PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
33684397-8	2021	The binding mode of the drugs with M-protein was analyzed and it was observed that Colchicine, Remdesivir, Bafilomycin A1 from COVID-19 suggested drugs and Temozolomide from SuperDRUG2 database displayed desirable molecular interactions and higher binding affinity towards M-protein.	remdesivir	95-105	myomesin 2	Homo sapiens	35-44
33879934-5	2021	Here we have performed docking and molecule dynamic (MD) simulation study of HCQ and remdesivir with Mpro protein which gave promising results to inhibit Mpro protein in SARS-CoV-2.	remdesivir	85-95	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	101-105
33879934-5	2021	Here we have performed docking and molecule dynamic (MD) simulation study of HCQ and remdesivir with Mpro protein which gave promising results to inhibit Mpro protein in SARS-CoV-2.	remdesivir	85-95	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	154-158
32338164-6	2021	The results show the effectiveness of Sofosbuvir, Ribavirin, Galidesivir, Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Cefuroxime, Tenofovir, and Hydroxychloroquine, in binding to SARS-CoV-2 RdRp.	remdesivir	74-84	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	171-175
33987731-5	2021	She was administered intravenous and oral antibiotics with injection heparin/remdesivir, during her 7 day stay at the hospital.	remdesivir	77-87	Src homology 2 domain containing E	Homo sapiens	0-3
33376043-11	2021	In addition, docking simulation showed that lycorine interacts with SARS-CoV-2 RdRp at the Asp623, Asn691, and Ser759 residues through hydrogen bonding, at which the binding affinities of lycorine (-6.2 kcal/mol) were higher than those of remdesivir (-4.7 kcal/mol).	remdesivir	239-249	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	79-83
33992054-3	2022	The recent clinical trials on antiviral drugs highlighted some promising compounds such as umifenovir (haemagglutinin-mediated fusion inhibitor), remdesivir (RdRp nucleoside inhibitor), and favipiravir (RdRp Inhibitor).	remdesivir	146-156	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	158-162
33984267-8	2021	HCV drugs that inhibit PLpro synergize with the viral polymerase inhibitor remdesivir to inhibit virus replication, increasing remdesivir"s antiviral activity as much as 10-fold, while those that only inhibit Mpro do not synergize with remdesivir.	remdesivir	127-137	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	23-28
33984267-8	2021	HCV drugs that inhibit PLpro synergize with the viral polymerase inhibitor remdesivir to inhibit virus replication, increasing remdesivir"s antiviral activity as much as 10-fold, while those that only inhibit Mpro do not synergize with remdesivir.	remdesivir	127-137	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	23-28
34017865-6	2021	Methods: Atazanavir, remdesivir, ritonavir, lopinavir and favipiravir were docked to in silico models of the pore domain of hERG, derived from cryo-EM structures of hERG and the closely related EAG channel.	remdesivir	21-31	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	124-128
33841878-2	2021	An example is Remdesivir, which is a non-obligate chain terminator of RdRp.	remdesivir	14-24	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	70-74
33556871-4	2021	The present article provides an overview of these small-molecule therapeutics based on insights from medicinal chemistry research and focuses on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors, such as the nucleoside analogues remdesivir, favipiravir and ribavirin.	remdesivir	226-236	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	175-179
33948598-0	2021	Allosteric activation of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp by remdesivir triphosphate and other phosphorylated nucleotides.	remdesivir	44-54	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	36-40
33561649-8	2021	Finally, the binding affinities of all the compounds were also compared with a reference ligand, remdesivir, against the target protein RdRp.	remdesivir	97-107	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	136-140
33674391-5	2021	Here we study the effects of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and remdesivir on hERG channels.	remdesivir	80-90	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	94-98
33674391-10	2021	Significance Statement This work demonstrates that among off-label potential COVID-19 treatment drugs chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and remdesivir, the former two drugs block hERG potassium channels while the latter two drugs do not.	remdesivir	153-163	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	192-196
33827897-9	2021	Ruxolitinib, alone or in combination with the antiviral remdesivir, inhibited C3a protein produced by infected cells.	remdesivir	56-66	complement C3	Homo sapiens	78-81
32594120-0	2021	Drug-induced liver injury in a COVID-19 patient: potential interaction of remdesivir with P-glycoprotein inhibitors.	remdesivir	74-84	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	90-104
32594120-1	2021	We report a case of a male with COVID-19 who developed acute hepatotoxicity related to remdesivir with probable interaction of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors.	remdesivir	87-97	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	143-147
32594120-2	2021	Until further details upon this interaction become available, we recommend physicians to be cautious with the prescription of P-gp inhibitors in patients receiving remdesivir therapy.	remdesivir	164-174	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	126-130
33898520-0	2021	Structure-Based Virtual Screening to Identify Novel Potential Compound as an Alternative to Remdesivir to Overcome the RdRp Protein Mutations in SARS-CoV-2.	remdesivir	92-102	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	119-123
33898520-8	2021	In this study, we aimed to determine the potency of lead compounds similar to Remdesivir, which can be used as an alternative when variants of SARS-CoV-2 develop resistance due to RdRp mutations.	remdesivir	78-88	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	180-184
33898520-11	2021	These seven compounds were further analyzed for their molecular interactions, which revealed that all seven compounds interacted with RdRp with higher affinity than Remdesivir under native conditions.	remdesivir	165-175	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	134-138
33655751-2	2021	Nucleoside analogs such as Remdesivir and beta-d-N4-hydroxycytidine are antiviral candidates and may function as chain terminators or induce viral mutations, thus impairing RdRp function.	remdesivir	27-37	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	173-177
33369768-0	2021	Remdesivir potently inhibits carboxylesterase-2 through covalent modifications: signifying strong drug-drug interactions.	remdesivir	0-10	carboxylesterase 2	Homo sapiens	29-47
33369768-3	2021	This study reports that remdesivir at nanomolar concentrations inhibits carboxylesterase-2 (CES2) through covalent modifications.	remdesivir	24-34	carboxylesterase 2	Homo sapiens	72-90
33369768-3	2021	This study reports that remdesivir at nanomolar concentrations inhibits carboxylesterase-2 (CES2) through covalent modifications.	remdesivir	24-34	carboxylesterase 2	Homo sapiens	92-96
33655751-3	2021	Recently disclosed Cryo-EM structures of apo, RNA-bound, and inhibitor-bound SARS-CoV-2 RdRp provided insight into the inhibitor-bound structure by capturing the enzyme with its reaction product: Remdesivir covalently bound to the RNA primer strand.	remdesivir	196-206	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	88-92
33758867-8	2021	The SARS-CoV-2 genome is replicated and transcribed by its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is the target for antivirals such as remdesivir.	remdesivir	139-149	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	89-93
33688867-4	2021	Even though the static structure of Remdesivir binding to RdRp has been solved and biochemical experiments have suggested it to be a "delayed chain terminator", the underlying molecular mechanisms is not fully understood.	remdesivir	36-46	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	58-62
33688867-6	2021	We found that when Remdesivir locates at an upstream site in RdRp, the 1"-cyano group experiences electrostatic interactions with a salt bridge (Asp865-Lys593), which subsequently halts translocation.	remdesivir	19-29	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	61-65
33615998-7	2021	Some of these compounds gave better K i, binding energy and logP values when compared to standard RdRp inhibitors, such as remdesivir (REM) (K i = 15.61 muM, logP = 2.2; binding energy = -6.95), a clinically approved RdRp inhibitor and nine other RdRp inhibitors.	remdesivir	123-133	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	98-102
33538960-9	2021	This complicates the drug-disease interaction profile of the patients as both the investigational drugs (e.g., remdesivir, dexamethasone) and the agents for comorbidities can be affected by compromised CYP-mediated hepatic metabolism.	remdesivir	111-121	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	202-205
33688653-10	2021	One Sentence Summary: Evidence of in silico designed chemotype (SF2523) targeting PI3K-alpha/mTOR/BRD4 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection and is highly synergistic with remdesivir.	remdesivir	164-174	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	82-92
33688653-10	2021	One Sentence Summary: Evidence of in silico designed chemotype (SF2523) targeting PI3K-alpha/mTOR/BRD4 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection and is highly synergistic with remdesivir.	remdesivir	164-174	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	93-97
33688653-10	2021	One Sentence Summary: Evidence of in silico designed chemotype (SF2523) targeting PI3K-alpha/mTOR/BRD4 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection and is highly synergistic with remdesivir.	remdesivir	164-174	bromodomain containing 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
33755983-7	2021	Furthermore, we evidenced the ability of remdesivir, tenofovir, emtricitabine, and lamivudine to be incorporated in SARS-CoV-2 RdRp in the same protein pocket where poses the corresponding natural nucleoside substrates with comparable Ki and activating similar interactions.	remdesivir	41-51	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	127-131
33693066-7	2021	In this study, we have screened a library of compounds, containing approved RdRp inhibitor drugs that were or in use to treat other viruses (favipiravir, sofosbuvir, ribavirin, lopinavir, tenofovir, ritonavir, galidesivir and remdesivir) and their structural analogues, in order to identify potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp.	remdesivir	226-236	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	76-80
33421473-6	2021	In-silico screening, molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) analysis suggest ribavirin, and remdesivir have good interaction with the binding site of the RdRp protein as compared to other antiviral investigated.	remdesivir	110-120	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	172-176
33615998-7	2021	Some of these compounds gave better K i, binding energy and logP values when compared to standard RdRp inhibitors, such as remdesivir (REM) (K i = 15.61 muM, logP = 2.2; binding energy = -6.95), a clinically approved RdRp inhibitor and nine other RdRp inhibitors.	remdesivir	123-133	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	217-221
33615998-7	2021	Some of these compounds gave better K i, binding energy and logP values when compared to standard RdRp inhibitors, such as remdesivir (REM) (K i = 15.61 muM, logP = 2.2; binding energy = -6.95), a clinically approved RdRp inhibitor and nine other RdRp inhibitors.	remdesivir	123-133	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	217-221
33615998-7	2021	Some of these compounds gave better K i, binding energy and logP values when compared to standard RdRp inhibitors, such as remdesivir (REM) (K i = 15.61 muM, logP = 2.2; binding energy = -6.95), a clinically approved RdRp inhibitor and nine other RdRp inhibitors.	remdesivir	135-138	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	98-102
33615998-7	2021	Some of these compounds gave better K i, binding energy and logP values when compared to standard RdRp inhibitors, such as remdesivir (REM) (K i = 15.61 muM, logP = 2.2; binding energy = -6.95), a clinically approved RdRp inhibitor and nine other RdRp inhibitors.	remdesivir	135-138	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	217-221
33615998-7	2021	Some of these compounds gave better K i, binding energy and logP values when compared to standard RdRp inhibitors, such as remdesivir (REM) (K i = 15.61 muM, logP = 2.2; binding energy = -6.95), a clinically approved RdRp inhibitor and nine other RdRp inhibitors.	remdesivir	135-138	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	217-221
33615998-9	2021	Molecular dynamics simulations (MDSs) showed that the selected RdRp-IBD complexes were highly stable compared to the native RdRp and RdRp-REM complex during 100 ns time periods.	remdesivir	138-141	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	63-67
33679150-5	2021	In this study, we docked five clinically used drug molecules, favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir, and ritonavir onto three target proteins, the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 main protease, and human furin protease.	remdesivir	95-105	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	202-207
33475021-11	2021	Further residues involved in binding of antimalarials with SARS-CoV-2-RdRp were compared with the residues involved in the SARS-CoV-2-RdRp complexed with remdesivir [PDB ID: 7BV2].	remdesivir	154-164	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	134-138
33582935-8	2021	In the docking studies, RDV and GA exhibited superiority in binding with the crystal structure of Mpro over the other selected molecules in this study.	remdesivir	24-27	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	98-102
33260103-0	2021	Mechanistic insight on the remdesivir binding to RNA-Dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-cov-2.	remdesivir	27-37	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	79-83
33260103-2	2021	Remdesivir (RDV) is clinically used drug which targets RdRp, however its mechanism of action remains elusive.	remdesivir	0-10	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	55-59
33260103-2	2021	Remdesivir (RDV) is clinically used drug which targets RdRp, however its mechanism of action remains elusive.	remdesivir	12-15	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	55-59
33260103-3	2021	This study aims to find out the binding dynamics of active Remdesivir-triphosphate (RDV-TP) to RdRp by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.	remdesivir	59-69	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	95-99
33260103-3	2021	This study aims to find out the binding dynamics of active Remdesivir-triphosphate (RDV-TP) to RdRp by means of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation.	remdesivir	84-87	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	95-99
33260103-6	2021	We then employed the model to study the binding of RDV-TP to RdRp during three independent 500 ns MD simulations.	remdesivir	51-54	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	61-65
32943188-3	2021	Remdesivir targets the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), an essential enzyme for viral RNA replication and a promising drug target for COVID-19.	remdesivir	0-10	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	53-57
32943188-4	2021	Recently, several structures of RdRp in complex with substrate RNA and remdesivir were reported, providing insights into the mechanisms of RNA recognition by RdRp.	remdesivir	71-81	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	32-36
32943188-4	2021	Recently, several structures of RdRp in complex with substrate RNA and remdesivir were reported, providing insights into the mechanisms of RNA recognition by RdRp.	remdesivir	71-81	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	158-162
33491569-2	2021	In this report, a computational study is performed to offer insights on the binding of Remdesivir and Galidesivir with SARS-CoV2 RdRp with natural substrate, ATP, as the control.	remdesivir	87-97	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	129-133
33491569-9	2021	Remdesivir also binds at the catalytic site and showed high potency to inhibit the function of RdRp.	remdesivir	0-10	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	95-99
33491569-10	2021	Binding of co-factor units nsp7 and nsp8 with RdRp (nsp12) complexed with Remdesivir and Galidesivir was also examined.	remdesivir	74-84	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	27-31
33491569-10	2021	Binding of co-factor units nsp7 and nsp8 with RdRp (nsp12) complexed with Remdesivir and Galidesivir was also examined.	remdesivir	74-84	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	36-40
33491569-10	2021	Binding of co-factor units nsp7 and nsp8 with RdRp (nsp12) complexed with Remdesivir and Galidesivir was also examined.	remdesivir	74-84	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	46-50
33491569-12	2021	Overall, this study suggests, Remdesivir has anti-RdRp activity via binding at a catalytic site.	remdesivir	30-40	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	50-54
33565387-3	2021	Here, the mechanisms of the inhibition of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), responsible for the replication of the virus in host cells, are examined by different ligands, such as Remdesivir (RDV), Remdesivir monophosphate (RMP), and several artificially expanded genetic information systems (AEGISs) including their different sequences by employing molecular docking, MD simulations, and MM/GBSA techniques.	remdesivir	186-196	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	76-80
