capillary epithelial structure damage, increased protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin, inhibited elevation of the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in lung tissue and plasma, and increased protein expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT and HIF-1alpha. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tight junction protein 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 33262576-10 2020 DEX alleviated the alveolar capillary epithelial structure damage, increased protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin, inhibited elevation of the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in lung tissue and plasma, and increased protein expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT and HIF-1alpha. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 occludin Homo sapiens 108-116 33262576-10 2020 DEX alleviated the alveolar capillary epithelial structure damage, increased protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin, inhibited elevation of the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in lung tissue and plasma, and increased protein expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT and HIF-1alpha. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 159-168 33262576-10 2020 DEX alleviated the alveolar capillary epithelial structure damage, increased protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin, inhibited elevation of the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in lung tissue and plasma, and increased protein expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT and HIF-1alpha. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 173-177 33262576-10 2020 DEX alleviated the alveolar capillary epithelial structure damage, increased protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin, inhibited elevation of the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in lung tissue and plasma, and increased protein expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT and HIF-1alpha. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 251-254 33262576-10 2020 DEX alleviated the alveolar capillary epithelial structure damage, increased protein expression of ZO-1 and occludin, inhibited elevation of the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in lung tissue and plasma, and increased protein expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT and HIF-1alpha. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 259-269 33262576-12 2020 Conclusion: Activation of PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha signaling might be involved in lung protection of DEX in patients undergoing VATS. Dexmedetomidine 96-99 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 33262576-12 2020 Conclusion: Activation of PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha signaling might be involved in lung protection of DEX in patients undergoing VATS. Dexmedetomidine 96-99 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 35-45 33239930-2 2020 Based on the principles of PCA, we developed Patient-Controlled Sleep (PCSL) for chronic intractable insomnia where the traditional analgesics in PCA were replaced with dexmedetomidine (Dex), an alpha-2 agonist widely used for premedication, sedation, anxiolysis and analgesia. Dexmedetomidine 169-184 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 195-202 33541499-1 2020 OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 in kidney tissues of rats with acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by sepsis. Dexmedetomidine 53-56 tight junction protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 102-106 33541499-16 2020 CONCLUSIONS: DEX may reduce sepsis-induced AKI in rats by up-regulating the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1 in kidney tissue. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 tight junction protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 113-117 33336761-9 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Dex promotes the recovery of renal function and reduces the inflammatory level in RIRI rats through the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 126-136 33147167-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine inhibits inflammatory response and autophagy through the circLrp1b/miR-27a-3p/Dram2 pathway in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator 2 Rattus norvegicus 94-99 33693047-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine is a sedative agent that operates via the alpha2 adrenergic agonist, which provides sleep-like sedation with little respiratory suppression. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 58-64 33147167-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) shows improvement effects in TBI by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 69-74 33147167-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) shows improvement effects in TBI by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caspase 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-84 33147167-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) shows improvement effects in TBI by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 69-74 33147167-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) shows improvement effects in TBI by inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 caspase 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-84 33147167-5 2020 Administration of DEX ameliorated autophagy in rats following TBI, accompanied by up-regulated circLrp1b and Dram2 and down-regulated miR-27a-3p. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator 2 Rattus norvegicus 109-114 33147167-6 2020 DEX promoted the effects of circLrp1b in attenuating TBI-induced neurologic impairment, autophagy, and inflammation, which was significantly reversed by inhibition of miR-27a-3p or Dram2 overexpression. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator 2 Rattus norvegicus 181-186 33147167-7 2020 Mechanistically, northern blot and luciferase reporter assays indicated that circLrp1b up-regulated Dram2 expression by functioning as a sponge for miR-27a-3p to promote autophagy involved in TBI, which was reversed by DEX treatment. Dexmedetomidine 219-222 DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator 2 Rattus norvegicus 100-105 33147167-8 2020 Collectively, this study demonstrated that DEX inhibits inflammatory response and autophagy involved in TBI in vivo through inactivation of the circLrp1b/miR-27a-3p/Dram2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator 2 Rattus norvegicus 165-170 33000208-9 2020 The results showed that the addition of dexmedetomidine to ropivacaine decreased the rate of apoptosis and caspase-3 expression levels in a dose-dependent manner compared with ropivacaine alone (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 40-55 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 107-116 32501525-1 2020 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sedation with dexmedetomidine, a highly selective alpha2-agonist with sedative effect, for EEG recording in children with behavioral disorders. Dexmedetomidine 64-79 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 100-106 33275257-14 2020 Immunohistochemistry results showed that the mean optical density of Caspase-3 positive expression increase remarkably in model group and Dex group when compared with normal group (p<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 138-141 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 69-78 33275257-20 2020 Finally, ELISA assay indicated that model group and Dex group had markedly higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha than normal group (p<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 52-55 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 33275257-20 2020 Finally, ELISA assay indicated that model group and Dex group had markedly higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha than normal group (p<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 52-55 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 101-110 33275257-21 2020 However, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly lower in Dex group than model group (p<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 70-73 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 23-27 33275257-21 2020 However, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha were significantly lower in Dex group than model group (p<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 70-73 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 32-41 33000208-10 2020 In addition, the rate of apoptosis and caspase-3 expression levels were significantly lower in the high-dose dexmedetomidine group compared with the low-dose dexmedetomidine group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 109-124 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 39-48 33000208-11 2020 The results suggested that the addition of dexmedetomidine to ropivacaine for sciatic nerve block in rats not only prolonged the duration of sensory and motor block of the sciatic nerve, but also markedly alleviated ropivacaine-induced neurotoxicity by decreasing caspase-3-dependent sciatic nerve cell apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 43-58 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 264-273 32707303-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine ameliorates renal ischemia reperfusion-mediated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in alveolar macrophages. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 82-87 32890758-10 2020 Pharmacological stimulation of alpha2-adrenergic receptors via dexmedetomidine (0.01 mg/kg) decreased the preference of probabilistic rewards in the risk-prefer group, while blocking alpha2 receptors by atipamezole (0.3 mg/kg) also reduced risky choices. Dexmedetomidine 63-78 UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C Rattus norvegicus 31-37 33154198-5 2020 After a single propofol exposure to P7 rats, DEX pretreatment effectively rescued the profound apoptosis seen in hippocampal neurocytes, and strongly reversed the aberrant expression levels of Bcl2-like 1 (BCL2L1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and cleaved caspase 3 (CC3), and sharply enhanced synaptic plasticity. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 Bcl2-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 193-204 33154198-5 2020 After a single propofol exposure to P7 rats, DEX pretreatment effectively rescued the profound apoptosis seen in hippocampal neurocytes, and strongly reversed the aberrant expression levels of Bcl2-like 1 (BCL2L1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and cleaved caspase 3 (CC3), and sharply enhanced synaptic plasticity. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 Bcl2-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 206-212 33154198-5 2020 After a single propofol exposure to P7 rats, DEX pretreatment effectively rescued the profound apoptosis seen in hippocampal neurocytes, and strongly reversed the aberrant expression levels of Bcl2-like 1 (BCL2L1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and cleaved caspase 3 (CC3), and sharply enhanced synaptic plasticity. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 215-240 33154198-5 2020 After a single propofol exposure to P7 rats, DEX pretreatment effectively rescued the profound apoptosis seen in hippocampal neurocytes, and strongly reversed the aberrant expression levels of Bcl2-like 1 (BCL2L1), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) and cleaved caspase 3 (CC3), and sharply enhanced synaptic plasticity. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 242-247 33154198-9 2020 DEX was shown to ameliorate the rodent developmental neurotoxicity caused by a single neonatal propofol challenge, by altering MMP-9, BCL2L1 and CC3 apoptotic signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 127-132 33154198-9 2020 DEX was shown to ameliorate the rodent developmental neurotoxicity caused by a single neonatal propofol challenge, by altering MMP-9, BCL2L1 and CC3 apoptotic signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 Bcl2-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-140 33194004-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting p75NTR-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16) Mus musculus 88-94 33194004-11 2020 The expression of p75NTR was increased in kidney tissues of mice with AKI but decreased after treatment with DEX. Dexmedetomidine 109-112 nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16) Mus musculus 18-24 33194004-12 2020 In cultured human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2 cells), DEX inhibited LPS-induced apoptosis and generation of ROS, but this was reversed by overexpression of p75NTR. Dexmedetomidine 67-70 nerve growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 169-175 33194004-13 2020 Furthermore, pretreatment with DEX significantly downregulated phosphorylation of JNK and p38MAPK in LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells, and this effect was abolished by overexpression of p75NTR. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 82-85 33194004-13 2020 Furthermore, pretreatment with DEX significantly downregulated phosphorylation of JNK and p38MAPK in LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells, and this effect was abolished by overexpression of p75NTR. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 90-97 33194004-13 2020 Furthermore, pretreatment with DEX significantly downregulated phosphorylation of JNK and p38MAPK in LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells, and this effect was abolished by overexpression of p75NTR. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 nerve growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 179-185 33194004-15 2020 DEX ameliorated AKI in mice with sepsis by partially reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis through regulation of p75NTR/p38MAPK/JNK signaling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16) Mus musculus 115-121 33194004-15 2020 DEX ameliorated AKI in mice with sepsis by partially reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis through regulation of p75NTR/p38MAPK/JNK signaling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 122-129 33194004-15 2020 DEX ameliorated AKI in mice with sepsis by partially reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis through regulation of p75NTR/p38MAPK/JNK signaling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 130-133 33118274-1 2021 Dexmedetomidine, an alpha2 -agonist, is used in the PICU for its sedative properties as it minimally affects respiratory status. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 20-26 32707303-10 2020 DEX also abolished the rI/R-mediated decrease in the activity of GSH and increased the levels of the rI/R-related NADPH oxidase protein NOX-4. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 136-141 32707303-12 2020 Our study showed that DEX inhibits rI/R-mediated levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome proteins ASC, NLRP3, HMGB1 and p20, and ameliorates rI/R-mediated AMPK signaling inactivation. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 63-68 32707303-12 2020 Our study showed that DEX inhibits rI/R-mediated levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome proteins ASC, NLRP3, HMGB1 and p20, and ameliorates rI/R-mediated AMPK signaling inactivation. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 PYD and CARD domain containing Rattus norvegicus 91-94 32798558-9 2020 Results from rats demonstrated that treatment with Dex reversed the increased inflammatory cells in lung and the increased levels of TNF-alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-beta), MCP-1 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) resulted from non-ventilation; Dex increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in BALF from non-ventilated lung. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 133-142 32707303-12 2020 Our study showed that DEX inhibits rI/R-mediated levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome proteins ASC, NLRP3, HMGB1 and p20, and ameliorates rI/R-mediated AMPK signaling inactivation. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 96-101 32798558-9 2020 Results from rats demonstrated that treatment with Dex reversed the increased inflammatory cells in lung and the increased levels of TNF-alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-beta), MCP-1 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) resulted from non-ventilation; Dex increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in BALF from non-ventilated lung. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 144-161 32798558-9 2020 Results from rats demonstrated that treatment with Dex reversed the increased inflammatory cells in lung and the increased levels of TNF-alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-beta), MCP-1 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) resulted from non-ventilation; Dex increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in BALF from non-ventilated lung. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 173-178 32707303-12 2020 Our study showed that DEX inhibits rI/R-mediated levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome proteins ASC, NLRP3, HMGB1 and p20, and ameliorates rI/R-mediated AMPK signaling inactivation. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 103-108 32707303-12 2020 Our study showed that DEX inhibits rI/R-mediated levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome proteins ASC, NLRP3, HMGB1 and p20, and ameliorates rI/R-mediated AMPK signaling inactivation. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 heat shock protein family B (small) member 6 Rattus norvegicus 113-116 32798558-9 2020 Results from rats demonstrated that treatment with Dex reversed the increased inflammatory cells in lung and the increased levels of TNF-alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-beta), MCP-1 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) resulted from non-ventilation; Dex increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in BALF from non-ventilated lung. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Rattus norvegicus 217-222 32798558-9 2020 Results from rats demonstrated that treatment with Dex reversed the increased inflammatory cells in lung and the increased levels of TNF-alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-beta), MCP-1 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) resulted from non-ventilation; Dex increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in BALF from non-ventilated lung. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 300-314 32707303-12 2020 Our study showed that DEX inhibits rI/R-mediated levels of the NLRP3 inflammasome proteins ASC, NLRP3, HMGB1 and p20, and ameliorates rI/R-mediated AMPK signaling inactivation. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 148-152 32798558-9 2020 Results from rats demonstrated that treatment with Dex reversed the increased inflammatory cells in lung and the increased levels of TNF-alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-beta), MCP-1 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) resulted from non-ventilation; Dex increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in BALF from non-ventilated lung. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 316-321 32707303-13 2020 Therefore, DEX reduces the levels of two mediators that are activated by the NLRP3 inflammasome: IL-18 and IL-1beta. Dexmedetomidine 11-14 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 77-82 32707303-13 2020 Therefore, DEX reduces the levels of two mediators that are activated by the NLRP3 inflammasome: IL-18 and IL-1beta. Dexmedetomidine 11-14 interleukin 18 Rattus norvegicus 97-102 32707303-13 2020 Therefore, DEX reduces the levels of two mediators that are activated by the NLRP3 inflammasome: IL-18 and IL-1beta. Dexmedetomidine 11-14 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 107-115 32707303-14 2020 Finally, our study established that DEX mitigates the rI/R-mediated decrease in eNOS, demonstrating its protective functions against AMs activation. Dexmedetomidine 36-39 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 80-84 32707303-15 2020 In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the protective action of DEX in AMs is induced through amelioration of HMGB1-NLRP3 inflammasome-AMPK signaling. Dexmedetomidine 68-71 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 114-119 32707303-15 2020 In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the protective action of DEX in AMs is induced through amelioration of HMGB1-NLRP3 inflammasome-AMPK signaling. Dexmedetomidine 68-71 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 120-125 32707303-15 2020 In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the protective action of DEX in AMs is induced through amelioration of HMGB1-NLRP3 inflammasome-AMPK signaling. Dexmedetomidine 68-71 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 139-143 33633422-5 2020 Dexmedetomidine is an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist used as additive for regional nerve block. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 22-29 33060552-1 2022 Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an alpha2-adrenergic agonist, has been widely used for anesthesia, pain control, and intensive care unit sedation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 26-32 33060552-1 2022 Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an alpha2-adrenergic agonist, has been widely used for anesthesia, pain control, and intensive care unit sedation. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 26-32 32798558-8 2020 KEY FINDINGS: Results from humans showed that anesthesia with Dex decreased the number of both CD68 positive cells and CD86 positive cells and down-regulated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in human lung. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 CD68 molecule Homo sapiens 95-99 32798558-8 2020 KEY FINDINGS: Results from humans showed that anesthesia with Dex decreased the number of both CD68 positive cells and CD86 positive cells and down-regulated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in human lung. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 CD86 molecule Homo sapiens 119-123 32798558-8 2020 KEY FINDINGS: Results from humans showed that anesthesia with Dex decreased the number of both CD68 positive cells and CD86 positive cells and down-regulated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in human lung. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 194-221 32798558-8 2020 KEY FINDINGS: Results from humans showed that anesthesia with Dex decreased the number of both CD68 positive cells and CD86 positive cells and down-regulated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in human lung. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 223-232 32798558-8 2020 KEY FINDINGS: Results from humans showed that anesthesia with Dex decreased the number of both CD68 positive cells and CD86 positive cells and down-regulated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in human lung. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 238-268 32798558-8 2020 KEY FINDINGS: Results from humans showed that anesthesia with Dex decreased the number of both CD68 positive cells and CD86 positive cells and down-regulated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in human lung. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 270-275 33072186-1 2020 Background: Dexmedetomidine, an alpha2 agonist, has well-known anesthetic and analgesic-sparing effects. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 32-38 33116411-11 2020 Additionally, DEX effectively attenuated ERS defined as increased expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 80-85 33116411-11 2020 Additionally, DEX effectively attenuated ERS defined as increased expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 87-91 32839029-11 2020 IMPLICATIONS: Patients essential hypertension and the ACE D allele had a strong hemodynamic response to tracheal extubation, on which dexmedetomidine was found to have both a prevention and treatment effect. Dexmedetomidine 134-149 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 54-57 33116411-11 2020 Additionally, DEX effectively attenuated ERS defined as increased expression of GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 caspase 12 Rattus norvegicus 96-106 33117159-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Mediates Neuroglobin Up-Regulation and Alleviates the Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury by Inhibiting Neuronal Apoptosis in Developing Rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 neuroglobin Rattus norvegicus 25-36 33117159-7 2020 Results: The expression of Ngb was increased following H/R model establishment and up-regulated by medium and high doses of DEX, but not up-regulated by low doses of DEX. Dexmedetomidine 124-127 neuroglobin Rattus norvegicus 27-30 33117159-9 2020 Besides, medium and high doses of DEX down-regulated cytosolic Cyt-c, Apaf-1, and caspase-3 in H/R injury model. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-76 33117159-9 2020 Besides, medium and high doses of DEX down-regulated cytosolic Cyt-c, Apaf-1, and caspase-3 in H/R injury model. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 82-91 33117159-12 2020 Conclusions: DEX induced Ngb expression in H/R rat models. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 neuroglobin Rattus norvegicus 25-28 33117159-13 2020 The neuroprotection of DEX-mediated Ngb up-regulation may be achieved by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Dexmedetomidine 23-26 neuroglobin Rattus norvegicus 36-39 32990204-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine, a highly selective alpha2 agonist, has been shown to prevent emergence delirium in the perioperative setting; however, recommendations for best practice regarding use of this medication are not widely available. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 36-42 33083465-9 2020 Antithrombin III activity and body temperature 10 minutes after tourniquet release were significantly lower in the DEX group than in the CON group. Dexmedetomidine 115-118 serpin family C member 1 Homo sapiens 0-16 33083468-10 2020 Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine can reduce the level of plasma IL-8 and upregulate the expression of AQP1 in the lung tissue of patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery under one-lung ventilation, but it has no significant effect on the incidence of postoperative PPCs. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 59-63 33083468-10 2020 Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine can reduce the level of plasma IL-8 and upregulate the expression of AQP1 in the lung tissue of patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery under one-lung ventilation, but it has no significant effect on the incidence of postoperative PPCs. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group) Homo sapiens 97-101 32822215-5 2020 Intra-arterial infusion of phenylephrine (alpha1-agonist) and dexmedetomidine (alpha2-agonist) were used to induce vasoconstriction: ((FVCwith drug-FVCpre-drug)/FVCpre-drugx100%). Dexmedetomidine 62-77 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 79-85 33437074-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine nebulisation attenuates post-operative sore throat in patients undergoing thyroidectomy: A randomised, double-blind, comparative study with nebulised ketamine. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 solute carrier family 35 member G1 Homo sapiens 40-44 32394288-7 2020 We found dexmedetomidine reduced LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-alpha production and increase Arg1 in primary microglia. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 45-49 32394288-7 2020 We found dexmedetomidine reduced LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-alpha production and increase Arg1 in primary microglia. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 54-63 32394288-0 2020 CD200R Is Involved in the Anti-inflammatory Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Microglia. Dexmedetomidine 54-69 CD200 receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 32394288-3 2020 We explore the hypothesis that CD200R is related to the anti-inflammatory effect of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 84-99 CD200 receptor 1 Homo sapiens 31-37 33437074-13 2020 Conclusion: Pre-operative dexmedetomidine nebulisation can be utilised as a safe and ideal alternative to ketamine nebulisation in attenuating POST, with less haemodynamic derangement. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 solute carrier family 35 member G1 Homo sapiens 143-147 32394288-7 2020 We found dexmedetomidine reduced LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-alpha production and increase Arg1 in primary microglia. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 arginase 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 33437074-2 2020 This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of nebulised dexmedetomidine and ketamine in decreasing POST in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. Dexmedetomidine 75-90 solute carrier family 35 member G1 Homo sapiens 118-122 32394288-8 2020 CD200R expression was downregulated by LPS and dexmedetomidine can attenuate the effect of LPS. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 CD200 receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 32394288-9 2020 Our results showed that CD200R may be related to the anti-inflammatory effect of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 81-96 CD200 receptor 1 Homo sapiens 24-30 33437074-9 2020 Results: The overall incidence of POST in this study was 17%: POST was experienced by seven patients (14.3%) in ketamine and 10 patients (20.4%) in dexmedetomidine group (P = 0.424). Dexmedetomidine 148-163 solute carrier family 35 member G1 Homo sapiens 62-66 33044702-1 2020 Dexmedetomidine, a class of alpha2-adrenergic agonist, was reported to exert a neuroprotective effect on sevoflurane-induced neurotoxicity. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C Rattus norvegicus 28-34 33841540-5 2020 In addition to being the state-of-the-art treatment including volume load and vasopressor, use of alpha-2 agonists e.g. dexmedetomidine (DXM) in septic shock can reduce vasopressors needed to restore adequate blood pressure. Dexmedetomidine 120-135 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 98-105 33841540-5 2020 In addition to being the state-of-the-art treatment including volume load and vasopressor, use of alpha-2 agonists e.g. dexmedetomidine (DXM) in septic shock can reduce vasopressors needed to restore adequate blood pressure. Dexmedetomidine 137-140 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 98-105 32945482-0 2020 Protective effects of dexmedetomidine on hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in cardiomyocytes by regulating the CHOP signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 22-37 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 106-110 32945482-2 2020 The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on H/R injury and its association with the C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 65-80 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 130-154 32945482-2 2020 The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on H/R injury and its association with the C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 65-80 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 156-160 32945482-2 2020 The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on H/R injury and its association with the C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 82-85 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 130-154 32945482-2 2020 The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on H/R injury and its association with the C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 82-85 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 156-160 32945482-9 2020 Additionally, pretreatment with Dex significantly alleviated the H/R injury; thus, Dex may protect H9C2 cells against H/R induced cell injury, possibly by suppressing the CHOP signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 171-175 32945482-9 2020 Additionally, pretreatment with Dex significantly alleviated the H/R injury; thus, Dex may protect H9C2 cells against H/R induced cell injury, possibly by suppressing the CHOP signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 83-86 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 171-175 33305726-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine suppresses oxidative stress and inflammation of nucleus pulposus cells by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 110-113 33305726-6 2020 The effect of DEX on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was determined by studying the effects of DEX on PI3K/ Akt signaling pathway-related molecules and the effect of LY294002 on NP cells degeneration. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 30-33 33305726-6 2020 The effect of DEX on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was determined by studying the effects of DEX on PI3K/ Akt signaling pathway-related molecules and the effect of LY294002 on NP cells degeneration. Dexmedetomidine 94-97 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 30-33 33305726-6 2020 The effect of DEX on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was determined by studying the effects of DEX on PI3K/ Akt signaling pathway-related molecules and the effect of LY294002 on NP cells degeneration. Dexmedetomidine 94-97 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 107-110 33305726-8 2020 Results: DEX significantly inhibited the expression of MMP3/9 in NP cells, effectively inhibiting the degradation of extracellular matrix. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 matrix metallopeptidase 3 Mus musculus 55-61 33305726-10 2020 The expression of PI3K, Akt and p-Akt was significantly increased in DEX-stimulated NP cells, indicating that DEX increased the activity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 69-72 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 24-27 33305726-10 2020 The expression of PI3K, Akt and p-Akt was significantly increased in DEX-stimulated NP cells, indicating that DEX increased the activity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 69-72 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 34-37 33305726-10 2020 The expression of PI3K, Akt and p-Akt was significantly increased in DEX-stimulated NP cells, indicating that DEX increased the activity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 69-72 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 34-37 33305726-10 2020 The expression of PI3K, Akt and p-Akt was significantly increased in DEX-stimulated NP cells, indicating that DEX increased the activity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 110-113 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 24-27 33305726-10 2020 The expression of PI3K, Akt and p-Akt was significantly increased in DEX-stimulated NP cells, indicating that DEX increased the activity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 110-113 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 34-37 33305726-10 2020 The expression of PI3K, Akt and p-Akt was significantly increased in DEX-stimulated NP cells, indicating that DEX increased the activity of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 110-113 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 34-37 33305726-11 2020 DEX promotes PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, inhibits oxidative stress and inflammatory of NP cells, thereby slowing the degeneration of NP cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 18-21 33305726-12 2020 Conclusion: DEX promotes PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, inhibits oxidative stress and inflammatory of NP cells, thereby slowing the degeneration of NP cells. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 30-33 33044702-13 2020 In mechanism, dexmedetomidine activated mitophagy to mitigate neurotoxicity by enhancing LC3II/LC3I ratio, HSP60, Beclin-1, CypD, VDAC1 and Tom20 protein levels in hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha Rattus norvegicus 89-99 33044702-13 2020 In mechanism, dexmedetomidine activated mitophagy to mitigate neurotoxicity by enhancing LC3II/LC3I ratio, HSP60, Beclin-1, CypD, VDAC1 and Tom20 protein levels in hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1 Rattus norvegicus 107-112 33044702-13 2020 In mechanism, dexmedetomidine activated mitophagy to mitigate neurotoxicity by enhancing LC3II/LC3I ratio, HSP60, Beclin-1, CypD, VDAC1 and Tom20 protein levels in hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 beclin 1 Rattus norvegicus 114-122 33044702-13 2020 In mechanism, dexmedetomidine activated mitophagy to mitigate neurotoxicity by enhancing LC3II/LC3I ratio, HSP60, Beclin-1, CypD, VDAC1 and Tom20 protein levels in hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 peptidylprolyl isomerase F Rattus norvegicus 124-128 33044702-13 2020 In mechanism, dexmedetomidine activated mitophagy to mitigate neurotoxicity by enhancing LC3II/LC3I ratio, HSP60, Beclin-1, CypD, VDAC1 and Tom20 protein levels in hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 voltage-dependent anion channel 1 Rattus norvegicus 130-135 32975624-14 2021 Additionally, SSNB and ANB with DEX tended to result in a later mean timing of rebound pain accompanied by significant changes in IL-8, IL-1beta, and serotonin levels within 48 h after the operation. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 130-134 32607919-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Alleviates CCI-Induced Neuropathic Pain via Inhibiting HMGB1-Mediated Astrocyte Activation and the TLR4/NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway in Rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 71-76 32607919-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Alleviates CCI-Induced Neuropathic Pain via Inhibiting HMGB1-Mediated Astrocyte Activation and the TLR4/NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway in Rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 115-119 32607919-6 2020 To verify whether dexmedetomidine alleviates CCI-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting HMGB1-mediated astrocyte activation and the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway, the rats were further treated with an HMGB1 activator or antagonist. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 88-93 32607919-6 2020 To verify whether dexmedetomidine alleviates CCI-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting HMGB1-mediated astrocyte activation and the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway, the rats were further treated with an HMGB1 activator or antagonist. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 132-136 32607919-6 2020 To verify whether dexmedetomidine alleviates CCI-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting HMGB1-mediated astrocyte activation and the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway, the rats were further treated with an HMGB1 activator or antagonist. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 204-209 32607919-9 2020 In addition, a further study showed that an HMGB1 activator can reverse the inhibition of neuropathic pain behaviors of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 120-135 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 44-49 32607919-11 2020 These results indicated that dexmedetomidine can alleviate neuropathic pain in CCI rats by inhibiting HMGB1-mediated astrocyte activation and the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 29-44 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 102-107 32607919-11 2020 These results indicated that dexmedetomidine can alleviate neuropathic pain in CCI rats by inhibiting HMGB1-mediated astrocyte activation and the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 29-44 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 146-150 32975624-14 2021 Additionally, SSNB and ANB with DEX tended to result in a later mean timing of rebound pain accompanied by significant changes in IL-8, IL-1beta, and serotonin levels within 48 h after the operation. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 136-144 32522627-1 2020 The alpha2-adrenergic receptor (alpha2-AR) agonist dexmedetomidine increases baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Dexmedetomidine 51-66 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 32-41 32522627-10 2020 Western blot analysis showed alpha2-AR up-regulation by 100-mug/kg dexmedetomidine, which can be prevented by DPCPX. Dexmedetomidine 67-82 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 29-38 32522627-12 2020 These results suggest that dexmedetomidine enhances baroreflex sensitivity, possibly by increasing adenosine in NTS and alpha2-AR expression in astrocytes. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 120-129 32984835-10 2020 Dexmedetomidine, a centrally acting alpha-2 agonist, may alter hypothalamic temperature regulation through disturbances in neurotransmitter expression and metabolism. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 36-43 33029092-14 2020 The activation of p38 and NF-kappaB was suppressed by dexmedetomidine pretreatment in LPS-treated WISH cells. Dexmedetomidine 54-69 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 18-21 33029088-0 2020 An alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist: Dexmedetomidine induces protective cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through mitochondrial-AMPK pathway. Dexmedetomidine 32-47 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 115-119 33029092-14 2020 The activation of p38 and NF-kappaB was suppressed by dexmedetomidine pretreatment in LPS-treated WISH cells. Dexmedetomidine 54-69 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 26-35 33029088-3 2020 Results: We reported that Dex induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with activated ERK, AKT, PKC and inactivated AMPK in both wild-type mice and primary cultured rat cardiomyocytes. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 79-82 33029092-14 2020 The activation of p38 and NF-kappaB was suppressed by dexmedetomidine pretreatment in LPS-treated WISH cells. Dexmedetomidine 54-69 NCK interacting protein with SH3 domain Homo sapiens 98-102 33029088-3 2020 Results: We reported that Dex induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with activated ERK, AKT, PKC and inactivated AMPK in both wild-type mice and primary cultured rat cardiomyocytes. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 84-87 33029088-3 2020 Results: We reported that Dex induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with activated ERK, AKT, PKC and inactivated AMPK in both wild-type mice and primary cultured rat cardiomyocytes. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 109-113 33029088-5 2020 We found that Dex up-regulates the activation of ERK, AKT, and PKC via suppression of AMPK activation in rat cardiomyocytes. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 49-52 33029088-5 2020 We found that Dex up-regulates the activation of ERK, AKT, and PKC via suppression of AMPK activation in rat cardiomyocytes. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-57 33029092-16 2020 In addition, this study suggests that anti-inflammatory effect of dexmedetomidine on WISH cells was mediated by the inhibitions of p38 and NF-kappaB activation. Dexmedetomidine 66-81 NCK interacting protein with SH3 domain Homo sapiens 85-89 33029088-5 2020 We found that Dex up-regulates the activation of ERK, AKT, and PKC via suppression of AMPK activation in rat cardiomyocytes. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 86-90 33029092-16 2020 In addition, this study suggests that anti-inflammatory effect of dexmedetomidine on WISH cells was mediated by the inhibitions of p38 and NF-kappaB activation. Dexmedetomidine 66-81 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 131-134 33029088-6 2020 However, suppression of mitochondrial coupling efficiency and membrane potential by FCCP blocks Dex induced AMPK inactivation as well as ERK, AKT, and PKC activation. Dexmedetomidine 96-99 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 108-112 33029092-16 2020 In addition, this study suggests that anti-inflammatory effect of dexmedetomidine on WISH cells was mediated by the inhibitions of p38 and NF-kappaB activation. Dexmedetomidine 66-81 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 139-148 33029088-8 2020 Conclusion: The present study demonstrates Dex preconditioning induces cardiac hypertrophy that protects against heart failure through mitochondria-AMPK pathway in perioperative settings. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 148-152 32967514-8 2020 Detection of plasma S-100beta and NSE proteins revealed a significant decrease in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the midazolam group. Dexmedetomidine 86-101 S100 calcium binding protein A1 Homo sapiens 20-29 33029092-0 2020 Anti-inflammatory effects of dexmedetomidine on human amnion-derived WISH cells. Dexmedetomidine 29-44 NCK interacting protein with SH3 domain Homo sapiens 69-73 33029092-4 2020 In this study, we examined the influence of dexmedetomidine on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human amnion-derived WISH cells. Dexmedetomidine 44-59 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 81-97 33029092-4 2020 In this study, we examined the influence of dexmedetomidine on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human amnion-derived WISH cells. Dexmedetomidine 44-59 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 99-104 33029092-5 2020 In addition, we evaluated the association of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathway in anti-inflammatory effect of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 163-178 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 89-111 33029092-5 2020 In addition, we evaluated the association of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathway in anti-inflammatory effect of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 163-178 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 113-122 33029092-12 2020 The mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2 and PGE2 were decreased by dexmedetomidine pretreatment in LPS-treated WISH cells. Dexmedetomidine 69-84 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 36-41 33029092-12 2020 The mRNA and protein expressions of COX-2 and PGE2 were decreased by dexmedetomidine pretreatment in LPS-treated WISH cells. Dexmedetomidine 69-84 NCK interacting protein with SH3 domain Homo sapiens 113-117 33029092-13 2020 Dexmedetomidine also attenuated the LPS-induced mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 67-76 33029092-13 2020 Dexmedetomidine also attenuated the LPS-induced mRNA expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 81-89 32963704-12 2020 However, the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha, and ICAM-1 in the DEX group were lower than those in the Con group after surgery (T2 to T4; P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 71-74 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 36-40 32963704-12 2020 However, the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha, and ICAM-1 in the DEX group were lower than those in the Con group after surgery (T2 to T4; P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 71-74 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 42-51 32963704-12 2020 However, the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha, and ICAM-1 in the DEX group were lower than those in the Con group after surgery (T2 to T4; P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 71-74 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 57-63 32787359-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine attenuates ventilator-induced lung injury in rats by up-regulating NLRC3. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, CARD domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 83-88 32787359-10 2020 CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that NLRC3 is involved in the VILI of rats, and dexmedetomidine can attenuate the VILI in rats by up-regulating the expression level of NLRC3. Dexmedetomidine 85-100 NLR family, CARD domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 173-178 32228195-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine protects against lidocaine-induced neurotoxicity through SIRT1 downregulation-mediated activation of FOXO3a. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-78 32228195-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine protects against lidocaine-induced neurotoxicity through SIRT1 downregulation-mediated activation of FOXO3a. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 forkhead box O3 Rattus norvegicus 117-123 32228195-4 2020 In the present study, we designed in vitro and in vivo models to investigate the potential effects of lidocaine and DEX on SIRT1 and FOXO3a and to verify whether SIRT1/FOXO3a-mediated regulation of apoptosis is involved in DEX-induced neuroprotective effects against lidocaine. Dexmedetomidine 223-226 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 162-167 32228195-8 2020 DEX significantly inhibited the lidocaine-induced decrease of SIRT1 protein level and increase of FOXO3a protein level and acetylation of FOXO3a. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 62-67 32228195-8 2020 DEX significantly inhibited the lidocaine-induced decrease of SIRT1 protein level and increase of FOXO3a protein level and acetylation of FOXO3a. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 forkhead box O3 Rattus norvegicus 98-104 32228195-8 2020 DEX significantly inhibited the lidocaine-induced decrease of SIRT1 protein level and increase of FOXO3a protein level and acetylation of FOXO3a. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 forkhead box O3 Rattus norvegicus 138-144 32228195-9 2020 Downregulation of SIRT1 or upregulation of FOXO3a suppressed DEX-induced neuroprotective effects against lidocaine. Dexmedetomidine 61-64 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 18-23 32228195-9 2020 Downregulation of SIRT1 or upregulation of FOXO3a suppressed DEX-induced neuroprotective effects against lidocaine. Dexmedetomidine 61-64 forkhead box O3 Rattus norvegicus 43-49 32228195-10 2020 The data suggest that SIRT1/FOXO3a is a potential novel target for alleviating lidocaine-induced neurotoxicity and provide more theoretical support for the use of DEX as an effective adjunct to alleviate chronic neurotoxicity induced by lidocaine. Dexmedetomidine 163-166 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 22-27 32228195-10 2020 The data suggest that SIRT1/FOXO3a is a potential novel target for alleviating lidocaine-induced neurotoxicity and provide more theoretical support for the use of DEX as an effective adjunct to alleviate chronic neurotoxicity induced by lidocaine. Dexmedetomidine 163-166 forkhead box O3 Rattus norvegicus 28-34 32706450-0 2020 Analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine in rats after chronic constriction injury by mediating microRNA-101 expression and the E2F2/TLR4/NF-kappaB axis. Dexmedetomidine 20-35 E2F transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 123-127 32706450-0 2020 Analgesic effect of dexmedetomidine in rats after chronic constriction injury by mediating microRNA-101 expression and the E2F2/TLR4/NF-kappaB axis. Dexmedetomidine 20-35 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 128-132 32706450-4 2020 Dex attenuates inflammation and apoptosis and the stimulation of the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling in rat spinal cord via miR-101 overexpression and E2F2 downregulation. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 69-73 32706450-4 2020 Dex attenuates inflammation and apoptosis and the stimulation of the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling in rat spinal cord via miR-101 overexpression and E2F2 downregulation. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 E2F transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 144-148 32706450-6 2020 Our study here explored the functional effect of Dex on microRNA (miR)-101-regulated E2 promoter binding factor 1 (E2F1) with the engagement of the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling. Dexmedetomidine 49-52 E2F transcription factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 115-119 32706450-6 2020 Our study here explored the functional effect of Dex on microRNA (miR)-101-regulated E2 promoter binding factor 1 (E2F1) with the engagement of the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling. Dexmedetomidine 49-52 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 148-152 32706450-11 2020 Meanwhile, the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-8 was increased in CCI rats, but these trends were reversed by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 147-150 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 29-47 32706450-11 2020 Meanwhile, the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-8 was increased in CCI rats, but these trends were reversed by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 147-150 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 49-76 32706450-12 2020 In addition, Dex repressed Caspase-9 expression and apoptotic cell numbers in spinal cord tissues in CCI rats. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 27-36 32706450-13 2020 Moreover, the expression of E2F2 was significantly increased, while miR-101 was diminished in CCI rats, which was reverted by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 126-129 E2F transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 32706450-14 2020 Furthermore, miR-101 inhibitor, E2F2 restoration or administration of a TLR4-specific agonist weakened the effect of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 117-120 E2F transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 32706450-14 2020 Furthermore, miR-101 inhibitor, E2F2 restoration or administration of a TLR4-specific agonist weakened the effect of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 117-120 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 72-76 32706450-15 2020 Together, these results suggest that Dex has the capacity to ameliorate NPP by regulating the miR-101/E2F2/TLR4/NF-kappaB axis in CCI rat. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 E2F transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 102-106 32706450-15 2020 Together, these results suggest that Dex has the capacity to ameliorate NPP by regulating the miR-101/E2F2/TLR4/NF-kappaB axis in CCI rat. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 107-111 32679539-15 2020 CONCLUSION: DEX could ameliorate MIR injury (MIRI) and H/R injury in rats and inhibit H/R induced pyroptosis in myocardial cells via down-regulating miR-29b to activate FoxO3a/ARC axis. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 forkhead box O3 Rattus norvegicus 169-175 32801534-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, has both sedative and analgesic properties with minimal cardiorespiratory effects and has been used primarily for its sedative properties in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 20-27 32967514-8 2020 Detection of plasma S-100beta and NSE proteins revealed a significant decrease in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the midazolam group. Dexmedetomidine 86-101 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 34-37 32627922-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine ameliorates postoperative cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in aged mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 78-98 32627922-5 2020 Pretreatment of DEX may attenuate neuroinflammation and improve POCD in aged mice through inhibiting the TLR4-NF-kappaB signaling pathway in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 16-19 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 105-109 32627922-5 2020 Pretreatment of DEX may attenuate neuroinflammation and improve POCD in aged mice through inhibiting the TLR4-NF-kappaB signaling pathway in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 16-19 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 110-119 32705267-2 2020 The present study aimed to explore the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in blunt chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock-resuscitation (THSR)-induced ALI by mediating nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation in rats. Dexmedetomidine 78-81 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 275-280 32705267-10 2020 The present study demonstrated that by reducing inflammatory responses, Dex exerted protective effects against THSR-ALI in rats, potentially via the inhibition of NLRP3 signaling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 72-75 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 163-168 32705282-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury via regulation of the p38/HO-1 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 79-82 32705282-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine alleviates LPS-induced acute lung injury via regulation of the p38/HO-1 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 83-87 32705282-6 2020 Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of the p38/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling pathways in the pathological mechanisms of Dex in ALI. Dexmedetomidine 145-148 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 64-84 32705282-6 2020 Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of the p38/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) signaling pathways in the pathological mechanisms of Dex in ALI. Dexmedetomidine 145-148 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 86-90 32705282-10 2020 It was demonstrated that Dex administration significantly alleviated LPS-induced ALI, downregulated the secretion of IL-1beta, decreased the expression of NLRP3, inhibited the phospho-activation of p38 and increased HO-1 expression. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 117-125 32705282-10 2020 It was demonstrated that Dex administration significantly alleviated LPS-induced ALI, downregulated the secretion of IL-1beta, decreased the expression of NLRP3, inhibited the phospho-activation of p38 and increased HO-1 expression. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 155-160 32705282-10 2020 It was demonstrated that Dex administration significantly alleviated LPS-induced ALI, downregulated the secretion of IL-1beta, decreased the expression of NLRP3, inhibited the phospho-activation of p38 and increased HO-1 expression. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 198-201 32705282-10 2020 It was demonstrated that Dex administration significantly alleviated LPS-induced ALI, downregulated the secretion of IL-1beta, decreased the expression of NLRP3, inhibited the phospho-activation of p38 and increased HO-1 expression. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 216-220 32705282-11 2020 In addition, pharmacological inhibition of p38 using the inhibitor SB20380 further enhanced the effect of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 106-109 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 43-46 32705282-12 2020 Collectively, these preliminarily results identified the effects of Dex intervention on the pathogenesis of ALI via the regulation of p38/HO-1 signaling pathways, which impacted the inflammatory effects, thus providing a theoretical basis and novel evidence for the development of new targets for clinical treatment of ALI. Dexmedetomidine 68-71 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 134-137 32705282-12 2020 Collectively, these preliminarily results identified the effects of Dex intervention on the pathogenesis of ALI via the regulation of p38/HO-1 signaling pathways, which impacted the inflammatory effects, thus providing a theoretical basis and novel evidence for the development of new targets for clinical treatment of ALI. Dexmedetomidine 68-71 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 138-142 32573483-3 2020 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a selective and potent alpha2-adrenergic receptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, with unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 76-85 32569795-9 2020 In the comparison of rCPS in dexmedetomidine-sedated fragile X participants (n = 9) and healthy controls (n = 14) we found no statistically significant differences. Dexmedetomidine 29-44 carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 21-25 32705267-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine alleviates blunt chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock-resuscitation-induced acute lung injury through inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 131-136 32705267-2 2020 The present study aimed to explore the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in blunt chest trauma and hemorrhagic shock-resuscitation (THSR)-induced ALI by mediating nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation in rats. Dexmedetomidine 61-76 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 275-280 32573483-3 2020 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a selective and potent alpha2-adrenergic receptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, with unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 76-85 32778146-2 2020 We explored the effects of administering dexmedetomidine on the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin, and thus on inflammation, in patients with sepsis enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. Dexmedetomidine 41-56 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 74-92 32819417-3 2020 The use of alpha-2-agonists such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine in newborn infants is more recent, and they might be prescribed to reduce the total amount of opioids which are thought to have more side effects. Dexmedetomidine 50-65 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 11-18 32778146-2 2020 We explored the effects of administering dexmedetomidine on the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin, and thus on inflammation, in patients with sepsis enrolled in a randomized clinical trial. Dexmedetomidine 41-56 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 94-97 32149756-5 2020 METHODS: The effect of anesthetics isoflurane, sevoflurane, propofol, and dexmedetomidine on TLR2 activation was examined by reporter assays. Dexmedetomidine 74-89 toll like receptor 2 Homo sapiens 93-97 32953840-0 2020 Erratum to dexmedetomidine promotes breast cancer cell migration through Rab11-mediated secretion of exosomal TMPRSS2. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family Homo sapiens 73-78 32953840-0 2020 Erratum to dexmedetomidine promotes breast cancer cell migration through Rab11-mediated secretion of exosomal TMPRSS2. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 transmembrane serine protease 2 Homo sapiens 110-117 32701250-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine suppresses the progression of esophageal cancer via miR-143-3p/epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 79-111 32701250-12 2020 DEX inhibited the growth of tumor via miR-143-3p/EPS8 in vivo. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 Homo sapiens 49-53 32701250-13 2020 DEX suppressed the growth and metastasis while facilitated the apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells through upregulating the abundance of miR-143-3p and reducing the level of EPS8 in vivo and in vitro, providing promising target for the treatment of esophageal cancer. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 Homo sapiens 175-179 32446114-13 2020 In addition, DEX upregulated VEGF expression, promoted angiogenesis, and increased blood perfusion. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 29-33 32347647-10 2020 Premedication of dexmedetomidine was associated with significant less value of SBP, heart rate, increased incidence of bradycardia, and a lower rate of shivering. Dexmedetomidine 17-32 selenium binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 79-82 32862381-0 2020 Neuroprotective Effects of Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning on Oxygen-glucose Deprivation-reoxygenation Injury in PC12 Cells via Regulation of Ca2+-STIM1/Orai1 Signaling. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 stromal interaction molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 147-152 32862381-0 2020 Neuroprotective Effects of Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning on Oxygen-glucose Deprivation-reoxygenation Injury in PC12 Cells via Regulation of Ca2+-STIM1/Orai1 Signaling. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 Rattus norvegicus 153-158 32862381-1 2020 Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a potent and highly selective agonist for alpha2-adrenergic receptors (alpha2AR), exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing apoptosis through decreased neuronal Ca2+ influx. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 94-102 32862381-1 2020 Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a potent and highly selective agonist for alpha2-adrenergic receptors (alpha2AR), exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing apoptosis through decreased neuronal Ca2+ influx. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 94-102 32862381-4 2020 Specifically, DEX pretreatment decreased the expression levels of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1), and reduced the concentration of intracellular calcium pools. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 stromal interaction molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-96 32862381-4 2020 Specifically, DEX pretreatment decreased the expression levels of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1), and reduced the concentration of intracellular calcium pools. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 stromal interaction molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 98-103 32862381-4 2020 Specifically, DEX pretreatment decreased the expression levels of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1), and reduced the concentration of intracellular calcium pools. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 Rattus norvegicus 109-160 32862381-4 2020 Specifically, DEX pretreatment decreased the expression levels of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1 (Orai1), and reduced the concentration of intracellular calcium pools. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 Rattus norvegicus 162-167 32862381-6 2020 Moreover, DEX pretreatment decreased the expression levels of Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3), hallmark markers of autophagy, and the formation of autophagosomes. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 beclin 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-70 32862381-6 2020 Moreover, DEX pretreatment decreased the expression levels of Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3), hallmark markers of autophagy, and the formation of autophagosomes. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 annexin A3 Rattus norvegicus 127-130 32862381-7 2020 In conclusion, these results suggested that DEX exerts neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress, autophagy, and neuronal apoptosis after OGD/R injury via modulation of Ca2+-STIM1/Orai1 signaling. Dexmedetomidine 44-47 stromal interaction molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 181-186 32862381-7 2020 In conclusion, these results suggested that DEX exerts neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress, autophagy, and neuronal apoptosis after OGD/R injury via modulation of Ca2+-STIM1/Orai1 signaling. Dexmedetomidine 44-47 ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1 Rattus norvegicus 187-192 32335082-4 2020 In the present study, using in both in vitro and in vivo models, we found that intestinal I/R injury was associated with the activation of p38 MAPK cascade, while DEX was capable of deactivating p38 MAPK and thus protect intestinal cells from apoptosis by inhibiting p38 MAPK-mediated mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c (Cyto C) release. Dexmedetomidine 163-166 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 318-330 32335082-4 2020 In the present study, using in both in vitro and in vivo models, we found that intestinal I/R injury was associated with the activation of p38 MAPK cascade, while DEX was capable of deactivating p38 MAPK and thus protect intestinal cells from apoptosis by inhibiting p38 MAPK-mediated mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c (Cyto C) release. Dexmedetomidine 163-166 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 332-338 32335082-5 2020 Moreover, through inhibiting p38 MAPK activity, the downstream production of pro-inflammatory cytokines-regulated by NF-kappaB was also suppressed by DEX treatment, leading to the resolution of I/R-induced inflammation in intestine. Dexmedetomidine 150-153 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 117-126 32742334-12 2020 Inhibition of miR-17-3p in Dex-induced H9C2 cells during H/R increased the expression of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta and phosphorylated NFkappaB subunit p65, while Dex reduced the H/R-induced expression of these inflammatory mediators. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 122-149 32742334-12 2020 Inhibition of miR-17-3p in Dex-induced H9C2 cells during H/R increased the expression of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta and phosphorylated NFkappaB subunit p65, while Dex reduced the H/R-induced expression of these inflammatory mediators. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 151-169 32742334-12 2020 Inhibition of miR-17-3p in Dex-induced H9C2 cells during H/R increased the expression of inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta and phosphorylated NFkappaB subunit p65, while Dex reduced the H/R-induced expression of these inflammatory mediators. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 171-179 32594289-0 2020 miR-128-3p enhances the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on acute lung injury in septic mice by targeted inhibition of MAPK14. Dexmedetomidine 45-60 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 123-129 32594289-1 2020 To investigate the role of miR-128-3p and MAPK14 in the dexmedetomidine treatment of acute lung injury in septic mice. Dexmedetomidine 56-71 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 42-48 32594289-9 2020 The combination of DEX and oe-MAPK14 blocked the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on acute lung injury in septic mice. Dexmedetomidine 70-85 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 30-36 32594289-10 2020 miR-128-3p can further enhance the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on acute lung injury in septic mice by targeting and inhibiting MAPK14 expression. Dexmedetomidine 56-71 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 136-142 32571181-1 2020 BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine and clonidine are the most extensively studied drugs for shivering treatment, because alpha2-adrenergic agonists can reduce the shivering threshold. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 114-120 32848754-13 2020 In the DEX group, the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 were decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while that of Bcl-2 was increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the DPN group and the YOH group. Dexmedetomidine 7-10 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 43-46 32848754-13 2020 In the DEX group, the expression levels of Bax and caspase-3 were decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while that of Bcl-2 was increased significantly (P < 0.05) compared with the DPN group and the YOH group. Dexmedetomidine 7-10 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 51-60 32482998-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Exerts an Anti-inflammatory Effect via alpha2 Adrenoceptors to Prevent Lipopolysaccharide-induced Cognitive Decline in Mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5 Mus musculus 55-61 32774667-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates LPS-Induced Monocyte-Endothelial Adherence via Inhibiting Cx43/PKC-alpha/NOX2/ROS Signaling Pathway in Monocytes. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 gap junction protein alpha 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 32708294-7 2020 Both drugs (MED and DEX) increased the NWR thresholds significantly up to 5.0 (3.7-5.9) and 4.4 (3.9-4.8) times the baseline (p = 0.547), at seven (3-11) and six (4-9) minutes (p = 0.938), respectively. Dexmedetomidine 20-23 SIX homeobox 4 Canis lupus familiaris 158-166 32774667-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates LPS-Induced Monocyte-Endothelial Adherence via Inhibiting Cx43/PKC-alpha/NOX2/ROS Signaling Pathway in Monocytes. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 90-99 32774667-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates LPS-Induced Monocyte-Endothelial Adherence via Inhibiting Cx43/PKC-alpha/NOX2/ROS Signaling Pathway in Monocytes. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 100-104 32774667-7 2020 Then, we detected whether dexmedetomidine could downregulate Cx43 expression and its downstream PKC-alpha/NOX2/ROS signaling pathway activation and ultimately result in the decrease of U937-HUVEC adhesion. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 gap junction protein alpha 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 32774667-7 2020 Then, we detected whether dexmedetomidine could downregulate Cx43 expression and its downstream PKC-alpha/NOX2/ROS signaling pathway activation and ultimately result in the decrease of U937-HUVEC adhesion. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 96-105 32774667-7 2020 Then, we detected whether dexmedetomidine could downregulate Cx43 expression and its downstream PKC-alpha/NOX2/ROS signaling pathway activation and ultimately result in the decrease of U937-HUVEC adhesion. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 106-110 32774667-8 2020 The results showed that dexmedetomidine, at its clinically relevant concentrations (0.1 nM and 1 nM), could inhibit adhesion of molecule expression (VLA-4 and LFA-1) and U937-HUVEC adhesion. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 integrin subunit alpha L Homo sapiens 159-164 32678054-2 2020 Experimental data suggest that central alpha2-agonists like dexmedetomidine (DEX) increase vasopressor responsiveness and reduce catecholamine requirements in septic shock. Dexmedetomidine 60-75 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 39-45 32678054-2 2020 Experimental data suggest that central alpha2-agonists like dexmedetomidine (DEX) increase vasopressor responsiveness and reduce catecholamine requirements in septic shock. Dexmedetomidine 77-80 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 39-45 32451082-8 2020 The dexmedetomidine-induced TNF-alpha mRNA increase was accompanied by phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, which was blocked by a JNK inhibitor. Dexmedetomidine 4-19 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 28-37 32774667-12 2020 In summary, we concluded that dexmedetomidine, at its clinically relevant concentrations (0.1 nM and 1 nM), decreased Cx43 expression in U937 monocytes and PKC-alpha associated with carboxyl-terminal domain of Cx43 protein. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 gap junction protein alpha 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 32774667-12 2020 In summary, we concluded that dexmedetomidine, at its clinically relevant concentrations (0.1 nM and 1 nM), decreased Cx43 expression in U937 monocytes and PKC-alpha associated with carboxyl-terminal domain of Cx43 protein. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 156-165 32774667-12 2020 In summary, we concluded that dexmedetomidine, at its clinically relevant concentrations (0.1 nM and 1 nM), decreased Cx43 expression in U937 monocytes and PKC-alpha associated with carboxyl-terminal domain of Cx43 protein. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 gap junction protein alpha 1 Homo sapiens 210-214 32451082-8 2020 The dexmedetomidine-induced TNF-alpha mRNA increase was accompanied by phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, which was blocked by a JNK inhibitor. Dexmedetomidine 4-19 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 90-93 32451082-8 2020 The dexmedetomidine-induced TNF-alpha mRNA increase was accompanied by phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, which was blocked by a JNK inhibitor. Dexmedetomidine 4-19 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 98-101 32451082-8 2020 The dexmedetomidine-induced TNF-alpha mRNA increase was accompanied by phosphorylation of JNK and ERK, which was blocked by a JNK inhibitor. Dexmedetomidine 4-19 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 126-129 32407987-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine pretreatment protects the heart against apoptosis in ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats by activating PI3K/Akt signaling in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 133-136 32407987-5 2020 Primary cardiomyocytes were cultured in DEX for 1 h, and then oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)/R for 36 h. These results showed that pretreatment with DEX significantly decreased the I/R-induced size of the myocardial infarction, structural damage, morphological changes and apoptosis in myocardial cells, as well as levels of creatinine kinase, malondialdehyde and cardiac troponin I, and increased the I/R-induced superoxide dismutase activity in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 155-158 troponin I3, cardiac type Rattus norvegicus 370-388 32407987-6 2020 Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis revealed that DEX pretreatment significantly increased the I/R-induced expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pPI3K) and pAkt, and significantly decreased those of pBcl-2 associated agonist of cell death, Bcl-2-associated X protein and cleaved caspase 3 in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 82-85 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 160-177 32407987-6 2020 Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis revealed that DEX pretreatment significantly increased the I/R-induced expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pPI3K) and pAkt, and significantly decreased those of pBcl-2 associated agonist of cell death, Bcl-2-associated X protein and cleaved caspase 3 in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 82-85 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 179-184 32407987-6 2020 Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis revealed that DEX pretreatment significantly increased the I/R-induced expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pPI3K) and pAkt, and significantly decreased those of pBcl-2 associated agonist of cell death, Bcl-2-associated X protein and cleaved caspase 3 in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 82-85 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 324-350 32407987-8 2020 These results suggested that DEX pretreatment may activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in an alpha2 adrenoceptor-dependent manner. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 68-71 32407987-8 2020 These results suggested that DEX pretreatment may activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in an alpha2 adrenoceptor-dependent manner. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C Rattus norvegicus 96-102 32407987-9 2020 DEX pretreatment may exert cardioprotective effects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats through the I/R-induced inhibition of cell apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 192-195 31773201-13 2020 In addition, ISB with DEX showed lower mean plasma IL-6 and IL-8 levels than ISB alone within 48 h postoperatively, with delayed rebound pain. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 51-55 32516026-8 2020 DEX pretreatment reduced vEV-induced CXCL4 and CCL5 expression, and neutrophil chemotaxis in cultured HUVECs via the FOXO3a signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 platelet factor 4 Homo sapiens 37-42 32516026-8 2020 DEX pretreatment reduced vEV-induced CXCL4 and CCL5 expression, and neutrophil chemotaxis in cultured HUVECs via the FOXO3a signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 Homo sapiens 47-51 32516026-8 2020 DEX pretreatment reduced vEV-induced CXCL4 and CCL5 expression, and neutrophil chemotaxis in cultured HUVECs via the FOXO3a signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 forkhead box O3 Mus musculus 117-123 32516026-11 2020 Our data demonstrated that vEVs induced CXCL4-CCL5 to stimulate neutrophil infiltration in kidney, which can be inhibited by DEX via the FOXO3a signaling. Dexmedetomidine 125-128 platelet factor 4 Homo sapiens 40-45 32516026-11 2020 Our data demonstrated that vEVs induced CXCL4-CCL5 to stimulate neutrophil infiltration in kidney, which can be inhibited by DEX via the FOXO3a signaling. Dexmedetomidine 125-128 C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 Homo sapiens 46-50 32516026-11 2020 Our data demonstrated that vEVs induced CXCL4-CCL5 to stimulate neutrophil infiltration in kidney, which can be inhibited by DEX via the FOXO3a signaling. Dexmedetomidine 125-128 forkhead box O3 Mus musculus 137-143 32632241-8 2020 Mechanistically, DEX induced IL-6 secretion from aHSCs and promoted HCC progression via STAT3 activation. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 29-33 32632241-8 2020 Mechanistically, DEX induced IL-6 secretion from aHSCs and promoted HCC progression via STAT3 activation. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Mus musculus 88-93 30913929-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Ameliorates Post-CPB Lung Injury in Rats by Activating the PI3K/Akt Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-83 30913929-10 2020 The expression and phosphorylation of Akt was significantly enhanced by Dex treatment compared to the saline/DMSO-treated group. Dexmedetomidine 72-75 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-41 30913929-13 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Dex reduces post-CPB lung injury in rats, at least partially, by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibiting lung tissue apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 98-101 32769293-1 2020 Dexmedetomidine is a centrally acting alpha2 adrenoreceptor agonist used in perioperative medicine due to its sedative, analgesic and sympatholytic properties. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 38-44 32377745-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a alpha2-adrenergic receptor (alpha2-AR) agonist exerts cardioprotective effects against septic heart dysfunction, but the exact mechanism is unknown. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Mus musculus 53-62 32377745-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a alpha2-adrenergic receptor (alpha2-AR) agonist exerts cardioprotective effects against septic heart dysfunction, but the exact mechanism is unknown. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 adenosine A2a receptor Mus musculus 53-62 32377745-13 2020 Therefore, the present results suggested that the attenuation of sepsis-induced HO-1 overexpression and iron concentration, and the reduction of ferroptosis via enhancing GPX4, may be the major mechanisms via which Dex alleviates sepsis-induced myocardial cellular injury. Dexmedetomidine 215-218 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 80-84 32377745-13 2020 Therefore, the present results suggested that the attenuation of sepsis-induced HO-1 overexpression and iron concentration, and the reduction of ferroptosis via enhancing GPX4, may be the major mechanisms via which Dex alleviates sepsis-induced myocardial cellular injury. Dexmedetomidine 215-218 glutathione peroxidase 4 Mus musculus 171-175 31773201-13 2020 In addition, ISB with DEX showed lower mean plasma IL-6 and IL-8 levels than ISB alone within 48 h postoperatively, with delayed rebound pain. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 60-64 32670056-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Enhances Autophagy via alpha2-AR/AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Inhibit the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Subsequently Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C Rattus norvegicus 39-45 32538430-6 2020 DEX restored cell viability and repressed LDH, Caspase-3 activity, ROS production, and cell apoptosis in HG-treated PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 47-56 32538430-9 2020 Together, our results indicate that DEX displays neuroprotective effects on PC-12 cells under high glucose through regulating miR-125b-5p/VDR axis. Dexmedetomidine 36-39 vitamin D receptor Rattus norvegicus 138-141 32670056-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Enhances Autophagy via alpha2-AR/AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Inhibit the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Subsequently Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 49-53 32670056-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Enhances Autophagy via alpha2-AR/AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Inhibit the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Subsequently Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 54-58 32670056-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Enhances Autophagy via alpha2-AR/AMPK/mTOR Pathway to Inhibit the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome and Subsequently Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 96-101 32670056-9 2020 Furthermore, DEX decreased activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and expression of interleukins 1beta and 18. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 45-50 32670056-11 2020 Finally, we verified the pharmacological effects of DEX on the 5"-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 63-114 32670056-11 2020 Finally, we verified the pharmacological effects of DEX on the 5"-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 116-120 32670056-11 2020 Finally, we verified the pharmacological effects of DEX on the 5"-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 122-153 32670056-11 2020 Finally, we verified the pharmacological effects of DEX on the 5"-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 155-159 32670056-13 2020 Conclusions: Our results suggest that the protective effects of DEX were mediated by enhanced autophagy via the alpha2-adrenoreceptor/AMPK/mTOR pathway, which decreased activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 134-138 32670056-13 2020 Conclusions: Our results suggest that the protective effects of DEX were mediated by enhanced autophagy via the alpha2-adrenoreceptor/AMPK/mTOR pathway, which decreased activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 139-143 32670056-13 2020 Conclusions: Our results suggest that the protective effects of DEX were mediated by enhanced autophagy via the alpha2-adrenoreceptor/AMPK/mTOR pathway, which decreased activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 187-192 32476028-7 2020 alpha2-Agonists such as dexmedetomidine may hold some slight clinical efficacy over agents like propofol, and with respect to oral medications, propranolol might convey some slight advantage compared to others. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 32655771-9 2020 Thus, our findings suggest that treatment with dexmedetomidine provides a protective role against lung injury caused by intestinal I/R in rats, possibly due to the upregulation of the CB2 receptor, followed by the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 cannabinoid receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 184-187 32655771-9 2020 Thus, our findings suggest that treatment with dexmedetomidine provides a protective role against lung injury caused by intestinal I/R in rats, possibly due to the upregulation of the CB2 receptor, followed by the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 237-240 32411568-13 2020 In cisplatin-treated cultured hippocampal neurons, Dex treatment and miR-429-3p overexpression significantly increased mitochondrial DNA gene mt-ND1expression and decreased caspase-9 expression. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 NADH dehydrogenase 1, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 142-148 32411568-13 2020 In cisplatin-treated cultured hippocampal neurons, Dex treatment and miR-429-3p overexpression significantly increased mitochondrial DNA gene mt-ND1expression and decreased caspase-9 expression. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 173-182 32655312-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neurotoxicity in Developing Rats Induced by Sevoflurane through Upregulating BDNF-TrkB-CREB and Downregulating ProBDNF-P75NRT-RhoA Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 104-108 32655312-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neurotoxicity in Developing Rats Induced by Sevoflurane through Upregulating BDNF-TrkB-CREB and Downregulating ProBDNF-P75NRT-RhoA Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 109-113 32655312-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neurotoxicity in Developing Rats Induced by Sevoflurane through Upregulating BDNF-TrkB-CREB and Downregulating ProBDNF-P75NRT-RhoA Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 114-118 32655312-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neurotoxicity in Developing Rats Induced by Sevoflurane through Upregulating BDNF-TrkB-CREB and Downregulating ProBDNF-P75NRT-RhoA Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 ras homolog family member A Rattus norvegicus 153-157 32655312-4 2020 WB results showed that mBDNF, pTrkB/TrkB, and CREB were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of the sevoflurane group, which are significantly upregulated in the dexmedetomidine group. Dexmedetomidine 168-183 brain derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 23-28 32655312-4 2020 WB results showed that mBDNF, pTrkB/TrkB, and CREB were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of the sevoflurane group, which are significantly upregulated in the dexmedetomidine group. Dexmedetomidine 168-183 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 31-35 32655312-4 2020 WB results showed that mBDNF, pTrkB/TrkB, and CREB were significantly decreased in the hippocampus of the sevoflurane group, which are significantly upregulated in the dexmedetomidine group. Dexmedetomidine 168-183 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 46-50 32655312-9 2020 Dexmedetomidine could reduce synaptic plasticity decline in developing rats induced by sevoflurane, through downregulating the proBDNF-p75NTR-RhoA pathway and upregulating BDNF-TrkB-CREB. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 ras homolog family member A Rattus norvegicus 142-146 32655312-9 2020 Dexmedetomidine could reduce synaptic plasticity decline in developing rats induced by sevoflurane, through downregulating the proBDNF-p75NTR-RhoA pathway and upregulating BDNF-TrkB-CREB. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 130-134 32655312-9 2020 Dexmedetomidine could reduce synaptic plasticity decline in developing rats induced by sevoflurane, through downregulating the proBDNF-p75NTR-RhoA pathway and upregulating BDNF-TrkB-CREB. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 177-181 32655312-9 2020 Dexmedetomidine could reduce synaptic plasticity decline in developing rats induced by sevoflurane, through downregulating the proBDNF-p75NTR-RhoA pathway and upregulating BDNF-TrkB-CREB. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 182-186 32655771-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Ameliorates Lung Injury Induced by Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion by Upregulating Cannabinoid Receptor 2, Followed by the Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cannabinoid receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 99-121 32655771-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Ameliorates Lung Injury Induced by Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion by Upregulating Cannabinoid Receptor 2, Followed by the Activation of the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 187-190 32655771-4 2020 In the current study, we investigated whether the CB2 receptor pathway contributes to the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on the intestinal I/R-induced lung injury in rats. Dexmedetomidine 111-126 cannabinoid receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 50-62 32655771-5 2020 Dexmedetomidine treatment upregulated the expression of CB2 receptor and suppressed the I/R-induced increases in lung injury scores, inflammatory cell infiltration, lung wet/dry ratio, MPO activity, MDA level, inflammatory cytokines, and caspase-3 expression while augmenting SOD activity and Bcl-2 expression, indicating attenuation of lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cannabinoid receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 56-68 32655771-5 2020 Dexmedetomidine treatment upregulated the expression of CB2 receptor and suppressed the I/R-induced increases in lung injury scores, inflammatory cell infiltration, lung wet/dry ratio, MPO activity, MDA level, inflammatory cytokines, and caspase-3 expression while augmenting SOD activity and Bcl-2 expression, indicating attenuation of lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 185-188 32655771-5 2020 Dexmedetomidine treatment upregulated the expression of CB2 receptor and suppressed the I/R-induced increases in lung injury scores, inflammatory cell infiltration, lung wet/dry ratio, MPO activity, MDA level, inflammatory cytokines, and caspase-3 expression while augmenting SOD activity and Bcl-2 expression, indicating attenuation of lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 238-247 32655771-5 2020 Dexmedetomidine treatment upregulated the expression of CB2 receptor and suppressed the I/R-induced increases in lung injury scores, inflammatory cell infiltration, lung wet/dry ratio, MPO activity, MDA level, inflammatory cytokines, and caspase-3 expression while augmenting SOD activity and Bcl-2 expression, indicating attenuation of lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 293-298 32655771-6 2020 Dexmedetomidine treatment also increased the expression of Akt. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 59-62 32655771-7 2020 The protective effects of dexmedetomidine treatment were reversed by the CB2 receptor antagonist AM630 or the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 cannabinoid receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 73-85 32406910-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine postconditioning suppresses myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating the SIRT1/mTOR axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 101-106 31841245-10 2020 In addition, these effects of dexmedetomidine could be reversed by EX527, a sirt1 inhibitor. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 76-81 31841245-11 2020 The present study indicated that dexmedetomidine via up-regulation of sirt1 expression, inhibited HIF-1alpha expression and glycolysis, thus reducing LPS-mediated inflammation in BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 33-48 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 70-75 31841245-11 2020 The present study indicated that dexmedetomidine via up-regulation of sirt1 expression, inhibited HIF-1alpha expression and glycolysis, thus reducing LPS-mediated inflammation in BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 33-48 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 98-108 31927655-1 2020 The aim of the present study was to investigate whether TIPE2 participates in the protective actions of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in a mouse model of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Dexmedetomidine 104-119 tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 Mus musculus 56-61 31927655-1 2020 The aim of the present study was to investigate whether TIPE2 participates in the protective actions of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in a mouse model of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Dexmedetomidine 121-124 tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 Mus musculus 56-61 31927655-10 2020 Moreover, DEX markedly attenuated sepsis-induced lung inflammation, as evidenced by the decrease in the number of PMNs in the BALF, lung MPO activity and proinflammatory cytokines in the BALF. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 137-140 31927655-11 2020 In addition, DEX dramatically prevented sepsis-induced pulmonary cell apoptosis in mice, as reflected by decreases in the number of TUNEL-positive cells, the protein expression of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase 3 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 caspase 9 Mus musculus 188-197 31927655-11 2020 In addition, DEX dramatically prevented sepsis-induced pulmonary cell apoptosis in mice, as reflected by decreases in the number of TUNEL-positive cells, the protein expression of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase 3 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 228-231 31927655-11 2020 In addition, DEX dramatically prevented sepsis-induced pulmonary cell apoptosis in mice, as reflected by decreases in the number of TUNEL-positive cells, the protein expression of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase 3 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 232-237 31927655-12 2020 In addition, evaluation of protein expression showed that DEX blocked sepsis-activated JNK phosphorylation and NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation. Dexmedetomidine 58-61 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 87-90 31927655-12 2020 In addition, evaluation of protein expression showed that DEX blocked sepsis-activated JNK phosphorylation and NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation. Dexmedetomidine 58-61 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 121-124 31927655-14 2020 Our study demonstrated that DEX inhibits acute inflammation and apoptosis in a murine model of sepsis-stimulated ALI via the upregulation of TIPE2 and the suppression of the activation of the NF-kappaB and JNK signalling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 8-like 2 Mus musculus 141-146 31927655-14 2020 Our study demonstrated that DEX inhibits acute inflammation and apoptosis in a murine model of sepsis-stimulated ALI via the upregulation of TIPE2 and the suppression of the activation of the NF-kappaB and JNK signalling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 206-209 31147972-1 2020 PURPOSE: To compare the incidences of positive hemodynamic response (HR > 100 beats min-1 or SBP > 160 mmHg) during abdominal exploration and moderate pain after surgery, when using dexmedetomidine infusion and rectus sheath block. Dexmedetomidine 188-203 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 87-92 31147972-1 2020 PURPOSE: To compare the incidences of positive hemodynamic response (HR > 100 beats min-1 or SBP > 160 mmHg) during abdominal exploration and moderate pain after surgery, when using dexmedetomidine infusion and rectus sheath block. Dexmedetomidine 188-203 selenium binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 96-99 32323054-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine had neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neuronal cells via targeting lncRNA SHNG16 mediated microRNA-10b-5p/BDNF axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 10b Rattus norvegicus 111-123 32323054-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine had neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neuronal cells via targeting lncRNA SHNG16 mediated microRNA-10b-5p/BDNF axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 127-131 32323054-10 2020 DEX inhibited miR-10b-5p expression but increased SHNG16 and BDNF levels with a dosage effect. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 61-65 32323054-13 2020 In conclusion, DEX exerts neuroprotective in ischemic stroke via improving neuron damage, the underlying mechanism may be upregulating SHNG16 and BDNF via sponging miR-10b-5p. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 146-150 31654225-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Protects Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Injury Through Inducing Astrocytes Autophagy via TSC2/mTOR Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 TSC complex subunit 2 Homo sapiens 117-121 31654225-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Protects Against Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation-Induced Injury Through Inducing Astrocytes Autophagy via TSC2/mTOR Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 122-126 31654225-5 2020 DEX induced the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin 1, while reduced the expression of p62 in primary cultured astrocytes through induction of autophagy. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha Homo sapiens 78-81 31654225-5 2020 DEX induced the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin 1, while reduced the expression of p62 in primary cultured astrocytes through induction of autophagy. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 beclin 1 Homo sapiens 87-95 31654225-5 2020 DEX induced the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin 1, while reduced the expression of p62 in primary cultured astrocytes through induction of autophagy. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 nucleoporin 62 Homo sapiens 129-132 31654225-6 2020 In addition, DEX enhanced the expression of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) in primary cultured astrocytes, while reduced the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 TSC complex subunit 2 Homo sapiens 44-72 31654225-6 2020 In addition, DEX enhanced the expression of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) in primary cultured astrocytes, while reduced the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 TSC complex subunit 2 Homo sapiens 74-78 31654225-6 2020 In addition, DEX enhanced the expression of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) in primary cultured astrocytes, while reduced the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 144-173 31654225-6 2020 In addition, DEX enhanced the expression of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) in primary cultured astrocytes, while reduced the expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 175-179 31654225-7 2020 In conclusion, our study suggests that DEX exerts a neuroprotection against OGD-induced astrocytes injury via activation of astrocytes autophagy by regulating the TSC2/mTOR signaling pathway, which provides a new insight into the mechanisms of DEX treatment for acute ischemic injury. Dexmedetomidine 39-42 TSC complex subunit 2 Homo sapiens 163-167 31654225-7 2020 In conclusion, our study suggests that DEX exerts a neuroprotection against OGD-induced astrocytes injury via activation of astrocytes autophagy by regulating the TSC2/mTOR signaling pathway, which provides a new insight into the mechanisms of DEX treatment for acute ischemic injury. Dexmedetomidine 39-42 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 168-172 32343308-6 2020 The simultaneous administration of DEX and sufentanil significantly reduced plasma IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations and increased IL-10 level (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0003, and P = 0.0345, respectively), accompanied by better postoperative delirium categories and health statuses of patients (P = 0.024 and P < 0.05, respectively). Dexmedetomidine 35-38 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 83-87 32343308-6 2020 The simultaneous administration of DEX and sufentanil significantly reduced plasma IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations and increased IL-10 level (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0003, and P = 0.0345, respectively), accompanied by better postoperative delirium categories and health statuses of patients (P = 0.024 and P < 0.05, respectively). Dexmedetomidine 35-38 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 92-101 32343308-6 2020 The simultaneous administration of DEX and sufentanil significantly reduced plasma IL-6 and TNF-alpha concentrations and increased IL-10 level (P < 0.0001, P = 0.0003, and P = 0.0345, respectively), accompanied by better postoperative delirium categories and health statuses of patients (P = 0.024 and P < 0.05, respectively). Dexmedetomidine 35-38 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 131-136 32467829-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine protects PC12 cells from ropivacaine injury through miR-381/LRRC4 /SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 381 Rattus norvegicus 68-75 32467829-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine protects PC12 cells from ropivacaine injury through miR-381/LRRC4 /SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 leucine rich repeat containing 4 Rattus norvegicus 76-81 32467829-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine protects PC12 cells from ropivacaine injury through miR-381/LRRC4 /SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 Rattus norvegicus 83-88 32467829-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine protects PC12 cells from ropivacaine injury through miR-381/LRRC4 /SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 89-94 32467829-10 2020 Dexmedetomidine reversed role of ropivacaine (0 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.5 mM, 1 mM) by upragulating the expression of miR-381 and suppressing the expression of LRRC4 in PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 381 Rattus norvegicus 108-115 32467829-10 2020 Dexmedetomidine reversed role of ropivacaine (0 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.5 mM, 1 mM) by upragulating the expression of miR-381 and suppressing the expression of LRRC4 in PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 leucine rich repeat containing 4 Rattus norvegicus 150-155 32467829-12 2020 Dexmedetomidine promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited apoptosis of PC12 cells by suppressing LRRC4 via up-regulating the expressions of miR-381 and further activated SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 leucine rich repeat containing 4 Rattus norvegicus 121-126 32467829-12 2020 Dexmedetomidine promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited apoptosis of PC12 cells by suppressing LRRC4 via up-regulating the expressions of miR-381 and further activated SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 381 Rattus norvegicus 164-171 32467829-12 2020 Dexmedetomidine promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited apoptosis of PC12 cells by suppressing LRRC4 via up-regulating the expressions of miR-381 and further activated SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 Rattus norvegicus 194-199 32467829-12 2020 Dexmedetomidine promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion and inhibited apoptosis of PC12 cells by suppressing LRRC4 via up-regulating the expressions of miR-381 and further activated SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 200-205 32467829-13 2020 Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine could protect PC12 cells from ropivacaine injury through miR-381/LRRC4/SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 microRNA 381 Rattus norvegicus 86-93 32467829-13 2020 Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine could protect PC12 cells from ropivacaine injury through miR-381/LRRC4/SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 leucine rich repeat containing 4 Rattus norvegicus 94-99 32467829-13 2020 Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine could protect PC12 cells from ropivacaine injury through miR-381/LRRC4/SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 Rattus norvegicus 100-105 32467829-13 2020 Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine could protect PC12 cells from ropivacaine injury through miR-381/LRRC4/SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 106-111 32553076-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates High Glucose-induced HK-2 Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition by Inhibiting AKT and ERK. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 101-104 32553076-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates High Glucose-induced HK-2 Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition by Inhibiting AKT and ERK. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 109-112 32553076-4 2020 Results: Compared with HK-2 cells exposed to high level of glucose, the HK-2 cells exposed to both high level of glucose and Dex showed: (1) lower level of ROS production; (2) cell morphology was complete; (3) more cells in G1 phase; (4) lower expression of p-AKT, p-ERK and alpha-SMA, higher expression of E-Cadherin and Claudin-1. Dexmedetomidine 125-128 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 260-263 32553076-4 2020 Results: Compared with HK-2 cells exposed to high level of glucose, the HK-2 cells exposed to both high level of glucose and Dex showed: (1) lower level of ROS production; (2) cell morphology was complete; (3) more cells in G1 phase; (4) lower expression of p-AKT, p-ERK and alpha-SMA, higher expression of E-Cadherin and Claudin-1. Dexmedetomidine 125-128 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 267-270 32553076-4 2020 Results: Compared with HK-2 cells exposed to high level of glucose, the HK-2 cells exposed to both high level of glucose and Dex showed: (1) lower level of ROS production; (2) cell morphology was complete; (3) more cells in G1 phase; (4) lower expression of p-AKT, p-ERK and alpha-SMA, higher expression of E-Cadherin and Claudin-1. Dexmedetomidine 125-128 actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle Homo sapiens 275-284 32553076-4 2020 Results: Compared with HK-2 cells exposed to high level of glucose, the HK-2 cells exposed to both high level of glucose and Dex showed: (1) lower level of ROS production; (2) cell morphology was complete; (3) more cells in G1 phase; (4) lower expression of p-AKT, p-ERK and alpha-SMA, higher expression of E-Cadherin and Claudin-1. Dexmedetomidine 125-128 cadherin 1 Homo sapiens 307-317 32553076-4 2020 Results: Compared with HK-2 cells exposed to high level of glucose, the HK-2 cells exposed to both high level of glucose and Dex showed: (1) lower level of ROS production; (2) cell morphology was complete; (3) more cells in G1 phase; (4) lower expression of p-AKT, p-ERK and alpha-SMA, higher expression of E-Cadherin and Claudin-1. Dexmedetomidine 125-128 claudin 1 Homo sapiens 322-331 32553076-6 2020 Conclusion: Dex can attenuate high glucose-induced HK-2 epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting AKT and ERK. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 104-107 32553076-6 2020 Conclusion: Dex can attenuate high glucose-induced HK-2 epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting AKT and ERK. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 112-115 32419697-13 2020 Moreover, DEX notably reduced expressions of caspase-3, caspase-9, cyt-c, and bax and increased expression of bcl-2. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 45-54 32419697-13 2020 Moreover, DEX notably reduced expressions of caspase-3, caspase-9, cyt-c, and bax and increased expression of bcl-2. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 56-65 32419697-13 2020 Moreover, DEX notably reduced expressions of caspase-3, caspase-9, cyt-c, and bax and increased expression of bcl-2. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 78-81 32419697-13 2020 Moreover, DEX notably reduced expressions of caspase-3, caspase-9, cyt-c, and bax and increased expression of bcl-2. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 110-115 32415933-11 2020 Compared with those in the model group, rats in the DEX group had significantly lower expression levels of serum BUN, Cre, IL-1beta, and IL-6, and oxidant markers MDA and ROS, but significantly higher expression levels of miR-146a and antioxidant markers SOD and CAT. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 123-131 32415933-11 2020 Compared with those in the model group, rats in the DEX group had significantly lower expression levels of serum BUN, Cre, IL-1beta, and IL-6, and oxidant markers MDA and ROS, but significantly higher expression levels of miR-146a and antioxidant markers SOD and CAT. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 137-141 32415933-11 2020 Compared with those in the model group, rats in the DEX group had significantly lower expression levels of serum BUN, Cre, IL-1beta, and IL-6, and oxidant markers MDA and ROS, but significantly higher expression levels of miR-146a and antioxidant markers SOD and CAT. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 microRNA 146a Rattus norvegicus 222-230 32415933-11 2020 Compared with those in the model group, rats in the DEX group had significantly lower expression levels of serum BUN, Cre, IL-1beta, and IL-6, and oxidant markers MDA and ROS, but significantly higher expression levels of miR-146a and antioxidant markers SOD and CAT. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 catalase Rattus norvegicus 263-266 32415933-12 2020 DEX pretreatment could improve the kidney morphology, injury severity, and Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins of rats with SAKI. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 75-79 32415933-12 2020 DEX pretreatment could improve the kidney morphology, injury severity, and Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins of rats with SAKI. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 84-88 32415933-13 2020 In conclusion, DEX can improve oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in rats with SAKI, reduce the severity of the renal injury, and up-regulate the expression level of miR-146a. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 microRNA 146a Rattus norvegicus 175-183 32489336-5 2020 Results: At 15 minutes after intubation and before the operation, in the DEX group, plasma BDNF concentration decreased but remained much higher than the NSE group (P < .0001, q = 15.82). Dexmedetomidine 73-76 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 91-95 32477139-12 2020 Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine reduced the incidence of POD in elderly patients on the first day after hip fracture surgery, and reduced IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels over the first 3 days after surgery. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 134-138 32477139-12 2020 Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine reduced the incidence of POD in elderly patients on the first day after hip fracture surgery, and reduced IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels over the first 3 days after surgery. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 143-152 32454792-1 2020 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective alpha2 adrenergic receptor (alpha2AR) agonist currently used in clinical settings. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 72-80 32454792-1 2020 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective alpha2 adrenergic receptor (alpha2AR) agonist currently used in clinical settings. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 72-80 32309111-8 2020 In the Dex group, the escape latency was shorter, neuron cell injury levels were alleviated, and the expression levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta were significantly down-regulated compared with the POCD group. Dexmedetomidine 7-10 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 122-131 32309111-8 2020 In the Dex group, the escape latency was shorter, neuron cell injury levels were alleviated, and the expression levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta were significantly down-regulated compared with the POCD group. Dexmedetomidine 7-10 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 136-144 32309111-14 2020 In conclusion, our study outcome proposes that Dex-regulated lncRNA LOC102546895 may play a role in rats with POCD through targeting Npas4. Dexmedetomidine 47-50 neuronal PAS domain protein 4 Rattus norvegicus 133-138 32297286-1 2020 INTRODUCTION: Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist without any effect on the GABA receptor. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 52-59 32014689-6 2020 RESULTS: DEX attenuated LPS-induced increases in serum creatinine and IL-6 concentrations. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 70-74 32014689-8 2020 In vitro, DEX suppressed TNF-alpha-induced increases in basal OCR and ROS levels and inhibited decreases of ATP production induced by TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 25-34 32014689-8 2020 In vitro, DEX suppressed TNF-alpha-induced increases in basal OCR and ROS levels and inhibited decreases of ATP production induced by TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 134-143 32014689-9 2020 CONCLUSION: DEX has protective effects for cells and tissues of the kidney by inhibiting oxygen consumption and hypoxia or by improving mitochondrial dysfunction via TNF-alpha in the renal cells. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 166-175 32433037-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine inhibits LPS-induced proinflammatory responses via suppressing HIF1alpha-dependent glycolysis in macrophages. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 79-88 32433037-3 2020 However, whether dexmedetomidine influences hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha-induced glycolysis and thus exerts an anti-inflammatory effect has been poorly investigated. Dexmedetomidine 17-32 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 44-75 32433037-4 2020 This study aims to elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of dexmedetomidine involving the hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha-dependent glycolytic pathway. Dexmedetomidine 64-79 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 94-125 32433037-6 2020 The enhancement of glycolysis by the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or higher concentration of glucose could reverse the anti-inflammatory effect of dexmedetomidine on lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages. Dexmedetomidine 167-182 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 37-85 32433037-7 2020 Moreover, dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited the upregulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha at the mRNA and protein levels. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 70-101 32433037-8 2020 Genetic inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha expression could reverse the anti-inflammatory effect of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 111-126 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 22-53 32433037-9 2020 Taken together, our results indicate that dexmedetomidine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory responses partially by suppressing hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha-dependent glycolysis in macrophages. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 147-178 32406910-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine postconditioning suppresses myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating the SIRT1/mTOR axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 107-111 32406910-3 2020 We evaluated the role of Dex in MI/R injury via the silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 52-106 32406910-3 2020 We evaluated the role of Dex in MI/R injury via the silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 108-113 32406910-3 2020 We evaluated the role of Dex in MI/R injury via the silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 115-144 32406910-3 2020 We evaluated the role of Dex in MI/R injury via the silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (SIRT1)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 146-150 32406910-10 2020 The results of this study suggested that Dex relieved MI/R injury, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, upregulated the SIRT1/mTOR axis and decreased overautophagy in MI/R rats. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 161-166 32406910-10 2020 The results of this study suggested that Dex relieved MI/R injury, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions, upregulated the SIRT1/mTOR axis and decreased overautophagy in MI/R rats. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 167-171 32406910-11 2020 SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 attenuated the protective effects of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 59-62 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 32406910-12 2020 Our study demonstrated that Dex alleviated MI/R injury by activating the SIRT1/mTOR axis. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-78 32406910-12 2020 Our study demonstrated that Dex alleviated MI/R injury by activating the SIRT1/mTOR axis. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 79-83 32525823-9 2020 The increased activities of TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 induced by CSE were partially attenuated by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 100-103 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 28-36 32525823-9 2020 The increased activities of TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 induced by CSE were partially attenuated by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 100-103 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 38-46 32525823-9 2020 The increased activities of TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 induced by CSE were partially attenuated by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 100-103 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 51-55 32525823-10 2020 Dex also recovered the levels of NF-kappaB and COX2, as well as mnSOD, catalase and ROS. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 33-42 32525823-10 2020 Dex also recovered the levels of NF-kappaB and COX2, as well as mnSOD, catalase and ROS. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 47-51 32525823-10 2020 Dex also recovered the levels of NF-kappaB and COX2, as well as mnSOD, catalase and ROS. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 64-69 32525823-10 2020 Dex also recovered the levels of NF-kappaB and COX2, as well as mnSOD, catalase and ROS. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 catalase Homo sapiens 71-79 32482053-9 2020 Dexmedetomidine treatment improved locomotor function and upregulated expression of NGF and MBP in the sciatic nerve of SNCI. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 84-87 32482053-9 2020 Dexmedetomidine treatment improved locomotor function and upregulated expression of NGF and MBP in the sciatic nerve of SNCI. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 myelin basic protein Rattus norvegicus 92-95 32482053-10 2020 Dexmedetomidine treatment alleviated thermal hyperalgesia and downregulated expression of c-Fos in the vlPAG and PVN after SNCI. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 90-95 32377171-0 2020 Inhibition of carrageenan-induced dental inflammatory responses owing to decreased TRPV1 activity by Dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 101-116 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 Homo sapiens 83-88 32377171-6 2020 Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of PKA, PKC, STAT3, and NF-kappaB as well as the nuclear accumulation of STAT3 and NF-kappaB were significantly increased in Dex-treated Car-induced hDPCs. Dexmedetomidine 156-159 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 39-42 32377171-6 2020 Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of PKA, PKC, STAT3, and NF-kappaB as well as the nuclear accumulation of STAT3 and NF-kappaB were significantly increased in Dex-treated Car-induced hDPCs. Dexmedetomidine 156-159 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 44-49 32377171-6 2020 Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of PKA, PKC, STAT3, and NF-kappaB as well as the nuclear accumulation of STAT3 and NF-kappaB were significantly increased in Dex-treated Car-induced hDPCs. Dexmedetomidine 156-159 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 55-64 32377171-6 2020 Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of PKA, PKC, STAT3, and NF-kappaB as well as the nuclear accumulation of STAT3 and NF-kappaB were significantly increased in Dex-treated Car-induced hDPCs. Dexmedetomidine 156-159 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 104-109 32377171-6 2020 Meanwhile, the phosphorylation of PKA, PKC, STAT3, and NF-kappaB as well as the nuclear accumulation of STAT3 and NF-kappaB were significantly increased in Dex-treated Car-induced hDPCs. Dexmedetomidine 156-159 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 114-123 32377171-7 2020 Western blotting results also showed that the phosphorylation level of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) was downregulated as a result of Dex treatment. Dexmedetomidine 177-180 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 Homo sapiens 71-135 32377171-7 2020 Western blotting results also showed that the phosphorylation level of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) was downregulated as a result of Dex treatment. Dexmedetomidine 177-180 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 Homo sapiens 137-142 32377171-8 2020 Furthermore, we found that administration of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin (Cap) reversed the effects of Dex on proinflammatory cytokines; however, the expression and activation of PKA-STAT3 and PKC-NF-kappaB signals were not altered owing to Cap administration. Dexmedetomidine 103-106 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 Homo sapiens 49-54 32377171-9 2020 Conclusions: These results indicate that Dex plays a defensive role in dental pulp inflammation by regulating the TRPV1 channel and can be used as a potential target for human dental pulp inflammation intervention. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 Homo sapiens 114-119 32342432-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, has protective effect on oxidative stress induced cell apoptosis, but effects of Dex and Dex-mediated alpha2-AR activation on oxidant induced necroptosis was unclear. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 47-56 31635678-3 2020 Therefore, it is reasonable to explore the associated mechanism of JAK2/STAT3 signalling in Dex treatment. Dexmedetomidine 92-95 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 31635678-3 2020 Therefore, it is reasonable to explore the associated mechanism of JAK2/STAT3 signalling in Dex treatment. Dexmedetomidine 92-95 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 72-77 31635678-4 2020 The study purpose was to evaluate the JAK2/STAT3 signalling regulatory mechanisms of Dex in preventing I/R. Dexmedetomidine 85-88 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 38-42 31635678-4 2020 The study purpose was to evaluate the JAK2/STAT3 signalling regulatory mechanisms of Dex in preventing I/R. Dexmedetomidine 85-88 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 43-48 31635678-8 2020 Dex inhibited I/R injury by decreasing apoptosis significantly with rescue of cleaved caspase-3 and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 86-95 31635678-8 2020 Dex inhibited I/R injury by decreasing apoptosis significantly with rescue of cleaved caspase-3 and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 104-109 31635678-8 2020 Dex inhibited I/R injury by decreasing apoptosis significantly with rescue of cleaved caspase-3 and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 110-113 31635678-9 2020 Furthermore, phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT1 and STAT3 was affected, suggesting the involvement of activated JAK/STAT in response to Dex. Dexmedetomidine 132-135 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 31635678-9 2020 Furthermore, phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT1 and STAT3 was affected, suggesting the involvement of activated JAK/STAT in response to Dex. Dexmedetomidine 132-135 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-43 31635678-9 2020 Furthermore, phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT1 and STAT3 was affected, suggesting the involvement of activated JAK/STAT in response to Dex. Dexmedetomidine 132-135 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 48-53 31635678-11 2020 JAK2/STAT3 activation is crucial to the diminishing effect of Dex on mesenteric I/R injury; however, the efficacy and timing of Dex administration should be considered in clinical practice. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 31635678-11 2020 JAK2/STAT3 activation is crucial to the diminishing effect of Dex on mesenteric I/R injury; however, the efficacy and timing of Dex administration should be considered in clinical practice. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 5-10 31635678-11 2020 JAK2/STAT3 activation is crucial to the diminishing effect of Dex on mesenteric I/R injury; however, the efficacy and timing of Dex administration should be considered in clinical practice. Dexmedetomidine 128-131 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 31635678-11 2020 JAK2/STAT3 activation is crucial to the diminishing effect of Dex on mesenteric I/R injury; however, the efficacy and timing of Dex administration should be considered in clinical practice. Dexmedetomidine 128-131 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 5-10 32342432-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, has protective effect on oxidative stress induced cell apoptosis, but effects of Dex and Dex-mediated alpha2-AR activation on oxidant induced necroptosis was unclear. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 169-178 32342432-7 2020 Dex preconditioning significantly increased expression of protein HO-1 and decreased expressions of proteins RIPK1 and RIPK3 induced by H2O2, while all these protective effects of Dex were reversed by YOH (all p < 0.05, Dex + H2O2 vs. H2O2; and YOH + Dex + H2O2 vs. Dex + H2O2). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 32342432-7 2020 Dex preconditioning significantly increased expression of protein HO-1 and decreased expressions of proteins RIPK1 and RIPK3 induced by H2O2, while all these protective effects of Dex were reversed by YOH (all p < 0.05, Dex + H2O2 vs. H2O2; and YOH + Dex + H2O2 vs. Dex + H2O2). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 109-114 32342432-7 2020 Dex preconditioning significantly increased expression of protein HO-1 and decreased expressions of proteins RIPK1 and RIPK3 induced by H2O2, while all these protective effects of Dex were reversed by YOH (all p < 0.05, Dex + H2O2 vs. H2O2; and YOH + Dex + H2O2 vs. Dex + H2O2). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 119-124 32342432-7 2020 Dex preconditioning significantly increased expression of protein HO-1 and decreased expressions of proteins RIPK1 and RIPK3 induced by H2O2, while all these protective effects of Dex were reversed by YOH (all p < 0.05, Dex + H2O2 vs. H2O2; and YOH + Dex + H2O2 vs. Dex + H2O2). Dexmedetomidine 180-183 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 32342432-7 2020 Dex preconditioning significantly increased expression of protein HO-1 and decreased expressions of proteins RIPK1 and RIPK3 induced by H2O2, while all these protective effects of Dex were reversed by YOH (all p < 0.05, Dex + H2O2 vs. H2O2; and YOH + Dex + H2O2 vs. Dex + H2O2). Dexmedetomidine 180-183 receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 119-124 32342432-7 2020 Dex preconditioning significantly increased expression of protein HO-1 and decreased expressions of proteins RIPK1 and RIPK3 induced by H2O2, while all these protective effects of Dex were reversed by YOH (all p < 0.05, Dex + H2O2 vs. H2O2; and YOH + Dex + H2O2 vs. Dex + H2O2). Dexmedetomidine 180-183 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 32342432-7 2020 Dex preconditioning significantly increased expression of protein HO-1 and decreased expressions of proteins RIPK1 and RIPK3 induced by H2O2, while all these protective effects of Dex were reversed by YOH (all p < 0.05, Dex + H2O2 vs. H2O2; and YOH + Dex + H2O2 vs. Dex + H2O2). Dexmedetomidine 180-183 receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 119-124 32342432-7 2020 Dex preconditioning significantly increased expression of protein HO-1 and decreased expressions of proteins RIPK1 and RIPK3 induced by H2O2, while all these protective effects of Dex were reversed by YOH (all p < 0.05, Dex + H2O2 vs. H2O2; and YOH + Dex + H2O2 vs. Dex + H2O2). Dexmedetomidine 180-183 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 32342432-7 2020 Dex preconditioning significantly increased expression of protein HO-1 and decreased expressions of proteins RIPK1 and RIPK3 induced by H2O2, while all these protective effects of Dex were reversed by YOH (all p < 0.05, Dex + H2O2 vs. H2O2; and YOH + Dex + H2O2 vs. Dex + H2O2). Dexmedetomidine 180-183 receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 119-124 32342432-7 2020 Dex preconditioning significantly increased expression of protein HO-1 and decreased expressions of proteins RIPK1 and RIPK3 induced by H2O2, while all these protective effects of Dex were reversed by YOH (all p < 0.05, Dex + H2O2 vs. H2O2; and YOH + Dex + H2O2 vs. Dex + H2O2). Dexmedetomidine 180-183 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 32342432-7 2020 Dex preconditioning significantly increased expression of protein HO-1 and decreased expressions of proteins RIPK1 and RIPK3 induced by H2O2, while all these protective effects of Dex were reversed by YOH (all p < 0.05, Dex + H2O2 vs. H2O2; and YOH + Dex + H2O2 vs. Dex + H2O2). Dexmedetomidine 180-183 receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 119-124 32342432-9 2020 These findings indicated that Dex attenuates H2O2 induced cardiomyocyte necroptotic and apoptotic cell death respectively dependently and independently of alpha2-AR activation. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 155-164 32342432-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, has protective effect on oxidative stress induced cell apoptosis, but effects of Dex and Dex-mediated alpha2-AR activation on oxidant induced necroptosis was unclear. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 169-178 32342432-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, has protective effect on oxidative stress induced cell apoptosis, but effects of Dex and Dex-mediated alpha2-AR activation on oxidant induced necroptosis was unclear. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 47-56 32342432-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, has protective effect on oxidative stress induced cell apoptosis, but effects of Dex and Dex-mediated alpha2-AR activation on oxidant induced necroptosis was unclear. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 47-56 32342432-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, has protective effect on oxidative stress induced cell apoptosis, but effects of Dex and Dex-mediated alpha2-AR activation on oxidant induced necroptosis was unclear. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 169-178 32342432-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), an alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist, has protective effect on oxidative stress induced cell apoptosis, but effects of Dex and Dex-mediated alpha2-AR activation on oxidant induced necroptosis was unclear. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 47-56 32152538-3 2020 Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha2AR agonist used in post-operative patients as an anxiety-reducing, sedative medicine that decreases the requirement for opioids. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Homo sapiens 38-46 32152538-5 2020 To better understand the structural basis for the selectivity and efficacy of adrenergic agonists, we determined the structure of the alpha2BAR in complex with dexmedetomidine and Go at a resolution of 2.9 A by single-particle cryo-EM. Dexmedetomidine 160-175 adrenoceptor alpha 2B Homo sapiens 134-143 32426742-10 2020 Dexmedetomidine was used in 13.8% of encounters in the PRE and 51.9% of encounters in the POST (p < 0.001). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 solute carrier family 35 member G1 Homo sapiens 90-94 32895131-11 2020 Western blotting showed that DEX pretreatment significantly increased the expressions of p-AMPK and Mfn2 protein and decreased the expression of p-Drp1 protein in the brain tissue of the mice, and these changes were also reversed by dorsomorphin treatment. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 mitofusin 2 Mus musculus 100-104 32895131-11 2020 Western blotting showed that DEX pretreatment significantly increased the expressions of p-AMPK and Mfn2 protein and decreased the expression of p-Drp1 protein in the brain tissue of the mice, and these changes were also reversed by dorsomorphin treatment. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 death-associated protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 147-151 32070878-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine protects H9C2 against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through miR-208b-3p/Med13/Wnt signaling pathway axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mediator complex subunit 13 Rattus norvegicus 87-92 32070878-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine protects H9C2 against hypoxia/reoxygenation injury through miR-208b-3p/Med13/Wnt signaling pathway axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Wnt family member 3A Rattus norvegicus 93-96 32070878-8 2020 Dex preconditioning increased expression of Med13, which was reduced after knockdown of Med13 mRNA in H9C2. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mediator complex subunit 13 Rattus norvegicus 44-49 32070878-8 2020 Dex preconditioning increased expression of Med13, which was reduced after knockdown of Med13 mRNA in H9C2. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mediator complex subunit 13 Rattus norvegicus 88-93 32070878-11 2020 Dex protects H9C2 cells against HR injury through miR-208b-3p/Med13/Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mediator complex subunit 13 Rattus norvegicus 62-67 32070878-11 2020 Dex protects H9C2 cells against HR injury through miR-208b-3p/Med13/Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 Wnt family member 3A Rattus norvegicus 68-71 32070878-11 2020 Dex protects H9C2 cells against HR injury through miR-208b-3p/Med13/Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 72-84 32337274-0 2020 TRPV1 Contributes to the Neuroprotective Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilepticus Juvenile Rats. Dexmedetomidine 51-66 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 32334510-1 2020 BACKGROUND: The alpha2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a sedative and can be used as an adjunct to hypnotics. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 16-22 32334510-1 2020 BACKGROUND: The alpha2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a sedative and can be used as an adjunct to hypnotics. Dexmedetomidine 59-62 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 16-22 32377532-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a potent alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist with anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 55-64 32377532-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a potent alpha2-adrenoceptor (alpha2-AR) agonist with anti-inflammatory and renoprotective effects. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 55-64 32377532-9 2020 The results showed that, unlike methylprednisolone, DEX preconditioning led to a time-dependent biphasic change (first activation then inhibition) of NF-kappaB in the rat renal IRI models that were given 25 mug/kg i.p. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 150-159 32377532-12 2020 The changes in the A20 and NF-kappaB messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were consistent with the renoprotective ability of DEX. Dexmedetomidine 116-119 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 27-36 32377532-13 2020 In other words, DEX preconditioning protected the rats from renal IRI via regulation biphasic change of NF-kappaB signaling. Dexmedetomidine 16-19 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 104-113 32001264-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine improves propofol-induced neuronal injury in rat hippocampus with the involvement of miR-34a and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 34a Rattus norvegicus 101-108 32001264-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine improves propofol-induced neuronal injury in rat hippocampus with the involvement of miR-34a and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 122-125 32001264-7 2020 KEY FINDINGS: In vivo experiments, propofol induced obvious neuronal injury in rat hippocampus, while DEX at different doses reduced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and miR-34a expression but increased PSD95 expression in rat hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 102-105 microRNA 34a Rattus norvegicus 168-175 32001264-7 2020 KEY FINDINGS: In vivo experiments, propofol induced obvious neuronal injury in rat hippocampus, while DEX at different doses reduced hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and miR-34a expression but increased PSD95 expression in rat hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 102-105 discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 Rattus norvegicus 201-206 32001264-10 2020 The attenuation of neuronal injury achieved by DEX was impaired by over-expression of miR-34a. Dexmedetomidine 47-50 microRNA 34a Rattus norvegicus 86-93 32001264-12 2020 SIGNIFICANCE: DEX could inhibit propofol-induced neuronal injury in rat hippocampus by inhibiting miR-34a expression, upregulating SIRT1 and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 microRNA 34a Rattus norvegicus 98-105 32001264-12 2020 SIGNIFICANCE: DEX could inhibit propofol-induced neuronal injury in rat hippocampus by inhibiting miR-34a expression, upregulating SIRT1 and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 131-136 32001264-12 2020 SIGNIFICANCE: DEX could inhibit propofol-induced neuronal injury in rat hippocampus by inhibiting miR-34a expression, upregulating SIRT1 and activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 161-164 32317860-7 2020 Furthermore, in response to I/R, the DEX treatment reduced the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1 in the kidney tissues and the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 82-91 32317860-7 2020 Furthermore, in response to I/R, the DEX treatment reduced the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1 in the kidney tissues and the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 93-101 32317860-7 2020 Furthermore, in response to I/R, the DEX treatment reduced the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1 in the kidney tissues and the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 103-107 32317860-7 2020 Furthermore, in response to I/R, the DEX treatment reduced the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1 in the kidney tissues and the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 mast cell protease 1-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 113-118 32317860-7 2020 Furthermore, in response to I/R, the DEX treatment reduced the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1 in the kidney tissues and the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 165-174 32317860-7 2020 Furthermore, in response to I/R, the DEX treatment reduced the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1 in the kidney tissues and the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 176-184 32317860-7 2020 Furthermore, in response to I/R, the DEX treatment reduced the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1 in the kidney tissues and the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 186-190 32317860-7 2020 Furthermore, in response to I/R, the DEX treatment reduced the mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1 in the kidney tissues and the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 mast cell protease 1-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 196-201 32337274-12 2020 Dex decreased the apoptotic rate in the Model SE group (P < 0.05) and TRPV1 and caspase 3 expression in the Dex treatment group (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 108-111 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-75 32337274-12 2020 Dex decreased the apoptotic rate in the Model SE group (P < 0.05) and TRPV1 and caspase 3 expression in the Dex treatment group (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 108-111 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 80-89 32337274-13 2020 Interestingly, all these effects of Dex were partially counteracted by the TRPV1 agonist, capsaicin (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 36-39 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-80 32337274-14 2020 Our study showed that Dex exerted a neuroprotective effect in Pilo-induced SE rats by inhibiting TRPV1 expression and provided information for therapy to SE patients. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 97-102 32226705-9 2020 These results indicate that circ-Shank3 participate in the process of Dex improved POCD through regulating the P53 and NF-kappaB signaling pathways and may potentially facilitate POCD treatment through the development of clinical drugs. Dexmedetomidine 70-73 SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3 Rattus norvegicus 33-39 32226705-9 2020 These results indicate that circ-Shank3 participate in the process of Dex improved POCD through regulating the P53 and NF-kappaB signaling pathways and may potentially facilitate POCD treatment through the development of clinical drugs. Dexmedetomidine 70-73 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 111-114 32243083-10 2022 Compared with the model group, the amount of immunoglobulin was increased, inflammatory factor production was inhibited, proportions of T helper and regulatory T cells were reduced, pathological damage in mice spleen was ameliorated, COX-2 expression was inhibited, and phosphorylated-p65 (p-p65) was deactivated in the spleen of the mice treated with Dexmedetomidine (DEX) and Parecoxib. Dexmedetomidine 352-367 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Mus musculus 234-239 32243083-10 2022 Compared with the model group, the amount of immunoglobulin was increased, inflammatory factor production was inhibited, proportions of T helper and regulatory T cells were reduced, pathological damage in mice spleen was ameliorated, COX-2 expression was inhibited, and phosphorylated-p65 (p-p65) was deactivated in the spleen of the mice treated with Dexmedetomidine (DEX) and Parecoxib. Dexmedetomidine 369-372 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Mus musculus 234-239 32395527-0 2020 The JAK2/STAT3 pathway is involved in dexmedetomidine-induced myocardial protection in rats undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Dexmedetomidine 38-53 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 4-8 32395527-0 2020 The JAK2/STAT3 pathway is involved in dexmedetomidine-induced myocardial protection in rats undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Dexmedetomidine 38-53 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 9-14 32395527-8 2020 Moreover, qRT-PCR results revealed that dexmedetomidine administration reduced the expression of JAK2 and STAT3 mRNA (P<0.05); pJAK2 and pSTAT3 (P<0.05) protein levels were also reduced as assessed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 40-55 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 97-101 32395527-8 2020 Moreover, qRT-PCR results revealed that dexmedetomidine administration reduced the expression of JAK2 and STAT3 mRNA (P<0.05); pJAK2 and pSTAT3 (P<0.05) protein levels were also reduced as assessed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 40-55 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 106-111 32411754-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine promotes breast cancer cell migration through Rab11-mediated secretion of exosomal TMPRSS2. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family Mus musculus 62-67 32411754-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine promotes breast cancer cell migration through Rab11-mediated secretion of exosomal TMPRSS2. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 transmembrane protease, serine 2 Mus musculus 99-106 32411754-3 2020 This study investigated whether and how TMPRSS2 regulates migration of DEX-treated breast cancer cells. Dexmedetomidine 71-74 transmembrane protease, serine 2 Mus musculus 40-47 32411754-8 2020 Results: DEX significantly increased the migration of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, which was accompanied by the upregulation and colocalization of TMPRSS2 and alpha2-adrenergic receptor. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 transmembrane protease, serine 2 Mus musculus 140-147 32411754-9 2020 Nuclear phospho-STAT3Tyr705 was increased dramatically following DEX treatment, and TMPRSS2 upregulation was significantly suppressed by the STAT3 inhibitor WP1066. Dexmedetomidine 65-68 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Mus musculus 16-21 32411754-10 2020 Meanwhile, TMPRSS2 knockdown decreased DEX-induced cellular migration. Dexmedetomidine 39-42 transmembrane protease, serine 2 Mus musculus 11-18 32411754-11 2020 TMPRSS2 and Rab11 were significantly detected in the media and the isolated exosomes from DEX-treated cells, and their colocalization was also revealed. Dexmedetomidine 90-93 transmembrane protease, serine 2 Mus musculus 0-7 32411754-11 2020 TMPRSS2 and Rab11 were significantly detected in the media and the isolated exosomes from DEX-treated cells, and their colocalization was also revealed. Dexmedetomidine 90-93 RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family Mus musculus 12-17 32411754-12 2020 Rab11 knockdown prevented exosomal TMPRSS2 from increasing in DEX-treated cells. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family Mus musculus 0-5 32411754-12 2020 Rab11 knockdown prevented exosomal TMPRSS2 from increasing in DEX-treated cells. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 transmembrane protease, serine 2 Mus musculus 35-42 32411754-13 2020 In normal cultured MDA-MB-231, migration was increased by Rab11-positive exosomes isolated from DEX-treated MCF-7. Dexmedetomidine 96-99 RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family Mus musculus 58-63 32411754-15 2020 Additionally, a reduction in ECM components fibronectin, collagen IV, matrix metallopeptidase 16, and Tenascin C was detected after DEX treatment, but was prohibited when TMPRSS2 or Rab11 were knocked down. Dexmedetomidine 132-135 fibronectin 1 Mus musculus 44-55 32411754-15 2020 Additionally, a reduction in ECM components fibronectin, collagen IV, matrix metallopeptidase 16, and Tenascin C was detected after DEX treatment, but was prohibited when TMPRSS2 or Rab11 were knocked down. Dexmedetomidine 132-135 matrix metallopeptidase 16 Mus musculus 70-96 32411754-15 2020 Additionally, a reduction in ECM components fibronectin, collagen IV, matrix metallopeptidase 16, and Tenascin C was detected after DEX treatment, but was prohibited when TMPRSS2 or Rab11 were knocked down. Dexmedetomidine 132-135 tenascin C Mus musculus 102-112 32411754-15 2020 Additionally, a reduction in ECM components fibronectin, collagen IV, matrix metallopeptidase 16, and Tenascin C was detected after DEX treatment, but was prohibited when TMPRSS2 or Rab11 were knocked down. Dexmedetomidine 132-135 transmembrane protease, serine 2 Mus musculus 171-178 32411754-15 2020 Additionally, a reduction in ECM components fibronectin, collagen IV, matrix metallopeptidase 16, and Tenascin C was detected after DEX treatment, but was prohibited when TMPRSS2 or Rab11 were knocked down. Dexmedetomidine 132-135 RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family Mus musculus 182-187 32411754-16 2020 Conclusions: This study provides evidence that DEX upregulates TMPRSS2 expression via the activation of alpha2-adrenergic receptor/STAT3 signaling and promotes TMPRSS2 secretion in exosomes through Rab11, thus resulting in degradation of the ECM, which is responsible for DEX-induced migration of breast cancer cells. Dexmedetomidine 47-50 transmembrane protease, serine 2 Mus musculus 63-70 32411754-16 2020 Conclusions: This study provides evidence that DEX upregulates TMPRSS2 expression via the activation of alpha2-adrenergic receptor/STAT3 signaling and promotes TMPRSS2 secretion in exosomes through Rab11, thus resulting in degradation of the ECM, which is responsible for DEX-induced migration of breast cancer cells. Dexmedetomidine 47-50 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Mus musculus 131-136 32411754-16 2020 Conclusions: This study provides evidence that DEX upregulates TMPRSS2 expression via the activation of alpha2-adrenergic receptor/STAT3 signaling and promotes TMPRSS2 secretion in exosomes through Rab11, thus resulting in degradation of the ECM, which is responsible for DEX-induced migration of breast cancer cells. Dexmedetomidine 47-50 transmembrane protease, serine 2 Mus musculus 160-167 32411754-16 2020 Conclusions: This study provides evidence that DEX upregulates TMPRSS2 expression via the activation of alpha2-adrenergic receptor/STAT3 signaling and promotes TMPRSS2 secretion in exosomes through Rab11, thus resulting in degradation of the ECM, which is responsible for DEX-induced migration of breast cancer cells. Dexmedetomidine 47-50 RAB11A, member RAS oncogene family Mus musculus 198-203 32411754-16 2020 Conclusions: This study provides evidence that DEX upregulates TMPRSS2 expression via the activation of alpha2-adrenergic receptor/STAT3 signaling and promotes TMPRSS2 secretion in exosomes through Rab11, thus resulting in degradation of the ECM, which is responsible for DEX-induced migration of breast cancer cells. Dexmedetomidine 272-275 transmembrane protease, serine 2 Mus musculus 63-70 32256718-0 2020 Effect of ADRA2A gene polymorphisms on the anesthetic and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine in Chinese Han women with cesarean section. Dexmedetomidine 79-94 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 10-16 31917290-9 2020 In addition, DEX suppressed the expression of taurine, TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC and cleaved caspase-1 and activated the expression of p-AMPK and p-GSK3beta. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 thioredoxin interacting protein Homo sapiens 55-60 31917290-9 2020 In addition, DEX suppressed the expression of taurine, TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC and cleaved caspase-1 and activated the expression of p-AMPK and p-GSK3beta. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 62-67 31917290-9 2020 In addition, DEX suppressed the expression of taurine, TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC and cleaved caspase-1 and activated the expression of p-AMPK and p-GSK3beta. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 PYD and CARD domain containing Homo sapiens 69-72 31917290-9 2020 In addition, DEX suppressed the expression of taurine, TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC and cleaved caspase-1 and activated the expression of p-AMPK and p-GSK3beta. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 85-94 31917290-9 2020 In addition, DEX suppressed the expression of taurine, TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC and cleaved caspase-1 and activated the expression of p-AMPK and p-GSK3beta. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Homo sapiens 140-148 31917290-10 2020 However, those above changes could be reversed by Compound C. In conclusion, this study indicated that DEX could reduce the inflammation and apoptosis of DOX-induced myocardial cells through activating the AMPK-GSK3beta signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 103-106 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Homo sapiens 211-219 32256718-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine is clinically effective by acting on alpha2 adrenergic receptor and the impact of the adrenoceptor alpha2A gene (ADRA2A) polymorphisms on the anesthetic and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine is related to the clinical application of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 194-209 immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29 Homo sapiens 115-122 32256718-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine is clinically effective by acting on alpha2 adrenergic receptor and the impact of the adrenoceptor alpha2A gene (ADRA2A) polymorphisms on the anesthetic and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine is related to the clinical application of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 194-209 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 129-135 32256718-3 2020 The present study aimed to analyze the effects of the rs1800035, rs201376588 and rs775887911 locus single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the ADRA2A on the anesthetic and analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine in Chinese Han women. Dexmedetomidine 188-203 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 138-144 31726818-12 2020 Opioids or dexmedetomidine administration before ischemia increased sirtuin 2 expression and correlated with improved renal function. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 sirtuin 2 Rattus norvegicus 68-77 32200357-8 2020 Taken together, dexmedetomidine-induced increase in splenic TFF2 expresssion could alleviate SR-induced exaggeration of postoperative immunosuppression. Dexmedetomidine 16-31 trefoil factor 2 (spasmolytic protein 1) Mus musculus 60-64 32081723-10 2020 Furthermore, dexmedetomidine treatment during SR increased CD169+ macrophages infiltration into the CP, CSF and ischemic brain parenchyma, and promoted neurogenesis and functional recovery. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 1, sialoadhesin Mus musculus 59-64 32231179-0 2021 Dexmedetomidine alleviates lung injury in sepsis mice through regulating P38 MAPK signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 73-81 32086509-4 2020 SUMMARY: A MEDLINE literature search was performed to identify original research articles describing DWS and/or transitioning from dexmedetomidine to clonidine for the purpose of weaning patients from sedation with dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 215-230 DWS Homo sapiens 101-104 33487835-4 2020 This study was carried out to compare ketamine-dexmedetomidine (KD) combination with fentanyl-propofol (FP) combination on the release of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and outcome after coronary artery bypass graft. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 troponin T2, cardiac type Homo sapiens 138-156 33487835-4 2020 This study was carried out to compare ketamine-dexmedetomidine (KD) combination with fentanyl-propofol (FP) combination on the release of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and outcome after coronary artery bypass graft. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 troponin T2, cardiac type Homo sapiens 158-162 32210319-0 2020 GluN2A-selective positive allosteric modulator-nalmefene-flumazenil reverses ketamine-fentanyl-dexmedetomidine-induced anesthesia and analgesia in rats. Dexmedetomidine 95-110 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A Rattus norvegicus 0-6 32163856-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine inhibits the invasion, migration, and inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes by reducing the expression of NLRC5. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, CARD domain containing 5 Rattus norvegicus 150-155 32851338-11 2020 However, the increases of NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, IL-6, S-100beta and NSE levels were significantly smaller in the dexmedetomidine groups than those in the control group (P < 0.017). Dexmedetomidine 113-128 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 26-35 32851338-11 2020 However, the increases of NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, IL-6, S-100beta and NSE levels were significantly smaller in the dexmedetomidine groups than those in the control group (P < 0.017). Dexmedetomidine 113-128 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 37-46 32851338-11 2020 However, the increases of NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, IL-6, S-100beta and NSE levels were significantly smaller in the dexmedetomidine groups than those in the control group (P < 0.017). Dexmedetomidine 113-128 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 48-52 32851338-11 2020 However, the increases of NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, IL-6, S-100beta and NSE levels were significantly smaller in the dexmedetomidine groups than those in the control group (P < 0.017). Dexmedetomidine 113-128 S100 calcium binding protein A1 Homo sapiens 54-63 32851338-11 2020 However, the increases of NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, IL-6, S-100beta and NSE levels were significantly smaller in the dexmedetomidine groups than those in the control group (P < 0.017). Dexmedetomidine 113-128 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 68-71 32200357-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine alleviates sleep-restriction-mediated exaggeration of postoperative immunosuppression via splenic TFF2 in aged mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 trefoil factor 2 (spasmolytic protein 1) Mus musculus 114-118 32163856-5 2020 In adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rat models, DEX (10 mug/kg and 20 mug/kg) reduced the pathological score, the arthritis score, paw swelling volume, and the serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-17A, and TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 47-50 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 175-183 32163856-5 2020 In adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rat models, DEX (10 mug/kg and 20 mug/kg) reduced the pathological score, the arthritis score, paw swelling volume, and the serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-17A, and TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 47-50 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 185-189 32163856-5 2020 In adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rat models, DEX (10 mug/kg and 20 mug/kg) reduced the pathological score, the arthritis score, paw swelling volume, and the serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-17A, and TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 47-50 interleukin 17A Rattus norvegicus 191-197 32163856-5 2020 In adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rat models, DEX (10 mug/kg and 20 mug/kg) reduced the pathological score, the arthritis score, paw swelling volume, and the serum levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-17A, and TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 47-50 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 203-212 32163856-6 2020 Moreover, by using Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), it was demonstrated that DEX can inhibit the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, MMP-3, MMP-9 and P-P65 in the synovial tissue of AA rats. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 133-141 32163856-6 2020 Moreover, by using Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), it was demonstrated that DEX can inhibit the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, MMP-3, MMP-9 and P-P65 in the synovial tissue of AA rats. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 143-147 32163856-6 2020 Moreover, by using Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), it was demonstrated that DEX can inhibit the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, MMP-3, MMP-9 and P-P65 in the synovial tissue of AA rats. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 matrix metallopeptidase 3 Rattus norvegicus 149-154 32163856-6 2020 Moreover, by using Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), it was demonstrated that DEX can inhibit the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, MMP-3, MMP-9 and P-P65 in the synovial tissue of AA rats. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 156-161 32163856-7 2020 In human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs), DEX (250 nM and 500 nM) was found to inhibit the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, MMP-3, MMP-9, and P-P65 following stimulation with TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 70-73 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 133-141 32163856-7 2020 In human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs), DEX (250 nM and 500 nM) was found to inhibit the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, MMP-3, MMP-9, and P-P65 following stimulation with TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 70-73 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 143-147 32163856-7 2020 In human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs), DEX (250 nM and 500 nM) was found to inhibit the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, MMP-3, MMP-9, and P-P65 following stimulation with TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 70-73 matrix metallopeptidase 3 Homo sapiens 149-154 32163856-7 2020 In human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs), DEX (250 nM and 500 nM) was found to inhibit the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, MMP-3, MMP-9, and P-P65 following stimulation with TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 70-73 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 156-161 32163856-7 2020 In human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLSs), DEX (250 nM and 500 nM) was found to inhibit the expression of IL-1beta, IL-6, MMP-3, MMP-9, and P-P65 following stimulation with TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 70-73 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 200-209 32163856-8 2020 Moreover, DEX can inhibit the invasion and migration of RA-FLSs stimulated by TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 78-87 32163856-9 2020 Finally, the expression of NLRC5 in RA-FLSs and AA rat models was also reduced by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 82-85 NLR family, CARD domain containing 5 Rattus norvegicus 27-32 32163856-11 2020 These results indicate that DEX inhibits the invasion, migration, and inflammation of RA-FLSs by reducing the expression of NLRC5 and inhibiting the NF-kappaB activation. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 NLR family, CARD domain containing 5 Rattus norvegicus 124-129 32145512-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning alleviated murine liver ischemia and reperfusion injury by promoting macrophage M2 activation via PPARgamma/STAT3 signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 130-139 32145512-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning alleviated murine liver ischemia and reperfusion injury by promoting macrophage M2 activation via PPARgamma/STAT3 signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Mus musculus 140-145 32145512-9 2020 In vitro, dexmedetomidine pretreatment promoted BMDMs M2 activation, as evidenced by increased Arg1 and Mrc1 gene induction, decreased iNOS gene induction, inhibited phosphorated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (p-STAT1) but enhanced p-STAT6 expression, much lower levels of proinflammatory TNF-alpha and IL-6, and higher levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine secretion. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 arginase, liver Mus musculus 95-99 32145512-9 2020 In vitro, dexmedetomidine pretreatment promoted BMDMs M2 activation, as evidenced by increased Arg1 and Mrc1 gene induction, decreased iNOS gene induction, inhibited phosphorated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (p-STAT1) but enhanced p-STAT6 expression, much lower levels of proinflammatory TNF-alpha and IL-6, and higher levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine secretion. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 mannose receptor, C type 1 Mus musculus 104-108 32145512-9 2020 In vitro, dexmedetomidine pretreatment promoted BMDMs M2 activation, as evidenced by increased Arg1 and Mrc1 gene induction, decreased iNOS gene induction, inhibited phosphorated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (p-STAT1) but enhanced p-STAT6 expression, much lower levels of proinflammatory TNF-alpha and IL-6, and higher levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine secretion. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 135-139 32145512-9 2020 In vitro, dexmedetomidine pretreatment promoted BMDMs M2 activation, as evidenced by increased Arg1 and Mrc1 gene induction, decreased iNOS gene induction, inhibited phosphorated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (p-STAT1) but enhanced p-STAT6 expression, much lower levels of proinflammatory TNF-alpha and IL-6, and higher levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine secretion. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 Mus musculus 255-260 32145512-9 2020 In vitro, dexmedetomidine pretreatment promoted BMDMs M2 activation, as evidenced by increased Arg1 and Mrc1 gene induction, decreased iNOS gene induction, inhibited phosphorated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (p-STAT1) but enhanced p-STAT6 expression, much lower levels of proinflammatory TNF-alpha and IL-6, and higher levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine secretion. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 310-319 32145512-9 2020 In vitro, dexmedetomidine pretreatment promoted BMDMs M2 activation, as evidenced by increased Arg1 and Mrc1 gene induction, decreased iNOS gene induction, inhibited phosphorated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (p-STAT1) but enhanced p-STAT6 expression, much lower levels of proinflammatory TNF-alpha and IL-6, and higher levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine secretion. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 324-328 32145512-9 2020 In vitro, dexmedetomidine pretreatment promoted BMDMs M2 activation, as evidenced by increased Arg1 and Mrc1 gene induction, decreased iNOS gene induction, inhibited phosphorated-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (p-STAT1) but enhanced p-STAT6 expression, much lower levels of proinflammatory TNF-alpha and IL-6, and higher levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine secretion. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 369-374 32145512-10 2020 Signaling pathway analysis revealed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma)/ STAT3 activation was upregulated in BMDMs with dexmedetomidine pretreatment. Dexmedetomidine 150-165 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 41-89 32145512-10 2020 Signaling pathway analysis revealed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma)/ STAT3 activation was upregulated in BMDMs with dexmedetomidine pretreatment. Dexmedetomidine 150-165 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 91-100 32145512-10 2020 Signaling pathway analysis revealed that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma)/ STAT3 activation was upregulated in BMDMs with dexmedetomidine pretreatment. Dexmedetomidine 150-165 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Mus musculus 103-108 32145512-11 2020 Furthermore, PPARgamma knockdown by siRNA not only inhibited STAT3 activation but also abrogated the promotion effects of macrophage M2 activation in BMDMs pretreated with dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 172-187 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 13-22 32145512-13 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that dexmedetomidine preconditioning inhibited intrahepatic proinflammatory innate immune activation by promoting macrophage M2 activation in a PPARgamma/STAT3 dependent manner. Dexmedetomidine 39-54 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 178-187 32145512-13 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that dexmedetomidine preconditioning inhibited intrahepatic proinflammatory innate immune activation by promoting macrophage M2 activation in a PPARgamma/STAT3 dependent manner. Dexmedetomidine 39-54 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Mus musculus 188-193 32156136-7 2020 Dexmedetomidine infusion reduced the TNF-alpha, IL-1 level in blood samples and maintained the balance of proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 37-46 32156136-7 2020 Dexmedetomidine infusion reduced the TNF-alpha, IL-1 level in blood samples and maintained the balance of proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 48-52 32156136-7 2020 Dexmedetomidine infusion reduced the TNF-alpha, IL-1 level in blood samples and maintained the balance of proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 120-123 32156136-7 2020 Dexmedetomidine infusion reduced the TNF-alpha, IL-1 level in blood samples and maintained the balance of proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 129-132 31839625-10 2020 Dex regulates iron metabolism by regulating iron importers and exporters through JNK/Sp1 and Stat4/Sp1 signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 81-84 31839625-10 2020 Dex regulates iron metabolism by regulating iron importers and exporters through JNK/Sp1 and Stat4/Sp1 signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 Homo sapiens 93-98 32016445-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine alleviates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis via the alpha2AR/PI3K/AKT pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 135-143 32200357-7 2020 Dexmedetomidine improved SR-induced reduced protective ability against E. coli pneumonia via splenic TFF2, and subsequently decreasing IL-4 and IL-13 expression in the lung via modulating gut microbiota/SVN, increasing the compromised phagocytic activity of AMs, and ultimately decreasing M2 polarization of AMs. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 trefoil factor 2 (spasmolytic protein 1) Mus musculus 101-105 31954762-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly selective alpha-2-adrenergic agonist has been demonstrated to restore the impaired neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity in the dentate gyrus (DG) that follows neurological insult. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5 Mus musculus 42-49 31954762-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a highly selective alpha-2-adrenergic agonist has been demonstrated to restore the impaired neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity in the dentate gyrus (DG) that follows neurological insult. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5 Mus musculus 42-49 31954762-9 2020 We further confirmed that DEX pretreatment reversed the EtOH-induced microglia activation in the DG as well as the upregulation of the hippocampal TNFalpha, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-1beta mRNA levels. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 147-155 31954762-9 2020 We further confirmed that DEX pretreatment reversed the EtOH-induced microglia activation in the DG as well as the upregulation of the hippocampal TNFalpha, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-1beta mRNA levels. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 mast cell protease 1 Mus musculus 157-162 31954762-9 2020 We further confirmed that DEX pretreatment reversed the EtOH-induced microglia activation in the DG as well as the upregulation of the hippocampal TNFalpha, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-1beta mRNA levels. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 164-168 31954762-9 2020 We further confirmed that DEX pretreatment reversed the EtOH-induced microglia activation in the DG as well as the upregulation of the hippocampal TNFalpha, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-1beta mRNA levels. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 174-182 32184718-1 2019 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective alpha2-adrenergic agonist with sedative and analgesic properties, with minimal respiratory effects. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 44-50 32184718-1 2019 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective alpha2-adrenergic agonist with sedative and analgesic properties, with minimal respiratory effects. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 44-50 31674072-7 2020 Meanwhile, the expressions of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, chemokine c-X3-c-motif ligand 1, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 were greatly increased in CCI rats, but these effects were reversed by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 215-218 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 30-76 31674072-9 2020 Moreover, the RNA or protein expression levels of OX42 and GFAP were significantly increased in CCI rats, while Dex inhibited the expressions of OX42 and GFAP. Dexmedetomidine 112-115 glial fibrillary acidic protein Rattus norvegicus 154-158 32016469-7 2020 Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited the oxidative stress response and proinflammatory factor release caused by IIR compared with the normal saline group (MDA and SOD in lung and plasma, P<0.05; MPO, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in lung and plasma, P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 18-33 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 219-222 32016469-7 2020 Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited the oxidative stress response and proinflammatory factor release caused by IIR compared with the normal saline group (MDA and SOD in lung and plasma, P<0.05; MPO, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in lung and plasma, P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 18-33 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 224-232 32016469-7 2020 Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited the oxidative stress response and proinflammatory factor release caused by IIR compared with the normal saline group (MDA and SOD in lung and plasma, P<0.05; MPO, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in lung and plasma, P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 18-33 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 237-246 32016469-9 2020 Investigations into the molecular mechanism revealed that dexmedetomidine increased the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 via activating alpha2 adrenergic receptors compared with the normal saline group. Dexmedetomidine 58-73 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 109-113 32016469-9 2020 Investigations into the molecular mechanism revealed that dexmedetomidine increased the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 via activating alpha2 adrenergic receptors compared with the normal saline group. Dexmedetomidine 58-73 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 118-122 32016469-10 2020 The antagonism of alpha2 adrenergic receptors may reverse the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on lung injury during IIR, including decreasing the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1, elevating the oxidative stress response and increasing the proinflammatory factor release. Dexmedetomidine 83-98 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 172-176 32016469-10 2020 The antagonism of alpha2 adrenergic receptors may reverse the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on lung injury during IIR, including decreasing the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1, elevating the oxidative stress response and increasing the proinflammatory factor release. Dexmedetomidine 83-98 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 181-185 32016469-12 2020 The Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway may serve a function in the protective effect of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 81-96 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 4-8 32016469-12 2020 The Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway may serve a function in the protective effect of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 81-96 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 32158395-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Enhancing Autophagy Through Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-137 32158395-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Protects Against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Enhancing Autophagy Through Inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 138-142 32158395-10 2020 DEX decreased the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre), urine kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis proteins (such as cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 82-106 32158395-10 2020 DEX decreased the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre), urine kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis proteins (such as cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 108-113 32158395-10 2020 DEX decreased the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre), urine kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis proteins (such as cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 lipocalin 2 Rattus norvegicus 116-158 32158395-10 2020 DEX decreased the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre), urine kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis proteins (such as cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 lipocalin 2 Rattus norvegicus 160-164 32158395-10 2020 DEX decreased the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre), urine kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis proteins (such as cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 238-247 32158395-11 2020 However, DEX upregulated the levels of autophagy and mitophagy proteins, such as Beclin-1, LC3 II and PINK1. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 beclin 1 Rattus norvegicus 81-89 32158395-11 2020 However, DEX upregulated the levels of autophagy and mitophagy proteins, such as Beclin-1, LC3 II and PINK1. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 PTEN induced kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 102-107 32158395-13 2020 To promote autophagy, DEX inhibited the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 72-75 32158395-13 2020 To promote autophagy, DEX inhibited the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 81-85 32158395-16 2020 DEX enhances autophagy, which results in the removal of damaged mitochondria and reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis in LPS-induced AKI through the alpha2-AR and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 151-160 32158395-16 2020 DEX enhances autophagy, which results in the removal of damaged mitochondria and reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis in LPS-induced AKI through the alpha2-AR and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 188-191 32016445-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine alleviates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis via the alpha2AR/PI3K/AKT pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 149-152 32158395-16 2020 DEX enhances autophagy, which results in the removal of damaged mitochondria and reduces oxidative stress and apoptosis in LPS-induced AKI through the alpha2-AR and inhibition of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 192-196 32016445-3 2020 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a potent alpha2 adrenergic agonist, has been reported to exert protective effects against AKI. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C Rattus norvegicus 32-38 32016445-3 2020 Dexmedetomidine (Dex), a potent alpha2 adrenergic agonist, has been reported to exert protective effects against AKI. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C Rattus norvegicus 32-38 32016445-14 2020 Furthermore, the expression levels of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, C/EBP homologous protein and caspase-12, and the apoptotic rate in the kidney were decreased following Dex treatment. Dexmedetomidine 175-178 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 38-70 32016445-14 2020 Furthermore, the expression levels of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, C/EBP homologous protein and caspase-12, and the apoptotic rate in the kidney were decreased following Dex treatment. Dexmedetomidine 175-178 caspase 12 Rattus norvegicus 101-111 32016445-17 2020 In conclusion, Dex may alleviate CP-induced AKI by attenuating ERS-induced apoptosis, at least in part, via the alpha2AR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 adenosine A2a receptor Rattus norvegicus 112-120 32016445-17 2020 In conclusion, Dex may alleviate CP-induced AKI by attenuating ERS-induced apoptosis, at least in part, via the alpha2AR/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 126-129 32104150-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Monocyte-Endothelial Adherence via Inhibiting Connexin43 on Vascular Endothelial Cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 gap junction protein alpha 1 Homo sapiens 73-83 31796207-3 2020 In an effort to elucidate whether modulatory effect of dexmedetomidine on TRPV1 activity could be the potential peripheral mechanism underlying the antinociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine, intracellular calcium concentration after capsaicin application was investigated in mice dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, with and without pretreatment of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 55-70 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Mus musculus 74-79 31796207-3 2020 In an effort to elucidate whether modulatory effect of dexmedetomidine on TRPV1 activity could be the potential peripheral mechanism underlying the antinociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine, intracellular calcium concentration after capsaicin application was investigated in mice dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, with and without pretreatment of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 174-189 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Mus musculus 74-79 31796207-3 2020 In an effort to elucidate whether modulatory effect of dexmedetomidine on TRPV1 activity could be the potential peripheral mechanism underlying the antinociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine, intracellular calcium concentration after capsaicin application was investigated in mice dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, with and without pretreatment of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 174-189 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Mus musculus 74-79 31796207-7 2020 In summary, these results suggested the inhibition of TRPV1 expressed in the primary sensory neurons as a potential mechanism that contributes to the anti-nociceptive action of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 177-192 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Mus musculus 54-59 31999428-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine alleviates neurogenesis damage following neonatal midazolam exposure in rats through JNK and P38 MAPK pathways. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 101-104 31999428-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine alleviates neurogenesis damage following neonatal midazolam exposure in rats through JNK and P38 MAPK pathways. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 109-112 31999428-15 2020 These results indicate that dexmedetomidine alleviated midazolam-induced neurogenesis damage via JNK and P38 MAPK pathways. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 97-100 31999428-15 2020 These results indicate that dexmedetomidine alleviated midazolam-induced neurogenesis damage via JNK and P38 MAPK pathways. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 105-108 32034118-0 2020 The Effects of Dexmedetomidine in a Rat Model of Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury are Mediated Through the Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)/Silent Information Regulator 1 (SIRT1) Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 101-149 32034118-0 2020 The Effects of Dexmedetomidine in a Rat Model of Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury are Mediated Through the Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)/Silent Information Regulator 1 (SIRT1) Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 151-155 32034118-0 2020 The Effects of Dexmedetomidine in a Rat Model of Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury are Mediated Through the Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)/Silent Information Regulator 1 (SIRT1) Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 157-187 32034118-0 2020 The Effects of Dexmedetomidine in a Rat Model of Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury are Mediated Through the Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK)/Silent Information Regulator 1 (SIRT1) Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 189-194 32034118-7 2020 RESULTS Dexmedetomidine significantly increased the survival rate and reduced the body temperature of rats in the model group with sepsis-induced lung injury, reduced lung injury, significantly reduced apoptosis in lung tissues, and reduced the expression levels of TNF-alpha, and IL-1ss, and increased the levels of IL-10. Dexmedetomidine 8-23 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 266-275 32034118-7 2020 RESULTS Dexmedetomidine significantly increased the survival rate and reduced the body temperature of rats in the model group with sepsis-induced lung injury, reduced lung injury, significantly reduced apoptosis in lung tissues, and reduced the expression levels of TNF-alpha, and IL-1ss, and increased the levels of IL-10. Dexmedetomidine 8-23 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 317-322 32034118-8 2020 Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the expression of caspase-3 in the rat lung tissue (P<0.01), and significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, SIRT1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and forkhead box class O 3a (FOXO3a). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 56-65 32034118-8 2020 Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the expression of caspase-3 in the rat lung tissue (P<0.01), and significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, SIRT1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and forkhead box class O 3a (FOXO3a). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 145-150 32034118-8 2020 Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the expression of caspase-3 in the rat lung tissue (P<0.01), and significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, SIRT1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and forkhead box class O 3a (FOXO3a). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 151-154 32034118-8 2020 Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the expression of caspase-3 in the rat lung tissue (P<0.01), and significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, SIRT1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and forkhead box class O 3a (FOXO3a). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 189-193 32034118-8 2020 Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the expression of caspase-3 in the rat lung tissue (P<0.01), and significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, SIRT1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and forkhead box class O 3a (FOXO3a). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 195-200 32034118-8 2020 Dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the expression of caspase-3 in the rat lung tissue (P<0.01), and significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2/Bax and the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, SIRT1, nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), and forkhead box class O 3a (FOXO3a). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 forkhead box O3 Rattus norvegicus 266-272 32034118-9 2020 CONCLUSIONS In a rat model of sepsis-induced lung injury, dexmedetomidine reduced lung damage by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway and reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 58-73 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 112-116 32034118-9 2020 CONCLUSIONS In a rat model of sepsis-induced lung injury, dexmedetomidine reduced lung damage by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway and reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and cell apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 58-73 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-122 32116751-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Exerted Anti-arrhythmic Effects in Rat With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy via Upregulation of Connexin 43 and Reduction of Fibrosis and Inflammation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 104-115 32116751-7 2020 Dex inhibited the generation of collagens, cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators in rats with ICM via the suppression of NF-kappaB activation and increased the distribution of connexin 43 (Cx43) via phosphorylation of adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 182-193 32116751-7 2020 Dex inhibited the generation of collagens, cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators in rats with ICM via the suppression of NF-kappaB activation and increased the distribution of connexin 43 (Cx43) via phosphorylation of adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 195-199 32116751-10 2020 Conclusion: Dex conferred anti-arrhythmic effects in the context of ICM via upregulation of Cx43 and suppression of inflammation and fibrosis. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 32076394-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine May Reduce IL-6 Level and the Risk of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients After Surgery: A Meta-Analysis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 27-31 32174773-8 2020 Results: Cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells were significantly less expressed in dexmedetomidine and propofol groups, compared with the corresponding control groups [34.08 +- 5.63% in the dexmedetomidine group vs. 59.74 +- 8.64% in the CD group, p < 0.05; 25.28 +- 7.28% in the propofol group vs. 61.12 +- 2.70% in the Cp group, p < 0.05]. Dexmedetomidine 88-103 CD4 antigen Mus musculus 36-41 32174773-8 2020 Results: Cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells were significantly less expressed in dexmedetomidine and propofol groups, compared with the corresponding control groups [34.08 +- 5.63% in the dexmedetomidine group vs. 59.74 +- 8.64% in the CD group, p < 0.05; 25.28 +- 7.28% in the propofol group vs. 61.12 +- 2.70% in the Cp group, p < 0.05]. Dexmedetomidine 195-210 CD4 antigen Mus musculus 36-41 32174773-9 2020 Apoptosis of CD4+ T cells was increased significantly in dexmedetomidine and propofol groups, compared with the corresponding control groups. Dexmedetomidine 57-72 CD4 antigen Mus musculus 13-16 32174773-10 2020 Histopathological findings of liver and kidneys did not show any specific differences of any of three intravenous anesthetic agents groups with their corresponding control groups, although immunohistochemical examination indicated significantly lower expression of Toll-like receptor-4 from liver and kidneys in dexmedetomidine and propofol groups. Dexmedetomidine 312-327 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 265-285 32174773-12 2020 Conclusion: Repetitive exposure to dexmedetomidine and propofol reduced the expression of CD4+ T cells but did not induce any significant liver or kidney injuries. Dexmedetomidine 35-50 CD4 antigen Mus musculus 90-93 31631367-0 2020 Co-administration of N-acetylcysteine and dexmedetomidine plays a synergistic effect on protection of LPS-induced acute lung injury via correcting Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines imbalance. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 147-150 31631367-0 2020 Co-administration of N-acetylcysteine and dexmedetomidine plays a synergistic effect on protection of LPS-induced acute lung injury via correcting Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines imbalance. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 151-154 31631367-10 2020 ALI-induced lung morphological damage, edema and aberrant MPO activity can be attenuated by NAC or DEX and mostly by NAC+DEX. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 58-61 31631367-10 2020 ALI-induced lung morphological damage, edema and aberrant MPO activity can be attenuated by NAC or DEX and mostly by NAC+DEX. Dexmedetomidine 121-124 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 58-61 31631367-15 2020 Combination of NAC with DEX obtained a maximum effect on decreasing Galectin-9/Tim-3 expression. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9 Mus musculus 68-78 31631367-15 2020 Combination of NAC with DEX obtained a maximum effect on decreasing Galectin-9/Tim-3 expression. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 Mus musculus 79-84 31631367-17 2020 NAC or DEX administration can attenuate ALI by rebalancing Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines. Dexmedetomidine 7-10 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 59-62 31631367-17 2020 NAC or DEX administration can attenuate ALI by rebalancing Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokines. Dexmedetomidine 7-10 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Mus musculus 63-66 31631367-18 2020 Their protective roles can be enhanced when co-administration, because DEX may relieve the Galectin-9/Tim-3 axis-mediated immune suppression. Dexmedetomidine 71-74 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 9 Mus musculus 91-101 31631367-18 2020 Their protective roles can be enhanced when co-administration, because DEX may relieve the Galectin-9/Tim-3 axis-mediated immune suppression. Dexmedetomidine 71-74 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 Mus musculus 102-107 31714323-11 2020 The concentration of S100beta at 48 hours after surgery was higher in patients sedated with propofol than patients received dexmedetomidine sedation. Dexmedetomidine 124-139 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 21-29 32104150-12 2020 Dexmedetomidine pretreatment inhibited Cx43 on HUVECs, the activation of MAPKs, and U937-HUVEC adhesion. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 gap junction protein alpha 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 32104150-13 2020 Therefore, we conclude that dexmedetomidine attenuates U937-HUVEC adhesion via inhibiting Cx43 on HUVECs modulating the activation of MAPK signaling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 gap junction protein alpha 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 31823113-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Inhibits Neuroinflammation by Altering Microglial M1/M2 Polarization Through MAPK/ERK Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 98-101 31678237-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine pretreatment attenuates isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity via inhibiting the TLR2/NF-kappaB signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 31678237-2 2020 In our study, we explored the effects of Dex on isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity through the TLR2/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 toll-like receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 93-97 31678237-5 2020 Besides, TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 or NF-kappaB inhibitor BAY11-7082 was injected to further validate the involvement of TLR2/NF-kappaB signaling following Dex treatment. Dexmedetomidine 152-155 toll-like receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 117-121 31678237-7 2020 Dex led to decreased inflammation, improved neuronal structure and viability in rats as well as enhanced spatial learning and memory abilities of rats, and it inactivated the TLR2/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 toll-like receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 175-179 31678237-9 2020 In conclusion, this study provided evidence that Dex could alleviate isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity through inhibition of the TLR2/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 49-52 toll-like receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 128-132 31834821-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Exerts Brain-Protective Effects Under Cardiopulmonary Bypass Through Inhibiting the Janus Kinase 2/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 100-114 31834821-8 2020 However, after DEX treatment, the neuron cells arranged in an orderly manner, and the levels of IL-6, IL-10, S100beta, NSE, Cleaved Caspase-3, and Bax were downregulated, but Bal-2 level was upregulated. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 96-100 31834821-8 2020 However, after DEX treatment, the neuron cells arranged in an orderly manner, and the levels of IL-6, IL-10, S100beta, NSE, Cleaved Caspase-3, and Bax were downregulated, but Bal-2 level was upregulated. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 102-107 31834821-8 2020 However, after DEX treatment, the neuron cells arranged in an orderly manner, and the levels of IL-6, IL-10, S100beta, NSE, Cleaved Caspase-3, and Bax were downregulated, but Bal-2 level was upregulated. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 S100 calcium binding protein B Rattus norvegicus 109-117 31834821-8 2020 However, after DEX treatment, the neuron cells arranged in an orderly manner, and the levels of IL-6, IL-10, S100beta, NSE, Cleaved Caspase-3, and Bax were downregulated, but Bal-2 level was upregulated. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 enolase 2 Rattus norvegicus 119-122 31834821-8 2020 However, after DEX treatment, the neuron cells arranged in an orderly manner, and the levels of IL-6, IL-10, S100beta, NSE, Cleaved Caspase-3, and Bax were downregulated, but Bal-2 level was upregulated. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 147-150 31834821-9 2020 DEX suppressed Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway activated by CPB, ameliorated CPB-induced brain injury in rats by reducing inflammatory response, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 15-29 31834821-9 2020 DEX suppressed Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway activated by CPB, ameliorated CPB-induced brain injury in rats by reducing inflammatory response, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 31-35 31834821-9 2020 DEX suppressed Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway activated by CPB, ameliorated CPB-induced brain injury in rats by reducing inflammatory response, and inhibited neuronal apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 91-96 31834821-10 2020 The brain-protective effect of DEX may be related to the inhibition of the activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 89-93 31834821-10 2020 The brain-protective effect of DEX may be related to the inhibition of the activation of JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 94-99 31823113-14 2020 We, for the first time, showed that dexmedetomidine increases microglial M2 polarization by inhibiting phosphorylation of ERK1/2, by which it exerts anti-inflammatory effects in BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 122-128 31823113-12 2020 Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine attenuated LPS-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 71-74 31823113-12 2020 Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine attenuated LPS-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 76-80 31823113-12 2020 Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine attenuated LPS-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 82-91 31823113-12 2020 Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine attenuated LPS-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 mannose receptor, C type 1 Mus musculus 97-102 31823113-12 2020 Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine attenuated LPS-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 107-112 31823113-13 2020 However, co-treatment with dexmedetomidine and LM22B-10, an agonist of ERK, reversed dexmedetomidine-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 71-74 31823113-13 2020 However, co-treatment with dexmedetomidine and LM22B-10, an agonist of ERK, reversed dexmedetomidine-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 123-126 31823113-13 2020 However, co-treatment with dexmedetomidine and LM22B-10, an agonist of ERK, reversed dexmedetomidine-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 128-132 31823113-13 2020 However, co-treatment with dexmedetomidine and LM22B-10, an agonist of ERK, reversed dexmedetomidine-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 134-143 31823113-13 2020 However, co-treatment with dexmedetomidine and LM22B-10, an agonist of ERK, reversed dexmedetomidine-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 mannose receptor, C type 1 Mus musculus 149-154 32031091-2 2020 However, dexmedetomidine an alpha2-adrenergic agent has been found to possess analgesic effect. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 28-34 31823113-13 2020 However, co-treatment with dexmedetomidine and LM22B-10, an agonist of ERK, reversed dexmedetomidine-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 159-164 31823113-13 2020 However, co-treatment with dexmedetomidine and LM22B-10, an agonist of ERK, reversed dexmedetomidine-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 85-100 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 71-74 31823113-13 2020 However, co-treatment with dexmedetomidine and LM22B-10, an agonist of ERK, reversed dexmedetomidine-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 85-100 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 123-126 31823113-13 2020 However, co-treatment with dexmedetomidine and LM22B-10, an agonist of ERK, reversed dexmedetomidine-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 85-100 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 128-132 31823113-13 2020 However, co-treatment with dexmedetomidine and LM22B-10, an agonist of ERK, reversed dexmedetomidine-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 85-100 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 134-143 31823113-13 2020 However, co-treatment with dexmedetomidine and LM22B-10, an agonist of ERK, reversed dexmedetomidine-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 85-100 mannose receptor, C type 1 Mus musculus 149-154 31823113-13 2020 However, co-treatment with dexmedetomidine and LM22B-10, an agonist of ERK, reversed dexmedetomidine-elicited changes in p-ERK, iNOS, TNF-alpha, NO, CD206 and IL-10 levels in LPS-exposed BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 85-100 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 159-164 31966044-0 2020 Effect of dexmedetomidine on the cognitive function of patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 121-124 31869482-1 2020 A 12 kg infant was given intravenous dexmedetomidine 0.2 microg.kg-1 .min-1 as an adjunct for general anaesthesia. Dexmedetomidine 37-52 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 70-75 31966044-1 2020 Effect of dexmedetomidine on the cognitive function of patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery by regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway was investigated. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta Homo sapiens 116-141 31966044-1 2020 Effect of dexmedetomidine on the cognitive function of patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery by regulating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway was investigated. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 149-152 31966044-13 2020 Dexmedetomidine can effectively reduce the expression levels of postoperative inflammatory factors in patients undergoing gastric cancer surgery, improve the postoperative cognitive function by regulating PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and promotes the recovery of postoperative cognitive function. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 210-213 31914454-8 2020 The results indicated that both bleeding score and values of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were significantly lower in patients receiving dexmedetomidine (SMD 1.65 with 95% CI [0.90,2.41], P<0.00001) compared to the patients receiving magnesium. Dexmedetomidine 157-172 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D1 polypeptide Homo sapiens 174-179 32007239-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist, may reduce AKI because of its sympatholytic and anti-inflammatory effects against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 29-36 31914454-9 2020 The effect in decreasing the necessity of using opioid/analgesia was affirmative in dexmedetomidine group (29.13% with magnesium vs 10.78% with dexmedetomidine), and the condition was more favorable in magnesium group in reducing recovery period (SMD -1.98 with 95% CI [-4.27,0.30], P = 0.09). Dexmedetomidine 84-99 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D1 polypeptide Homo sapiens 247-253 31773760-0 2020 Nrf2 mediates the antinociceptive activity of dexmedetomidine in an acute inflammatory visceral pain rat model by activating the NF-kappaB sensor. Dexmedetomidine 46-61 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 31912804-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Post-Conditioning Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inhibiting High Mobility Group Protein B1 Group (HMGB1)/Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 104-140 31912804-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Post-Conditioning Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inhibiting High Mobility Group Protein B1 Group (HMGB1)/Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 142-147 31912804-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Post-Conditioning Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inhibiting High Mobility Group Protein B1 Group (HMGB1)/Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 149-169 31912804-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine Post-Conditioning Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats by Inhibiting High Mobility Group Protein B1 Group (HMGB1)/Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 171-175 31912804-3 2020 In this study, the effects of dexmedetomidine post-conditioning on the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats was explored. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 71-76 31912804-3 2020 In this study, the effects of dexmedetomidine post-conditioning on the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rats was explored. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 77-81 31912804-10 2020 CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine post-conditioning can alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 123-128 31912804-10 2020 CONCLUSIONS Dexmedetomidine post-conditioning can alleviate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting the HMGB1/TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 129-133 31937078-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through PI3K/AKT/GSK-3beta signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 84-87 31937078-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through PI3K/AKT/GSK-3beta signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 88-97 31810122-14 2020 The diaphragmatic lipid peroxidation adducts 4-HNE and HIF-1alpha levels were significantly lower in dexmedetomidine group and propofol group compared to midazolam group (p < 0.05, respectively). Dexmedetomidine 101-116 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 55-65 31773760-8 2020 The DEX group exhibited a significant downregulation in Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 signal activation compared with the model group. Dexmedetomidine 4-7 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 56-60 31773760-8 2020 The DEX group exhibited a significant downregulation in Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 signal activation compared with the model group. Dexmedetomidine 4-7 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 61-66 31773760-8 2020 The DEX group exhibited a significant downregulation in Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 signal activation compared with the model group. Dexmedetomidine 4-7 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 31773760-9 2020 Furthermore, we used the Nrf2-/- knockout AIVP rat model to determine the role of Nrf2 in the antinociceptive effect of DEX. Dexmedetomidine 120-123 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 82-86 31773760-10 2020 We observed that the Nrf2 knockout blocked the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal transduction and partially abated the antinociceptive and the anti-inflammatory effects of DEX. Dexmedetomidine 161-164 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 21-25 31773760-10 2020 We observed that the Nrf2 knockout blocked the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal transduction and partially abated the antinociceptive and the anti-inflammatory effects of DEX. Dexmedetomidine 161-164 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-52 31773760-13 2020 In summary, our results suggested that Nrf2 signalling plays an important role in the antinociceptive effect of DEX in the AIVP rat model and that Nrf2 exerts its function by enhancing the activation of the NF-kappaB sensor. Dexmedetomidine 112-115 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 39-43 31773760-17 2020 Further, DEX inhibited the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, which was activated by acetic acid treatment. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-32 31773760-17 2020 Further, DEX inhibited the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, which was activated by acetic acid treatment. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 33-37 31773760-18 2020 We suggest that suppressing the inflammatory response could partially regulate the antinociceptive effect of DEX through Nrf2-mediated NF-kappaB activation associated with AIVP. Dexmedetomidine 109-112 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 121-125 31774572-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine prevents desflurane-induced motor neuron death through NF-KappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 71-80 31683467-1 2020 OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on cerebral oxygen saturation [Sct(O2)] and postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing minimally invasive coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Dexmedetomidine 58-73 secretin Homo sapiens 105-108 32065090-9 2020 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine improved the cognitive decline induced by LPS. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 67-70 32065090-10 2020 Dexmedetomidine reduced the level of hippocampal IL-6, and it attenuated the increase in their levels caused by LPS. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 49-53 32065090-10 2020 Dexmedetomidine reduced the level of hippocampal IL-6, and it attenuated the increase in their levels caused by LPS. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 112-115 31683467-10 2020 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine can alleviate the decrease of Sct(O2) during single-lung ventilation, improve postoperative cognitive function, and reduce the incidence of POCD in elderly patients with minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 secretin Homo sapiens 58-61 31909644-8 2020 Treatment with Dex increased the SOD1, SOD2, GPx1, and GPx2 expression in H9C2 cells in OGD/R, while Na2SeO3 increased the GPx1-4 and TrxR1-3 mRNA levels. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-37 31643023-8 2020 Moreover, the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was increased, whereas the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax was decreased by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 141-144 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 120-123 31643023-12 2020 Mechanically, Dex blocked Dox-induced the ubiquitination of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1alpha), leading to the restoration of PGC-1alpha and downstream oxidative stress-protective molecules uncoupling protein 2 and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase expression. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 60-128 31643023-12 2020 Mechanically, Dex blocked Dox-induced the ubiquitination of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1alpha), leading to the restoration of PGC-1alpha and downstream oxidative stress-protective molecules uncoupling protein 2 and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase expression. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 130-140 31643023-12 2020 Mechanically, Dex blocked Dox-induced the ubiquitination of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1alpha), leading to the restoration of PGC-1alpha and downstream oxidative stress-protective molecules uncoupling protein 2 and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase expression. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 173-183 31643023-13 2020 Taken together, this study demonstrates that Dex exerts cardioprotection against Dox cardiotoxicity by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis via inhibiting PGC-1alpha-signaling pathway inactivation. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 203-213 31679138-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine alleviates insulin resistance in hepatocytes by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 insulin Homo sapiens 27-34 31679138-1 2020 PURPOSE: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) stabilizes intraoperative blood glucose levels and reduces insulin resistance (IR), a common perioperative complication. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 insulin Homo sapiens 90-97 31679138-1 2020 PURPOSE: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) stabilizes intraoperative blood glucose levels and reduces insulin resistance (IR), a common perioperative complication. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 insulin Homo sapiens 90-97 31679138-6 2020 Insulin-resistant hepatocytes were cultured with different concentrations of DEX for 24 h, and the glucose concentration in the supernatant was measured. Dexmedetomidine 77-80 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 31679138-11 2020 Elevated mRNA and protein levels of ERS markers binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP) and ER protein 29 (ERp29), were reversed by DEX treatment. Dexmedetomidine 129-132 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Homo sapiens 80-83 31679138-11 2020 Elevated mRNA and protein levels of ERS markers binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP) and ER protein 29 (ERp29), were reversed by DEX treatment. Dexmedetomidine 129-132 endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 Homo sapiens 89-102 31679138-11 2020 Elevated mRNA and protein levels of ERS markers binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP) and ER protein 29 (ERp29), were reversed by DEX treatment. Dexmedetomidine 129-132 endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 Homo sapiens 104-109 31679138-12 2020 Moreover, reduced p-AKT and increased PEPCK and G6Pase protein levels in IR hepatocytes were also restored following DEX treatment. Dexmedetomidine 117-120 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 20-23 31679138-12 2020 Moreover, reduced p-AKT and increased PEPCK and G6Pase protein levels in IR hepatocytes were also restored following DEX treatment. Dexmedetomidine 117-120 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 38-43 31679138-12 2020 Moreover, reduced p-AKT and increased PEPCK and G6Pase protein levels in IR hepatocytes were also restored following DEX treatment. Dexmedetomidine 117-120 glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Homo sapiens 48-54 31679138-13 2020 CONCLUSION: DEX may alleviate IR in hepatocytes by reducing ERS serving to restore insulin action via the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 insulin Homo sapiens 83-90 31679138-13 2020 CONCLUSION: DEX may alleviate IR in hepatocytes by reducing ERS serving to restore insulin action via the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 insulin receptor substrate 1 Homo sapiens 106-111 31679138-13 2020 CONCLUSION: DEX may alleviate IR in hepatocytes by reducing ERS serving to restore insulin action via the IRS-1/PI3K/AKT pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 117-120 31909644-8 2020 Treatment with Dex increased the SOD1, SOD2, GPx1, and GPx2 expression in H9C2 cells in OGD/R, while Na2SeO3 increased the GPx1-4 and TrxR1-3 mRNA levels. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 39-43 32174664-2 2020 The alpha 2 agonist dexmedetomidine may blunt this stress response, but the optimal dose which will accomplish this without causing hypotension and bradycardia is not well established. Dexmedetomidine 20-35 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 4-11 31909644-8 2020 Treatment with Dex increased the SOD1, SOD2, GPx1, and GPx2 expression in H9C2 cells in OGD/R, while Na2SeO3 increased the GPx1-4 and TrxR1-3 mRNA levels. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-49 31909644-8 2020 Treatment with Dex increased the SOD1, SOD2, GPx1, and GPx2 expression in H9C2 cells in OGD/R, while Na2SeO3 increased the GPx1-4 and TrxR1-3 mRNA levels. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 glutathione peroxidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 55-59 31909644-10 2020 Dex treatment attenuated the activation of JNK, p65 (NF-kappaB), Camk1, and NLRP3 signals. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 synaptotagmin 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-51 31909644-10 2020 Dex treatment attenuated the activation of JNK, p65 (NF-kappaB), Camk1, and NLRP3 signals. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase I Rattus norvegicus 65-70 31909644-10 2020 Dex treatment attenuated the activation of JNK, p65 (NF-kappaB), Camk1, and NLRP3 signals. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 76-81 31909644-11 2020 Na2SeO3 enhanced the inhibitory effect of Dex on phosphorylated (p)-p65, p65, and NLRP3 in OGD/R. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 synaptotagmin 1 Rattus norvegicus 68-71 31909644-11 2020 Na2SeO3 enhanced the inhibitory effect of Dex on phosphorylated (p)-p65, p65, and NLRP3 in OGD/R. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 synaptotagmin 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-76 31909644-11 2020 Na2SeO3 enhanced the inhibitory effect of Dex on phosphorylated (p)-p65, p65, and NLRP3 in OGD/R. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 82-87 31680420-0 2020 Dexmedetomidine post-treatment attenuates cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting apoptosis through HIF-1alpha signalling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 111-121 31680420-2 2020 This study aimed to investigate whether post-treatment with dexmedetomidine (DEX) could protect against I/R-induced cardiac apoptosis in vivo and in vitro via regulating HIF-1alpha signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 60-75 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 170-180 31680420-2 2020 This study aimed to investigate whether post-treatment with dexmedetomidine (DEX) could protect against I/R-induced cardiac apoptosis in vivo and in vitro via regulating HIF-1alpha signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 77-80 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 170-180 31680420-4 2020 Dexmedetomidine administration at the beginning of reperfusion or reoxygenation attenuated I/R-induced myocardial injury or H/R-induced cell death, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, inhibited the activation of HIF-1alpha and modulated the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins including BCL-2, BAX, BNIP3, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 262-272 31680420-4 2020 Dexmedetomidine administration at the beginning of reperfusion or reoxygenation attenuated I/R-induced myocardial injury or H/R-induced cell death, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, inhibited the activation of HIF-1alpha and modulated the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins including BCL-2, BAX, BNIP3, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 343-348 31680420-4 2020 Dexmedetomidine administration at the beginning of reperfusion or reoxygenation attenuated I/R-induced myocardial injury or H/R-induced cell death, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, inhibited the activation of HIF-1alpha and modulated the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins including BCL-2, BAX, BNIP3, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 350-353 31680420-4 2020 Dexmedetomidine administration at the beginning of reperfusion or reoxygenation attenuated I/R-induced myocardial injury or H/R-induced cell death, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, inhibited the activation of HIF-1alpha and modulated the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins including BCL-2, BAX, BNIP3, cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2 interacting protein 3 Rattus norvegicus 355-360 31680420-5 2020 Conversely, the HIF-1alpha prolyl hydroxylase-2 inhibitor IOX2 partly blocked DEX-mediated cardioprotection both in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 78-81 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 16-26 31680420-6 2020 Mechanistically, DEX down-regulated HIF-1alpha expression at the post-transcriptional level and inhibited the transcriptional activation of the target gene BNIP3. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 36-46 31680420-6 2020 Mechanistically, DEX down-regulated HIF-1alpha expression at the post-transcriptional level and inhibited the transcriptional activation of the target gene BNIP3. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 BCL2 interacting protein 3 Rattus norvegicus 156-161 31887107-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine Regulates Proliferation, Apoptosis, Migration, and Invasion in Ovarian Cancer Cells via MiR-155-HIF-1alpha Axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 155 Homo sapiens 104-111 32461748-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a selective alpha-2 agonist, with anxiolytic, hypnotic, and analgesic properties, that could play a role in the management of refractory sleep disturbances. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 37-44 32461748-2 2020 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a selective alpha-2 agonist, with anxiolytic, hypnotic, and analgesic properties, that could play a role in the management of refractory sleep disturbances. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 37-44 31452248-7 2020 Western blot analysis showed that Dex increased the expression of phosphorylated extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2, phosphoitide 3-kinase and p-AKT, but decreased ROCK protein levels at a dose of 50 nM. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 81-155 31452248-11 2020 Single-dose treatment with Dex did not significantly change glioma volume in nude mice, but changed the expression of Ki67 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 in the tumour. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki 67 Mus musculus 118-122 31452248-11 2020 Single-dose treatment with Dex did not significantly change glioma volume in nude mice, but changed the expression of Ki67 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 in the tumour. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 matrix metallopeptidase 3 Mus musculus 127-153 31887107-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine Regulates Proliferation, Apoptosis, Migration, and Invasion in Ovarian Cancer Cells via MiR-155-HIF-1alpha Axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 112-122 31887107-4 2019 The biological activities of DMED-treated SKOV3 cells following transfection with miR-155 inhibitor or si-HIF-1alpha were measured by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay. Dexmedetomidine 29-33 microRNA 155 Homo sapiens 82-89 31887107-4 2019 The biological activities of DMED-treated SKOV3 cells following transfection with miR-155 inhibitor or si-HIF-1alpha were measured by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, and Transwell assay. Dexmedetomidine 29-33 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 106-116 31887107-8 2019 DMED dose-dependently reduced HIF-1alpha expression in SKOV3 cells, and upregulated the expression of miR-155. Dexmedetomidine 0-4 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 30-40 31887107-8 2019 DMED dose-dependently reduced HIF-1alpha expression in SKOV3 cells, and upregulated the expression of miR-155. Dexmedetomidine 0-4 microRNA 155 Homo sapiens 102-109 31887107-9 2019 DMED inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of OC cells, but also contributed to apoptosis of SKOV3 cells, while transfection of miR-155 inhibitor inhibited the effect of DMED on SKOV3 cells. Dexmedetomidine 194-198 microRNA 155 Homo sapiens 152-159 31887107-10 2019 In contrast, transfection with si-HIF-1alpha enhanced the effects of DMED on SKOV3 cells. Dexmedetomidine 69-73 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 34-44 31805854-8 2019 RESULTS: The changes in the concentration of eotaxin (decrease after dexmedetomidine) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF, increase after propofol) were statistically significantly different between the groups. Dexmedetomidine 69-84 C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 Homo sapiens 45-52 33582692-3 2020 Dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 agonist, augments local anaesthetic action. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 20-27 31859818-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine attenuates P2X4 and NLRP3 expression in the spine of rats with diabetic neuropathic pain. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 purinergic receptor P2X 4 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 31859818-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine attenuates P2X4 and NLRP3 expression in the spine of rats with diabetic neuropathic pain. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 36-41 31859818-7 2019 The expression of three pain-and inflammation-associated factors (P2X4, NLRP3, and IL-IP) was significantly upregulated at the protein level in DNP rats, and this change was reversed by Dex administration (P=0.0022, P=0.0092, P=0.0028, respectively). Dexmedetomidine 186-189 purinergic receptor P2X 4 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 31859818-7 2019 The expression of three pain-and inflammation-associated factors (P2X4, NLRP3, and IL-IP) was significantly upregulated at the protein level in DNP rats, and this change was reversed by Dex administration (P=0.0022, P=0.0092, P=0.0028, respectively). Dexmedetomidine 186-189 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 72-77 31861074-0 2019 Higher S100B Levels Predict Persistently Elevated Anhedonia with Escitalopram Monotherapy Versus Antidepressant Combinations: Findings from CO-MED Trial. Dexmedetomidine 140-146 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 7-12 31682847-0 2019 The therapeutic effect of dexmedetomidine on protection from renal failure via inhibiting KDM5A in lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis of mice. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 lysine (K)-specific demethylase 5A Mus musculus 90-95 31682847-8 2019 We further observed that the therapeutic effect of DEX was basically equal with CPI-455 and KDM5A-IN-1 but better than PBIT. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 lysine (K)-specific demethylase 5A Mus musculus 92-97 31682847-10 2019 The H3K4me3 enrichment of the multiple genes associated with inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, NOS2 and CCL2 increased in AKI model, but decreased upon DEX or KDM5A-IN-1 treatment. Dexmedetomidine 160-163 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 92-101 31682847-10 2019 The H3K4me3 enrichment of the multiple genes associated with inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, NOS2 and CCL2 increased in AKI model, but decreased upon DEX or KDM5A-IN-1 treatment. Dexmedetomidine 160-163 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 103-107 31682847-10 2019 The H3K4me3 enrichment of the multiple genes associated with inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, NOS2 and CCL2 increased in AKI model, but decreased upon DEX or KDM5A-IN-1 treatment. Dexmedetomidine 160-163 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 112-116 31682847-11 2019 Consistently, transcription and protein levels of genes such as TLR4, MYD88, MTA1, PTGS2, CASP3 associated with NF-kappaB signaling pathway were all compromising after treated with DEX or KDM5A-IN-1 groups compared to AKI group. Dexmedetomidine 181-184 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 64-68 31682847-11 2019 Consistently, transcription and protein levels of genes such as TLR4, MYD88, MTA1, PTGS2, CASP3 associated with NF-kappaB signaling pathway were all compromising after treated with DEX or KDM5A-IN-1 groups compared to AKI group. Dexmedetomidine 181-184 myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 Mus musculus 70-75 31682847-11 2019 Consistently, transcription and protein levels of genes such as TLR4, MYD88, MTA1, PTGS2, CASP3 associated with NF-kappaB signaling pathway were all compromising after treated with DEX or KDM5A-IN-1 groups compared to AKI group. Dexmedetomidine 181-184 metastasis associated 1 Mus musculus 77-81 31682847-11 2019 Consistently, transcription and protein levels of genes such as TLR4, MYD88, MTA1, PTGS2, CASP3 associated with NF-kappaB signaling pathway were all compromising after treated with DEX or KDM5A-IN-1 groups compared to AKI group. Dexmedetomidine 181-184 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 83-88 31682847-11 2019 Consistently, transcription and protein levels of genes such as TLR4, MYD88, MTA1, PTGS2, CASP3 associated with NF-kappaB signaling pathway were all compromising after treated with DEX or KDM5A-IN-1 groups compared to AKI group. Dexmedetomidine 181-184 caspase 3 Mus musculus 90-95 31682847-11 2019 Consistently, transcription and protein levels of genes such as TLR4, MYD88, MTA1, PTGS2, CASP3 associated with NF-kappaB signaling pathway were all compromising after treated with DEX or KDM5A-IN-1 groups compared to AKI group. Dexmedetomidine 181-184 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 112-121 31682847-11 2019 Consistently, transcription and protein levels of genes such as TLR4, MYD88, MTA1, PTGS2, CASP3 associated with NF-kappaB signaling pathway were all compromising after treated with DEX or KDM5A-IN-1 groups compared to AKI group. Dexmedetomidine 181-184 lysine (K)-specific demethylase 5A Mus musculus 188-193 31682847-12 2019 CONCLUSION: Taken together, our data determined that DEX could attenuate AKI through KDM5A inhibition in sepsis. Dexmedetomidine 53-56 lysine (K)-specific demethylase 5A Mus musculus 85-90 31829277-15 2019 In human studies, dexmedetomidine reduced CRP (4 studies), TNFalpha (5 studies), IL-6 (6 studies), IL-1beta (3 studies), and altered several other mediators. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 42-45 31829277-15 2019 In human studies, dexmedetomidine reduced CRP (4 studies), TNFalpha (5 studies), IL-6 (6 studies), IL-1beta (3 studies), and altered several other mediators. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 59-67 31829277-15 2019 In human studies, dexmedetomidine reduced CRP (4 studies), TNFalpha (5 studies), IL-6 (6 studies), IL-1beta (3 studies), and altered several other mediators. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 81-85 31829277-15 2019 In human studies, dexmedetomidine reduced CRP (4 studies), TNFalpha (5 studies), IL-6 (6 studies), IL-1beta (3 studies), and altered several other mediators. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 99-107 32099322-7 2019 Results: Dexmedetomidine at 20 microg/kg significantly enhanced neurogenesis and astrogenesis in hippocampus and upregulated GDNF, NCAM, CREB, PSD95, and GAP43 compared to vehicle and other Dex doses. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 125-129 32099322-7 2019 Results: Dexmedetomidine at 20 microg/kg significantly enhanced neurogenesis and astrogenesis in hippocampus and upregulated GDNF, NCAM, CREB, PSD95, and GAP43 compared to vehicle and other Dex doses. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 neural cell adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 131-135 32099322-7 2019 Results: Dexmedetomidine at 20 microg/kg significantly enhanced neurogenesis and astrogenesis in hippocampus and upregulated GDNF, NCAM, CREB, PSD95, and GAP43 compared to vehicle and other Dex doses. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 137-141 32099322-7 2019 Results: Dexmedetomidine at 20 microg/kg significantly enhanced neurogenesis and astrogenesis in hippocampus and upregulated GDNF, NCAM, CREB, PSD95, and GAP43 compared to vehicle and other Dex doses. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 Rattus norvegicus 143-148 32099322-7 2019 Results: Dexmedetomidine at 20 microg/kg significantly enhanced neurogenesis and astrogenesis in hippocampus and upregulated GDNF, NCAM, CREB, PSD95, and GAP43 compared to vehicle and other Dex doses. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 growth associated protein 43 Rattus norvegicus 154-159 32099322-7 2019 Results: Dexmedetomidine at 20 microg/kg significantly enhanced neurogenesis and astrogenesis in hippocampus and upregulated GDNF, NCAM, CREB, PSD95, and GAP43 compared to vehicle and other Dex doses. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 125-129 32099322-7 2019 Results: Dexmedetomidine at 20 microg/kg significantly enhanced neurogenesis and astrogenesis in hippocampus and upregulated GDNF, NCAM, CREB, PSD95, and GAP43 compared to vehicle and other Dex doses. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 neural cell adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 131-135 32099322-7 2019 Results: Dexmedetomidine at 20 microg/kg significantly enhanced neurogenesis and astrogenesis in hippocampus and upregulated GDNF, NCAM, CREB, PSD95, and GAP43 compared to vehicle and other Dex doses. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 137-141 32099322-7 2019 Results: Dexmedetomidine at 20 microg/kg significantly enhanced neurogenesis and astrogenesis in hippocampus and upregulated GDNF, NCAM, CREB, PSD95, and GAP43 compared to vehicle and other Dex doses. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 Rattus norvegicus 143-148 32099322-7 2019 Results: Dexmedetomidine at 20 microg/kg significantly enhanced neurogenesis and astrogenesis in hippocampus and upregulated GDNF, NCAM, CREB, PSD95, and GAP43 compared to vehicle and other Dex doses. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 growth associated protein 43 Rattus norvegicus 154-159 32099322-9 2019 Conclusion: Neonatal injection of Dex (20 microg/kg) enhances spatial learning and memory in rat pups, potentially by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity via activation of GDNF/NCAM/CREB signaling. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 195-199 32099322-9 2019 Conclusion: Neonatal injection of Dex (20 microg/kg) enhances spatial learning and memory in rat pups, potentially by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity via activation of GDNF/NCAM/CREB signaling. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 neural cell adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 200-204 32099322-9 2019 Conclusion: Neonatal injection of Dex (20 microg/kg) enhances spatial learning and memory in rat pups, potentially by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity via activation of GDNF/NCAM/CREB signaling. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 205-209 31949972-5 2019 However, the role of MCU in the changes of mitophagy and autophagy caused by dexmedetomidine is unknown. Dexmedetomidine 77-92 mitochondrial calcium uniporter Homo sapiens 21-24 31949972-7 2019 We found that postconditioning with dexmedetomidine and 3-methyladenine (3MA, an autophagy inhibitor) increased the cell survival meanwhile reduced the production of autophagic vesicles and the expression of LC3 and Beclin 1. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha Homo sapiens 208-211 31949972-7 2019 We found that postconditioning with dexmedetomidine and 3-methyladenine (3MA, an autophagy inhibitor) increased the cell survival meanwhile reduced the production of autophagic vesicles and the expression of LC3 and Beclin 1. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 beclin 1 Homo sapiens 216-224 31949972-9 2019 After applied with spermine (MCU-specific agonist), the expression of autophagy proteins by dexmedetomidine was reversed, and the same changes were also observed in immunofluorescence. Dexmedetomidine 92-107 mitochondrial calcium uniporter Homo sapiens 29-32 31949972-10 2019 The results of our study suggested that dexmedetomidine can inhibit MCU and reduce excessive mitophagy and autophagy for conferring protection against I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 40-55 mitochondrial calcium uniporter Homo sapiens 68-71 31805854-10 2019 Dexmedetomidine decreased the concentration of eotaxin, interleukin-18, interleukin-2Ralpha, stem cell factor, stem cell growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, and propofol decreased significantly the levels of hepatocyte growth factor, IFN-gamma-induced protein 10 and monokine induced by IFN-gamma, and increased the levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-5, interleukin-7 and PDGF. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 Homo sapiens 47-54 31805854-10 2019 Dexmedetomidine decreased the concentration of eotaxin, interleukin-18, interleukin-2Ralpha, stem cell factor, stem cell growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, and propofol decreased significantly the levels of hepatocyte growth factor, IFN-gamma-induced protein 10 and monokine induced by IFN-gamma, and increased the levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-5, interleukin-7 and PDGF. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 18 Homo sapiens 56-70 31805854-10 2019 Dexmedetomidine decreased the concentration of eotaxin, interleukin-18, interleukin-2Ralpha, stem cell factor, stem cell growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, and propofol decreased significantly the levels of hepatocyte growth factor, IFN-gamma-induced protein 10 and monokine induced by IFN-gamma, and increased the levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-5, interleukin-7 and PDGF. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 KIT ligand Homo sapiens 93-109 31805854-10 2019 Dexmedetomidine decreased the concentration of eotaxin, interleukin-18, interleukin-2Ralpha, stem cell factor, stem cell growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, and propofol decreased significantly the levels of hepatocyte growth factor, IFN-gamma-induced protein 10 and monokine induced by IFN-gamma, and increased the levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-5, interleukin-7 and PDGF. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 252-261 31805854-10 2019 Dexmedetomidine decreased the concentration of eotaxin, interleukin-18, interleukin-2Ralpha, stem cell factor, stem cell growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, and propofol decreased significantly the levels of hepatocyte growth factor, IFN-gamma-induced protein 10 and monokine induced by IFN-gamma, and increased the levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-5, interleukin-7 and PDGF. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 305-314 31805854-10 2019 Dexmedetomidine decreased the concentration of eotaxin, interleukin-18, interleukin-2Ralpha, stem cell factor, stem cell growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, and propofol decreased significantly the levels of hepatocyte growth factor, IFN-gamma-induced protein 10 and monokine induced by IFN-gamma, and increased the levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-5, interleukin-7 and PDGF. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 360-373 31805854-10 2019 Dexmedetomidine decreased the concentration of eotaxin, interleukin-18, interleukin-2Ralpha, stem cell factor, stem cell growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor, and propofol decreased significantly the levels of hepatocyte growth factor, IFN-gamma-induced protein 10 and monokine induced by IFN-gamma, and increased the levels of interleukin-17, interleukin-5, interleukin-7 and PDGF. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 7 Homo sapiens 375-388 31546082-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine prevents septic myocardial dysfunction in rats via activation of alpha7nAChR and PI3K/Akt- mediated autophagy. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 102-105 31419314-9 2019 Importantly, this is the first study to report the correlation between CYP2A6 rs835309 activity and concentration of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 117-132 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6 Homo sapiens 71-77 31546082-10 2019 In addition, we found that the PI3K/Akt pathway is involved in Dex-mediated autophagy and convergent with alpha7nAChR-mediated stimulation of autophagy response. Dexmedetomidine 63-66 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 36-39 31663690-2 2019 Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha2 -AR agonist, has been reported to increase the malignancy of BC cells in vitro or stimulate tumor growth in mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5 Mus musculus 29-35 31623841-9 2019 In DEX-treated rats after injury, tissue RNA expression indicated a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers (e.g. interleukin [IL]-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and CD11b) and an upregulation of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving M2 responses (e.g. IL-4, arginase-1, and CD206) (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 3-6 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 142-181 31623841-9 2019 In DEX-treated rats after injury, tissue RNA expression indicated a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers (e.g. interleukin [IL]-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and CD11b) and an upregulation of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving M2 responses (e.g. IL-4, arginase-1, and CD206) (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 3-6 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 183-201 31623841-9 2019 In DEX-treated rats after injury, tissue RNA expression indicated a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers (e.g. interleukin [IL]-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and CD11b) and an upregulation of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving M2 responses (e.g. IL-4, arginase-1, and CD206) (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 3-6 integrin subunit alpha M Rattus norvegicus 207-212 31623841-9 2019 In DEX-treated rats after injury, tissue RNA expression indicated a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers (e.g. interleukin [IL]-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and CD11b) and an upregulation of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving M2 responses (e.g. IL-4, arginase-1, and CD206) (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 3-6 interleukin 4 Rattus norvegicus 292-296 31623841-9 2019 In DEX-treated rats after injury, tissue RNA expression indicated a significant downregulation of pro-inflammatory markers (e.g. interleukin [IL]-1beta, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and CD11b) and an upregulation of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving M2 responses (e.g. IL-4, arginase-1, and CD206) (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 3-6 arginase 1 Rattus norvegicus 298-308 31663690-2 2019 Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha2 -AR agonist, has been reported to increase the malignancy of BC cells in vitro or stimulate tumor growth in mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 ferredoxin reductase Mus musculus 37-39 31522257-2 2019 In recent studies, it has been reported that sedative-acting alpha2 agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX), which is commonly used in clinical practice with KET, has neuroprotective effects and prevents the undesirable effects of anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine 76-91 ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5 Mus musculus 61-67 31772637-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine activates the PI3K/Akt pathway to inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis in rats with obstructive jaundice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 35-38 31772647-9 2019 Furthermore, DEX upregulated the expression of survivin, MMP-2, MMP-9 and HIF-1alpha in the two cancer cell lines in response to hypoxia. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 57-62 31772647-9 2019 Furthermore, DEX upregulated the expression of survivin, MMP-2, MMP-9 and HIF-1alpha in the two cancer cell lines in response to hypoxia. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 64-69 31772647-9 2019 Furthermore, DEX upregulated the expression of survivin, MMP-2, MMP-9 and HIF-1alpha in the two cancer cell lines in response to hypoxia. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 74-84 31772647-11 2019 Collectively, DEX enhances the hypoxia-induced progression of lung cancer cells and colorectal cancer cells by regulating HIF-1alpha signaling, which may be associated with the alpha2 adrenoceptor pathway. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 122-132 31446520-0 2019 Role of JNK Signaling Pathway in Dexmedetomidine Post-Conditioning-Induced Reduction of the Inflammatory Response and Autophagy Effect of Focal Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Dexmedetomidine 33-48 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 8-11 31446520-9 2019 However, the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on brain injury in MCAO rats was reversed by JNK pathway activator. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 95-98 31625681-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine attenuates neuronal injury after spinal cord ischaemia-reperfusion injury by targeting the CNPY2-endoplasmic reticulum stress signalling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 canopy FGF signaling regulator 2 Rattus norvegicus 107-112 31625681-7 2019 To determine whether the endoplasmic reticulum apoptosis pathway CNPY2-PERK was involved in the neuroprotective mechanism of Dex, the expression levels of related proteins (CNPY2, GRP78, PERK, CHOP, caspase-12, caspase-9 and caspase-3) were detected by western blot analysis and RT-PCR. Dexmedetomidine 125-128 canopy FGF signaling regulator 2 Rattus norvegicus 65-70 31625681-10 2019 Taken together, the results of this study indicate that Dex may attenuate SCIRI by inhibiting the CNPY2-ERS apoptotic pathway. Dexmedetomidine 56-59 canopy FGF signaling regulator 2 Rattus norvegicus 98-103 31522257-2 2019 In recent studies, it has been reported that sedative-acting alpha2 agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX), which is commonly used in clinical practice with KET, has neuroprotective effects and prevents the undesirable effects of anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine 93-96 ST3 beta-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 5 Mus musculus 61-67 31584354-9 2019 Furthermore, DEX significantly downregulated the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, down-stream effector of MKP3 in CCI mice, whereas the downregulation was reversed by BCI. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 68-115 31419076-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory response in microglia through the pathway involving TLR4 and NF-kappaB. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 124-128 31419076-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory response in microglia through the pathway involving TLR4 and NF-kappaB. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 133-142 31419076-12 2019 The anti-inflammatory effects of DEX on LPS-induced BV2 microglia may be mediated through pathway involving TLR4 and NF-kappaB. Dexmedetomidine 33-36 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 108-112 31419076-12 2019 The anti-inflammatory effects of DEX on LPS-induced BV2 microglia may be mediated through pathway involving TLR4 and NF-kappaB. Dexmedetomidine 33-36 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 117-126 31545916-9 2019 MMP-13, NLRP3, and caspase-1 p10 expression in Dex groups were significantly lower than that of OA group (p < 0.05), while collagen II was increased (p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 47-50 matrix metallopeptidase 13 Rattus norvegicus 0-6 31545916-9 2019 MMP-13, NLRP3, and caspase-1 p10 expression in Dex groups were significantly lower than that of OA group (p < 0.05), while collagen II was increased (p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 47-50 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 8-13 31545916-9 2019 MMP-13, NLRP3, and caspase-1 p10 expression in Dex groups were significantly lower than that of OA group (p < 0.05), while collagen II was increased (p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 47-50 caspase 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-28 31545916-10 2019 p65 in the nucleus of Dex groups was significantly down-regulated than that of OA group (p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 22-25 synaptotagmin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 31545916-11 2019 Discussion and Conclusions: Dex can improve pain symptoms and cartilage tissue damage of OA rats, which may be related to its inhibition of the activation of NF-kappaB and NLRP3 inflammasome. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 172-177 31668347-5 2019 DEX infusion during the perioperative period inhibited release of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol; decreased blood glucose, interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein; and increased interleukin-10 in surgical patients. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 134-152 31668347-5 2019 DEX infusion during the perioperative period inhibited release of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol; decreased blood glucose, interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein; and increased interleukin-10 in surgical patients. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 188-206 31668347-5 2019 DEX infusion during the perioperative period inhibited release of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol; decreased blood glucose, interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and C-reactive protein; and increased interleukin-10 in surgical patients. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 222-236 31668347-6 2019 In addition, the numbers of natural killer cells, B cells, and CD4+ T cells, and the ratios of CD4+:CD8+ and Th1:Th2 were significantly increased; CD8+ T-cells were decreased in the DEX group when compared with the control group. Dexmedetomidine 182-185 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 100-103 31668347-6 2019 In addition, the numbers of natural killer cells, B cells, and CD4+ T cells, and the ratios of CD4+:CD8+ and Th1:Th2 were significantly increased; CD8+ T-cells were decreased in the DEX group when compared with the control group. Dexmedetomidine 182-185 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 147-150 31584354-0 2019 Intrathecal injection of dexmedetomidine ameliorates chronic neuropathic pain via the modulation of MPK3/ERK1/2 in a mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 105-111 31584354-7 2019 DEX markedly elevated the MKP3 expression and modestly reduced the MKP1 expression, with insignificant difference in the latter. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 dual specificity phosphatase 6 Mus musculus 26-30 31584354-7 2019 DEX markedly elevated the MKP3 expression and modestly reduced the MKP1 expression, with insignificant difference in the latter. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Mus musculus 67-71 31584354-9 2019 Furthermore, DEX significantly downregulated the phosphorylation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, down-stream effector of MKP3 in CCI mice, whereas the downregulation was reversed by BCI. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 dual specificity phosphatase 6 Mus musculus 141-145 31584354-10 2019 Conclusion: We confirmed that DEX exerts the analgesic effect on chronic neuropathic pain via the regulation of MKP3/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which may contribute to clarification of the molecular mechanism and novel therapy for chronic neuropathic pain. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 dual specificity phosphatase 6 Mus musculus 112-116 31584354-10 2019 Conclusion: We confirmed that DEX exerts the analgesic effect on chronic neuropathic pain via the regulation of MKP3/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, which may contribute to clarification of the molecular mechanism and novel therapy for chronic neuropathic pain. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 117-123 31844679-0 2019 Effects of Dexmedetomidine on the RhoA /ROCK/ Nox4 Signaling Pathway in Renal Fibrosis of Diabetic Rats. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 ras homolog family member A Rattus norvegicus 34-38 31886285-4 2019 Then the effects of DEX on the changes of CK-MB and cTnT levels were examined. Dexmedetomidine 20-23 troponin T2, cardiac type Rattus norvegicus 52-56 31886285-11 2019 DEX could reduce the expression of CK-MB and cTnT, reduce pathological damage, and reduce scar formation and improve fibrosis. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 troponin T2, cardiac type Rattus norvegicus 45-49 31886285-12 2019 DEX can reduce the expression of GRP78, CHOP, ERO1alpha, ERO1beta, and PDI proteins in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 33-38 31886285-12 2019 DEX can reduce the expression of GRP78, CHOP, ERO1alpha, ERO1beta, and PDI proteins in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 40-44 31886285-12 2019 DEX can reduce the expression of GRP78, CHOP, ERO1alpha, ERO1beta, and PDI proteins in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 46-55 31886285-12 2019 DEX can reduce the expression of GRP78, CHOP, ERO1alpha, ERO1beta, and PDI proteins in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 57-65 31886285-12 2019 DEX can reduce the expression of GRP78, CHOP, ERO1alpha, ERO1beta, and PDI proteins in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Rattus norvegicus 71-74 31844679-0 2019 Effects of Dexmedetomidine on the RhoA /ROCK/ Nox4 Signaling Pathway in Renal Fibrosis of Diabetic Rats. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 46-50 31844679-11 2019 Compared with the model group, Dex low, medium and high groups improved the deposition of renal fiber in rats, inhibited the expression levels of microalbumin, alpha1-MG and beta2-MG in urine and decreased expression of RhoA, p-MYPT, Nox4 and alpha-SMA proteins (P<0.05, P<0.01). Dexmedetomidine 31-34 ras homolog family member A Rattus norvegicus 220-224 31844679-11 2019 Compared with the model group, Dex low, medium and high groups improved the deposition of renal fiber in rats, inhibited the expression levels of microalbumin, alpha1-MG and beta2-MG in urine and decreased expression of RhoA, p-MYPT, Nox4 and alpha-SMA proteins (P<0.05, P<0.01). Dexmedetomidine 31-34 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 234-238 31844679-12 2019 Conclusion: Dex is possible to inhibit the expression of alpha-SMA and renal fibrous substance deposition in rat kidney via RhoA/ROCK/Nox4 signaling pathway, thereby reducing early kidney damage in model rats. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 ras homolog family member A Rattus norvegicus 124-128 31844679-12 2019 Conclusion: Dex is possible to inhibit the expression of alpha-SMA and renal fibrous substance deposition in rat kidney via RhoA/ROCK/Nox4 signaling pathway, thereby reducing early kidney damage in model rats. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 134-138 31853373-11 2019 Dexmedetomidine also prevented the decrease in BDNF, TrkB expression, and cell proliferation induced by sleep deprivation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 brain derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 47-51 31853373-11 2019 Dexmedetomidine also prevented the decrease in BDNF, TrkB expression, and cell proliferation induced by sleep deprivation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2 Mus musculus 53-57 31814709-0 2019 The MAP2K4/JNK/c-Jun Signaling Pathway Plays A Key Role In Dexmedetomidine Protection Against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Toxicity. Dexmedetomidine 59-74 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 Mus musculus 4-10 31814709-0 2019 The MAP2K4/JNK/c-Jun Signaling Pathway Plays A Key Role In Dexmedetomidine Protection Against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Toxicity. Dexmedetomidine 59-74 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 11-14 31814709-0 2019 The MAP2K4/JNK/c-Jun Signaling Pathway Plays A Key Role In Dexmedetomidine Protection Against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Toxicity. Dexmedetomidine 59-74 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 15-20 31827710-10 2019 Collectively, Dex attenuates OALT-induced AGI via alpha 2A-AR-dependent suppression of oxidative stress, which might be a novel potential therapeutic target for OALT-induced AGI. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 50-61 31682592-11 2019 These results suggest that dexmedetomidine at least partially inhibits ER stress-induced apoptosis by activating Sig-1R, thereby attenuating brain damage after 24 hours of ischemia-reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 113-119 31700642-2 2019 Dexmedetomidine for AWS has not been extensively investigated, and guidelines regarding its use are lacking. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 jagged canonical Notch ligand 1 Homo sapiens 20-23 31700642-3 2019 We evaluated the association between dexmedetomidine use in AWS and ICU length of stay (LOS). Dexmedetomidine 37-52 jagged canonical Notch ligand 1 Homo sapiens 60-63 31700642-10 2019 Conclusions: Compared to benzodiazepines alone, dexmedetomidine for the treatment of AWS was associated with increased ICU LOS. Dexmedetomidine 48-63 jagged canonical Notch ligand 1 Homo sapiens 85-88 31602228-0 2019 Germacrone cooperates with dexmedetomidine to alleviate high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus via upregulating AMPKalpha1 expression. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 120-130 31520992-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine-mediated protection against septic liver injury depends on TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling downregulation partly via cholinergic anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 75-79 31520992-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine-mediated protection against septic liver injury depends on TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling downregulation partly via cholinergic anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 80-85 31520992-9 2019 DEX enhanced alpha7nAChR activation and reduced TLR4 expression upon challenge with LPS. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 48-52 31520992-10 2019 DEX significantly prevented LPS-induced ALI, which was associated with increased survival, the mitigation of pathological changes, the attenuation of inflammatory cytokine expression and apoptosis, and the downregulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 224-228 31520992-10 2019 DEX significantly prevented LPS-induced ALI, which was associated with increased survival, the mitigation of pathological changes, the attenuation of inflammatory cytokine expression and apoptosis, and the downregulation of TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 229-234 31520992-14 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Our data highlight the pivotal function of alpha7nAChR and intact vagus nerves in protecting against LPS-induced ALI through inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling pathway upon pretreatment with DEX. Dexmedetomidine 215-218 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 153-157 31469734-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine as an Alternative Anesthetic Agent for Flap Surgery: An Intravital Evaluation in the Cremaster Muscle Flap. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein Rattus norvegicus 55-59 31469734-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine as an Alternative Anesthetic Agent for Flap Surgery: An Intravital Evaluation in the Cremaster Muscle Flap. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein Rattus norvegicus 118-122 31469734-11 2019 CONCLUSION: On the basis of the effects of dexmedetomidine on microcirculation, we suggest that dexmedetomidine continue to be used as an anesthetic agent, and may be considered also for reconstructive procedures, particularly flap surgery. Dexmedetomidine 96-111 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein Rattus norvegicus 227-231 31373750-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine protects against lung injury induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 90-94 31373750-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine protects against lung injury induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 95-100 31610196-0 2019 The role of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in the protection process by dexmedetomidine against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Dexmedetomidine 66-81 Wnt family member 2 Rattus norvegicus 12-15 31610196-0 2019 The role of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in the protection process by dexmedetomidine against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Dexmedetomidine 66-81 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 16-28 31610196-1 2019 AIMS: To assess the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) and beta-catenin in the protection of ischemic injury by dexmedetomidine (Dex). Dexmedetomidine 127-142 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 28-58 31610196-1 2019 AIMS: To assess the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) and beta-catenin in the protection of ischemic injury by dexmedetomidine (Dex). Dexmedetomidine 127-142 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 60-68 31610196-1 2019 AIMS: To assess the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) and beta-catenin in the protection of ischemic injury by dexmedetomidine (Dex). Dexmedetomidine 127-142 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-86 31610196-1 2019 AIMS: To assess the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) and beta-catenin in the protection of ischemic injury by dexmedetomidine (Dex). Dexmedetomidine 144-147 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 28-58 31610196-1 2019 AIMS: To assess the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) and beta-catenin in the protection of ischemic injury by dexmedetomidine (Dex). Dexmedetomidine 144-147 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-86 31610196-5 2019 KEY FINDINGS: We found that the Dex-induced increment of neuron survival in the ischemic penumbra was diminished by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and the beta-catenin inhibitor XAV939, respectively. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 152-164 31610196-6 2019 The increasing expression of pAKT, pGSK3beta and beta-catenin induced by Dex was markedly inhibited by LY294002. Dexmedetomidine 73-76 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-61 31610196-7 2019 And the increasing expression of beta-catenin in nuclei induced by Dex was markedly inhibited by XAV939. Dexmedetomidine 67-70 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-45 31610196-9 2019 SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggested that treatment with Dex reduced cerebral injury in rats exposed to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) by the activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3beta pathways as well the activation of downstream Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Dexmedetomidine 53-56 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 166-169 31610196-9 2019 SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggested that treatment with Dex reduced cerebral injury in rats exposed to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) by the activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3beta pathways as well the activation of downstream Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Dexmedetomidine 53-56 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 170-178 31610196-9 2019 SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggested that treatment with Dex reduced cerebral injury in rats exposed to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) by the activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3beta pathways as well the activation of downstream Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Dexmedetomidine 53-56 Wnt family member 2 Rattus norvegicus 225-228 31610196-9 2019 SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggested that treatment with Dex reduced cerebral injury in rats exposed to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) by the activation of the PI3K/AKT/GSK3beta pathways as well the activation of downstream Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. Dexmedetomidine 53-56 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 229-241 31545471-9 2019 In addition, the TNF-alpha concentrations in the sham and surgery+Dex groups were lower than that in the surgery group (P<0.05 on days 1 and 3). Dexmedetomidine 66-69 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 17-26 31545471-11 2019 Mfsd2a mRNA expression was higher in the sham and surgery+Dex groups compared with that noted in the surgery group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 58-61 major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A Rattus norvegicus 0-6 31545471-13 2019 We demonstrated that Dex stabilized BBB integrity through increased Mfsd2a gene expression. Dexmedetomidine 21-24 major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2A Rattus norvegicus 68-74 31702043-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine protects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy through Hsp90/AKT signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-79 31702043-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine protects against sepsis-associated encephalopathy through Hsp90/AKT signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-83 31702043-6 2019 It was found that dexmedetomidine inhibited caspase-3, but increased the expression level ofBcl-2 in CLP rats. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 44-53 31702043-7 2019 CLP rats also exhibited a decreased level of phosphorylated AKT Thr 308 and Hsp90, and their expression could be reversed by treatment with dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 140-155 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 60-63 31702043-7 2019 CLP rats also exhibited a decreased level of phosphorylated AKT Thr 308 and Hsp90, and their expression could be reversed by treatment with dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 140-155 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 76-81 31702043-9 2019 Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine could be reversed by 17-AAG (a Hsp90 inhibitor), or wortmannin (a PI3K inhibitor). Dexmedetomidine 44-59 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 91-96 31702043-10 2019 Analysis of TUNEL staining indicated that dexmedetomidine improved LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis, which could be eradicated by AKT short hairpin RNA transfection, prazosin or yohimbine. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 128-131 30475328-8 2019 Furthermore, HS significantly elevated the levels of cytokines in BALF, as well as increased the activity of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MyD88/nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) signaling pathway in lung tissue, while DEX treatment could inhibit such effects. Dexmedetomidine 216-219 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 131-135 30475328-8 2019 Furthermore, HS significantly elevated the levels of cytokines in BALF, as well as increased the activity of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MyD88/nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) signaling pathway in lung tissue, while DEX treatment could inhibit such effects. Dexmedetomidine 216-219 myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 Mus musculus 137-142 30475328-9 2019 Finally, DEX could upregulate the expression of caveolin 1 downregulated by HS, which may contribute to the inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NFkappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 caveolin 1, caveolae protein Mus musculus 48-58 30475328-9 2019 Finally, DEX could upregulate the expression of caveolin 1 downregulated by HS, which may contribute to the inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NFkappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 122-126 30475328-9 2019 Finally, DEX could upregulate the expression of caveolin 1 downregulated by HS, which may contribute to the inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NFkappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 Mus musculus 127-132 30475328-9 2019 Finally, DEX could upregulate the expression of caveolin 1 downregulated by HS, which may contribute to the inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NFkappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 133-141 30475328-10 2019 DISCUSSION: In conclusion, the present results indicated that DEX may protect against lung inflammatory response and injury under HS via TLR4/MyD88/NFkappaB signaling pathway, and caveolin-1 may participate in the effects. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 137-141 30475328-10 2019 DISCUSSION: In conclusion, the present results indicated that DEX may protect against lung inflammatory response and injury under HS via TLR4/MyD88/NFkappaB signaling pathway, and caveolin-1 may participate in the effects. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 Mus musculus 142-147 30475328-10 2019 DISCUSSION: In conclusion, the present results indicated that DEX may protect against lung inflammatory response and injury under HS via TLR4/MyD88/NFkappaB signaling pathway, and caveolin-1 may participate in the effects. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 148-156 31476326-9 2019 DEX also reversed the progressive increase in intensity of the behavioral symptoms and reversed 6-OHDA- induced overproduction of TNF-alpha and IL-6. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 130-139 31476326-9 2019 DEX also reversed the progressive increase in intensity of the behavioral symptoms and reversed 6-OHDA- induced overproduction of TNF-alpha and IL-6. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 144-148 31416697-6 2019 Dexmedetomidine was administered using a target-controlled infusion system to achieve and maintain 10 target plasma concentrations ranging from 0 to 40 ng mL-1. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 155-159 31416697-13 2019 Vatinoxan attenuated the cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine at the 10 and 20 ng mL-1 targets, but MAP could be maintained above 60 mmHg only when isoflurane concentration was <1.25 MAC. Dexmedetomidine 51-66 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 87-91 31185237-8 2019 Dex treatment reduced the levels of ROS, MDA, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in the entire middle cerebral artery territory of diabetic mice subjected to MCAO/R, as well as in primary culture of mouse hippocampal neurons stimulated with 50 mM glucose and oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 46-55 31682592-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine inhibits neuronal apoptosis by inducing Sigma-1 receptor signaling in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 56-72 31682592-6 2019 After 24 hours of reperfusion, dexmedetomidine upregulated Sig-1R expression, and ER stress proteins (GRP78, CHOP, JNK and Caspase-3) were detected in brain tissues with Western blotting. Dexmedetomidine 31-46 sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 59-65 31682592-8 2019 Dexmedetomidine induced GRP78 expression but inhibited CHOP, Caspase-3 and phosphorylated-JNK expression in brain tissues. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 24-29 31682592-8 2019 Dexmedetomidine induced GRP78 expression but inhibited CHOP, Caspase-3 and phosphorylated-JNK expression in brain tissues. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 55-59 31682592-8 2019 Dexmedetomidine induced GRP78 expression but inhibited CHOP, Caspase-3 and phosphorylated-JNK expression in brain tissues. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 61-70 31682592-8 2019 Dexmedetomidine induced GRP78 expression but inhibited CHOP, Caspase-3 and phosphorylated-JNK expression in brain tissues. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 90-93 31682592-9 2019 A Sig-1R-specific inhibitor reduced GRP78 expression and partially inhibited the upregulation of GRP78 by dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 106-121 sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 2-8 31682592-9 2019 A Sig-1R-specific inhibitor reduced GRP78 expression and partially inhibited the upregulation of GRP78 by dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 106-121 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 97-102 31362246-2 2019 The primary plasma metabolites of DMTD are its direct N-glucuronides, namely N3-glucuronide of dexmedetomidine (DG1) and N1-glucuronide of dexmedetomidine (DG2), accounting for 41% of DMTD metabolism in healthy volunteers. Dexmedetomidine 34-38 desmoglein 1 Homo sapiens 112-115 31362246-2 2019 The primary plasma metabolites of DMTD are its direct N-glucuronides, namely N3-glucuronide of dexmedetomidine (DG1) and N1-glucuronide of dexmedetomidine (DG2), accounting for 41% of DMTD metabolism in healthy volunteers. Dexmedetomidine 95-110 desmoglein 1 Homo sapiens 112-115 31362246-13 2019 This description of the pharmacokinetics of DMTD, DG1, and DG2 in ICU patients is novel and suggests that pathophysiological changes in critically ill patients may have potential to decrease the glucuronidation of DMTD. Dexmedetomidine 214-218 desmoglein 1 Homo sapiens 50-53 31185237-8 2019 Dex treatment reduced the levels of ROS, MDA, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in the entire middle cerebral artery territory of diabetic mice subjected to MCAO/R, as well as in primary culture of mouse hippocampal neurons stimulated with 50 mM glucose and oxygen glucose deprivation/reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 60-68 31185237-11 2019 However, these changes triggered by Dex treatment were abrogated by NFAT5 knockdown. Dexmedetomidine 36-39 nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 Mus musculus 68-73 31543455-12 2019 Thus, sleep homeostasis and dexmedetomidine-induced sedation require PO galanin neurons and likely share common mechanisms. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Mus musculus 72-79 31604428-7 2019 Dexmedetomidine added to ropivacaine for transversus abdominis plane block significantly reduced serum levels of cortisol, norepinephrine, epinephrine, interleukin-6, blood glucose, mean arterial pressure and heart rate in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), accompanied with decreased anesthetic and opioid consumption during the operation (P < 0.05), but the high dose of dexmedetomidine induced higher incidences of bradycardia than low or medium dose of dexmedetomidine (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 152-165 31631971-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neuroinflammation In LPS-Stimulated BV2 Microglia Cells Through Upregulation Of miR-340. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 340 Mus musculus 107-114 31631971-11 2019 Results: The level of miR-340 was significantly upregulated in Dex-treated BV2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 63-66 microRNA 340 Mus musculus 22-29 31631971-12 2019 Meanwhile, the level of NF-kappaB was significantly increased in BV2 cells following infection with lenti-NF-kappaB, which was markedly reversed by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 148-151 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 24-33 31631971-12 2019 Meanwhile, the level of NF-kappaB was significantly increased in BV2 cells following infection with lenti-NF-kappaB, which was markedly reversed by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 148-151 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 106-115 31631971-13 2019 LPS markedly increased the expression of NF-kappaB and proinflammatory cytokines in BV2 cells, which were reversed in the presence of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 134-137 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 41-50 31631971-14 2019 Moreover, miR-340 mimics enhanced the anti-inflammatory effects of Dex in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells via inhibiting NF-kappaB and proinflammatory cytokines. Dexmedetomidine 67-70 microRNA 340 Mus musculus 10-17 31631971-14 2019 Moreover, miR-340 mimics enhanced the anti-inflammatory effects of Dex in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells via inhibiting NF-kappaB and proinflammatory cytokines. Dexmedetomidine 67-70 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 114-123 31631971-16 2019 Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggested that Dex might exert anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells via upregulation of miR-340. Dexmedetomidine 55-58 microRNA 340 Mus musculus 145-152 31545263-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury in rats by inhibition of caveolin-1 downstream signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caveolin 1 Rattus norvegicus 97-107 30985379-1 2019 BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha2-adrenergic agonist, which is increasingly used in pediatric anesthesia and intensive care. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 50-56 31008751-1 2019 BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine is a highly selective alpha2-adrenergic agonist, which is increasingly used in pediatric anesthesia and intensive care. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 50-56 31545263-2 2019 Studies have proved Dexmedetomidine (Dex) inhibits inflammatory response to mitigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and protect against multiorgan injury in various scenarios via restraining TLR-4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 20-35 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 197-202 31545263-2 2019 Studies have proved Dexmedetomidine (Dex) inhibits inflammatory response to mitigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI and protect against multiorgan injury in various scenarios via restraining TLR-4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 20-23 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 197-202 31545263-15 2019 Besides, Dex pretreatment obviously decreased the W/D weight ratio of lung tissue, attenuated MPO activity significantly, along with LPS-stimulated augment of lung inflammatory cells infiltration in BALF. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 94-97 31545263-16 2019 Moreover, compared with LPS model group, Dex pretreatment apparently increased the protein levels of Cav-1 downregulated by sepsis and decreased the protein levels of TLR-4 and NF-kappaB in lung tissue. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 caveolin 1 Rattus norvegicus 101-106 31545263-16 2019 Moreover, compared with LPS model group, Dex pretreatment apparently increased the protein levels of Cav-1 downregulated by sepsis and decreased the protein levels of TLR-4 and NF-kappaB in lung tissue. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 167-172 31545263-17 2019 Furthermore, Dex pretreatment apparently upregulated the expression of Cav-1 mRNA, restrained TLR4 and NF-kappaB mRNA. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 caveolin 1 Rattus norvegicus 71-76 31545263-17 2019 Furthermore, Dex pretreatment apparently upregulated the expression of Cav-1 mRNA, restrained TLR4 and NF-kappaB mRNA. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 94-98 31545263-18 2019 CONCLUSION: Dex pretreatment protects against LPS-induced ALI via inhibiting the activation of the TLR-4/NF-kB signaling pathway by upregulating the expression of Cav-1 downregulated by sepsis. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 99-104 31185248-5 2019 Then, we treated HIBD mice with dexmedetomidine (DEX) and then up- or down-regulated the expression of MALAT1, miR-429 and WNT1 in HIBD mice and neurons. Dexmedetomidine 32-47 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (non-coding RNA) Mus musculus 103-109 31185248-5 2019 Then, we treated HIBD mice with dexmedetomidine (DEX) and then up- or down-regulated the expression of MALAT1, miR-429 and WNT1 in HIBD mice and neurons. Dexmedetomidine 32-47 microRNA 429 Mus musculus 111-118 31185248-5 2019 Then, we treated HIBD mice with dexmedetomidine (DEX) and then up- or down-regulated the expression of MALAT1, miR-429 and WNT1 in HIBD mice and neurons. Dexmedetomidine 32-47 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 Mus musculus 123-127 31185248-5 2019 Then, we treated HIBD mice with dexmedetomidine (DEX) and then up- or down-regulated the expression of MALAT1, miR-429 and WNT1 in HIBD mice and neurons. Dexmedetomidine 49-52 microRNA 429 Mus musculus 111-118 31185248-5 2019 Then, we treated HIBD mice with dexmedetomidine (DEX) and then up- or down-regulated the expression of MALAT1, miR-429 and WNT1 in HIBD mice and neurons. Dexmedetomidine 49-52 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 Mus musculus 123-127 31185248-9 2019 Interestingly, MALAT1 silencing was observed to enhance the cerebral protection of DEX against HIBD. Dexmedetomidine 83-86 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (non-coding RNA) Mus musculus 15-21 31185248-12 2019 Taken together, this study demonstrates that silencing of MALAT1 enhances the cerebral protection of DEX against HIBD by suppressing WNT1 expression through miR-429. Dexmedetomidine 101-104 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (non-coding RNA) Mus musculus 58-64 31185248-12 2019 Taken together, this study demonstrates that silencing of MALAT1 enhances the cerebral protection of DEX against HIBD by suppressing WNT1 expression through miR-429. Dexmedetomidine 101-104 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 Mus musculus 133-137 31185248-12 2019 Taken together, this study demonstrates that silencing of MALAT1 enhances the cerebral protection of DEX against HIBD by suppressing WNT1 expression through miR-429. Dexmedetomidine 101-104 microRNA 429 Mus musculus 157-164 31572546-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine attenuates oxidative/nitrative stress in lung tissues of septic mice partly via activating heme oxygenase-1. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 107-123 31572546-2 2019 The present study aimed to determine whether dexmedetomidine (Dex) exhibits antioxidative and antinitrative effects on sepsis-induced lung injury and its effect on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activation. Dexmedetomidine 45-60 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 164-180 31572546-2 2019 The present study aimed to determine whether dexmedetomidine (Dex) exhibits antioxidative and antinitrative effects on sepsis-induced lung injury and its effect on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activation. Dexmedetomidine 45-60 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 182-186 31572546-2 2019 The present study aimed to determine whether dexmedetomidine (Dex) exhibits antioxidative and antinitrative effects on sepsis-induced lung injury and its effect on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activation. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 164-180 31572546-2 2019 The present study aimed to determine whether dexmedetomidine (Dex) exhibits antioxidative and antinitrative effects on sepsis-induced lung injury and its effect on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activation. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 182-186 31572546-7 2019 Also Dex inhibited the elevation of serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and increased lung HO-1 activity. Dexmedetomidine 5-8 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 42-87 31572546-7 2019 Also Dex inhibited the elevation of serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and increased lung HO-1 activity. Dexmedetomidine 5-8 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 107-111 31572546-8 2019 Furthermore, the effects of Dex were partially reverted by the HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 63-67 31572546-9 2019 In conclusion, Dex inhibited oxidative/nitrative stress in sepsis and attenuated sepsis-induced acute lung injury partially by increasing HO-1 activity. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 138-142 31301770-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine inhibits apoptosis and expression of COX-2 induced by lipopolysaccharide in primary human alveolar epithelial type 2 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 53-58 31301770-7 2019 Moreover, DEX significantly reduced the expression of COX-2 as well as prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Dexmedetomidine 10-13 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 54-59 31301770-7 2019 Moreover, DEX significantly reduced the expression of COX-2 as well as prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Dexmedetomidine 10-13 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 98-125 31301770-7 2019 Moreover, DEX significantly reduced the expression of COX-2 as well as prostaglandinE2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Dexmedetomidine 10-13 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 127-136 31478596-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neuroinflammatory-Induced Apoptosis after Traumatic Brain Injury via Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 96-100 31478596-9 2019 Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and PCR results revealed that DEX promoted Nrf2 expression and upregulated expression of the Nrf2 downstream factors, HO-1 and NQO-1. Dexmedetomidine 66-69 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 79-83 31478596-9 2019 Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and PCR results revealed that DEX promoted Nrf2 expression and upregulated expression of the Nrf2 downstream factors, HO-1 and NQO-1. Dexmedetomidine 66-69 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 129-133 31478596-9 2019 Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and PCR results revealed that DEX promoted Nrf2 expression and upregulated expression of the Nrf2 downstream factors, HO-1 and NQO-1. Dexmedetomidine 66-69 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 154-158 31478596-9 2019 Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and PCR results revealed that DEX promoted Nrf2 expression and upregulated expression of the Nrf2 downstream factors, HO-1 and NQO-1. Dexmedetomidine 66-69 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 163-168 31478596-10 2019 Furthermore, DEX treatment markedly prevented the downregulation of inflammatory response factors, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and NF-kappaB, and IL-6. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 99-108 31478596-10 2019 Furthermore, DEX treatment markedly prevented the downregulation of inflammatory response factors, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and NF-kappaB, and IL-6. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 110-118 31478596-10 2019 Furthermore, DEX treatment markedly prevented the downregulation of inflammatory response factors, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and NF-kappaB, and IL-6. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 138-142 31478596-11 2019 INTERPRETATION: Administering DEX attenuated inflammation-induced brain injury in a TBI model, potentially via the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 115-119 31399842-7 2019 Propofol (vs. either a benzodiazepine or dexmedetomidine) was associated with more total SCAEs (268 vs. 126, p < 0.001) but a lower incidence (per 106 days of sedative exposure) of SCAE (7 vs. 13, p = 0.0001) and cardiac arrest [6.3 (benzodiazepine) vs. 6.7 (dexmedetomidine) vs. 1.4 (propofol), p < 0.0001]. Dexmedetomidine 41-56 DNA polymerase gamma, catalytic subunit Homo sapiens 89-93 31254953-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine ameliorates LPS induced acute lung injury via GSK-3beta/STAT3-NF-kappaB signaling pathway in rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha Rattus norvegicus 62-71 31254953-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine ameliorates LPS induced acute lung injury via GSK-3beta/STAT3-NF-kappaB signaling pathway in rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 72-77 31190218-0 2019 The Pathway of Let-7a-1/2-3p and HMGB1 Mediated Dexmedetomidine Inhibiting Microglia Activation in Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Mice. Dexmedetomidine 48-63 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 33-38 31190218-8 2019 In OGD/R-stimulated microglia, DEX treatment also caused the inactivation of cells, the upregulation of let-7a-1/2-3p expression, and the downregulation of HMGB1 expression. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 156-161 31190218-12 2019 DEX inhibits the activation of microglial cell in the spinal cord of SCIRI mice, mediated by the let-7a-1/2-3p/HMGB1 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 111-116 31402961-12 2019 Dexmedetomidine can significantly improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with colorectal cancer, and the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction can be affected by age, duration of anesthesia, intraoperative blood loss and the high expression of IL-6 and S-100beta. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 267-271 31402961-12 2019 Dexmedetomidine can significantly improve postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients with colorectal cancer, and the occurrence of cognitive dysfunction can be affected by age, duration of anesthesia, intraoperative blood loss and the high expression of IL-6 and S-100beta. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 276-285 31175921-4 2019 At 0.015-1.5 muM, DEX concentration-dependently inhibited androgen secretion and downregulated Cyp17a1 and Srd5a1 mRNA levels. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 cytochrome P450, family 17, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 95-102 31175921-4 2019 At 0.015-1.5 muM, DEX concentration-dependently inhibited androgen secretion and downregulated Cyp17a1 and Srd5a1 mRNA levels. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 Cricetulus griseus 107-113 31395482-10 2019 Mean +- standard deviation dexmedetomidine plasma concentrations at 30, 60 and 90 minutes with treatment DL were 0.22 +- 0.05, 0.29 +- 0.07 and 0.33 +- 0.08 ng mL-1, and with treatment DH were 0.65 +- 0.11, 0.89 +- 0.10 and 1.01 +- 0.10 ng mL-1. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 160-164 31827710-2 2019 We investigated whether Dex protects against AGI through antioxidative stress effects by the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidative signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 93-97 31827710-2 2019 We investigated whether Dex protects against AGI through antioxidative stress effects by the Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidative signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 98-102 31827710-7 2019 Dex attenuated OALT-induced oxidative stress and intestinal injury, which was abolished by the pretreatment with the nonspecific alpha 2A-AR siRNA blocker atipamezole and the specific alpha 2A-AR siRNA blocker BRL-44408, but not by the specific 2B/C-AR siRNA blocker ARC239. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 129-140 31827710-7 2019 Dex attenuated OALT-induced oxidative stress and intestinal injury, which was abolished by the pretreatment with the nonspecific alpha 2A-AR siRNA blocker atipamezole and the specific alpha 2A-AR siRNA blocker BRL-44408, but not by the specific 2B/C-AR siRNA blocker ARC239. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 184-195 31827710-8 2019 Silencing of alpha 2A-AR siRNA also attenuated the protective role of Dex on alleviating oxidative stress in IEC-6 cells subjected to H/R. Dexmedetomidine 70-73 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 13-24 31827710-9 2019 Dex exerted its protective effects by activating Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidative signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 49-53 31827710-9 2019 Dex exerted its protective effects by activating Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidative signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-58 31243816-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation via regulating the TLR4/NOX4/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 92-97 31243816-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation via regulating the TLR4/NOX4/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 141-145 31243816-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation via regulating the TLR4/NOX4/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 146-150 31243816-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation via regulating the TLR4/NOX4/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 151-160 31243816-2 2019 In this study, the protective molecular mechanism of DEX in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury was investigated and its potential pharmacological targets from the perspective of inhibiting oxidative stress damage and the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Dexmedetomidine 53-56 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 239-288 31243816-2 2019 In this study, the protective molecular mechanism of DEX in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury was investigated and its potential pharmacological targets from the perspective of inhibiting oxidative stress damage and the nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Dexmedetomidine 53-56 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 290-295 31243816-4 2019 DEX also ameliorated oxidative stress damage by reducing the contents of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, and increasing the level of glutathione, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 catalase Homo sapiens 230-238 31243816-5 2019 In addition, DEX prevented nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation and I-kappa B (IkappaB) phosphorylation, as well as the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated protein and downstream IL-18 and IL-1beta. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 27-49 31243816-5 2019 In addition, DEX prevented nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation and I-kappa B (IkappaB) phosphorylation, as well as the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated protein and downstream IL-18 and IL-1beta. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 51-60 31243816-5 2019 In addition, DEX prevented nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation and I-kappa B (IkappaB) phosphorylation, as well as the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated protein and downstream IL-18 and IL-1beta. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 144-149 31243816-5 2019 In addition, DEX prevented nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation and I-kappa B (IkappaB) phosphorylation, as well as the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated protein and downstream IL-18 and IL-1beta. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 interleukin 18 Homo sapiens 197-202 31243816-5 2019 In addition, DEX prevented nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation and I-kappa B (IkappaB) phosphorylation, as well as the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated protein and downstream IL-18 and IL-1beta. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 207-215 31243816-6 2019 The messengerRNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4), NF-kappaB, and NLRP3 were also significantly reduced by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 160-163 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 51-71 31243816-6 2019 The messengerRNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4), NF-kappaB, and NLRP3 were also significantly reduced by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 160-163 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 73-77 31243816-6 2019 The messengerRNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4), NF-kappaB, and NLRP3 were also significantly reduced by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 160-163 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 80-95 31243816-6 2019 The messengerRNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4), NF-kappaB, and NLRP3 were also significantly reduced by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 160-163 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 97-101 31243816-6 2019 The messengerRNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4), NF-kappaB, and NLRP3 were also significantly reduced by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 160-163 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 104-113 31243816-6 2019 The messengerRNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4), NF-kappaB, and NLRP3 were also significantly reduced by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 160-163 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 119-124 31243816-8 2019 Interestingly, the protective effects of DEX were reversed by atipamezole-an alpha 2 adrenal receptor (alpha2 AR) inhibitor, whereas idazoxan-an imidazoline receptor (IR) inhibitor failed to reverse this change. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 103-109 31243816-9 2019 In conclusion, DEX attenuated LPS-induced AKI by inhibiting oxidative stress damage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via regulating the TLR4/NOX4/NF-kappaB pathway, mainly acting on the alpha2 AR rather than IR. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 88-93 31243816-9 2019 In conclusion, DEX attenuated LPS-induced AKI by inhibiting oxidative stress damage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via regulating the TLR4/NOX4/NF-kappaB pathway, mainly acting on the alpha2 AR rather than IR. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 137-141 31243816-9 2019 In conclusion, DEX attenuated LPS-induced AKI by inhibiting oxidative stress damage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via regulating the TLR4/NOX4/NF-kappaB pathway, mainly acting on the alpha2 AR rather than IR. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 142-146 31243816-9 2019 In conclusion, DEX attenuated LPS-induced AKI by inhibiting oxidative stress damage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via regulating the TLR4/NOX4/NF-kappaB pathway, mainly acting on the alpha2 AR rather than IR. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 147-156 31243816-9 2019 In conclusion, DEX attenuated LPS-induced AKI by inhibiting oxidative stress damage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via regulating the TLR4/NOX4/NF-kappaB pathway, mainly acting on the alpha2 AR rather than IR. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 187-193 31220473-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine protects neurons from kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity by activating BDNF signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 87-91 31220473-8 2019 Dexmedetomidine ameliorated KA-induced apoptosis, and this neuroprotective effect was accompanied by inhibited the KA-induced caspase-3 expression as well as MAPKs phosphorylation, and reversed Bcl-2 down-expression, coupled with increased Nrf2, BDNF and TrkB expression in KA-treated rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 126-135 31220473-8 2019 Dexmedetomidine ameliorated KA-induced apoptosis, and this neuroprotective effect was accompanied by inhibited the KA-induced caspase-3 expression as well as MAPKs phosphorylation, and reversed Bcl-2 down-expression, coupled with increased Nrf2, BDNF and TrkB expression in KA-treated rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 194-199 31220473-8 2019 Dexmedetomidine ameliorated KA-induced apoptosis, and this neuroprotective effect was accompanied by inhibited the KA-induced caspase-3 expression as well as MAPKs phosphorylation, and reversed Bcl-2 down-expression, coupled with increased Nrf2, BDNF and TrkB expression in KA-treated rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 240-244 31220473-8 2019 Dexmedetomidine ameliorated KA-induced apoptosis, and this neuroprotective effect was accompanied by inhibited the KA-induced caspase-3 expression as well as MAPKs phosphorylation, and reversed Bcl-2 down-expression, coupled with increased Nrf2, BDNF and TrkB expression in KA-treated rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 246-250 31220473-8 2019 Dexmedetomidine ameliorated KA-induced apoptosis, and this neuroprotective effect was accompanied by inhibited the KA-induced caspase-3 expression as well as MAPKs phosphorylation, and reversed Bcl-2 down-expression, coupled with increased Nrf2, BDNF and TrkB expression in KA-treated rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 255-259 31220473-9 2019 The results suggest that dexmedetomidine protected rat brains from KA-induced excitotoxic damage by reducing glutamate levels, suppressing caspase-3 activation and MAPKs phosphorylation, and enhancing Bcl-2, Nrf2, BDNF and TrkB expression in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 139-148 31220473-9 2019 The results suggest that dexmedetomidine protected rat brains from KA-induced excitotoxic damage by reducing glutamate levels, suppressing caspase-3 activation and MAPKs phosphorylation, and enhancing Bcl-2, Nrf2, BDNF and TrkB expression in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 201-206 31220473-9 2019 The results suggest that dexmedetomidine protected rat brains from KA-induced excitotoxic damage by reducing glutamate levels, suppressing caspase-3 activation and MAPKs phosphorylation, and enhancing Bcl-2, Nrf2, BDNF and TrkB expression in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 208-212 31220473-9 2019 The results suggest that dexmedetomidine protected rat brains from KA-induced excitotoxic damage by reducing glutamate levels, suppressing caspase-3 activation and MAPKs phosphorylation, and enhancing Bcl-2, Nrf2, BDNF and TrkB expression in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 214-218 31220473-9 2019 The results suggest that dexmedetomidine protected rat brains from KA-induced excitotoxic damage by reducing glutamate levels, suppressing caspase-3 activation and MAPKs phosphorylation, and enhancing Bcl-2, Nrf2, BDNF and TrkB expression in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 223-227 31611842-0 2019 Upregulation of GLT-1 via PI3K/Akt Pathway Contributes to Neuroprotection Induced by Dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 85-100 solute carrier family 1 member 2 Homo sapiens 16-21 31611842-0 2019 Upregulation of GLT-1 via PI3K/Akt Pathway Contributes to Neuroprotection Induced by Dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 85-100 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 31611842-9 2019 The effect and mechanism of dexmedetomidine on GLT-1 in primary cultured astrocytes were investigated using western blot and RT-PCR. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 solute carrier family 1 member 2 Homo sapiens 47-52 31611842-10 2019 Our results showed that pretreatment with dexmedetomidine improved NDS and reduced infarct volume as well as upregulating GLT-1 expression. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 solute carrier family 1 member 2 Homo sapiens 122-127 31611842-11 2019 Furthermore, using Atipamezole and LY294002, we found that dexmedetomidine significantly increased GLT-1 levels in astrocytes via activating alpha2 adrenergic receptor and PI3K/AKT pathway both in vitro and in vivo study. Dexmedetomidine 59-74 solute carrier family 1 member 2 Homo sapiens 99-104 31611842-11 2019 Furthermore, using Atipamezole and LY294002, we found that dexmedetomidine significantly increased GLT-1 levels in astrocytes via activating alpha2 adrenergic receptor and PI3K/AKT pathway both in vitro and in vivo study. Dexmedetomidine 59-74 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 177-180 31611842-12 2019 Overall, our present study indicated that dexmedetomidine had neuroprotective effects on ischemia stroke and upregulation of GLT-1 levels by PI3K/AKT dependent pathway might be the potential mechanism. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 solute carrier family 1 member 2 Homo sapiens 125-130 31498783-8 2019 Dexmedetomidine administration significantly improved renal functions, by modulating CysC, RBP, Scr and BUN levels compared to the Control group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cystatin C Homo sapiens 85-89 31498783-8 2019 Dexmedetomidine administration significantly improved renal functions, by modulating CysC, RBP, Scr and BUN levels compared to the Control group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 retinol binding protein 4 Homo sapiens 91-94 31564830-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced intracellular calcium overload and apoptosis through regulating FKBP12.6/RyR2 signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 FKBP prolyl isomerase 1B Rattus norvegicus 166-174 31564830-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced intracellular calcium overload and apoptosis through regulating FKBP12.6/RyR2 signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 ryanodine receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 175-179 31564830-9 2019 Moreover, knockdown of FKBP12.6 by small interfering RNA abolished the protective effects of DEX. Dexmedetomidine 93-96 FKBP prolyl isomerase 1B Rattus norvegicus 23-31 31564830-10 2019 Conclusion: This study indicates that DEX pretreatment protects the cardiomyocytes against OGD/R-induced injury by inhibiting [Ca2+]i overload and cell apoptosis via regulating the FKBP12.6/RyR2 signaling. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 FKBP prolyl isomerase 1B Rattus norvegicus 181-189 31564830-10 2019 Conclusion: This study indicates that DEX pretreatment protects the cardiomyocytes against OGD/R-induced injury by inhibiting [Ca2+]i overload and cell apoptosis via regulating the FKBP12.6/RyR2 signaling. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 ryanodine receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 190-194 31957703-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine alleviates hepatic injury via the inhibition of oxidative stress and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 103-107 31957703-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine alleviates hepatic injury via the inhibition of oxidative stress and activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 31957703-8 2019 Dex reduced TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, ROS, and MDA production, whereas it increased that of SOD and GSH-Px in OGD/R-treated WRL-68 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 12-21 31957703-8 2019 Dex reduced TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, ROS, and MDA production, whereas it increased that of SOD and GSH-Px in OGD/R-treated WRL-68 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 23-27 31957703-8 2019 Dex reduced TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, ROS, and MDA production, whereas it increased that of SOD and GSH-Px in OGD/R-treated WRL-68 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 29-37 31957703-8 2019 Dex reduced TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, ROS, and MDA production, whereas it increased that of SOD and GSH-Px in OGD/R-treated WRL-68 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 93-96 31957703-9 2019 Moreover, Nrf2, HO-1, and Bcl-2 expression was upregulated, whereas, in contrast, transcripts for Bax, caspase3, and caspase9 were downregulated following Dex treatment under OGD/R. Dexmedetomidine 155-158 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 10-14 31957703-9 2019 Moreover, Nrf2, HO-1, and Bcl-2 expression was upregulated, whereas, in contrast, transcripts for Bax, caspase3, and caspase9 were downregulated following Dex treatment under OGD/R. Dexmedetomidine 155-158 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 31957703-9 2019 Moreover, Nrf2, HO-1, and Bcl-2 expression was upregulated, whereas, in contrast, transcripts for Bax, caspase3, and caspase9 were downregulated following Dex treatment under OGD/R. Dexmedetomidine 155-158 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 26-31 31957703-9 2019 Moreover, Nrf2, HO-1, and Bcl-2 expression was upregulated, whereas, in contrast, transcripts for Bax, caspase3, and caspase9 were downregulated following Dex treatment under OGD/R. Dexmedetomidine 155-158 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 98-101 31957703-9 2019 Moreover, Nrf2, HO-1, and Bcl-2 expression was upregulated, whereas, in contrast, transcripts for Bax, caspase3, and caspase9 were downregulated following Dex treatment under OGD/R. Dexmedetomidine 155-158 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 103-111 31957703-9 2019 Moreover, Nrf2, HO-1, and Bcl-2 expression was upregulated, whereas, in contrast, transcripts for Bax, caspase3, and caspase9 were downregulated following Dex treatment under OGD/R. Dexmedetomidine 155-158 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 117-125 31957703-10 2019 Knockdown of Nrf2 reversed the Dex effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 31957703-10 2019 Knockdown of Nrf2 reversed the Dex effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 95-104 31957703-10 2019 Knockdown of Nrf2 reversed the Dex effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 106-110 31957703-10 2019 Knockdown of Nrf2 reversed the Dex effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 112-120 31957703-10 2019 Knockdown of Nrf2 reversed the Dex effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, ROS, MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 132-135 31957703-11 2019 Dex protects WRL-68 cells against OGD/R-induced injury by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis via the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, suggesting that Dex may be a potential protector against hepatic injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 142-146 31957703-11 2019 Dex protects WRL-68 cells against OGD/R-induced injury by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis via the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, suggesting that Dex may be a potential protector against hepatic injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 31957703-11 2019 Dex protects WRL-68 cells against OGD/R-induced injury by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis via the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, suggesting that Dex may be a potential protector against hepatic injury. Dexmedetomidine 187-190 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 142-146 31957703-11 2019 Dex protects WRL-68 cells against OGD/R-induced injury by inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis via the activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, suggesting that Dex may be a potential protector against hepatic injury. Dexmedetomidine 187-190 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 31260683-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine protects hippocampal neurons against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis through activation HIF-1alpha/p53 signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 112-122 31260683-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine protects hippocampal neurons against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis through activation HIF-1alpha/p53 signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 123-126 31260683-1 2019 PURPOSE: To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on mitochondrial apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) brain injury in developing rats, and to investigate its regulatory mechanism on HIF-1alpha/p53 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 217-227 31260683-1 2019 PURPOSE: To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on mitochondrial apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) brain injury in developing rats, and to investigate its regulatory mechanism on HIF-1alpha/p53 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 228-231 31260683-1 2019 PURPOSE: To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on mitochondrial apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) brain injury in developing rats, and to investigate its regulatory mechanism on HIF-1alpha/p53 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 217-227 31260683-1 2019 PURPOSE: To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on mitochondrial apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) brain injury in developing rats, and to investigate its regulatory mechanism on HIF-1alpha/p53 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 228-231 31260683-7 2019 Western-blotting and Immunohistochemical results demonstrated that DEX could up-regulate Ngb through alpha2 receptor to inhibit H/R-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 67-70 neuroglobin Rattus norvegicus 89-92 31260683-8 2019 In addition, by adding inhibitors yohimbine and 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), we found that DEX could activate HIF-1alpha/p53 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 89-92 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 108-118 31260683-8 2019 In addition, by adding inhibitors yohimbine and 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), we found that DEX could activate HIF-1alpha/p53 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 89-92 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 119-122 31260683-10 2019 CONCLUSION: DEX alleviates H/R-induced brain injury and mitochondrial apoptosis in developing rats through alpha2 receptor, which may be related to activation of HIF-1alpha/p53 signaling pathway to up-regulate the expression of Ngb. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 162-172 31260683-10 2019 CONCLUSION: DEX alleviates H/R-induced brain injury and mitochondrial apoptosis in developing rats through alpha2 receptor, which may be related to activation of HIF-1alpha/p53 signaling pathway to up-regulate the expression of Ngb. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 173-176 31260683-10 2019 CONCLUSION: DEX alleviates H/R-induced brain injury and mitochondrial apoptosis in developing rats through alpha2 receptor, which may be related to activation of HIF-1alpha/p53 signaling pathway to up-regulate the expression of Ngb. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 neuroglobin Rattus norvegicus 228-231 31257507-11 2019 Additionally, on the first day after surgery, the expression levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB in the hippocampi of rats in the low- and high-dose dexmedetomidine anesthesia groups were significantly lower than those in the model group, and the decrease was more pronounced in the high-dose group. Dexmedetomidine 157-172 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 71-79 31257507-11 2019 Additionally, on the first day after surgery, the expression levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB in the hippocampi of rats in the low- and high-dose dexmedetomidine anesthesia groups were significantly lower than those in the model group, and the decrease was more pronounced in the high-dose group. Dexmedetomidine 157-172 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 81-90 31511215-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: To verify whether dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (Dex) alleviates renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in diabetic rats by increasing the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha). Dexmedetomidine 60-63 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 197-207 31511215-8 2019 The expressions of Scr, BUN, p-eNOS, and eNOS decreased while HIF-1alpha expression increased significantly in Dex-treated rats with renal IR injury (P &lt; 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 111-114 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 62-72 31511215-10 2019 In the diabetic rats with renal IR injury, Dex treatment prior to the injury significantly lowered the expressions of Scr, BUN, p-eNOS, eNOS, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax, decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells, and increased the levels of HIF-1a and Bcl-2 (P &lt; 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 43-46 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 165-168 31511215-10 2019 In the diabetic rats with renal IR injury, Dex treatment prior to the injury significantly lowered the expressions of Scr, BUN, p-eNOS, eNOS, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax, decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells, and increased the levels of HIF-1a and Bcl-2 (P &lt; 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 43-46 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 243-249 31511215-10 2019 In the diabetic rats with renal IR injury, Dex treatment prior to the injury significantly lowered the expressions of Scr, BUN, p-eNOS, eNOS, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax, decreased the percentage of apoptotic cells, and increased the levels of HIF-1a and Bcl-2 (P &lt; 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 43-46 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 254-259 31511215-11 2019 Digoxin treatment significantly antagonized the effects of Dex in the diabetic rats with renal IR injury by increasing the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, promoting glomerular cell apoptosis, and decreasing renal expressions of HIF-1 and Bcl-2 (P &lt; 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 59-62 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 160-163 31511215-11 2019 Digoxin treatment significantly antagonized the effects of Dex in the diabetic rats with renal IR injury by increasing the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, promoting glomerular cell apoptosis, and decreasing renal expressions of HIF-1 and Bcl-2 (P &lt; 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 59-62 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 248-253 31511215-0 2019 [Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride up-regulates expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha to alleviate renal ischemiareperfusion injury in diabetic rats]. Dexmedetomidine 1-30 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 58-89 31511215-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: To verify whether dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (Dex) alleviates renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in diabetic rats by increasing the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha). Dexmedetomidine 29-58 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 164-195 31511215-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: To verify whether dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (Dex) alleviates renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in diabetic rats by increasing the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha). Dexmedetomidine 29-58 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 197-207 31511215-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: To verify whether dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (Dex) alleviates renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in diabetic rats by increasing the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha). Dexmedetomidine 60-63 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 164-195 31762838-7 2019 A comparison of the procedural details between the first and second sessions identified dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist with a short distribution half-life, as a potential cause of coronary vasospasm seen only in the second session in the same individual. Dexmedetomidine 88-103 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 108-115 31762838-8 2019 Since it has been shown that alpha-2 adrenoreceptor-mediated vasoconstriction can involve the coronary circulation, it is thus possible that a stimulation of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors induced by dexmedetomidine caused a coronary vasospasm. Dexmedetomidine 198-213 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 29-36 31762838-8 2019 Since it has been shown that alpha-2 adrenoreceptor-mediated vasoconstriction can involve the coronary circulation, it is thus possible that a stimulation of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors induced by dexmedetomidine caused a coronary vasospasm. Dexmedetomidine 198-213 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 158-165 31545263-18 2019 CONCLUSION: Dex pretreatment protects against LPS-induced ALI via inhibiting the activation of the TLR-4/NF-kB signaling pathway by upregulating the expression of Cav-1 downregulated by sepsis. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 105-110 31545263-18 2019 CONCLUSION: Dex pretreatment protects against LPS-induced ALI via inhibiting the activation of the TLR-4/NF-kB signaling pathway by upregulating the expression of Cav-1 downregulated by sepsis. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 caveolin 1 Rattus norvegicus 163-168 31383789-12 2019 However, Dex decreased the amount of NEDD4 adhering to XIAP, thus protecting XIAP protein from NEDD4-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Homo sapiens 37-42 31383789-6 2019 Chondrocytes were treated with Dex alone or in combination with H2O2 Treatment with Dex alone decreased mRNA expression of COL2A1 and increased that of MMP-3 and MMP-13, thus contributing to cartilage degeneration. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 collagen type II alpha 1 chain Homo sapiens 123-129 31383789-6 2019 Chondrocytes were treated with Dex alone or in combination with H2O2 Treatment with Dex alone decreased mRNA expression of COL2A1 and increased that of MMP-3 and MMP-13, thus contributing to cartilage degeneration. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 matrix metallopeptidase 3 Homo sapiens 152-157 31383789-6 2019 Chondrocytes were treated with Dex alone or in combination with H2O2 Treatment with Dex alone decreased mRNA expression of COL2A1 and increased that of MMP-3 and MMP-13, thus contributing to cartilage degeneration. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 matrix metallopeptidase 13 Homo sapiens 162-168 31383789-6 2019 Chondrocytes were treated with Dex alone or in combination with H2O2 Treatment with Dex alone decreased mRNA expression of COL2A1 and increased that of MMP-3 and MMP-13, thus contributing to cartilage degeneration. Dexmedetomidine 84-87 collagen type II alpha 1 chain Homo sapiens 123-129 31383789-6 2019 Chondrocytes were treated with Dex alone or in combination with H2O2 Treatment with Dex alone decreased mRNA expression of COL2A1 and increased that of MMP-3 and MMP-13, thus contributing to cartilage degeneration. Dexmedetomidine 84-87 matrix metallopeptidase 3 Homo sapiens 152-157 31383789-6 2019 Chondrocytes were treated with Dex alone or in combination with H2O2 Treatment with Dex alone decreased mRNA expression of COL2A1 and increased that of MMP-3 and MMP-13, thus contributing to cartilage degeneration. Dexmedetomidine 84-87 matrix metallopeptidase 13 Homo sapiens 162-168 31383789-8 2019 Mechanistically, Dex attenuated H2O2-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), both of which play key roles in inflammation and inflammatory damage. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 74-122 31383789-8 2019 Mechanistically, Dex attenuated H2O2-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), both of which play key roles in inflammation and inflammatory damage. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 124-129 31383789-9 2019 Dex inactivated NLRP3 through the suppression of NF-kappaB and JNK signals. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 16-21 31383789-9 2019 Dex inactivated NLRP3 through the suppression of NF-kappaB and JNK signals. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 63-66 31383789-10 2019 Co-treatment with Dex and H2O2 increased protein level of XIAP (X-linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis, an anti-apoptosis protein), compared with H2O2 treatment alone. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis Homo sapiens 58-62 31383789-10 2019 Co-treatment with Dex and H2O2 increased protein level of XIAP (X-linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis, an anti-apoptosis protein), compared with H2O2 treatment alone. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis Homo sapiens 64-95 31511215-12 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Dex alleviates renal IR injury in diabetic rats probably by inhibiting renal expression of HIF-1alpha and glomerular cell apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 104-114 31511220-8 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine can effectively alleviate lung injury in rats during CPB possibly by targeting caspase-3 and caspase-9 proteins that are related to PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 108-117 31511220-8 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine can effectively alleviate lung injury in rats during CPB possibly by targeting caspase-3 and caspase-9 proteins that are related to PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 122-131 31511220-8 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine can effectively alleviate lung injury in rats during CPB possibly by targeting caspase-3 and caspase-9 proteins that are related to PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 166-169 31383789-12 2019 However, Dex decreased the amount of NEDD4 adhering to XIAP, thus protecting XIAP protein from NEDD4-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis Homo sapiens 55-59 31383789-12 2019 However, Dex decreased the amount of NEDD4 adhering to XIAP, thus protecting XIAP protein from NEDD4-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis Homo sapiens 77-81 31383789-12 2019 However, Dex decreased the amount of NEDD4 adhering to XIAP, thus protecting XIAP protein from NEDD4-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Homo sapiens 95-100 31378917-12 2019 After treatment with mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (RAP), LVSP and +-dp/dtmax were evidently decreased, while LVEDP and infarction area were increased when compared with those of DEX group (p<0.01). Dexmedetomidine 174-177 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 21-25 31378917-0 2019 Effects of dexmedetomidine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 82-85 31378917-0 2019 Effects of dexmedetomidine on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 86-90 31378917-12 2019 After treatment with mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (RAP), LVSP and +-dp/dtmax were evidently decreased, while LVEDP and infarction area were increased when compared with those of DEX group (p<0.01). Dexmedetomidine 174-177 LDL receptor related protein associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-50 31378917-15 2019 After the combination of DEX and RAP, the expression levels of these indexes were significantly increased. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 LDL receptor related protein associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-36 31378917-20 2019 However, the levels of SOD, CAT and GSH-PX were remarkably decreased after the application of combined DEX and mTOR inhibitor (p<0.01). Dexmedetomidine 103-106 catalase Rattus norvegicus 28-31 31378917-25 2019 After combination of DEX and RAP, the latter canceled the effect of the former on enhancing the expression of p-mTOR and the phosphorylation level of mTOR. Dexmedetomidine 21-24 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 112-116 31378917-25 2019 After combination of DEX and RAP, the latter canceled the effect of the former on enhancing the expression of p-mTOR and the phosphorylation level of mTOR. Dexmedetomidine 21-24 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 150-154 31378917-28 2019 The myocardial protection effects of DEX are mainly achieved through the phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mTOR pathway. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 111-114 31378917-28 2019 The myocardial protection effects of DEX are mainly achieved through the phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt-mTOR pathway. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 115-119 31316629-0 2019 Effect of dexmedetomidine combined with lumbar anesthesia on Th1/Th2 in maternal patients and neonates undergoing caesarean section. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 61-64 31316629-3 2019 Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the effect of dexmedetomidine combined with lumbar anesthesia on type 1 T-helper cells (Th1) and Th2 cytokines in mothers and their neonates undergoing caesarean section. Dexmedetomidine 60-75 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 134-137 31316629-10 2019 In conclusion, dexmedetomidine in addition to lumbar epidural anesthesia reduces the VAS score, adverse reactions and traction response, and promotes the conversion of Th1 cytokines to Th2 cytokines in mothers/nonates after caesarean section. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 168-171 31170676-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine alleviates LPS-induced apoptosis and inflammation in macrophages by eliminating damaged mitochondria via PINK1 mediated mitophagy. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 PTEN induced kinase 1 Homo sapiens 121-126 31170676-7 2019 DEX could promote the clearance of damaged mitochondria characterized by low Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and high reactive oxygen species(ROS), thus exerting a protective effect in LPS treated macrophages, and PINK1 mediated mitophagy is required for this protective effect. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 PTEN induced kinase 1 Homo sapiens 221-226 30919976-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury in rats by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress via the GSK-3beta/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 139-148 30919976-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury in rats by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress via the GSK-3beta/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 149-153 30919976-7 2019 Treatment with DEX and the GSK-3beta inhibitor SB216367 promoted phosphorylation of GSK-3beta, induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increased transcription of the Nrf2 target genes heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1, primarily in renal tubules. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 84-93 30919976-7 2019 Treatment with DEX and the GSK-3beta inhibitor SB216367 promoted phosphorylation of GSK-3beta, induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increased transcription of the Nrf2 target genes heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1, primarily in renal tubules. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 103-107 30919976-7 2019 Treatment with DEX and the GSK-3beta inhibitor SB216367 promoted phosphorylation of GSK-3beta, induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increased transcription of the Nrf2 target genes heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1, primarily in renal tubules. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 166-170 30919976-7 2019 Treatment with DEX and the GSK-3beta inhibitor SB216367 promoted phosphorylation of GSK-3beta, induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increased transcription of the Nrf2 target genes heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1, primarily in renal tubules. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 184-237 30919976-9 2019 These results suggest that the renoprotective effects of DEX are mediated via alpha2-AR and I 2 R-dependent pathways that reduce inflammation and oxidative stress through GSK-3beta/Nrf2 signaling. Dexmedetomidine 57-60 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 171-180 31389589-15 2019 The results of Western blotting revealed that DEX notably reversed the decrease of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in rat liver tissues compared with LPS group. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 108-114 31389589-16 2019 CONCLUSIONS: DEX is able to markedly relieve LPS-induced liver injury in rats and the underlying mechanism may be related to the activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 147-153 30618065-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine improves acute stress-induced liver injury in rats by regulating MKP-1, inhibiting NF-kappaB pathway and cell apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Rattus norvegicus 81-86 30618065-9 2019 DEX treatment also effectively inhibited acute stress-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), P38, and BAD signaling pathway activation, and significantly induced MKP-1 activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 62-85 30618065-9 2019 DEX treatment also effectively inhibited acute stress-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), P38, and BAD signaling pathway activation, and significantly induced MKP-1 activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 87-90 30618065-9 2019 DEX treatment also effectively inhibited acute stress-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), P38, and BAD signaling pathway activation, and significantly induced MKP-1 activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 93-96 30618065-9 2019 DEX treatment also effectively inhibited acute stress-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), P38, and BAD signaling pathway activation, and significantly induced MKP-1 activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Rattus norvegicus 162-167 31389589-9 2019 Lastly, the effect of DEX on the protein expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) in liver tissues was detected via Western blotting. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 55-97 31389589-9 2019 Lastly, the effect of DEX on the protein expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) in liver tissues was detected via Western blotting. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 99-105 31389589-13 2019 Immunohistochemistry results revealed that DEX significantly reversed the increase in Caspase 3 expression resulting from LPS. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 86-95 31389589-15 2019 The results of Western blotting revealed that DEX notably reversed the decrease of phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in rat liver tissues compared with LPS group. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 98-104 30919976-9 2019 These results suggest that the renoprotective effects of DEX are mediated via alpha2-AR and I 2 R-dependent pathways that reduce inflammation and oxidative stress through GSK-3beta/Nrf2 signaling. Dexmedetomidine 57-60 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 181-185 31351473-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine suppresses sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuroinflammation through activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 107-110 31356535-10 2019 RESULTS: The mean cTnI at 24 hours after CPB was clearly decreased in the DEX group compared with that in the non-DEX group (4.16 +- 1.58 vs. 6.90 +- 3.73, P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 74-77 troponin I3, cardiac type Homo sapiens 18-22 31356535-11 2019 TNF-alpha levels were lower in the DEX group after CPB (T1-T5), with a significant difference found at 1-6 hours after CPB (1 hour, 19.03 vs. 28.09; 6 hours, 20.74 vs. 30.94, P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 35-38 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 31356535-12 2019 The IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in the DEX group were dramatically increased at 6 hours after CPB (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 40-43 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 4-8 31356535-12 2019 The IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in the DEX group were dramatically increased at 6 hours after CPB (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 40-43 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 13-17 31356535-15 2019 CONCLUSIONS: In valve replacement surgery with sevoflurane postconditioning, pre-CPB administration of DEX can reduce the cTnI level at 24 hours after CPB and brings synergic benefits of the inflammatory response. Dexmedetomidine 103-106 troponin I3, cardiac type Homo sapiens 122-126 31344138-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine-induced cardioprotection is mediated by inhibition of high mobility group box-1 and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-95 31344138-9 2019 RESULTS: DEX pretreatment significantly attenuated I/R-induced cardiac damage, as evidenced by decreases in short-term injury indicators including myocardial infarct size, cTnI release, myocardial apoptosis, cardiac HMGB1 expression, IL-6 and TNF-alpha production, as well as improvement on long-term cardiac function at 4 weeks post-reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 troponin I3, cardiac type Rattus norvegicus 172-176 31344138-9 2019 RESULTS: DEX pretreatment significantly attenuated I/R-induced cardiac damage, as evidenced by decreases in short-term injury indicators including myocardial infarct size, cTnI release, myocardial apoptosis, cardiac HMGB1 expression, IL-6 and TNF-alpha production, as well as improvement on long-term cardiac function at 4 weeks post-reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 216-221 31344138-9 2019 RESULTS: DEX pretreatment significantly attenuated I/R-induced cardiac damage, as evidenced by decreases in short-term injury indicators including myocardial infarct size, cTnI release, myocardial apoptosis, cardiac HMGB1 expression, IL-6 and TNF-alpha production, as well as improvement on long-term cardiac function at 4 weeks post-reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 234-238 31344138-9 2019 RESULTS: DEX pretreatment significantly attenuated I/R-induced cardiac damage, as evidenced by decreases in short-term injury indicators including myocardial infarct size, cTnI release, myocardial apoptosis, cardiac HMGB1 expression, IL-6 and TNF-alpha production, as well as improvement on long-term cardiac function at 4 weeks post-reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 243-252 31344138-11 2019 Besides, cardiac HMGB1-overexpression nearly abolished DEX-induced cardioprotection. Dexmedetomidine 55-58 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-22 31344138-12 2019 CONCLUSIONS: DEX pretreatment protects against myocardial I/R by inhibiting cardiac HMGB1 production and activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 84-89 31324142-0 2019 MiR-34a affects dexmedetomidine-inhibited chronic inflammatory visceral pain by targeting to HDAC2. Dexmedetomidine 16-31 microRNA 34a Rattus norvegicus 0-7 31324142-0 2019 MiR-34a affects dexmedetomidine-inhibited chronic inflammatory visceral pain by targeting to HDAC2. Dexmedetomidine 16-31 histone deacetylase 2 Rattus norvegicus 93-98 31324142-6 2019 RESULTS: RNA microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction results indicated that miR-34a was downregulated by TNBS induction, but it was upregulated by DEX administration. Dexmedetomidine 161-164 microRNA 34a Rattus norvegicus 90-97 31324142-7 2019 Further studies showed that transfection of adenovirus-miR-34a inhibitor reversed the effect of DEX on the pain behaviors and spinal-cord pro-inflammatory-cytokine generation in CIVP rats. Dexmedetomidine 96-99 microRNA 34a Rattus norvegicus 55-62 31324142-8 2019 Additionally, we found that miR-34a targeted the 3"-UTR of the HDAC2 gene, as evinced by the increased HDAC2 expression in the CIVP and DEX + miR-34a inhibitor groups, and decreased HDAC2 signaling in the DEX group. Dexmedetomidine 136-139 microRNA 34a Rattus norvegicus 28-35 31324142-8 2019 Additionally, we found that miR-34a targeted the 3"-UTR of the HDAC2 gene, as evinced by the increased HDAC2 expression in the CIVP and DEX + miR-34a inhibitor groups, and decreased HDAC2 signaling in the DEX group. Dexmedetomidine 136-139 histone deacetylase 2 Rattus norvegicus 63-68 31324142-8 2019 Additionally, we found that miR-34a targeted the 3"-UTR of the HDAC2 gene, as evinced by the increased HDAC2 expression in the CIVP and DEX + miR-34a inhibitor groups, and decreased HDAC2 signaling in the DEX group. Dexmedetomidine 205-208 microRNA 34a Rattus norvegicus 28-35 31324142-8 2019 Additionally, we found that miR-34a targeted the 3"-UTR of the HDAC2 gene, as evinced by the increased HDAC2 expression in the CIVP and DEX + miR-34a inhibitor groups, and decreased HDAC2 signaling in the DEX group. Dexmedetomidine 205-208 histone deacetylase 2 Rattus norvegicus 63-68 31324142-10 2019 CONCLUSIONS: DEX thus exhibited an analgesic effect on CIVP rats through the miR-34a-mediated HDAC2 pathway and suppressed visceral hypersensitivity. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 microRNA 34a Rattus norvegicus 77-84 31324142-10 2019 CONCLUSIONS: DEX thus exhibited an analgesic effect on CIVP rats through the miR-34a-mediated HDAC2 pathway and suppressed visceral hypersensitivity. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 histone deacetylase 2 Rattus norvegicus 94-99 31308624-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine protects PC12 cells from lidocaine-induced cytotoxicity via downregulation of Stathmin 1. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 stathmin 1 Rattus norvegicus 94-104 31308624-9 2019 Results: Our results showed that DEX dose-dependently restored impaired proliferation of PC12 cells induced by lidocaine,as reflected by the increased cell viability and EdU positive cells, which were consistent with the decreased expression of tumor suppressor protein p21 and increased expression of cell cycle-related cyclin D1 and CDK1. Dexmedetomidine 33-36 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Rattus norvegicus 270-273 31308624-9 2019 Results: Our results showed that DEX dose-dependently restored impaired proliferation of PC12 cells induced by lidocaine,as reflected by the increased cell viability and EdU positive cells, which were consistent with the decreased expression of tumor suppressor protein p21 and increased expression of cell cycle-related cyclin D1 and CDK1. Dexmedetomidine 33-36 cyclin D1 Rattus norvegicus 321-330 31308624-9 2019 Results: Our results showed that DEX dose-dependently restored impaired proliferation of PC12 cells induced by lidocaine,as reflected by the increased cell viability and EdU positive cells, which were consistent with the decreased expression of tumor suppressor protein p21 and increased expression of cell cycle-related cyclin D1 and CDK1. Dexmedetomidine 33-36 cyclin-dependent kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 335-339 31308624-10 2019 In addition, DEX dose-dependently reduced apoptotic PC12 cells induced by lidocaine,as reflected by the decreased expression of apoptosis-related Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 and increased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 compared to the cells only treated with lidocaine. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 151-160 31308624-10 2019 In addition, DEX dose-dependently reduced apoptotic PC12 cells induced by lidocaine,as reflected by the decreased expression of apoptosis-related Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 and increased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 compared to the cells only treated with lidocaine. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 165-174 31308624-10 2019 In addition, DEX dose-dependently reduced apoptotic PC12 cells induced by lidocaine,as reflected by the decreased expression of apoptosis-related Bax, caspase-3 and caspase-9 and increased expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 compared to the cells only treated with lidocaine. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 218-223 31308624-11 2019 Mechanistically, with gain-or-loss-of-function of STMN1, we showed that DEX-mediated neuroprotection by lidocaine-induced damage is associated with downregulation of STMN1 which might be an upstream molecule involved in regulation of mitochondria death pathway. Dexmedetomidine 72-75 stathmin 1 Rattus norvegicus 50-55 31308624-11 2019 Mechanistically, with gain-or-loss-of-function of STMN1, we showed that DEX-mediated neuroprotection by lidocaine-induced damage is associated with downregulation of STMN1 which might be an upstream molecule involved in regulation of mitochondria death pathway. Dexmedetomidine 72-75 stathmin 1 Rattus norvegicus 166-171 31589938-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Lung Injury in Obstructive Jaundice Rats Through PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 81-84 31589938-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Lung Injury in Obstructive Jaundice Rats Through PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 85-95 31589938-12 2019 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine can attenuate lung injury in obstructive jaundice rats through PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 96-99 31589938-12 2019 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine can attenuate lung injury in obstructive jaundice rats through PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 100-110 31589938-13 2019 Meanwhile, dexmedetomidine can reduce the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in obstructive jaundice rats. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 60-64 31589938-13 2019 Meanwhile, dexmedetomidine can reduce the concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-alpha in obstructive jaundice rats. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 69-78 28569132-0 2019 A Pilot Study of the Use of Dexmedetomidine for the Control of Delirium by Reducing the Serum Concentrations of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neuron-Specific Enolase, and S100B in Polytrauma Patients. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 112-145 28569132-0 2019 A Pilot Study of the Use of Dexmedetomidine for the Control of Delirium by Reducing the Serum Concentrations of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neuron-Specific Enolase, and S100B in Polytrauma Patients. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 147-170 28569132-0 2019 A Pilot Study of the Use of Dexmedetomidine for the Control of Delirium by Reducing the Serum Concentrations of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Neuron-Specific Enolase, and S100B in Polytrauma Patients. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 176-181 28569132-10 2019 RESULTS: The median BDNF, NSE, and S100B concentrations were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the common group on the day when delirium was diagnosed and on the third day after delirium was diagnosed. Dexmedetomidine 88-103 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 20-24 28569132-10 2019 RESULTS: The median BDNF, NSE, and S100B concentrations were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the common group on the day when delirium was diagnosed and on the third day after delirium was diagnosed. Dexmedetomidine 88-103 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 26-29 28569132-10 2019 RESULTS: The median BDNF, NSE, and S100B concentrations were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the common group on the day when delirium was diagnosed and on the third day after delirium was diagnosed. Dexmedetomidine 88-103 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 35-40 28569132-13 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Our randomized controlled study suggests that the sedation of polytrauma patients with dexmedetomidine could help reduce the serum BDNF, S100B, and NSE levels, which appear to be associated with the occurrence of delirium in the dexmedetomidine group. Dexmedetomidine 100-115 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 144-148 28569132-13 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Our randomized controlled study suggests that the sedation of polytrauma patients with dexmedetomidine could help reduce the serum BDNF, S100B, and NSE levels, which appear to be associated with the occurrence of delirium in the dexmedetomidine group. Dexmedetomidine 100-115 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 150-155 28569132-13 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Our randomized controlled study suggests that the sedation of polytrauma patients with dexmedetomidine could help reduce the serum BDNF, S100B, and NSE levels, which appear to be associated with the occurrence of delirium in the dexmedetomidine group. Dexmedetomidine 100-115 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 161-164 31351473-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine suppresses sevoflurane anesthesia-induced neuroinflammation through activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 111-115 31351473-10 2019 Treatment with DEX reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and prevented inactivation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 99-102 31351473-10 2019 Treatment with DEX reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and prevented inactivation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 103-107 31351473-11 2019 Moreover, LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, reduced the anti-inflammatory activity of DEX. Dexmedetomidine 105-108 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-48 31099992-9 2019 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine application in the regimen RD3 reduced the consumption of the total dose of nimodipine and sufentanil 48 hr after surgery, prevalence of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm, consumption of narcotic drugs and nimodipine during surgery, pain intensity during the first 8 hr after surgery, and increased both BCS during the first 4 hr after surgery and hemodynamic stability. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 RD3 regulator of GUCY2D Homo sapiens 52-55 31168973-0 2019 Relationship between genetic variation in the alpha2A-adrenergic receptor and the cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine in the Chinese Han population. Dexmedetomidine 108-123 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 46-73 31351473-11 2019 Moreover, LY294002, an inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, reduced the anti-inflammatory activity of DEX. Dexmedetomidine 105-108 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 49-53 31351473-12 2019 CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway contributes to sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and that activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling by DEX could help reduce the neuroinflammatory effects of sevoflurane. Dexmedetomidine 166-169 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 46-49 31351473-12 2019 CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway contributes to sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and that activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling by DEX could help reduce the neuroinflammatory effects of sevoflurane. Dexmedetomidine 166-169 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 144-147 31351473-12 2019 CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway contributes to sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and that activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling by DEX could help reduce the neuroinflammatory effects of sevoflurane. Dexmedetomidine 166-169 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 148-152 31030092-6 2019 Pre-treatment with DEX also inhibited the release of TNF-alpha and suppressed the phosphorylation of c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) in mice exposed to LPS/D-Gal. Dexmedetomidine 19-22 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 53-62 31030092-7 2019 In addition, pre-treatment with DEX down-regulated the expression of cleavage of caspase-3, decreased the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and consequently, reduced hepatocyte apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 caspase 3 Mus musculus 81-90 31030092-7 2019 In addition, pre-treatment with DEX down-regulated the expression of cleavage of caspase-3, decreased the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and consequently, reduced hepatocyte apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 caspase 3 Mus musculus 120-129 31030092-7 2019 In addition, pre-treatment with DEX down-regulated the expression of cleavage of caspase-3, decreased the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and consequently, reduced hepatocyte apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 caspase 8 Mus musculus 131-140 31030092-7 2019 In addition, pre-treatment with DEX down-regulated the expression of cleavage of caspase-3, decreased the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and consequently, reduced hepatocyte apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 caspase 9 Mus musculus 142-151 31026731-0 2019 Involvement of miR-665 in protection effect of dexmedetomidine against Oxidative Stress Injury in myocardial cells via CB2 and CK1. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 microRNA 665 Rattus norvegicus 15-22 31026731-12 2019 RESULTS: Dex precondition down-regulated miR-665 expression in hearts compared to I/R group. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 microRNA 665 Rattus norvegicus 41-48 31026731-13 2019 Dex reduced miR-665 expression and apoptosis increased by oxide stress. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 microRNA 665 Rattus norvegicus 12-19 31026731-14 2019 However, up-regulation of miR-665 exacerbated the changes caused by oxide stress and inhibited the effects of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 110-113 microRNA 665 Rattus norvegicus 26-33 31168973-1 2019 There are differences in individual cardiovascular responses to the administration of dexmedetomidine, a highly selective alpha2A-adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) agonist. Dexmedetomidine 86-101 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 122-149 31168973-1 2019 There are differences in individual cardiovascular responses to the administration of dexmedetomidine, a highly selective alpha2A-adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) agonist. Dexmedetomidine 86-101 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 151-157 31168973-2 2019 The aim of this study was to investigate ADRA2A gene polymorphisms in the Chinese Han population and their association with the cardiovascular response to intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion. Dexmedetomidine 167-182 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 41-47 31168973-9 2019 These findings indicate that the ADRA2A C-1291G polymorphism can affect heart rate changes in patients after intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 133-148 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 33-39 30982711-5 2019 Dexmedetomidine was administered using a target-controlled infusion system to achieve 10 target plasma concentrations ranging from 0 to 40 ng mL-1. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 142-146 30982711-12 2019 Maximum reduction was 77 +- 4%; the dexmedetomidine concentration producing 50% of the maximum decrease (IC50) was 0.77 ng mL-1. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 123-127 30982711-13 2019 Vatinoxan increased MACISO in the absence of dexmedetomidine, decreased the potency of dexmedetomidine for its MACISO-reducing effect (IC50 = 12 ng mL-1) and lessened the maximum MACISO reduction (60 +- 14%). Dexmedetomidine 87-102 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 148-152 30930327-8 2019 The expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and phosphorylated CREB in the Dex group was increased, whereas the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and phosphorylated CREB in the yohimbine + Dex group was lower than in the Dex group (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 71-74 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 33-39 30930327-8 2019 The expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and phosphorylated CREB in the Dex group was increased, whereas the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and phosphorylated CREB in the yohimbine + Dex group was lower than in the Dex group (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 71-74 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 59-63 30930327-8 2019 The expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and phosphorylated CREB in the Dex group was increased, whereas the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and phosphorylated CREB in the yohimbine + Dex group was lower than in the Dex group (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 71-74 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 163-167 30930327-8 2019 The expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and phosphorylated CREB in the Dex group was increased, whereas the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and phosphorylated CREB in the yohimbine + Dex group was lower than in the Dex group (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 187-190 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 163-167 30930327-8 2019 The expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and phosphorylated CREB in the Dex group was increased, whereas the expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and phosphorylated CREB in the yohimbine + Dex group was lower than in the Dex group (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 187-190 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 163-167 30930327-9 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Dex improved ischemic brain damage by promoting signal transduction of the ERK/CREB pathway, which may provide new ways for clinical treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 88-91 30930327-9 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Dex improved ischemic brain damage by promoting signal transduction of the ERK/CREB pathway, which may provide new ways for clinical treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 31230061-0 2019 Effect of Dexmedetomidine-Mediated Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) Signal Pathway on Immune Function and Invasion and Migration of Cancer Cells in Rats with Ovarian Cancer. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 insulin-like growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 65-69 31230061-1 2019 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX)-mediated insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) signal pathway on immune function and cancer cell invasion and migration in rats with ovarian cancer. Dexmedetomidine 62-77 insulin-like growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 93-121 31230061-1 2019 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX)-mediated insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) signal pathway on immune function and cancer cell invasion and migration in rats with ovarian cancer. Dexmedetomidine 62-77 insulin-like growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 123-127 31230061-1 2019 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX)-mediated insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) signal pathway on immune function and cancer cell invasion and migration in rats with ovarian cancer. Dexmedetomidine 79-82 insulin-like growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 93-121 31230061-1 2019 BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX)-mediated insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) signal pathway on immune function and cancer cell invasion and migration in rats with ovarian cancer. Dexmedetomidine 79-82 insulin-like growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 123-127 31230061-9 2019 CONCLUSIONS A certain dose of DEX can effectively inhibit IGF2 signal pathway activation to improve the immune function of rats with ovarian cancer, inhibiting the invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 insulin-like growth factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 58-62 31187143-0 2019 Both GSK-3beta/CRMP2 and CDK5/CRMP2 pathways participate in the protection of dexmedetomidine against propofol-induced learning and memory impairment in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 78-93 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 5-14 31187143-0 2019 Both GSK-3beta/CRMP2 and CDK5/CRMP2 pathways participate in the protection of dexmedetomidine against propofol-induced learning and memory impairment in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 78-93 dihydropyrimidinase-like 2 Rattus norvegicus 15-20 31187143-0 2019 Both GSK-3beta/CRMP2 and CDK5/CRMP2 pathways participate in the protection of dexmedetomidine against propofol-induced learning and memory impairment in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 78-93 cyclin-dependent kinase 5 Rattus norvegicus 25-29 31187143-0 2019 Both GSK-3beta/CRMP2 and CDK5/CRMP2 pathways participate in the protection of dexmedetomidine against propofol-induced learning and memory impairment in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 78-93 dihydropyrimidinase-like 2 Rattus norvegicus 30-35 31187143-4 2019 The present study is to investigate whether GSK-3beta, CDK5 and RhoA pathways are involved in the neuroprotection of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 117-132 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 44-53 31187143-4 2019 The present study is to investigate whether GSK-3beta, CDK5 and RhoA pathways are involved in the neuroprotection of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 117-132 cyclin-dependent kinase 5 Rattus norvegicus 55-59 31187143-4 2019 The present study is to investigate whether GSK-3beta, CDK5 and RhoA pathways are involved in the neuroprotection of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 117-132 ras homolog family member A Rattus norvegicus 64-68 31187143-13 2019 Our results indicate that dexmedetomidine reduces propofol-induced neurotoxicity and neurocognitive impairment via inhibiting activation of GSK-3beta/CRMP2 and CDK5/CRMP2 pathways in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 140-149 31187143-13 2019 Our results indicate that dexmedetomidine reduces propofol-induced neurotoxicity and neurocognitive impairment via inhibiting activation of GSK-3beta/CRMP2 and CDK5/CRMP2 pathways in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 dihydropyrimidinase-like 2 Rattus norvegicus 150-155 31187143-13 2019 Our results indicate that dexmedetomidine reduces propofol-induced neurotoxicity and neurocognitive impairment via inhibiting activation of GSK-3beta/CRMP2 and CDK5/CRMP2 pathways in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 cyclin-dependent kinase 5 Rattus norvegicus 160-164 31187143-13 2019 Our results indicate that dexmedetomidine reduces propofol-induced neurotoxicity and neurocognitive impairment via inhibiting activation of GSK-3beta/CRMP2 and CDK5/CRMP2 pathways in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 dihydropyrimidinase-like 2 Rattus norvegicus 165-170 31045788-10 2019 Furthermore, perioperative dexmedetomidine treatment significantly decreased IL-6 (SMD = -1.31, 95% CI -1.87-0.75, P < .001) and TNF-alpha (SMD = -2.14, 95% CI -3.14-1.14, P < .001) compared to saline/comparators treatment. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 77-81 30958608-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine protects against high mobility group box 1-induced cellular injury by inhibiting pyroptosis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 33-58 30958608-6 2019 We found that DEX protected against HMGB1-induced cell death of BMDMs. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 36-41 30958608-7 2019 In addition, DEX suppressed the generation of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-18 as well as the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and P38. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 46-55 30958608-7 2019 In addition, DEX suppressed the generation of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-18 as well as the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and P38. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 57-65 30958608-7 2019 In addition, DEX suppressed the generation of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-18 as well as the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and P38. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 interleukin 18 Homo sapiens 71-76 30958608-7 2019 In addition, DEX suppressed the generation of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-18 as well as the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and P38. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 111-117 30958608-7 2019 In addition, DEX suppressed the generation of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-18 as well as the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and P38. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 122-125 30958608-8 2019 Moreover, DEX inhibited caspase-1 activation and decreased pyroptosis. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 24-33 30958608-9 2019 Taken together, these findings demonstrate the protective effect of DEX in mediating HMGB1-induced cellular injury, thus indicating that DEX may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the management of infection and trauma-derived inflammation. Dexmedetomidine 68-71 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 30958608-9 2019 Taken together, these findings demonstrate the protective effect of DEX in mediating HMGB1-induced cellular injury, thus indicating that DEX may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the management of infection and trauma-derived inflammation. Dexmedetomidine 137-140 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 31056470-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine reduces hippocampal microglia inflammatory response induced by surgical injury through inhibiting NLRP3. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 114-119 31056470-1 2019 PURPOSE: To investigate whether dexmedetomidine (Dex) can reduce the production of inflammatory factor IL-1beta by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in hippocampal microglia, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response of the central nervous system induced by surgical injury. Dexmedetomidine 32-47 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 103-111 31056470-1 2019 PURPOSE: To investigate whether dexmedetomidine (Dex) can reduce the production of inflammatory factor IL-1beta by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in hippocampal microglia, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response of the central nervous system induced by surgical injury. Dexmedetomidine 32-47 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 144-149 31056470-1 2019 PURPOSE: To investigate whether dexmedetomidine (Dex) can reduce the production of inflammatory factor IL-1beta by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in hippocampal microglia, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response of the central nervous system induced by surgical injury. Dexmedetomidine 49-52 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 103-111 31056470-1 2019 PURPOSE: To investigate whether dexmedetomidine (Dex) can reduce the production of inflammatory factor IL-1beta by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in hippocampal microglia, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response of the central nervous system induced by surgical injury. Dexmedetomidine 49-52 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 144-149 31056470-12 2019 CONCLUSION: Dex can inhibit the activation of microglia and NLRP3 inflammasome in the hippocampus of rats after operation, and the synthesis and secretion of IL-1beta are also reduced in a dose-dependent manner by using Dex. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 60-65 31056470-12 2019 CONCLUSION: Dex can inhibit the activation of microglia and NLRP3 inflammasome in the hippocampus of rats after operation, and the synthesis and secretion of IL-1beta are also reduced in a dose-dependent manner by using Dex. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 158-166 31056470-12 2019 CONCLUSION: Dex can inhibit the activation of microglia and NLRP3 inflammasome in the hippocampus of rats after operation, and the synthesis and secretion of IL-1beta are also reduced in a dose-dependent manner by using Dex. Dexmedetomidine 220-223 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 158-166 31210339-10 2019 CONCLUSIONS: DEX has a protective effect on LPS-induced AKI, whose mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB/iNOS pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 117-121 31210339-10 2019 CONCLUSIONS: DEX has a protective effect on LPS-induced AKI, whose mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB/iNOS pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 122-127 31210339-10 2019 CONCLUSIONS: DEX has a protective effect on LPS-induced AKI, whose mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB/iNOS pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 138-142 30875657-0 2019 microRNA-128 enhances neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine on neonatal mice with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage by targeting WNT1. Dexmedetomidine 49-64 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 Mus musculus 130-134 30875657-12 2019 Silencing of WNT1 exerted the same effect as miR-128 on enhancing the neuroprotective effect of DEX on HIBD mice. Dexmedetomidine 96-99 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 Mus musculus 13-17 30875657-13 2019 CONCLUSION: Collectively, miR-128 enhanced neuroprotective effect of DEX on HIBD neonatal mice by inhibiting WNT1. Dexmedetomidine 69-72 wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 1 Mus musculus 109-113 30874971-0 2019 MicroRNA-211-5p Enhances Analgesic Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Inflammatory Visceral Pain in Rats by Suppressing ERK Signaling. Dexmedetomidine 45-60 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 114-117 30874971-7 2019 RNA microarray and qPCR results indicated that miR-211 was downregulated by CIVP induction but upregulated by DEX administration. Dexmedetomidine 110-113 microRNA 211 Rattus norvegicus 47-54 30874971-10 2019 Therefore, DEX exhibited an analgesic effect on CIVP in rats through a miR-211-mediated MEK/ERK/CREB pathway, suppressing visceral hypersensitivity. Dexmedetomidine 11-14 microRNA 211 Rattus norvegicus 71-78 30874971-10 2019 Therefore, DEX exhibited an analgesic effect on CIVP in rats through a miR-211-mediated MEK/ERK/CREB pathway, suppressing visceral hypersensitivity. Dexmedetomidine 11-14 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 92-95 30874971-10 2019 Therefore, DEX exhibited an analgesic effect on CIVP in rats through a miR-211-mediated MEK/ERK/CREB pathway, suppressing visceral hypersensitivity. Dexmedetomidine 11-14 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 96-100 30797643-11 2019 The decrease in production of adenosine triphosphate and the expressions of PGC-1alpha, uncoupling protein 2, and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase induced by ICH was restored by Dex treatment. Dexmedetomidine 186-189 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 76-86 29683965-10 2019 Compared with the sham group, CSF levels of IL-6 and CRP in the SAH and SAH+DEX groups, as well as serum IL-6 and CRP levels in the SAH group, were significantly elevated. Dexmedetomidine 76-79 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 44-48 29683965-11 2019 The SAH+DEX group showed significantly lower CSF IL-6 levels than the SAH group. Dexmedetomidine 8-11 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 49-53 29683965-13 2019 CONCLUSIONS: DEX administration reduced the severity of cerebral vasospasm and improved neurological function in SAH rats; this may be closely linked to reduced CSF IL-6 levels. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 165-169 30835822-2 2019 We aimed to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine on cognition up to six postoperative months and its association with changes in serum concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on the third and seventh postoperative days. Dexmedetomidine 33-48 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 153-186 30835822-6 2019 Intra-operative dexmedetomidine reduced cognitive decline up to one postoperative month in elderly patients undergoing scheduled laparotomy, which was associated with changes in serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Dexmedetomidine 16-31 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 184-217 31210339-0 2019 Effect of dexmedetomidine on kidney injury in sepsis rats through TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB/iNOS signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 31210339-0 2019 Effect of dexmedetomidine on kidney injury in sepsis rats through TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB/iNOS signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 71-76 31210339-0 2019 Effect of dexmedetomidine on kidney injury in sepsis rats through TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB/iNOS signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 87-91 31210339-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on kidney injury in sepsis rats through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 66-81 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 132-152 31210339-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on kidney injury in sepsis rats through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 66-81 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 154-158 31210339-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on kidney injury in sepsis rats through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 66-81 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 193-198 31210339-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on kidney injury in sepsis rats through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 66-81 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 234-265 31210339-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on kidney injury in sepsis rats through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 66-81 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 267-271 31210339-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on kidney injury in sepsis rats through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 83-86 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 132-152 31210339-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on kidney injury in sepsis rats through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 83-86 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 154-158 31210339-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on kidney injury in sepsis rats through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 83-86 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 193-198 31210339-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on kidney injury in sepsis rats through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 83-86 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 234-265 31210339-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on kidney injury in sepsis rats through the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 83-86 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 267-271 30959098-9 2019 The number of NeuN-positive cells in the CA1 region was significantly decreased in the DEX 0 and 6.6 groups compared with the sham, control and DEX 25 groups. Dexmedetomidine 87-90 RNA binding fox-1 homolog 3 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 30959098-9 2019 The number of NeuN-positive cells in the CA1 region was significantly decreased in the DEX 0 and 6.6 groups compared with the sham, control and DEX 25 groups. Dexmedetomidine 87-90 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-44 30959098-9 2019 The number of NeuN-positive cells in the CA1 region was significantly decreased in the DEX 0 and 6.6 groups compared with the sham, control and DEX 25 groups. Dexmedetomidine 144-147 RNA binding fox-1 homolog 3 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 30959098-9 2019 The number of NeuN-positive cells in the CA1 region was significantly decreased in the DEX 0 and 6.6 groups compared with the sham, control and DEX 25 groups. Dexmedetomidine 144-147 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-44 31014147-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine improves cognition after carotid endarterectomy by inhibiting cerebral inflammation and enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 114-147 31014147-8 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine improved recovery of cognition after CEA, potentially due to reduced inflammation and enhanced BDNF expression. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 124-128 30826489-4 2019 This study focuses specifically on the role of Sirt1/CD36 in the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and also investigates their response to the alpha2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine (Dex). Dexmedetomidine 178-193 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 152-158 30826489-4 2019 This study focuses specifically on the role of Sirt1/CD36 in the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and also investigates their response to the alpha2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine (Dex). Dexmedetomidine 195-198 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 152-158 30826489-12 2019 Dex treatment gradually increased the proliferation of MCF7 cells in a dose-dependent manner and downregulated the expression of Sirt1/CD36. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 129-134 30826489-13 2019 Interestingly, overexpression of Sirt1 via RSV pretreatment could suppress Dex-stimulated proliferation of breast cancer, accompanied with CD36 upregulation. Dexmedetomidine 75-78 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 33-38 30826489-15 2019 In addition, the promotion effect of Dex on MCF7 cells, which may be associated with the Sirt1/CD36 inhibition, could be weakened by Sirt1 activation via RSV. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 89-94 30826489-15 2019 In addition, the promotion effect of Dex on MCF7 cells, which may be associated with the Sirt1/CD36 inhibition, could be weakened by Sirt1 activation via RSV. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 133-138 31186772-0 2019 Effect of dexmedetomidine anesthesia on perioperative levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in patients with ovarian cancer. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 64-73 31186772-0 2019 Effect of dexmedetomidine anesthesia on perioperative levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in patients with ovarian cancer. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 78-82 31186772-1 2019 Effect of continuous use of dexmedetomidine during general anesthesia on perioperative levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients undergoing radical resection of ovarian cancer was investigated. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 97-124 31186772-1 2019 Effect of continuous use of dexmedetomidine during general anesthesia on perioperative levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients undergoing radical resection of ovarian cancer was investigated. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 141-154 31186772-8 2019 Serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than that in the midazolam group. Dexmedetomidine 64-79 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 6-15 31186772-8 2019 Serum TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than that in the midazolam group. Dexmedetomidine 64-79 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 20-24 31186772-9 2019 If dexmedetomidine were continuously used during general anesthesia, the perioperative serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 could be effectively reduced in patients undergoing radical resection of ovarian cancer, and the perioperative stress response was suppressed. Dexmedetomidine 3-18 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 103-112 31186772-9 2019 If dexmedetomidine were continuously used during general anesthesia, the perioperative serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 could be effectively reduced in patients undergoing radical resection of ovarian cancer, and the perioperative stress response was suppressed. Dexmedetomidine 3-18 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 117-121 31045788-10 2019 Furthermore, perioperative dexmedetomidine treatment significantly decreased IL-6 (SMD = -1.31, 95% CI -1.87-0.75, P < .001) and TNF-alpha (SMD = -2.14, 95% CI -3.14-1.14, P < .001) compared to saline/comparators treatment. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 132-141 31081109-10 2019 In addition, Dex administration further increased the expression of MCT1, whereas decreased the expressions of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9 and -3 in contrast to the I/R group. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 modifier of curly tail 1 Mus musculus 68-72 31081109-10 2019 In addition, Dex administration further increased the expression of MCT1, whereas decreased the expressions of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9 and -3 in contrast to the I/R group. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 caspase 9 Mus musculus 133-149 31081109-11 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Dex elevated the expression of mitochondrial MCT1 and inhibited oxidative stress and the activation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in mice. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 modifier of curly tail 1 Mus musculus 58-62 30659917-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced early acute kidney injury by inhibiting the iNOS/NO signaling pathway in rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 104-108 30179598-12 2019 RESULTS: DEX preconditioning significantly reduced myocardial infarct size, arrhythmia scores and the plasma cTnT levels, and increased the p-GSK-3beta levels. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 troponin T2, cardiac type Rattus norvegicus 109-113 30179598-12 2019 RESULTS: DEX preconditioning significantly reduced myocardial infarct size, arrhythmia scores and the plasma cTnT levels, and increased the p-GSK-3beta levels. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 142-151 30966831-9 2019 Levels of NES and S-100beta protein in the DEX group were significantly lower compared with the control group at all time-points except for T0. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 10-13 30966831-9 2019 Levels of NES and S-100beta protein in the DEX group were significantly lower compared with the control group at all time-points except for T0. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 18-27 30966831-10 2019 CONCLUSION: DEX treatment during surgery for CHD improved oxygen metabolism in brain tissues and reduced the levels of NES and S-100beta protein. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 119-122 30966831-10 2019 CONCLUSION: DEX treatment during surgery for CHD improved oxygen metabolism in brain tissues and reduced the levels of NES and S-100beta protein. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 127-136 30797643-12 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Our results reveal that Dex improves ICH-induced neurological deficits and brain injury by inhibiting PGC-1alpha pathway inactivation and mitochondrial dysfunction-derived oxidative stress. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 115-125 30694428-6 2019 Furthermore, 20 microM concentration of Dex remarkably downregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic protein and activation of caspase 3 while increasing anti-apoptotic protein expression. Dexmedetomidine 40-43 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 127-136 31068301-7 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Dex can alleviate cognitive dysfunction induced by tibial fracture in rats by increasing the expression of CX3CL1 in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Rattus norvegicus 120-126 30659917-9 2019 Taken together, DEX protects against LPS-induced early AKI in rats by inhibiting the iNOS/NO signaling pathway, mainly by acting on alpha2-ARs instead of IRs. Dexmedetomidine 16-19 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 85-89 30798915-10 2019 Several GAs that are commonly used to induce LOC in human patients also activate AMPK (e.g. propofol, sevoflurane, isoflurane, dexmedetomidine, ketamine, midazolam). Dexmedetomidine 127-142 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 30964190-0 2019 Therapeutic effect of dexmedetomidine on intracerebral hemorrhage via regulating NLRP3. Dexmedetomidine 22-37 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 81-86 30856162-13 2019 Moreover, dexmedetomidine ameliorated the altered activity of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 enzyme in the lung tissues of CLP-induced lung injure mice. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 caspase 3 Mus musculus 62-71 30856162-13 2019 Moreover, dexmedetomidine ameliorated the altered activity of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 enzyme in the lung tissues of CLP-induced lung injure mice. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 caspase 8 Mus musculus 73-82 30856162-13 2019 Moreover, dexmedetomidine ameliorated the altered activity of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 enzyme in the lung tissues of CLP-induced lung injure mice. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 caspase 9 Mus musculus 88-97 30964190-10 2019 Moreover, dexmedetomidine administration decreased contents of CD11b+CD45int, IL-6, and IL-1beta, but elevated TGF-beta content in treatment group. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 63-68 30964190-10 2019 Moreover, dexmedetomidine administration decreased contents of CD11b+CD45int, IL-6, and IL-1beta, but elevated TGF-beta content in treatment group. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 78-82 30964190-10 2019 Moreover, dexmedetomidine administration decreased contents of CD11b+CD45int, IL-6, and IL-1beta, but elevated TGF-beta content in treatment group. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 88-96 30810621-10 2019 Moreover, the HO-1 expression levels were increased by DEX administration in lung, liver, and kidney tissues. Dexmedetomidine 55-58 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 30964190-10 2019 Moreover, dexmedetomidine administration decreased contents of CD11b+CD45int, IL-6, and IL-1beta, but elevated TGF-beta content in treatment group. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 transforming growth factor alpha Mus musculus 111-119 30207136-10 2019 At 90 min, IL-6 was significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the control group (P=0.049). Dexmedetomidine 47-62 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 11-15 30858699-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine attenuates the neurotoxicity of propofol toward primary hippocampal neurons in vitro via Erk1/2/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 105-111 30858699-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine attenuates the neurotoxicity of propofol toward primary hippocampal neurons in vitro via Erk1/2/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 112-116 30858699-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine attenuates the neurotoxicity of propofol toward primary hippocampal neurons in vitro via Erk1/2/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 117-121 30858699-9 2019 The dexmedetomidine pretreatment increased neuronal viability and alleviated propofol-induced neuronal apoptosis and rescued the propofol-induced downregulation of both the BDNF mRNA and the levels of the p-Erk1/2, p-CREB, and BDNF proteins. Dexmedetomidine 4-19 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 173-177 30858699-9 2019 The dexmedetomidine pretreatment increased neuronal viability and alleviated propofol-induced neuronal apoptosis and rescued the propofol-induced downregulation of both the BDNF mRNA and the levels of the p-Erk1/2, p-CREB, and BDNF proteins. Dexmedetomidine 4-19 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 207-213 30858699-9 2019 The dexmedetomidine pretreatment increased neuronal viability and alleviated propofol-induced neuronal apoptosis and rescued the propofol-induced downregulation of both the BDNF mRNA and the levels of the p-Erk1/2, p-CREB, and BDNF proteins. Dexmedetomidine 4-19 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 217-221 30858699-9 2019 The dexmedetomidine pretreatment increased neuronal viability and alleviated propofol-induced neuronal apoptosis and rescued the propofol-induced downregulation of both the BDNF mRNA and the levels of the p-Erk1/2, p-CREB, and BDNF proteins. Dexmedetomidine 4-19 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 227-231 30858699-10 2019 However, this neuroprotective effect was abolished by PD98059, H89, and KG501, further preventing the dexmedetomidine pretreatment from rescuing the propofol-induced downregulation of the BDNF mRNA and p-Erk1/2, p-CREB, and BDNF proteins. Dexmedetomidine 102-117 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 188-192 30858699-10 2019 However, this neuroprotective effect was abolished by PD98059, H89, and KG501, further preventing the dexmedetomidine pretreatment from rescuing the propofol-induced downregulation of the BDNF mRNA and p-Erk1/2, p-CREB, and BDNF proteins. Dexmedetomidine 102-117 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 204-210 30858699-10 2019 However, this neuroprotective effect was abolished by PD98059, H89, and KG501, further preventing the dexmedetomidine pretreatment from rescuing the propofol-induced downregulation of the BDNF mRNA and p-Erk1/2, p-CREB, and BDNF proteins. Dexmedetomidine 102-117 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 214-218 30858699-10 2019 However, this neuroprotective effect was abolished by PD98059, H89, and KG501, further preventing the dexmedetomidine pretreatment from rescuing the propofol-induced downregulation of the BDNF mRNA and p-Erk1/2, p-CREB, and BDNF proteins. Dexmedetomidine 102-117 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 224-228 30858699-11 2019 Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine alleviates propofol-induced cytotoxicity toward primary hippocampal neurons in vitro, which correlated with the activation of Erk1/2/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 154-160 30858699-11 2019 Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine alleviates propofol-induced cytotoxicity toward primary hippocampal neurons in vitro, which correlated with the activation of Erk1/2/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 161-165 30858699-11 2019 Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine alleviates propofol-induced cytotoxicity toward primary hippocampal neurons in vitro, which correlated with the activation of Erk1/2/CREB/BDNF signaling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 166-170 31023049-6 2019 RESULTS: DEX administration for hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced with APAP, caused a significant reduction in oxidative injury markers like MDA and MPO, a significant increase in GSH-Px level and a significant degree of amelioration in liver histopathologic scores. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 157-160 30675709-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning Protects Cardiomyocytes Against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Necroptosis by Inhibiting HMGB1-Mediated Inflammation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 120-125 30675709-4 2019 Therefore, we speculated that DEX preconditioning may suppress H/R-induced necroptosis by inhibiting expression of HMGB1 in cardiomyocytes. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 115-120 30675709-7 2019 We also found that silencing expression of HMGB1 reinforced the protective effects of DEX preconditioning and overexpression of HMGB1 counteracted the protective effects of DEX preconditioning. Dexmedetomidine 86-89 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 43-48 30675709-7 2019 We also found that silencing expression of HMGB1 reinforced the protective effects of DEX preconditioning and overexpression of HMGB1 counteracted the protective effects of DEX preconditioning. Dexmedetomidine 173-176 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 128-133 30675709-8 2019 Thus, we concluded that DEX preconditioning inhibits H/R-induced necroptosis by inhibiting expression of HMGB1 in cardiomyocytes. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 105-110 30394918-4 2019 The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that switching from sedation with propofol to the alpha-2 agonist dexmedetomidine may decrease norepinephrine doses in septic shock. Dexmedetomidine 121-136 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 105-112 30206697-15 2019 Increased p-ERK and decreased p-AKT were reduced in the hearts of DEX-treated DM rats. Dexmedetomidine 66-69 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 12-15 30394067-2 2019 BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, recently approved by Italian-Medicines-Agency for difficult sedation in pediatrics, but few data exist regarding prolonged infusions in critically-ill children, especially in younger ages. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 40-47 30394067-2 2019 BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, recently approved by Italian-Medicines-Agency for difficult sedation in pediatrics, but few data exist regarding prolonged infusions in critically-ill children, especially in younger ages. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 40-47 30569136-0 2019 miR-223-3p/TIAL1 interaction is involved in the mechanisms associated with the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine on hippocampal neuronal cells in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 106-121 TIA1 cytotoxic granule associated RNA binding protein like 1 Homo sapiens 11-16 30569136-4 2019 The present study investigated a potential implication of microRNA (miR)-223-3p in the DEX-induced anti-oxidative effect on neuronal cells. Dexmedetomidine 87-90 microRNA 223 Homo sapiens 58-76 30569136-7 2019 Furthermore, treatment with H2O2 inhibited the expression of mir-223-3p and enhanced the expression of its target cytotoxic granule associated RNA binding protein like 1 (TIAL1), and these effects were reversed by treatment with DEX. Dexmedetomidine 229-232 TIA1 cytotoxic granule associated RNA binding protein like 1 Homo sapiens 171-176 30569136-9 2019 The results of the present study demonstrated that DEX may induce its neuroprotective effects by regulating the interaction between miR-223-3p and TIAL1. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 TIA1 cytotoxic granule associated RNA binding protein like 1 Homo sapiens 147-152 30569136-10 2019 Therefore, the manipulation of miR-223-3p/TIAL1 interaction may be involved in the neuroprotective effects of DEX. Dexmedetomidine 110-113 TIA1 cytotoxic granule associated RNA binding protein like 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 30592096-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine protects rats from postoperative cognitive dysfunction via regulating the GABAB R-mediated cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 116-120 30592096-1 2019 This work attempts to discuss whether dexmedetomidine (Dex) can protect rats from postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) through regulating the gamma-aminobutyric acid-B receptor (GABAB R)-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) - protein kinase A (PKA) - cAMP-response element binding (cAMP-PKA-CREB) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 38-53 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 307-311 30592096-1 2019 This work attempts to discuss whether dexmedetomidine (Dex) can protect rats from postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) through regulating the gamma-aminobutyric acid-B receptor (GABAB R)-mediated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) - protein kinase A (PKA) - cAMP-response element binding (cAMP-PKA-CREB) signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 55-58 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 307-311 30592096-9 2019 Dex protects rats from POCD possibly via suppressing GABAB R to up-regulate the cAMP-PKA-CREB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating the hippocampal inflammation caused by surgical trauma. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 89-93 30597158-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in rats by increasing GSK-3beta/MKP-1/Nrf2 pathway activity via the alpha2 adrenergic receptor. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 118-127 30597158-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in rats by increasing GSK-3beta/MKP-1/Nrf2 pathway activity via the alpha2 adrenergic receptor. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Rattus norvegicus 128-133 30597158-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in rats by increasing GSK-3beta/MKP-1/Nrf2 pathway activity via the alpha2 adrenergic receptor. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 134-138 30597158-2 2019 The purpose of this study was to confirm the regulatory effects of DEX on glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3beta) via the alpha2 adrenergic receptor (alpha2AR) and evaluate the role of GSK-3beta in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury. Dexmedetomidine 67-70 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 74-105 30597158-2 2019 The purpose of this study was to confirm the regulatory effects of DEX on glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3beta) via the alpha2 adrenergic receptor (alpha2AR) and evaluate the role of GSK-3beta in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury. Dexmedetomidine 67-70 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 107-116 30597158-11 2019 Our data suggested that alpha2AR plays an important role in reversing the effects of liver oxidative stress and apoptosis via DEX, and that DEX exerts antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effects through regulation of the GSK-3beta/MKP-1/Nrf2 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 140-143 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 216-225 30597158-11 2019 Our data suggested that alpha2AR plays an important role in reversing the effects of liver oxidative stress and apoptosis via DEX, and that DEX exerts antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effects through regulation of the GSK-3beta/MKP-1/Nrf2 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 140-143 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Rattus norvegicus 226-231 30597158-11 2019 Our data suggested that alpha2AR plays an important role in reversing the effects of liver oxidative stress and apoptosis via DEX, and that DEX exerts antioxidant and anti-apoptosis effects through regulation of the GSK-3beta/MKP-1/Nrf2 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 140-143 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 232-236 29975331-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine Preconditioning Ameliorates Inflammation and Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier Damage After Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Down-Regulation High Mobility Group Box 1-Toll-Like Receptor 4-Nuclear Factor kappaB Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group protein B1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 159-184 29975331-2 2019 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of Dex in spinal cord I/R, particularly in the high mobility group box 1-toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor kappaB (HMGB1-TLR4-NF-kappaB) pathway and the integrity of BSCB. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 high mobility group protein B1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 82-107 29975331-2 2019 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of Dex in spinal cord I/R, particularly in the high mobility group box 1-toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor kappaB (HMGB1-TLR4-NF-kappaB) pathway and the integrity of BSCB. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 high mobility group protein B1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 152-157 29975331-2 2019 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of Dex in spinal cord I/R, particularly in the high mobility group box 1-toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor kappaB (HMGB1-TLR4-NF-kappaB) pathway and the integrity of BSCB. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 toll-like receptor 4 Oryctolagus cuniculus 158-162 29975331-5 2019 Dex preconditioning could protect the spinal cord from I/R injury by inhibiting HMGB1 and stabilizing the integrity of BSCB. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 high mobility group protein B1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 80-85 29975331-13 2019 Preconditioning with Dex attenuated the up-regulation of the express of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and stabilized the permeability of BSCB (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 21-24 high mobility group protein B1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 72-77 29975331-13 2019 Preconditioning with Dex attenuated the up-regulation of the express of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and stabilized the permeability of BSCB (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 21-24 toll-like receptor 4 Oryctolagus cuniculus 79-83 29975331-13 2019 Preconditioning with Dex attenuated the up-regulation of the express of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-kappaB, TNF-alpha, and stabilized the permeability of BSCB (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 21-24 tumor necrosis factor Oryctolagus cuniculus 96-105 29975331-15 2019 CONCLUSION: Dex preconditioning may inhibit the inflammatory response and stabilize the integrity of BSCB at least partially by inhibiting the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-kappaB signaling pathway to protect spinal cord from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 high mobility group protein B1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 143-148 29975331-15 2019 CONCLUSION: Dex preconditioning may inhibit the inflammatory response and stabilize the integrity of BSCB at least partially by inhibiting the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-kappaB signaling pathway to protect spinal cord from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 toll-like receptor 4 Oryctolagus cuniculus 149-153 30657579-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine alleviates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by activating PI3K/Akt pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 87-90 30655009-10 2019 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning also increased the Bcl-2 level (0.55+-0.04 vs. 0.34+-0.05, p<0.05) and decreased the level of Bax (0.46+-0.03 vs. 0.68+-0.04, p<0.05), caspase-3 (0.49+-0.03 vs. 0.69+-0.04, p<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 51-56 30655009-10 2019 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning also increased the Bcl-2 level (0.55+-0.04 vs. 0.34+-0.05, p<0.05) and decreased the level of Bax (0.46+-0.03 vs. 0.68+-0.04, p<0.05), caspase-3 (0.49+-0.03 vs. 0.69+-0.04, p<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 129-132 30655009-10 2019 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning also increased the Bcl-2 level (0.55+-0.04 vs. 0.34+-0.05, p<0.05) and decreased the level of Bax (0.46+-0.03 vs. 0.68+-0.04, p<0.05), caspase-3 (0.49+-0.03 vs. 0.69+-0.04, p<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 173-182 30483749-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine attenuates the toxicity of beta-amyloid on neurons and astrocytes by increasing BDNF production under the regulation of HDAC2 and HDAC5. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 96-100 30483749-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine attenuates the toxicity of beta-amyloid on neurons and astrocytes by increasing BDNF production under the regulation of HDAC2 and HDAC5. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 histone deacetylase 2 Rattus norvegicus 136-141 30483749-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine attenuates the toxicity of beta-amyloid on neurons and astrocytes by increasing BDNF production under the regulation of HDAC2 and HDAC5. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 histone deacetylase 5 Rattus norvegicus 146-151 30483749-3 2019 The aim of the present study was to investigate the protection of Dex against Abeta in neurons and astrocytes, and the possible protective mechanisms. Dexmedetomidine 66-69 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 78-83 30483749-8 2019 However, Dex attenuated the detrimental effects of Abeta. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 51-56 30483749-10 2019 However, Dex reversed the Abeta-induced deacetylation of histone H3 and thus, increased BDNF production. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 26-31 30483749-10 2019 However, Dex reversed the Abeta-induced deacetylation of histone H3 and thus, increased BDNF production. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 histone cluster 1, H3b Rattus norvegicus 57-67 30483749-10 2019 However, Dex reversed the Abeta-induced deacetylation of histone H3 and thus, increased BDNF production. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 88-92 30483749-12 2019 These results suggested that the protective effect of Dex against Abeta is particularly relevant to BDNF. Dexmedetomidine 54-57 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 66-71 30483749-12 2019 These results suggested that the protective effect of Dex against Abeta is particularly relevant to BDNF. Dexmedetomidine 54-57 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 100-104 30483749-13 2019 Thus, the present study provides a foundation for the further study of Dex protection against Abeta in animal models and pre-clinical researches. Dexmedetomidine 71-74 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 94-99 30651766-0 2019 HIF-alpha/PKM2 and PI3K-AKT pathways involved in the protection by dexmedetomidine against isoflurane or bupivacaine-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells. Dexmedetomidine 67-82 pyruvate kinase, muscle Mus musculus 10-14 30651766-0 2019 HIF-alpha/PKM2 and PI3K-AKT pathways involved in the protection by dexmedetomidine against isoflurane or bupivacaine-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells. Dexmedetomidine 67-82 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 24-27 30651766-5 2019 In vitro treatment with anesthetics was identified to decrease cell proliferation (P<0.01), the effect of which was then markedly inhibited by treatment with Dex (P<0.01) or a PI3K/AKT agonist. Dexmedetomidine 161-164 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 187-190 30651766-9 2019 Dex protected hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells from anesthetic-induced apoptosis through the promotion of the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibition of the HIF-alpha/PKM2 axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 114-117 30651766-9 2019 Dex protected hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells from anesthetic-induced apoptosis through the promotion of the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibition of the HIF-alpha/PKM2 axis. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 pyruvate kinase, muscle Mus musculus 158-162 32337948-1 2019 AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study evaluates the synergistic effect of cepharanthine (CP) with dexmedetomidine (DEM) on the deposition of beta-amyloid (Abeta) in the brain tissue of senile dementia (SD) rats. Dexmedetomidine 96-111 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 153-158 32337948-1 2019 AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study evaluates the synergistic effect of cepharanthine (CP) with dexmedetomidine (DEM) on the deposition of beta-amyloid (Abeta) in the brain tissue of senile dementia (SD) rats. Dexmedetomidine 113-116 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 153-158 32337948-9 2019 Treatment with CP, DEM and CP + DEM ameliorates the altered expression of NLRP3 pathway and deposition of Abeta in the brain tissue of SD rats. Dexmedetomidine 19-22 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 74-79 32337948-9 2019 Treatment with CP, DEM and CP + DEM ameliorates the altered expression of NLRP3 pathway and deposition of Abeta in the brain tissue of SD rats. Dexmedetomidine 19-22 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 106-111 32337948-9 2019 Treatment with CP, DEM and CP + DEM ameliorates the altered expression of NLRP3 pathway and deposition of Abeta in the brain tissue of SD rats. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 74-79 32337948-9 2019 Treatment with CP, DEM and CP + DEM ameliorates the altered expression of NLRP3 pathway and deposition of Abeta in the brain tissue of SD rats. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 106-111 30657579-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: This research aims to investigate the role and mechanism of PI3K/Akt pathway in the pathological process of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in dexmedetomidine-treated rats. Dexmedetomidine 155-170 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 76-79 30657579-13 2019 In contrast, dexmedetomidine pretreatment decreased the expression levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-1in the Dex group. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 77-81 30657579-13 2019 In contrast, dexmedetomidine pretreatment decreased the expression levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-1in the Dex group. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 83-92 30657579-13 2019 In contrast, dexmedetomidine pretreatment decreased the expression levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-1in the Dex group. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 94-99 30657579-14 2019 Also, the activities of MDA and MPO in lung tissues of rats in the IR group significantly increased after lung ischemia-reperfusion injury, whereas dexmedetomidine pretreatment reversed the elevated activities of MDA and MPO in the Dex group. Dexmedetomidine 148-163 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 221-224 30657579-15 2019 Furthermore, dexmedetomidine pretreatment also improved the activities of SOD and CAT in rat lung tissues compared with rats with lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 catalase Rattus norvegicus 82-85 30657579-16 2019 In addition, dexmedetomidine pretreatment increased the expression levels of HIF-1alpha, p-Akt and HIF- in the Dex group when compared to those in the IR group. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 77-87 30657579-16 2019 In addition, dexmedetomidine pretreatment increased the expression levels of HIF-1alpha, p-Akt and HIF- in the Dex group when compared to those in the IR group. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 91-94 30657579-17 2019 The mRNA expressions of HIF-1a, p-Akt, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 in lung tissue of rats was significantly reduced after dexmedetomidine pretreatment. Dexmedetomidine 119-134 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 24-30 30657579-17 2019 The mRNA expressions of HIF-1a, p-Akt, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 in lung tissue of rats was significantly reduced after dexmedetomidine pretreatment. Dexmedetomidine 119-134 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-37 30657579-17 2019 The mRNA expressions of HIF-1a, p-Akt, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 in lung tissue of rats was significantly reduced after dexmedetomidine pretreatment. Dexmedetomidine 119-134 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 39-48 30860117-4 2019 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on S100b and NSE during TLE surgery. Dexmedetomidine 65-80 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 84-89 30657579-17 2019 The mRNA expressions of HIF-1a, p-Akt, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 in lung tissue of rats was significantly reduced after dexmedetomidine pretreatment. Dexmedetomidine 119-134 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 54-63 30860117-4 2019 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on S100b and NSE during TLE surgery. Dexmedetomidine 65-80 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 94-97 30657579-19 2019 Dexmedetomidine treatment can attenuate lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway at the transcriptional level. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 96-99 30860117-14 2019 Conclusions: Lower perioperative values of S100b were observed in patients who received intraoperative dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 103-118 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 43-48 30442253-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine attenuation of renal ischaemia-reperfusion injury requires sirtuin 3 activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 75-84 30112693-0 2019 Dexmedetomidine Protects Against Chemical Hypoxia-Induced Neurotoxicity in Differentiated PC12 Cells Via Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase 2-Mediated Oxidative Stress. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 119-134 30112693-4 2019 The present study investigated whether Dex regulated neuronal NOX2 to exert its protective effects under hypoxic conditions. Dexmedetomidine 39-42 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 62-66 30112693-8 2019 We further demonstrated that Dex attenuated oxidative stress, downregulated NOX2 protein expression and activity, and inhibited intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) overload in CoCl2-treated PC12 cells. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 76-80 30112693-10 2019 These results demonstrated that the protective effects of Dex against hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity in neural cells were mediated, at least partially, via inhibition of NOX2-mediated oxidative stress. Dexmedetomidine 58-61 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 169-173 31245956-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on hippocampal neuron development process and the expressions of molecules in brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 41-56 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 175-179 31245956-1 2019 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on hippocampal neuron development process and the expressions of molecules in brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 58-61 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 141-173 31245956-8 2019 The expression levels of SYN and PSD95 mRNA in the 50 mumol/L DEX group were increased significantly (P<0.01), and the expression level of BDNF protein was up-regulated significantly (P<0.01), the expression of the p-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor was increased (P<0.01). Dexmedetomidine 62-65 synaptophysin Rattus norvegicus 25-28 31245956-8 2019 The expression levels of SYN and PSD95 mRNA in the 50 mumol/L DEX group were increased significantly (P<0.01), and the expression level of BDNF protein was up-regulated significantly (P<0.01), the expression of the p-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor was increased (P<0.01). Dexmedetomidine 62-65 discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4 Rattus norvegicus 33-38 31245956-9 2019 CONCLUSION: 50 mumol/L DEX has a certain effect on rat hippocampal neurons, which may be achieved by up-regulating the expression of BDNF and the phosphorylation level of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Dexmedetomidine 23-26 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 133-137 30201260-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress dependent apoptosis through the PERK-CHOP-Caspase-11 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Homo sapiens 139-143 30201260-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress dependent apoptosis through the PERK-CHOP-Caspase-11 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 144-148 30201260-6 2018 After Dex treatment, the expression levels of ER stress-related apoptosis pathway proteins (GRP78, p-PERK, CHOP and Cleaved-caspase-3) were significantly decreased and the apoptosis of brain cells was also significantly reduced. Dexmedetomidine 6-9 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Homo sapiens 92-97 30201260-6 2018 After Dex treatment, the expression levels of ER stress-related apoptosis pathway proteins (GRP78, p-PERK, CHOP and Cleaved-caspase-3) were significantly decreased and the apoptosis of brain cells was also significantly reduced. Dexmedetomidine 6-9 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Homo sapiens 101-105 30201260-6 2018 After Dex treatment, the expression levels of ER stress-related apoptosis pathway proteins (GRP78, p-PERK, CHOP and Cleaved-caspase-3) were significantly decreased and the apoptosis of brain cells was also significantly reduced. Dexmedetomidine 6-9 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 107-111 30201260-7 2018 Immunohistochemistry showed that expression and nuclear localization of CHOP decreased significantly after the application of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 126-129 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 72-76 30201260-8 2018 The downstream apoptotic protein caspase-11 mediated by PERK-CHOP was also markedly inhibited by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 97-100 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Homo sapiens 56-60 30201260-8 2018 The downstream apoptotic protein caspase-11 mediated by PERK-CHOP was also markedly inhibited by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 97-100 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 61-65 30568589-9 2018 Immunohistochemical analysis showed that orally delivered dexmedetomidine 100 mug/kg at 2 h into the dark cycle decreased c-Fos expression in the cerebral cortex and sub-cortical arousal systems, while it increased c-Fos expression in the neurons of the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. Dexmedetomidine 58-73 FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 122-127 30568589-9 2018 Immunohistochemical analysis showed that orally delivered dexmedetomidine 100 mug/kg at 2 h into the dark cycle decreased c-Fos expression in the cerebral cortex and sub-cortical arousal systems, while it increased c-Fos expression in the neurons of the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus. Dexmedetomidine 58-73 FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 215-220 30546415-0 2018 Neuroprotective role of dexmedetomidine pretreatment in cerebral ischemia injury via ADRA2A-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in adult rats. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 85-91 30546415-0 2018 Neuroprotective role of dexmedetomidine pretreatment in cerebral ischemia injury via ADRA2A-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in adult rats. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 120-126 30546415-5 2018 The expression of ADRA2A and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in the primary cultured astrocytes and rat brain ischemic tissues was detected in the different conditions prior to and following Dex pretreatment using western blotting. Dexmedetomidine 215-218 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 18-24 30546415-5 2018 The expression of ADRA2A and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in the primary cultured astrocytes and rat brain ischemic tissues was detected in the different conditions prior to and following Dex pretreatment using western blotting. Dexmedetomidine 215-218 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 29-75 30546415-5 2018 The expression of ADRA2A and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in the primary cultured astrocytes and rat brain ischemic tissues was detected in the different conditions prior to and following Dex pretreatment using western blotting. Dexmedetomidine 215-218 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 77-83 30546415-7 2018 Under the normal oxygen conditions, 500 ng/ml Dex pretreatment increased the expression of ADRA2A and phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2 in the astrocytes compared with in the control group. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 91-97 30546415-7 2018 Under the normal oxygen conditions, 500 ng/ml Dex pretreatment increased the expression of ADRA2A and phosphorylated (p)-ERK1/2 in the astrocytes compared with in the control group. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 121-127 30546415-9 2018 This decrease was prevented by Dex pretreatment for 3 h. The hypoxic culture and then reoxygenation increased the expression of ADRA2A. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 128-134 30546415-10 2018 Similarly, compared with those prior to Dex treatment, the levels of ADRA2A and p-ERK1/2 in the brain ischemic tissues following Dex treatment were increased. Dexmedetomidine 40-43 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 69-75 30546415-10 2018 Similarly, compared with those prior to Dex treatment, the levels of ADRA2A and p-ERK1/2 in the brain ischemic tissues following Dex treatment were increased. Dexmedetomidine 40-43 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 82-88 30546415-10 2018 Similarly, compared with those prior to Dex treatment, the levels of ADRA2A and p-ERK1/2 in the brain ischemic tissues following Dex treatment were increased. Dexmedetomidine 129-132 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 69-75 30546415-10 2018 Similarly, compared with those prior to Dex treatment, the levels of ADRA2A and p-ERK1/2 in the brain ischemic tissues following Dex treatment were increased. Dexmedetomidine 129-132 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 82-88 30546415-11 2018 The levels of ADRA2A and p-ERK1/2 were 0.72+-0.23 and 0.66+-0.25 following Dex treatment, compared with 0.76+-0.22 and 0.31+-0.18, respectively, prior to Dex treatment. Dexmedetomidine 75-78 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 14-20 30546415-11 2018 The levels of ADRA2A and p-ERK1/2 were 0.72+-0.23 and 0.66+-0.25 following Dex treatment, compared with 0.76+-0.22 and 0.31+-0.18, respectively, prior to Dex treatment. Dexmedetomidine 75-78 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 27-33 30546415-11 2018 The levels of ADRA2A and p-ERK1/2 were 0.72+-0.23 and 0.66+-0.25 following Dex treatment, compared with 0.76+-0.22 and 0.31+-0.18, respectively, prior to Dex treatment. Dexmedetomidine 154-157 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 14-20 30546415-12 2018 The effect of Dex pretreatment increasing p-ERK1/2 expression was attenuated by AG1478 pretreatment. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 44-50 30546415-13 2018 In summary, Dex appeared to promote phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in astrocytes under H/R. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 55-61 30546415-14 2018 As a specific agonist of ADRA2A, Dex may activate phosphorylation of ERK1/2 via ADRA2A in astrocytes. Dexmedetomidine 33-36 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 25-31 30546415-14 2018 As a specific agonist of ADRA2A, Dex may activate phosphorylation of ERK1/2 via ADRA2A in astrocytes. Dexmedetomidine 33-36 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 69-75 30546415-14 2018 As a specific agonist of ADRA2A, Dex may activate phosphorylation of ERK1/2 via ADRA2A in astrocytes. Dexmedetomidine 33-36 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 80-86 30546415-15 2018 Thus, the neuroprotective role of Dex pretreatment against cerebral ischemic injury may function via ADRA2A-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 101-107 30546415-15 2018 Thus, the neuroprotective role of Dex pretreatment against cerebral ischemic injury may function via ADRA2A-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 136-142 30613136-10 2019 However, the -induced increase in NR2A, EAAT1 and caspase-3 and the decrease in NR2B in isoflurane-exposed rats were ameliorated in the rats treated with single or dual doses of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 178-193 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A Rattus norvegicus 34-38 30613136-10 2019 However, the -induced increase in NR2A, EAAT1 and caspase-3 and the decrease in NR2B in isoflurane-exposed rats were ameliorated in the rats treated with single or dual doses of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 178-193 solute carrier family 1 member 3 Rattus norvegicus 40-45 30613136-10 2019 However, the -induced increase in NR2A, EAAT1 and caspase-3 and the decrease in NR2B in isoflurane-exposed rats were ameliorated in the rats treated with single or dual doses of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 178-193 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 50-59 30613136-10 2019 However, the -induced increase in NR2A, EAAT1 and caspase-3 and the decrease in NR2B in isoflurane-exposed rats were ameliorated in the rats treated with single or dual doses of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 178-193 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 80-84 30613136-12 2019 Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine protects the brain against the use of isoflurane through the regulation of NR2A, NR2B and EAAT1. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A Rattus norvegicus 103-107 30613136-12 2019 Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine protects the brain against the use of isoflurane through the regulation of NR2A, NR2B and EAAT1. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 109-113 30613136-12 2019 Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine protects the brain against the use of isoflurane through the regulation of NR2A, NR2B and EAAT1. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 solute carrier family 1 member 3 Rattus norvegicus 118-123 30537999-6 2018 RESULTS: DEX increased CD11b+CD33+HLA-DR-CD14+ M-MDSC in lung cancer patients after thoractomy. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 23-28 30537999-7 2018 DEX-induced M-MDSC, in addition to have immunosuppressive activity, were more efficient in producing VEGF. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 vascular endothelial growth factor A Mus musculus 101-105 30537999-9 2018 Using an experimental tumour metastasis mouse model, we demonstrated that the numbers of metastases on lung surface and CD11b+Ly6ChighLy6G- M-MDSC during postoperative period were enhanced in DEX-treated mice. Dexmedetomidine 192-195 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 120-125 30537999-10 2018 Promotion of tumour metastasis by DEX-induced M-MDSC involved VEGF, a key factor for tumour angiogenesis. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 vascular endothelial growth factor A Mus musculus 62-66 30374889-10 2018 Plasma levels of syndecan-1 were 0.6 +- 1.3, 9.7 +- 5.9, and 2.1 +- 3.4 ng/ml in the SHAM, NSS and DEX groups, respectively (P = 0.013). Dexmedetomidine 99-102 syndecan 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-27 30396595-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine reduces oxidative stress and provides neuroprotection in a model of traumatic brain injury via the PGC-1alpha signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 115-125 30396595-6 2018 These findings imply that DEX protects neurons following TBI, possibly by activating the PGC-1alpha pathway. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 89-99 30396595-7 2018 The data will help clarify the mechanisms responsible for the anti-apoptosis effect of DEX with possible involvement of the PGC-1alpha pathway. Dexmedetomidine 87-90 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 124-134 30503541-2 2018 An ancillary effect of dexmedetomidine is to decrease insulin release from the pancreas, whereas MK-467 stimulates insulin release. Dexmedetomidine 23-38 insulin Canis lupus familiaris 54-61 30485519-0 2018 Silencing of long noncoding RNA MEG3 enhances cerebral protection of dexmedetomidine against hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal mice by binding to miR-129-5p. Dexmedetomidine 69-84 maternally expressed 3 Mus musculus 32-36 30485519-3 2018 Here, the researchers aimed to determine the role of lncRNA maternally expressed gene (MEG3) in the therapeutic effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in neonatal mice with HIBD through the regulation of microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p). Dexmedetomidine 122-137 maternally expressed 3 Mus musculus 87-91 30485519-3 2018 Here, the researchers aimed to determine the role of lncRNA maternally expressed gene (MEG3) in the therapeutic effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in neonatal mice with HIBD through the regulation of microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p). Dexmedetomidine 139-142 maternally expressed 3 Mus musculus 87-91 30485519-8 2018 Silencing of MEG3 or upregulation of miR-129-5p effectively promoted the therapeutic effect of DEX on neonatal mice with HIBD. Dexmedetomidine 95-98 maternally expressed 3 Mus musculus 13-17 30485519-10 2018 Collectively, the key findings obtained from the present study support the notion that MEG3 silencing enhances the therapeutic effect of DEX on neonatal mice with HIBD by binding to miR-129-5p. Dexmedetomidine 137-140 maternally expressed 3 Mus musculus 87-91 30442253-3 2018 METHODS: The potential involvement of SIRT3 in dexmedetomidine attenuation of renal I/R injury was tested in HK2 cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation and C57BL/6J mice subjected to renal I/R. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 38-43 30442253-10 2018 The dexmedetomidine effects were enhanced by SIRT3 overexpression and eliminated by SIRT3 knockdown. Dexmedetomidine 4-19 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 45-50 30442253-10 2018 The dexmedetomidine effects were enhanced by SIRT3 overexpression and eliminated by SIRT3 knockdown. Dexmedetomidine 4-19 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 84-89 30442253-12 2018 Dexmedetomidine inhibited these changes in mice expressing normal levels of SIRT3, but not in SIRT3-knockdown mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 76-81 30442253-13 2018 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine appears to act, at least in part, by up-regulating SIRT3 to inhibit mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis and thereby protect against renal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 80-85 30391912-10 2018 These results might be attributed to inhibition of inflammatory responses and the resulting lower serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, caused by Dex administration. Dexmedetomidine 144-147 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 114-118 30240660-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine ameliorates lidocaine-induced spinal neurotoxicity via inhibiting glutamate release and the PKC pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 108-111 30240660-4 2018 Dexmedetomidine-pretreated rats were also exposed to a selective alpha2-adrenergic antagonist (yohimbine) or a specific protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (Go 6983) that selectively inhibits several PKC isoforms. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 197-200 30240660-7 2018 Our results indicate that dexmedetomidine protects the spinal cord from lidocaine-induced spinal neurotoxicity through regulating PKC expression and glutamate release. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 130-133 30456861-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats via inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 90-121 30456861-2 2018 Thus, we aimed to study the role and mechanism of Dex in cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 50-53 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 91-122 30456861-2 2018 Thus, we aimed to study the role and mechanism of Dex in cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 50-53 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 124-134 30456861-9 2018 Furthermore, activation of HIF-1alpha expression blocks the inhibitory effect of Dex on neuronal apoptosis in I/R rats. Dexmedetomidine 81-84 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 27-37 30456861-10 2018 Dex may inhibit the neuronal apoptosis of I/R rats by inhibiting the HIF-1alpha pathway and then improve the cerebral I/R injury in rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 69-79 30409131-3 2018 We performed this study to investigate the effect of different doses of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on the expression of Th1, Th2, T17 and Treg cytokines and their ratios. Dexmedetomidine 87-102 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 124-127 30409131-10 2018 The CRP levels were lower in the dexmedetomidine-treated groups in a dose-dependent manner. Dexmedetomidine 33-48 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 4-7 30409131-11 2018 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine exhibits immunomodulatory effects, shifting the Th1/Th2 and T17/Treg cytokine balance toward Th1 and T17, respectively, in a dose-dependent pattern in patients with surgical and anaesthetic stress. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 77-80 30409131-11 2018 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine exhibits immunomodulatory effects, shifting the Th1/Th2 and T17/Treg cytokine balance toward Th1 and T17, respectively, in a dose-dependent pattern in patients with surgical and anaesthetic stress. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 122-125 30391912-10 2018 These results might be attributed to inhibition of inflammatory responses and the resulting lower serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, caused by Dex administration. Dexmedetomidine 144-147 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 123-132 30344660-0 2018 Influence of intrathecal injection with dexmedetomidine on the behavioral ability and analgesic effects on rats with neuropathic pain and expression of protein kinase C in the spinal dorsal horn. Dexmedetomidine 40-55 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 152-168 29842860-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine attenuated early brain injury in rats with subarachnoid haemorrhage by suppressing the inflammatory response: The TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome may be involved in the mechanism. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 130-134 29842860-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine attenuated early brain injury in rats with subarachnoid haemorrhage by suppressing the inflammatory response: The TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome may be involved in the mechanism. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 161-166 29842860-11 2018 Notably, DEX could also suppress the activation of the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 55-59 29842860-11 2018 Notably, DEX could also suppress the activation of the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 86-91 29842860-12 2018 These findings suggested that treatment with DEX after SAH attenuated SAH-induced EBI, partially through the suppression of the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 128-132 29842860-12 2018 These findings suggested that treatment with DEX after SAH attenuated SAH-induced EBI, partially through the suppression of the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 159-164 30344660-2 2018 It also discusses the role that the expression of protein kinase C (PKC) in the spinal dorsal horn plays in the analgesic mechanism of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 135-150 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 50-66 30344660-2 2018 It also discusses the role that the expression of protein kinase C (PKC) in the spinal dorsal horn plays in the analgesic mechanism of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 135-150 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 68-71 30344660-12 2018 Thus, the intrathecal injection of dexmedetomidine may improve the behavioral ability of rats with chronic neuralgia and reduce the degree of pain, which may be associated with the inhibition of the expression of PKC in the spinal dorsal horn. Dexmedetomidine 35-50 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 213-216 29665726-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine Mitigates Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation through Upregulation of Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 in a Rat Spinal Cord Injury Model. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 programmed cell death 1 Rattus norvegicus 87-118 30622965-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine Reduces Diabetic Neuropathy Pain in Rats through the Wnt 10a/beta-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Wnt family member 10A Rattus norvegicus 69-76 30622965-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine Reduces Diabetic Neuropathy Pain in Rats through the Wnt 10a/beta-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 77-89 30622965-3 2018 In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the role of Wnt 10a/beta-catenin signaling in DEX-induced alleviation of DNP in rats. Dexmedetomidine 89-92 Wnt family member 10A Rattus norvegicus 55-62 30622965-3 2018 In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the role of Wnt 10a/beta-catenin signaling in DEX-induced alleviation of DNP in rats. Dexmedetomidine 89-92 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 63-75 30622965-10 2018 In conclusion, DEX alleviated DNP in rats by inhibiting inflammation and astrocyte activation, which may be attributed to downregulation of the Wnt 10a/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 Wnt family member 10A Rattus norvegicus 144-151 30622965-10 2018 In conclusion, DEX alleviated DNP in rats by inhibiting inflammation and astrocyte activation, which may be attributed to downregulation of the Wnt 10a/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 152-164 29665726-5 2018 We found that dexmedetomidine hydrochloride up-regulated programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), an immunoregulatory molecule, in activated microglia but not in resting microglia. Dexmedetomidine 14-43 programmed cell death 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-88 29665726-5 2018 We found that dexmedetomidine hydrochloride up-regulated programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), an immunoregulatory molecule, in activated microglia but not in resting microglia. Dexmedetomidine 14-43 programmed cell death 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-94 29665726-11 2018 Taken together, our study disclosed a novel mechanism underlying the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of dexmedetomidine: dexmedetomidine promotes AMPK signaling in activated microglia via upregulation of microglial PD-1 expression, and subsequently drives microglia polarization toward M2 type. Dexmedetomidine 102-117 programmed cell death 1 Rattus norvegicus 213-217 29665726-11 2018 Taken together, our study disclosed a novel mechanism underlying the anti-neuroinflammatory effect of dexmedetomidine: dexmedetomidine promotes AMPK signaling in activated microglia via upregulation of microglial PD-1 expression, and subsequently drives microglia polarization toward M2 type. Dexmedetomidine 119-134 programmed cell death 1 Rattus norvegicus 213-217 30232232-7 2018 Moreover, the administration of Dex inhibited the neuroinflammation in brain tissue as well as the expressions of NLRP3 and caspase-1. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 114-119 30464393-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine protects the developing rat brain against the neurotoxicity wrought by sevoflurane: role of autophagy and Drp1-Bax signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 collapsin response mediator protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 122-126 30464393-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine protects the developing rat brain against the neurotoxicity wrought by sevoflurane: role of autophagy and Drp1-Bax signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 127-130 30232232-0 2018 Administration of Dexmedetomidine inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome and microglial cell activities in hippocampus of traumatic brain injury rats. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 44-49 30232232-2 2018 Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a highly selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist that inhibits the activation of NLRP3. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 112-117 30232232-2 2018 Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a highly selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist that inhibits the activation of NLRP3. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 112-117 30232232-3 2018 Thus, it was hypothesized that Dex could attenuate TBI by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activity in hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 69-74 30232232-5 2018 The effect of Dex treatment on the cognitive function, NLRP3 activity, and microglial activation in rat brain tissues was assessed. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 55-60 29960167-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis-associated acute kidney injury via an alpha7 nAChR-dependent pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 105-117 29960167-9 2018 Furthermore, the protective role of DEX was markedly inhibited by the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist alpha-bungarotoxin. Dexmedetomidine 36-39 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 111-116 29960167-10 2018 These findings provided novel evidence for the anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of DEX in LPS-induced AKI mice through an alpha7 nAChR-dependent signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 95-98 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 134-146 29990834-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine protects high-glucose induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells through inhibition on p75(NTR). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 TNF receptor superfamily member 1B Homo sapiens 120-123 29990834-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine protects high-glucose induced apoptosis in human retinal pigment epithelial cells through inhibition on p75(NTR). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 neurotensin receptor 1 Homo sapiens 124-127 29990834-7 2018 Moreover, p75(NTR) was overexpressed in ARPE-19 cells, to assess its mechanistic role in DEX-mediated protection on DG-induced apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 89-92 neurotensin receptor 1 Homo sapiens 10-18 29990834-10 2018 Among them, Casp-3 and p75(NTR) were inversely reduced by DEX pre-incubation, but not proNGF. Dexmedetomidine 58-61 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 12-18 29990834-10 2018 Among them, Casp-3 and p75(NTR) were inversely reduced by DEX pre-incubation, but not proNGF. Dexmedetomidine 58-61 neurotensin receptor 1 Homo sapiens 23-31 29990834-11 2018 In ARPE-19 cells, p75(NTR) overexpression was shown to reverse the protective effect of DEX on DG-induced apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 88-91 neurotensin receptor 1 Homo sapiens 18-26 29990834-12 2018 CONCLUSION: DEX was proven to have protective effect on DG-induced RPE apoptosis, possible through inhibition on p75(NTR) and its associated signaling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 neurotensin receptor 1 Homo sapiens 113-121 30338821-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine protects liver cell line L-02 from oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury by down-regulation of microRNA-711. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 711 Homo sapiens 115-127 30338821-8 2018 Dexmedetomidine attenuated OGD-induced apoptosis and inflammation, and dexmedetomidine down-regulated the expression of miR-711. Dexmedetomidine 71-86 microRNA 711 Homo sapiens 120-127 30338821-9 2018 Also, dexmedetomidine blocked the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription protein (STAT) signaling upon OGD. Dexmedetomidine 6-21 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 48-84 30338821-9 2018 Also, dexmedetomidine blocked the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription protein (STAT) signaling upon OGD. Dexmedetomidine 6-21 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 86-93 30338821-10 2018 Moreover, when miR-711 was overexpressed, dexmedetomidine did not protect L-02 cells against OGD, and did not block p38MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 microRNA 711 Homo sapiens 15-22 30338821-12 2018 The anti-OGD effects of dexmedetomidine might be realized by down-regulation of miR-711 and suppression of p38MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 microRNA 711 Homo sapiens 80-87 30338821-12 2018 The anti-OGD effects of dexmedetomidine might be realized by down-regulation of miR-711 and suppression of p38MAPK and JAK/STAT signaling pathways. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 107-114 30396263-10 2018 Dexmedetomidine decreased the immobility latency and increased the expressions of TPH, 5-HT, and D1 dopamine receptor, whereas, HT expression was decreased by dexmedetomidine treatment. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 tryptophan hydroxylase 1 Mus musculus 82-85 30128750-10 2018 The addition of DEX suppressed sevoflurane-induced cell cycle arrest and the inhibitory of BDNF and TrkB expression. Dexmedetomidine 16-19 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 91-95 30128750-10 2018 The addition of DEX suppressed sevoflurane-induced cell cycle arrest and the inhibitory of BDNF and TrkB expression. Dexmedetomidine 16-19 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 100-104 30102002-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury by targeting NLRP3 via miR-381. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 85-90 30102002-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine attenuates lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury by targeting NLRP3 via miR-381. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA 381 Mus musculus 95-102 30102002-8 2018 Dex treatment significantly attenuated lung injury and inhibited the expression levels of the inflammation factors via reducing the level of NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and autocleavage of caspase-1. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 141-189 30102002-8 2018 Dex treatment significantly attenuated lung injury and inhibited the expression levels of the inflammation factors via reducing the level of NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and autocleavage of caspase-1. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 191-196 30102002-8 2018 Dex treatment significantly attenuated lung injury and inhibited the expression levels of the inflammation factors via reducing the level of NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and autocleavage of caspase-1. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 caspase 1 Mus musculus 218-227 30102002-9 2018 Moreover, mmu-miR-381, which targets the mRNA of NLRP3, was upregulated after Dex treatment. Dexmedetomidine 78-81 microRNA 381 Mus musculus 10-21 30102002-9 2018 Moreover, mmu-miR-381, which targets the mRNA of NLRP3, was upregulated after Dex treatment. Dexmedetomidine 78-81 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 49-54 30102002-10 2018 Dex attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury via miR-381-targeted NLRP3. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 microRNA 381 Mus musculus 49-56 30102002-10 2018 Dex attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury via miR-381-targeted NLRP3. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 66-71 30402501-10 2018 The phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3beta was increased, Bcl-2 mRNA and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased, and Bax mRNA was decreased in the DEX group as compared to the I/R group, while posttreatment with Wort attenuated the effects induced by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 140-143 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-26 30402501-10 2018 The phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3beta was increased, Bcl-2 mRNA and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased, and Bax mRNA was decreased in the DEX group as compared to the I/R group, while posttreatment with Wort attenuated the effects induced by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 140-143 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 31-40 30402501-10 2018 The phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3beta was increased, Bcl-2 mRNA and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased, and Bax mRNA was decreased in the DEX group as compared to the I/R group, while posttreatment with Wort attenuated the effects induced by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 140-143 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 56-61 30402501-10 2018 The phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3beta was increased, Bcl-2 mRNA and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased, and Bax mRNA was decreased in the DEX group as compared to the I/R group, while posttreatment with Wort attenuated the effects induced by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 140-143 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 75-80 30402501-10 2018 The phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3beta was increased, Bcl-2 mRNA and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased, and Bax mRNA was decreased in the DEX group as compared to the I/R group, while posttreatment with Wort attenuated the effects induced by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 140-143 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 81-84 30402501-10 2018 The phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3beta was increased, Bcl-2 mRNA and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased, and Bax mRNA was decreased in the DEX group as compared to the I/R group, while posttreatment with Wort attenuated the effects induced by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 140-143 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 110-113 30232232-7 2018 Moreover, the administration of Dex inhibited the neuroinflammation in brain tissue as well as the expressions of NLRP3 and caspase-1. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 caspase 1 Rattus norvegicus 124-133 30232232-8 2018 Additionally, Dex and NLRP3 inhibitor, BAY-11-7082 had a synergistic effect in inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1 axis activity and improving TBI. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 90-95 30232232-8 2018 Additionally, Dex and NLRP3 inhibitor, BAY-11-7082 had a synergistic effect in inhibiting NLRP3/caspase-1 axis activity and improving TBI. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 caspase 1 Rattus norvegicus 96-105 30232232-9 2018 The findings outlined in the current study indicated that the improvement effect of Dex on TBI was related to its effect on NLRP3 activity. Dexmedetomidine 84-87 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 124-129 30250633-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine Ameliorates Acute Stress-Induced Kidney Injury by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis through Inhibition of the ROS/JNK Signaling Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 139-142 30071186-7 2018 RESULTS: We found that Dex exerted a potent anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the expression of M1 marker genes such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (P < 0.05), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) (P < 0.001) and IL-6 (P < 0.001). Dexmedetomidine 23-26 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 123-150 30071186-7 2018 RESULTS: We found that Dex exerted a potent anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the expression of M1 marker genes such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (P < 0.05), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) (P < 0.001) and IL-6 (P < 0.001). Dexmedetomidine 23-26 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 166-183 30071186-7 2018 RESULTS: We found that Dex exerted a potent anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the expression of M1 marker genes such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (P < 0.05), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) (P < 0.001) and IL-6 (P < 0.001). Dexmedetomidine 23-26 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 185-193 30071186-7 2018 RESULTS: We found that Dex exerted a potent anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the expression of M1 marker genes such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (P < 0.05), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) (P < 0.001) and IL-6 (P < 0.001). Dexmedetomidine 23-26 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 214-218 30071186-8 2018 Importantly, Dex improved the expression of microglia M2 markers arginase-1 (Arg-1) (P < 0.01), Flt3-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (Fizz-1) (P < 0.001) and CD206) (P < 0.001). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 arginase, liver Mus musculus 65-75 30071186-8 2018 Importantly, Dex improved the expression of microglia M2 markers arginase-1 (Arg-1) (P < 0.01), Flt3-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (Fizz-1) (P < 0.001) and CD206) (P < 0.001). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 arginase, liver Mus musculus 77-82 30071186-8 2018 Importantly, Dex improved the expression of microglia M2 markers arginase-1 (Arg-1) (P < 0.01), Flt3-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (Fizz-1) (P < 0.001) and CD206) (P < 0.001). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 Flt3 interacting zinc finger protein 1 Mus musculus 99-137 30071186-8 2018 Importantly, Dex improved the expression of microglia M2 markers arginase-1 (Arg-1) (P < 0.01), Flt3-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (Fizz-1) (P < 0.001) and CD206) (P < 0.001). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 resistin like alpha Mus musculus 139-145 30250633-10 2018 DEX also inhibited the release of norepinephrine (NE), decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibited JNK phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 128-131 30245586-5 2018 Dexmedetomidine caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of INa in small-sized TG neurons. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein alpha Homo sapiens 63-66 30245586-6 2018 INa inhibition by dexmedetomidine was blocked by yohimbine, a competitive alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 30250633-11 2018 Additionally, DEX downregulated the expression of Bax, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase 9, and cleaved caspase 3 proteins in mitochondria-dependent pathways. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 50-53 30245586-7 2018 Dexmedetomidine-induced inhibition of INa was mediated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as this effect was blocked by intracellular perfusion with the G protein inhibitor GDPbeta-S. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein alpha Homo sapiens 38-41 30250633-11 2018 Additionally, DEX downregulated the expression of Bax, cytochrome C, cleaved caspase 9, and cleaved caspase 3 proteins in mitochondria-dependent pathways. Dexmedetomidine 14-17 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 77-86 30245586-8 2018 Our results suggest that the INa inhibition in small-sized TG neurons, mediated by the activation of Gi/o protein-coupled alpha2-adrenoceptors, might contribute to the analgesic effects of dexmedetomidine in the trigeminal system. Dexmedetomidine 189-204 internexin neuronal intermediate filament protein alpha Homo sapiens 29-32 30250633-12 2018 In summary, DEX protects against acute stress-induced kidney injury in rats by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis via inhibition of the ROS/JNK pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 145-148 29528863-3 2018 The aim of this study was to investigate whether intraoperative sedation with dexmedetomidine, as a supplementary to peripheral nerve block for elderly patients receiving total hip arthroplasty, can decrease the prevalence of POD. Dexmedetomidine 78-93 hedgehog interacting protein Homo sapiens 177-180 29889105-11 2018 Dexmedetomidine stimulated astrocytes to release brain-derived neurotrophic factor, which acted as a paracrine factor to reduce excessive alpha5 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor function in neurons. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 brain derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 49-82 29851220-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine protects hepatic cells against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury via lncRNA CCAT1. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 colon cancer associated transcript 1 Homo sapiens 104-109 29851220-6 2018 Dex partially reversed the OGD-inhibited expression of lncRNA CCAT1. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 colon cancer associated transcript 1 Homo sapiens 62-67 29851220-7 2018 Knockdown of CCAT1 by siRNA inhibited Dex-mediated protection against OGD/R-induced injury and promoted cell apoptosis, caspase-3 expression and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and inhibited cell proliferation and cyclin D1 expression. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 colon cancer associated transcript 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 29851220-7 2018 Knockdown of CCAT1 by siRNA inhibited Dex-mediated protection against OGD/R-induced injury and promoted cell apoptosis, caspase-3 expression and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and inhibited cell proliferation and cyclin D1 expression. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 cyclin D1 Homo sapiens 220-229 29851220-8 2018 In contrast, overexpression of CCAT1 by pcDNA3.0-CCAT1 enhanced Dex-mediated protection against OGD/R-induced cell injury. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 colon cancer associated transcript 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 29851220-8 2018 In contrast, overexpression of CCAT1 by pcDNA3.0-CCAT1 enhanced Dex-mediated protection against OGD/R-induced cell injury. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 colon cancer associated transcript 1 Homo sapiens 49-54 29851220-9 2018 Thus, Dex protects hepatocytes against OGD/R injury by upregulating lncRNA CCAT1. Dexmedetomidine 6-9 colon cancer associated transcript 1 Homo sapiens 75-80 29528863-11 2018 CONCLUSIONS: As a supplementary to peripheral nerve block, intraoperative sedation with dexmedetomidine could be associated with a lower incidence of POD, which may have benefits on reducing the incidence of early POCD and offering a better short-term recovery for elderly patients receiving hip arthroplasty. Dexmedetomidine 88-103 hedgehog interacting protein Homo sapiens 292-295 30377100-0 2018 [Dexmedetomidine alleviates postoperative cognitive dysfunction in aged rats probably via silent information regulator 1 pathway]. Dexmedetomidine 1-16 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-120 30092666-0 2018 Impact of CYP2A6 gene polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine for premedication. Dexmedetomidine 62-77 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6 Homo sapiens 10-16 30092666-1 2018 BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine is a widely used sedative in clinic, which is mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6). Dexmedetomidine 12-27 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6 Homo sapiens 96-115 30092666-1 2018 BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine is a widely used sedative in clinic, which is mainly metabolized by cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6). Dexmedetomidine 12-27 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6 Homo sapiens 117-123 30092666-3 2018 Therefore, our study determined the dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetics of CYP2A6*4 allele in Chinese patients pretreated with dexmedetomidine whose mutation frequency of CYP2A6*4 are high, in order to provide clinical references. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6 Homo sapiens 72-78 30092666-3 2018 Therefore, our study determined the dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetics of CYP2A6*4 allele in Chinese patients pretreated with dexmedetomidine whose mutation frequency of CYP2A6*4 are high, in order to provide clinical references. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6 Homo sapiens 168-174 30092666-3 2018 Therefore, our study determined the dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetics of CYP2A6*4 allele in Chinese patients pretreated with dexmedetomidine whose mutation frequency of CYP2A6*4 are high, in order to provide clinical references. Dexmedetomidine 124-139 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6 Homo sapiens 72-78 30092666-3 2018 Therefore, our study determined the dexmedetomidine pharmacokinetics of CYP2A6*4 allele in Chinese patients pretreated with dexmedetomidine whose mutation frequency of CYP2A6*4 are high, in order to provide clinical references. Dexmedetomidine 124-139 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6 Homo sapiens 168-174 30092666-9 2018 CONCLUSIONS: In Chinese patients pretreated with dexmedetomidine, T1/2beta was consistent with that published, but T1/2alpha, V and Cl were lower. Dexmedetomidine 49-64 interleukin 1 receptor like 1 Homo sapiens 66-74 30092666-9 2018 CONCLUSIONS: In Chinese patients pretreated with dexmedetomidine, T1/2beta was consistent with that published, but T1/2alpha, V and Cl were lower. Dexmedetomidine 49-64 interleukin 1 receptor like 1 Homo sapiens 115-124 30377100-1 2018 OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) signaling pathway in mediating the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) to alleviate postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in aged rats. Dexmedetomidine 118-133 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-64 30377100-1 2018 OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) signaling pathway in mediating the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) to alleviate postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in aged rats. Dexmedetomidine 118-133 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-71 30377100-1 2018 OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) signaling pathway in mediating the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) to alleviate postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in aged rats. Dexmedetomidine 135-138 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-64 30377100-1 2018 OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) signaling pathway in mediating the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) to alleviate postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) in aged rats. Dexmedetomidine 135-138 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-71 30377100-7 2018 DEX pretreatment significantly alleviated cognitive dysfunction and attenuated the changes in TNF-alpha, IL-6, SIRT1, and NF-kappaB expressions induced by the operation (P &lt; 0.05), and EX527 pretreatment of the rats obviously blocked the effects of DEX (P &lt; 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 94-103 30377100-7 2018 DEX pretreatment significantly alleviated cognitive dysfunction and attenuated the changes in TNF-alpha, IL-6, SIRT1, and NF-kappaB expressions induced by the operation (P &lt; 0.05), and EX527 pretreatment of the rats obviously blocked the effects of DEX (P &lt; 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 105-109 30377100-7 2018 DEX pretreatment significantly alleviated cognitive dysfunction and attenuated the changes in TNF-alpha, IL-6, SIRT1, and NF-kappaB expressions induced by the operation (P &lt; 0.05), and EX527 pretreatment of the rats obviously blocked the effects of DEX (P &lt; 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 0-3 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 111-116 30377100-8 2018 CONCLUSIONS: DEX alleviates POCD in aged rats probably via SIRT1 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 59-64 30214209-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine attenuates the propofol-induced long-term neurotoxicity in the developing brain of rats by enhancing the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 126-129 30214209-2 2018 Our previous study showed that dexmedetomidine (Dex) can attenuate the propofol-induced acute neurotoxicity in rodents by enhancing the PI3K/Akt signaling. Dexmedetomidine 31-46 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-144 30214209-2 2018 Our previous study showed that dexmedetomidine (Dex) can attenuate the propofol-induced acute neurotoxicity in rodents by enhancing the PI3K/Akt signaling. Dexmedetomidine 48-51 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-144 30214209-13 2018 Conclusion: Our results indicated that the pretreatment of young rats with Dex attenuated the propofol-induced long-term neurotoxicity in their developing hippocampus by enhancing the PI3K/Akt signaling. Dexmedetomidine 75-78 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 189-192 29897736-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine, an Alpha 2a Adrenergic Receptor Agonist, Mitigates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Desensitization of CXCR7 in Microglia. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 20-48 30120665-1 2018 Experiments on random-bred albino mice showed that NF-kappaB inhibitor (BAY 11-7082) and beta2-adrenoreceptor agonist (dexmedetomidine hydrochloride) significantly reduced mouse mortality in 4 and 24 h after sepsis modeling (intraperitoneal administration of E. coli) by reducing blood levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNFalpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6. Dexmedetomidine 119-148 adrenergic receptor, beta 2 Mus musculus 89-109 30181689-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Neuropathic Pain by Inhibiting P2X7R Expression and ERK Phosphorylation in Rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 79-82 30181689-3 2018 In the present study, we explored the potential roles of purinergic receptor 7 (P2X7R)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling in the anti-nociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine in a rat model of neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Dexmedetomidine 175-190 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 126-129 30181689-7 2018 Intrathecal administration of dexmedetomidine (2.5 microg) for 3 days not only attenuated neuropathic pain but also inhibited the CCI-induced P2X7R upregulation and ERK phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 165-168 30181689-9 2018 The present study demonstrated that dexmedetomidine attenuates the neuropathic pain induced by CCI of the sciatic nerve in rats by inhibiting spinal P2X7R expression and ERK phosphorylation, indicating the potential therapeutic implications of dexmedetomidine administration for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 170-173 29808260-11 2018 Six patients with successful SA required sedation with dexmedetomidine +- fentanyl. Dexmedetomidine 55-70 acyl-CoA synthetase medium chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 29-31 30259406-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine Relieves Acute Inflammatory Visceral Pain in Rats through the ERK Pathway, Toll-Like Receptor Signaling, and TRPV1 Channel. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 78-81 30259406-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine Relieves Acute Inflammatory Visceral Pain in Rats through the ERK Pathway, Toll-Like Receptor Signaling, and TRPV1 Channel. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 125-130 30259406-10 2018 The medium and high doses of DEX suppressed IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and PGE2 release, and increased IL-2 release. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 50-54 30259406-10 2018 The medium and high doses of DEX suppressed IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and PGE2 release, and increased IL-2 release. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 56-65 30259406-10 2018 The medium and high doses of DEX suppressed IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and PGE2 release, and increased IL-2 release. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 99-103 30259406-13 2018 Taken together, our results suggest that DEX might exert an antinociceptive effect in AIVP in rats through the MEK/ERK pathway, TLR signaling, and TRPV1 channel, resulting in suppression of visceral hypersensitivity. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 115-118 30259406-13 2018 Taken together, our results suggest that DEX might exert an antinociceptive effect in AIVP in rats through the MEK/ERK pathway, TLR signaling, and TRPV1 channel, resulting in suppression of visceral hypersensitivity. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 147-152 30114208-8 2018 RESULTS: DEX treatment attenuated ischemia reperfusion-induced increase in NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1beta, phospho-AKT, and phospho-ERK signaling. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 75-80 30114208-8 2018 RESULTS: DEX treatment attenuated ischemia reperfusion-induced increase in NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1beta, phospho-AKT, and phospho-ERK signaling. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 caspase 1 Rattus norvegicus 82-91 30114208-8 2018 RESULTS: DEX treatment attenuated ischemia reperfusion-induced increase in NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1beta, phospho-AKT, and phospho-ERK signaling. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 93-101 30114208-8 2018 RESULTS: DEX treatment attenuated ischemia reperfusion-induced increase in NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1beta, phospho-AKT, and phospho-ERK signaling. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 111-114 30114208-10 2018 Furthermore, post-reperfusion treatment with DEX was significantly more effective than pre-treatment in modulating NLRP3 inflammasome, AKT and ERK signaling, and oxidative stress. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 115-120 30114208-10 2018 Furthermore, post-reperfusion treatment with DEX was significantly more effective than pre-treatment in modulating NLRP3 inflammasome, AKT and ERK signaling, and oxidative stress. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 135-138 29729264-9 2018 Similar to the effects of rapamycin, pretreatment with Dex also decreased the number of senescent tubular cells and weakened the protein expression of senescence-associated markers such as p53, p21, and p16. Dexmedetomidine 55-58 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 189-192 29729264-9 2018 Similar to the effects of rapamycin, pretreatment with Dex also decreased the number of senescent tubular cells and weakened the protein expression of senescence-associated markers such as p53, p21, and p16. Dexmedetomidine 55-58 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 194-197 29729264-9 2018 Similar to the effects of rapamycin, pretreatment with Dex also decreased the number of senescent tubular cells and weakened the protein expression of senescence-associated markers such as p53, p21, and p16. Dexmedetomidine 55-58 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A Homo sapiens 203-206 29729264-10 2018 Furthermore, the expression of inflammatory markers was also decreased in Dex-treated IR mice; and these protective effects of Dex could be abolished by treatment with the specific alpha2A-AR blocker, BRL-44408. Dexmedetomidine 74-77 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 181-191 29729264-10 2018 Furthermore, the expression of inflammatory markers was also decreased in Dex-treated IR mice; and these protective effects of Dex could be abolished by treatment with the specific alpha2A-AR blocker, BRL-44408. Dexmedetomidine 127-130 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 181-191 29912028-11 2018 In addition, Dex inhibited HCN1 and HCN2 currents in HEK293 cells; caused a decrease in maximal currents, an increase in the inhibition rate of Ih, and a negative shift in V1/2 (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 29912028-11 2018 In addition, Dex inhibited HCN1 and HCN2 currents in HEK293 cells; caused a decrease in maximal currents, an increase in the inhibition rate of Ih, and a negative shift in V1/2 (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium and sodium channel 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 29912028-12 2018 Taken together, our finding suggested that Dex alleviates NP and the effect is likely because of the inhibition of HCN currents. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 115-118 33168516-6 2018 RESULTS: Compared with the rats in the control group, the rats in the model group and Dex+atipamezole group showed significantly decreased PWT and TWL (cold) and increased expression of p-STAT3 in the spinal cord (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 86-89 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 188-193 33168516-7 2018 In Dex group, PWT and TWL (cold) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) and p-STAT3 expression in the spinal cord was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) 60 to 120 after Dex treatment as compared with those in the model group, and these effects of Dex were significantly attenuated by the administration of atipamezole (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 3-6 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 79-84 33168516-7 2018 In Dex group, PWT and TWL (cold) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) and p-STAT3 expression in the spinal cord was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) 60 to 120 after Dex treatment as compared with those in the model group, and these effects of Dex were significantly attenuated by the administration of atipamezole (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 170-173 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 79-84 33168516-7 2018 In Dex group, PWT and TWL (cold) were significantly increased (P < 0.05) and p-STAT3 expression in the spinal cord was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) 60 to 120 after Dex treatment as compared with those in the model group, and these effects of Dex were significantly attenuated by the administration of atipamezole (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 170-173 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 79-84 33168516-8 2018 CONCLUSIONS: Dex can alleviate oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain in rats by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3 in the spinal cord. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 113-118 30031397-2 2018 This study investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) inflammatory system and caspase-3 dependent apoptosis induced by spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dexmedetomidine 39-54 toll-like receptor 4 Oryctolagus cuniculus 62-82 30031397-2 2018 This study investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) inflammatory system and caspase-3 dependent apoptosis induced by spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. Dexmedetomidine 39-54 toll-like receptor 4 Oryctolagus cuniculus 84-88 30031397-10 2018 In addition, dexmedetomidine suppressed microglial activation, inhibited the TLR4-mediated NF-kappaB signalling pathway, and inhibited the caspase-3 dependent apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 toll-like receptor 4 Oryctolagus cuniculus 77-81 30031397-10 2018 In addition, dexmedetomidine suppressed microglial activation, inhibited the TLR4-mediated NF-kappaB signalling pathway, and inhibited the caspase-3 dependent apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 caspase-3 Oryctolagus cuniculus 139-148 30013022-10 2018 Moreover, Dex was observed to significantly suppress the expression of HMGBI and RAGE. Dexmedetomidine 10-13 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 81-85 30013022-12 2018 CONCLUSIONS Dex may protect against TBI-induced ALI via the HMGB1-RAGE signal pathway, and this protective effect is partly dependent on its alpha2 adrenoceptor agonist action. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 60-65 30013022-12 2018 CONCLUSIONS Dex may protect against TBI-induced ALI via the HMGB1-RAGE signal pathway, and this protective effect is partly dependent on its alpha2 adrenoceptor agonist action. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 66-70 29738700-12 2018 DbcAMP (5 muM) or rolipram (5 muM) alone had no effect on ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but decreased DMED-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation after co-administration with DMED. Dexmedetomidine 96-100 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 109-115 29738700-12 2018 DbcAMP (5 muM) or rolipram (5 muM) alone had no effect on ERK1/2 phosphorylation, but decreased DMED-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation after co-administration with DMED. Dexmedetomidine 161-165 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 109-115 29738700-13 2018 Gbetagamma subunit inhibitor treatment increased DMED-induced phosphorylation of CREB, whereas dbcAMP or rolipram had no effect on pCREB induced by DMED. Dexmedetomidine 49-53 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Mus musculus 81-85 29864919-7 2018 Results indicated that Dex or Taurine could reduce septic ALI-induced cell apoptosis via decreasing caspase-3 activity. Dexmedetomidine 23-26 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 100-109 29864919-10 2018 The combination of Dex and Taurine significantly suppressed the activation of NF-kappaB pathway via inhibiting P65 phosphorylation and P65 nuclear translocation, leading to the down-regulation of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1beta. Dexmedetomidine 19-22 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 219-227 29935581-9 2018 RESULTS: Of participants receiving dexmedetomidine, 18/23 were arousable from LOR1 and LOR2. Dexmedetomidine 35-50 lysyl oxidase like 2 Homo sapiens 87-91 29896269-12 2018 In addition, IL-1and TNF-alpha were downregulated, while IL-6 and SOD were upregulated in patients with cognitive dysfunction after treatment with DEX compared with those in the placebo group. Dexmedetomidine 147-150 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 13-17 29896269-12 2018 In addition, IL-1and TNF-alpha were downregulated, while IL-6 and SOD were upregulated in patients with cognitive dysfunction after treatment with DEX compared with those in the placebo group. Dexmedetomidine 147-150 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 21-30 29896269-12 2018 In addition, IL-1and TNF-alpha were downregulated, while IL-6 and SOD were upregulated in patients with cognitive dysfunction after treatment with DEX compared with those in the placebo group. Dexmedetomidine 147-150 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 57-61 29896269-12 2018 In addition, IL-1and TNF-alpha were downregulated, while IL-6 and SOD were upregulated in patients with cognitive dysfunction after treatment with DEX compared with those in the placebo group. Dexmedetomidine 147-150 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 66-69 29896269-13 2018 Furthermore, DEX treatment markedly decreased the serum levels of CRP, NSE cortisol and melatonin, which are associated with the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in pediatric patients following tonsillectomy. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 66-69 29896269-13 2018 Furthermore, DEX treatment markedly decreased the serum levels of CRP, NSE cortisol and melatonin, which are associated with the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in pediatric patients following tonsillectomy. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 71-74 29926753-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in neonatal rats by inhibiting TLR4 signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 95-99 29926753-6 2018 Results Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine reduced ischemia-induced morphological changes in the hippocampal CA3 region and downregulated TLR4 expression, but these neuroprotective effects were partially blocked by co-treatment with the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 137-141 29926753-6 2018 Results Pretreatment with dexmedetomidine reduced ischemia-induced morphological changes in the hippocampal CA3 region and downregulated TLR4 expression, but these neuroprotective effects were partially blocked by co-treatment with the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 236-240 29926753-7 2018 Conclusion Our results indicate that inhibition of cerebral TLR4 expression is related to the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine in this neonatal rat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model. Dexmedetomidine 121-136 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 60-64 29897736-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine, an Alpha 2a Adrenergic Receptor Agonist, Mitigates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Desensitization of CXCR7 in Microglia. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 atypical chemokine receptor 3 Homo sapiens 132-137 29897736-3 2018 In this study, we report that dexmedetomidine, an alpha 2a adrenergic receptor agonist, attenuates the clinical severity of EAE with less infiltration of microglia. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 50-78 29897736-4 2018 During EAE, dexmedetomidine inhibits SDF-1- and I-TAC-induced chemotaxis of microglia mediated by CXCR7 but not CXCR4 or CXCR3. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 Homo sapiens 37-42 29897736-4 2018 During EAE, dexmedetomidine inhibits SDF-1- and I-TAC-induced chemotaxis of microglia mediated by CXCR7 but not CXCR4 or CXCR3. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 11 Homo sapiens 48-53 29897736-4 2018 During EAE, dexmedetomidine inhibits SDF-1- and I-TAC-induced chemotaxis of microglia mediated by CXCR7 but not CXCR4 or CXCR3. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 atypical chemokine receptor 3 Homo sapiens 98-103 29897736-5 2018 Most importantly, the alpha 2a adrenergic receptor is essential in dexmedetomidine-induced CXCR7 desensitization in microglia. Dexmedetomidine 67-82 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Homo sapiens 22-50 29897736-5 2018 Most importantly, the alpha 2a adrenergic receptor is essential in dexmedetomidine-induced CXCR7 desensitization in microglia. Dexmedetomidine 67-82 atypical chemokine receptor 3 Homo sapiens 91-96 29897736-7 2018 Altogether, our data elucidate the mechanism of dexmedetomidine-induced CXCR7 desensitization in microglia and amelioration in EAE, which might lead to a better understanding of the therapeutic effects of dexmedetomidine as well as its implications for CXCR7 desensitization in autoimmune disease. Dexmedetomidine 48-63 atypical chemokine receptor 3 Homo sapiens 72-77 29897736-7 2018 Altogether, our data elucidate the mechanism of dexmedetomidine-induced CXCR7 desensitization in microglia and amelioration in EAE, which might lead to a better understanding of the therapeutic effects of dexmedetomidine as well as its implications for CXCR7 desensitization in autoimmune disease. Dexmedetomidine 48-63 atypical chemokine receptor 3 Homo sapiens 253-258 29897736-7 2018 Altogether, our data elucidate the mechanism of dexmedetomidine-induced CXCR7 desensitization in microglia and amelioration in EAE, which might lead to a better understanding of the therapeutic effects of dexmedetomidine as well as its implications for CXCR7 desensitization in autoimmune disease. Dexmedetomidine 205-220 atypical chemokine receptor 3 Homo sapiens 72-77 29568958-6 2018 DEX significantly suppressed H2O2-induced apoptosis, and increased activity of caspases 3, 8 and 9 of NRCMs. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 caspase 12 Rattus norvegicus 79-87 29749492-9 2018 The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the spinal cord tissues of the dexmedetomidine group, compared with those in the control group of rats. Dexmedetomidine 159-174 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 25-58 29749492-9 2018 The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1beta were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the spinal cord tissues of the dexmedetomidine group, compared with those in the control group of rats. Dexmedetomidine 159-174 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 63-85 29749492-10 2018 Dexmedetomidine treatment following SCI exerted an inhibitory effect on the SCI-induced increase in the expression of Bax. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 118-121 29749492-11 2018 The expression of Bcl-2 was increased in the dexmedetomidine treated rats, compared with that in the control group. Dexmedetomidine 45-60 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 18-23 29749492-12 2018 Taken together, dexmedetomidine improved the locomotor activity of the rats through the inhibition of edema, reduction in the expression levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and inhibition of the induction of apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 16-31 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 147-156 29749492-12 2018 Taken together, dexmedetomidine improved the locomotor activity of the rats through the inhibition of edema, reduction in the expression levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and inhibition of the induction of apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 16-31 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 161-169 29536658-0 2018 MicroRNA-140-5p elevates cerebral protection of dexmedetomidine against hypoxic-ischaemic brain damage via the Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 48-63 Wnt family member 1 Rattus norvegicus 111-114 29536658-0 2018 MicroRNA-140-5p elevates cerebral protection of dexmedetomidine against hypoxic-ischaemic brain damage via the Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 48-63 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 115-127 29536658-11 2018 Our study demonstrates that miR-140-5p promotes the cerebral protective effects of DEX against HIBD in neonatal rats by targeting the Wnt1 gene through via the negative regulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 83-86 Wnt family member 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-138 29536658-11 2018 Our study demonstrates that miR-140-5p promotes the cerebral protective effects of DEX against HIBD in neonatal rats by targeting the Wnt1 gene through via the negative regulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 83-86 Wnt family member 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-137 29536658-11 2018 Our study demonstrates that miR-140-5p promotes the cerebral protective effects of DEX against HIBD in neonatal rats by targeting the Wnt1 gene through via the negative regulation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 83-86 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 191-203 29549829-6 2018 IL-6 levels in group D2 were significantly lower only at 1 h after surgery than in group S. However, IL-6 levels in delirious patients in group D2 were significantly lower at 1 h and 24 h after surgery than those in group S. Cortisol levels 1 h after surgery were significantly lower in groups D1 and D2 than in group S. CONCLUSIONS: The dose and timing of dexmedetomidine appeared to be important in preventing delirium. Dexmedetomidine 357-372 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 101-105 29549829-7 2018 The reduced incidence and duration of delirium by dexmedetomidine was associated with reduced levels of IL-6 24 h after surgery. Dexmedetomidine 50-65 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 104-108 29693126-0 2018 Neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine on traumatic brain injury: Involvement of neuronal apoptosis and HSP70 expression. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 108-113 29693126-7 2018 The results of the present study revealed that administration of Dex post-TBI improved brain edema and neurological outcomes, due to the attenuation of the TBI-induced reduction of Bax expression and increase of Bcl-2 and HSP70 expression. Dexmedetomidine 65-68 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 181-184 29693126-7 2018 The results of the present study revealed that administration of Dex post-TBI improved brain edema and neurological outcomes, due to the attenuation of the TBI-induced reduction of Bax expression and increase of Bcl-2 and HSP70 expression. Dexmedetomidine 65-68 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 212-217 29693126-7 2018 The results of the present study revealed that administration of Dex post-TBI improved brain edema and neurological outcomes, due to the attenuation of the TBI-induced reduction of Bax expression and increase of Bcl-2 and HSP70 expression. Dexmedetomidine 65-68 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 222-227 29693126-8 2018 In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that administration of Dex may serve as a neuroprotective agent against brain injury, at least partially via the inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and upregulation of HSP70 expression in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 81-84 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B Rattus norvegicus 224-229 29872336-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine attenuates persistent postsurgical pain by upregulating K+-Cl- cotransporter-2 in the spinal dorsal horn in rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 solute carrier family 12 member 5 Rattus norvegicus 72-94 29872336-1 2018 Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) could have an analgesic effect on pain transmission through the modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Dexmedetomidine 12-27 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 112-145 29872336-1 2018 Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) could have an analgesic effect on pain transmission through the modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Dexmedetomidine 12-27 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 147-151 29872336-1 2018 Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) could have an analgesic effect on pain transmission through the modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Dexmedetomidine 29-32 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 112-145 29872336-1 2018 Background: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) could have an analgesic effect on pain transmission through the modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Dexmedetomidine 29-32 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 147-151 29872336-4 2018 The aim of this experiment was to explore the interaction between DEX and KCC2 at a molecular level in rats in the persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP). Dexmedetomidine 66-69 solute carrier family 12 member 5 Rattus norvegicus 74-78 29872336-8 2018 Results: In the first part of our experiment, the results revealed that the BDNF/TrkB-KCC2 signal plays a critical role in the development of SMIR-evoked PPSP; the second part showed that intraperitoneal administrations of 40 microg/kg DEX at 15 min presurgery and 1 to 3 days post-surgery significantly attenuated SMIR-evoked PPSP. Dexmedetomidine 236-239 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 76-80 29872336-10 2018 Moreover, intrathecal administrations of KCC2 inhibitor VU0240551 significantly reduced the analgesic effect of DEX on SMIR-evoked PPSP. Dexmedetomidine 112-115 solute carrier family 12 member 5 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 29872336-11 2018 Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that DEX attenuated PPSP by restoring KCC2 function through reducing BDNF/TrkB signal in the spinal dorsal horn in rats, which provides a new insight into the treatment of chronic pain in clinical postsurgical pain management. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 solute carrier family 12 member 5 Rattus norvegicus 85-89 29872336-11 2018 Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that DEX attenuated PPSP by restoring KCC2 function through reducing BDNF/TrkB signal in the spinal dorsal horn in rats, which provides a new insight into the treatment of chronic pain in clinical postsurgical pain management. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 116-120 29872336-11 2018 Conclusion: The results of our study indicated that DEX attenuated PPSP by restoring KCC2 function through reducing BDNF/TrkB signal in the spinal dorsal horn in rats, which provides a new insight into the treatment of chronic pain in clinical postsurgical pain management. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 121-125 29571823-3 2018 Therefore we hypothesize the promoting neurogenesis of Dex linked to stimulating BDNF and subsequent p-MPAK production in a rat model of POCD. Dexmedetomidine 55-58 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 81-85 29571823-7 2018 As expected, Dex rescued the associated cognitive impairment and inflammatory changes, as well as up-regulated expression of BDNF, PKA, p-CREB/CREB and following p-P38-MAPK regulation. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 125-129 29571823-7 2018 As expected, Dex rescued the associated cognitive impairment and inflammatory changes, as well as up-regulated expression of BDNF, PKA, p-CREB/CREB and following p-P38-MAPK regulation. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 138-142 29571823-7 2018 As expected, Dex rescued the associated cognitive impairment and inflammatory changes, as well as up-regulated expression of BDNF, PKA, p-CREB/CREB and following p-P38-MAPK regulation. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 143-147 29510084-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine reduces ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 76-96 29510084-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine reduces ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 98-102 29510084-7 2018 Compared with HMV, DEX group showed fewer pathological changes, lower W/D ratios and decreased MPO activity of the lung tissues and lower concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines in the BALF and lung tissues. Dexmedetomidine 19-22 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 95-98 29510084-8 2018 Dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited the expression of TLR4 and NF-kappaB and activation of NF-kappaB. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 58-62 29510084-10 2018 Dexmedetomidine reduced the inflammatory response to HVT-MV and had a protective effect against VILI, with the inhibition of the TLR4/NF-kappaB signaling pathway, at least partly via alpha2-adrenoceptors. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 129-133 29723264-9 2018 DEX pretreatment inhibited the rats" TNF-alpha, IL-6 and NF-kappaB levels induced by LPS. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 37-46 29723264-9 2018 DEX pretreatment inhibited the rats" TNF-alpha, IL-6 and NF-kappaB levels induced by LPS. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 48-52 29723264-11 2018 Rats treated with PDTC and DEX alongside LPS exhibited less TNF-alpha and IL-6 than the LPS treated group. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 60-69 29723264-11 2018 Rats treated with PDTC and DEX alongside LPS exhibited less TNF-alpha and IL-6 than the LPS treated group. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 74-78 29252509-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine Prevents Cognitive Decline by Enhancing Resolution of High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein-induced Inflammation through a Vagomimetic Action in Mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 70-95 29863012-17 2018 These findings suggest that dexmedetomidine exhibits neuroprotective effects against acute (3 days) post-traumatic inflammatory responses, potentially via suppression of NF-kappaB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 170-179 29863012-17 2018 These findings suggest that dexmedetomidine exhibits neuroprotective effects against acute (3 days) post-traumatic inflammatory responses, potentially via suppression of NF-kappaB and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 184-189 29725287-0 2018 The Inflammatory Nature of Post-surgical Delirium Predicts Benefit of Agents With Anti-TNF Effects, Such as Dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 108-123 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 87-90 29568958-8 2018 In addition, DEX decreased the activity of caspase 12, and the expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa and serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1, three major signaling molecules involved in the ER stress-mediated apoptosis pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 caspase 12 Rattus norvegicus 43-53 29568958-8 2018 In addition, DEX decreased the activity of caspase 12, and the expression levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa and serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1, three major signaling molecules involved in the ER stress-mediated apoptosis pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1 Rattus norvegicus 84-174 28653601-2 2018 The results showed that DEX could upregulate miR-520-3p, which directly targeted AKT1. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 45-48 28653601-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine Inhibits Osteosarcoma Cell Proliferation and Migration, and Promotes Apoptosis by Regulating miR-520a-3p. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 109-112 28653601-2 2018 The results showed that DEX could upregulate miR-520-3p, which directly targeted AKT1. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 28653601-1 2018 This study aimed to investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on osteosarcoma (OS) cell line MG63 and to explore the possible relationship between DEX and miR-520-3p in OS. Dexmedetomidine 153-156 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 161-164 28653601-4 2018 DEX can inhibit OS cell proliferation and migration and promote apoptosis by upregulating the expression level of miR-520a-3p. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 114-117 29853785-6 2018 The plasma high-mobility group box 1 level decreased significantly from 51.7 (58.1) to 33.9 (45.0) ng.ml-1 (p < 0.05) in the dexmedetomidine group, which was not observed in the saline group. Dexmedetomidine 128-143 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 11-36 29853785-8 2018 In addition, plasma interleukin-6 was higher in the saline group than in the dexmedetomidine group at postoperative day 1 [118.8 (68.8) versus 78.5 (58.8) pg.ml-1, p = 0.0271]. Dexmedetomidine 77-92 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 20-33 29346133-9 2018 In contrast to pentobarbital, dexmedetomidine did not lead to diaphragmatic atrophy, but it induced more protein oxidation (200% vs. 73% in pentobarbital, P = 0.0015), induced less upregulation of muscle atrophy F-box (149% vs. 374% in pentobarbital, P < 0.001) and impaired Glut-4 translocation (-73%, P < 0.0005). Dexmedetomidine 30-45 solute carrier family 2 member 4 Rattus norvegicus 278-284 29346133-11 2018 CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-four hours of mechanical ventilation during dexmedetomidine sedation led to a worsening of ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction, possibly through impaired Glut-4 translocation. Dexmedetomidine 64-79 solute carrier family 2 member 4 Rattus norvegicus 180-186 29545877-8 2018 The content of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and albumin in bronchoalveolar fluid and MPO in lung tissue was significantly decreased in the 3-MA and DEX groups compared with the model group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 162-165 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 15-42 29545877-8 2018 The content of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and albumin in bronchoalveolar fluid and MPO in lung tissue was significantly decreased in the 3-MA and DEX groups compared with the model group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 162-165 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 44-57 29545877-8 2018 The content of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and albumin in bronchoalveolar fluid and MPO in lung tissue was significantly decreased in the 3-MA and DEX groups compared with the model group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 162-165 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 99-102 30104831-2 2018 Dexmedetomidine reduces bladder contractility via M3 muscarinic receptor antagonism and alpha-2 receptor agonism, apart from its concomitant therapeutic benefits, such as sedation and sympatholysis, in a postoperative period. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3 Homo sapiens 50-72 29662278-11 2018 Conclusion: The addition of dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine in TAP block prolonged the duration of time at which first dose of rescue analgesia was sought and also reduced the total dose of opioid requirement in the first 24-h post-Caesarean section. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 nuclear RNA export factor 1 Homo sapiens 62-65 29393492-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine impairs P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux function in L02 cells via the adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 24-38 29393492-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine impairs P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux function in L02 cells via the adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 85-136 29393492-3 2018 As hepatic P-glycoprotein (P-gp) serves a critical role in the disposition of drugs, the present study aimed to address whether P-gp function could be affected by DEX in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 163-166 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 29393492-5 2018 The results indicated that P-gp function was significantly impaired by DEX treatment and that the mRNA levels and protein levels of P-gp were downregulated in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Dexmedetomidine 71-74 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 29545877-10 2018 In addition, 3-MA and DEX reduced the protein expression levels of LC3-I, LC3-II, ATG5, Rab7 and LAMP1. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha Mus musculus 67-70 29393492-5 2018 The results indicated that P-gp function was significantly impaired by DEX treatment and that the mRNA levels and protein levels of P-gp were downregulated in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Dexmedetomidine 71-74 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 132-136 29393492-6 2018 Importantly, DEX-induced downregulation of P-gp was associated with adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, as it was significantly attenuated by AMPK inhibition using dorsomorphin. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 29545877-10 2018 In addition, 3-MA and DEX reduced the protein expression levels of LC3-I, LC3-II, ATG5, Rab7 and LAMP1. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha Mus musculus 74-77 29545877-10 2018 In addition, 3-MA and DEX reduced the protein expression levels of LC3-I, LC3-II, ATG5, Rab7 and LAMP1. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 autophagy related 5 Mus musculus 82-86 29545877-10 2018 In addition, 3-MA and DEX reduced the protein expression levels of LC3-I, LC3-II, ATG5, Rab7 and LAMP1. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 RAB7, member RAS oncogene family Mus musculus 88-92 29545877-10 2018 In addition, 3-MA and DEX reduced the protein expression levels of LC3-I, LC3-II, ATG5, Rab7 and LAMP1. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 Mus musculus 97-102 29545877-11 2018 Also, RT-qPCR results revealed that NF-kappaB and TLR4 mRNA expression levels were clearly decreased in the 3-MA and DEX groups compared with the model group. Dexmedetomidine 117-120 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 50-54 29545877-12 2018 In conclusion, LPS-induced ALI was effectively reversed by treatment with 3-MA and DEX through the reduction of inflammation and autophagy and inhibition of the TLR4-NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 83-86 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 161-165 29393492-6 2018 Importantly, DEX-induced downregulation of P-gp was associated with adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, as it was significantly attenuated by AMPK inhibition using dorsomorphin. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 68-119 29436655-0 2018 Effects of dexmedetomidine post-treatment on BDNF and VEGF expression following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 45-49 29393492-6 2018 Importantly, DEX-induced downregulation of P-gp was associated with adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, as it was significantly attenuated by AMPK inhibition using dorsomorphin. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 121-125 29436655-0 2018 Effects of dexmedetomidine post-treatment on BDNF and VEGF expression following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 54-58 29393492-6 2018 Importantly, DEX-induced downregulation of P-gp was associated with adenosine 5"-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, as it was significantly attenuated by AMPK inhibition using dorsomorphin. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 177-181 29436655-1 2018 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serves a significant role in neural protection by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which also was associated with the neuroprotective the treatment with dexmedetomidine (DEX). Dexmedetomidine 282-297 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 0-33 29393492-7 2018 Furthermore, the results revealed that changes in the subcellular localisation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB following AMPK activation were involved in the P-gp regulation in response to DEX treatment. Dexmedetomidine 187-190 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 82-108 29436655-1 2018 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serves a significant role in neural protection by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which also was associated with the neuroprotective the treatment with dexmedetomidine (DEX). Dexmedetomidine 282-297 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 35-39 29436655-1 2018 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serves a significant role in neural protection by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which also was associated with the neuroprotective the treatment with dexmedetomidine (DEX). Dexmedetomidine 282-297 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 45-79 29393492-7 2018 Furthermore, the results revealed that changes in the subcellular localisation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB following AMPK activation were involved in the P-gp regulation in response to DEX treatment. Dexmedetomidine 187-190 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 119-123 29436655-1 2018 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serves a significant role in neural protection by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which also was associated with the neuroprotective the treatment with dexmedetomidine (DEX). Dexmedetomidine 282-297 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 81-85 29436655-1 2018 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serves a significant role in neural protection by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which also was associated with the neuroprotective the treatment with dexmedetomidine (DEX). Dexmedetomidine 299-302 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 0-33 29393492-7 2018 Furthermore, the results revealed that changes in the subcellular localisation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB following AMPK activation were involved in the P-gp regulation in response to DEX treatment. Dexmedetomidine 187-190 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 156-160 29436655-1 2018 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serves a significant role in neural protection by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which also was associated with the neuroprotective the treatment with dexmedetomidine (DEX). Dexmedetomidine 299-302 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 35-39 29393492-8 2018 Collectively, these results suggested that DEX impairs P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux function in L02 cells via the AMPK/NF-kappaB pathway, which provided direct evidence that the hepatic disposition of drugs may be affected by DEX through the downregulation of P-gp. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 55-69 29436655-1 2018 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serves a significant role in neural protection by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which also was associated with the neuroprotective the treatment with dexmedetomidine (DEX). Dexmedetomidine 299-302 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 45-79 29436655-1 2018 Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) serves a significant role in neural protection by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which also was associated with the neuroprotective the treatment with dexmedetomidine (DEX). Dexmedetomidine 299-302 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 81-85 29436655-2 2018 The present study aimed to further explore whether treatment with DEX post-IR increased the expression level of BDNF and VEGF in the rat brain. Dexmedetomidine 66-69 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 112-116 29436655-2 2018 The present study aimed to further explore whether treatment with DEX post-IR increased the expression level of BDNF and VEGF in the rat brain. Dexmedetomidine 66-69 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 121-125 29436655-5 2018 The results indicated that the mRNA expression levels of BDNF and VEGF were higher in the I/R and DEX groups compared with expression levels in the Control group at 6 h and 1 day post-treatment; the levels of BNDF mRNA expression were higher in the DEX group compared with the I/R group. Dexmedetomidine 98-101 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 57-61 29436655-5 2018 The results indicated that the mRNA expression levels of BDNF and VEGF were higher in the I/R and DEX groups compared with expression levels in the Control group at 6 h and 1 day post-treatment; the levels of BNDF mRNA expression were higher in the DEX group compared with the I/R group. Dexmedetomidine 98-101 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 66-70 29393492-8 2018 Collectively, these results suggested that DEX impairs P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux function in L02 cells via the AMPK/NF-kappaB pathway, which provided direct evidence that the hepatic disposition of drugs may be affected by DEX through the downregulation of P-gp. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 116-120 29436655-5 2018 The results indicated that the mRNA expression levels of BDNF and VEGF were higher in the I/R and DEX groups compared with expression levels in the Control group at 6 h and 1 day post-treatment; the levels of BNDF mRNA expression were higher in the DEX group compared with the I/R group. Dexmedetomidine 249-252 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 57-61 29436655-5 2018 The results indicated that the mRNA expression levels of BDNF and VEGF were higher in the I/R and DEX groups compared with expression levels in the Control group at 6 h and 1 day post-treatment; the levels of BNDF mRNA expression were higher in the DEX group compared with the I/R group. Dexmedetomidine 249-252 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 66-70 29743866-8 2018 These results suggest that Dex inhibiting c-Fos nuclear protein levels promoted by LPS/ATP blocks the up-regulation of NLRP3. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 42-47 29436655-6 2018 The levels of BDNF and VEGF protein expression in the I/R and DEX groups were also significantly higher compared with those in the Control group. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 14-18 29436655-6 2018 The levels of BDNF and VEGF protein expression in the I/R and DEX groups were also significantly higher compared with those in the Control group. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 23-27 29436655-8 2018 Results from the present study indicated that post-surgical treatment with DEX may increase the expression of BDNF and VEGF following I/R, which may serve a role in nerve protection. Dexmedetomidine 75-78 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 110-114 29436655-8 2018 Results from the present study indicated that post-surgical treatment with DEX may increase the expression of BDNF and VEGF following I/R, which may serve a role in nerve protection. Dexmedetomidine 75-78 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 119-123 29566706-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine attenuates lung apoptosis induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury through alpha2AR/PI3K/Akt pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 109-112 29566706-17 2018 RESULTS: In vivo, dexmedetomidine remarkably mitigated pathohistological changes and apoptosis and significantly increased p-Akt expression in the lung. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 125-128 29566706-20 2018 Dexmedetomidine increased p-Akt in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and down-regulated the expression of caspase 3 and Bax and up-regulated the Bcl-2 expression in PMVECs. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 28-31 29566706-20 2018 Dexmedetomidine increased p-Akt in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and down-regulated the expression of caspase 3 and Bax and up-regulated the Bcl-2 expression in PMVECs. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caspase 3 Mus musculus 107-116 29566706-20 2018 Dexmedetomidine increased p-Akt in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and down-regulated the expression of caspase 3 and Bax and up-regulated the Bcl-2 expression in PMVECs. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 121-124 29566706-20 2018 Dexmedetomidine increased p-Akt in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and down-regulated the expression of caspase 3 and Bax and up-regulated the Bcl-2 expression in PMVECs. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 146-151 29566706-23 2018 CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrated that dexmedetomidine attenuates lung apoptosis induced by IR, at least in part, via alpha2AR/PI3K/Akt pathway. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 135-138 29743866-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine inhibits inflammation in microglia cells under stimulation of LPS and ATP by c-Fos/NLRP3/caspase-1 cascades. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 93-98 29743866-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine inhibits inflammation in microglia cells under stimulation of LPS and ATP by c-Fos/NLRP3/caspase-1 cascades. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 99-104 29743866-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine inhibits inflammation in microglia cells under stimulation of LPS and ATP by c-Fos/NLRP3/caspase-1 cascades. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 105-114 29743866-3 2018 The present study was aimed to investigate effect of Dex on NLRP3 activity in activated microglia and reveal the underlying mechanisms. Dexmedetomidine 53-56 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 60-65 29743866-5 2018 Data from ELISA and Western blot assays showed that Dex abrogated the promoting effects of LPS/ATP on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1beta and IL-18 in the cell medium and the expression of NLRP3 and its downstream target caspase-1 in HMC3 cells. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 154-162 29743866-5 2018 Data from ELISA and Western blot assays showed that Dex abrogated the promoting effects of LPS/ATP on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1beta and IL-18 in the cell medium and the expression of NLRP3 and its downstream target caspase-1 in HMC3 cells. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 interleukin 18 Homo sapiens 167-172 29743866-5 2018 Data from ELISA and Western blot assays showed that Dex abrogated the promoting effects of LPS/ATP on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1beta and IL-18 in the cell medium and the expression of NLRP3 and its downstream target caspase-1 in HMC3 cells. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 214-219 29743866-5 2018 Data from ELISA and Western blot assays showed that Dex abrogated the promoting effects of LPS/ATP on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-1beta and IL-18 in the cell medium and the expression of NLRP3 and its downstream target caspase-1 in HMC3 cells. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 246-255 29743866-6 2018 Furthermore, the present study found that exposure of HMC3 cells to LPS/ATP increased nuclear protein levels of transcription factor c-Fos, but treatment with Dex reversed the increase in c-Fos, as indicated by Western blot and immunofluorescence measures. Dexmedetomidine 159-162 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 188-193 29563509-7 2018 Further analysis found that Dex treatment reduced cell death in the cortex and the hippocampus measured by Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining, prevented axonal degeneration detected by immunostaining with antibody against beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP), and protected synapses from elimination with synaptophysin staining. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 216-246 29563509-7 2018 Further analysis found that Dex treatment reduced cell death in the cortex and the hippocampus measured by Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining, prevented axonal degeneration detected by immunostaining with antibody against beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP), and protected synapses from elimination with synaptophysin staining. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 248-256 29563509-7 2018 Further analysis found that Dex treatment reduced cell death in the cortex and the hippocampus measured by Fluoro-Jade B (FJB) staining, prevented axonal degeneration detected by immunostaining with antibody against beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP), and protected synapses from elimination with synaptophysin staining. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 synaptophysin Mus musculus 304-317 29743866-8 2018 These results suggest that Dex inhibiting c-Fos nuclear protein levels promoted by LPS/ATP blocks the up-regulation of NLRP3. Dexmedetomidine 27-30 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 119-124 29743866-9 2018 This suggestion is supported by co-immunoprecipitation and PCR studies, in which Dex decreased the amount of c-Fos that binds to NLRP3 under the stimulation of LPS/ATP. Dexmedetomidine 81-84 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 109-114 29743866-9 2018 This suggestion is supported by co-immunoprecipitation and PCR studies, in which Dex decreased the amount of c-Fos that binds to NLRP3 under the stimulation of LPS/ATP. Dexmedetomidine 81-84 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 129-134 29743866-10 2018 The present study revealed that Dex inhibits inflammation in microglia cells under stimulation of LPS and ATP by c-Fos/NLRP3/caspase-1 cascades, which adds new understanding of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 113-118 29743866-10 2018 The present study revealed that Dex inhibits inflammation in microglia cells under stimulation of LPS and ATP by c-Fos/NLRP3/caspase-1 cascades, which adds new understanding of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 119-124 29743866-10 2018 The present study revealed that Dex inhibits inflammation in microglia cells under stimulation of LPS and ATP by c-Fos/NLRP3/caspase-1 cascades, which adds new understanding of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 125-134 29743866-10 2018 The present study revealed that Dex inhibits inflammation in microglia cells under stimulation of LPS and ATP by c-Fos/NLRP3/caspase-1 cascades, which adds new understanding of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 212-215 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 113-118 29743866-10 2018 The present study revealed that Dex inhibits inflammation in microglia cells under stimulation of LPS and ATP by c-Fos/NLRP3/caspase-1 cascades, which adds new understanding of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 212-215 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 119-124 29743866-10 2018 The present study revealed that Dex inhibits inflammation in microglia cells under stimulation of LPS and ATP by c-Fos/NLRP3/caspase-1 cascades, which adds new understanding of the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 212-215 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 125-134 29087603-0 2018 MiR-29b expression is associated with a dexmedetomidine-mediated protective effect against oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury to SK-N-SH cells in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 40-55 microRNA 29b-1 Homo sapiens 0-7 29087603-6 2018 Next, the association of miR-29b with the protective effect of Dex against ischemic brain injury was studied through the enhancement or inhibition of miR-29b expression by transfection with an miR-29b mimic or inhibitor. Dexmedetomidine 63-66 microRNA 29b-1 Homo sapiens 25-32 29087603-7 2018 We demonstrated that Dex treatment could reduce miR-29b expression, increase cell viability, and inhibit cell apoptosis in the OGD-induced neuronal injury model in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 21-24 microRNA 29b-1 Homo sapiens 48-55 29087603-9 2018 Moreover, up-regulation of miR-29b reversed the protective effect of Dex treatment against OGD-induced neuronal injury. Dexmedetomidine 69-72 microRNA 29b-1 Homo sapiens 27-34 29087603-11 2018 Elucidation of the role played by miR-29b in ischemia, and identification of a definite association between Dex and miR-29b may lead to the development of new strategies for treating ischemic brain injuries. Dexmedetomidine 108-111 microRNA 29b-1 Homo sapiens 116-123 29599834-7 2018 The concentrations of serum S100B and NGF in dexmedetomidine group was lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Dexmedetomidine 45-60 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 28-33 29599834-7 2018 The concentrations of serum S100B and NGF in dexmedetomidine group was lower than those in control group (P<0.01). Dexmedetomidine 45-60 nerve growth factor Homo sapiens 38-41 29599834-8 2018 The results of western blotting showed that the levels of serum BDNF in control group and dexmedetomidine group were significantly lower than that in normal group (P<0.01), and it was higher in dexmedetomidine group than that in control group (P<0.01). Dexmedetomidine 90-105 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 64-68 29599834-8 2018 The results of western blotting showed that the levels of serum BDNF in control group and dexmedetomidine group were significantly lower than that in normal group (P<0.01), and it was higher in dexmedetomidine group than that in control group (P<0.01). Dexmedetomidine 197-212 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 64-68 29269298-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine attenuates pancreatic injury and inflammatory response in mice with pancreatitis by possible reduction of NLRP3 activation and up-regulation of NET expression. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 122-127 29926678-13 2018 CONCLUSIONS: Dex has notable effects against H/R injury, which may be related to effective inhibition of apoptosis mediated by the CHOP"s signal path. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 131-135 28914648-12 2018 CONCLUSIONS: In the hypertrophied heart, DEX maintains its direct cardioprotective effect against ischemia/reperfusion injury via I1R in an eNOS-nondependent manner despite upregulation of alpha2-AR. Dexmedetomidine 41-44 nischarin Rattus norvegicus 130-133 29393492-8 2018 Collectively, these results suggested that DEX impairs P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux function in L02 cells via the AMPK/NF-kappaB pathway, which provided direct evidence that the hepatic disposition of drugs may be affected by DEX through the downregulation of P-gp. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 262-266 29393492-8 2018 Collectively, these results suggested that DEX impairs P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux function in L02 cells via the AMPK/NF-kappaB pathway, which provided direct evidence that the hepatic disposition of drugs may be affected by DEX through the downregulation of P-gp. Dexmedetomidine 228-231 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 55-69 29341457-0 2018 Different effects of dexmedetomidine and midazolam on the expression of NR2B and GABAA-alpha1 following peripheral nerve injury in rats. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 72-76 29210287-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury-induced apoptosis via the p38 MAPK/ERK signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 107-115 29210287-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury-induced apoptosis via the p38 MAPK/ERK signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 116-119 29210287-8 2018 Treatment with the p38 MAPK/ERK inhibitor CV-65 inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK/ERK and abrogated the DEX-induced effects on cell survival and apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 107-110 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 19-27 29210287-8 2018 Treatment with the p38 MAPK/ERK inhibitor CV-65 inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK/ERK and abrogated the DEX-induced effects on cell survival and apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 107-110 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 28-31 29210287-9 2018 Conclusions DEX protects N2A cells from OGD/R-induced apoptosis via the activation of the p38 MAPK/ERK signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 90-98 29210287-9 2018 Conclusions DEX protects N2A cells from OGD/R-induced apoptosis via the activation of the p38 MAPK/ERK signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 99-102 29241031-13 2018 In conclusion, the present study showed that DEX exerted a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI rats likely through the HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-kappaB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 163-167 29402365-11 2018 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine exerts the protective effects on lungs in patients of sepsis complicated with ARDS through the TLR4-MyD88-JNK signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 124-128 29402365-11 2018 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine exerts the protective effects on lungs in patients of sepsis complicated with ARDS through the TLR4-MyD88-JNK signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor Homo sapiens 129-134 29402365-11 2018 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine exerts the protective effects on lungs in patients of sepsis complicated with ARDS through the TLR4-MyD88-JNK signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 135-138 29377229-0 2018 microRNA-129-5p involved in the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by targeting COL3A1 through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 58-73 collagen type III alpha 1 chain Rattus norvegicus 120-126 29377229-0 2018 microRNA-129-5p involved in the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury by targeting COL3A1 through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 58-73 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 143-155 29377229-1 2018 Our study aims to elucidate the mechanisms how microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p) involved in the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) by targeting the type III procollagen gene (COL3A1) through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 118-133 microRNA 1295a Homo sapiens 64-74 29377229-1 2018 Our study aims to elucidate the mechanisms how microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p) involved in the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) by targeting the type III procollagen gene (COL3A1) through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 118-133 collagen type III alpha 1 chain Rattus norvegicus 224-230 29377229-1 2018 Our study aims to elucidate the mechanisms how microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p) involved in the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) by targeting the type III procollagen gene (COL3A1) through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 118-133 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 248-260 29377229-1 2018 Our study aims to elucidate the mechanisms how microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p) involved in the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) by targeting the type III procollagen gene (COL3A1) through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 135-138 microRNA 1295a Homo sapiens 64-74 29377229-1 2018 Our study aims to elucidate the mechanisms how microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p) involved in the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) by targeting the type III procollagen gene (COL3A1) through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 135-138 collagen type III alpha 1 chain Rattus norvegicus 224-230 29377229-1 2018 Our study aims to elucidate the mechanisms how microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p) involved in the neuroprotective effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI) by targeting the type III procollagen gene (COL3A1) through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 135-138 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 248-260 29377229-9 2018 Our findings demonstrate that miR-129-5p improves the neuroprotective role of DEX in HIBI by targeting COL3A1 through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 78-81 microRNA 1295a Homo sapiens 30-40 29377229-9 2018 Our findings demonstrate that miR-129-5p improves the neuroprotective role of DEX in HIBI by targeting COL3A1 through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 78-81 collagen type III alpha 1 chain Rattus norvegicus 103-109 29377229-9 2018 Our findings demonstrate that miR-129-5p improves the neuroprotective role of DEX in HIBI by targeting COL3A1 through the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 78-81 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 126-138 29351316-12 2018 The mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, MCP-1, indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (IDO), caspase-3, and iNOS were increased in the brain of LPS-challenged mice, which were reduced by Dex but not vehicle. Dexmedetomidine 171-174 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 23-32 29351316-12 2018 The mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, MCP-1, indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (IDO), caspase-3, and iNOS were increased in the brain of LPS-challenged mice, which were reduced by Dex but not vehicle. Dexmedetomidine 171-174 mast cell protease 1 Mus musculus 34-69 29351316-12 2018 The mRNA expression of TNF-alpha, MCP-1, indoleamine 2, 3 dioxygenase (IDO), caspase-3, and iNOS were increased in the brain of LPS-challenged mice, which were reduced by Dex but not vehicle. Dexmedetomidine 171-174 caspase 3 Mus musculus 77-86 29269298-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine attenuates pancreatic injury and inflammatory response in mice with pancreatitis by possible reduction of NLRP3 activation and up-regulation of NET expression. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, noradrenalin), member 2 Mus musculus 160-163 29269298-9 2018 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine at 20 mug/kg significantly attenuated pancreatic pathological injury, reduced serum levels of amylase, lipase, IL-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and decreased the expression of MPO in pancreatic tissue in both mouse models of pancreatitis. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 lipase, endothelial Mus musculus 128-134 29269298-9 2018 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine at 20 mug/kg significantly attenuated pancreatic pathological injury, reduced serum levels of amylase, lipase, IL-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and decreased the expression of MPO in pancreatic tissue in both mouse models of pancreatitis. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 136-144 29269298-9 2018 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine at 20 mug/kg significantly attenuated pancreatic pathological injury, reduced serum levels of amylase, lipase, IL-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and decreased the expression of MPO in pancreatic tissue in both mouse models of pancreatitis. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 146-150 29269298-9 2018 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine at 20 mug/kg significantly attenuated pancreatic pathological injury, reduced serum levels of amylase, lipase, IL-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and decreased the expression of MPO in pancreatic tissue in both mouse models of pancreatitis. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 156-189 29269298-9 2018 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine at 20 mug/kg significantly attenuated pancreatic pathological injury, reduced serum levels of amylase, lipase, IL-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and decreased the expression of MPO in pancreatic tissue in both mouse models of pancreatitis. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 223-226 29269298-10 2018 In addition, dexmedetomidine at 20 mug/kg significantly down-regulated the expression of NLRP3, pro-IL-1beta, and IL-1beta in pancreatic tissue, but up-regulated the expression of NET in both mouse models. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 89-94 29269298-10 2018 In addition, dexmedetomidine at 20 mug/kg significantly down-regulated the expression of NLRP3, pro-IL-1beta, and IL-1beta in pancreatic tissue, but up-regulated the expression of NET in both mouse models. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 100-108 29269298-10 2018 In addition, dexmedetomidine at 20 mug/kg significantly down-regulated the expression of NLRP3, pro-IL-1beta, and IL-1beta in pancreatic tissue, but up-regulated the expression of NET in both mouse models. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 114-122 29568750-0 2018 The Effect of Dexmedetomidine on Cognitive Function and Protein Expression of Abeta, p-Tau, and PSD95 after Extracorporeal Circulation Operation in Aged Rats. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 78-83 29269298-10 2018 In addition, dexmedetomidine at 20 mug/kg significantly down-regulated the expression of NLRP3, pro-IL-1beta, and IL-1beta in pancreatic tissue, but up-regulated the expression of NET in both mouse models. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, noradrenalin), member 2 Mus musculus 180-183 29269298-11 2018 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine attenuates pancreatic injury and inflammatory response in mice with pancreatitis possibly by reducing NLRP3 activation and up-regulating NET expression. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 130-135 29269298-11 2018 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine attenuates pancreatic injury and inflammatory response in mice with pancreatitis possibly by reducing NLRP3 activation and up-regulating NET expression. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, noradrenalin), member 2 Mus musculus 165-168 29412228-7 2018 Decreased mRNA and protein levels of GRP78 and CHOP compared with the IR group were observed after Dex treatment. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Rattus norvegicus 37-42 29412228-7 2018 Decreased mRNA and protein levels of GRP78 and CHOP compared with the IR group were observed after Dex treatment. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 29080744-9 2018 DEX reduced seizure severity and increased the amplitudes and sustainable time of LTP, and also inhibited the hippocampal expression of alpha7-nAChR and IL-1beta in CSE rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 153-161 29080744-10 2018 DEX treatment decreased serum IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and S-100beta levels and increased BDNF levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 30-38 29080744-10 2018 DEX treatment decreased serum IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and S-100beta levels and increased BDNF levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 40-49 29080744-10 2018 DEX treatment decreased serum IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and S-100beta levels and increased BDNF levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 S100 calcium binding protein B Rattus norvegicus 54-63 29080744-10 2018 DEX treatment decreased serum IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and S-100beta levels and increased BDNF levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 85-89 30308506-12 2018 Specific miRNAs, such as hsa-miR-101-3p, hsa-miR-150-5p and hsa-miR-140-3p, are new potential targets for further functional studies of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 136-151 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 9-12 30308506-12 2018 Specific miRNAs, such as hsa-miR-101-3p, hsa-miR-150-5p and hsa-miR-140-3p, are new potential targets for further functional studies of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 136-151 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 29-32 30308506-12 2018 Specific miRNAs, such as hsa-miR-101-3p, hsa-miR-150-5p and hsa-miR-140-3p, are new potential targets for further functional studies of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 136-151 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 29-32 29794450-10 2018 Dexmedetomidine and midazolam, but not propofol, changed the paracrine spectrum and NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation of hBM-MSCs co-cultured with L02 cells after H/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 84-97 29794450-13 2018 CONCLUSIONS: The intravenous anesthetics dexmedetomidine and midazolam enhanced the liver protective effects of hBM-MSCs during HIRI more effectively than propofol, by binding with their receptors and regulating the paracrine effect, migration ability, and NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation of hBM-MSCs. Dexmedetomidine 41-56 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 257-270 29929189-12 2018 Moreover, dexmedetomidine lessened caspase-3 activation and increased p-Akt and p-GSK-3beta levels in NSCs exposed to ketamine. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 35-44 29241031-0 2018 The protective effect of dexmedetomidine on LPS-induced acute lung injury through the HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-kappaB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 86-91 29241031-0 2018 The protective effect of dexmedetomidine on LPS-induced acute lung injury through the HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-kappaB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 101-105 29241031-0 2018 The protective effect of dexmedetomidine on LPS-induced acute lung injury through the HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-kappaB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 106-115 29929189-12 2018 Moreover, dexmedetomidine lessened caspase-3 activation and increased p-Akt and p-GSK-3beta levels in NSCs exposed to ketamine. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 29241031-0 2018 The protective effect of dexmedetomidine on LPS-induced acute lung injury through the HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-kappaB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 125-128 29929189-12 2018 Moreover, dexmedetomidine lessened caspase-3 activation and increased p-Akt and p-GSK-3beta levels in NSCs exposed to ketamine. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Homo sapiens 82-91 29241031-0 2018 The protective effect of dexmedetomidine on LPS-induced acute lung injury through the HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-kappaB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 129-133 29929189-14 2018 CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these findings indicate that dexmedetomidine may protect NSCs from ketamine-induced injury via the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3beta signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 56-71 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 131-134 29241031-8 2018 DEX effectively attenuated pulmonary pathology, and ameliorated the levels of MPO, SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and NO in LPS-stimulated rats and BEAS-2B cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 78-81 29929189-14 2018 CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these findings indicate that dexmedetomidine may protect NSCs from ketamine-induced injury via the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3beta signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 56-71 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Homo sapiens 135-144 29241031-8 2018 DEX effectively attenuated pulmonary pathology, and ameliorated the levels of MPO, SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and NO in LPS-stimulated rats and BEAS-2B cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 glutathione peroxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 93-99 29241031-8 2018 DEX effectively attenuated pulmonary pathology, and ameliorated the levels of MPO, SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and NO in LPS-stimulated rats and BEAS-2B cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 101-110 29241031-8 2018 DEX effectively attenuated pulmonary pathology, and ameliorated the levels of MPO, SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and NO in LPS-stimulated rats and BEAS-2B cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 112-116 29241031-8 2018 DEX effectively attenuated pulmonary pathology, and ameliorated the levels of MPO, SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and NO in LPS-stimulated rats and BEAS-2B cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 118-126 29241031-9 2018 Additionally, treatment with DEX inhibited the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88, p-IkappaB, p-NF-kappaB, p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 61-66 29241031-9 2018 Additionally, treatment with DEX inhibited the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88, p-IkappaB, p-NF-kappaB, p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 68-72 29241031-9 2018 Additionally, treatment with DEX inhibited the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88, p-IkappaB, p-NF-kappaB, p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor Homo sapiens 74-79 29241031-9 2018 Additionally, treatment with DEX inhibited the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88, p-IkappaB, p-NF-kappaB, p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 94-103 30589029-3 2018 We hypothesized that DEX could reduce the incidence of POCD caused by sevoflurane anesthesia through decreasing plasma interleukin (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha concentrations. Dexmedetomidine 21-24 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 132-136 29241031-9 2018 Additionally, treatment with DEX inhibited the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88, p-IkappaB, p-NF-kappaB, p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 115-118 29241031-9 2018 Additionally, treatment with DEX inhibited the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88, p-IkappaB, p-NF-kappaB, p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 125-129 29241031-11 2018 Treatment with glycyrrhizin, an inhibitor of HMGB1, confirmed that HMGB1 was involved in the mechanism of DEX on LPS-induced ALI. Dexmedetomidine 106-109 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 45-50 29241031-11 2018 Treatment with glycyrrhizin, an inhibitor of HMGB1, confirmed that HMGB1 was involved in the mechanism of DEX on LPS-induced ALI. Dexmedetomidine 106-109 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 67-72 29241031-13 2018 In conclusion, the present study showed that DEX exerted a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI rats likely through the HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-kappaB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 120-125 29241031-13 2018 In conclusion, the present study showed that DEX exerted a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI rats likely through the HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-kappaB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 135-139 29241031-13 2018 In conclusion, the present study showed that DEX exerted a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI rats likely through the HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-kappaB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 140-149 29241031-13 2018 In conclusion, the present study showed that DEX exerted a protective effect on LPS-induced ALI rats likely through the HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-kappaB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. Dexmedetomidine 45-48 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 159-162 29030006-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine mitigate acute lung injury by inhibiting IL-17-induced inflammatory reaction. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 17A Homo sapiens 57-62 29030006-2 2018 Previous studies demonstrated that intranasal injections of IL-17 resulted in pulmonary inflammation and lung damage, we therefore hypothesize that dexmedetomidine, a potent alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist that shows anti-inflammation effects in several animal models of inflammation, would attenuate IL-17 induced lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 148-163 interleukin 17A Homo sapiens 60-65 29030006-2 2018 Previous studies demonstrated that intranasal injections of IL-17 resulted in pulmonary inflammation and lung damage, we therefore hypothesize that dexmedetomidine, a potent alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist that shows anti-inflammation effects in several animal models of inflammation, would attenuate IL-17 induced lung injury. Dexmedetomidine 148-163 interleukin 17A Homo sapiens 304-309 29030006-6 2018 In every aspect of pulmonary inflammation investigated, dexmedetomidine significantly and dose-dependently attenuated the inflammatory effects of IL-17. Dexmedetomidine 56-71 interleukin 17A Homo sapiens 146-151 29030006-7 2018 Our results not only give a comprehensive description of the protective action of dexmedetomidine on IL-17 induced acute lung injury, but also provide insights to the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms. Dexmedetomidine 82-97 interleukin 17A Homo sapiens 101-106 29100037-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine promotes liver regeneration in mice after 70% partial hepatectomy by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome not TLR4/NFkappaB. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 97-102 29100037-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine promotes liver regeneration in mice after 70% partial hepatectomy by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome not TLR4/NFkappaB. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 120-124 29100037-0 2018 Dexmedetomidine promotes liver regeneration in mice after 70% partial hepatectomy by suppressing NLRP3 inflammasome not TLR4/NFkappaB. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 125-133 29100037-4 2018 Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been documented to protect the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury via the suppression of the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway, which is important for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and liver regeneration. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 126-130 29100037-4 2018 Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been documented to protect the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury via the suppression of the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway, which is important for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and liver regeneration. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 131-140 29100037-4 2018 Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been documented to protect the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury via the suppression of the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway, which is important for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and liver regeneration. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 173-178 29100037-4 2018 Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been documented to protect the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury via the suppression of the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway, which is important for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and liver regeneration. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 126-130 29100037-4 2018 Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been documented to protect the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury via the suppression of the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway, which is important for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and liver regeneration. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 131-140 29100037-4 2018 Dexmedetomidine (Dex) has been documented to protect the liver against ischemia-reperfusion injury via the suppression of the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway, which is important for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and liver regeneration. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 173-178 29100037-8 2018 Dex significantly inhibited the proliferation of Lo2 cells in vitro and decreased the expression of TLR4/NFkappaB. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 100-104 29100037-8 2018 Dex significantly inhibited the proliferation of Lo2 cells in vitro and decreased the expression of TLR4/NFkappaB. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 105-113 29100037-10 2018 Dex+PH+Dex inhibited the liver regeneration, which may be associated with suppressed expression levels of TLR4/NFkappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 106-110 29100037-10 2018 Dex+PH+Dex inhibited the liver regeneration, which may be associated with suppressed expression levels of TLR4/NFkappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 111-119 29100037-10 2018 Dex+PH+Dex inhibited the liver regeneration, which may be associated with suppressed expression levels of TLR4/NFkappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 7-10 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 106-110 29100037-10 2018 Dex+PH+Dex inhibited the liver regeneration, which may be associated with suppressed expression levels of TLR4/NFkappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 7-10 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 111-119 30589029-3 2018 We hypothesized that DEX could reduce the incidence of POCD caused by sevoflurane anesthesia through decreasing plasma interleukin (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha concentrations. Dexmedetomidine 21-24 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 142-175 30589029-10 2018 Conclusion: The POCD incidence was higher in elderly patients receiving sevoflurane anesthesia and DEX could alleviate POCD in these patients through decreasing plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 concentrations. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 168-177 30589029-10 2018 Conclusion: The POCD incidence was higher in elderly patients receiving sevoflurane anesthesia and DEX could alleviate POCD in these patients through decreasing plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 concentrations. Dexmedetomidine 99-102 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 182-186 30017939-5 2018 We found that high dose of dexmedetomidine significantly reduced IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in all aged rat brachial plexus compared to saline treatment, and these levels are similar to that of control brachial plexus at postnatal day 14, 18 and adulthood. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 65-69 30017939-5 2018 We found that high dose of dexmedetomidine significantly reduced IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in all aged rat brachial plexus compared to saline treatment, and these levels are similar to that of control brachial plexus at postnatal day 14, 18 and adulthood. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 74-83 30017939-6 2018 Caspase 3 level is not significantly different between dexmedetomidine and control group, except that it is higher in dexmedetomidine treated group at postnatal day 5. Dexmedetomidine 55-70 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-9 30017939-6 2018 Caspase 3 level is not significantly different between dexmedetomidine and control group, except that it is higher in dexmedetomidine treated group at postnatal day 5. Dexmedetomidine 118-133 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-9 29201195-0 2017 Anti-nociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine in a rat model of monoarthritis via suppression of the TLR4/NF-kappaB p65 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 98-102 29312480-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine mitigates CLP-stimulated acute lung injury via restraining the RAGE pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 MOK protein kinase Rattus norvegicus 79-83 29312480-4 2017 The study was to evaluate whether the RAGE pathway participated in the actions of DEX on sepsis-stimulated ALI in rats. Dexmedetomidine 82-85 MOK protein kinase Rattus norvegicus 38-42 29312480-8 2017 RESULTS: It was indicated that DEX markedly attenuated CLP-stimulated augment of lung inflammatory cells infiltration, along with significantly mitigated MPO activity. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 154-157 29312480-9 2017 Besides, DEX obviously reduced lung wet/dry weight ratio and the levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in BALF and lung tissue. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-80 29312480-9 2017 Besides, DEX obviously reduced lung wet/dry weight ratio and the levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in BALF and lung tissue. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 MOK protein kinase Rattus norvegicus 85-89 29312480-11 2017 Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that DEX efficiently restrained the activation of IkappaB-alpha, NF-kappaB p65, and MAPK. Dexmedetomidine 49-52 NFKB inhibitor alpha Rattus norvegicus 94-107 29312480-11 2017 Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that DEX efficiently restrained the activation of IkappaB-alpha, NF-kappaB p65, and MAPK. Dexmedetomidine 49-52 synaptotagmin 1 Rattus norvegicus 119-122 29312480-12 2017 CONCLUSION: Our studies demonstrated that DEX attenuates the aggravation of sepsis-stimulated ALI via down regulation of RAGE pathway, which has a potential value in the clinical therapy. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 MOK protein kinase Rattus norvegicus 121-125 28903184-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine exerts neuroprotective effect via the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in rats with traumatic brain injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 77-80 28903184-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine exerts neuroprotective effect via the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in rats with traumatic brain injury. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 81-85 28903184-1 2017 OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in rats suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 69-84 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 156-159 28903184-1 2017 OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in rats suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 69-84 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 160-164 28903184-1 2017 OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in rats suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 86-89 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 156-159 28903184-1 2017 OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in rats suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 86-89 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 160-164 28482761-1 2017 An exaggerated vasoconstriction response to dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, has been associated with 2 genotypes: a deletion in the alpha-2B adrenoreceptor gene ( ADRA2B deletion) and SNP rs9922316 in the gene for protein kinase C type beta ( PRKCB). Dexmedetomidine 44-59 adrenoceptor alpha 2B Homo sapiens 148-171 28482761-1 2017 An exaggerated vasoconstriction response to dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, has been associated with 2 genotypes: a deletion in the alpha-2B adrenoreceptor gene ( ADRA2B deletion) and SNP rs9922316 in the gene for protein kinase C type beta ( PRKCB). Dexmedetomidine 44-59 adrenoceptor alpha 2B Homo sapiens 179-185 28482761-1 2017 An exaggerated vasoconstriction response to dexmedetomidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, has been associated with 2 genotypes: a deletion in the alpha-2B adrenoreceptor gene ( ADRA2B deletion) and SNP rs9922316 in the gene for protein kinase C type beta ( PRKCB). Dexmedetomidine 44-59 protein kinase C beta Homo sapiens 259-264 28784305-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress in NLRC5 deficient mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 NLR family, CARD domain containing 5 Mus musculus 133-138 28784305-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress in NLRC5 deficient mice. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 NLR family, CARD domain containing 5 Mus musculus 133-138 28784305-7 2017 Importantly, I/R-induced increase of NLRC5 was reduced by DEX pre-treatment. Dexmedetomidine 58-61 NLR family, CARD domain containing 5 Mus musculus 37-42 28784305-8 2017 After hepatic I/R injury, WT and NLRC5-/- mice pre-treated with DEX exhibited attenuated histological disruption, and reduced pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which was associated with the inactivated NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 NLR family, CARD domain containing 5 Mus musculus 33-38 28784305-8 2017 After hepatic I/R injury, WT and NLRC5-/- mice pre-treated with DEX exhibited attenuated histological disruption, and reduced pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which was associated with the inactivated NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 164-191 28784305-8 2017 After hepatic I/R injury, WT and NLRC5-/- mice pre-treated with DEX exhibited attenuated histological disruption, and reduced pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which was associated with the inactivated NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 193-202 28784305-8 2017 After hepatic I/R injury, WT and NLRC5-/- mice pre-treated with DEX exhibited attenuated histological disruption, and reduced pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which was associated with the inactivated NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 205-223 28784305-8 2017 After hepatic I/R injury, WT and NLRC5-/- mice pre-treated with DEX exhibited attenuated histological disruption, and reduced pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which was associated with the inactivated NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 225-233 28784305-8 2017 After hepatic I/R injury, WT and NLRC5-/- mice pre-treated with DEX exhibited attenuated histological disruption, and reduced pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which was associated with the inactivated NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 238-269 28784305-8 2017 After hepatic I/R injury, WT and NLRC5-/- mice pre-treated with DEX exhibited attenuated histological disruption, and reduced pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which was associated with the inactivated NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 271-275 28784305-8 2017 After hepatic I/R injury, WT and NLRC5-/- mice pre-treated with DEX exhibited attenuated histological disruption, and reduced pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which was associated with the inactivated NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 320-329 28784305-9 2017 Moreover, suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis was observed in DEX-treated mice with I/R injury, probably through enhancing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), reducing mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Caspase-3/poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) pathways. Dexmedetomidine 72-75 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 133-176 28784305-9 2017 Moreover, suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis was observed in DEX-treated mice with I/R injury, probably through enhancing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), reducing mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Caspase-3/poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) pathways. Dexmedetomidine 72-75 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 178-182 28784305-9 2017 Moreover, suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis was observed in DEX-treated mice with I/R injury, probably through enhancing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), reducing mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Caspase-3/poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) pathways. Dexmedetomidine 72-75 caspase 3 Mus musculus 240-278 28784305-9 2017 Moreover, suppression of oxidative stress and apoptosis was observed in DEX-treated mice with I/R injury, probably through enhancing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), reducing mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Caspase-3/poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) pathways. Dexmedetomidine 72-75 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 Mus musculus 280-284 28784305-11 2017 Together, the findings illustrated that lack of NLRC5 resulted in severer liver I/R injury, which could be alleviated by DEX pre-treatment. Dexmedetomidine 121-124 NLR family, CARD domain containing 5 Mus musculus 48-53 29201195-0 2017 Anti-nociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine in a rat model of monoarthritis via suppression of the TLR4/NF-kappaB p65 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 synaptotagmin 1 Rattus norvegicus 113-116 29201195-9 2017 DEX treatment markedly reduced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, suppressed MA-induced elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the TLR4/NF-kappaB p65 pathway, while these effects were blocked by pre-treatment with the selective alpha2AR antagonist BRL44408 (15 microg) at 30 min prior to CFA injection. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 152-156 29201195-9 2017 DEX treatment markedly reduced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, suppressed MA-induced elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the TLR4/NF-kappaB p65 pathway, while these effects were blocked by pre-treatment with the selective alpha2AR antagonist BRL44408 (15 microg) at 30 min prior to CFA injection. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 synaptotagmin 1 Rattus norvegicus 167-170 29201195-10 2017 These results suggested that DEX has an anti-nociceptive effect via suppressing the TLR4/NF-kappaB p65 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 84-88 29201195-10 2017 These results suggested that DEX has an anti-nociceptive effect via suppressing the TLR4/NF-kappaB p65 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 synaptotagmin 1 Rattus norvegicus 99-102 28690001-5 2017 This study shows that intrathecal injections of dexmedetomidine (DEX), or intraperitoneally administered ulinastatin (UTI) significantly reduces Sprague Dawley rats" mechanical allodynia induced by VCR via upregulation of interleukin-10 expression and activating the alpha2-adrenergic receptor in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Dexmedetomidine 48-63 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 222-236 28903184-11 2017 CONCLUSION: The data shows that Dex exerts a neuroprotective effect via the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in rats with TBI. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 99-102 28903184-11 2017 CONCLUSION: The data shows that Dex exerts a neuroprotective effect via the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in rats with TBI. Dexmedetomidine 32-35 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 103-107 28807786-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine prolongs levobupivacaine analgesia via inhibition of inflammation and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in rat dorsal root ganglion. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 86-89 28807786-4 2017 The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of regional analgesia by levobupivacaine with or without dexmedetomidine on the p38 MAPK phosphorylation in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and inflammatory reaction in the peripheral tissue. Dexmedetomidine 108-123 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 131-134 28807786-14 2017 However, Levobupivacaine and dexmedetomidine completely inhibited p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and reduced macrophage accumulation and TNF-alpha amount in the plantar tissue. Dexmedetomidine 29-44 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 66-69 28807786-14 2017 However, Levobupivacaine and dexmedetomidine completely inhibited p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and reduced macrophage accumulation and TNF-alpha amount in the plantar tissue. Dexmedetomidine 29-44 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 132-141 28807786-15 2017 Inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation via TNF-alpha suggests dexmedetomidine has a peripheral mechanism of anti-inflammatory action when used asan adjunct to local anesthetics, and provides a molecular basis for the prevention of peripheral sensitization following surgery. Dexmedetomidine 62-77 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 14-17 28807786-15 2017 Inhibition of p38 MAPK phosphorylation via TNF-alpha suggests dexmedetomidine has a peripheral mechanism of anti-inflammatory action when used asan adjunct to local anesthetics, and provides a molecular basis for the prevention of peripheral sensitization following surgery. Dexmedetomidine 62-77 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 43-52 29042954-6 2017 In addition, ELISA tests showed that Dex regulated the production of the T-helper (Th) 17 cytokines interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23, but not the Th1 cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha, in splenocytes and lymphocytes. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 interleukin 17A Rattus norvegicus 100-119 29033541-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine reduces the neuronal apoptosis related to cardiopulmonary bypass by inhibiting activation of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 113-117 29033541-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine reduces the neuronal apoptosis related to cardiopulmonary bypass by inhibiting activation of the JAK2-STAT3 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 118-123 29033541-6 2017 We observed that dexmedetomidine treatment to rats reduces the S100beta, NSE levels in plasma, and neuronal apoptosis following CPB in a dose-dependent manner. Dexmedetomidine 17-32 S100 calcium binding protein B Rattus norvegicus 63-71 29033541-6 2017 We observed that dexmedetomidine treatment to rats reduces the S100beta, NSE levels in plasma, and neuronal apoptosis following CPB in a dose-dependent manner. Dexmedetomidine 17-32 enolase 2 Rattus norvegicus 73-76 29033541-7 2017 Furthermore, we observed that the beneficial effect of dexmedetomidine treatment following CPB was associated with a reduction in IL6, an inflammatory cytokine in plasma and cortex. Dexmedetomidine 55-70 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 130-133 29033541-10 2017 In addition, dexmedetomidine administration inhibits phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 proteins in the hippocampus of rats 2 hours after CPB. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 72-76 29033541-10 2017 In addition, dexmedetomidine administration inhibits phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 proteins in the hippocampus of rats 2 hours after CPB. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 81-86 29033541-11 2017 Therefore, we speculate that the JAK2-STAT3 pathway plays an important role in the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine following brain injury induced by CPB. Dexmedetomidine 110-125 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 33-37 29033541-11 2017 Therefore, we speculate that the JAK2-STAT3 pathway plays an important role in the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine following brain injury induced by CPB. Dexmedetomidine 110-125 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 38-43 28690001-5 2017 This study shows that intrathecal injections of dexmedetomidine (DEX), or intraperitoneally administered ulinastatin (UTI) significantly reduces Sprague Dawley rats" mechanical allodynia induced by VCR via upregulation of interleukin-10 expression and activating the alpha2-adrenergic receptor in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Dexmedetomidine 65-68 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 222-236 28690001-7 2017 This synergistic interaction between DEX and UTI may be partly attributed to a common analgesic pathway in which the upregulation of interleukin -10 plays an important role via activating alpha2-adrenergic receptor in rat dorsal root ganglion. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 133-148 28724211-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protects against retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and inhibits inflammation response via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 124-144 28724211-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protects against retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury and inhibits inflammation response via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 146-150 28724211-13 2017 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning suppresses retinal I/R injury and shows effective anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting TLR4/NF-kappaB expression. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 133-137 28969315-10 2017 Dexmedetomidine by itself increased apoptosis only in CA2/3 and the ventral posterior nucleus, but not in prefrontal cortex, retrosplenial cortex, somatosensory cortex, subiculum, lateral dorsal thalamic nucleaus, or hippocampal CA1. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 carbonic anhydrase 2 Rattus norvegicus 54-59 28556946-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine protects mice against myocardium ischaemic/reperfusion injury by activating an AMPK/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 105-108 28556946-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine protects mice against myocardium ischaemic/reperfusion injury by activating an AMPK/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 109-113 28556946-8 2017 Anti-oxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were restored by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 110-113 catalase Mus musculus 51-59 28556946-10 2017 Dex activated AMPK expression, eNOS and Akt phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 31-35 28556946-10 2017 Dex activated AMPK expression, eNOS and Akt phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 40-43 28556946-11 2017 The influence of Dex on cardiac function was reversed by the inhibitors of the eNOS, AMPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 79-83 28556946-11 2017 The influence of Dex on cardiac function was reversed by the inhibitors of the eNOS, AMPK and PI3K/Akt pathways. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 99-102 28556946-13 2017 Our results present a novel signalling mechanism that Dex protects MIR injury by activating an AMPK/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Dexmedetomidine 54-57 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 105-108 28556946-13 2017 Our results present a novel signalling mechanism that Dex protects MIR injury by activating an AMPK/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway. Dexmedetomidine 54-57 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 109-113 28668524-6 2017 RESULTS: Treatment with Dex significantly decreased CD42a+/CD14+ at T2, T3, and T4, and markedly increased HLADR+/CD14+ at T4 and T5 when compared with controls. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 glycoprotein IX platelet Homo sapiens 52-57 28668524-6 2017 RESULTS: Treatment with Dex significantly decreased CD42a+/CD14+ at T2, T3, and T4, and markedly increased HLADR+/CD14+ at T4 and T5 when compared with controls. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 CD14 molecule Homo sapiens 59-63 28668524-6 2017 RESULTS: Treatment with Dex significantly decreased CD42a+/CD14+ at T2, T3, and T4, and markedly increased HLADR+/CD14+ at T4 and T5 when compared with controls. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 CD14 molecule Homo sapiens 114-118 28668524-8 2017 Serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha level in Dex group was significantly increased at T3 and T4 (P<0.05), and IL-6 and TNF-alpha level in control group was significantly increased at T2, T3, T4 and T5 (P<0.05) when compared with their respective preoperative levels (T1). Dexmedetomidine 34-37 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 6-10 28668524-8 2017 Serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha level in Dex group was significantly increased at T3 and T4 (P<0.05), and IL-6 and TNF-alpha level in control group was significantly increased at T2, T3, T4 and T5 (P<0.05) when compared with their respective preoperative levels (T1). Dexmedetomidine 34-37 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 15-24 28668524-9 2017 IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels at T2, T3, T4 and T5 in Dex group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 50-53 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 0-4 28668524-9 2017 IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels at T2, T3, T4 and T5 in Dex group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 50-53 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 9-18 27987330-6 2017 As to the mechanisms, exposure of neuro-2a cells to dexmedetomidine substantially attenuated I/R-induced translocation of Bax protein from the cytosol to mitochondria and reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Dexmedetomidine 52-67 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 122-125 27987330-7 2017 Successively, dexmedetomidine decreased cytochrome c release from mitochondria to the cytoplasm and consequent cascade activations of caspases-9, -3, and -6 in I/R-treated neuro-2a cells. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 caspase 9 Mus musculus 134-156 27987330-8 2017 Interestingly, downregulating caspase-6 activity synergistically improved dexmedetomidine-induced defense against I/R-induced apoptosis of neuro-2a cells. Dexmedetomidine 74-89 caspase 6 Mus musculus 30-39 27987330-9 2017 The dexmedetomidine-involved neuroprotection was further confirmed in the other NB41A3 neuronal cells by significantly attenuating I/R-induced changes in the MMP, caspase-3 activation, DNA fragmentation, and cell apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 4-19 caspase 3 Mus musculus 163-172 27987330-10 2017 Taken together, this study has shown the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine against I/R-induced apoptotic insults via an intrinsic Bax-mitochondria-cytochrome c-caspase protease pathway. Dexmedetomidine 68-83 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 139-142 29207810-10 2017 Results: Dexmedetomidine significantly attenuates stress response at intubation with lesser increase in HR (5% Vs 18%), SBP (9% Vs 19%) and DBP (3% Vs 15%), MAP (2% Vs 15%) as compared to fentanyl (p<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 9-24 D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor Homo sapiens 140-143 29207810-12 2017 Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine when compared to fentanyl causes greater attenuation of stress response to tracheal intubation, following pneumoperitoneum and in intraoperative period resulting in greater reduction of HR, SBP, DBP, MAP than that of fentanyl, thus causing better haemodynamic stability in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor Homo sapiens 223-226 28825102-9 2017 While the administration of DEX alleviated the H/R injury-induced cell damage, obviously increased the cell viability (P < 0.01), significantly decreased the increment of apoptotic cells and the AI value induced by H/R injury (P < 0.01), and also dramatically decreased the H/R injury-induced high level of caspase-3 activity (P < 0.01) as well as high expression of caspase-12 protein and mRNA (P < 0.01). Dexmedetomidine 28-31 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 313-322 28753906-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning plays a neuroprotective role and suppresses TLR4/NF-kappaB pathways model of cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 76-80 28753906-10 2017 GFAP expression was distinctly inhibited by dexmedetomidine preconditioning (10mug/kg, 20mug/kg) in cerebral ischemia area. Dexmedetomidine 44-59 glial fibrillary acidic protein Rattus norvegicus 0-4 28753906-11 2017 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning inhibited the expression of TLR4 and NF-kappaB and increased that of TRIF. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 60-64 28753906-13 2017 Dexmedetomidine might suppress TLR4/NF-? Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 31-35 28674865-1 2017 PURPOSE: To report the use of intranasal dexmedetomidine, an alpha2-adrenergic agonist for the acute treatment of refractory adrenergic crisis in patients with familial dysautonomia. Dexmedetomidine 41-56 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 61-67 28832497-8 2017 Dexmedetomidine decreased the LPS-induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and cortex via significant reduction of the IL1-beta and TNF-alpha gene expressions after 24 h. Moreover, the LPS-mediated increased expressions of miR 124, 132, 134, and 155 were significantly decreased after dexmedetomidine treatment in both brain regions. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 123-131 28832497-8 2017 Dexmedetomidine decreased the LPS-induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and cortex via significant reduction of the IL1-beta and TNF-alpha gene expressions after 24 h. Moreover, the LPS-mediated increased expressions of miR 124, 132, 134, and 155 were significantly decreased after dexmedetomidine treatment in both brain regions. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 136-145 28832497-9 2017 In plasma, dexmedetomidine significantly reduced LPS-induced miR 155 after 6 h. Furthermore, there is evidence that miR 132 and 134 may be suitable as potential biomarkers for the detection of neuroinflammation. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 microRNA 155 Rattus norvegicus 61-68 28829488-11 2017 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine can effectively reduce the release of inflammatory factors in patients that received the radical resection of gastric cancer, and the anti-inflammation effect may be exerted through downregulating the expression of NF-kappaB. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 244-253 28302458-5 2017 DEX preconditioning improved locomotor scores after SCI, which was accompanied by increased alpha7nAChR and acetylcholine (Ach, an endogenous ligand of alpha7nAChR) expression as well as PI3K/Akt activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 192-195 28302458-9 2017 These findings imply that the alpha2R/PI3K/Akt/Ly6h and alpha7nAChR/PI3K/Akt/PU.1 cascades are required for upregulated alpha7nAChR and downregulated TLR4 expression by DEX pretreatment, respectively, which provided a unique insight into understanding DEX-mediated neuroprotection. Dexmedetomidine 169-172 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 43-46 28302458-9 2017 These findings imply that the alpha2R/PI3K/Akt/Ly6h and alpha7nAChR/PI3K/Akt/PU.1 cascades are required for upregulated alpha7nAChR and downregulated TLR4 expression by DEX pretreatment, respectively, which provided a unique insight into understanding DEX-mediated neuroprotection. Dexmedetomidine 169-172 lymphocyte antigen 6 family member H Rattus norvegicus 47-51 28302458-9 2017 These findings imply that the alpha2R/PI3K/Akt/Ly6h and alpha7nAChR/PI3K/Akt/PU.1 cascades are required for upregulated alpha7nAChR and downregulated TLR4 expression by DEX pretreatment, respectively, which provided a unique insight into understanding DEX-mediated neuroprotection. Dexmedetomidine 169-172 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-76 28302458-9 2017 These findings imply that the alpha2R/PI3K/Akt/Ly6h and alpha7nAChR/PI3K/Akt/PU.1 cascades are required for upregulated alpha7nAChR and downregulated TLR4 expression by DEX pretreatment, respectively, which provided a unique insight into understanding DEX-mediated neuroprotection. Dexmedetomidine 169-172 Spi-1 proto-oncogene Rattus norvegicus 77-81 28302458-9 2017 These findings imply that the alpha2R/PI3K/Akt/Ly6h and alpha7nAChR/PI3K/Akt/PU.1 cascades are required for upregulated alpha7nAChR and downregulated TLR4 expression by DEX pretreatment, respectively, which provided a unique insight into understanding DEX-mediated neuroprotection. Dexmedetomidine 169-172 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 150-154 28302458-9 2017 These findings imply that the alpha2R/PI3K/Akt/Ly6h and alpha7nAChR/PI3K/Akt/PU.1 cascades are required for upregulated alpha7nAChR and downregulated TLR4 expression by DEX pretreatment, respectively, which provided a unique insight into understanding DEX-mediated neuroprotection. Dexmedetomidine 252-255 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 43-46 28302458-9 2017 These findings imply that the alpha2R/PI3K/Akt/Ly6h and alpha7nAChR/PI3K/Akt/PU.1 cascades are required for upregulated alpha7nAChR and downregulated TLR4 expression by DEX pretreatment, respectively, which provided a unique insight into understanding DEX-mediated neuroprotection. Dexmedetomidine 252-255 lymphocyte antigen 6 family member H Rattus norvegicus 47-51 28302458-9 2017 These findings imply that the alpha2R/PI3K/Akt/Ly6h and alpha7nAChR/PI3K/Akt/PU.1 cascades are required for upregulated alpha7nAChR and downregulated TLR4 expression by DEX pretreatment, respectively, which provided a unique insight into understanding DEX-mediated neuroprotection. Dexmedetomidine 252-255 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-76 28302458-9 2017 These findings imply that the alpha2R/PI3K/Akt/Ly6h and alpha7nAChR/PI3K/Akt/PU.1 cascades are required for upregulated alpha7nAChR and downregulated TLR4 expression by DEX pretreatment, respectively, which provided a unique insight into understanding DEX-mediated neuroprotection. Dexmedetomidine 252-255 Spi-1 proto-oncogene Rattus norvegicus 77-81 28302458-9 2017 These findings imply that the alpha2R/PI3K/Akt/Ly6h and alpha7nAChR/PI3K/Akt/PU.1 cascades are required for upregulated alpha7nAChR and downregulated TLR4 expression by DEX pretreatment, respectively, which provided a unique insight into understanding DEX-mediated neuroprotection. Dexmedetomidine 252-255 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 150-154 28729825-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine Protects Mouse Brain from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Inhibiting Neuronal Autophagy through Up-Regulating HIF-1alpha. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 126-136 28729825-6 2017 DEX induced expression of Bcl-1 and p62, while reduced the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin 1 in primary cultured neurons through inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 cyclin D1 Mus musculus 26-31 28729825-6 2017 DEX induced expression of Bcl-1 and p62, while reduced the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin 1 in primary cultured neurons through inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 nucleoporin 62 Mus musculus 36-39 28729825-6 2017 DEX induced expression of Bcl-1 and p62, while reduced the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin 1 in primary cultured neurons through inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha Mus musculus 121-124 28729825-6 2017 DEX induced expression of Bcl-1 and p62, while reduced the expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin 1 in primary cultured neurons through inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 beclin 1, autophagy related Mus musculus 130-138 28729825-7 2017 Meanwhile, DEX promoted the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) both in vivo and in vitro, and 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an inhibitor of HIF-1alpha, could reverse DEX-induced autophagic inhibition. Dexmedetomidine 11-14 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 42-73 28729825-7 2017 Meanwhile, DEX promoted the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) both in vivo and in vitro, and 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an inhibitor of HIF-1alpha, could reverse DEX-induced autophagic inhibition. Dexmedetomidine 11-14 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 75-85 28729825-7 2017 Meanwhile, DEX promoted the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) both in vivo and in vitro, and 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an inhibitor of HIF-1alpha, could reverse DEX-induced autophagic inhibition. Dexmedetomidine 11-14 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 161-171 28729825-7 2017 Meanwhile, DEX promoted the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) both in vivo and in vitro, and 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an inhibitor of HIF-1alpha, could reverse DEX-induced autophagic inhibition. Dexmedetomidine 187-190 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 42-73 28729825-7 2017 Meanwhile, DEX promoted the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) both in vivo and in vitro, and 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an inhibitor of HIF-1alpha, could reverse DEX-induced autophagic inhibition. Dexmedetomidine 187-190 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 75-85 28729825-8 2017 In conclusion, our study suggests that post-conditioning with DEX at the beginning of reperfusion protects mouse brain from ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibition of neuronal autophagy by upregulation of HIF-1alpha, which provides a potential therapeutic treatment for acute ischemic injury. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 208-218 28463790-8 2017 Mechanistically, DEX activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, impaired caspase-3 expression, and enhanced anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 to resist lidocaine-induced apoptosis, indicating that the optimal dose of DEX alleviates lidocaine-induced cytotoxicity and should be considered in clinical application. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 93-102 28463790-8 2017 Mechanistically, DEX activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, impaired caspase-3 expression, and enhanced anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 to resist lidocaine-induced apoptosis, indicating that the optimal dose of DEX alleviates lidocaine-induced cytotoxicity and should be considered in clinical application. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 150-155 28436683-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine Protects PC12 Cells from Lidocaine-Induced Cytotoxicity Through Downregulation of COL3A1 Mediated by miR-let-7b. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 collagen type III alpha 1 chain Rattus norvegicus 98-104 28436683-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine Protects PC12 Cells from Lidocaine-Induced Cytotoxicity Through Downregulation of COL3A1 Mediated by miR-let-7b. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 microRNA let-7b Rattus norvegicus 117-127 28436683-4 2017 Here, we confirmed by measuring mRNA and protein levels that miR-let-7b was downregulated and COL3A1 was upregulated in lidocaine-treated cells, an observation that was reversed by dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 181-196 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Rattus norvegicus 61-64 28436683-4 2017 Here, we confirmed by measuring mRNA and protein levels that miR-let-7b was downregulated and COL3A1 was upregulated in lidocaine-treated cells, an observation that was reversed by dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 181-196 microRNA let-7b Homo sapiens 65-71 28436683-4 2017 Here, we confirmed by measuring mRNA and protein levels that miR-let-7b was downregulated and COL3A1 was upregulated in lidocaine-treated cells, an observation that was reversed by dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 181-196 collagen type III alpha 1 chain Rattus norvegicus 94-100 28436683-5 2017 Similar to miR-let-7b mimics or knockdown of COL3A1, dexmedetomidine treatment reduced the expression of COL3A1, suppressed cell apoptosis and cell migration/invasion ability, and induced cell cycle progression and cell proliferation in PC12 cells, effects that were reversed by the miR-let-7b inhibitor. Dexmedetomidine 53-68 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Homo sapiens 11-14 28436683-5 2017 Similar to miR-let-7b mimics or knockdown of COL3A1, dexmedetomidine treatment reduced the expression of COL3A1, suppressed cell apoptosis and cell migration/invasion ability, and induced cell cycle progression and cell proliferation in PC12 cells, effects that were reversed by the miR-let-7b inhibitor. Dexmedetomidine 53-68 microRNA let-7b Homo sapiens 15-21 28436683-5 2017 Similar to miR-let-7b mimics or knockdown of COL3A1, dexmedetomidine treatment reduced the expression of COL3A1, suppressed cell apoptosis and cell migration/invasion ability, and induced cell cycle progression and cell proliferation in PC12 cells, effects that were reversed by the miR-let-7b inhibitor. Dexmedetomidine 53-68 collagen type III alpha 1 chain Homo sapiens 45-51 28436683-5 2017 Similar to miR-let-7b mimics or knockdown of COL3A1, dexmedetomidine treatment reduced the expression of COL3A1, suppressed cell apoptosis and cell migration/invasion ability, and induced cell cycle progression and cell proliferation in PC12 cells, effects that were reversed by the miR-let-7b inhibitor. Dexmedetomidine 53-68 collagen type III alpha 1 chain Homo sapiens 105-111 28436683-7 2017 Taken together, dexmedetomidine may protect PC12 cells from lidocaine-induced cytotoxicity through miR-let-7b and COL3A1, while also increasing Bcl2 and inhibiting caspase 3. Dexmedetomidine 16-31 microRNA let-7b Rattus norvegicus 99-109 28436683-7 2017 Taken together, dexmedetomidine may protect PC12 cells from lidocaine-induced cytotoxicity through miR-let-7b and COL3A1, while also increasing Bcl2 and inhibiting caspase 3. Dexmedetomidine 16-31 collagen type III alpha 1 chain Rattus norvegicus 114-120 28436683-7 2017 Taken together, dexmedetomidine may protect PC12 cells from lidocaine-induced cytotoxicity through miR-let-7b and COL3A1, while also increasing Bcl2 and inhibiting caspase 3. Dexmedetomidine 16-31 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 144-148 28436683-7 2017 Taken together, dexmedetomidine may protect PC12 cells from lidocaine-induced cytotoxicity through miR-let-7b and COL3A1, while also increasing Bcl2 and inhibiting caspase 3. Dexmedetomidine 16-31 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 164-173 28186665-6 2017 Real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that dexmedetomidine could enhance the mRNA and protein expression of alpha-ENaC subunit, while inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 . Dexmedetomidine 51-66 sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 116-126 28186665-6 2017 Real-time PCR and Western blot results showed that dexmedetomidine could enhance the mRNA and protein expression of alpha-ENaC subunit, while inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 . Dexmedetomidine 51-66 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 176-182 28186665-7 2017 These data demonstrate that dexmedetomidine could improve human lung fluid clearance and lung epithelial Na+ channel activity, and these effects may be mediated through the enhancement of alpha-ENaC expression and inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 188-198 28186665-7 2017 These data demonstrate that dexmedetomidine could improve human lung fluid clearance and lung epithelial Na+ channel activity, and these effects may be mediated through the enhancement of alpha-ENaC expression and inhibition of ERK1/2 pathway. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 228-234 28555511-5 2017 We found that dexmedetomidine dose-dependently inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 in the pouch and decreased the number of white blood cells (WBC) recruited into the pouch. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 75-108 28555511-5 2017 We found that dexmedetomidine dose-dependently inhibited the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 in the pouch and decreased the number of white blood cells (WBC) recruited into the pouch. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 113-131 28555511-6 2017 Dexmedetomidine also dose-dependently inhibited the production of neutrophil chemokines, cxcl1 and cxcl2. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 Mus musculus 89-94 28555511-6 2017 Dexmedetomidine also dose-dependently inhibited the production of neutrophil chemokines, cxcl1 and cxcl2. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 99-104 28555511-7 2017 Furthermore, the dexmedetomidine-induced decreased recruitment of WBC into the pouch was successfully reversed with intra-pouch administration of cxcl1/cxcl2, but not TNF-alpha or IL-6. Dexmedetomidine 17-32 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 Mus musculus 146-151 28555511-7 2017 Furthermore, the dexmedetomidine-induced decreased recruitment of WBC into the pouch was successfully reversed with intra-pouch administration of cxcl1/cxcl2, but not TNF-alpha or IL-6. Dexmedetomidine 17-32 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 152-157 28555511-9 2017 We conclude that dexmedetomidine has an anti-inflammatory property in the carrageenan-induced mouse air pouch inflammation model, and that the dexmedetomidine-induced inhibition of production of the neutrophil chemokines, cxcl1 and cxcl2, may be related, at least in part, to the inhibition of WBC intra-pouch recruitment. Dexmedetomidine 143-158 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 Mus musculus 222-227 28555511-9 2017 We conclude that dexmedetomidine has an anti-inflammatory property in the carrageenan-induced mouse air pouch inflammation model, and that the dexmedetomidine-induced inhibition of production of the neutrophil chemokines, cxcl1 and cxcl2, may be related, at least in part, to the inhibition of WBC intra-pouch recruitment. Dexmedetomidine 143-158 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 232-237 28625442-11 2017 The levels of BUN and Cr at T5 and the NGAL level at T3 and T4 were significantly lower in Dex group, comparable to placebo group. Dexmedetomidine 91-94 lipocalin 2 Homo sapiens 39-43 28966649-4 2017 Our results demonstrate that 4 hours after inhaling isoflurane, 20 mug/kg dexmedetomidine visibly mitigated isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis, reversed downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression, and lessened decreased spatial learning and memory ability in adulthood in the fetal rats. Dexmedetomidine 74-89 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 174-207 28709158-10 2017 The results showed that DEX decreased TUNEL-positive cells induced by heatstroke in a Bax/Bcl-2-related manner. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 86-89 28709158-10 2017 The results showed that DEX decreased TUNEL-positive cells induced by heatstroke in a Bax/Bcl-2-related manner. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 90-95 28574842-6 2017 Nrf2/Keap1 was inhibited and Akt signal was activated in the lung after exposure to LPS, while dexmedetomidine activated Nrf2/Keap1, which further mediated expressions of antioxidant genes. Dexmedetomidine 95-110 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 28574842-6 2017 Nrf2/Keap1 was inhibited and Akt signal was activated in the lung after exposure to LPS, while dexmedetomidine activated Nrf2/Keap1, which further mediated expressions of antioxidant genes. Dexmedetomidine 95-110 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 121-125 28574842-6 2017 Nrf2/Keap1 was inhibited and Akt signal was activated in the lung after exposure to LPS, while dexmedetomidine activated Nrf2/Keap1, which further mediated expressions of antioxidant genes. Dexmedetomidine 95-110 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 126-131 28574842-7 2017 In conclusion, dexmedetomidine alleviated inflammatory response and oxidative stress in LPS-induced lung injury in rats via influencing Nrf2/Keap1 signal. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 136-140 28574842-7 2017 In conclusion, dexmedetomidine alleviated inflammatory response and oxidative stress in LPS-induced lung injury in rats via influencing Nrf2/Keap1 signal. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-146 28700489-8 2017 eGFR was significantly lower in the control group than in the dexmedetomidine group at T2 (72.6 +- 15.1 vs 83.9 +- 13.5, P = .044) and T3 (73.4 +- 15.4 vs 86.7 +- 15.9, P = .03). Dexmedetomidine 62-77 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 0-4 28700489-9 2017 CONCLUSION: Intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine may reduce the incidence of AKI and suppress post-bypass eGFR decline. Dexmedetomidine 39-54 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 112-116 28441717-12 2017 Western blot analysis showed that the expression of nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 was significantly decreased in DEX group compared with Sham group, whereas these effects of DEX on nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 were blocked by both yohimbine and idazoxan, indicating that the analgesic effect of DEX is mediated by both alpha2 adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor. Dexmedetomidine 107-110 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 52-56 28969013-9 2017 Postoperative plasma IL-6 and cortisol levels were lower in dexmedetomidine(3 mug and 5 mug) co-administration groups. Dexmedetomidine 60-75 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 21-25 28700004-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine protects against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury by inhibiting the P38-MAPK/TXNIP signaling activation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 89-97 28700004-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine protects against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury by inhibiting the P38-MAPK/TXNIP signaling activation in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 thioredoxin interacting protein Rattus norvegicus 98-103 28441717-12 2017 Western blot analysis showed that the expression of nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 was significantly decreased in DEX group compared with Sham group, whereas these effects of DEX on nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 were blocked by both yohimbine and idazoxan, indicating that the analgesic effect of DEX is mediated by both alpha2 adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor. Dexmedetomidine 107-110 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 58-66 28441717-12 2017 Western blot analysis showed that the expression of nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 was significantly decreased in DEX group compared with Sham group, whereas these effects of DEX on nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 were blocked by both yohimbine and idazoxan, indicating that the analgesic effect of DEX is mediated by both alpha2 adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor. Dexmedetomidine 107-110 F2R like trypsin receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 71-75 28441717-12 2017 Western blot analysis showed that the expression of nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 was significantly decreased in DEX group compared with Sham group, whereas these effects of DEX on nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 were blocked by both yohimbine and idazoxan, indicating that the analgesic effect of DEX is mediated by both alpha2 adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor. Dexmedetomidine 107-110 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 181-189 28441717-12 2017 Western blot analysis showed that the expression of nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 was significantly decreased in DEX group compared with Sham group, whereas these effects of DEX on nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 were blocked by both yohimbine and idazoxan, indicating that the analgesic effect of DEX is mediated by both alpha2 adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor. Dexmedetomidine 107-110 F2R like trypsin receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 194-198 28441717-12 2017 Western blot analysis showed that the expression of nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 was significantly decreased in DEX group compared with Sham group, whereas these effects of DEX on nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 were blocked by both yohimbine and idazoxan, indicating that the analgesic effect of DEX is mediated by both alpha2 adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor. Dexmedetomidine 168-171 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 52-56 28441717-12 2017 Western blot analysis showed that the expression of nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 was significantly decreased in DEX group compared with Sham group, whereas these effects of DEX on nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 were blocked by both yohimbine and idazoxan, indicating that the analgesic effect of DEX is mediated by both alpha2 adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor. Dexmedetomidine 168-171 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 175-179 28441717-12 2017 Western blot analysis showed that the expression of nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 was significantly decreased in DEX group compared with Sham group, whereas these effects of DEX on nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 were blocked by both yohimbine and idazoxan, indicating that the analgesic effect of DEX is mediated by both alpha2 adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor. Dexmedetomidine 168-171 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 181-189 28441717-12 2017 Western blot analysis showed that the expression of nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 was significantly decreased in DEX group compared with Sham group, whereas these effects of DEX on nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 were blocked by both yohimbine and idazoxan, indicating that the analgesic effect of DEX is mediated by both alpha2 adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor. Dexmedetomidine 168-171 F2R like trypsin receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 194-198 28441717-12 2017 Western blot analysis showed that the expression of nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 was significantly decreased in DEX group compared with Sham group, whereas these effects of DEX on nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 were blocked by both yohimbine and idazoxan, indicating that the analgesic effect of DEX is mediated by both alpha2 adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor. Dexmedetomidine 168-171 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 52-56 28441717-12 2017 Western blot analysis showed that the expression of nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 was significantly decreased in DEX group compared with Sham group, whereas these effects of DEX on nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 were blocked by both yohimbine and idazoxan, indicating that the analgesic effect of DEX is mediated by both alpha2 adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor. Dexmedetomidine 168-171 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 175-179 28441717-12 2017 Western blot analysis showed that the expression of nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 was significantly decreased in DEX group compared with Sham group, whereas these effects of DEX on nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 were blocked by both yohimbine and idazoxan, indicating that the analgesic effect of DEX is mediated by both alpha2 adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor. Dexmedetomidine 168-171 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 181-189 28441717-12 2017 Western blot analysis showed that the expression of nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 was significantly decreased in DEX group compared with Sham group, whereas these effects of DEX on nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 were blocked by both yohimbine and idazoxan, indicating that the analgesic effect of DEX is mediated by both alpha2 adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor. Dexmedetomidine 168-171 F2R like trypsin receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 194-198 28441717-14 2017 In conclusion, our study demonstrated that DEX could inhibit formaldehyde-induced pain by inhibiting nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 expression through alpha2 adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 101-105 28441717-14 2017 In conclusion, our study demonstrated that DEX could inhibit formaldehyde-induced pain by inhibiting nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 expression through alpha2 adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 107-115 28441717-14 2017 In conclusion, our study demonstrated that DEX could inhibit formaldehyde-induced pain by inhibiting nNOS, PKCgamma and PAR2 expression through alpha2 adrenergic receptor and imidazoline receptor. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 F2R like trypsin receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 120-124 28479215-0 2017 Local injection to sciatic nerve of dexmedetomidine reduces pain behaviors, SGCs activation, NGF expression and sympathetic sprouting in CCI rats. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 93-96 28479215-6 2017 Western blotting revealed that DEX inhibited the over-expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) significantly. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 68-87 28479215-6 2017 Western blotting revealed that DEX inhibited the over-expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) significantly. Dexmedetomidine 31-34 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 89-92 28479215-8 2017 Our study suggests that DEX attenuates neuropathic pain in CCI rats by down-regulation of satellite glial cells (SGCs) activation, NGF expression and sympathetic sprouting. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 131-134 28302567-5 2017 In both T47D and MCF-7 cell lines, the incubation with the alpha2-adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine significantly increased Prl release into the culture medium (measured by the Nb2 bioassay), this effect being reversed by the alpha2-adrenergic antagonist rauwolscine. Dexmedetomidine 85-100 prolactin Homo sapiens 125-128 28302567-7 2017 In IBH-6 cells a decrease in Prl secretion was observed at the lower dexmedetomidine concentration. Dexmedetomidine 69-84 prolactin Homo sapiens 29-32 28302567-11 2017 We therefore describe the STAT5 phosphorylation by an alpha2-adrenergic agonist, dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 81-96 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A Homo sapiens 26-31 28411582-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine attenuates propofol-induce neuroapoptosis partly via the activation of the PI3k/Akt/GSK3beta pathway in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 96-99 28411582-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine attenuates propofol-induce neuroapoptosis partly via the activation of the PI3k/Akt/GSK3beta pathway in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 100-108 28411582-4 2017 We investigated whether dexmedetomidine can attenuate propofol-induced neuroapoptosis by disturbing the PI3K/Akt/GSK3beta pathway during brain development. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 109-112 28411582-4 2017 We investigated whether dexmedetomidine can attenuate propofol-induced neuroapoptosis by disturbing the PI3K/Akt/GSK3beta pathway during brain development. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 113-121 28411582-11 2017 Our results indicate that dexmedetomidine prevents propofol-induced neuroapoptosis by increasing the levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-GSK3beta. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 119-122 28411582-11 2017 Our results indicate that dexmedetomidine prevents propofol-induced neuroapoptosis by increasing the levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-GSK3beta. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 135-143 28392361-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine confers neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by inhibiting inflammation through inactivation of the TLR-4/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 165-170 28700004-12 2017 Conclusion: : The renoprotective effects of DEX-pretreatment which attenuates I/R-induced AKI were partly through inhibition of P38-MAPK activation and expression of TXINP in diabetic kidney. Dexmedetomidine 44-47 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 128-136 28392361-8 2017 Our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory action of DXM via inactivation of the TLR-4/NF-kappaB pathway, in part, may explain DXM-induced neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia. Dexmedetomidine 58-61 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 86-91 28392361-8 2017 Our findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory action of DXM via inactivation of the TLR-4/NF-kappaB pathway, in part, may explain DXM-induced neuroprotection after cerebral ischemia. Dexmedetomidine 132-135 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 86-91 28224201-10 2017 Mice treated with DEX exhibited less apoptotic tubular cells in response to cisplatin insult, which was associated with decreased Bax and reduced activation of p53 and caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 130-133 29926585-9 2017 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine can alleviate ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat lung through lowering the level of proinflammatory mediators IL-1beta and TNF-alpha,the possible mechanism may be through stimulation of alpha2 adrenaline receptors. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 139-147 29926585-9 2017 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine can alleviate ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat lung through lowering the level of proinflammatory mediators IL-1beta and TNF-alpha,the possible mechanism may be through stimulation of alpha2 adrenaline receptors. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 152-161 27334975-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine increases acetylation level of histone through ERK1/2 pathway in dopamine neuron. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 63-69 27334975-2 2017 This study evaluated neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine on dopamine neurons correlated to histone acetylation via extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathway. Dexmedetomidine 48-63 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 177-183 27334975-6 2017 Dexmedetomidine administration increased expression of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and histones H3 acetylation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 55-61 27334975-9 2017 Our results define dexmedetomidine as a modulator of histones H3 acetylation via ERK1/2 signaling pathway in dopamine neuron from striatum, which may provide clues for the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 19-34 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 81-87 27334975-9 2017 Our results define dexmedetomidine as a modulator of histones H3 acetylation via ERK1/2 signaling pathway in dopamine neuron from striatum, which may provide clues for the mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 224-239 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 81-87 28247333-5 2017 Our results indicate that treatment with 6-OHDA promotes microglial polarization toward the M1 state in BV2 microglia cells by increasing the release of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, or tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which can be prevented by pretreatment with DEX. Dexmedetomidine 259-262 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 186-213 28247333-6 2017 In addition, we found that 6-OHDA blocked IL-4-mediated microglial M2 polarization by suppressing expression of the microglial M2 markers arginase-1 (Arg-1), resistin-like alpha (Retnla/Fizz1), and chitinase 3-like 3 (Chi3l3/Ym1), which could be ameliorated by pretreatment with DEX. Dexmedetomidine 279-282 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 42-46 28247333-7 2017 Notably, the inhibitory effects of 6-OHDA on IL-4-mediated induction of the anti-inflammatory marker genes IL-10, IL-13, and transforming growth factor-beta2 could be significantly alleviated by pretreatment with DEX in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Dexmedetomidine 213-216 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 45-49 28247333-7 2017 Notably, the inhibitory effects of 6-OHDA on IL-4-mediated induction of the anti-inflammatory marker genes IL-10, IL-13, and transforming growth factor-beta2 could be significantly alleviated by pretreatment with DEX in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Dexmedetomidine 213-216 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 107-112 28247333-7 2017 Notably, the inhibitory effects of 6-OHDA on IL-4-mediated induction of the anti-inflammatory marker genes IL-10, IL-13, and transforming growth factor-beta2 could be significantly alleviated by pretreatment with DEX in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Dexmedetomidine 213-216 interleukin 13 Mus musculus 114-157 28177562-0 2017 Imidazoline 1 receptor activation preserves respiratory drive in spontaneously breathing newborn rats during dexmedetomidine administration. Dexmedetomidine 109-124 nischarin Rattus norvegicus 0-22 28177562-1 2017 BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine is an alpha-2 (alpha2 ) adrenoceptor and imidazoline 1 (I1 ) receptor agonist that provides sedation without loss of respiratory drive. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 nischarin Rattus norvegicus 69-97 28177562-10 2017 CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that in newborn rats undergoing dexmedetomidine sedation, the alpha2 -adrenoceptor, but not I1 receptor, is involved in the regulation of HR and respiratory frequency, and that activation of the I1 receptor plays a major role in the maintenance of respiratory drive. Dexmedetomidine 65-80 nischarin Rattus norvegicus 228-230 28579906-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine attenuates neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury by suppressing NR2B, NF-kappaB, and iNOS activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 90-94 28579906-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine attenuates neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury by suppressing NR2B, NF-kappaB, and iNOS activation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 111-115 28579906-11 2017 DEX may alleviate neuropathic hypersensitivity and inflammation partially by inhibiting NR2B, NF-kappaB, and iNOS expression in the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain resulting from CCI of the sciatic nerve. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 88-92 28579906-11 2017 DEX may alleviate neuropathic hypersensitivity and inflammation partially by inhibiting NR2B, NF-kappaB, and iNOS expression in the spinal cord of rats with neuropathic pain resulting from CCI of the sciatic nerve. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 109-113 28663612-7 2017 Group D patients received dexmedetomidine infusion during surgery at the rate of 0.4 mug/kg/h and 2 mug/kg of fentanyl i.v. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2 Homo sapiens 92-99 29926585-0 2017 [Effects of Dexmedetomidine on the levels of proinflammatory mediators IL-1betaand TNF-alpha in pulmonary ischemia/reperfusion injury rats and the mechanisms]. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 83-92 29926585-1 2017 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects and mechanism of the Dexmedetomidine on the levels of proinflammatory mediators interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) in ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)rats. Dexmedetomidine 56-71 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 115-133 29926585-1 2017 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects and mechanism of the Dexmedetomidine on the levels of proinflammatory mediators interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) in ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)rats. Dexmedetomidine 56-71 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 135-143 29926585-1 2017 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects and mechanism of the Dexmedetomidine on the levels of proinflammatory mediators interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) in ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)rats. Dexmedetomidine 56-71 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 149-176 29926585-1 2017 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects and mechanism of the Dexmedetomidine on the levels of proinflammatory mediators interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-alpha) in ischemia/reperfusion(I/R)rats. Dexmedetomidine 56-71 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 177-186 28007581-10 2017 Decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduced glutathione (GSH) values in the brain and erythrocyte of the cerebral ischemia group were increased by the DEX treatments, although PARP, and the caspase 3 and 9 expressions in the brain were further decreased. Dexmedetomidine 161-164 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 200-209 28007581-11 2017 Conversely, the cerebral ischemia-induced decrease in the liver vitamin A, vitamin E, GSH, and GSH-Px were further decreased by the DEX treatments, although MDA level, PARP, and caspase 3 and 9 expressions were further increased by the DEX treatments. Dexmedetomidine 132-135 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 178-187 28375904-0 2017 The Cardioprotective Effect of Dexmedetomidine in Rats Is Dose-Dependent and Mediated by BKCa Channels. Dexmedetomidine 31-46 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 89-93 28375904-14 2017 In male rats, the Dex-induced protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury involves connexin-43 and activation of BKCa channels. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 86-97 28375904-14 2017 In male rats, the Dex-induced protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury involves connexin-43 and activation of BKCa channels. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 116-120 28173746-10 2017 Dex could significantly decrease brain inflammation and oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, MDA and ROS, and ameliorate neurodegenerative changes. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 101-110 28173746-10 2017 Dex could significantly decrease brain inflammation and oxidative stress by decreasing the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, MDA and ROS, and ameliorate neurodegenerative changes. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 112-120 28173746-11 2017 The associated results also demonstrated that Dex treatment ameliorated the LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis, probably by upregulating the Bcl-2 expression and downregulating the Bax expression. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 137-142 28173746-11 2017 The associated results also demonstrated that Dex treatment ameliorated the LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis, probably by upregulating the Bcl-2 expression and downregulating the Bax expression. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 177-180 28224201-10 2017 Mice treated with DEX exhibited less apoptotic tubular cells in response to cisplatin insult, which was associated with decreased Bax and reduced activation of p53 and caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 160-163 28224201-10 2017 Mice treated with DEX exhibited less apoptotic tubular cells in response to cisplatin insult, which was associated with decreased Bax and reduced activation of p53 and caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 18-21 caspase 3 Mus musculus 168-177 28224201-11 2017 DEX suppressed the infiltration of macrophages and T cells into the kidneys following cisplatin treatment, which was involved in the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and decreased expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 196-205 28224201-11 2017 DEX suppressed the infiltration of macrophages and T cells into the kidneys following cisplatin treatment, which was involved in the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and decreased expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 207-215 28224201-11 2017 DEX suppressed the infiltration of macrophages and T cells into the kidneys following cisplatin treatment, which was involved in the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and decreased expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 217-221 28224201-11 2017 DEX suppressed the infiltration of macrophages and T cells into the kidneys following cisplatin treatment, which was involved in the inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and decreased expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and MCP-1. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 227-232 28358856-10 2017 Meanwhile dexmedetomidine administration ameliorated muscle wasting, hypothalamic inflammation and modulated the alteration of neuropeptides, POMC, CART and AgRP, in endotoxemic rats. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 proopiomelanocortin Rattus norvegicus 142-146 28358856-10 2017 Meanwhile dexmedetomidine administration ameliorated muscle wasting, hypothalamic inflammation and modulated the alteration of neuropeptides, POMC, CART and AgRP, in endotoxemic rats. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 CART prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 148-152 28358856-10 2017 Meanwhile dexmedetomidine administration ameliorated muscle wasting, hypothalamic inflammation and modulated the alteration of neuropeptides, POMC, CART and AgRP, in endotoxemic rats. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 agouti related neuropeptide Rattus norvegicus 157-161 27998004-6 2017 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning significantly improved cardiac function (P<.05), downregulated the expression of HMGB1-TLR4-NF-kappaB, reduced levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in isolated ventricles during I-R injury, and significantly reduced CK and LDH levels in coronary outflow (P<.05). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 156-165 27654664-12 2017 RESULTS: We show dose-dependent inhibition of [125 I]MIBG uptake by dexmedetomidine, but at several logs lower potency than the known NET inhibitor desipramine. Dexmedetomidine 68-83 solute carrier family 6 member 2 Homo sapiens 134-137 28331287-16 2017 CONCLUSION: The NGAL levels and histopathological findings reflected protection by dex against renal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 83-86 lipocalin 2 Rattus norvegicus 16-20 27998004-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning for myocardial protection in ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats by downregulation of the high mobility group box 1-toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor kappaB signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 123-148 27998004-3 2017 We evaluated whether dexmedetomidine preconditioning could induce a myocardio-protective effect against I-R injury by inhibiting associated inflammatory processes through downregulation of the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 193-218 27998004-3 2017 We evaluated whether dexmedetomidine preconditioning could induce a myocardio-protective effect against I-R injury by inhibiting associated inflammatory processes through downregulation of the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 220-247 27998004-3 2017 We evaluated whether dexmedetomidine preconditioning could induce a myocardio-protective effect against I-R injury by inhibiting associated inflammatory processes through downregulation of the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)-toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) signalling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 249-253 27998004-6 2017 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning significantly improved cardiac function (P<.05), downregulated the expression of HMGB1-TLR4-NF-kappaB, reduced levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in isolated ventricles during I-R injury, and significantly reduced CK and LDH levels in coronary outflow (P<.05). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 116-121 27998004-6 2017 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning significantly improved cardiac function (P<.05), downregulated the expression of HMGB1-TLR4-NF-kappaB, reduced levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in isolated ventricles during I-R injury, and significantly reduced CK and LDH levels in coronary outflow (P<.05). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 122-126 27998004-6 2017 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning significantly improved cardiac function (P<.05), downregulated the expression of HMGB1-TLR4-NF-kappaB, reduced levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in isolated ventricles during I-R injury, and significantly reduced CK and LDH levels in coronary outflow (P<.05). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 170-174 27998004-8 2017 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning alleviated myocardial I-R injury in rats through inhibition of inflammatory processes associated with downregulation of the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-kappaB signalling pathway via activation at alpha2 -adrenergic receptors. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 156-161 27998004-8 2017 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning alleviated myocardial I-R injury in rats through inhibition of inflammatory processes associated with downregulation of the HMGB1-TLR4-NF-kappaB signalling pathway via activation at alpha2 -adrenergic receptors. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 162-166 27872485-1 2016 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) may act as an antioxidant through regulation of TRPM2 and TRPV1 channel activations in the neurons by reducing cerebral ischemia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 70-75 28298895-5 2017 To investigate fluid secretion upon treatment with Dex, we studied the effects of Dex on the activity of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter1 (NKCC1) and Cl-/[Formula: see text] exchange (CBE), and on downstream pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in isolated primary mouse SMG cells. Dexmedetomidine 82-85 solute carrier family 12, member 2 Mus musculus 105-131 28298895-5 2017 To investigate fluid secretion upon treatment with Dex, we studied the effects of Dex on the activity of Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter1 (NKCC1) and Cl-/[Formula: see text] exchange (CBE), and on downstream pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in isolated primary mouse SMG cells. Dexmedetomidine 82-85 solute carrier family 12, member 2 Mus musculus 133-138 28298895-6 2017 Dex acutely increased CBE activity and NKCC1-mediated and independent [Formula: see text] entry in SMG duct cells, and enhanced ductal fluid secretion in a sealed duct system. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 solute carrier family 12, member 2 Mus musculus 39-44 28298895-10 2017 Moreover, when isolated SMG cells were stimulated with Dex for 2 h, phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) expression was enhanced. Dexmedetomidine 55-58 phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP specific Mus musculus 68-88 28298895-10 2017 Moreover, when isolated SMG cells were stimulated with Dex for 2 h, phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) expression was enhanced. Dexmedetomidine 55-58 phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP specific Mus musculus 90-95 28298895-12 2017 Further, Dex also inhibited mRNA expression of interleukin-6 and NADPH oxidase 4. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 47-60 28298895-12 2017 Further, Dex also inhibited mRNA expression of interleukin-6 and NADPH oxidase 4. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 65-80 28298895-13 2017 The present study also showed that alpha2-adrenoceptor activation by Dex reduces salivary glands fluid secretion by increasing PDE4D expression, and subsequently reducing the concentration of cAMP. Dexmedetomidine 69-72 phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP specific Mus musculus 127-132 28296782-11 2017 Total cumulative dose of dexmedetomidine was more in DR2 and DR3 groups (P = 0.000), while the amount of remifentanil was more in DR1 and DR2 groups (P = 0.000). Dexmedetomidine 25-40 TNF receptor superfamily member 25 Homo sapiens 61-64 28259429-9 2017 The highest concentrations of xylazine (25 mg mL-1) and dexmedetomidine (0.25 mg mL-1) caused loss of membrane integrity. Dexmedetomidine 56-71 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 81-85 28222157-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning may attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by down-regulating the HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 108-113 28222157-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning may attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by down-regulating the HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 114-118 28222157-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning may attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by down-regulating the HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 119-124 28222157-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning may attenuate myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by down-regulating the HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 125-130 28222157-1 2017 AIMS: To investigate whether dexmedetomidine (DEX) preconditioning could alleviate the inflammation caused by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by reducing HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling. Dexmedetomidine 29-44 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 167-172 28222157-1 2017 AIMS: To investigate whether dexmedetomidine (DEX) preconditioning could alleviate the inflammation caused by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by reducing HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling. Dexmedetomidine 29-44 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 173-177 28222157-1 2017 AIMS: To investigate whether dexmedetomidine (DEX) preconditioning could alleviate the inflammation caused by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by reducing HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling. Dexmedetomidine 29-44 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 178-183 28222157-1 2017 AIMS: To investigate whether dexmedetomidine (DEX) preconditioning could alleviate the inflammation caused by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by reducing HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling. Dexmedetomidine 29-44 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 184-189 28222157-1 2017 AIMS: To investigate whether dexmedetomidine (DEX) preconditioning could alleviate the inflammation caused by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by reducing HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 167-172 28222157-1 2017 AIMS: To investigate whether dexmedetomidine (DEX) preconditioning could alleviate the inflammation caused by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by reducing HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 173-177 28222157-1 2017 AIMS: To investigate whether dexmedetomidine (DEX) preconditioning could alleviate the inflammation caused by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by reducing HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 178-183 28222157-1 2017 AIMS: To investigate whether dexmedetomidine (DEX) preconditioning could alleviate the inflammation caused by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by reducing HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 184-189 28222157-8 2017 Similarly, the serum and myocardial levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-kappaB, and the degradation of IkappaB were significantly reduced in the DEX group (P<0.01 vs. I/R group). Dexmedetomidine 183-186 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 46-50 28222157-8 2017 Similarly, the serum and myocardial levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-kappaB, and the degradation of IkappaB were significantly reduced in the DEX group (P<0.01 vs. I/R group). Dexmedetomidine 183-186 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 55-64 28222157-8 2017 Similarly, the serum and myocardial levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-kappaB, and the degradation of IkappaB were significantly reduced in the DEX group (P<0.01 vs. I/R group). Dexmedetomidine 183-186 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 84-89 28222157-8 2017 Similarly, the serum and myocardial levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-kappaB, and the degradation of IkappaB were significantly reduced in the DEX group (P<0.01 vs. I/R group). Dexmedetomidine 183-186 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 91-95 28222157-8 2017 Similarly, the serum and myocardial levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha, the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-kappaB, and the degradation of IkappaB were significantly reduced in the DEX group (P<0.01 vs. I/R group). Dexmedetomidine 183-186 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 97-102 28222157-10 2017 CONCLUSION: DEX preconditioning reduces myocardial I/R injury in part by attenuating inflammation, which may be attributed to the downregulation of the HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling pathway mediated by the alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 152-157 28222157-10 2017 CONCLUSION: DEX preconditioning reduces myocardial I/R injury in part by attenuating inflammation, which may be attributed to the downregulation of the HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling pathway mediated by the alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 158-162 28222157-10 2017 CONCLUSION: DEX preconditioning reduces myocardial I/R injury in part by attenuating inflammation, which may be attributed to the downregulation of the HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling pathway mediated by the alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 163-168 28222157-10 2017 CONCLUSION: DEX preconditioning reduces myocardial I/R injury in part by attenuating inflammation, which may be attributed to the downregulation of the HMGB1-TLR4-MyD88-NF-kB signaling pathway mediated by the alpha2-adrenergic receptor activation. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 169-174 28212354-3 2017 This study observed the effect of Dex on serum S100B and cerebral intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 S100 calcium binding protein B Rattus norvegicus 47-52 28212354-3 2017 This study observed the effect of Dex on serum S100B and cerebral intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-99 28212354-3 2017 This study observed the effect of Dex on serum S100B and cerebral intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in a rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 101-107 28212354-12 2017 Dex treatment improved pathological injury, decreased NDS, S100B, and MDA levels, decreased expression of mRNA of NF-kappaB and ICAM-1, and increased SOD levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 S100 calcium binding protein B Rattus norvegicus 59-64 28212354-12 2017 Dex treatment improved pathological injury, decreased NDS, S100B, and MDA levels, decreased expression of mRNA of NF-kappaB and ICAM-1, and increased SOD levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 128-134 28212354-13 2017 CONCLUSIONS Dex alleviated ischemia-reperfusion damage to rat brains, and inhibited NF-kappaB and ICAM-1 expression in brain tissues, possibly via inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Dexmedetomidine 12-15 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 98-104 28182698-3 2017 In the current study, it was demonstrated that dexmedetomidine could prevent remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia (RIH) via regulating spinal NMDAR-PKC-Ca2+/ CaMKII pathway in vivo and in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 145-148 28182698-9 2017 Subcutaneously injection of dexmedetomidine at the dose of 50 mug/kg at 30 min before plantar incision significantly attenuated remifentanil-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia from 2 h to 48 h after infusion, and this was associated with reversal of up-regulated NR1 and NR2B subunits in both membrane fraction and total lysate as well as increased PKC and CaMKII expression in spinal cord dorsal horn. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 272-275 28182698-9 2017 Subcutaneously injection of dexmedetomidine at the dose of 50 mug/kg at 30 min before plantar incision significantly attenuated remifentanil-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia from 2 h to 48 h after infusion, and this was associated with reversal of up-regulated NR1 and NR2B subunits in both membrane fraction and total lysate as well as increased PKC and CaMKII expression in spinal cord dorsal horn. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 280-284 28182698-9 2017 Subcutaneously injection of dexmedetomidine at the dose of 50 mug/kg at 30 min before plantar incision significantly attenuated remifentanil-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia from 2 h to 48 h after infusion, and this was associated with reversal of up-regulated NR1 and NR2B subunits in both membrane fraction and total lysate as well as increased PKC and CaMKII expression in spinal cord dorsal horn. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 358-361 28182698-11 2017 These results suggest that dexmedetomidine can significantly ameliorate RIH via modulating the expression, membrane trafficking and function of NMDA receptors as well as PKC and CaMKII level in spinal dorsal horn, which present useful insights into the mechanistic action of dexmedetomidine as a potential anti-hyperalgesic agents for treating RIH. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 170-173 28260990-7 2017 The effect of rauwolscine on the dexmedetomidine-mediated change in phenylephrine-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells was examined using western blotting. Dexmedetomidine 33-48 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 90-123 28000867-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine may upregulate the expression of caveolin-1 in lung tissues of rats with sepsis and improve the short-term outcome. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caveolin 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-59 28000867-3 2017 The present study hypothesized that DXM may influence these pathways by regulating the expression of caveolin-1 and mediating the subsequent effects. Dexmedetomidine 36-39 caveolin 1 Rattus norvegicus 101-111 28000867-4 2017 Using a cecal-ligation and puncture-induced rat sepsis model, it was initially observed that pre-emptive DXM is able to upregulate and stabilize the amount of caveolin-1 expression, which may be partly antagonized by both alpha2-AR and the IR antagonist atepamezole (APZ). Dexmedetomidine 105-108 caveolin 1 Rattus norvegicus 159-169 28000867-7 2017 In conclusion, preemptive clinical sedative doses of DXM may upregulate the expression of caveolin-1 downregulated by sepsis, which may contribute to the inhibition of inflammatory pathways such as TLR4-mediated pathways. Dexmedetomidine 53-56 caveolin 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-100 28000867-7 2017 In conclusion, preemptive clinical sedative doses of DXM may upregulate the expression of caveolin-1 downregulated by sepsis, which may contribute to the inhibition of inflammatory pathways such as TLR4-mediated pathways. Dexmedetomidine 53-56 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 198-202 27131956-9 2017 In addition, the edema in endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus was decreased in Group RD1 and Group RD5 compared with Group S and Group R. CONCLUSION: Peripheral administration of dexmedetomidine improves mechanical and heat hyperalgesia and mitigates postoperative pain. Dexmedetomidine 185-200 defensin alpha 24 Rattus norvegicus 105-108 29359143-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine Protects Cardiomyocytes against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury by Suppressing TLR4-MyD88-NF-kappaB Signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 29359143-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine Protects Cardiomyocytes against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury by Suppressing TLR4-MyD88-NF-kappaB Signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 97-102 29359143-2 2017 Here, we evaluated the role of toll-like receptors 4- (TLR4-) myeloid differentiation primary response 88- (MyD88-) nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) signaling in DEX-mediated protection of cardiomyocytes using in vitro models of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Dexmedetomidine 164-167 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 55-59 29359143-2 2017 Here, we evaluated the role of toll-like receptors 4- (TLR4-) myeloid differentiation primary response 88- (MyD88-) nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) signaling in DEX-mediated protection of cardiomyocytes using in vitro models of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). Dexmedetomidine 164-167 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 108-113 29359143-4 2017 Cells pretreated with vehicle or DEX were exposed to hypoxia for 1 h followed by reoxygenation for 12 h. We analyzed cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and measured tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1beta mRNA levels, TLR4, MyD88, and nuclear NF-kappaB p65 protein expression and NF-kappaB p65 nuclear localization. Dexmedetomidine 33-36 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 186-213 29359143-6 2017 Results: DEX protected against H/R-induced cell damage and inflammation, as evidenced by increased cell survival rates, decreased LDH activity, and decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta mRNA levels, as well as TLR4 and NF-kappaB protein expression. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 158-167 29359143-6 2017 Results: DEX protected against H/R-induced cell damage and inflammation, as evidenced by increased cell survival rates, decreased LDH activity, and decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta mRNA levels, as well as TLR4 and NF-kappaB protein expression. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 169-173 29359143-6 2017 Results: DEX protected against H/R-induced cell damage and inflammation, as evidenced by increased cell survival rates, decreased LDH activity, and decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta mRNA levels, as well as TLR4 and NF-kappaB protein expression. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 179-187 29359143-6 2017 Results: DEX protected against H/R-induced cell damage and inflammation, as evidenced by increased cell survival rates, decreased LDH activity, and decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta mRNA levels, as well as TLR4 and NF-kappaB protein expression. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 212-216 29359143-7 2017 TLR4 knock-down partially prevented cell damage following H/R injury, while overexpression of TLR4 abolished the DEX-mediated protective effects. Dexmedetomidine 113-116 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 94-98 28286770-0 2017 Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide Induced MCP-1 Expression in Primary Astrocyte. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 54-59 28286770-4 2017 This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of DEX on the production of MCP-1 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated astrocytes. Dexmedetomidine 57-60 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 82-87 28286770-10 2017 Administration of DEX significantly inhibited the expression of MCP-1 mRNA (P < 0.001). Dexmedetomidine 18-21 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 64-69 28286770-13 2017 DEX is a potent suppressor of MCP-1 in astrocytes induced with lipopolysaccharide through alpha2A-adrenergic receptors, which potentially explains its beneficial effects in the treatment of delirium by attenuating neuroinflammation. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 30-35 27738803-9 2017 In ex vivo experiments, early DMED treatment prevented the development of SI-induced excessive microglial hyperactivation, which was blocked by the nonspecific alpha2-adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonist atipamezole or the specific alpha2A-AR antagonist BRL-44408, but not by the specific alpha2B/C-AR antagonist ARC-239. Dexmedetomidine 30-34 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 231-241 27738803-11 2017 CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight that treatment with DMED during, but not after, peripheral SI can prevent subsequent hippocampal neuroinflammation, overexpression of TLR-4 in microglia, and cognitive dysfunction, as mediated by the alpha2A-AR signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 55-59 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 169-174 27738803-11 2017 CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight that treatment with DMED during, but not after, peripheral SI can prevent subsequent hippocampal neuroinflammation, overexpression of TLR-4 in microglia, and cognitive dysfunction, as mediated by the alpha2A-AR signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 55-59 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 235-245 28873369-8 2017 In addition, the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was restrained by Dex both in lung tissue in vivo and RAW264.7 cells in vitro. Dexmedetomidine 68-71 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 31-36 27959438-6 2017 In addition, DEX treatment markedly prevented the LPS-induced mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway in vitro (increases of cell apoptotic rate, cytosolic cytochrome c, and caspase 3 activity) and in vivo (increases of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling positive cells, cleaved caspase 3, Bax upregulation and Bcl-2 downregulation). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 176-185 27959438-6 2017 In addition, DEX treatment markedly prevented the LPS-induced mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway in vitro (increases of cell apoptotic rate, cytosolic cytochrome c, and caspase 3 activity) and in vivo (increases of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling positive cells, cleaved caspase 3, Bax upregulation and Bcl-2 downregulation). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 DNA nucleotidylexotransferase Rattus norvegicus 223-260 27959438-6 2017 In addition, DEX treatment markedly prevented the LPS-induced mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway in vitro (increases of cell apoptotic rate, cytosolic cytochrome c, and caspase 3 activity) and in vivo (increases of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling positive cells, cleaved caspase 3, Bax upregulation and Bcl-2 downregulation). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 308-317 27959438-6 2017 In addition, DEX treatment markedly prevented the LPS-induced mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway in vitro (increases of cell apoptotic rate, cytosolic cytochrome c, and caspase 3 activity) and in vivo (increases of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling positive cells, cleaved caspase 3, Bax upregulation and Bcl-2 downregulation). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 319-322 27959438-6 2017 In addition, DEX treatment markedly prevented the LPS-induced mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway in vitro (increases of cell apoptotic rate, cytosolic cytochrome c, and caspase 3 activity) and in vivo (increases of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling positive cells, cleaved caspase 3, Bax upregulation and Bcl-2 downregulation). Dexmedetomidine 13-16 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 340-345 28003751-1 2016 The study aimed to explore the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on hippocampal neuron development process and on molecular expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 41-56 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 171-175 28003751-1 2016 The study aimed to explore the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on hippocampal neuron development process and on molecular expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 41-56 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 205-209 28003751-1 2016 The study aimed to explore the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on hippocampal neuron development process and on molecular expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling pathway in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 58-61 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 171-175 28003751-8 2016 Compared with the control group, the expression of BDNF was significantly upregulated (P<0.05) in the group treated with 100 mumol/L DEX. Dexmedetomidine 136-139 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 51-55 28003751-11 2016 The neuroprotective effect of DEX may be achieved by upregulating the expression of BDNF and phosphorylation level of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 84-88 28879318-8 2016 The Hoechst 33342 and Annexin-V FITC/PI staining revealed that dexmedetomidine effectively decreased H2O2-induced hFOB cell apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 63-78 annexin A5 Homo sapiens 22-31 27872485-1 2016 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) may act as an antioxidant through regulation of TRPM2 and TRPV1 channel activations in the neurons by reducing cerebral ischemia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-85 27872485-1 2016 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) may act as an antioxidant through regulation of TRPM2 and TRPV1 channel activations in the neurons by reducing cerebral ischemia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 70-75 27872485-1 2016 Dexmedetomidine (DEX) may act as an antioxidant through regulation of TRPM2 and TRPV1 channel activations in the neurons by reducing cerebral ischemia-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Dexmedetomidine 17-20 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-85 27872485-7 2016 DEX effectively reversed capsaicin and cumene hydroperoxide/ADP-ribose-induced TRPV1 and TRPM2 densities and cytosolic calcium ion accumulation in the neurons, respectively. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 79-84 27872485-7 2016 DEX effectively reversed capsaicin and cumene hydroperoxide/ADP-ribose-induced TRPV1 and TRPM2 densities and cytosolic calcium ion accumulation in the neurons, respectively. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 89-94 27872485-9 2016 The DEX and ISC+DEX treatments also decreased the expression levels of caspase 3, caspase 9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in the hippocampus and DRG. Dexmedetomidine 4-7 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 71-80 27872485-9 2016 The DEX and ISC+DEX treatments also decreased the expression levels of caspase 3, caspase 9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in the hippocampus and DRG. Dexmedetomidine 4-7 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 82-91 27872485-9 2016 The DEX and ISC+DEX treatments also decreased the expression levels of caspase 3, caspase 9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in the hippocampus and DRG. Dexmedetomidine 16-19 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 71-80 27872485-9 2016 The DEX and ISC+DEX treatments also decreased the expression levels of caspase 3, caspase 9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase in the hippocampus and DRG. Dexmedetomidine 16-19 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 82-91 27872485-10 2016 In conclusion, the current results are the first to demonstrate the molecular level effects of DEX on TRPM2 and TRPV1 activation. Dexmedetomidine 95-98 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 102-107 27872485-10 2016 In conclusion, the current results are the first to demonstrate the molecular level effects of DEX on TRPM2 and TRPV1 activation. Dexmedetomidine 95-98 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 112-117 27571870-9 2016 Dexmedetomidine treatment (0.001-100 microM) of the neurons prior to propofol exposure attenuated the propofol-induced neuronal apoptosis and increased expression levels of BDNF, Bcl-2 and p-CREB compared with the propofol only group. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 173-177 28033272-2 2016 We examined whether intraoperative dexmedetomidine would reduce the incidence of postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome (CHS) after superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis in patients with moyamoya disease.The electronic medical records of 117 moyamoya patients who underwent STA-MCA anastomosis were reviewed retrospectively. Dexmedetomidine 35-50 GCY Homo sapiens 192-195 27882094-12 2016 The serum concentration of NSE and S100beta in the two groups showed no difference (P>0.05) at the end of operation (T5), but after 24 h of operation (T7) NSE and S100beta in the dexmedetomidine group were significantly lower compared to the midazolam group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 182-197 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 27-30 27882094-12 2016 The serum concentration of NSE and S100beta in the two groups showed no difference (P>0.05) at the end of operation (T5), but after 24 h of operation (T7) NSE and S100beta in the dexmedetomidine group were significantly lower compared to the midazolam group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 182-197 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 35-43 27882094-12 2016 The serum concentration of NSE and S100beta in the two groups showed no difference (P>0.05) at the end of operation (T5), but after 24 h of operation (T7) NSE and S100beta in the dexmedetomidine group were significantly lower compared to the midazolam group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 182-197 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 158-161 27882094-12 2016 The serum concentration of NSE and S100beta in the two groups showed no difference (P>0.05) at the end of operation (T5), but after 24 h of operation (T7) NSE and S100beta in the dexmedetomidine group were significantly lower compared to the midazolam group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 182-197 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 166-174 27768775-0 2016 Dexmedetomidine Acts via the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway to Attenuate Isoflurane-Induced Neurocognitive Deficits in Senile Mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Janus kinase 2 Mus musculus 29-33 27768775-0 2016 Dexmedetomidine Acts via the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway to Attenuate Isoflurane-Induced Neurocognitive Deficits in Senile Mice. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Mus musculus 34-39 27768775-14 2016 Increased phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in the hippocampus induced by isoflurane was augmented by dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 102-117 Janus kinase 2 Mus musculus 29-33 27768775-14 2016 Increased phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in the hippocampus induced by isoflurane was augmented by dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 102-117 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Mus musculus 38-43 27768775-15 2016 Effects of dexmedetomidine on JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation were attenuated by atipamezole, AG490 and WP1066. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 Janus kinase 2 Mus musculus 30-34 27768775-15 2016 Effects of dexmedetomidine on JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation were attenuated by atipamezole, AG490 and WP1066. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Mus musculus 35-40 27768775-18 2016 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine could protect against isoflurane-induced spatial learning and memory impairment in senile mice by stimulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 Janus kinase 2 Mus musculus 142-146 27768775-18 2016 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine could protect against isoflurane-induced spatial learning and memory impairment in senile mice by stimulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Mus musculus 147-152 26683659-0 2016 Neuroprotective Effects of Dexmedetomidine Against Hypoxia-Induced Nervous System Injury are Related to Inhibition of NF-kappaB/COX-2 Pathways. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 118-127 26683659-0 2016 Neuroprotective Effects of Dexmedetomidine Against Hypoxia-Induced Nervous System Injury are Related to Inhibition of NF-kappaB/COX-2 Pathways. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Mus musculus 128-133 26683659-3 2016 We examined whether dexmedetomidine"s neuroprotective effects were mediated by the NF-kappaB/COX-2 pathways. Dexmedetomidine 20-35 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 83-92 26683659-3 2016 We examined whether dexmedetomidine"s neuroprotective effects were mediated by the NF-kappaB/COX-2 pathways. Dexmedetomidine 20-35 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Mus musculus 93-98 26683659-8 2016 Dexmedetomidine pretreatment effectively improved histological outcome and restored levels of caspase-3, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, NF-kappaB, and COX-2. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 caspase 3 Mus musculus 94-103 26683659-8 2016 Dexmedetomidine pretreatment effectively improved histological outcome and restored levels of caspase-3, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, NF-kappaB, and COX-2. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 109-112 26683659-8 2016 Dexmedetomidine pretreatment effectively improved histological outcome and restored levels of caspase-3, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, NF-kappaB, and COX-2. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 113-118 26683659-8 2016 Dexmedetomidine pretreatment effectively improved histological outcome and restored levels of caspase-3, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, NF-kappaB, and COX-2. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 126-135 26683659-8 2016 Dexmedetomidine pretreatment effectively improved histological outcome and restored levels of caspase-3, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, NF-kappaB, and COX-2. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Mus musculus 141-146 26683659-12 2016 Inhibition of NF-kappaB/COX-2 pathways activation may contribute to the neuroprotection of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 91-106 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 14-23 26683659-12 2016 Inhibition of NF-kappaB/COX-2 pathways activation may contribute to the neuroprotection of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 91-106 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Mus musculus 24-29 27571870-9 2016 Dexmedetomidine treatment (0.001-100 microM) of the neurons prior to propofol exposure attenuated the propofol-induced neuronal apoptosis and increased expression levels of BDNF, Bcl-2 and p-CREB compared with the propofol only group. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 179-184 27571870-9 2016 Dexmedetomidine treatment (0.001-100 microM) of the neurons prior to propofol exposure attenuated the propofol-induced neuronal apoptosis and increased expression levels of BDNF, Bcl-2 and p-CREB compared with the propofol only group. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 191-195 27571870-11 2016 These in vitro data indicated that dexmedetomidine exerted direct neuroprotective effects to prevent cultured hippocampal neuronal injury caused by propofol, accompanied by an increase in the levels of p-CREB, Bcl-2 and BDNF. Dexmedetomidine 35-50 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 204-208 27571870-11 2016 These in vitro data indicated that dexmedetomidine exerted direct neuroprotective effects to prevent cultured hippocampal neuronal injury caused by propofol, accompanied by an increase in the levels of p-CREB, Bcl-2 and BDNF. Dexmedetomidine 35-50 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 210-215 27571870-11 2016 These in vitro data indicated that dexmedetomidine exerted direct neuroprotective effects to prevent cultured hippocampal neuronal injury caused by propofol, accompanied by an increase in the levels of p-CREB, Bcl-2 and BDNF. Dexmedetomidine 35-50 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 220-224 27706026-0 2016 Dexmedetomidine-Induced Contraction Involves CPI-17 Phosphorylation in Isolated Rat Aortas. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14A Rattus norvegicus 45-51 27706026-2 2016 The goal of this study was to investigate specific protein kinases and the associated cellular signal pathways responsible for the increased calcium sensitization induced by dexmedetomidine in isolated rat aortas, with a particular focus on phosphorylation-dependent inhibitory protein of myosin phosphatase (CPI-17). Dexmedetomidine 174-189 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14A Rattus norvegicus 309-315 27706026-4 2016 The effects of rauwolscine, Y-27632, chelerythrine, and ML-7 hydrochloride on the dexmedetomidine-induced phosphorylation of CPI-17 or of the 20-kDa regulatory light chain of myosin (MLC20) were investigated in rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells. Dexmedetomidine 82-97 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14A Rattus norvegicus 125-131 27706026-7 2016 Rauwolscine, Y-27632, chelerythrine, and ML-7 hydrochloride attenuated the dexmedetomidine-induced phosphorylation of CPI-17 and MLC20. Dexmedetomidine 75-90 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14A Rattus norvegicus 118-124 27706026-7 2016 Rauwolscine, Y-27632, chelerythrine, and ML-7 hydrochloride attenuated the dexmedetomidine-induced phosphorylation of CPI-17 and MLC20. Dexmedetomidine 75-90 myosin light chain 12B Rattus norvegicus 129-134 27706026-8 2016 Taken together, these results suggest that dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves calcium sensitization, which appears to be mediated by CPI-17 phosphorylation via Rho-kinase or PKC. Dexmedetomidine 43-58 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14A Rattus norvegicus 143-149 27455425-0 2016 Dexmedetomidine protects against learning and memory impairments caused by electroconvulsive shock in depressed rats: Involvement of the NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B)-ERK signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 137-161 27412350-0 2016 Dexmedetomidine protects against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-81 27412350-0 2016 Dexmedetomidine protects against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 82-92 27412350-1 2016 PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) signaling pathway in the protection by dexmedetomidine against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats. Dexmedetomidine 181-196 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit gamma Rattus norvegicus 37-66 27412350-1 2016 PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) signaling pathway in the protection by dexmedetomidine against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats. Dexmedetomidine 181-196 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 92-95 27412350-1 2016 PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) signaling pathway in the protection by dexmedetomidine against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats. Dexmedetomidine 181-196 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 97-128 27412350-1 2016 PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) signaling pathway in the protection by dexmedetomidine against lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats. Dexmedetomidine 181-196 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 130-140 27412350-8 2016 CONCLUSIONS: Administration of dexmedetomidine before ischemia can provide a protection against lung IRI by re-installing the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 31-46 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 131-134 27412350-8 2016 CONCLUSIONS: Administration of dexmedetomidine before ischemia can provide a protection against lung IRI by re-installing the PI3K/Akt/HIF-1alpha signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 31-46 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 135-145 27455425-0 2016 Dexmedetomidine protects against learning and memory impairments caused by electroconvulsive shock in depressed rats: Involvement of the NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B)-ERK signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 163-167 27455425-0 2016 Dexmedetomidine protects against learning and memory impairments caused by electroconvulsive shock in depressed rats: Involvement of the NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B)-ERK signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 169-172 27455425-7 2016 These results show that DEX suppresses over-activation of NR2B and enhances phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the hippocampus of ECT-treated depressed rats. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 58-62 27455425-7 2016 These results show that DEX suppresses over-activation of NR2B and enhances phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the hippocampus of ECT-treated depressed rats. Dexmedetomidine 24-27 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 95-101 27455425-9 2016 Overall, our findings suggest that DEX ameliorates ECT-induced learning and memory impairments in depressed rats via the NR2B-ERK signaling cascade. Dexmedetomidine 35-38 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Rattus norvegicus 121-125 27455425-9 2016 Overall, our findings suggest that DEX ameliorates ECT-induced learning and memory impairments in depressed rats via the NR2B-ERK signaling cascade. Dexmedetomidine 35-38 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 126-129 27103031-8 2016 CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided TAP block could be as an effective component of multimodal postoperative analgesic regimen; adding dexmedetomidine to ropivacaine in TAP block potentiated the analgesic properties of ropivacaine, reduced sufentanil consumption and provided better pain control after abdominal hysterectomy surgery. Dexmedetomidine 130-145 nuclear RNA export factor 1 Homo sapiens 164-167 27609575-0 2016 [Dexmedetomidine suppresses the expressions of TLR4, NF-kappaB and ICAM-1 mRNA in the lung of rabbits during one lung ventilation]. Dexmedetomidine 1-16 toll-like receptor 4 Oryctolagus cuniculus 47-51 27609575-0 2016 [Dexmedetomidine suppresses the expressions of TLR4, NF-kappaB and ICAM-1 mRNA in the lung of rabbits during one lung ventilation]. Dexmedetomidine 1-16 ICAM-1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 67-73 27111533-10 2016 Mucosal ratio of cleaved to full-length occludin and spleen bacterial counts were significantly lower in the lipopolysaccharide + dexmedetomidine group than in the lipopolysaccharide group. Dexmedetomidine 130-145 occludin Rattus norvegicus 40-48 27163720-6 2016 Dexmedetomidine pretreatment significantly suppressed the inflammatory responses, as evidenced by lower TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels, significantly inhibited NF-kappaB activity, and alleviated overexpression of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 104-113 27163720-6 2016 Dexmedetomidine pretreatment significantly suppressed the inflammatory responses, as evidenced by lower TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels, significantly inhibited NF-kappaB activity, and alleviated overexpression of microglia and astrocytes in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 118-126 27608913-0 2016 Dexmedetomidine regulate the malignancy of breast cancer cells by activating alpha2-adrenoceptor/ERK signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 97-100 27463003-0 2016 alpha2-adrenoreceptor modulated FAK pathway induced by dexmedetomidine attenuates pulmonary microvascular hyper-permeability following kidney injury. Dexmedetomidine 55-70 PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Mus musculus 32-35 27463003-10 2016 In vivo, dexmedetomidine remarkably attenuated lung injury and pulmonary microvascular hyper-permeability caused by rI/R injury, which was abolished by atipamezole or FAK inhibitor co-administration. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Mus musculus 167-170 27463003-12 2016 Dexmedetomidine increased phospho-tyrosine397FAK in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which was correlated with the changes in trans-endothelial permeability. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Mus musculus 45-48 27463003-13 2016 Our data indicated that dexmedetomidine is able to ameliorate remote pulmonary microvascular hyper-permeability induced by rI/R, at least in part, via FAK modulation. Dexmedetomidine 24-39 PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Mus musculus 151-154 27480658-1 2016 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of alpha2 adrenergic agonist, dexmedetomidine on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in brain tissue and serum S-100beta protein level in traumatic brain injury rats. Dexmedetomidine 83-98 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 102-129 27480658-1 2016 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of alpha2 adrenergic agonist, dexmedetomidine on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in brain tissue and serum S-100beta protein level in traumatic brain injury rats. Dexmedetomidine 83-98 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 131-140 27480658-1 2016 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of alpha2 adrenergic agonist, dexmedetomidine on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) in brain tissue and serum S-100beta protein level in traumatic brain injury rats. Dexmedetomidine 83-98 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 158-162 27221008-12 2016 Post-ischemic treatment with DEX increased the expression levels of p-Akt and p-GSK-3beta, whereas caspase-3 expression was reduced following DEX treatment compared with in the I/R group. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-73 27221008-12 2016 Post-ischemic treatment with DEX increased the expression levels of p-Akt and p-GSK-3beta, whereas caspase-3 expression was reduced following DEX treatment compared with in the I/R group. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 80-89 27221008-12 2016 Post-ischemic treatment with DEX increased the expression levels of p-Akt and p-GSK-3beta, whereas caspase-3 expression was reduced following DEX treatment compared with in the I/R group. Dexmedetomidine 142-145 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 99-108 27221008-13 2016 Compared with the I/R group, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax at the mRNA level was elevated in the DEX and ischemic post-conditioning groups, whereas the expression levels of Bax were decreased. Dexmedetomidine 90-93 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 42-47 27221008-13 2016 Compared with the I/R group, the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax at the mRNA level was elevated in the DEX and ischemic post-conditioning groups, whereas the expression levels of Bax were decreased. Dexmedetomidine 90-93 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 48-51 27221008-15 2016 These results indicated that, similar to post-ischemic conditioning, post-ischemic treatment with DEX protects the heart against I/R via the PI3K/Akt-dependent signaling pathway, possibly by activating GSK-3beta. Dexmedetomidine 98-101 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 146-149 27221008-15 2016 These results indicated that, similar to post-ischemic conditioning, post-ischemic treatment with DEX protects the heart against I/R via the PI3K/Akt-dependent signaling pathway, possibly by activating GSK-3beta. Dexmedetomidine 98-101 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 202-211 27222147-0 2016 Dexmedetomidine attenuates repeated propofol exposure-induced hippocampal apoptosis, PI3K/Akt/Gsk-3beta signaling disruption, and juvenile cognitive deficits in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-93 27222147-0 2016 Dexmedetomidine attenuates repeated propofol exposure-induced hippocampal apoptosis, PI3K/Akt/Gsk-3beta signaling disruption, and juvenile cognitive deficits in neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 94-103 27222147-9 2016 The results of the current study demonstrated that Dex ameliorates the neurocognitive impairment induced by repeated neonatal propofol challenge in rats, partially via its anti-apoptotic action and normalization of the disruption to the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3beta signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 242-245 27222147-9 2016 The results of the current study demonstrated that Dex ameliorates the neurocognitive impairment induced by repeated neonatal propofol challenge in rats, partially via its anti-apoptotic action and normalization of the disruption to the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3beta signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 246-255 27610030-0 2016 Dexmedetomidine inhibits vasoconstriction via activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 60-93 27610030-2 2016 The present study tested the hypothesis that DEX inhibits vascular tension in human pulmonary arteries through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mediated production of nitric oxide (NO). Dexmedetomidine 45-48 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 115-148 27608913-10 2016 Furthermore, Dex up-regulated the protein level of a2-adrenoceptor and consistently enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK without changing the total level of it. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 116-119 27608913-12 2016 CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that Dex could promote the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer cells through the activation of alpha2B-adrenoceptor /ERK signaling. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 168-171 27054340-0 2016 Dexmedetomidine Inhibits Maturation and Function of Human Cord Blood-Derived Dendritic Cells by Interfering with Synthesis and Secretion of IL-12 and IL-23. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 23 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 150-155 27347929-0 2016 Dexmedetomidine Protects Rat Liver against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Partly by the alpha2A-Adrenoceptor Subtype and the Mechanism Is Associated with the TLR4/NF-kappaB Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 85-105 27347929-0 2016 Dexmedetomidine Protects Rat Liver against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Partly by the alpha2A-Adrenoceptor Subtype and the Mechanism Is Associated with the TLR4/NF-kappaB Pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 155-159 27347929-6 2016 Dex ameliorated liver injury after OALT probably by suppressing the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway and decreasing inflammatory mediator levels. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 68-72 27347929-8 2016 In conclusion, Dex attenuates liver injury partly via the alpha2A-adrenoceptor subtype, and the mechanism is due to the suppression of the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 58-78 27347929-8 2016 In conclusion, Dex attenuates liver injury partly via the alpha2A-adrenoceptor subtype, and the mechanism is due to the suppression of the TLR4/NF-kappaB pathway. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 139-143 27323135-6 2016 We found that dexmedetomidine significantly suppressed respiratory burst, NO production, and iNOS activity after stimulation with E. coli, in a dose-dependent manner. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 93-97 27074053-6 2016 The preemptive administration of Dex substantially abated sepsis-induced pulmonary edema, pulmonary histopathological changes, and NF-kappaB p65 activity. Dexmedetomidine 33-36 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 141-144 27074053-10 2016 The overall results demonstrate that Dex inhibits the LPS-induced inflammatory reaction in the lung tissues of septic mice partly through the alpha7nAChR-dependent cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Dexmedetomidine 37-40 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 142-153 26099305-4 2016 In the current study, we investigated the effects of increasing doses of Dex premedication on 50% convulsive dose (CD50) of Ropi. Dexmedetomidine 73-76 intercellular adhesion molecule 5, telencephalin Mus musculus 115-119 26099305-10 2016 The results of our investigation demonstrated that Dex dose-dependently increased RopiCD50, prolonged the latency and shortened the duration of each RopiCD50-induced seizure, improved the negative emotions revealed by both OF and EPM test, and inhibited p-ERK expression in the BLA and the CeA. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Mus musculus 254-259 27222175-8 2016 RI, PPT and AUC all increased, and PSI and Grad decreased significantly in I/R and dexmedetomidine groups (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 83-98 protachykinin-1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 4-7 27222175-9 2016 Compared with I/R group, obvious improvement of the renal size and renal pathologies were observed in dexmedetomidine group, which showed significantly decreased RI, PPT and AUC and increased PSI and Grad (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 102-117 protachykinin-1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 166-169 26805677-0 2016 Sedation with alpha2 Agonist Dexmedetomidine During Unilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation: A Preliminary Report. Dexmedetomidine 29-44 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 14-20 26805677-1 2016 OBJECTIVE: The alpha2 agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an anesthetic agent that can provide sedation and analgesia without respiratory depression or changes in neuronal activity during microrecordings. Dexmedetomidine 30-45 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 15-21 26805677-1 2016 OBJECTIVE: The alpha2 agonist dexmedetomidine (DEX) is an anesthetic agent that can provide sedation and analgesia without respiratory depression or changes in neuronal activity during microrecordings. Dexmedetomidine 47-50 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 15-21 27269921-5 2016 : RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride protected Kupffer cells from H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative damage, showing an increase in the cell survival rate while a decrease in LDH, MDA and TNF-alpha release in the culture supernatant. Dexmedetomidine 12-41 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 185-194 29931961-0 2016 [Dexmedetomidine prevents inflammatory responses in injured rat lung tissues induced by ischemia/reperfusion through inhibition of TLR4 expression]. Dexmedetomidine 1-16 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 131-135 27054340-10 2016 Compared to the control group, the protein levels of IL-12 and IL-23 in the culture medium and the mRNA levels of IL-12 p35, IL-12 p40 and IL-23 p19 in the DCs all decreased in dexmedetomidine group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 177-192 interleukin 23 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 63-68 27054340-10 2016 Compared to the control group, the protein levels of IL-12 and IL-23 in the culture medium and the mRNA levels of IL-12 p35, IL-12 p40 and IL-23 p19 in the DCs all decreased in dexmedetomidine group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 177-192 interleukin 23 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 139-144 27054340-10 2016 Compared to the control group, the protein levels of IL-12 and IL-23 in the culture medium and the mRNA levels of IL-12 p35, IL-12 p40 and IL-23 p19 in the DCs all decreased in dexmedetomidine group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 177-192 interleukin 23 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 145-148 27054340-11 2016 In addition, the proliferation of CTLs and the secretion of IFN-gamma also decreased in the dexmedetomidine group, compared with the control group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 92-107 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 60-69 27054340-13 2016 It was also found the decrease of mRNA levels of IL-12 p35, IL-12 p40 and IL-23 p19 in the dexmedetomidine group could be reversed by ERK1/2 or AKT inhibitors. Dexmedetomidine 91-106 interleukin 23 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 74-79 27054340-13 2016 It was also found the decrease of mRNA levels of IL-12 p35, IL-12 p40 and IL-23 p19 in the dexmedetomidine group could be reversed by ERK1/2 or AKT inhibitors. Dexmedetomidine 91-106 interleukin 23 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 80-83 27054340-13 2016 It was also found the decrease of mRNA levels of IL-12 p35, IL-12 p40 and IL-23 p19 in the dexmedetomidine group could be reversed by ERK1/2 or AKT inhibitors. Dexmedetomidine 91-106 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 134-140 27054340-13 2016 It was also found the decrease of mRNA levels of IL-12 p35, IL-12 p40 and IL-23 p19 in the dexmedetomidine group could be reversed by ERK1/2 or AKT inhibitors. Dexmedetomidine 91-106 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 144-147 27054340-15 2016 The alpha2-adrenergic receptors and its downstream molecules ERK1/2 and AKT are closely involved in the modulation of dexmedetomidine on DCs. Dexmedetomidine 118-133 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 61-67 27054340-15 2016 The alpha2-adrenergic receptors and its downstream molecules ERK1/2 and AKT are closely involved in the modulation of dexmedetomidine on DCs. Dexmedetomidine 118-133 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 26896779-11 2016 A significant decrease of serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha was demonstrated in CCI+RCS and CCI+Dex groups. Dexmedetomidine 87-90 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 26896779-11 2016 A significant decrease of serum IL-6 and TNF-alpha was demonstrated in CCI+RCS and CCI+Dex groups. Dexmedetomidine 87-90 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 41-50 26896779-12 2016 The therapeutic effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in neuropathic pain may be through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, primarily IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 33-48 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 135-139 29931961-1 2016 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Dexmedetomidine (Dex) on Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) expression in lung during lung ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) in rats and its possible protecting mechanisms. Dexmedetomidine 40-55 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 86-90 29931961-1 2016 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Dexmedetomidine (Dex) on Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) expression in lung during lung ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) in rats and its possible protecting mechanisms. Dexmedetomidine 40-43 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 86-90 29931961-7 2016 (2)Compared with those in the I/R group, W/D and TLW in the Dex group were lower (P<0.05, P<0.01), the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4 in lung tissues decreased (P<0.01), and reduced structure damages of lung tissues were observed under light microscopy in Dex group. Dexmedetomidine 60-63 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 147-151 29931961-7 2016 (2)Compared with those in the I/R group, W/D and TLW in the Dex group were lower (P<0.05, P<0.01), the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4 in lung tissues decreased (P<0.01), and reduced structure damages of lung tissues were observed under light microscopy in Dex group. Dexmedetomidine 277-280 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 147-151 29931961-8 2016 (3)Compared with those in the Dex group, W/D and TLW in the Dex+Atip group were higher (P<0.01), the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4 in lung tissues increased (P<0.01), and the structure damages of lung tissues observed under light microscopy were more serious. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 142-146 29931961-8 2016 (3)Compared with those in the Dex group, W/D and TLW in the Dex+Atip group were higher (P<0.01), the mRNA and protein expression levels of TLR4 in lung tissues increased (P<0.01), and the structure damages of lung tissues observed under light microscopy were more serious. Dexmedetomidine 60-63 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 142-146 29931961-11 2016 Dexmedetomidine could inhibit TLR4 expression and alleviate the lung ischemia/reperfusion injury, which was related to activation of alpha2-adreno receptor. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 30-34 26856320-10 2016 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine exerted protective effects against hepatic IRI during adult LDLiver transplantation, as indicated by suppression of ICAM-1, better scores of histopathological assessment, and augmented post-operative liver function tests. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 145-151 29931886-0 2016 [Nrf2/ARE pathway mediates the reducing effect of Dexmedeto-midine on ischemia/reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle]. Dexmedetomidine 50-66 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 1-5 29931886-1 2016 OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of Nrf2/ARE pathway in skeletal muscle ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury preconditioning by dexmedetomidine(DEX). Dexmedetomidine 122-137 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 34-38 26865131-0 2016 Dexmedetomidine post-treatment induces neuroprotection via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase in rats with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 73-110 26865131-9 2016 Neuroprotection by dexmedetomidine was abolished by PD98095, an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Dexmedetomidine 19-34 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 77-114 26865131-9 2016 Neuroprotection by dexmedetomidine was abolished by PD98095, an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Dexmedetomidine 19-34 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 116-119 26865131-10 2016 Phospho-ERK, the activated form of ERK, was increased by dexmedetomidine; this activation was inhibited by PD98095. Dexmedetomidine 57-72 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 8-11 26865131-10 2016 Phospho-ERK, the activated form of ERK, was increased by dexmedetomidine; this activation was inhibited by PD98095. Dexmedetomidine 57-72 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 35-38 26896779-12 2016 The therapeutic effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in neuropathic pain may be through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, primarily IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 33-48 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 144-153 26667357-0 2016 Inhibition of the cardiac Na+ channel alpha-subunit Nav1.5 by propofol and dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 75-90 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 Homo sapiens 52-58 26667357-5 2016 In this study, we therefore explored the effects of propofol and dexmedetomidine on the cardiac predominant Na(+) channel alpha-subunit Nav1.5. Dexmedetomidine 65-80 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 Homo sapiens 136-142 26667357-14 2016 Propofol and dexmedetomidine seem to interact with the LA-binding site to inhibit the cardiac Na(+) channel Nav1.5 in a state-dependent manner. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5 Homo sapiens 108-114 27236883-12 2016 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine combied electrical stimulation could effectively prevent the occurrence of postoperative cognition, and reduce levels of NSA, S-100beta, IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 154-163 27236883-12 2016 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine combied electrical stimulation could effectively prevent the occurrence of postoperative cognition, and reduce levels of NSA, S-100beta, IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 165-173 27236883-12 2016 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine combied electrical stimulation could effectively prevent the occurrence of postoperative cognition, and reduce levels of NSA, S-100beta, IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 175-179 27236883-12 2016 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine combied electrical stimulation could effectively prevent the occurrence of postoperative cognition, and reduce levels of NSA, S-100beta, IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 184-193 29931869-0 2016 [Effect of dexmedetomidine on the changes of EAA and the expression of NMDA NR1 protein in hippocampus in global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats]. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 76-79 29931869-6 2016 RESULTS: Compared with that in group B, the levels of Glu, Asp and NMDA NR1 protein were significantly decreased in the dexmedetomidine pretreatment group (P<0.05 or 0.01). Dexmedetomidine 120-135 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 72-75 29931870-10 2016 Compared with I/R group, the W/D, TLW, IQA, AI of DEX group were all decreased, the demaged lung tissue morphology changes were significantly reduced, the protein and mRNA expression level of Caspase-12 and grp78 in DEX group were decreased (P<0.01). Dexmedetomidine 216-219 heat shock protein 5 Mus musculus 207-212 26493547-8 2016 Data submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration demonstrate that dexmedetomidine inhibits CYP 3A4 and may produce adequate liver concentrations that could interfere with tacrolimus metabolism. Dexmedetomidine 73-88 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 98-105 26562363-0 2016 Detecting a dexmedetomidine-evoked reduction of noradrenaline release in the human brain with the alpha2C-adrenoceptor PET ligand [11C]ORM-13070. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 adrenoceptor alpha 2C Homo sapiens 98-118 26562363-2 2016 The objective of this study was to test whether the receptor binding of the alpha2C -AR antagonist PET tracer [(11)C]ORM-13070 would increase in response to reductions in synaptic noradrenaline, evoked by dexmedetomidine as a sympatholytic drug challenge. Dexmedetomidine 205-220 adrenoceptor alpha 2C Homo sapiens 76-87 27069541-9 2016 Compared with the model group, rats given Dex had (1) shorter escape latencies, (2) more platform crossings, (3) fewer relaxin-3 and c-fos positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area, (4) upregulation of Bcl-2, (5) downregulation of Fas, caspase-8, and caspase-9 proteins, and (6) decreased neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 relaxin 3 Rattus norvegicus 119-128 26911944-0 2016 [Role of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in attenuation of endotoxin induced delirium with dexmedetomidine in mice]. Dexmedetomidine 99-114 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 9-48 27069541-9 2016 Compared with the model group, rats given Dex had (1) shorter escape latencies, (2) more platform crossings, (3) fewer relaxin-3 and c-fos positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area, (4) upregulation of Bcl-2, (5) downregulation of Fas, caspase-8, and caspase-9 proteins, and (6) decreased neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 133-138 27069541-9 2016 Compared with the model group, rats given Dex had (1) shorter escape latencies, (2) more platform crossings, (3) fewer relaxin-3 and c-fos positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area, (4) upregulation of Bcl-2, (5) downregulation of Fas, caspase-8, and caspase-9 proteins, and (6) decreased neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 175-178 27069541-9 2016 Compared with the model group, rats given Dex had (1) shorter escape latencies, (2) more platform crossings, (3) fewer relaxin-3 and c-fos positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area, (4) upregulation of Bcl-2, (5) downregulation of Fas, caspase-8, and caspase-9 proteins, and (6) decreased neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 205-210 27069541-9 2016 Compared with the model group, rats given Dex had (1) shorter escape latencies, (2) more platform crossings, (3) fewer relaxin-3 and c-fos positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area, (4) upregulation of Bcl-2, (5) downregulation of Fas, caspase-8, and caspase-9 proteins, and (6) decreased neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 caspase 8 Rattus norvegicus 239-248 27069541-9 2016 Compared with the model group, rats given Dex had (1) shorter escape latencies, (2) more platform crossings, (3) fewer relaxin-3 and c-fos positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 area, (4) upregulation of Bcl-2, (5) downregulation of Fas, caspase-8, and caspase-9 proteins, and (6) decreased neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 254-263 26899608-4 2016 Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly lower in the bilateral-DEX group than in the uni-saline group 6 and 24h postoperatively, and were negatively correlated with total DEX dosage 24h postoperatively. Dexmedetomidine 76-79 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 6-19 26909786-10 2016 DEX as an adjuvant in anesthesia reduced circulating IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and INF-gamma levels after mini-CPB. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 53-57 26909786-10 2016 DEX as an adjuvant in anesthesia reduced circulating IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and INF-gamma levels after mini-CPB. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 59-63 26909786-10 2016 DEX as an adjuvant in anesthesia reduced circulating IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and INF-gamma levels after mini-CPB. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 65-74 29889401-3 2016 RESULTS: Based on the analysis of hemodynamic parameters, evaluation of pain using a numeric rating scale pain concluded that selective agonist of o-2 adrenergic dexmedetomidine in combination with nefopam provides effective postoperative pain relief in patients who underwent bariatric surgery, and is not a factor for suppression of postoperative inflammatory response Unlike the effects of ketorolac tromethamine, do not always provide a sufficient level of analgesia and reduce the rate of growth in the level of IL-6. Dexmedetomidine 162-177 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 517-521 26899608-4 2016 Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly lower in the bilateral-DEX group than in the uni-saline group 6 and 24h postoperatively, and were negatively correlated with total DEX dosage 24h postoperatively. Dexmedetomidine 76-79 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 21-25 26899608-4 2016 Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly lower in the bilateral-DEX group than in the uni-saline group 6 and 24h postoperatively, and were negatively correlated with total DEX dosage 24h postoperatively. Dexmedetomidine 184-187 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 6-19 26899608-4 2016 Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were significantly lower in the bilateral-DEX group than in the uni-saline group 6 and 24h postoperatively, and were negatively correlated with total DEX dosage 24h postoperatively. Dexmedetomidine 184-187 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 21-25 26899608-7 2016 The results indicate that perioperative intravenous DEX administration decreases postoperative serum IL-6 levels in patients undergoing bilateral TKA, and has a postoperative analgesic effect in patients undergoing unilateral or bilateral TKA. Dexmedetomidine 52-55 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 101-105 25565380-12 2016 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning also elevated HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression after global cerebral ischemia following asphyxial CA. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 46-56 26911944-1 2016 OBJECTIVE: To observe the role of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) in the protection against delirium by the use of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in endotoxin derived delirium and its mechanism. Dexmedetomidine 137-152 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 34-73 26911944-1 2016 OBJECTIVE: To observe the role of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) in the protection against delirium by the use of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in endotoxin derived delirium and its mechanism. Dexmedetomidine 137-152 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 75-86 26911944-1 2016 OBJECTIVE: To observe the role of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) in the protection against delirium by the use of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in endotoxin derived delirium and its mechanism. Dexmedetomidine 154-157 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 34-73 26911944-1 2016 OBJECTIVE: To observe the role of alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) in the protection against delirium by the use of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in endotoxin derived delirium and its mechanism. Dexmedetomidine 154-157 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 75-86 26911944-5 2016 The mice in alpha-BGT+DEX+LPS group were intraperitoneally injected with alpha7nAChR inhibitor alpha-BGT 1 mug/kg 15 minutes before DEX injection. Dexmedetomidine 22-25 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 73-84 26911944-18 2016 (3) The results of ELISA showed that the levels of TNF-alpha and NSE in serum were significantly increased in LPS groups as compared with that in NS group, and the levels of TNF-alpha and NSE were significantly decreased in DEX+LPS group. Dexmedetomidine 224-227 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 51-60 26911944-18 2016 (3) The results of ELISA showed that the levels of TNF-alpha and NSE in serum were significantly increased in LPS groups as compared with that in NS group, and the levels of TNF-alpha and NSE were significantly decreased in DEX+LPS group. Dexmedetomidine 224-227 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 174-183 26911944-18 2016 (3) The results of ELISA showed that the levels of TNF-alpha and NSE in serum were significantly increased in LPS groups as compared with that in NS group, and the levels of TNF-alpha and NSE were significantly decreased in DEX+LPS group. Dexmedetomidine 224-227 enolase 2, gamma neuronal Mus musculus 188-191 26911944-23 2016 DEX could attenuate endotoxemia-associated delirium syndrome through transforming central neurotransmitter, and its mechanism maybe related with alpha7nAChR. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 145-156 25565380-12 2016 Dexmedetomidine preconditioning also elevated HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression after global cerebral ischemia following asphyxial CA. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 61-65 25565380-13 2016 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protected against cerebral ischemic injury and was associated with upregulation of HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 127-137 28139820-3 2016 Our study was aimed to explore the effects of DEX on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression in unmethylated CpG DNA-challenged microglia. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 82-91 28139820-7 2016 And while BV2 microglia was stimulated by ODN1668 for different time, TNF-alpha was increased in mRNA and protein levels but the effect was attenuated by DEX via decreasing phosphorylated AKT and ERK. Dexmedetomidine 154-157 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 70-79 28139820-7 2016 And while BV2 microglia was stimulated by ODN1668 for different time, TNF-alpha was increased in mRNA and protein levels but the effect was attenuated by DEX via decreasing phosphorylated AKT and ERK. Dexmedetomidine 154-157 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 188-191 28139820-7 2016 And while BV2 microglia was stimulated by ODN1668 for different time, TNF-alpha was increased in mRNA and protein levels but the effect was attenuated by DEX via decreasing phosphorylated AKT and ERK. Dexmedetomidine 154-157 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 196-199 26429360-1 2016 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cardioprotective effect of the continuous administration of dexmedetomidine using serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) concentrations as biomarkers during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) surgery. Dexmedetomidine 90-105 troponin I3, cardiac type Homo sapiens 118-136 26429360-1 2016 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cardioprotective effect of the continuous administration of dexmedetomidine using serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) concentrations as biomarkers during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) surgery. Dexmedetomidine 90-105 troponin I3, cardiac type Homo sapiens 138-142 25565380-13 2016 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning protected against cerebral ischemic injury and was associated with upregulation of HIF-1alpha and VEGF expression. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 142-146 26655164-5 2016 Dexmedetomidine treatments also reduced IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels, especially in the preconditioning groups. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 40-44 25844953-10 2016 This neurocognitive deficit was prevented by administration of DEX (5.0 microg/kg, IP), which also significantly inhibited propofol-induced caspase-3 activation and microglial response in the fetal brains. Dexmedetomidine 63-66 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 140-149 26655164-5 2016 Dexmedetomidine treatments also reduced IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels, especially in the preconditioning groups. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 49-58 26655164-8 2016 SIGNIFICANCE: Dexmedetomidine-mediated neuroprotective effects in an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia involve the attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress and the increment of BDNF expression. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 187-191 28123811-0 2015 Antinociceptive effects of dexmedetomidine via spinal substance P and CGRP. Dexmedetomidine 27-42 calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha Rattus norvegicus 70-74 26682005-1 2016 This paper aims to explore whether pretreatment with dexmedetomidine (Dex) has antioxidative and renal protective effects during orthotopic autologous liver transplantation (OALT) and its impact on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Dexmedetomidine 53-68 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 198-241 26682005-1 2016 This paper aims to explore whether pretreatment with dexmedetomidine (Dex) has antioxidative and renal protective effects during orthotopic autologous liver transplantation (OALT) and its impact on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Dexmedetomidine 53-68 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 243-247 26682005-1 2016 This paper aims to explore whether pretreatment with dexmedetomidine (Dex) has antioxidative and renal protective effects during orthotopic autologous liver transplantation (OALT) and its impact on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Dexmedetomidine 70-73 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 198-241 26682005-1 2016 This paper aims to explore whether pretreatment with dexmedetomidine (Dex) has antioxidative and renal protective effects during orthotopic autologous liver transplantation (OALT) and its impact on nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Dexmedetomidine 70-73 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 243-247 26682005-4 2016 We found that pretreatment with Dex activated Nrf2 in glomerular cells and upregulated antioxidants but reduced oxidants (all P < 0.01, group D2 versus group M). Dexmedetomidine 32-35 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 46-50 26682005-6 2016 In conclusion, pretreatment with Dex activates Nrf2 through alpha2A receptor, increases the antioxidant levels, and attenuates renal injury during OALT. Dexmedetomidine 33-36 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 26782426-5 2015 We found that prolonged anesthesia with dexmedetomidine or fentanyl significantly inhibited mESC proliferation, with fewer cell numbers as well as decreased expression of cyclin B and cyclin E mRNA compared to that in the control group; meanwhile, p21 and RB2 gene expression was increased. Dexmedetomidine 40-55 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21) Mus musculus 248-251 26782426-5 2015 We found that prolonged anesthesia with dexmedetomidine or fentanyl significantly inhibited mESC proliferation, with fewer cell numbers as well as decreased expression of cyclin B and cyclin E mRNA compared to that in the control group; meanwhile, p21 and RB2 gene expression was increased. Dexmedetomidine 40-55 RB transcriptional corepressor like 2 Mus musculus 256-259 26702389-2 2015 The protective effects of Dex may reportedly be due to the activation of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR)-dependent cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 77-116 26702389-2 2015 The protective effects of Dex may reportedly be due to the activation of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR)-dependent cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Dexmedetomidine 26-29 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 118-129 26702389-5 2015 To investigate the role of spleen in the treatment of Dex against sepsis, we studied the effects of preemptive administration of Dex to septic mice on the NF-kappaB p65 activation and downstream pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the spleen. Dexmedetomidine 129-132 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 165-168 26702389-6 2015 Our results provided evidence that Dex treatment attenuated LPS-activated NF-kappaB p65 activation, as well as the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1beta at the level of both mRNA and protein in spleen. Dexmedetomidine 35-38 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 84-87 26702389-6 2015 Our results provided evidence that Dex treatment attenuated LPS-activated NF-kappaB p65 activation, as well as the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1beta at the level of both mRNA and protein in spleen. Dexmedetomidine 35-38 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 129-156 26702389-6 2015 Our results provided evidence that Dex treatment attenuated LPS-activated NF-kappaB p65 activation, as well as the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1beta at the level of both mRNA and protein in spleen. Dexmedetomidine 35-38 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 158-171 26702389-6 2015 Our results provided evidence that Dex treatment attenuated LPS-activated NF-kappaB p65 activation, as well as the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1beta at the level of both mRNA and protein in spleen. Dexmedetomidine 35-38 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 177-194 26702389-8 2015 Conversely, preemptive injection of alpha-bungarotoxin, a selective alpha7nAChR antagonist, reversed these effects of Dex. Dexmedetomidine 118-121 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 68-79 25172906-10 2015 The expression of GRP78 and CHOP increased in the simple scald and scald and 50 mug/kg dexmedetomidine groups (p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 87-102 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 Homo sapiens 18-23 25172906-10 2015 The expression of GRP78 and CHOP increased in the simple scald and scald and 50 mug/kg dexmedetomidine groups (p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 87-102 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 28-32 28123811-1 2015 The aim of this study was to examine the role played by substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in engagement of antinociception evoked by dexmedetomidine (DEX). Dexmedetomidine 196-211 calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha Rattus norvegicus 72-103 28123811-1 2015 The aim of this study was to examine the role played by substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in engagement of antinociception evoked by dexmedetomidine (DEX). Dexmedetomidine 196-211 calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha Rattus norvegicus 105-109 28123811-1 2015 The aim of this study was to examine the role played by substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in engagement of antinociception evoked by dexmedetomidine (DEX). Dexmedetomidine 213-216 calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha Rattus norvegicus 72-103 28123811-1 2015 The aim of this study was to examine the role played by substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord in engagement of antinociception evoked by dexmedetomidine (DEX). Dexmedetomidine 213-216 calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha Rattus norvegicus 105-109 28123811-4 2015 Also, intrathecal infusion of DEX significantly decreased the concentrations of substance P and CGRP as compared with vehicle control (P < 0.05 DEX vs. vehicle control, n = 20 in each group). Dexmedetomidine 30-33 calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha Rattus norvegicus 96-100 26585410-0 2015 Dexmedetomidine Inhibits TLR4/NF-kappaB Activation and Reduces Acute Kidney Injury after Orthotopic Autologous Liver Transplantation in Rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 25-29 26585410-9 2015 Pre-treatment with dexmedetomidine decreased BUN and SCr levels and reduced kidney pathological injury, TLR4 expression, translocation of NF-kappaB, and cytokine production. Dexmedetomidine 19-34 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 104-108 26585410-11 2015 These results were confirmed by using alpha2A-adrenergic receptor siRNA which reversed the protective effect of dexmedetomidine on attenuating NRK-52E cells injury induced by hypoxia reoxygenation. Dexmedetomidine 112-127 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 38-65 26585410-12 2015 In conclusion, Dexmedetomidine-pretreatment attenuates OALT-induced AKI in rats which may be contributable to its inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB pathway activation. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 128-132 26585410-12 2015 In conclusion, Dexmedetomidine-pretreatment attenuates OALT-induced AKI in rats which may be contributable to its inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappaB pathway activation. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 133-138 28123811-8 2015 Thus, DEX plays a role in stimulating alpha2-AR receptors, which thereby decreases substance P and CGRP levels within the dorsal horn. Dexmedetomidine 6-9 calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha Rattus norvegicus 99-103 26885050-6 2015 In this study, we showed Dex inhibited the increase in cTnI and CK-MB, attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8, and promoted anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 troponin I3, cardiac type Homo sapiens 55-59 26885050-6 2015 In this study, we showed Dex inhibited the increase in cTnI and CK-MB, attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8, and promoted anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 127-136 26885050-6 2015 In this study, we showed Dex inhibited the increase in cTnI and CK-MB, attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8, and promoted anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 138-142 26885050-6 2015 In this study, we showed Dex inhibited the increase in cTnI and CK-MB, attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8, and promoted anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 147-151 26885050-6 2015 In this study, we showed Dex inhibited the increase in cTnI and CK-MB, attenuated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8, and promoted anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 193-198 26435028-10 2015 Dexmedetomidine suppressed cAMP formation and enhanced P-selectin expression in platelets, and these effects were inhibited by yohimbine. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 selectin P Homo sapiens 55-65 26104860-3 2015 Enantioselective CE with highly sulfated gamma-cyclodextrin as chiral selector was employed for analyzing in vitro (i) the kinetics of the N-demethylation of ketamine mediated by canine CYP3A12 and (ii) interactions occurring with racemic medetomidine and dexmedetomidine during coincubation with ketamine and canine liver microsomes (CLM), canine CYP3A12, human liver microsomes (HLM), and human CYP3A4. Dexmedetomidine 256-271 cytochrome P450 3A12 Canis lupus familiaris 186-193 26104860-7 2015 For CLM and CYP3A12, the inhibition of dexmedetomidine is stronger for the R- compared to the S-enantiomer of ketamine, a stereoselectivity that is not observed for CYP3A4. Dexmedetomidine 39-54 cytochrome P450 3A12 Canis lupus familiaris 12-19 26104860-8 2015 Induction is observed at a low dexmedetomidine concentration with CYP3A4 but not with CYP3A12, CLM, and HLM. Dexmedetomidine 31-46 cytochrome P450 3A12 Canis lupus familiaris 66-72 26770320-7 2015 Moreover, dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited these TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, MDA, SOD and caspase-3 activities in isoflurane-induced aging rat. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 56-65 26770320-7 2015 Moreover, dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited these TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, MDA, SOD and caspase-3 activities in isoflurane-induced aging rat. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 67-75 26770320-7 2015 Moreover, dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited these TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, MDA, SOD and caspase-3 activities in isoflurane-induced aging rat. Dexmedetomidine 10-25 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 90-99 26770320-8 2015 Meanwhile, the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine on isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment significantly suppressed Bcl-xL/Bad rate, P38 MAPK and PTEN protein expression and activated p-Akt protein expression in aging rat. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 Bcl2-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 126-132 26770320-8 2015 Meanwhile, the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine on isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment significantly suppressed Bcl-xL/Bad rate, P38 MAPK and PTEN protein expression and activated p-Akt protein expression in aging rat. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 phosphatase and tensin homolog Rattus norvegicus 156-160 26770320-8 2015 Meanwhile, the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine on isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment significantly suppressed Bcl-xL/Bad rate, P38 MAPK and PTEN protein expression and activated p-Akt protein expression in aging rat. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 196-199 26464000-3 2015 Patients in group D received continuous intravenous infusion of DEX 0.8 mug kg-1 min-1 after the induction. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 85-90 26168895-2 2015 However, it remains unknown whether and how DEX functionally prevents the pathological form of synaptic plasticity caused by ischemia in the hippocampal CA1 neurons. Dexmedetomidine 44-47 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 26211495-0 2015 Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse through inhibition of MAPK pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 106-110 26211495-8 2015 The results showed that pretreatment with Dex considerably reduced neutrophil infiltration and pulmonary edema, and significantly reduced protein concentrations in the BALF, as well as suppressed LPS-induced elevation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) in the serum. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 248-257 26211495-8 2015 The results showed that pretreatment with Dex considerably reduced neutrophil infiltration and pulmonary edema, and significantly reduced protein concentrations in the BALF, as well as suppressed LPS-induced elevation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) in the serum. Dexmedetomidine 42-45 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 262-270 26211495-9 2015 In addition, we observed that the molecular mechanism of Dex-mediated anti-inflammation is associated with decreasing phosphorylation of MKK4, MMK3/6, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and JNK, and diminishing activation of Elk-1, c-Jun, and ATF-2. Dexmedetomidine 57-60 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 Mus musculus 137-141 26211495-9 2015 In addition, we observed that the molecular mechanism of Dex-mediated anti-inflammation is associated with decreasing phosphorylation of MKK4, MMK3/6, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and JNK, and diminishing activation of Elk-1, c-Jun, and ATF-2. Dexmedetomidine 57-60 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 151-157 26211495-9 2015 In addition, we observed that the molecular mechanism of Dex-mediated anti-inflammation is associated with decreasing phosphorylation of MKK4, MMK3/6, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and JNK, and diminishing activation of Elk-1, c-Jun, and ATF-2. Dexmedetomidine 57-60 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 159-166 26211495-9 2015 In addition, we observed that the molecular mechanism of Dex-mediated anti-inflammation is associated with decreasing phosphorylation of MKK4, MMK3/6, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and JNK, and diminishing activation of Elk-1, c-Jun, and ATF-2. Dexmedetomidine 57-60 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 172-175 26211495-9 2015 In addition, we observed that the molecular mechanism of Dex-mediated anti-inflammation is associated with decreasing phosphorylation of MKK4, MMK3/6, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and JNK, and diminishing activation of Elk-1, c-Jun, and ATF-2. Dexmedetomidine 57-60 ELK1, member of ETS oncogene family Mus musculus 207-212 26211495-9 2015 In addition, we observed that the molecular mechanism of Dex-mediated anti-inflammation is associated with decreasing phosphorylation of MKK4, MMK3/6, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and JNK, and diminishing activation of Elk-1, c-Jun, and ATF-2. Dexmedetomidine 57-60 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 214-219 26211495-9 2015 In addition, we observed that the molecular mechanism of Dex-mediated anti-inflammation is associated with decreasing phosphorylation of MKK4, MMK3/6, ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and JNK, and diminishing activation of Elk-1, c-Jun, and ATF-2. Dexmedetomidine 57-60 activating transcription factor 2 Mus musculus 225-230 26211495-10 2015 Dex could attenuate ALI induced by LPS in mice, and this effect may be mediated through the inhibition of MAPK pathway. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 106-110 25916972-10 2015 Combination of sevoflurane and dexmedetomidine resulted in the highest number of caspase-3 positive cells, although the extent of cell death remained relatively low in all experimental groups. Dexmedetomidine 31-46 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 81-90 33607722-2 2015 The results of this article are almost the same with those of another article entitled "Sedation effect of dexmedetomidine and propfol for elderly patients after spinal surgery in ICU: a comparative study" published in the journal of Shi Jie Zui Xin Yi Xue Xi Wen Zhai [2013, 13(13):211-212] with the same first author Mao Ye. Dexmedetomidine 107-122 xin actin binding repeat containing 1 Homo sapiens 246-249 26770491-8 2015 Dex could reduce renal dysfunction induced by I/R, inhibit inflammatory response, up-regulate the expression of protein ZO-1 and occludin and protect renal. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 tight junction protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 120-137 26770491-6 2015 The results of detection of renal function and inflammatory factors showed that, comparing to group S, Scr, BUN, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were all enhanced in group I/R, group Pre/Dex and group Post/Dex, significantly (P < 0.05), while the inflammatory factors in group Pre/Dex and group Post/Dex were lower than in group I/R, significantly (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 197-200 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 113-121 26770491-6 2015 The results of detection of renal function and inflammatory factors showed that, comparing to group S, Scr, BUN, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were all enhanced in group I/R, group Pre/Dex and group Post/Dex, significantly (P < 0.05), while the inflammatory factors in group Pre/Dex and group Post/Dex were lower than in group I/R, significantly (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 197-200 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 113-121 26770491-6 2015 The results of detection of renal function and inflammatory factors showed that, comparing to group S, Scr, BUN, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were all enhanced in group I/R, group Pre/Dex and group Post/Dex, significantly (P < 0.05), while the inflammatory factors in group Pre/Dex and group Post/Dex were lower than in group I/R, significantly (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 197-200 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 113-121 26770491-7 2015 The results of Western-blot showed that the expression of protein ZO-1 and occludin in group Pre/Dex and group Post/Dex were higher than in group I/R, significantly (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 97-100 tight junction protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 26770491-7 2015 The results of Western-blot showed that the expression of protein ZO-1 and occludin in group Pre/Dex and group Post/Dex were higher than in group I/R, significantly (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 97-100 occludin Rattus norvegicus 75-83 26770491-7 2015 The results of Western-blot showed that the expression of protein ZO-1 and occludin in group Pre/Dex and group Post/Dex were higher than in group I/R, significantly (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 116-119 tight junction protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 26770491-7 2015 The results of Western-blot showed that the expression of protein ZO-1 and occludin in group Pre/Dex and group Post/Dex were higher than in group I/R, significantly (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 116-119 occludin Rattus norvegicus 75-83 26489622-0 2015 Dexmedetomidine alleviates pulmonary edema by upregulating AQP1 and AQP5 expression in rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 aquaporin 1 Rattus norvegicus 59-63 26489622-0 2015 Dexmedetomidine alleviates pulmonary edema by upregulating AQP1 and AQP5 expression in rats with acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 aquaporin 5 Rattus norvegicus 68-72 26489622-9 2015 Our findings suggest that dexmedetomidine may alleviate pulmonary edema by increasing the expression of AQP-1 and AQP-5. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 aquaporin 1 Rattus norvegicus 104-109 26489622-9 2015 Our findings suggest that dexmedetomidine may alleviate pulmonary edema by increasing the expression of AQP-1 and AQP-5. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 aquaporin 5 Rattus norvegicus 114-119 26392810-0 2015 Dexmedetomidine-Induced Contraction in the Isolated Endothelium-Denuded Rat Aorta Involves PKC-delta-mediated JNK Phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 110-113 26392810-2 2015 The dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves the protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated pathway. Dexmedetomidine 4-19 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 71-74 26392810-3 2015 However, the main PKC isoform involved in the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction remains unknown. Dexmedetomidine 46-61 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 18-21 26392810-4 2015 The goal of this in vitro study was to examine the specific PKC isoform that contributes to the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction in the isolated rat aorta. Dexmedetomidine 96-111 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 60-63 26392810-11 2015 Dexmedetomidine also induced JNK phosphorylation, which was inhibited by rottlerin. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 29-32 26392810-12 2015 Taken together, these results suggest that the dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves PKC-delta-dependent JNK phosphorylation in the isolated rat aorta. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 112-115 25919658-4 2015 Patients who received dexmedetomidine, compared with saline after 20 min, had a lower mean (SD) heart rate (56.7 (5.2) vs. 67.1 (7.1) beats.min(-1) ), higher systolic blood pressure (125.7 (18.9) vs. 109 (7.9) mmHg), and lower cardiac output (2.9 (0.5) vs. 3.7 (1.0) l.min(-1) ), respectively (all p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 22-37 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 140-147 25919658-4 2015 Patients who received dexmedetomidine, compared with saline after 20 min, had a lower mean (SD) heart rate (56.7 (5.2) vs. 67.1 (7.1) beats.min(-1) ), higher systolic blood pressure (125.7 (18.9) vs. 109 (7.9) mmHg), and lower cardiac output (2.9 (0.5) vs. 3.7 (1.0) l.min(-1) ), respectively (all p < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 22-37 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 269-276 26547344-5 2015 Dex pretreatment obviously lowered IL-1beta and MDA levels and enhanced SOD activity in the plasma and renal tissues in LPS-challenged rats (P<0.05), and significantly lessened LPS-induced renal pathologies. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 35-43 26274721-8 2015 Furthermore, dexmedetomidine reversed the arrest of cell cycle and the downregulation of the transforming growth factorbeta, phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin, and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase induced by bilirubin. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 cyclin dependent kinase 20 Homo sapiens 175-178 26330753-5 2015 This study was carried out to assess how dexmedetomidine modulates histamine-induced Ca(2+) signaling and regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes encoding interleukin (IL)-6 and -8. Dexmedetomidine 41-56 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 175-200 26330753-10 2015 Collectively, these findings suggest that dexmedetomidine modulates histamine-induced Ca(2+) signaling and IL-6 expression and will be useful for understanding the antagonistic properties of dexmedetomidine on histamine-induced signaling beyond its sedative effect. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 107-111 26330753-10 2015 Collectively, these findings suggest that dexmedetomidine modulates histamine-induced Ca(2+) signaling and IL-6 expression and will be useful for understanding the antagonistic properties of dexmedetomidine on histamine-induced signaling beyond its sedative effect. Dexmedetomidine 191-206 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 107-111 26033312-11 2015 The dexmedetomidine groups had significantly higher postoperative sedation scores compared to plain bupivacaine group that were dose dependent and for longer time in BD2 group. Dexmedetomidine 4-19 defensin beta 4A Homo sapiens 166-169 26214293-3 2015 Based on experience with previous cure-alls, anesthesia clinicians and researchers must insist on more information and formulate appropriate science that will allow us to truly understand the role of this dexmedetomidine in our specialty:as wonder drug or also-ran. Dexmedetomidine 205-220 RAN, member RAS oncogene family Homo sapiens 261-264 26408618-0 2015 [Effect of dexmedetomidine on high-mobility group box 1 protein in rats with sepsis]. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 30-55 26408618-1 2015 OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in the serum and spleen in rats with sepsis and the underlying mechanisms. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 61-86 26408618-1 2015 OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in the serum and spleen in rats with sepsis and the underlying mechanisms. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 96-101 26408618-1 2015 OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in the serum and spleen in rats with sepsis and the underlying mechanisms. Dexmedetomidine 53-56 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 61-86 26408618-1 2015 OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) in the serum and spleen in rats with sepsis and the underlying mechanisms. Dexmedetomidine 53-56 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 96-101 26086861-0 2015 Contribution of alpha2A-adrenoceptor subtype to effect of dexmedetomidine and xylazine on spinal synaptic transmission of mice. Dexmedetomidine 58-73 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 16-36 26086861-6 2015 In alpha2A-AR mutant mice, sVRP suppression by dexmedetomidine was greatly weakened, while that by xylazine (30-100muM) showed only slight attenuation. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 3-13 26086861-9 2015 These results suggest that sVRP suppression by dexmedetomidine and xylazine is mainly mediated by alpha2A-AR. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 98-108 26108432-1 2015 Dexmedetomidine (an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist) sedation is commonly used during subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep-brain stimulation (DBS). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 20-27 26622369-12 2015 In addition, DEX treatment resulted in a reduction in the expression levels of Bax in the intestinal tissues, while increasing those of Bcl-2, in addition to significantly increasing the mRNA levels of telomerase and caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 79-82 26016707-7 2015 Dexmedetomidine also decreased prolactin levels with a mean difference of -19.42 (-39.37, 0.52) mug/L (P = 0.06). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 prolactin Homo sapiens 31-40 26181644-10 2015 Fascinatingly, Dex treatment downregulated the protein expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and cleaved caspase-3 by anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic mechanism. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 69-78 26181644-10 2015 Fascinatingly, Dex treatment downregulated the protein expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and cleaved caspase-3 by anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic mechanism. Dexmedetomidine 15-18 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 80-84 26622369-12 2015 In addition, DEX treatment resulted in a reduction in the expression levels of Bax in the intestinal tissues, while increasing those of Bcl-2, in addition to significantly increasing the mRNA levels of telomerase and caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 136-141 26622369-12 2015 In addition, DEX treatment resulted in a reduction in the expression levels of Bax in the intestinal tissues, while increasing those of Bcl-2, in addition to significantly increasing the mRNA levels of telomerase and caspase-3. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 217-226 25160130-8 2015 More patients in the dexmedetomidine group were administered milrinone, epinephrine, vasopressin, benzodiazepines, opiates, and adjunct pain and sedative medications (p<0.01). Dexmedetomidine 21-36 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 85-96 26485913-16 2015 CONCLUSION: TAES combined dexmedetomidine could effectively maintain stable hemodynamics of intracranial aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients undergoing intervention, and regulate their serum levels of S100beta and NSE. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 209-217 26485913-16 2015 CONCLUSION: TAES combined dexmedetomidine could effectively maintain stable hemodynamics of intracranial aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients undergoing intervention, and regulate their serum levels of S100beta and NSE. Dexmedetomidine 26-41 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 222-225 26196332-7 2015 In conclusion, perioperative adjunctive use of dexmedetomidine substantially decreases serum IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha levels. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 93-97 26196332-7 2015 In conclusion, perioperative adjunctive use of dexmedetomidine substantially decreases serum IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha levels. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 99-103 26196332-7 2015 In conclusion, perioperative adjunctive use of dexmedetomidine substantially decreases serum IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha levels. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 108-117 26379954-8 2015 One- and five-day after operation, the levels of TNF-alpha, NSE and IL-6 in the dexmedetomidine group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and serum SOD significantly increased in the former (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 80-95 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 49-58 26379954-8 2015 One- and five-day after operation, the levels of TNF-alpha, NSE and IL-6 in the dexmedetomidine group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and serum SOD significantly increased in the former (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 80-95 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 60-63 26379954-8 2015 One- and five-day after operation, the levels of TNF-alpha, NSE and IL-6 in the dexmedetomidine group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), and serum SOD significantly increased in the former (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 80-95 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 68-72 26070954-0 2015 Dexmedetomidine ameliorates acute lung injury following orthotopic autologous liver transplantation in rats probably by inhibiting Toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor kappa B signaling. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 131-151 26070954-7 2015 Pretreatment with 50 mug/kg Dex attenuated OALT-induced lung injury in rats, probably by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4-NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Dexmedetomidine 28-31 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 122-126 26070954-8 2015 The protective effect of Dex could be blocked by atipamezole or BRL-44408, but not by ARC-239, suggesting these effects of Dex were mediated, at least in part, by the alpha2A-AR. Dexmedetomidine 25-28 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 167-177 26070954-8 2015 The protective effect of Dex could be blocked by atipamezole or BRL-44408, but not by ARC-239, suggesting these effects of Dex were mediated, at least in part, by the alpha2A-AR. Dexmedetomidine 123-126 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 167-177 26070954-9 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Dex exerts protective effects against ALI following OALT, and this protection is associated with the suppression of TLR4-NF-kappaB signaling. Dexmedetomidine 13-16 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 129-133 25382218-7 2015 The new approach was thoroughly validated for the CYP3A4-mediated N-demethylation pathway of ketamine and applied to the determination of its kinetic parameters and the inhibition characteristics in presence of ketoconazole and dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 228-243 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 50-56 26261523-4 2015 In addition, the down-regulation of AQP1 was also reversed by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 62-65 aquaporin 1 Rattus norvegicus 36-40 26221485-7 2015 Inhibiting the protein expression of MCP7, PAR2, P-JAK, P-STAT1, and P-STAT3 proved the protective effect of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 109-124 tryptase alpha/beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 37-41 26221485-7 2015 Inhibiting the protein expression of MCP7, PAR2, P-JAK, P-STAT1, and P-STAT3 proved the protective effect of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 109-124 F2R like trypsin receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 43-47 25613736-0 2015 Dexmedetomidine on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats: assessment by means of NGAL and histology. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 lipocalin 2 Rattus norvegicus 85-89 25963365-6 2015 DEX can reduce inflammatory cytokines, inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathways, suppress the activation of caspase-3, furthermore decrease oxidative stress and inhibit NO synthase. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 116-125 25929655-8 2015 RESULTS: Compared with CLP group, dexmedetomidine significantly decreased not only the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 both in plasma and BALF, but also inhibited the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in mRNA level and the activation of ERK1/2 and NF-kappaB in the lung tissues of CLP-induced septic rats. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 101-110 25929655-8 2015 RESULTS: Compared with CLP group, dexmedetomidine significantly decreased not only the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 both in plasma and BALF, but also inhibited the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in mRNA level and the activation of ERK1/2 and NF-kappaB in the lung tissues of CLP-induced septic rats. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 115-119 25929655-8 2015 RESULTS: Compared with CLP group, dexmedetomidine significantly decreased not only the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 both in plasma and BALF, but also inhibited the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in mRNA level and the activation of ERK1/2 and NF-kappaB in the lung tissues of CLP-induced septic rats. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 182-186 25929655-8 2015 RESULTS: Compared with CLP group, dexmedetomidine significantly decreased not only the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 both in plasma and BALF, but also inhibited the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in mRNA level and the activation of ERK1/2 and NF-kappaB in the lung tissues of CLP-induced septic rats. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 191-196 25929655-8 2015 RESULTS: Compared with CLP group, dexmedetomidine significantly decreased not only the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 both in plasma and BALF, but also inhibited the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in mRNA level and the activation of ERK1/2 and NF-kappaB in the lung tissues of CLP-induced septic rats. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 233-239 25929655-11 2015 These effects of dexmedetomidine rely on TLR4/MyD88/MAPK/ NF-kappaB signaling pathway and are independent of alpha2-adrenoceptor. Dexmedetomidine 17-32 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 25929655-11 2015 These effects of dexmedetomidine rely on TLR4/MyD88/MAPK/ NF-kappaB signaling pathway and are independent of alpha2-adrenoceptor. Dexmedetomidine 17-32 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 46-51 25655994-12 2015 Mechanistically, Dex treatment significantly increased phosphorylated Akt (P < 0.05), but protective effects of Dex were eliminated by an alpha-2a antagonist or Akt inhibitor (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 17-20 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 70-73 25655994-12 2015 Mechanistically, Dex treatment significantly increased phosphorylated Akt (P < 0.05), but protective effects of Dex were eliminated by an alpha-2a antagonist or Akt inhibitor (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 17-20 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 164-167 25655994-12 2015 Mechanistically, Dex treatment significantly increased phosphorylated Akt (P < 0.05), but protective effects of Dex were eliminated by an alpha-2a antagonist or Akt inhibitor (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 115-118 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 141-149 25655994-12 2015 Mechanistically, Dex treatment significantly increased phosphorylated Akt (P < 0.05), but protective effects of Dex were eliminated by an alpha-2a antagonist or Akt inhibitor (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 115-118 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 164-167 25655994-14 2015 Dex preserves neuronal viability and decreases apoptosis in an Akt-dependent fashion. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 63-66 25082544-10 2015 DISCUSSION: Dexmedetomidine attenuates NO and iNOS accumulation by inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in both BV2 cells and primary microglial cells. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 46-50 25638740-0 2015 A comparison of dexmedetomidine and placebo on the plasma concentrations of NGF, BDNF, GDNF, and epinephrine during severe alcohol withdrawal. Dexmedetomidine 16-31 nerve growth factor Homo sapiens 76-79 25583636-11 2015 In conclusion, DMED dose-dependently inhibits INa and IACh in rat SCG neurons by preferential binding to the inactivated state of the Na(+) channels and the closed state (resting) of nAChR channels respectively. Dexmedetomidine 15-19 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 183-188 25583636-13 2015 Furthermore, the nAChR channels in rat SCG neurons are much more sensitive to inhibition by DMED than Na(+) channels. Dexmedetomidine 92-96 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 17-22 26064392-8 2015 Compared to control group, Dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited the increase of post-operative IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 27-42 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 98-102 26064392-8 2015 Compared to control group, Dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited the increase of post-operative IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 27-42 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 107-116 25761941-0 2015 Dexmedetomidine inhibits Tetrodotoxin-resistant Nav1.8 sodium channel activity through Gi/o-dependent pathway in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10 Rattus norvegicus 48-54 25761941-5 2015 We, therefore, investigated the effects of DEX on the Nav1.8 currents in acutely dissociated small-diameter DRG neurons. Dexmedetomidine 43-46 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10 Rattus norvegicus 54-60 25761941-6 2015 RESULTS: Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that DEX concentration-dependently suppressed TTX-R Nav1.8 currents in small-diameter lumbar DRG neurons. Dexmedetomidine 61-64 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10 Rattus norvegicus 108-114 25761941-7 2015 DEX also shifted the steady-state inactivation curves of Nav1.8 in a hyperpolarizing direction and increased the threshold of action potential and decrease electrical and chemical stimuli-evoked firings in small-diameter DRG neurons. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10 Rattus norvegicus 57-63 25761941-8 2015 The alpha2-AR antagonist yohimbine or alpha2A-AR antagonist BRL44408 but not alpha2B-AR antagonist imiloxan blocked the inhibition of Nav1.8 currents by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 153-156 adrenoceptor alpha 2A Rattus norvegicus 38-48 25761941-8 2015 The alpha2-AR antagonist yohimbine or alpha2A-AR antagonist BRL44408 but not alpha2B-AR antagonist imiloxan blocked the inhibition of Nav1.8 currents by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 153-156 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10 Rattus norvegicus 134-140 25761941-10 2015 Our electrophysiological recordings also demonstrated that DEX-induced inhibition of Nav1.8 currents was prevented by intracellular application of G-protein inhibitor GDPbeta-s or Gi/o proteins inhibitor pertussis toxin (PTX), and bath application of adenylate cyclase (AC) activator forskolin or membrane-permeable cAMP analogue 8-Bromo-cAMP (8-Br-cAMP). Dexmedetomidine 59-62 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10 Rattus norvegicus 85-91 25761941-11 2015 PKA inhibitor Rp-cAMP could mimic DEX-induced inhibition of Nav1.8 currents. Dexmedetomidine 34-37 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10 Rattus norvegicus 60-66 25761941-12 2015 CONCLUSIONS: We established a functional link between alpha2-AR and Nav1.8 in primary sensory neurons utilizing the Gi/o/AC/cAMP/PKA pathway, which probably mediating peripheral analgesia of DEX. Dexmedetomidine 191-194 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10 Rattus norvegicus 68-74 26045831-0 2015 Effects of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on heme oxygenase-1 expression and oxidative stress during one-lung ventilation. Dexmedetomidine 11-26 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 43-59 26045831-1 2015 PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore effects of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and oxidative stress during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in lung cancer patients. Dexmedetomidine 48-63 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 80-96 26045831-1 2015 PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore effects of dexmedetomidine pretreatment on heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression and oxidative stress during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in lung cancer patients. Dexmedetomidine 48-63 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 26045831-5 2015 Levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in Dexmedetomidine group were lower than that of Control at OLV 60 and 90 (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 73-88 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 10-31 26045831-5 2015 Levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in Dexmedetomidine group were lower than that of Control at OLV 60 and 90 (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 73-88 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 33-42 26045831-6 2015 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the expression level of HO-1 were higher in Dexmedetomidine group than in Control (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 84-99 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 26045831-7 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine pretreatment could upregulated expression of HO-1 in lung tissue and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation during OLV. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 26045831-8 2015 Thus dexmedetomidine played a role in protecting lung injury by promoting HO-1 expression. Dexmedetomidine 5-20 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 25456116-12 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine has been shown to reduce surgical stresses and maintain Th1/Th2 balance. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 85-88 25082544-0 2015 Dexmedetomidine inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia by suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 25-56 25082544-0 2015 Dexmedetomidine inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated microglia by suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 118-155 25082544-7 2015 RESULTS: Dexmedetomidine significantly attenuated LPS-induced NO production and iNOS expression in both BV2 cells and primary microglial cells. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 80-84 25082544-8 2015 Lipopolysaccharide activated both ERK1/2 and JNK signal pathways; however, DEX exerted a specific inhibitory effect on ERK1/2 rather than JNK. Dexmedetomidine 75-78 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 34-40 25082544-8 2015 Lipopolysaccharide activated both ERK1/2 and JNK signal pathways; however, DEX exerted a specific inhibitory effect on ERK1/2 rather than JNK. Dexmedetomidine 75-78 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 45-48 25082544-8 2015 Lipopolysaccharide activated both ERK1/2 and JNK signal pathways; however, DEX exerted a specific inhibitory effect on ERK1/2 rather than JNK. Dexmedetomidine 75-78 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 119-125 25082544-8 2015 Lipopolysaccharide activated both ERK1/2 and JNK signal pathways; however, DEX exerted a specific inhibitory effect on ERK1/2 rather than JNK. Dexmedetomidine 75-78 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 138-141 25082544-9 2015 Intriguingly, treatment of primary microglia and BV2 cells with DEX in combination with ERK1/2 inhibitor (PD98059) enhanced attenuation of LPS-induced NO production and iNOS expression. Dexmedetomidine 64-67 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 169-173 25638740-2 2015 This study evaluated dexmedetomidine (DEX) on NGF, BDNF, GDNF, and EPI in severe alcohol withdrawal and related their plasma concentrations to DEX concentrations. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 nerve growth factor Homo sapiens 46-49 25638740-2 2015 This study evaluated dexmedetomidine (DEX) on NGF, BDNF, GDNF, and EPI in severe alcohol withdrawal and related their plasma concentrations to DEX concentrations. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 51-55 25638740-2 2015 This study evaluated dexmedetomidine (DEX) on NGF, BDNF, GDNF, and EPI in severe alcohol withdrawal and related their plasma concentrations to DEX concentrations. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 glial cell derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 57-61 25638740-2 2015 This study evaluated dexmedetomidine (DEX) on NGF, BDNF, GDNF, and EPI in severe alcohol withdrawal and related their plasma concentrations to DEX concentrations. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 nerve growth factor Homo sapiens 46-49 25638740-2 2015 This study evaluated dexmedetomidine (DEX) on NGF, BDNF, GDNF, and EPI in severe alcohol withdrawal and related their plasma concentrations to DEX concentrations. Dexmedetomidine 38-41 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 51-55 25392341-0 2015 The dose-related effects of dexmedetomidine on renal functions and serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin values after coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled study. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 lipocalin 2 Homo sapiens 73-115 25392341-5 2015 The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is a dose-dependent positive effect of Dexmedetomidine on neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels and renal functions when used after CABG. Dexmedetomidine 93-108 lipocalin 2 Homo sapiens 112-154 25392341-14 2015 However, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels for the first postoperative day for placebo, low-dose and high-dose Dexmedetomidine groups were 176.8 +- 145.9, 97.7 +- 63.4 and 67.3 +- 10.9 ng/ml, respectively. Dexmedetomidine 127-142 lipocalin 2 Homo sapiens 9-51 25082544-10 2015 DISCUSSION: Dexmedetomidine attenuates NO and iNOS accumulation by inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in both BV2 cells and primary microglial cells. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 78-115 25082544-10 2015 DISCUSSION: Dexmedetomidine attenuates NO and iNOS accumulation by inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in both BV2 cells and primary microglial cells. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 117-120 25466829-0 2015 Dexmedetomidine alleviates rat post-ischemia induced allodynia through GRK2 upregulation in superior cervical ganglia. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 71-75 25454921-4 2015 We hypothesize that alpha-2 agonism with dexmedetomidine increases glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor in spinal cord astrocytes to provide spinal cord protection. Dexmedetomidine 41-56 glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 67-110 25454921-8 2015 RESULTS: Spinal cord primary astrocytes treated with dexmedetomidine at 1 mumol/L and 10 mumol/L had significantly increased glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor production compared with control (P < .05). Dexmedetomidine 53-68 glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 125-168 25454921-10 2015 Glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor neutralizing antibody eliminated the protective effects of the dexmedetomidine-treated astrocyte media (P < .05). Dexmedetomidine 107-122 glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor Mus musculus 0-43 25529146-7 2015 The anti-apoptosis effect of Dex was exhibited only in Cx32-expressing HeLa cells. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 gap junction protein beta 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 25529146-8 2015 One hour Dex exposure inhibited GJ function mainly via a decrease in Cx32 protein levels in NRK-52E cells. Dexmedetomidine 9-12 gap junction protein, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 69-73 25529146-9 2015 SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggest that Dex reduced H/R-induced apoptosis through the inhibition of GJ activity by reducing Cx32 protein levels. Dexmedetomidine 36-39 gap junction protein, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 120-124 25769330-10 2015 The levels of TNF-alpha, NSE, and IL-6 in the dexmedetomidine group were significantly reduced compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 46-61 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 14-23 25769330-10 2015 The levels of TNF-alpha, NSE, and IL-6 in the dexmedetomidine group were significantly reduced compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 46-61 enolase 2 Homo sapiens 25-28 25769330-10 2015 The levels of TNF-alpha, NSE, and IL-6 in the dexmedetomidine group were significantly reduced compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine 46-61 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 34-38 25466829-2 2015 Here, we investigated the effects of selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine (DMED) on GRK2 expression in superior cervical ganglion (SCG) in a rat model of complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I). Dexmedetomidine 75-90 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 101-105 25466829-2 2015 Here, we investigated the effects of selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine (DMED) on GRK2 expression in superior cervical ganglion (SCG) in a rat model of complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS-I). Dexmedetomidine 92-96 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 101-105 25466829-5 2015 Following daily injection of 10 mug/kg of DMED for a maximum of 7 days, the ipsilateral PWTs on days 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21 after DMED administration were significantly higher than those in control group; the GRK2 protein and mRNA expressions in the ipsilateral SCGs were also significantly upregulated; the ipsilateral cold allodynia scores were significantly reduced. Dexmedetomidine 42-46 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 206-210 25466829-6 2015 No significant differences were found in the contralateral 50%PWTs, cold allodynia scores, and GRK2 protein level except GRK2 mRNA levels increased significantly on days 1 to 7 after DMED administration. Dexmedetomidine 183-187 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 121-125 25967975-9 2015 In addition, dexmedetomidine preconditioning suppressed I/R-induced increase in MMP-9. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 80-85 25967975-10 2015 Finally, Dexmedetomidine preconditioning enhanced the Ang1-Tie2 system activity after spinal cord I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 angiopoietin 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-58 25967975-10 2015 Finally, Dexmedetomidine preconditioning enhanced the Ang1-Tie2 system activity after spinal cord I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 TEK receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 59-63 25967975-11 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning stabilized the BSCB integrity against spinal cord I/R injury by inhibition of MMP-9, and enhancing the Ang1-Tie2 system. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 123-128 25967975-11 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning stabilized the BSCB integrity against spinal cord I/R injury by inhibition of MMP-9, and enhancing the Ang1-Tie2 system. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 angiopoietin 1 Rattus norvegicus 148-152 25967975-11 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning stabilized the BSCB integrity against spinal cord I/R injury by inhibition of MMP-9, and enhancing the Ang1-Tie2 system. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 TEK receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 153-157 25149586-7 2014 Propofol was associated with lower IL (interleukin)-6 and IL-1beta expression, whereas dexmedetomidine led to reduced inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in lung tissue compared to thiopental sodium. Dexmedetomidine 87-102 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 142-146 26273145-10 2015 Our study indicated the protective effects of DEX on CLP-induced injury, which may be associated with the inhibition of inflammation via modulating TLR4 pathway and can be blocked by yohimbine. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 148-152 25653737-7 2015 Moreover, administration of dexmedetomidine induced downregulation of IL-1beta on mRNA and protein level in the developing rat brain. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 70-78 25838866-6 2015 RESULTS: Upregulation of cleaved-caspases 3 and 9 and BAX and downregulation of Bcl-2, p-mTOR, and E-cadherin were found following H2O2 treatment, and all of these were reversed by Dex. Dexmedetomidine 181-184 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 25-57 25838866-7 2015 Dex also prevented the ROS generation, cytochrome C release, and cell cycle arrest induced by H2O2. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 39-51 26671782-1 2015 INTRODUCTION: Dexmedetomidine is an alpha2-agonist recently proposed as a potentially ideal drug for sedation during the surgical treatment of Parkinson"s disease (PD). Dexmedetomidine 14-29 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 36-42 25622744-15 2014 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning attenuate remote lung injury of lower limb ischemia-reperfusion, and the mechanism may be related to down-regulation of monocytes TLR4 expression and degradation of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha level. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 174-178 25622744-15 2014 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning attenuate remote lung injury of lower limb ischemia-reperfusion, and the mechanism may be related to down-regulation of monocytes TLR4 expression and degradation of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha level. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 209-213 25622744-15 2014 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning attenuate remote lung injury of lower limb ischemia-reperfusion, and the mechanism may be related to down-regulation of monocytes TLR4 expression and degradation of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha level. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 215-219 25622744-15 2014 CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning attenuate remote lung injury of lower limb ischemia-reperfusion, and the mechanism may be related to down-regulation of monocytes TLR4 expression and degradation of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha level. Dexmedetomidine 12-27 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 224-233 26273145-7 2015 In DEX group, mortality was lower, histology change was minor, DAO, and D-lactate levels were reduced, and occludin expression was increased; the expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and TLR4 were also decreased in DEX group. Dexmedetomidine 3-6 D-amino-acid oxidase Rattus norvegicus 63-66 26273145-7 2015 In DEX group, mortality was lower, histology change was minor, DAO, and D-lactate levels were reduced, and occludin expression was increased; the expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and TLR4 were also decreased in DEX group. Dexmedetomidine 3-6 occludin Rattus norvegicus 107-115 26273145-7 2015 In DEX group, mortality was lower, histology change was minor, DAO, and D-lactate levels were reduced, and occludin expression was increased; the expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and TLR4 were also decreased in DEX group. Dexmedetomidine 3-6 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 161-170 26273145-7 2015 In DEX group, mortality was lower, histology change was minor, DAO, and D-lactate levels were reduced, and occludin expression was increased; the expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and TLR4 were also decreased in DEX group. Dexmedetomidine 3-6 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 172-180 26273145-7 2015 In DEX group, mortality was lower, histology change was minor, DAO, and D-lactate levels were reduced, and occludin expression was increased; the expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and TLR4 were also decreased in DEX group. Dexmedetomidine 3-6 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 182-186 26273145-7 2015 In DEX group, mortality was lower, histology change was minor, DAO, and D-lactate levels were reduced, and occludin expression was increased; the expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and TLR4 were also decreased in DEX group. Dexmedetomidine 3-6 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 192-196 25224579-0 2014 Dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinase phosphorylation through activation of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway in the isolated endothelium-denuded rat aorta. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Rattus norvegicus 114-128 25224579-1 2014 Vasoconstriction induced by dexmedetomidine, a highly selective alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist, mainly involves c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation in the isolated endothelium-denuded aorta. Dexmedetomidine 28-43 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 138-141 25224579-2 2014 We carried out an in vitro study to determine the main arachidonic acid metabolic pathway that is involved in dexmedetomidine-induced JNK activation. Dexmedetomidine 110-125 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 134-137 25224579-5 2014 The effect of dexmedetomidine on 5-LOX and COX-2 expression was investigated in vascular smooth muscle cells. Dexmedetomidine 14-29 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 43-48 25224579-9 2014 SP600125, rauwolscine, quinacrine dihydrochloride, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, AA-861, phenidone and GF 109203X attenuated dexmedetomidine-induced JNK phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 122-137 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 146-149 25224579-10 2014 5-LOX and COX-2 were upregulated by dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 36-51 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 10-15 25224579-11 2014 Thus, dexmedetomidine-induced alpha-2 adrenoceptor-mediated contraction is mediated mainly by 5-LOX and partially by COX-2, which leads to JNK phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 6-21 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 117-122 25224579-11 2014 Thus, dexmedetomidine-induced alpha-2 adrenoceptor-mediated contraction is mediated mainly by 5-LOX and partially by COX-2, which leads to JNK phosphorylation. Dexmedetomidine 6-21 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 139-142 24854521-0 2014 Dexmedetomidine suppresses long-term potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 field of anesthetized rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 69-72 25149586-7 2014 Propofol was associated with lower IL (interleukin)-6 and IL-1beta expression, whereas dexmedetomidine led to reduced inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in lung tissue compared to thiopental sodium. Dexmedetomidine 87-102 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 162-205 25149586-7 2014 Propofol was associated with lower IL (interleukin)-6 and IL-1beta expression, whereas dexmedetomidine led to reduced inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression in lung tissue compared to thiopental sodium. Dexmedetomidine 87-102 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 207-211 24998873-8 2014 Dexmedetomidine(0.1-10 muM) inhibited HCN1 and HCN2 channel currents in HEK 293 cells, caused a decrease of maximal currents, an increase of inhibition rate of hyperpolarization-activated currents (Ih), and a negative shift in V1/2. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 24998873-8 2014 Dexmedetomidine(0.1-10 muM) inhibited HCN1 and HCN2 channel currents in HEK 293 cells, caused a decrease of maximal currents, an increase of inhibition rate of hyperpolarization-activated currents (Ih), and a negative shift in V1/2. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium and sodium channel 2 Homo sapiens 47-51 25041263-15 2014 Dexmedetomidine alone caused a small but statistically insignificant increase in neuronal apoptosis of the CA1 region and the dentate gyrus of neonatal rats compared with normal saline. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 107-110 24803295-11 2014 Preemptive administration of dexmedetomidine significantly attenuated the cytokine response after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced endotoxemia (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, P<0.01, respectively). Dexmedetomidine 29-44 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 144-153 24803295-11 2014 Preemptive administration of dexmedetomidine significantly attenuated the cytokine response after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced endotoxemia (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, P<0.01, respectively). Dexmedetomidine 29-44 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 155-163 24803295-11 2014 Preemptive administration of dexmedetomidine significantly attenuated the cytokine response after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced endotoxemia (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, P<0.01, respectively). Dexmedetomidine 29-44 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 165-169 25069417-0 2014 Dexmedetomidine suppresses interleukin-1beta-induced interleukin-6 synthesis in rat glial cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 27-44 25069417-0 2014 Dexmedetomidine suppresses interleukin-1beta-induced interleukin-6 synthesis in rat glial cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 53-66 25069417-6 2014 In the present study, we investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on the IL-1beta-induced IL-6 synthesis in C6 cells. Dexmedetomidine 53-68 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 76-84 25069417-6 2014 In the present study, we investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on the IL-1beta-induced IL-6 synthesis in C6 cells. Dexmedetomidine 53-68 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 93-97 25069417-7 2014 Dexmedetomidine inhibited the IL-1beta-stimulated IL-6 release and mRNA expression in C6 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 30-38 25069417-7 2014 Dexmedetomidine inhibited the IL-1beta-stimulated IL-6 release and mRNA expression in C6 cells. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 50-54 25069417-12 2014 Our findings strongly suggest that dexmedetomidine inhibits the IL-1beta-induced IL-6 synthesis independently of the adenylyl cyclase-cAMP pathway through alpha2-adrenoceptors in C6 glioma cells. Dexmedetomidine 35-50 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 64-72 25069417-12 2014 Our findings strongly suggest that dexmedetomidine inhibits the IL-1beta-induced IL-6 synthesis independently of the adenylyl cyclase-cAMP pathway through alpha2-adrenoceptors in C6 glioma cells. Dexmedetomidine 35-50 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 81-85 25069417-13 2014 It is possible that dexmedetomidine may affect the immune system in the CNS by regulating the production of IL-6. Dexmedetomidine 20-35 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 108-112 25332685-0 2014 Dexmedetomidine-induced contraction involves phosphorylation of caldesmon by JNK in endothelium-denuded rat aortas. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 77-80 25332685-7 2014 The effects of GF109203X (a PKC inhibitor) on DMT- or PDBu-induced JNK phosphorylation in VSMCs were assessed. Dexmedetomidine 46-49 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 67-70 25332685-11 2014 Additionally, PDBu induced caldesmon phosphorylation, and GF109203X attenuated the JNK phosphorylation induced by DMT or PDBu. Dexmedetomidine 114-117 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 83-86 25332685-13 2014 These results suggest that alpha-2 adrenoceptor-mediated, DMT-induced contraction involves caldesmon phosphorylation that is mediated by JNK phosphorylation by PKC. Dexmedetomidine 58-61 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 137-140 24803295-15 2014 These findings show that central alpha-2 agonist dexmedetomidine suppresses systemic inflammation through vagal- and alpha7nAChR-dependent mechanism. Dexmedetomidine 49-64 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 117-128 25356140-5 2014 RESULTS: 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery, the latency to escape in Dexmedetomidine+Dezocine group was significantly shorter than that in Dezocine group, and the number of cells positive for neuroglobin or norepinephrine in the CAL region of hippocampus of Dexmedetomidine+Dezocine group was also markedly higher than that of Dezocine group (P < 0.05). Dexmedetomidine 254-269 neuroglobin Rattus norvegicus 188-199 25356140-6 2014 CONCLUSION: Surgery and anesthesia have influence on the cognition of rats to a certain degree, and dexmedetomidine combined with dezocine can effectively improve the impaired cognition due to surgery and anesthesia, which may be attributed to the increase in the protective neuroglobin and norepinephrine in the hippocampus. Dexmedetomidine 100-115 neuroglobin Rattus norvegicus 275-286 24876058-0 2014 Dexmedetomidine increases the activity of excitatory amino acid transporter type 3 expressed in Xenopus oocytes: the involvement of protein kinase C and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha L homeolog Xenopus laevis 153-182 24876058-1 2014 Dexmedetomidine, an alpha2 adrenergic agonist, has neuroprotective and anticonvulsant properties in addition to its sedative and anxiolytic effects. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 MGC75582, possible similarity to act2 S homeolog Xenopus laevis 20-26 24876058-2 2014 We hypothesized that dexmedetomidine would increase the activity of excitatory amino acid transporter type 3 (EAAT3) and that this effect would involve protein kinase C (PKC) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), two protein kinases known to regulate EAAT3 activity. Dexmedetomidine 21-36 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha L homeolog Xenopus laevis 179-208 25491680-13 2014 TNF-alpha levels were significantly lower in the ketamine and dexmedetomidine groups compared to the control group. Dexmedetomidine 62-77 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 0-9 25026397-12 2014 Our results indicate that the JNK and p38 pathways, not the ERK pathway are involved in dexmedetomidine-induced neuroprotection against isoflurane effects. Dexmedetomidine 88-103 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 30-33 25026397-0 2014 Both JNK and P38 MAPK pathways participate in the protection by dexmedetomidine against isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 64-79 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 5-8 25026397-0 2014 Both JNK and P38 MAPK pathways participate in the protection by dexmedetomidine against isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 64-79 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 13-16 25026397-9 2014 Dexmedetomidine pretreatment inhibited isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis and restored proteins expression of MAPK pathways and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio after isoflurane exposure. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 131-136 25026397-9 2014 Dexmedetomidine pretreatment inhibited isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis and restored proteins expression of MAPK pathways and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio after isoflurane exposure. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 137-140 24805080-8 2014 The alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist dexmedetomidine (DMT) inhibited cNST-evoked excitatory currents as well as spontaneous and miniature excitatory currents through presynaptic mechanisms. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 consortin, connexin sorting protein Rattus norvegicus 66-70 24805080-8 2014 The alpha2-adrenoreceptor agonist dexmedetomidine (DMT) inhibited cNST-evoked excitatory currents as well as spontaneous and miniature excitatory currents through presynaptic mechanisms. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 consortin, connexin sorting protein Rattus norvegicus 66-70 24773263-6 2014 Dexmedetomidine infusion also suppressed the rise in mean (SD) interleukin-6 levels after cardiopulmonary bypass (a rise of 124.5 (72.0) pg ml(-1) vs. 65.3 (30.9) pg ml(-1)). Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 63-76 25010612-7 2014 CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that anti-apoptosis effect contributes to the renoprotection of dexmedetomidine, via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway partially. Dexmedetomidine 94-109 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 126-130 25010612-7 2014 CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that anti-apoptosis effect contributes to the renoprotection of dexmedetomidine, via inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway partially. Dexmedetomidine 94-109 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 131-136 25026397-12 2014 Our results indicate that the JNK and p38 pathways, not the ERK pathway are involved in dexmedetomidine-induced neuroprotection against isoflurane effects. Dexmedetomidine 88-103 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 38-41 24792496-10 2014 Intraperitoneal injections of DEX 40mug/kg for 14 consecutive days markedly reversed the SNI-induced decline of MWT; the activation of microglia was markedly inhibited; in addition, the protein expressions of P2X4Rs, p-p38-MAPK and BDNF were significantly downregulated. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 219-222 24792496-10 2014 Intraperitoneal injections of DEX 40mug/kg for 14 consecutive days markedly reversed the SNI-induced decline of MWT; the activation of microglia was markedly inhibited; in addition, the protein expressions of P2X4Rs, p-p38-MAPK and BDNF were significantly downregulated. Dexmedetomidine 30-33 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 232-236 24792496-11 2014 Thus, DEX could attenuate the neuropathic pain in SNI rats, of which the mechanism might be related to the down-expressed P2X4Rs, p-p38 and BDNF in microglia of spinal dorsal horn. Dexmedetomidine 6-9 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 132-135 24792496-11 2014 Thus, DEX could attenuate the neuropathic pain in SNI rats, of which the mechanism might be related to the down-expressed P2X4Rs, p-p38 and BDNF in microglia of spinal dorsal horn. Dexmedetomidine 6-9 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 140-144 24771805-7 2014 RESULTS: DAO activity was lower in the dexmedetomidine group than in the control group at 6 and 24 h after liver reperfusion [9.77 (1.07) vs14.29 (1.43) units ml(-1), P=0.021; 9.67 (0.98) vs 13.97 (1.31) units ml(-1), P=0.017]. Dexmedetomidine 39-54 amine oxidase copper containing 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 24429914-0 2014 Dexmedetomidine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated astrocytes by suppression of c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 57-70 24429914-0 2014 Dexmedetomidine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated astrocytes by suppression of c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 133-138 24429914-4 2014 This study was designed to evaluate the effects of DEX on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene expressions in LPS-challenged astrocytes. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 87-96 24429914-4 2014 This study was designed to evaluate the effects of DEX on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene expressions in LPS-challenged astrocytes. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 102-115 24429914-4 2014 This study was designed to evaluate the effects of DEX on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) gene expressions in LPS-challenged astrocytes. Dexmedetomidine 51-54 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 117-121 24429914-7 2014 With real-time PCR assay, we found that LPS significantly increased expressions of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in mRNA level; however, these effects could be attenuated by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 163-166 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 83-92 24429914-7 2014 With real-time PCR assay, we found that LPS significantly increased expressions of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in mRNA level; however, these effects could be attenuated by DEX. Dexmedetomidine 163-166 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 97-101 24429914-8 2014 Furthermore, JNK pathway might be involved in LPS-induced astrocyte activation because JNK phosphorylation was significantly increased, and the inhibition of this pathway mediated by DEX as well as SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) decreased TNF-alpha and IL-6 expressions. Dexmedetomidine 183-186 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 13-16 24429914-8 2014 Furthermore, JNK pathway might be involved in LPS-induced astrocyte activation because JNK phosphorylation was significantly increased, and the inhibition of this pathway mediated by DEX as well as SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) decreased TNF-alpha and IL-6 expressions. Dexmedetomidine 183-186 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 233-242 24429914-8 2014 Furthermore, JNK pathway might be involved in LPS-induced astrocyte activation because JNK phosphorylation was significantly increased, and the inhibition of this pathway mediated by DEX as well as SP600125 (JNK inhibitor) decreased TNF-alpha and IL-6 expressions. Dexmedetomidine 183-186 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 247-251 24746595-7 2014 INTERVENTIONS: All 1,000 patients were considered as potential candidates for extubation in the operating room after cardiac surgery and managed by a combination of general anesthesia and neuraxial analgesia with a mixture of caudal morphine and dexmedetomidine, and extubation in the operating room was attempted after completion of the surgical procedure. Dexmedetomidine 246-261 ALL1 Homo sapiens 15-20 24429914-10 2014 These results, taken together, suggest that JNK rather than p38 MAPK signal pathway, provides the potential target for the therapeutic effects of DEX for neuronal inflammatory reactions. Dexmedetomidine 146-149 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 44-47 24429914-10 2014 These results, taken together, suggest that JNK rather than p38 MAPK signal pathway, provides the potential target for the therapeutic effects of DEX for neuronal inflammatory reactions. Dexmedetomidine 146-149 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 60-63 25010612-6 2014 RESULTS: The animals treated with dexmedetomidine improved renal functional recovery, especially reducing the level of serum Cystatin C and NGAL at early time after ischemia, attenuated histological lesions, reduced tubular epithelial apoptosis and inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and its downstream molecule STAT3, contributing to ameliorating renal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 cystatin C Rattus norvegicus 125-135 25010612-6 2014 RESULTS: The animals treated with dexmedetomidine improved renal functional recovery, especially reducing the level of serum Cystatin C and NGAL at early time after ischemia, attenuated histological lesions, reduced tubular epithelial apoptosis and inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and its downstream molecule STAT3, contributing to ameliorating renal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 lipocalin 2 Rattus norvegicus 140-144 25010612-6 2014 RESULTS: The animals treated with dexmedetomidine improved renal functional recovery, especially reducing the level of serum Cystatin C and NGAL at early time after ischemia, attenuated histological lesions, reduced tubular epithelial apoptosis and inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and its downstream molecule STAT3, contributing to ameliorating renal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 Janus kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 282-286 25010612-6 2014 RESULTS: The animals treated with dexmedetomidine improved renal functional recovery, especially reducing the level of serum Cystatin C and NGAL at early time after ischemia, attenuated histological lesions, reduced tubular epithelial apoptosis and inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK2 and its downstream molecule STAT3, contributing to ameliorating renal I/R injury. Dexmedetomidine 34-49 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 315-320 24856796-1 2014 STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines and their ratio during and after surgery. Dexmedetomidine 47-62 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 78-81 24856796-8 2014 MAIN RESULTS: The dexmedetomidine group displayed higher levels of IFN-gamma at T1 and T2 (42.30 pg/dL vs 6.91 pg/dL at T1 [P = 0.025]; 40.51 pg/dL vs 8.29 pg/dL at T2 [P = 0.030]) than the saline group. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 67-76 24856796-8 2014 MAIN RESULTS: The dexmedetomidine group displayed higher levels of IFN-gamma at T1 and T2 (42.30 pg/dL vs 6.91 pg/dL at T1 [P = 0.025]; 40.51 pg/dL vs 8.29 pg/dL at T2 [P = 0.030]) than the saline group. Dexmedetomidine 18-33 interleukin 1 receptor like 1 Homo sapiens 80-89 24856796-9 2014 The dexmedetomidine group was also associated with higher ratios of IFN-gamma/IL-4 (1.22 vs 0.32, respectively, at T1 [P = 0.012]; 1.53 vs 0.13, respectively, at T2 [P = 0.012]). Dexmedetomidine 4-19 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 68-77 24856796-9 2014 The dexmedetomidine group was also associated with higher ratios of IFN-gamma/IL-4 (1.22 vs 0.32, respectively, at T1 [P = 0.012]; 1.53 vs 0.13, respectively, at T2 [P = 0.012]). Dexmedetomidine 4-19 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 78-82 24856796-10 2014 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine plays an immunomodulatory role, shifting the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance toward Th1 in patients with surgical and anesthetic stress. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 74-77 24856796-10 2014 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine plays an immunomodulatory role, shifting the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance toward Th1 in patients with surgical and anesthetic stress. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 106-109 25505591-11 2014 Dex decreased blood pressure more than fadolmidine, ameliorated I/R-induced impairment of autophagy and increased renal p38 and eNOS expressions. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 120-123 25505591-12 2014 Dex downregulated 245 and upregulated 61 genes representing 17 enriched Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, in particular, integrin pathway and CD44. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Rattus norvegicus 165-169 25505591-14 2014 Dex preconditioning ameliorates kidney I/R injury and inflammatory response, at least in part, through p38-CD44-pathway and possibly also through ischemic preconditioning. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 103-106 25505591-14 2014 Dex preconditioning ameliorates kidney I/R injury and inflammatory response, at least in part, through p38-CD44-pathway and possibly also through ischemic preconditioning. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Rattus norvegicus 107-111 24448513-0 2014 Locally injected dexmedetomidine induces vasoconstriction via peripheral alpha-2A adrenoceptor subtype in guinea pigs. Dexmedetomidine 17-32 alpha-2A adrenergic receptor Cavia porcellus 73-94 24743508-0 2014 Dexmedetomidine reduces isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis partly by preserving PI3K/Akt pathway in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 84-87 24743508-10 2014 Dexmedetomidine pretreatment dose-dependently inhibited isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis and restored protein expression of phospho-Akt and Bad as well as the Bcl-xL/Bad ratio induced by isoflurane. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 133-136 24743508-10 2014 Dexmedetomidine pretreatment dose-dependently inhibited isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis and restored protein expression of phospho-Akt and Bad as well as the Bcl-xL/Bad ratio induced by isoflurane. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 Bcl2-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 160-166 24743508-13 2014 Our results suggest that dexmedetomidine pretreatment provides neuroprotection against isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus of neonatal rats by preserving PI3K/Akt pathway activity. Dexmedetomidine 25-40 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 176-179 23850057-2 2014 The alpha 2a adrenergic receptor agonist, dexmedetomidine, has been shown to preserve neurologic function and neuronal viability in a murine model of spinal cord ischemia reperfusion, although the mechanism remains elusive. Dexmedetomidine 42-57 adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a Mus musculus 4-32 23850057-15 2014 Treatment with dexmedetomidine significantly attenuated microglial activation and proinflammatory cytokine production in vitro with a greater than twofold reduction in tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Dexmedetomidine 15-30 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 168-195 24417761-10 2014 CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine may be beneficial in protecting against contrast-induced nephropathy during pediatric angiography by preventing the elevation of vasoconstrictor agents such as plasma endothelin-1 and renin. Dexmedetomidine 13-28 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 196-218 24658263-9 2014 Dex or Ropi displayed a short-term analgesia in a dose-dependent manner, and consecutive daily administrations of their combination showed synergistic analgesia and remarkably down-regulated neuronal and astrocytic activations indicated by decreases in the number of Fos-ir neurons and the GFAP expression within the SDH, respectively. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 267-270 24658263-9 2014 Dex or Ropi displayed a short-term analgesia in a dose-dependent manner, and consecutive daily administrations of their combination showed synergistic analgesia and remarkably down-regulated neuronal and astrocytic activations indicated by decreases in the number of Fos-ir neurons and the GFAP expression within the SDH, respectively. Dexmedetomidine 0-3 glial fibrillary acidic protein Rattus norvegicus 290-294 24663080-4 2014 Dexmedetomidine reduced the sciatic nerve levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha at both the mRNA and protein level. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 52-56 24663080-4 2014 Dexmedetomidine reduced the sciatic nerve levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha at both the mRNA and protein level. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 61-70 24448513-1 2014 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recent research shows that locally injected dexmedetomidine enhances the local anesthetic potency of lidocaine via the alpha-2A adrenoceptor subtype in guinea pigs. Dexmedetomidine 71-86 alpha-2A adrenergic receptor Cavia porcellus 146-167 24448513-4 2014 METHODS: Dexmedetomidine was intracutaneously injected at a volume of 0.1 mL into the backs of guinea pigs, and further injected combined with yohimbine, a selective antagonist of alpha-2 adrenoceptors, or prazosin, a selective antagonist of alpha-1 adrenoceptors and an antagonist of both alpha-2B and alpha-2C adrenoceptor subtypes. Dexmedetomidine 9-24 alpha-2C adrenoceptor Cavia porcellus 303-324 24448513-9 2014 CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal that locally injected dexmedetomidine at a concentration of 1 muM induced peripheral vasoconstriction without a systemic cardiovascular response via the peripheral alpha-2A adrenoceptor subtype. Dexmedetomidine 54-69 alpha-2A adrenergic receptor Cavia porcellus 196-217 24445644-9 2014 Dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited all increases in paw volume, leukocytes, and production of TNF-alpha and COX-2. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 99-108 24445644-9 2014 Dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited all increases in paw volume, leukocytes, and production of TNF-alpha and COX-2. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 113-118 24345905-7 2014 Pre-treatment with dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the lung injury, w/d weight ratio and MPO activity, and decreased the concentration of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1 in BALF compared with the I/R group. Dexmedetomidine 19-34 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 95-98 24345418-0 2014 Involvement of spinal microglia and interleukin-18 in the anti-nociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine in rats subjected to CCI. Dexmedetomidine 85-100 interleukin 18 Rattus norvegicus 36-50 24345418-4 2014 Western blotting revealed that dexmedetomidine reduced the activation of microglia and the upregulation of interleukin-18 (IL-18) protein expression in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal dorsal horn, while BRL44408 pretreatment significantly blocked these effects of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 31-46 interleukin 18 Rattus norvegicus 107-121 24345418-4 2014 Western blotting revealed that dexmedetomidine reduced the activation of microglia and the upregulation of interleukin-18 (IL-18) protein expression in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal dorsal horn, while BRL44408 pretreatment significantly blocked these effects of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 31-46 interleukin 18 Rattus norvegicus 123-128 24345418-4 2014 Western blotting revealed that dexmedetomidine reduced the activation of microglia and the upregulation of interleukin-18 (IL-18) protein expression in the ipsilateral lumbar spinal dorsal horn, while BRL44408 pretreatment significantly blocked these effects of dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine 262-277 interleukin 18 Rattus norvegicus 123-128 24345418-6 2014 These results suggest that the IL-18 signalling pathway in microglia may be involved in the anti-nociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine in rats subjected to CCI. Dexmedetomidine 119-134 interleukin 18 Rattus norvegicus 31-36 24345905-7 2014 Pre-treatment with dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the lung injury, w/d weight ratio and MPO activity, and decreased the concentration of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1 in BALF compared with the I/R group. Dexmedetomidine 19-34 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 144-153 24345905-7 2014 Pre-treatment with dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the lung injury, w/d weight ratio and MPO activity, and decreased the concentration of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1 in BALF compared with the I/R group. Dexmedetomidine 19-34 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 155-159 24345905-7 2014 Pre-treatment with dexmedetomidine significantly reduced the lung injury, w/d weight ratio and MPO activity, and decreased the concentration of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1 in BALF compared with the I/R group. Dexmedetomidine 19-34 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 164-169 24345905-11 2014 TLR4/MyD88/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is involved in the protective mechanism of dexmedetomidine through alpha2-adrenoceptor independence. Dexmedetomidine 104-119 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 24345905-11 2014 TLR4/MyD88/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is involved in the protective mechanism of dexmedetomidine through alpha2-adrenoceptor independence. Dexmedetomidine 104-119 MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor Rattus norvegicus 5-10 24345905-11 2014 TLR4/MyD88/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is involved in the protective mechanism of dexmedetomidine through alpha2-adrenoceptor independence. Dexmedetomidine 104-119 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 45-49 25165710-11 2014 Enhanced hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and reduced CD68 expression were found in dexmedetomidine group compared with the group 3. Dexmedetomidine 112-127 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 17-51 25165710-11 2014 Enhanced hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and reduced CD68 expression were found in dexmedetomidine group compared with the group 3. Dexmedetomidine 112-127 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 53-57 25165710-11 2014 Enhanced hepatic vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and reduced CD68 expression were found in dexmedetomidine group compared with the group 3. Dexmedetomidine 112-127 Cd68 molecule Rattus norvegicus 82-86 24785229-0 2014 Dexmedetomidine renders a brain protection on hippocampal formation through inhibition of nNOS-NO signalling in endotoxin-induced shock rats. Dexmedetomidine 0-15 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-94 24785229-11 2014 Treatment of these rats with Dex evidently decreased cerebral water contents, NO concentrations and nNOS mRNA and its protein expressions. Dexmedetomidine 29-32 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 100-104 24785229-12 2014 CONCLUSION: These results demonstrated that Dex exerted a brain protection on hippocampal formation through inhibition of the nNOS-NO signalling in ES rats and Dex may have a favourably therapeutic value in treating brain damage in patients with endotoxin shock. Dexmedetomidine 44-47 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 126-130