33565387-3	2021	Here, the mechanisms of the inhibition of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), responsible for the replication of the virus in host cells, are examined by different ligands, such as Remdesivir (RDV), Remdesivir monophosphate (RMP), and several artificially expanded genetic information systems (AEGISs) including their different sequences by employing molecular docking, MD simulations, and MM/GBSA techniques.	remdesivir	198-201	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	76-80
33565387-3	2021	Here, the mechanisms of the inhibition of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), responsible for the replication of the virus in host cells, are examined by different ligands, such as Remdesivir (RDV), Remdesivir monophosphate (RMP), and several artificially expanded genetic information systems (AEGISs) including their different sequences by employing molecular docking, MD simulations, and MM/GBSA techniques.	remdesivir	204-214	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	76-80
33565387-4	2021	It is found that the binding of RDV to RdRp may block the RNA binding site.	remdesivir	32-35	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	39-43
33281478-2	2021	The recent elucidation of the experimental structure of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp enzyme complexed with triphosphate form of Remdesivir (RTP) has opened an avenue for structure-based identification of potent inhibitors.	remdesivir	115-125	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	67-71
33281478-2	2021	The recent elucidation of the experimental structure of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp enzyme complexed with triphosphate form of Remdesivir (RTP) has opened an avenue for structure-based identification of potent inhibitors.	remdesivir	115-125	MORN repeat containing 4	Homo sapiens	127-130
33388129-7	2021	Several had encouraging results, particularly the ACTT-1 double blind, randomized, and placebo controlled trial that has shown shortening of the time to recovery in hospitalized patients treated with remdesivir.	remdesivir	200-210	3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase	Homo sapiens	8-11
33475021-12	2021	It was observed that co-crystallized remdesivir and docked antimalarials bind in the same pocket of SARS-CoV-2 -RdRp.	remdesivir	37-47	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	112-116
32904625-3	2021	The result of the docking of L1-L4 showed a significant inhibitory action against the Main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 and the binding energy (DeltaG) values of the ligands (L1-L4) against the protein 6LU7 have found to be -7.7 Kcal/mole (L1), -7.0 Kcal/mole (L2), -7.9 Kcal/mole (L3), and -7.9 Kcal/mole (L4).The efficiency of the ligands has been compared with the FDA approved and clinically trial drugs such as remdesivir, Chloroquin and Hydroxychloroquin and native ligand N3 of main protease 6LU7 to ascertain the inhibitory potential of the studied ligands (L1-L4) against the protein 6LU7.	remdesivir	417-427	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	101-105
33436624-2	2021	The active form of remdesivir acts as a nucleoside analog and inhibits the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2.	remdesivir	19-29	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	105-109
33436624-3	2021	Remdesivir is incorporated by the RdRp into the growing RNA product and allows for addition of three more nucleotides before RNA synthesis stalls.	remdesivir	0-10	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	34-38
33436624-4	2021	Here we use synthetic RNA chemistry, biochemistry and cryo-electron microscopy to establish the molecular mechanism of remdesivir-induced RdRp stalling.	remdesivir	119-129	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	138-142
33179852-0	2021	Human soluble ACE2 improves the effect of remdesivir in SARS-CoV-2 infection.	remdesivir	42-52	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	14-18
33179852-7	2021	By using single amino-acid resolution screening in haploid ES cells, we report a singular critical pathway required for remdesivir toxicity, namely Adenylate Kinase 2.	remdesivir	120-130	adenylate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	148-166
33347311-5	2021	The inhibitors of the virus entry to cells and RdRp, such as Arbidol, remdesivir, favipiravir, EIDD-2081, and ribavirin, are in clinical trials, while most of the protease inhibitors are mainly calculated by molecular docking technology, which needs in vivo and in vitro experiments to prove the effect for SARS-CoV-2.	remdesivir	70-80	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	47-51
33389441-3	2022	In this study, detailed molecular docking and dynamics simulations are used to evaluate the binding affinity of a clinically approved drug, sofosbuvir, with the solved structure of the viral protein RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and compare it to the clinically approved drug, Remdesivir.	remdesivir	283-293	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	229-233
33389441-11	2022	Sofosbuvir was found to bind nsp12 with comparable binding energies to that of Remdesivir, which has been reported for its potential against COVID-19 RdRp and is currently approved by the FDA.	remdesivir	79-89	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	150-154
33261845-7	2021	Studies included repurposed drugs mainly against non-structural proteins of SARS-CoV2: the main 3C-like protease (Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Indinavir, Atazanavir, Nelfinavir, and Clocortolone), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (Remdesivir and Ribavirin), and the papain-like protease (Mycophenolic acid, Telaprevir, Boceprevir, Grazoprevir, Darunavir, Chloroquine, and Formoterol).	remdesivir	220-230	clocortolone), rna-dependent rna polymerase	None	175-218
32492200-0	2021	Remdesivir and tocilizumab: Mix or match.	remdesivir	0-10	Mix paired-like homeobox	Homo sapiens	28-31
33185784-0	2020	Comparison of Binding Site of Remdesivir and Its Metabolites with NSP12-NSP7-NSP8, and NSP3 of SARS CoV-2 Virus and Alternative Potential Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment.	remdesivir	30-40	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	72-76
33264025-3	2020	Among them, remdesivir, which can block the activity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in old SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV viruses, has been prescribed to COVID-19 patients in many countries.	remdesivir	12-22	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	86-90
33264025-6	2020	We showed that remdesivir binds to Mpro slightly weaker than to RdRp, and the corresponding inhibition constants, consistent with the experiment, fall to the muM range.	remdesivir	15-25	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	35-39
33264025-7	2020	The binding mechanisms of remdesivir to two targets differ in that the electrostatic interaction is the main force in stabilizing the RdRp-remdesivir complex, while the van der Waals interaction dominates in the Mpro-remdesivir case.	remdesivir	26-36	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	134-138
33264025-7	2020	The binding mechanisms of remdesivir to two targets differ in that the electrostatic interaction is the main force in stabilizing the RdRp-remdesivir complex, while the van der Waals interaction dominates in the Mpro-remdesivir case.	remdesivir	26-36	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	212-216
33264025-7	2020	The binding mechanisms of remdesivir to two targets differ in that the electrostatic interaction is the main force in stabilizing the RdRp-remdesivir complex, while the van der Waals interaction dominates in the Mpro-remdesivir case.	remdesivir	139-149	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	134-138
33264025-7	2020	The binding mechanisms of remdesivir to two targets differ in that the electrostatic interaction is the main force in stabilizing the RdRp-remdesivir complex, while the van der Waals interaction dominates in the Mpro-remdesivir case.	remdesivir	139-149	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	212-216
33264025-7	2020	The binding mechanisms of remdesivir to two targets differ in that the electrostatic interaction is the main force in stabilizing the RdRp-remdesivir complex, while the van der Waals interaction dominates in the Mpro-remdesivir case.	remdesivir	139-149	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	134-138
33264025-7	2020	The binding mechanisms of remdesivir to two targets differ in that the electrostatic interaction is the main force in stabilizing the RdRp-remdesivir complex, while the van der Waals interaction dominates in the Mpro-remdesivir case.	remdesivir	139-149	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	212-216
33264025-8	2020	Our result indicates that remdesivir can target not only RdRp but also Mpro, which can be invoked to explain why this drug is effective in treating COVID-19.	remdesivir	26-36	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	57-61
33264025-8	2020	Our result indicates that remdesivir can target not only RdRp but also Mpro, which can be invoked to explain why this drug is effective in treating COVID-19.	remdesivir	26-36	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	71-75
33287144-2	2020	In recent years, RdRp has emerged as an optimal target for the development of antiviral drugs, as demonstrated by recent approvals of sofosbuvir and remdesivir against Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), respectively.	remdesivir	149-159	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	17-21
34048668-0	2021	Role of OATP4C1 in Renal Handling of Remdesivir and its Nucleoside Analog GS-441524: The First Approved Drug for Patients with COVID-19.	remdesivir	37-47	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens	8-15
34048668-2	2021	In the present study, the interaction of remdesivir and its nucleoside analog GS-441524 with OATP4C1 was evaluated to provide the detailed information about its renal handling.	remdesivir	41-51	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens	93-100
34048668-8	2021	Remdesivir was taken up by OATP4C1/MDCKII cells.	remdesivir	0-10	solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 4C1	Mus musculus	27-34
34048668-9	2021	OATP4C1-mediated uptake of remdesivir increased linearly up to 10 min and reached a steady state at 30 min.	remdesivir	27-37	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens	0-7
34048668-10	2021	Remdesivir inhibited OATP4C1-mediated transport in a concentration-dependent manner with the IC50 and apparent Ki values of 42 +- 7.8 muM and 37 +- 6.9 muM, respectively.	remdesivir	0-10	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens	21-28
34048668-12	2021	Furthermore, we evaluated the potential drug interaction via OATP4C1 by calculating the Ki value of remdesivir.	remdesivir	100-110	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens	61-68
34048668-13	2021	OATP4C1 may play a pivotal role in remdesivir therapy for COVID-19, particularly in patients with kidney injury.	remdesivir	35-45	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 4C1	Homo sapiens	0-7
33490902-0	2021	High-throughput rational design of the remdesivir binding site in the RdRp of SARS-CoV-2: implications for potential resistance.	remdesivir	39-49	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	70-74
33490902-3	2021	Using a rational ligand-based interface design complemented with mutational mapping, we generated a total of 100,000 mutations and provided insight into the functional outcomes of mutations in the remdesivir-binding site in nsp12 subunit of RdRp.	remdesivir	197-207	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	241-245
33305304-4	2020	Herein, combination molecular docking with dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations is used to theoretically design angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)-containing remdesivir-loaded PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) for anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapy.	remdesivir	181-191	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	123-152
33305304-6	2020	A binding model is used to confirm the interactions between lisinopril and ACE on the surface of cells, as well as remdesivir and its intracellular targeting protein (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)).	remdesivir	115-125	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	197-201
33283177-1	2020	COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is currently being treated using Remdesivir, a nucleoside analog that inhibits the RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase (RdRp).	remdesivir	124-134	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	204-208
33185784-0	2020	Comparison of Binding Site of Remdesivir and Its Metabolites with NSP12-NSP7-NSP8, and NSP3 of SARS CoV-2 Virus and Alternative Potential Drugs for COVID-19 Treatment.	remdesivir	30-40	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	77-81
33176643-8	2021	RESULTS: Nimbocinol (-7.6 Kcal/mol) and sage (-7.3 Kcal/mol) exhibited maximum BA against PLpro SARS-CoV-2 as evident from molecular docking study which was found to be even better than remdesivir (-6.1 Kcal/mol), chloroquine (-5.3 Kcal/mol) and favipiravir (-5.7 Kcal/mol).	remdesivir	186-196	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	90-95
33245731-5	2020	In some human cells, remdesivir increases ACE2-promoter luciferase-reporter expression, ACE2 mRNA and protein, and ACE2 expression is attenuated by MEKi.	remdesivir	21-31	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	42-46
33245731-5	2020	In some human cells, remdesivir increases ACE2-promoter luciferase-reporter expression, ACE2 mRNA and protein, and ACE2 expression is attenuated by MEKi.	remdesivir	21-31	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	88-92
33245731-5	2020	In some human cells, remdesivir increases ACE2-promoter luciferase-reporter expression, ACE2 mRNA and protein, and ACE2 expression is attenuated by MEKi.	remdesivir	21-31	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	88-92
33245731-6	2020	In serum-deprived and stimulated cells treated with remdesivir and MEKi we observed correlations between pRB, pERK, and ACE2 expression further supporting role of proliferative state and MAPK pathway in ACE2 regulation.	remdesivir	52-62	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
33245731-6	2020	In serum-deprived and stimulated cells treated with remdesivir and MEKi we observed correlations between pRB, pERK, and ACE2 expression further supporting role of proliferative state and MAPK pathway in ACE2 regulation.	remdesivir	52-62	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Homo sapiens	110-114
33245731-6	2020	In serum-deprived and stimulated cells treated with remdesivir and MEKi we observed correlations between pRB, pERK, and ACE2 expression further supporting role of proliferative state and MAPK pathway in ACE2 regulation.	remdesivir	52-62	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	120-124
33245731-6	2020	In serum-deprived and stimulated cells treated with remdesivir and MEKi we observed correlations between pRB, pERK, and ACE2 expression further supporting role of proliferative state and MAPK pathway in ACE2 regulation.	remdesivir	52-62	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	203-207
33245731-8	2020	TMPRSS2, inflammatory cytokines G-CSF, M-CSF, IL-1alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1 are suppressed by MEKi alone or with remdesivir.	remdesivir	109-119	transmembrane serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	0-7
33245731-8	2020	TMPRSS2, inflammatory cytokines G-CSF, M-CSF, IL-1alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1 are suppressed by MEKi alone or with remdesivir.	remdesivir	109-119	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	32-37
33245731-8	2020	TMPRSS2, inflammatory cytokines G-CSF, M-CSF, IL-1alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1 are suppressed by MEKi alone or with remdesivir.	remdesivir	109-119	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	39-44
33245731-8	2020	TMPRSS2, inflammatory cytokines G-CSF, M-CSF, IL-1alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1 are suppressed by MEKi alone or with remdesivir.	remdesivir	109-119	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	46-55
33245731-8	2020	TMPRSS2, inflammatory cytokines G-CSF, M-CSF, IL-1alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1 are suppressed by MEKi alone or with remdesivir.	remdesivir	109-119	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	57-61
33245731-8	2020	TMPRSS2, inflammatory cytokines G-CSF, M-CSF, IL-1alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1 are suppressed by MEKi alone or with remdesivir.	remdesivir	109-119	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	66-71
33183178-6	2022	In this study, an antiviral drug- Remdesivir (RdRp inhibitor) and Darunavir (Mpro inhibitor) are used as reference drugs.	remdesivir	34-44	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	46-50
33190493-0	2020	Revealing the Inhibition Mechanism of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 by Remdesivir and Nucleotide Analogues: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study.	remdesivir	91-101	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	68-72
33190493-2	2020	Remdesivir is the first antiviral compound approved by the US FDA for the SARS-CoV-2 treatment for emergency use, targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme.	remdesivir	0-10	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	154-158
33190493-7	2020	The binding energy data reveal that compound-17 (-59.6 kcal/mol) binds more strongly as compared to compound-8 (-46.3 kcal/mol) and remdesivir (-29.7 kcal/mol) with RdRp.	remdesivir	132-142	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	165-169
32967965-2	2020	RDV targets the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).	remdesivir	0-3	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	52-56
32967965-4	2020	Here we demonstrate that the S861G mutation in RdRp eliminates chain termination, which confirms the existence of a steric clash between Ser-861 and the incorporated RDV-TP.	remdesivir	166-169	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	47-51
32967965-11	2020	The collective data provide strong evidence to show that template-dependent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp by RDV is biologically relevant.	remdesivir	109-112	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	101-105
33237691-13	2000	One needs to be aware that certain drugs that are used to treat COVID-19 infections may interact with lipid lowering drugs. Remdesivir is metabolized by the Cyp3A4 pathway and statins that are also metabolized by this pathway should be avoided (atorvastatin, simvastatin, and lovastatin).	remdesivir	123-133	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	156-162
33183178-9	2022	Besides, to assess the stability, MD simulations studies were performed along with reference inhibitors for Mpro (Darunavir) and RdRp (Remdesivir).	remdesivir	135-145	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	129-133
33183178-10	2022	Binding free energy calculations (MM-PBSA) revealed the estimated value (DeltaG) of Mpro_Darunavir; Mpro_Mulberroside E; RdRp_Remdesivir and RdRp_Emblicanin A were -111.62 +- 6.788, -141.443 +- 9.313, 30.782 +- 5.85 and -89.424 +- 3.130 kJmol-1, respectively.	remdesivir	126-136	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	121-125
33100032-0	2020	Exploring RdRp-remdesivir interactions to screen RdRp inhibitors for the management of novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV.	remdesivir	15-25	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	10-14
32702590-3	2020	In this study, referencing the data published on the Protein Data Bank (PDB ID: 7BV2) on April 22, we conducted a detailed analysis of the interaction between the complex structures of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 and Remdesivir, an antiviral drug, from the quantum chemical perspective based on the fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method.	remdesivir	243-253	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	219-223
32947136-4	2020	Remdesivir, an RdRp inhibitor, exhibited potent activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.	remdesivir	0-10	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	15-19
33100032-0	2020	Exploring RdRp-remdesivir interactions to screen RdRp inhibitors for the management of novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV.	remdesivir	15-25	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	49-53
33100032-5	2020	Therefore, in the current work, the authors have attempted to utilize the remdesivir-RdRp complex - RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) being the putative target for remdesivir - to screen a library of the already reported RdRp inhibitor database.	remdesivir	74-84	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	85-89
33100032-5	2020	Therefore, in the current work, the authors have attempted to utilize the remdesivir-RdRp complex - RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) being the putative target for remdesivir - to screen a library of the already reported RdRp inhibitor database.	remdesivir	74-84	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	100-104
33100032-5	2020	Therefore, in the current work, the authors have attempted to utilize the remdesivir-RdRp complex - RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) being the putative target for remdesivir - to screen a library of the already reported RdRp inhibitor database.	remdesivir	74-84	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	100-104
33100032-5	2020	Therefore, in the current work, the authors have attempted to utilize the remdesivir-RdRp complex - RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) being the putative target for remdesivir - to screen a library of the already reported RdRp inhibitor database.	remdesivir	166-176	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	85-89
33100032-5	2020	Therefore, in the current work, the authors have attempted to utilize the remdesivir-RdRp complex - RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) being the putative target for remdesivir - to screen a library of the already reported RdRp inhibitor database.	remdesivir	166-176	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	100-104
33100032-5	2020	Therefore, in the current work, the authors have attempted to utilize the remdesivir-RdRp complex - RdRp (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) being the putative target for remdesivir - to screen a library of the already reported RdRp inhibitor database.	remdesivir	166-176	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	100-104
33100032-8	2020	The results yielded two putative hits which can inhibit RdRp with better potency than remdesivir, subject to further biological evaluation.	remdesivir	86-96	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	56-60
32563812-1	2020	Remdesivir (GS-5734), a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) inhibitor that can be used to treat a variety of RNA virus infections, is expected to be an effective treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.	remdesivir	0-10	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	60-64
33012543-3	2020	Among those with mortality, an increased concentration of inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein) was noted with a lack of response to interleukin-6 blockade, remdesivir, and/or convalescent plasma.	remdesivir	182-192	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	83-96
32887884-4	2020	Moreover, combined application of GC376 with Remdesivir, a nucleotide analogue that inhibits viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), results in sterilizing additive effect.	remdesivir	45-55	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	129-133
32753375-0	2020	BET 1: The role of remdesivir in COVID-19 infection.	remdesivir	19-29	Bet1 golgi vesicular membrane trafficking protein	Homo sapiens	0-5
32521159-9	2020	The ~100-fold improvement in the Kd from remdesivir over ATP indicates an effective replacement of ATP in blocking of the RdRp preinsertion site.	remdesivir	41-51	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	122-126
32869031-4	2020	In particular, we show that loss of the mitochondrial nucleoside transporter SLC29A3 mitigates remdesivir toxicity without a commensurate decrease in SARS-CoV-2 antiviral potency and that the mitochondrial adenylate kinase AK2 is a remdesivir kinase required for remdesivir efficacy and toxicity.	remdesivir	95-105	solute carrier family 29 member 3	Homo sapiens	77-84
32869031-4	2020	In particular, we show that loss of the mitochondrial nucleoside transporter SLC29A3 mitigates remdesivir toxicity without a commensurate decrease in SARS-CoV-2 antiviral potency and that the mitochondrial adenylate kinase AK2 is a remdesivir kinase required for remdesivir efficacy and toxicity.	remdesivir	232-242	solute carrier family 29 member 3	Homo sapiens	77-84
32869031-4	2020	In particular, we show that loss of the mitochondrial nucleoside transporter SLC29A3 mitigates remdesivir toxicity without a commensurate decrease in SARS-CoV-2 antiviral potency and that the mitochondrial adenylate kinase AK2 is a remdesivir kinase required for remdesivir efficacy and toxicity.	remdesivir	232-242	solute carrier family 29 member 3	Homo sapiens	77-84
32521159-3	2020	Here, we used molecular dynamics simulations and free energy perturbation methods to study the inhibition mechanism of remdesivir to its target SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).	remdesivir	119-129	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	191-195
32521159-5	2020	We then built a putative preinsertion binding structure by aligning the remdesivir + RdRp complex to the ATP bound poliovirus RdRp without the RNA template.	remdesivir	72-82	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	85-89
32521159-5	2020	We then built a putative preinsertion binding structure by aligning the remdesivir + RdRp complex to the ATP bound poliovirus RdRp without the RNA template.	remdesivir	72-82	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	126-130
32521159-7	2020	The resulting stable preinsertion state of remdesivir appeared to form hydrogen bonds with the RNA template when aligned with the newly solved cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp.	remdesivir	43-53	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	175-179
32521159-8	2020	The relative binding free energy between remdesivir and ATP was calculated to be -2.80 +- 0.84 kcal/mol, where remdesivir bound much stronger to SARS-CoV-2 RdRp than the natural substrate ATP.	remdesivir	41-51	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	156-160
32521159-8	2020	The relative binding free energy between remdesivir and ATP was calculated to be -2.80 +- 0.84 kcal/mol, where remdesivir bound much stronger to SARS-CoV-2 RdRp than the natural substrate ATP.	remdesivir	111-121	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	156-160
32643603-7	2020	Ad5-hACE2-transduced mice enabled rapid assessments of a vaccine candidate, of human convalescent plasma, and of two antiviral therapies (poly I:C and remdesivir).	remdesivir	151-161	Alzheimer disease, familial, type 5	Homo sapiens	0-3
32643603-7	2020	Ad5-hACE2-transduced mice enabled rapid assessments of a vaccine candidate, of human convalescent plasma, and of two antiviral therapies (poly I:C and remdesivir).	remdesivir	151-161	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	4-9
32793908-6	2020	In some human cells, remdesivir increases ACE2-promoter luciferase-reporter expression, ACE2 mRNA and protein, and ACE2 expression is attenuated by MEKi.	remdesivir	21-31	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	42-46
32793908-6	2020	In some human cells, remdesivir increases ACE2-promoter luciferase-reporter expression, ACE2 mRNA and protein, and ACE2 expression is attenuated by MEKi.	remdesivir	21-31	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	88-92
32793908-6	2020	In some human cells, remdesivir increases ACE2-promoter luciferase-reporter expression, ACE2 mRNA and protein, and ACE2 expression is attenuated by MEKi.	remdesivir	21-31	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	88-92
32793908-8	2020	TMPRSS2, inflammatory cytokines G-CSF, M- CSF, IL-1a, IL-6 and MCP-1 are suppressed by MEKi alone or in combination with remdesivir.	remdesivir	121-131	transmembrane serine protease 2	Homo sapiens	0-7
32793908-8	2020	TMPRSS2, inflammatory cytokines G-CSF, M- CSF, IL-1a, IL-6 and MCP-1 are suppressed by MEKi alone or in combination with remdesivir.	remdesivir	121-131	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	32-37
32793908-8	2020	TMPRSS2, inflammatory cytokines G-CSF, M- CSF, IL-1a, IL-6 and MCP-1 are suppressed by MEKi alone or in combination with remdesivir.	remdesivir	121-131	colony stimulating factor 1	Homo sapiens	39-45
32793908-8	2020	TMPRSS2, inflammatory cytokines G-CSF, M- CSF, IL-1a, IL-6 and MCP-1 are suppressed by MEKi alone or in combination with remdesivir.	remdesivir	121-131	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	47-52
32793908-8	2020	TMPRSS2, inflammatory cytokines G-CSF, M- CSF, IL-1a, IL-6 and MCP-1 are suppressed by MEKi alone or in combination with remdesivir.	remdesivir	121-131	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	54-58
32793908-8	2020	TMPRSS2, inflammatory cytokines G-CSF, M- CSF, IL-1a, IL-6 and MCP-1 are suppressed by MEKi alone or in combination with remdesivir.	remdesivir	121-131	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	63-68
32422376-3	2020	This case highlights the high tolerability and the interesting immunomodulatory profile of the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in the setting of severe COVID-19 associated with remdesivir therapy.	remdesivir	179-189	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	95-119
32729392-4	2021	Molecular docking on 40 derivatives of standard drugs (Remdesivir, Lopinavir and Theophylline) led to the identification of R10, R2 and L9 as potential inhibitors of 3CLpro, PLpro and Spike protein, respectively.	remdesivir	55-65	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	174-179
32729392-4	2021	Molecular docking on 40 derivatives of standard drugs (Remdesivir, Lopinavir and Theophylline) led to the identification of R10, R2 and L9 as potential inhibitors of 3CLpro, PLpro and Spike protein, respectively.	remdesivir	55-65	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	184-189
32573468-9	2020	Higher stability of remdesivir and metabolite was observed on NaF-plasma.	remdesivir	20-30	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	62-65
32686993-5	2021	Among the predicted drugs compounds, clemizole, monorden, spironolactone and tanespimycin showed high binding energies; among the studied repurposing compounds, remdesivir, simeprevir and valinomycin showed high binding energies; among the predicted acidic compounds, acetylursolic acid and hardwickiic acid gave high binding energies; while among the studied anthraquinones and glycosides compounds, ellagitannin and friedelanone showed high binding energies against 3-Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), Papain-like protease (PLpro), helicase (nsp13), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nsp12), 2"-O-ribose methyltransferase (nsp16) of SARS-CoV-2 and DNA-PK and CK2alpha in human.	remdesivir	161-171	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	529-534
32686993-5	2021	Among the predicted drugs compounds, clemizole, monorden, spironolactone and tanespimycin showed high binding energies; among the studied repurposing compounds, remdesivir, simeprevir and valinomycin showed high binding energies; among the predicted acidic compounds, acetylursolic acid and hardwickiic acid gave high binding energies; while among the studied anthraquinones and glycosides compounds, ellagitannin and friedelanone showed high binding energies against 3-Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), Papain-like protease (PLpro), helicase (nsp13), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nsp12), 2"-O-ribose methyltransferase (nsp16) of SARS-CoV-2 and DNA-PK and CK2alpha in human.	remdesivir	161-171	helicase for meiosis 1	Homo sapiens	537-545
32686993-5	2021	Among the predicted drugs compounds, clemizole, monorden, spironolactone and tanespimycin showed high binding energies; among the studied repurposing compounds, remdesivir, simeprevir and valinomycin showed high binding energies; among the predicted acidic compounds, acetylursolic acid and hardwickiic acid gave high binding energies; while among the studied anthraquinones and glycosides compounds, ellagitannin and friedelanone showed high binding energies against 3-Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), Papain-like protease (PLpro), helicase (nsp13), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nsp12), 2"-O-ribose methyltransferase (nsp16) of SARS-CoV-2 and DNA-PK and CK2alpha in human.	remdesivir	161-171	protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	649-655
32686993-5	2021	Among the predicted drugs compounds, clemizole, monorden, spironolactone and tanespimycin showed high binding energies; among the studied repurposing compounds, remdesivir, simeprevir and valinomycin showed high binding energies; among the predicted acidic compounds, acetylursolic acid and hardwickiic acid gave high binding energies; while among the studied anthraquinones and glycosides compounds, ellagitannin and friedelanone showed high binding energies against 3-Chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), Papain-like protease (PLpro), helicase (nsp13), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (nsp12), 2"-O-ribose methyltransferase (nsp16) of SARS-CoV-2 and DNA-PK and CK2alpha in human.	remdesivir	161-171	casein kinase 2 alpha 2	Homo sapiens	660-668
32222463-0	2020	Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp): A molecular docking study.	remdesivir	11-21	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	111-115
32222463-6	2020	KEY FINDINGS: The results suggest the effectiveness of Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir as potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 since they tightly bind to its RdRp.	remdesivir	66-76	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	183-187
32754599-5	2020	However, remdesivir, an inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), has appeared as an auspicious antiviral drug.	remdesivir	9-19	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	67-71
32607511-7	2020	When tested against this reporter virus, remdesivir exhibited substantially more potent activity in A549-hACE2 cells compared to Vero E6 cells (EC 50 0.115 vs 1.28 muM), while this difference was not observed for chloroquine (EC 50 1.32 vs 3.52 muM), underscoring the importance of selecting appropriate cells for antiviral testing.	remdesivir	41-51	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	105-110
32517353-4	2020	As a computationally predicted, remdesivir-like inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)-the central component of the replication/transcription machinery of SARS-CoV-2-silibinin is expected to reduce viral load and impede delayed interferon responses.	remdesivir	32-42	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	91-95
32568620-8	2021	Remdesivir is strongly forming h-bonds with crucial Mpro residues, Cys145, and His164.	remdesivir	0-10	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	52-56
32358203-2	2020	Replication of SARS-CoV-2 requires the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme, a target of the antiviral drug remdesivir.	remdesivir	120-130	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	75-79
32358203-3	2020	Here we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, both in the apo form at 2.8-angstrom resolution and in complex with a 50-base template-primer RNA and remdesivir at 2.5-angstrom resolution.	remdesivir	180-190	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	72-76
32358203-4	2020	The complex structure reveals that the partial double-stranded RNA template is inserted into the central channel of the RdRp, where remdesivir is covalently incorporated into the primer strand at the first replicated base pair, and terminates chain elongation.	remdesivir	132-142	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	120-124
32283108-0	2020	Remdesivir and SARS-CoV-2: Structural requirements at both nsp12 RdRp and nsp14 Exonuclease active-sites.	remdesivir	0-10	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	65-69
32283108-8	2020	Additionally, we propose structural and function implications of two previously identified RdRp resistance mutations in relation to resistance against Remdesivir.	remdesivir	151-161	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	91-95
32375574-2	2021	This study demonstrated the putative inhibitory potential of lopinavir, remdesivir, oseltamir, azithromycin, ribavirin, and chloroquine towards V-ATPase, protein kinase A, SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein/ACE-2 complex and viral proteases.	remdesivir	72-82	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	200-205
32836709-8	2021	Results: Among known inhibitors, remdesivir was found to have the highest affinity for the active site of the RdRp.	remdesivir	33-43	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	110-114
32550880-0	2020	Recommandations EMA sur l"usage compassionnel du remdesivir.	remdesivir	49-59	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	20-23
32284326-2	2020	Replication of SARS-CoV-2 depends on the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is the likely target of the investigational nucleotide analogue remdesivir (RDV).	remdesivir	154-164	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	77-81
32284326-2	2020	Replication of SARS-CoV-2 depends on the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is the likely target of the investigational nucleotide analogue remdesivir (RDV).	remdesivir	166-169	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	77-81
32284326-5	2020	Enzyme kinetics indicated that this RdRp efficiently incorporates the active triphosphate form of RDV (RDV-TP) into RNA.	remdesivir	98-101	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	36-40
32284326-5	2020	Enzyme kinetics indicated that this RdRp efficiently incorporates the active triphosphate form of RDV (RDV-TP) into RNA.	remdesivir	103-106	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	36-40
32284326-10	2020	Furthermore, we provide evidence for the target specificity of RDV, as RDV-TP was less efficiently incorporated by the distantly related Lassa virus RdRp, and termination of RNA synthesis was not observed.	remdesivir	63-66	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	149-153
32284326-10	2020	Furthermore, we provide evidence for the target specificity of RDV, as RDV-TP was less efficiently incorporated by the distantly related Lassa virus RdRp, and termination of RNA synthesis was not observed.	remdesivir	71-74	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	149-153
33262564-0	2020	ICER"s second update to pricing models of remdesivir for COVID-19.	remdesivir	42-52	cAMP responsive element modulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
32277040-2	2020	The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase [(RdRp), also named nsp12] is the central component of coronaviral replication and transcription machinery, and it appears to be a primary target for the antiviral drug remdesivir.	remdesivir	202-212	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	35-39
32511290-3	2020	Ongoing clinical trials include Kaletra (a combination of two protease inhibitors approved for HIV treatment), remdesivir (an investigational drug targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase [RdRP] of SARS-CoV-2), and hydroxychloroquine (an approved anti-malarial and immuno-modulatory drug).	remdesivir	111-121	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	187-191
33102688-5	2020	Our results demonstrate that remdesivir shows the best binding energy on RdRp and saquinvir is the best inhibitor of M pro .	remdesivir	29-39	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	73-77
33802215-4	2021	We therefore assessed remdesivir as substrate and inhibitor of the clinically relevant hepatic drug uptake transporters organic anion transporting poly-peptide (OATP)-1B1 (SLCO1B1), its common genetic variants OATP1B1*1b, OATP1B1*5, OATP1B1*15, as well as OATP1B3 (SLCO1B3), OATP2B1 (SLCO2B1) and organic cation transporter (OCT)-1 (SLC22A1).	remdesivir	22-32	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	161-170
33815808-8	2021	Aloe, azadirachtin, columbin, cirsilineol, nimbiol, nimbocinol and sage exhibited highest binding affinity and interacted with active sites of RdRp surpassing the ability of chloroquine, lamivudine, favipiravir and remdesivir to target the same.	remdesivir	215-225	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	143-147
33766591-6	2021	Afterwards, the clinical development of some NAs including Favipiravir, Sofosbuvir, Ribavirin, Tenofovir, and Remdesivir as potential inhibitors of RdRp, were surveyed.	remdesivir	110-120	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	148-152
33802215-4	2021	We therefore assessed remdesivir as substrate and inhibitor of the clinically relevant hepatic drug uptake transporters organic anion transporting poly-peptide (OATP)-1B1 (SLCO1B1), its common genetic variants OATP1B1*1b, OATP1B1*5, OATP1B1*15, as well as OATP1B3 (SLCO1B3), OATP2B1 (SLCO2B1) and organic cation transporter (OCT)-1 (SLC22A1).	remdesivir	22-32	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	172-179
33802215-4	2021	We therefore assessed remdesivir as substrate and inhibitor of the clinically relevant hepatic drug uptake transporters organic anion transporting poly-peptide (OATP)-1B1 (SLCO1B1), its common genetic variants OATP1B1*1b, OATP1B1*5, OATP1B1*15, as well as OATP1B3 (SLCO1B3), OATP2B1 (SLCO2B1) and organic cation transporter (OCT)-1 (SLC22A1).	remdesivir	22-32	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	210-217
33802215-4	2021	We therefore assessed remdesivir as substrate and inhibitor of the clinically relevant hepatic drug uptake transporters organic anion transporting poly-peptide (OATP)-1B1 (SLCO1B1), its common genetic variants OATP1B1*1b, OATP1B1*5, OATP1B1*15, as well as OATP1B3 (SLCO1B3), OATP2B1 (SLCO2B1) and organic cation transporter (OCT)-1 (SLC22A1).	remdesivir	22-32	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	222-229
33802215-4	2021	We therefore assessed remdesivir as substrate and inhibitor of the clinically relevant hepatic drug uptake transporters organic anion transporting poly-peptide (OATP)-1B1 (SLCO1B1), its common genetic variants OATP1B1*1b, OATP1B1*5, OATP1B1*15, as well as OATP1B3 (SLCO1B3), OATP2B1 (SLCO2B1) and organic cation transporter (OCT)-1 (SLC22A1).	remdesivir	22-32	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	222-229
33802215-4	2021	We therefore assessed remdesivir as substrate and inhibitor of the clinically relevant hepatic drug uptake transporters organic anion transporting poly-peptide (OATP)-1B1 (SLCO1B1), its common genetic variants OATP1B1*1b, OATP1B1*5, OATP1B1*15, as well as OATP1B3 (SLCO1B3), OATP2B1 (SLCO2B1) and organic cation transporter (OCT)-1 (SLC22A1).	remdesivir	22-32	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	Homo sapiens	256-263
33802215-4	2021	We therefore assessed remdesivir as substrate and inhibitor of the clinically relevant hepatic drug uptake transporters organic anion transporting poly-peptide (OATP)-1B1 (SLCO1B1), its common genetic variants OATP1B1*1b, OATP1B1*5, OATP1B1*15, as well as OATP1B3 (SLCO1B3), OATP2B1 (SLCO2B1) and organic cation transporter (OCT)-1 (SLC22A1).	remdesivir	22-32	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B3	Homo sapiens	265-272
33802215-4	2021	We therefore assessed remdesivir as substrate and inhibitor of the clinically relevant hepatic drug uptake transporters organic anion transporting poly-peptide (OATP)-1B1 (SLCO1B1), its common genetic variants OATP1B1*1b, OATP1B1*5, OATP1B1*15, as well as OATP1B3 (SLCO1B3), OATP2B1 (SLCO2B1) and organic cation transporter (OCT)-1 (SLC22A1).	remdesivir	22-32	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1	Homo sapiens	275-282
33802215-4	2021	We therefore assessed remdesivir as substrate and inhibitor of the clinically relevant hepatic drug uptake transporters organic anion transporting poly-peptide (OATP)-1B1 (SLCO1B1), its common genetic variants OATP1B1*1b, OATP1B1*5, OATP1B1*15, as well as OATP1B3 (SLCO1B3), OATP2B1 (SLCO2B1) and organic cation transporter (OCT)-1 (SLC22A1).	remdesivir	22-32	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1	Homo sapiens	284-291
33802215-4	2021	We therefore assessed remdesivir as substrate and inhibitor of the clinically relevant hepatic drug uptake transporters organic anion transporting poly-peptide (OATP)-1B1 (SLCO1B1), its common genetic variants OATP1B1*1b, OATP1B1*5, OATP1B1*15, as well as OATP1B3 (SLCO1B3), OATP2B1 (SLCO2B1) and organic cation transporter (OCT)-1 (SLC22A1).	remdesivir	22-32	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens	297-331
33802215-4	2021	We therefore assessed remdesivir as substrate and inhibitor of the clinically relevant hepatic drug uptake transporters organic anion transporting poly-peptide (OATP)-1B1 (SLCO1B1), its common genetic variants OATP1B1*1b, OATP1B1*5, OATP1B1*15, as well as OATP1B3 (SLCO1B3), OATP2B1 (SLCO2B1) and organic cation transporter (OCT)-1 (SLC22A1).	remdesivir	22-32	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens	333-340
34774545-5	2022	Chemical inhibition and reaction phenotyping assays suggested that human carboxylesterase 1 (hCES1A) played a predominant role in remdesivir hydrolysis, while cathepsin A (CTSA), acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BchE) contributed to a lesser extent.	remdesivir	130-140	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	73-91
32834722-0	2020	ICER update to pricing models of remdesivir for COVID-19.	remdesivir	33-43	cAMP responsive element modulator	Homo sapiens	0-4
34406670-6	2022	CRP levels decreased significantly after remdesivir administration in patients who remained non-intubated over the study period.	remdesivir	41-51	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
34583312-7	2021	The antiviral activities of a number of monofatty acyl conjugates of RDV, such as 3b, 3e, and 4b, were comparable with RDV against the Ebola trVLP system.	remdesivir	69-72	3b, 3e, and 4b	None	82-96
34918945-3	2021	However, following intravenous administration, RDV metabolizes majorly by human liver carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and marginally by the CYP3A4 enzyme in merely less than an hour.	remdesivir	47-50	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	80-104
34918945-3	2021	However, following intravenous administration, RDV metabolizes majorly by human liver carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and marginally by the CYP3A4 enzyme in merely less than an hour.	remdesivir	47-50	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	106-110
34918945-3	2021	However, following intravenous administration, RDV metabolizes majorly by human liver carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and marginally by the CYP3A4 enzyme in merely less than an hour.	remdesivir	47-50	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	134-140
34918945-6	2021	Objective: Considering the major CES1-mediated metabolism of RDV on systemic administration, we intend to explore the remarkable CES1 plus CYP3A4 inhibitory activity of cannabidiol (CBD) against in vitro microsomal metabolism of RDV to indicate its therapeutic potential as an adjuvant to RDV in the treatment and management of COVID-19.	remdesivir	61-64	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
34918945-6	2021	Objective: Considering the major CES1-mediated metabolism of RDV on systemic administration, we intend to explore the remarkable CES1 plus CYP3A4 inhibitory activity of cannabidiol (CBD) against in vitro microsomal metabolism of RDV to indicate its therapeutic potential as an adjuvant to RDV in the treatment and management of COVID-19.	remdesivir	61-64	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	129-133
34918945-6	2021	Objective: Considering the major CES1-mediated metabolism of RDV on systemic administration, we intend to explore the remarkable CES1 plus CYP3A4 inhibitory activity of cannabidiol (CBD) against in vitro microsomal metabolism of RDV to indicate its therapeutic potential as an adjuvant to RDV in the treatment and management of COVID-19.	remdesivir	61-64	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	139-145
34658419-9	2021	For instance, the binding affinity of ligand and complex was found to be better than docking results of chloroquine (-6.293 kcal/mol), hydroxychloroquine (-5.573 kcal/mol) and remdesivir (-6.352 kcal/mol) with Mpro protein.	remdesivir	176-186	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	210-214
34910385-4	2021	Dexamethasone or remdesivir induced endoplasmic reticulum stress with increased Xbp1 and autophagic response with increased accumulation of LC3-II.	remdesivir	17-27	X-box binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
34910385-5	2021	Dexamethasone and remdesivir had additive effects on the stress responses in the liver cells, which further increased expression of ATF4 and CHOP and cell death.	remdesivir	18-28	activating transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	132-136
34910385-5	2021	Dexamethasone and remdesivir had additive effects on the stress responses in the liver cells, which further increased expression of ATF4 and CHOP and cell death.	remdesivir	18-28	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	141-145
34946521-3	2021	Here we applied computational approaches to examine if some polyphenols can also inhibit RNA polymerase (RdRp) in SARS-CoV-2, and we identified some better candidates than remdesivir, the FDA-approved drug against RdRp, in terms of estimated binding affinities.	remdesivir	172-182	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	214-218
34960758-3	2021	RESULTS: While IFNs alone were insufficient to completely abolish replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), IFNalpha, in combination with remdesivir, EIDD-2801, camostat, cycloheximide, or convalescent serum, proved to be more effective.	remdesivir	173-183	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	143-151
34960758-4	2021	Transcriptome and metabolomic analyses revealed that the IFNalpha-remdesivir combination suppressed SARS-CoV-2-mediated changes in Calu-3 cells and lung organoids, although it altered the homeostasis of uninfected cells and organoids.	remdesivir	66-76	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	57-65
34859387-0	2021	Safety of Remdesivir for Patients 80 Years of Age or Older with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).	remdesivir	10-20	renin binding protein	Homo sapiens	46-49
34873274-5	2021	The LibDock scores of remdesivir to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 were 135 and 151, suggesting that remdesivir may have a higher affinity to HCoV-NL63 compared to SARS-CoV-2 RdRp.	remdesivir	22-32	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	169-173
34717229-7	2021	Furthermore, to validate the potency of selected compounds, we compared them with Favipiravir and Remdesivir antiviral drugs from our previous analysis on targeting tea bioactive molecules to inhibit RdRp-RNA complex.	remdesivir	98-108	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	200-204
34717229-8	2021	The comparative analysis revealed that the selected compounds showed higher potential to be developed as RdRp-RNA inhibitors than antiviral medicines Remdesivir and Favipiravir.	remdesivir	150-160	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	105-109
34842499-8	2021	For instance, the binding affinity of complex (Ni(L)(DMF))(1) is found to be better than that of recently docking results of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs like chloroquine (-6.293 kcal/mol), hydroxychloroquine (-5.573 kcal/mol) and remdesivir (-6.352 kcal/mol) when targeted to the active-site of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro.	remdesivir	224-234	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	300-304
34503974-0	2021	Remdesivir and EIDD-1931 Interact with Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters 1 and 2: Implications for Reaching SARS-CoV-2 Viral Sanctuary Sites.	remdesivir	0-10	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	45-90
34503974-4	2021	In vitro transport experiments demonstrated that remdesivir was the most potent inhibitor of ENT-mediated (3H) uridine uptake (ENT1 IC50: 38.65 mM; ENT2 IC50: 76.72 mM), followed by EIDD-1931 (ENT1 IC50: 258.9 mM; ENT2 IC50: 467.3 mM), while molnupiravir was a modest inhibitor (ENT1 IC50: 701.0 mM; ENT2 IC50: 851.4 mM).	remdesivir	49-59	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	127-131
34503974-4	2021	In vitro transport experiments demonstrated that remdesivir was the most potent inhibitor of ENT-mediated (3H) uridine uptake (ENT1 IC50: 38.65 mM; ENT2 IC50: 76.72 mM), followed by EIDD-1931 (ENT1 IC50: 258.9 mM; ENT2 IC50: 467.3 mM), while molnupiravir was a modest inhibitor (ENT1 IC50: 701.0 mM; ENT2 IC50: 851.4 mM).	remdesivir	49-59	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	148-152
34503974-4	2021	In vitro transport experiments demonstrated that remdesivir was the most potent inhibitor of ENT-mediated (3H) uridine uptake (ENT1 IC50: 38.65 mM; ENT2 IC50: 76.72 mM), followed by EIDD-1931 (ENT1 IC50: 258.9 mM; ENT2 IC50: 467.3 mM), while molnupiravir was a modest inhibitor (ENT1 IC50: 701.0 mM; ENT2 IC50: 851.4 mM).	remdesivir	49-59	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	300-304
34503974-6	2021	Remdesivir accumulation decreased in the presence of NBMPR by 30% in ENT1 cells (p = 0.0248) and 27% in ENT2 cells (p = 0.0054).	remdesivir	0-10	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	104-108
34503974-10	2021	Significance Statement Significance statement: This study identified remdesivir and EIDD-1931 as substrates of equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 and 2.	remdesivir	69-79	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	111-156
34543728-8	2021	Structural and energetic comparisons of these inhibitors with Remdesivir and similar nucleotide drugs show that these peptides would be more specific and hence may act as promiscuous antiviral agents against RdRp.	remdesivir	62-72	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	208-212
34850656-4	2021	Several FDA-approved RdRp "nucleotide analog inhibitors (NAIs)" such as remdesivir, have been repurposed to treat COVID-19 infections.	remdesivir	72-82	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	21-25
34351640-6	2021	Remdesivir administration improved the levels of various biochemical parameters such as CRP, LDH, D-Dimer and ferritin both in diabetic and non-diabetic patients.	remdesivir	0-10	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	88-91
34165771-4	2021	METHODS: A dozen modifications based on remdesivir are tested against SARS-CoV-2 RdRp using combined molecular docking and dynamics simulation in this work.	remdesivir	40-50	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	81-85
34741481-7	2022	Our in silico analysis revealed that the three drugs Lopinavir, Ritonavir, and Remdesivir showed interaction with the active site residues of Mpro.	remdesivir	79-89	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	142-146
34821532-7	2021	Flavonoids strongly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with comparable or higher potency than the antiviral drug, remdesivir.	remdesivir	105-115	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	41-45
34920267-4	2022	The mutations in S-glycoprotein trigger the antibody escape/resistance, and mutations in RdRp might cause remdesivir resistance.	remdesivir	106-116	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	89-93
34613689-4	2021	Far from merely being cautionary tales about the conduct of scientific research, these errors have had significant practical impact, by hampering a correct understanding of RdRp structure and mechanism, its inhibition by nucleoside analogues such as remdesivir, and the discovery and characterization of such analogues.	remdesivir	250-260	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	173-177
34637693-7	2021	ChEMBL1276156 and PubChem135548348 showed a strong binding affinity with RdRp than its standard inhibitor, Remdesivir.	remdesivir	107-117	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	73-77
34746476-11	2021	Echoside A and echoside B showed higher docking score than remdesivir as COVID-19 drug on four target proteins, i.e., spike protein (-7.9 kcal/mol and -7.8 kcal/mol), RBD-ACE2 (-7.5 kcal/mol and -8.2 kcal/mol), 3CLpro (-8.4 kcal/mol and -9.4 kcal/mol) and RdRp (-7.3 kcal/mol and -8.0 kcal/mol).	remdesivir	59-69	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	118-123
34746476-11	2021	Echoside A and echoside B showed higher docking score than remdesivir as COVID-19 drug on four target proteins, i.e., spike protein (-7.9 kcal/mol and -7.8 kcal/mol), RBD-ACE2 (-7.5 kcal/mol and -8.2 kcal/mol), 3CLpro (-8.4 kcal/mol and -9.4 kcal/mol) and RdRp (-7.3 kcal/mol and -8.0 kcal/mol).	remdesivir	59-69	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	171-175
34746476-11	2021	Echoside A and echoside B showed higher docking score than remdesivir as COVID-19 drug on four target proteins, i.e., spike protein (-7.9 kcal/mol and -7.8 kcal/mol), RBD-ACE2 (-7.5 kcal/mol and -8.2 kcal/mol), 3CLpro (-8.4 kcal/mol and -9.4 kcal/mol) and RdRp (-7.3 kcal/mol and -8.0 kcal/mol).	remdesivir	59-69	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	211-217
34746476-11	2021	Echoside A and echoside B showed higher docking score than remdesivir as COVID-19 drug on four target proteins, i.e., spike protein (-7.9 kcal/mol and -7.8 kcal/mol), RBD-ACE2 (-7.5 kcal/mol and -8.2 kcal/mol), 3CLpro (-8.4 kcal/mol and -9.4 kcal/mol) and RdRp (-7.3 kcal/mol and -8.0 kcal/mol).	remdesivir	59-69	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	256-260
34829734-7	2021	Similarly, marine terpenoids such as xiamycin (-9.3), thyrsiferol (-9.2), liouvilloside B (-8.9), liouvilloside A (-8.8), and stachyflin (-8.7) exhibited comparatively higher docking scores than the referral drug remdesivir (-7.4), and favipiravir (-5.7) against the target SARS-CoV-2-RdRp.	remdesivir	213-223	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	285-289
34427335-2	2021	Using bioinformatic methods, it was tested whether or not acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA), 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (KBA), beta-boswellic acid (BBA), and the phosphorylated active metabolite of Remdesivir  (RGS-P3) bind to functional proteins of SARS-CoV-2, that is, the replicase polyprotein P0DTD1, the spike glycoprotein P0DTC2, and the nucleoprotein P0DTC9.	remdesivir	207-217	paired like homeodomain 2	Homo sapiens	220-223
34653416-2	2021	However, the precise working mechanism of RDV when targeting the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) has not been fully elucidated.	remdesivir	42-45	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	101-105
34653416-5	2021	A comparative investigation using an enterovirus RdRP further confirms similar delayed intervention and demonstrates that steric hindrance of the RDV-characteristic 1"-cyano at the -4 position is responsible for the "i+3" intervention, although two representative Flaviviridae RdRPs do not exhibit similar behavior.	remdesivir	146-149	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	49-53
34656075-0	2022	Whole Body PBPK Modeling of Remdesivir and its Metabolites to Aid in Estimating Active Metabolite Exposure in the Lung and Liver in Patients with Organ Dysfunction.	remdesivir	28-38	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	62-65
34538993-5	2021	It was found that 4b and 4c showed high binding scores against RNA dependent RNA polymerase reached -8.40 and -8.75 kcal/mol, respectively compared to the approved antiviral (remdesivir -6.77 kcal/mol).	remdesivir	175-185	4b and 4c	None	18-27
34637693-10	2021	The MDS of RdRp-ChEMBL1276156 and RdRp-PubChem135548348 complexes show enhanced stability in comparison to the RdRp-Remdesivir complex.	remdesivir	116-126	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	111-115
34637693-11	2021	The average interaction energy calculated after 100 ns of MDS was -146.56 and -172.68 KJ mol-1 for RdRp-CHEMBL1276156 complex and RdRp-PubChem135548348 complex, respectively, while -59.90 KJ mol-1 for RdRp-Remdesivir complex.	remdesivir	206-216	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	130-134
34637693-11	2021	The average interaction energy calculated after 100 ns of MDS was -146.56 and -172.68 KJ mol-1 for RdRp-CHEMBL1276156 complex and RdRp-PubChem135548348 complex, respectively, while -59.90 KJ mol-1 for RdRp-Remdesivir complex.	remdesivir	206-216	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	201-205
34311047-4	2021	At very high concentrations of RDV, there was partial inhibition of complex I- (IC50 675 micromol/L, residual activity 39.4 %) and complex II-linked (IC50 81.8 micromol/L, residual activity 40.7 %) respiration, without inhibition of complex IV-linked respiration, and partial inhibition both of MAO-A (IC50 26.6 micromol/L, residual activity 35.2 %) and MAO-B (IC50 89.8 micromol/L, residual activity 34.0 %) activity.	remdesivir	31-34	monoamine oxidase A	Homo sapiens	295-300
34632942-7	2021	With these findings, we performed molecular dynamics simulations, where BCD-8 edged out remdesivir with its exemplary stable interaction with SARS-CoV-2 RdRp.	remdesivir	88-98	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	153-157
34311047-4	2021	At very high concentrations of RDV, there was partial inhibition of complex I- (IC50 675 micromol/L, residual activity 39.4 %) and complex II-linked (IC50 81.8 micromol/L, residual activity 40.7 %) respiration, without inhibition of complex IV-linked respiration, and partial inhibition both of MAO-A (IC50 26.6 micromol/L, residual activity 35.2 %) and MAO-B (IC50 89.8 micromol/L, residual activity 34.0 %) activity.	remdesivir	31-34	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	354-359
34609482-9	2021	Mechanistically, we found that inhibition of DRP1, a regulator of mitochondrial fission, ameliorated the cardiotoxic effects of remdesivir, showing that remdesivir-induced cardiotoxicity was preventable and excessive mitochondrial fission might contribute to this phenotype.	remdesivir	128-138	utrophin	Homo sapiens	45-49
34631362-7	2021	Captopril, moexipril, benazepril, fosinopril, losartan, remdesivir, Sigma ACEI, NAA, and NAM interacted and docked at the interface of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein complex.	remdesivir	56-66	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	135-139
34631362-7	2021	Captopril, moexipril, benazepril, fosinopril, losartan, remdesivir, Sigma ACEI, NAA, and NAM interacted and docked at the interface of ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein complex.	remdesivir	56-66	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	155-160
34681595-1	2021	We report a lymphoma patient with profound B-cell deficiency after chemotherapy combined with anti-CD20 antibody successfully treated with remdesivir and convalescent plasma for prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection.	remdesivir	139-149	keratin 20	Homo sapiens	99-103
34642689-6	2021	We show that the most promising PLpro inhibitor is potent and selective, with activity in cell-based antiviral assays rivaling that of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor remdesivir.	remdesivir	178-188	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	32-37
34609482-9	2021	Mechanistically, we found that inhibition of DRP1, a regulator of mitochondrial fission, ameliorated the cardiotoxic effects of remdesivir, showing that remdesivir-induced cardiotoxicity was preventable and excessive mitochondrial fission might contribute to this phenotype.	remdesivir	153-163	utrophin	Homo sapiens	45-49
34517419-2	2021	Remdesivir, the broad-spectrum RdRp inhibitor acts as nucleoside-analogues (NAs).	remdesivir	0-10	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	31-35
34533107-9	2021	The results transpired that the binding affinity of Arjunetin is higher than Remdesivir in the RNA binding cavity of RdRp.	remdesivir	77-87	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	117-121
34611663-5	2022	Although early IFN deficiency leads to enhanced disease, blocking either viral replication with Remdesivir or the downstream IFN stimulated cascade by injecting anti-IFNAR2 in vivo in the chronic stages of disease attenuates many aspects of the overactive immune-inflammatory response, especially the inflammatory macrophage response, and most consequentially, the chronic disease itself.	remdesivir	96-106	interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 2	Homo sapiens	166-172
34641337-10	2021	Remdesivir, an RdRp inhibitor, exhibited an antiviral EC50 value of 2.4 microM in the same assay.	remdesivir	0-10	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	15-19
34370586-2	2021	titled, "Key Metabolic Enzymes in Remdesivir Activation in Lung Cells," validates the canonical McGuigan enzymes (CES1, CTSA, HINT1) involved in remdesivir"s (RDV"s) bioactivation using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches (1).....	remdesivir	34-44	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	114-118
34370586-2	2021	titled, "Key Metabolic Enzymes in Remdesivir Activation in Lung Cells," validates the canonical McGuigan enzymes (CES1, CTSA, HINT1) involved in remdesivir"s (RDV"s) bioactivation using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches (1).....	remdesivir	34-44	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	120-124
34370586-2	2021	titled, "Key Metabolic Enzymes in Remdesivir Activation in Lung Cells," validates the canonical McGuigan enzymes (CES1, CTSA, HINT1) involved in remdesivir"s (RDV"s) bioactivation using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches (1).....	remdesivir	34-44	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	126-131
34370586-2	2021	titled, "Key Metabolic Enzymes in Remdesivir Activation in Lung Cells," validates the canonical McGuigan enzymes (CES1, CTSA, HINT1) involved in remdesivir"s (RDV"s) bioactivation using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches (1).....	remdesivir	145-155	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	114-118
34370586-2	2021	titled, "Key Metabolic Enzymes in Remdesivir Activation in Lung Cells," validates the canonical McGuigan enzymes (CES1, CTSA, HINT1) involved in remdesivir"s (RDV"s) bioactivation using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches (1).....	remdesivir	145-155	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	120-124
34370586-2	2021	titled, "Key Metabolic Enzymes in Remdesivir Activation in Lung Cells," validates the canonical McGuigan enzymes (CES1, CTSA, HINT1) involved in remdesivir"s (RDV"s) bioactivation using bioinformatic and biochemical approaches (1).....	remdesivir	145-155	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	126-131
34963715-2	2021	We evaluated the utility of age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) as a predictor of outcome in COVID-19 patients treated with remdesivir.	remdesivir	134-144	renin binding protein	Homo sapiens	28-31
34497279-7	2021	Remdesivir strongly inhibited MRP4, OATP1B1/1B3, MATE1 and OCT1.	remdesivir	0-10	ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 4	Homo sapiens	30-34
34497279-7	2021	Remdesivir strongly inhibited MRP4, OATP1B1/1B3, MATE1 and OCT1.	remdesivir	0-10	solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1	Homo sapiens	36-47
34497279-7	2021	Remdesivir strongly inhibited MRP4, OATP1B1/1B3, MATE1 and OCT1.	remdesivir	0-10	solute carrier family 47 member 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
34497279-7	2021	Remdesivir strongly inhibited MRP4, OATP1B1/1B3, MATE1 and OCT1.	remdesivir	0-10	solute carrier family 22 member 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
34510834-0	2021	The COVID-19 Medicine Remdesivir Is Therapeutically Activated by Carboxylesterase-1, and Excessive Hydrolysis Increases Cytotoxicity.	remdesivir	22-32	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	65-83
34339634-2	2021	Nucleotide analogs such as remdesivir and favipiravir are thought to interfere with the RNA replication by RdRp.	remdesivir	27-37	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	107-111
34339634-6	2021	The ligand recognition ability of RdRp decreased in the order of remdesivir, favipiravir, and ATP.	remdesivir	65-75	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	34-38
34131052-6	2021	In one hundred hospitalized patients with COVID-19 treated with remdesivir, a trend toward lower NFL serum concentrations was observed.	remdesivir	64-74	neurofilament light chain	Homo sapiens	97-100
34512328-7	2021	In vitro experiments showed that remdesivir dose-dependently suppressed TGF-beta1-induced lung fibroblast activation and improved TGF-beta1-induced alveolar epithelial to mesenchymal transition.	remdesivir	33-43	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	130-139
34490343-0	2021	Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal the Interaction Fingerprint of Remdesivir Triphosphate Pivotal in Allosteric Regulation of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp.	remdesivir	69-79	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	140-144
34490343-3	2021	Remdesivir (RDV) is established to inhibit RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in distinct viral families including Ebola and SARS-CoV-2.	remdesivir	0-10	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	73-77
34490343-3	2021	Remdesivir (RDV) is established to inhibit RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) in distinct viral families including Ebola and SARS-CoV-2.	remdesivir	12-15	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	73-77
34483914-3	2021	Remdesivir and cyclosporine also separately reduced IL-6 production induced by HCoV-OC43 in human lung fibroblasts MRC-5 cells with EC50 values of 224 +- 53 nM and 1,292 +- 352 nM, respectively; and synergistically reduced it when combined.	remdesivir	0-10	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	52-56
34216889-4	2021	Successive interactions between RdRp (nsp12 alone or in complex with cofactors nsp7-8) and viral RNA demonstrated that the binding affinity values remained the same, but the sites of interaction of RdRp (highly conserved for homologous sequences from different organisms) were altered in the presence of selected antiviral drugs such as Remdesivir, and Sofosbuvir.	remdesivir	337-347	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	32-36
34216889-4	2021	Successive interactions between RdRp (nsp12 alone or in complex with cofactors nsp7-8) and viral RNA demonstrated that the binding affinity values remained the same, but the sites of interaction of RdRp (highly conserved for homologous sequences from different organisms) were altered in the presence of selected antiviral drugs such as Remdesivir, and Sofosbuvir.	remdesivir	337-347	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	79-85
34216889-4	2021	Successive interactions between RdRp (nsp12 alone or in complex with cofactors nsp7-8) and viral RNA demonstrated that the binding affinity values remained the same, but the sites of interaction of RdRp (highly conserved for homologous sequences from different organisms) were altered in the presence of selected antiviral drugs such as Remdesivir, and Sofosbuvir.	remdesivir	337-347	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	198-202
34282419-3	2021	Here we show that water-soluble derivatives of alpha-tocopherol have potent antiviral activity and synergize with remdesivir as inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp).	remdesivir	114-124	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	187-191
34282419-6	2021	In summary, we conclude that solubilizing modifications to alpha-tocopherol allow it to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp, making it an effective antiviral molecule alone and even more so in combination with remdesivir.	remdesivir	208-218	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	117-121
34512328-7	2021	In vitro experiments showed that remdesivir dose-dependently suppressed TGF-beta1-induced lung fibroblast activation and improved TGF-beta1-induced alveolar epithelial to mesenchymal transition.	remdesivir	33-43	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	72-81
34125594-4	2021	Our data collectively demonstrated that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and cathepsin A (CatA) are enzymes involved in hydrolyzing RDV to its alanine intermediate Met X, which is further hydrolyzed to the monophosphate form by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1).	remdesivir	125-128	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	40-58
34125594-4	2021	Our data collectively demonstrated that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and cathepsin A (CatA) are enzymes involved in hydrolyzing RDV to its alanine intermediate Met X, which is further hydrolyzed to the monophosphate form by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1).	remdesivir	125-128	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
34125594-4	2021	Our data collectively demonstrated that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and cathepsin A (CatA) are enzymes involved in hydrolyzing RDV to its alanine intermediate Met X, which is further hydrolyzed to the monophosphate form by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1).	remdesivir	125-128	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	70-81
34125594-4	2021	Our data collectively demonstrated that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and cathepsin A (CatA) are enzymes involved in hydrolyzing RDV to its alanine intermediate Met X, which is further hydrolyzed to the monophosphate form by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1).	remdesivir	125-128	cathepsin A	Homo sapiens	83-87
34125594-4	2021	Our data collectively demonstrated that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and cathepsin A (CatA) are enzymes involved in hydrolyzing RDV to its alanine intermediate Met X, which is further hydrolyzed to the monophosphate form by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1).	remdesivir	125-128	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	221-265
34125594-4	2021	Our data collectively demonstrated that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and cathepsin A (CatA) are enzymes involved in hydrolyzing RDV to its alanine intermediate Met X, which is further hydrolyzed to the monophosphate form by histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1).	remdesivir	125-128	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	267-272
34440200-6	2021	We confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 RdRp replicated double-stranded RNA using immunofluorescence staining and the inhibition of RdRp activity by remdesivir and lycorine using this system.	remdesivir	138-148	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	29-33
34440200-6	2021	We confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 RdRp replicated double-stranded RNA using immunofluorescence staining and the inhibition of RdRp activity by remdesivir and lycorine using this system.	remdesivir	138-148	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	121-125
34315339-2	2021	This study is aimed to find the most potent ligands from 703 analogs of remdesivir against RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus .	remdesivir	72-82	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	121-125
34305617-12	2021	Furthermore, the eigenvalues and the trace of the covariance matrix were found to be low in case of Mprotease-remdesivir, Mprotein-remdesivir, and RDRP-remdesivir.	remdesivir	152-162	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	147-151
34305617-6	2021	In this study, we proposed that remdesivir strongly binds to membrane protein (Mprotein), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP), and main protease (Mprotease) of SARS-CoV-2.	remdesivir	32-42	myomesin 2	Homo sapiens	79-87
34305617-13	2021	Binding of remdesivir to Mprotease, Mprotein, and RDRP reduces the average motions in protein due to its strong binding.	remdesivir	11-21	myomesin 2	Homo sapiens	36-44
34305617-6	2021	In this study, we proposed that remdesivir strongly binds to membrane protein (Mprotein), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP), and main protease (Mprotease) of SARS-CoV-2.	remdesivir	32-42	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	120-124
34305617-8	2021	It has been found that remdesivir binds to Mprotease, Mprotein, and RDRP with -7.8, -7.4, and -7.1 kcal/mol, respectively.	remdesivir	23-33	myomesin 2	Homo sapiens	54-62
34305617-13	2021	Binding of remdesivir to Mprotease, Mprotein, and RDRP reduces the average motions in protein due to its strong binding.	remdesivir	11-21	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	50-54
34305617-8	2021	It has been found that remdesivir binds to Mprotease, Mprotein, and RDRP with -7.8, -7.4, and -7.1 kcal/mol, respectively.	remdesivir	23-33	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	68-72
34305617-14	2021	The MMPBSA calculations also suggested that remdesivir has strong binding affinity with Mprotein, Mprotease, and RDRP.	remdesivir	44-54	myomesin 2	Homo sapiens	88-96
34305617-9	2021	The structure dynamics study suggested that binding of remdesivir leads to unfolding of RDRP.	remdesivir	55-65	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	88-92
34305617-14	2021	The MMPBSA calculations also suggested that remdesivir has strong binding affinity with Mprotein, Mprotease, and RDRP.	remdesivir	44-54	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	113-117
34305617-10	2021	It has been found that strong binding of remdesivir to Mprotein leads to decrease in structural deviations and gyrations.	remdesivir	41-51	myomesin 2	Homo sapiens	55-63
34305617-12	2021	Furthermore, the eigenvalues and the trace of the covariance matrix were found to be low in case of Mprotease-remdesivir, Mprotein-remdesivir, and RDRP-remdesivir.	remdesivir	131-141	myomesin 2	Homo sapiens	122-130
34273024-6	2021	Remdesivir leads to a slight phase-shift in Clock, Per1 and Per2.	remdesivir	0-10	clock circadian regulator	Homo sapiens	44-49
34229582-5	2021	A fourth drug, remdesivir, bound approximately equally to both the ACE2 and viral spike RBD, thus potentially increasing risk of viral infection by bringing the spike protein into closer proximity to the ACE2 receptor.	remdesivir	15-25	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	67-71
34229582-5	2021	A fourth drug, remdesivir, bound approximately equally to both the ACE2 and viral spike RBD, thus potentially increasing risk of viral infection by bringing the spike protein into closer proximity to the ACE2 receptor.	remdesivir	15-25	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	161-166
34276356-4	2021	Methods: Remdesivir and its active nucleoside metabolite GS-441524 were used to treat TGF-beta stimulated renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F) and human renal epithelial (HK2) cells.	remdesivir	9-19	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	86-94
34276356-10	2021	Results: Remdesivir and GS-441524 inhibited the expression of fibrotic markers (fibronectin and aSMA) in NRK-49F and HK2 cells.	remdesivir	9-19	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	80-91
34276356-14	2021	Phosphorylation of Smad3 that was enhanced in cell and animal models for renal fibrosis was attenuated by remdesivir.	remdesivir	106-116	SMAD family member 3	Homo sapiens	19-24
34276356-15	2021	In addition, the expression of Smad7, an anti-fibrotic factor, was increased after remdesivir treatment in vitro and in vivo.	remdesivir	83-93	SMAD family member 7	Homo sapiens	31-36
34337735-4	2021	RESULTS: Remdesivir is an inhibitor of CYP3A4 and may increase the plasma concentration of CYP3A4 substrates (e.g., fentanyl).	remdesivir	9-19	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	39-45
34337735-4	2021	RESULTS: Remdesivir is an inhibitor of CYP3A4 and may increase the plasma concentration of CYP3A4 substrates (e.g., fentanyl).	remdesivir	9-19	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	91-97
34273024-6	2021	Remdesivir leads to a slight phase-shift in Clock, Per1 and Per2.	remdesivir	0-10	period circadian regulator 2	Homo sapiens	60-64
34273024-7	2021	Significant different expressions of Bmal1 and Per3 were detected after remdesivir exposure: Bmal1 at ZT8 (t(22) = 3.26, p = 0.004), ZT24 (t(22) = - 2.66, p = 0.015), ZT28 (t(20) = - 2.14, p = 0.045) and Per3 at ZT8 (t(22) = - 4.27, p < 0.001) and ZT12 (t(22) = - 2.61, p = 0.016).	remdesivir	72-82	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like	Homo sapiens	37-42
34273024-7	2021	Significant different expressions of Bmal1 and Per3 were detected after remdesivir exposure: Bmal1 at ZT8 (t(22) = 3.26, p = 0.004), ZT24 (t(22) = - 2.66, p = 0.015), ZT28 (t(20) = - 2.14, p = 0.045) and Per3 at ZT8 (t(22) = - 4.27, p < 0.001) and ZT12 (t(22) = - 2.61, p = 0.016).	remdesivir	72-82	period circadian regulator 3	Homo sapiens	47-51
34273024-7	2021	Significant different expressions of Bmal1 and Per3 were detected after remdesivir exposure: Bmal1 at ZT8 (t(22) = 3.26, p = 0.004), ZT24 (t(22) = - 2.66, p = 0.015), ZT28 (t(20) = - 2.14, p = 0.045) and Per3 at ZT8 (t(22) = - 4.27, p < 0.001) and ZT12 (t(22) = - 2.61, p = 0.016).	remdesivir	72-82	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like	Homo sapiens	93-98
34273024-7	2021	Significant different expressions of Bmal1 and Per3 were detected after remdesivir exposure: Bmal1 at ZT8 (t(22) = 3.26, p = 0.004), ZT24 (t(22) = - 2.66, p = 0.015), ZT28 (t(20) = - 2.14, p = 0.045) and Per3 at ZT8 (t(22) = - 4.27, p < 0.001) and ZT12 (t(22) = - 2.61, p = 0.016).	remdesivir	72-82	period circadian regulator 3	Homo sapiens	204-208
34154407-4	2021	Our data show that adenosine and remdesivir triphosphates promote the synthesis of A-less RNAs, as does ppGpp, while amino acid substitutions at the NiRAN-RdRp interface augment activation, suggesting that ligand binding to the NiRAN catalytic site modulates RdRp activity.	remdesivir	33-43	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	155-159
34154407-4	2021	Our data show that adenosine and remdesivir triphosphates promote the synthesis of A-less RNAs, as does ppGpp, while amino acid substitutions at the NiRAN-RdRp interface augment activation, suggesting that ligand binding to the NiRAN catalytic site modulates RdRp activity.	remdesivir	33-43	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	259-263
34154407-9	2021	Using this assay, we demonstrate that RdRp is allosterically activated by nontemplating phosphorylated nucleotides, including naturally occurring alarmone ppGpp and synthetic remdesivir triphosphate.	remdesivir	175-185	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	38-42
34248355-6	2021	Based on comparative molecular docking and simulation studies of the selected phytocompounds with SARS-CoV-2 RdRp revealed that EBDGp possesses a stronger binding affinity (-23.32 kcal/mol) and stability than other phytocompounds and reference compound, Remdesivir (-19.36 kcal/mol).	remdesivir	254-264	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	109-113
34319869-6	2021	Lenvatinib is a broadly-acting host receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor, but the synergistic effect with remdesivir was not observed with other approved RTK inhibitors (such as pazopanib or sunitinib), suggesting that the mechanism-of-action is independent of host RTKs.	remdesivir	110-120	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	36-60
34248355-8	2021	Molecular docking and dynamic simulation results confirmed that EBDGp has better inhibitory potential than Remdesivir and can be an effective novel drug for SARS-CoV-2 RdRp.	remdesivir	107-117	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	168-172
33151166-7	2021	Our findings suggest an additional possible mechanism of action for remdesivir as an antiviral drug inhibiting COVID-19 Mpro.	remdesivir	68-78	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	120-124
34206274-1	2021	SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein is the target for the antiviral drug Remdesivir (RDV).	remdesivir	92-102	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	41-45
34206274-1	2021	SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein is the target for the antiviral drug Remdesivir (RDV).	remdesivir	104-107	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	41-45
34206274-4	2021	The current study sought to investigate whether A97V and P323L mutations influence the binding of RDV to the RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 compared to wild-type (WT).	remdesivir	98-101	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	109-113
34206274-5	2021	The interaction of RDV with WT-, A97V-, and P323L-RdRp were measured using molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, and the free binding energies were extracted.	remdesivir	19-22	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	50-54
34206274-6	2021	Results showed that RDV that bound to WT- and A97V-RdRp had a similar dynamic motion and internal residue fluctuations, whereas RDV interaction with P323L-RdRp exhibited a tighter molecular conformation, with a high internal motion near the active site.	remdesivir	20-23	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	51-55
34206274-6	2021	Results showed that RDV that bound to WT- and A97V-RdRp had a similar dynamic motion and internal residue fluctuations, whereas RDV interaction with P323L-RdRp exhibited a tighter molecular conformation, with a high internal motion near the active site.	remdesivir	20-23	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	155-159
34206274-6	2021	Results showed that RDV that bound to WT- and A97V-RdRp had a similar dynamic motion and internal residue fluctuations, whereas RDV interaction with P323L-RdRp exhibited a tighter molecular conformation, with a high internal motion near the active site.	remdesivir	128-131	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	155-159
34206274-7	2021	This was further corroborated with RDV showing a higher binding affinity to P323L-RdRp (-24.1 kcal/mol) in comparison to WT-RdRp (-17.3 kcal/mol).	remdesivir	35-38	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	82-86
34206274-8	2021	This study provides insight into the potential significance of administering RDV to patients carrying the SARS-CoV-2 P323L-RdRp mutation, which may have a more favourable chance of alleviating the SARS-CoV-2 illness in comparison to WT-RdRp carriers, thereby suggesting further scientific consensus for the usage of Remdesivir as clinical candidate against COVID-19.	remdesivir	77-80	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	123-127
34206274-8	2021	This study provides insight into the potential significance of administering RDV to patients carrying the SARS-CoV-2 P323L-RdRp mutation, which may have a more favourable chance of alleviating the SARS-CoV-2 illness in comparison to WT-RdRp carriers, thereby suggesting further scientific consensus for the usage of Remdesivir as clinical candidate against COVID-19.	remdesivir	316-326	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	123-127
34206274-8	2021	This study provides insight into the potential significance of administering RDV to patients carrying the SARS-CoV-2 P323L-RdRp mutation, which may have a more favourable chance of alleviating the SARS-CoV-2 illness in comparison to WT-RdRp carriers, thereby suggesting further scientific consensus for the usage of Remdesivir as clinical candidate against COVID-19.	remdesivir	316-326	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	236-240
35426564-0	2022	Remdesivir in Coronavirus Disease 2019 patients treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies: a case series.	remdesivir	0-10	keratin 20	Homo sapiens	66-70
34093539-0	2021	Remdesivir Alleviates Acute Kidney Injury by Inhibiting the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome.	remdesivir	0-10	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	74-79
34093539-3	2021	Here, we firstly reported that remdesivir (RDV, GS-5734), a broad-spectrum antiviral nucleotide prodrug, alleviated AKI by specifically inhibiting NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in macrophages.	remdesivir	31-41	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	147-196
34093539-3	2021	Here, we firstly reported that remdesivir (RDV, GS-5734), a broad-spectrum antiviral nucleotide prodrug, alleviated AKI by specifically inhibiting NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in macrophages.	remdesivir	31-41	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	198-203
34093539-3	2021	Here, we firstly reported that remdesivir (RDV, GS-5734), a broad-spectrum antiviral nucleotide prodrug, alleviated AKI by specifically inhibiting NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in macrophages.	remdesivir	43-46	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	147-196
34093539-3	2021	Here, we firstly reported that remdesivir (RDV, GS-5734), a broad-spectrum antiviral nucleotide prodrug, alleviated AKI by specifically inhibiting NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in macrophages.	remdesivir	43-46	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	198-203
34093539-3	2021	Here, we firstly reported that remdesivir (RDV, GS-5734), a broad-spectrum antiviral nucleotide prodrug, alleviated AKI by specifically inhibiting NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in macrophages.	remdesivir	48-55	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	147-196
34093539-3	2021	Here, we firstly reported that remdesivir (RDV, GS-5734), a broad-spectrum antiviral nucleotide prodrug, alleviated AKI by specifically inhibiting NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in macrophages.	remdesivir	48-55	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	198-203
34093539-4	2021	Mechanically, RDV effectively suppressed the activities of nuclear transcription factor (NF)-kappaB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which further led to the reduction of the inflammasome genes of NLRP3 transcription, limiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo and in vitro.	remdesivir	14-17	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	59-99
34093539-4	2021	Mechanically, RDV effectively suppressed the activities of nuclear transcription factor (NF)-kappaB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which further led to the reduction of the inflammasome genes of NLRP3 transcription, limiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo and in vitro.	remdesivir	14-17	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	206-211
34093539-4	2021	Mechanically, RDV effectively suppressed the activities of nuclear transcription factor (NF)-kappaB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which further led to the reduction of the inflammasome genes of NLRP3 transcription, limiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in vivo and in vitro.	remdesivir	14-17	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	254-259
34093539-5	2021	RDV also inhibited other pro-inflammatory genes including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, IL-1beta, and interferon-beta (IFN-beta), leading to the reduction of inflammatory factors release.	remdesivir	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	58-85
34093539-5	2021	RDV also inhibited other pro-inflammatory genes including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, IL-1beta, and interferon-beta (IFN-beta), leading to the reduction of inflammatory factors release.	remdesivir	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	87-96
34093539-5	2021	RDV also inhibited other pro-inflammatory genes including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, IL-1beta, and interferon-beta (IFN-beta), leading to the reduction of inflammatory factors release.	remdesivir	0-3	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	99-112
34093539-5	2021	RDV also inhibited other pro-inflammatory genes including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, IL-1beta, and interferon-beta (IFN-beta), leading to the reduction of inflammatory factors release.	remdesivir	0-3	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	114-118
34093539-5	2021	RDV also inhibited other pro-inflammatory genes including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, IL-1beta, and interferon-beta (IFN-beta), leading to the reduction of inflammatory factors release.	remdesivir	0-3	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	128-136
34093539-5	2021	RDV also inhibited other pro-inflammatory genes including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, IL-1beta, and interferon-beta (IFN-beta), leading to the reduction of inflammatory factors release.	remdesivir	0-3	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	142-157
34093539-5	2021	RDV also inhibited other pro-inflammatory genes including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, IL-1beta, and interferon-beta (IFN-beta), leading to the reduction of inflammatory factors release.	remdesivir	0-3	IFN1@	Homo sapiens	159-167
34568544-7	2021	Meanwhile, bexarotene and cetilistat bind more tightly to the SARS-CoV-2 main protease and the ACE2 receptor, respectively, than remdesivir, a potential treatment for COVID-19 that is the first FDA-approved drug against this virus.	remdesivir	129-139	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	95-99
34107241-9	2021	GS-5734, but not GS-441524, is predicted to be metabolized by CYP3A4.	remdesivir	0-7	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	62-68
34107241-20	2021	GS-5734, but not GS-441524, is predicted to be metabolized by CYP3A4.	remdesivir	0-7	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	62-68
35475235-0	2022	Unraveling the binding mechanism of the active form of Remdesivir to RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 and designing new potential analogues: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations.	remdesivir	55-65	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	69-73
35475235-1	2022	The binding of the active form of Remdesivir (RTP) to RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 was studied using molecular dynamics simulation.	remdesivir	34-44	MORN repeat containing 4	Homo sapiens	46-49
35475235-1	2022	The binding of the active form of Remdesivir (RTP) to RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV-2 was studied using molecular dynamics simulation.	remdesivir	34-44	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	84-88
35595082-9	2022	Interestingly, the U87.ACE2+ cells could be successfully implemented in an MTS-based colorimetric CPE reduction assay, providing IC50 values for Remdesivir and Nirmatrelvir in the (low) nanomolar range.	remdesivir	145-155	small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 87	Homo sapiens	19-22
35595082-9	2022	Interestingly, the U87.ACE2+ cells could be successfully implemented in an MTS-based colorimetric CPE reduction assay, providing IC50 values for Remdesivir and Nirmatrelvir in the (low) nanomolar range.	remdesivir	145-155	angiotensin converting enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	23-27
34136511-5	2021	RdRp is a prime target for Remdesivir and other nucleotides analog-based antiviral drugs.	remdesivir	27-37	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	0-4
34136511-6	2021	In this study, we showed three bioactive molecules from tea (epicatechin-3,5-di-O-gallate, epigallocatechin-3,5-di-O-gallate, and epigallocatechin-3,4-di-O-gallate) that showed better interaction with critical residues present at the catalytic center and the NTP entry channel of RdRp than antiviral drugs Remdesivir and Favipiravir.	remdesivir	306-316	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	280-284
34069681-2	2021	Currently, the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, encoded by nsp12-nsp7-nsp8) has been targeted by numerous inhibitors, e.g., remdesivir, the only provisionally approved treatment to-date, although the clinical impact of these interventions remains inconclusive.	remdesivir	138-148	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	56-60
34069681-2	2021	Currently, the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, encoded by nsp12-nsp7-nsp8) has been targeted by numerous inhibitors, e.g., remdesivir, the only provisionally approved treatment to-date, although the clinical impact of these interventions remains inconclusive.	remdesivir	138-148	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	79-83
34069681-2	2021	Currently, the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, encoded by nsp12-nsp7-nsp8) has been targeted by numerous inhibitors, e.g., remdesivir, the only provisionally approved treatment to-date, although the clinical impact of these interventions remains inconclusive.	remdesivir	138-148	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	84-88
34069681-4	2021	Here, we propose a framework to monitor the emergence of antiviral resistance, and as a proof of concept, we address the interaction between RdRp and remdesivir.	remdesivir	150-160	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	141-145
35510477-3	2022	The results reveal a comparable binding affinity of sofosbuvir, galidesivir, ribavirin and remdesivir compared with the physiological nucleotide triphosphates against R. oryzae RdRp as well as the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp as reported before.	remdesivir	91-101	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	177-181
35510477-3	2022	The results reveal a comparable binding affinity of sofosbuvir, galidesivir, ribavirin and remdesivir compared with the physiological nucleotide triphosphates against R. oryzae RdRp as well as the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp as reported before.	remdesivir	91-101	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	208-212
35633739-5	2022	We recently showed that SF2523, a dual activity small molecule that inhibits PI3K and BRD4, acts synergistically with the antiviral drugs remdesivir and MU-UNMC-2.	remdesivir	138-148	bromodomain containing 4	Homo sapiens	86-90
35426564-2	2022	We aim to present our experience with remdesivir treatment in anti-CD20-treated patients with prolonged symptoms, a patient population for which no data from randomized controlled trials are available.	remdesivir	38-48	keratin 20	Homo sapiens	67-71
35426564-3	2022	METHODS: From the beginning of the pandemic until February 2021, we included all consecutive patients from our healthcare network on anti-CD20 treatment with prolonged COVID-19 symptoms, who received remdesivir.	remdesivir	200-210	keratin 20	Homo sapiens	138-142
35503561-5	2022	Specifically, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-induced MC degranulation resulted in alveolar-capillary injury, while pretreatment of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells with antihistamines prevented adhesion junction disruption; predictably, the combination of antiviral drug remdesivir with the antihistamine loratadine, a histamine receptor 1 (HR1) antagonist, dampened viral replication and inflammation, thereby greatly reducing lung injury.	remdesivir	274-284	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	25-30
35465139-2	2022	Our study analyzes the binding mode of both natural triphosphate substrates as well as remdesivir triphosphate (the active form of drug), which is bound preferentially over ATP by RdRp while being poorly recognized by human RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II).	remdesivir	87-97	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	180-184
35508799-4	2022	RESULTS: Based on the docking scores predicted by ADV and AD, most vortioxetine derivatives showed better binding efficiency towards Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with remdesivir (an EUA approved drug against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) and vortioxetine.	remdesivir	171-181	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	133-137
35435671-2	2022	Remdesivir is a nucleotide analogue that targets the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2.	remdesivir	0-10	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	83-87
35435671-4	2022	Several hypotheses of the mechanism of inhibition of RdRp by remdesivir have been proposed, although open questions remain.	remdesivir	61-71	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	53-57
35435671-5	2022	This work uses molecular dynamics simulations to explore the impact of remdesivir and two analogues as incoming nucleotides and of up to four incorporations of remdesivir along the primer strand on RdRp.	remdesivir	71-81	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	198-202
35435671-5	2022	This work uses molecular dynamics simulations to explore the impact of remdesivir and two analogues as incoming nucleotides and of up to four incorporations of remdesivir along the primer strand on RdRp.	remdesivir	160-170	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	198-202
35435671-6	2022	The simulation results suggest that the overall structure and the dynamical behavior of RdRp are destabilized by remdesivir and the two analogues in the incoming position.	remdesivir	113-123	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	88-92
35435671-7	2022	The incorporation of remdesivir along the primer strand impacts specific non-bonded interactions between the nascent RNA and the polymerase subunit, as well as the overall dynamical networks on RdRp.	remdesivir	21-31	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	194-198
35435671-9	2022	Our results provide atomic-level details of the role played by remdesivir on the disruption of RNA synthesis by RdRp and the main drivers of these disruptions.	remdesivir	63-73	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	112-116
35534369-11	2022	CONCLUSIONS: The benefits of remdesivir administered with dexamethasone and tocilizumab in hospitalized COVID-19 patients differ depending on Ct and CRP.	remdesivir	29-39	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	149-152
35634324-2	2022	Remdesivir inhibits viral RdRp, controls the multiplication of the virus, and protects patients.	remdesivir	0-10	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	26-30
35634324-9	2022	Simultaneously, remdesivir and baricitinib as a combination inhibit their target viral RdRp and human Janus kinase, respectively.	remdesivir	16-26	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	87-91
35534369-10	2022	The risk of primary and secondary outcomes with remdesivir differed by Ct and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients receiving CIT: for 28 day mortality, the aHR was 0.48 (95% CI = 0.21-1.11) for Ct <25, 0.12 (95% CI = 0.02-0.66) for Ct <25 and <5 day symptom duration and 0.13 (95% CI = 0.03-0.50) for CRP <38 mg/L; for IMV and IMV/death, the aHR was 0.32 (95% CI = 0.13-0.77) and 0.33 (95% CI = 0.17-0.63), respectively, in patients with Ct <25.	remdesivir	48-58	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	78-96
35632716-7	2022	Lastly, we showed that expression of the reporter genes, N gene, gRNA, and sgRNA from the replicon was sensitive to inhibition by Remdesivir.	remdesivir	130-140	nucleocapsid phosphoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	57-58
35534369-10	2022	The risk of primary and secondary outcomes with remdesivir differed by Ct and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients receiving CIT: for 28 day mortality, the aHR was 0.48 (95% CI = 0.21-1.11) for Ct <25, 0.12 (95% CI = 0.02-0.66) for Ct <25 and <5 day symptom duration and 0.13 (95% CI = 0.03-0.50) for CRP <38 mg/L; for IMV and IMV/death, the aHR was 0.32 (95% CI = 0.13-0.77) and 0.33 (95% CI = 0.17-0.63), respectively, in patients with Ct <25.	remdesivir	48-58	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	98-101
35125520-9	2022	The LC-MS/MS analysis for the active metabolite of REM (Nuc) reported by Avataneo et al.	remdesivir	51-54	nucleobindin 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
35505633-5	2022	A recent study identified that remdesivir and the active metabolite of molnupiravir, EIDD-1931, are substrates of equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 and 2 (ENT1 and 2).	remdesivir	31-41	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	161-171
35192051-1	2022	The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using potential drugs: remdesivir and glucocorticoid in treating children and adolescents with COVID-19 and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in treating MIS-C. We searched seven databases, three preprint platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google from December 1, 2019, to August 5, 2021, to collect evidence of remdesivir, glucocorticoid, and IVIG which were used in children and adolescents with COVID-19 or MIS-C. A total of nine cohort studies and one case series study were included in this systematic review.	remdesivir	103-113	anti-Mullerian hormone	Homo sapiens	234-237
35192051-1	2022	The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using potential drugs: remdesivir and glucocorticoid in treating children and adolescents with COVID-19 and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in treating MIS-C. We searched seven databases, three preprint platform, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google from December 1, 2019, to August 5, 2021, to collect evidence of remdesivir, glucocorticoid, and IVIG which were used in children and adolescents with COVID-19 or MIS-C. A total of nine cohort studies and one case series study were included in this systematic review.	remdesivir	103-113	anti-Mullerian hormone	Homo sapiens	489-492
35192051-6	2022	What is Known:   The efficacy and safety of using potential drugs such as remdesivir, glucocorticoid, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in treating children and adolescents with COVID-19/MIS-C are unclear.	remdesivir	74-84	anti-Mullerian hormone	Homo sapiens	191-194
35229634-7	2022	This was consistent with the effects of cobicistat on two of its known targets, CYP3A4 and P-gp, the silencing of which boosted the in vitro antiviral activity of remdesivir in a cobicistat-like manner.	remdesivir	163-173	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	80-86
35403091-12	2022	For E gene and N gene, Remdesivir showed IC50 of 0.15 microM and 0.11 microM respectively, For E gene and N gene, E4 showed IC50 of 1.18 microg and 1.16 microg respectively.	remdesivir	23-33	nucleocapsid phosphoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	15-16
35185356-8	2022	The availability of FDA-approved anti-RdRp drugs (Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir) as potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 that tightly bind to its RdRp may aid in the treatment of patients and reduce the risk of the mysterious new form of COVID-19 viral infection.	remdesivir	61-71	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	38-42
35185356-8	2022	The availability of FDA-approved anti-RdRp drugs (Ribavirin, Remdesivir, Sofosbuvir, Galidesivir, and Tenofovir) as potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 that tightly bind to its RdRp may aid in the treatment of patients and reduce the risk of the mysterious new form of COVID-19 viral infection.	remdesivir	61-71	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	173-177
35185356-9	2022	RdRp inhibitors, such as remdesivir (an anti-Ebola virus experimental drug) and favipiravir (an anti-influenza drug), inhibit RdRp and thus slow the progression of COVID-19 and associated clinical symptoms, as well as significantly shorten recovery time.	remdesivir	25-35	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	0-4
35185356-9	2022	RdRp inhibitors, such as remdesivir (an anti-Ebola virus experimental drug) and favipiravir (an anti-influenza drug), inhibit RdRp and thus slow the progression of COVID-19 and associated clinical symptoms, as well as significantly shorten recovery time.	remdesivir	25-35	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	126-130
35482820-9	2022	Biochemical analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp encoding S759A demonstrated a roughly 10-fold decreased preference for RDV-triphosphate (RDV-TP) as a substrate, whereas nsp12-V792I diminished the uridine-triphosphate (UTP) concentration needed to overcome template-dependent inhibition associated with RDV.	remdesivir	111-114	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	35-39
35482820-9	2022	Biochemical analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp encoding S759A demonstrated a roughly 10-fold decreased preference for RDV-triphosphate (RDV-TP) as a substrate, whereas nsp12-V792I diminished the uridine-triphosphate (UTP) concentration needed to overcome template-dependent inhibition associated with RDV.	remdesivir	129-132	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	35-39
35229634-7	2022	This was consistent with the effects of cobicistat on two of its known targets, CYP3A4 and P-gp, the silencing of which boosted the in vitro antiviral activity of remdesivir in a cobicistat-like manner.	remdesivir	163-173	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	91-95
35464436-4	2022	Nucleotide analogs (NAs), such as remdesivir, is the most promising class of RdRp inhibitors to be used in the treatment of COVID-19.	remdesivir	34-44	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	77-81
35464436-10	2022	We demonstrated that the active triphosphate form of remdesivir (RTP) and several reported non-nucleotide analog viral polymerase inhibitors blocked the RdRp in the in vitro RdRp activity assay and high-throughput screening model.	remdesivir	53-63	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	153-157
35464436-10	2022	We demonstrated that the active triphosphate form of remdesivir (RTP) and several reported non-nucleotide analog viral polymerase inhibitors blocked the RdRp in the in vitro RdRp activity assay and high-throughput screening model.	remdesivir	53-63	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	174-178
35443454-13	2022	Severe patients were divided into 2 groups, who took injection Remdesivir along with antibiotics, LMWH, systemic steroids vs who didn"t, and CRP level were compared, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.06).	remdesivir	63-73	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	141-144
35380126-6	2022	Docking studies show that this unique supramolecular structure of a trinuclear zinc complex has potential for binding to the main protease (Mpro) in SARS-CoV-2 in a different location from Remdesivir, but with a similar binding strength.	remdesivir	189-199	NEWENTRY	Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus	140-144
35114539-8	2022	The RDV-TNP-1 exhibited a significantly improved antiviral effect compared to RDV at the same concentration.	remdesivir	4-7	spermatid nuclear transition protein 1	Chlorocebus sabaeus	8-13
35401177-10	2022	We detected a significant association between remdesivir and AKI: ROR = 2.81, 95% CI (2.48, 3.18).	remdesivir	46-56	receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 2	Homo sapiens	66-73
35378756-6	2022	Restricted expression of viral gRNA and sgRNA in CD169 + macrophages elicited a pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta) in a RIG-I, MDA-5 and MAVS-dependent manner, which was suppressed by remdesivir pre- treatment.	remdesivir	216-226	sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
35378756-6	2022	Restricted expression of viral gRNA and sgRNA in CD169 + macrophages elicited a pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta) in a RIG-I, MDA-5 and MAVS-dependent manner, which was suppressed by remdesivir pre- treatment.	remdesivir	216-226	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	118-126
35378756-6	2022	Restricted expression of viral gRNA and sgRNA in CD169 + macrophages elicited a pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta) in a RIG-I, MDA-5 and MAVS-dependent manner, which was suppressed by remdesivir pre- treatment.	remdesivir	216-226	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	128-132
35378756-6	2022	Restricted expression of viral gRNA and sgRNA in CD169 + macrophages elicited a pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta) in a RIG-I, MDA-5 and MAVS-dependent manner, which was suppressed by remdesivir pre- treatment.	remdesivir	216-226	interferon induced with helicase C domain 1	Homo sapiens	159-164
35408639-6	2022	The results showed that ibuprofen acts as a non-competitive inhibitor for CYP3A2 activity with Ki = 224.981 +- 1.854 microM and IC50 = 230.552 +- 2.020 microM, although remdesivir showed a mixed inhibition pattern with a Ki = 22.504 +- 0.008 microM and IC50 = 45.007 +- 0.016 microM.	remdesivir	169-179	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	74-80
35114539-7	2022	Next, we tested the effectiveness of the most performing nanoprotopype, TNP-1, loaded with a model anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug such as remdesivir (RDV), on antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells.	remdesivir	128-138	transition protein 1	Homo sapiens	72-77
35114539-7	2022	Next, we tested the effectiveness of the most performing nanoprotopype, TNP-1, loaded with a model anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug such as remdesivir (RDV), on antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 cells.	remdesivir	140-143	transition protein 1	Homo sapiens	72-77
35032523-1	2022	The utility of remdesivir treatment in COVID-19 patients is currently limited by the necessity to administer this antiviral intravenously, which has generally limited its use to hospitalized patients.	remdesivir	15-25	hyaluronan synthase 1	Homo sapiens	145-148
35233566-5	2022	Two emerging mutations may be of particular concern: the N1192S mutation in spike protein locates in an extremely highly conserved region of all human coronaviruses that is integral to the viral fusion process, and the F694Y mutation in the RNA polymerase may induce conformational changes that could impact Remdesivir binding.	remdesivir	308-318	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	76-81
35033572-2	2022	Remdesivir, a broad-spectrum inhibitor of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), was extensively prescribed under emergency use authorization during the first 18 months of the COVID19 pandemic, before randomized controlled trials showed poor efficacy in hospitalized patients.	remdesivir	0-10	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	82-86
35033572-3	2022	RdRp mutations conferring resistance to remdesivir are well known from in vitro studies, and the huge SARS-CoV-2 sequencing effort during the ongoing COVID19 pandemic represents an unprecedented opportunity to assess emergence and fitness of antiviral resistance in vivo.	remdesivir	40-50	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	0-4
35425333-8	2022	It offers new potential binders or blockers of RdRp that bind to the protein active site tighter than remdesivir.	remdesivir	102-112	ORF1a polyprotein;ORF1ab polyprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	47-51
35105678-0	2022	A Comment on "Remdesivir and EIDD-1931 Interact with Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters 1 and 2: Implications for Reaching SARS-CoV-2 Viral Sanctuary Sites".	remdesivir	14-24	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	59-104
35105679-0	2022	Response to Comments on "Remdesivir and EIDD-1931 Interact with Human Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporters 1 and 2: Implications for Reaching SARS-CoV-2 Viral Sanctuary Sites".	remdesivir	25-35	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	70-115
35066500-12	2022	PTX3 appears to be a useful clinical biomarker to predict 30-day respiratory failure and mortality risk in COVID-19 patients treated with and without remdesivir and dexamethasone.	remdesivir	150-160	pentraxin 3	Homo sapiens	0-4
35373125-10	2022	Among patients who were not on dialysis prior to initiating remdesivir, one developed worsening kidney function (defined as >=50% increase in creatinine or initiation of KRT) compared with three in the historical control group.	remdesivir	60-70	keratin 126, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	170-173
35215765-7	2022	A nanoluciferase reporter clone with deletion of spike (S), envelope (E), and membrane (M) proteins exhibited high levels of transient replication, was inhibited by remdesivir, and therefore could function as an efficient non-infectious subgenomic replicon system.	remdesivir	165-175	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	49-54
35215765-7	2022	A nanoluciferase reporter clone with deletion of spike (S), envelope (E), and membrane (M) proteins exhibited high levels of transient replication, was inhibited by remdesivir, and therefore could function as an efficient non-infectious subgenomic replicon system.	remdesivir	165-175	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	56-57
35215765-7	2022	A nanoluciferase reporter clone with deletion of spike (S), envelope (E), and membrane (M) proteins exhibited high levels of transient replication, was inhibited by remdesivir, and therefore could function as an efficient non-infectious subgenomic replicon system.	remdesivir	165-175	membrane glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	60-86
34850210-9	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with remdesivir leads to a 35.9% reduction in LCS rate in follow-up.	remdesivir	28-38	LCS1	Homo sapiens	69-72
35417658-8	2022	We found that the expression level of FOXO3, Bax, and Bim increased, whereas Bcl-2, caspase-3, and caspase-7 decreased by remdesivir in SKOV3 cells.	remdesivir	122-132	forkhead box O3	Homo sapiens	38-43
35417658-8	2022	We found that the expression level of FOXO3, Bax, and Bim increased, whereas Bcl-2, caspase-3, and caspase-7 decreased by remdesivir in SKOV3 cells.	remdesivir	122-132	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	45-48
35417658-8	2022	We found that the expression level of FOXO3, Bax, and Bim increased, whereas Bcl-2, caspase-3, and caspase-7 decreased by remdesivir in SKOV3 cells.	remdesivir	122-132	BCL2 like 11	Homo sapiens	54-57
35417658-8	2022	We found that the expression level of FOXO3, Bax, and Bim increased, whereas Bcl-2, caspase-3, and caspase-7 decreased by remdesivir in SKOV3 cells.	remdesivir	122-132	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	77-82
35417658-8	2022	We found that the expression level of FOXO3, Bax, and Bim increased, whereas Bcl-2, caspase-3, and caspase-7 decreased by remdesivir in SKOV3 cells.	remdesivir	122-132	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	84-93
35417658-8	2022	We found that the expression level of FOXO3, Bax, and Bim increased, whereas Bcl-2, caspase-3, and caspase-7 decreased by remdesivir in SKOV3 cells.	remdesivir	122-132	caspase 7	Homo sapiens	99-108
35498163-1	2022	Objective: To study structure-specific solubilization effect of Sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-beta-CD) on Remdesivir (RDV) and to understand the experimental clathration with the aid of quantum mechanics (QM), molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations.	remdesivir	116-126	ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor	Homo sapiens	104-111
35498163-1	2022	Objective: To study structure-specific solubilization effect of Sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBE-beta-CD) on Remdesivir (RDV) and to understand the experimental clathration with the aid of quantum mechanics (QM), molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations.	remdesivir	128-131	ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor	Homo sapiens	104-111
35498163-4	2022	Results: The phase solubility and solubilization effect of RDV in SBE-beta-CD were explored kinetically and thermodynamically for each assessed condition.	remdesivir	59-62	ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor	Homo sapiens	70-77
35498163-5	2022	An optimal drug / SBE-beta-CD feeding molar ratio was determined stoichiometrically for RDV solubility in pH1.7 solution.	remdesivir	88-91	ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor	Homo sapiens	22-29
35498163-7	2022	A possible hypothesis was raised to elucidate the experimentally observed stabilization of supersaturation based on the proposed RDV Cation A /SBE-beta-CD pocket conformations.	remdesivir	129-132	ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor	Homo sapiens	147-154
35498163-8	2022	Conclusion: The computational explorations conformed to the experimentally determined phase solubilization and well elucidated the mechanism of macroscopic clathration between RDV and SBE-beta-CD from the perspective of microscopic molecular calculations.	remdesivir	176-179	ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor	Homo sapiens	188-195
35262828-12	2022	Standard antiviral drug remdesivir on docking showed a binding affinity of - 5.8 kcal/mol with PLpro, - 6.4 kcal/mol with 3CLpro, and - 8.6 kcal/mol with spike protein receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, the discovered hit molecules quercetin 3-O-arabinoside 7-O-rhamnoside showed binding affinity of - 8.2 kcal/mol with PLpro, whereas quercetin 3-(rhamnosyl-(1- > 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) and quercetin-3-neohesperidoside-7-rhamnoside was predicted to have a binding affinity of - 8.5 kcal/mol and - 8.8 kcal/mol with spike protein receptor-binding domain and 3CLpro respectively CONCLUSION: Docking study revealed quercetin 3-O-arabinoside 7-O-rhamnoside to possess the highest binding affinity with papain-like protease, quercetin 3-(rhamnosyl-(1- > 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) with spike protein receptor-binding domain, and quercetin-3-neohesperidoside-7-rhamnoside with 3C-like protease and all the protein-ligand complexes were found to be stable after performing the normal mode analysis of the complexes in internal coordinates.	remdesivir	24-34	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	154-159
35262828-12	2022	Standard antiviral drug remdesivir on docking showed a binding affinity of - 5.8 kcal/mol with PLpro, - 6.4 kcal/mol with 3CLpro, and - 8.6 kcal/mol with spike protein receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, the discovered hit molecules quercetin 3-O-arabinoside 7-O-rhamnoside showed binding affinity of - 8.2 kcal/mol with PLpro, whereas quercetin 3-(rhamnosyl-(1- > 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) and quercetin-3-neohesperidoside-7-rhamnoside was predicted to have a binding affinity of - 8.5 kcal/mol and - 8.8 kcal/mol with spike protein receptor-binding domain and 3CLpro respectively CONCLUSION: Docking study revealed quercetin 3-O-arabinoside 7-O-rhamnoside to possess the highest binding affinity with papain-like protease, quercetin 3-(rhamnosyl-(1- > 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) with spike protein receptor-binding domain, and quercetin-3-neohesperidoside-7-rhamnoside with 3C-like protease and all the protein-ligand complexes were found to be stable after performing the normal mode analysis of the complexes in internal coordinates.	remdesivir	24-34	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	527-532
35262828-12	2022	Standard antiviral drug remdesivir on docking showed a binding affinity of - 5.8 kcal/mol with PLpro, - 6.4 kcal/mol with 3CLpro, and - 8.6 kcal/mol with spike protein receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2, the discovered hit molecules quercetin 3-O-arabinoside 7-O-rhamnoside showed binding affinity of - 8.2 kcal/mol with PLpro, whereas quercetin 3-(rhamnosyl-(1- > 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) and quercetin-3-neohesperidoside-7-rhamnoside was predicted to have a binding affinity of - 8.5 kcal/mol and - 8.8 kcal/mol with spike protein receptor-binding domain and 3CLpro respectively CONCLUSION: Docking study revealed quercetin 3-O-arabinoside 7-O-rhamnoside to possess the highest binding affinity with papain-like protease, quercetin 3-(rhamnosyl-(1- > 2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside) with spike protein receptor-binding domain, and quercetin-3-neohesperidoside-7-rhamnoside with 3C-like protease and all the protein-ligand complexes were found to be stable after performing the normal mode analysis of the complexes in internal coordinates.	remdesivir	24-34	surface glycoprotein	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2	796-801