PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text compound_name comp_offset prot_official_name organism prot_offset 23435942-6 2013 This review discusses the different classes of cholinesterase inhibitors including tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, xanthostigmine, para-aminobenzoic acid, coumarin, flavonoid, and pyrrolo-isoxazole analogues developed for the treatment of AD. Galantamin 117-128 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 47-61 23408070-4 2013 Donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with different pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiles. Galantamin 11-22 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 44-64 23408070-5 2013 Donepezil inhibits selectively the acetylcholinesterase and has a long elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of 70 h. Galantamine is also a selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, but also modulates presynaptic nicotinic receptors. Galantamin 111-122 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 35-55 23408070-5 2013 Donepezil inhibits selectively the acetylcholinesterase and has a long elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of 70 h. Galantamine is also a selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, but also modulates presynaptic nicotinic receptors. Galantamin 111-122 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 143-163 23408070-6 2013 It has a t(1/2) of 6-8 h. Donepezil and galantamine are mainly metabolised by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A4 in the liver. Galantamin 40-51 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 78-103 23408070-6 2013 It has a t(1/2) of 6-8 h. Donepezil and galantamine are mainly metabolised by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A4 in the liver. Galantamin 40-51 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 108-114 23408070-13 2013 Some pharmacogenetic studies conducted on donepezil and galantamine reported an influence of the CYP2D6 genotype on the pharmacokinetics of the drugs and/or on the response to treatment. Galantamin 56-67 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 97-103 23503455-0 2013 Relationship of CYP2D6, CYP3A, POR, and ABCB1 genotypes with galantamine plasma concentrations. Galantamin 61-72 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 16-22 23503455-0 2013 Relationship of CYP2D6, CYP3A, POR, and ABCB1 genotypes with galantamine plasma concentrations. Galantamin 61-72 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 31-34 23503455-0 2013 Relationship of CYP2D6, CYP3A, POR, and ABCB1 genotypes with galantamine plasma concentrations. Galantamin 61-72 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 40-45 23503455-1 2013 BACKGROUND: The frequently prescribed antidementia drug galantamine is extensively metabolized by the enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A and is a substrate of the P-glycoprotein. Galantamin 56-67 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 110-135 23503455-1 2013 BACKGROUND: The frequently prescribed antidementia drug galantamine is extensively metabolized by the enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 and CYP3A and is a substrate of the P-glycoprotein. Galantamin 56-67 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 140-145 23503455-5 2013 RESULTS: The CYP2D6 genotype seemed to be an important determinant of galantamine pharmacokinetics, with CYP2D6 poor metabolizers presenting 45% and 61% higher dose-adjusted galantamine plasma concentrations than heterozygous and homozygous CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (median 2.9 versus 2.0 ng/mL mg, P = 0.025, and 1.8 ng/mL mg, P = 0.004), respectively. Galantamin 70-81 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 13-19 23503455-5 2013 RESULTS: The CYP2D6 genotype seemed to be an important determinant of galantamine pharmacokinetics, with CYP2D6 poor metabolizers presenting 45% and 61% higher dose-adjusted galantamine plasma concentrations than heterozygous and homozygous CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (median 2.9 versus 2.0 ng/mL mg, P = 0.025, and 1.8 ng/mL mg, P = 0.004), respectively. Galantamin 70-81 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 105-111 23503455-5 2013 RESULTS: The CYP2D6 genotype seemed to be an important determinant of galantamine pharmacokinetics, with CYP2D6 poor metabolizers presenting 45% and 61% higher dose-adjusted galantamine plasma concentrations than heterozygous and homozygous CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (median 2.9 versus 2.0 ng/mL mg, P = 0.025, and 1.8 ng/mL mg, P = 0.004), respectively. Galantamin 70-81 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 105-111 23503455-5 2013 RESULTS: The CYP2D6 genotype seemed to be an important determinant of galantamine pharmacokinetics, with CYP2D6 poor metabolizers presenting 45% and 61% higher dose-adjusted galantamine plasma concentrations than heterozygous and homozygous CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (median 2.9 versus 2.0 ng/mL mg, P = 0.025, and 1.8 ng/mL mg, P = 0.004), respectively. Galantamin 174-185 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 105-111 23503455-5 2013 RESULTS: The CYP2D6 genotype seemed to be an important determinant of galantamine pharmacokinetics, with CYP2D6 poor metabolizers presenting 45% and 61% higher dose-adjusted galantamine plasma concentrations than heterozygous and homozygous CYP2D6 extensive metabolizers (median 2.9 versus 2.0 ng/mL mg, P = 0.025, and 1.8 ng/mL mg, P = 0.004), respectively. Galantamin 174-185 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 105-111 23503455-6 2013 CONCLUSIONS: The CYP2D6 genotype significantly influenced galantamine plasma concentrations. Galantamin 58-69 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 17-23 23330848-4 2013 The assay method was validated using the reference AChE inhibitors tacrine and galanthamine. Galantamin 79-91 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 51-55 23229229-3 2013 AChE inhibitors such as rivastigmine, galantamine, physostigmine and huperzine are obtained from plants, indicating that plants can serve as a potential source for novel AChE inhibitors. Galantamin 38-49 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 0-4 22931533-2 2013 Galantamine is a reversible, competitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and allosteric potentiating ligand of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR-APL) that shares many common structural elements with morphinan-based opioids. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 41-61 22931533-2 2013 Galantamine is a reversible, competitive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor and allosteric potentiating ligand of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR-APL) that shares many common structural elements with morphinan-based opioids. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 63-67 22931533-3 2013 The structurally diverse opioids codeine and eseroline, like galantamine, are also nAChR-APL that have greatly diminished affinity for AChE, representing potential lead compounds for selective nAChR-APL development. Galantamin 61-72 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 83-88 22931533-3 2013 The structurally diverse opioids codeine and eseroline, like galantamine, are also nAChR-APL that have greatly diminished affinity for AChE, representing potential lead compounds for selective nAChR-APL development. Galantamin 61-72 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 135-139 22931533-3 2013 The structurally diverse opioids codeine and eseroline, like galantamine, are also nAChR-APL that have greatly diminished affinity for AChE, representing potential lead compounds for selective nAChR-APL development. Galantamin 61-72 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 193-198 22932776-0 2013 Galantamine increases hippocampal insulin-like growth factor 2 expression via alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mice. Galantamin 0-11 insulin-like growth factor 2 Mus musculus 34-62 22932776-10 2013 The galantamine-induced increase in the hippocampal IGF2 mRNA levels was blocked by mecamylamine, a nonselective nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (nAChR) antagonist, and methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist, but not by telenzepine, a preferential M(1) muscarinic ACh receptor antagonist. Galantamin 4-15 insulin-like growth factor 2 Mus musculus 52-56 22932776-10 2013 The galantamine-induced increase in the hippocampal IGF2 mRNA levels was blocked by mecamylamine, a nonselective nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (nAChR) antagonist, and methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist, but not by telenzepine, a preferential M(1) muscarinic ACh receptor antagonist. Galantamin 4-15 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 153-158 22932776-10 2013 The galantamine-induced increase in the hippocampal IGF2 mRNA levels was blocked by mecamylamine, a nonselective nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor (nAChR) antagonist, and methyllycaconitine, a selective alpha7 nAChR antagonist, but not by telenzepine, a preferential M(1) muscarinic ACh receptor antagonist. Galantamin 4-15 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 208-220 22932776-12 2013 Galantamine also increased hippocampal IGF2 protein, which was blocked by methyllycaconitine. Galantamin 0-11 insulin-like growth factor 2 Mus musculus 39-43 22932776-13 2013 CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that galantamine increases hippocampal IGF2 levels via alpha7 nAChR activation in mice and imply that the effect may contribute to its neuroprotection or neurogenesis. Galantamin 41-52 insulin-like growth factor 2 Mus musculus 75-79 22932776-13 2013 CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that galantamine increases hippocampal IGF2 levels via alpha7 nAChR activation in mice and imply that the effect may contribute to its neuroprotection or neurogenesis. Galantamin 41-52 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 91-103 22391555-7 2013 The use of AChE-ICER in the ligands recognition assay was validated by evaluation of four known reversible inhibitors (galanthamine, tacrine, propidium, and rivastigmine), and the same order of inhibitory potencies described in the literature was found. Galantamin 119-131 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 11-15 22391555-7 2013 The use of AChE-ICER in the ligands recognition assay was validated by evaluation of four known reversible inhibitors (galanthamine, tacrine, propidium, and rivastigmine), and the same order of inhibitory potencies described in the literature was found. Galantamin 119-131 cAMP responsive element modulator Homo sapiens 16-20 23286718-1 2013 INTRODUCTION: Patients with Alzheimer"s disease (AD) are currently treated with cholinesterase inhibitors, such as galantamine, without actual knowledge of its concentration in plasma. Galantamin 115-126 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 80-94 23200245-0 2013 Investigating the binding interactions of galantamine with beta-amyloid peptide. Galantamin 42-53 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 59-79 23834167-7 2013 By activation of these important neuroprotective cascades, Galantamine exerts neuroprotection against a variety of cytotoxic agents (beta- amyloid peptide, glutamate, hydrogen peroxide, oxygen and glucose deprivation). Galantamin 59-70 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 133-154 23537526-3 2013 The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible preventive effects of acute treatment with reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine against the signs of cholinergic toxic syndrome provoked by diisopropylfluorophosphate, such as hypothermia, muscular fasciculations, oral dyskinesia and decreased locomotor performance in a rat model of intoxication. Galantamin 143-154 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 112-132 23537526-7 2013 Galantamine by itself provoked transient and relatively weak inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase staining, while it did not induce increased c-fos mRNA expression or significant behavioural signs of cholinergic toxicity. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 79-99 23732196-3 2013 According to national and international guidelines, recommended drugs for treatment of dementias are cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine) and memantine. Galantamin 139-150 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 101-115 24092978-1 2013 OBJECTIVE: While acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as donepezil, galantamine, and rivastig-mine, are beneficial in treating behavioral symptoms of patients with Alzheimer"s disease (AD), their dose-limiting effects include gastrointestinal disturbances, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Galantamin 69-80 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 17-37 24292188-11 2013 We demonstrated that anti-Abeta antibody and galantamine promote microglial Abeta phagocytosis by binding to Fc receptors and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on microglia, respectively. Galantamin 45-56 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 76-81 23033965-2 2012 The compounds were designed by taking advantage of the crystal structures of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in complex with galantamine derivatives. Galantamin 121-132 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 77-97 23033965-2 2012 The compounds were designed by taking advantage of the crystal structures of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in complex with galantamine derivatives. Galantamin 121-132 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 99-103 23058055-2 2012 The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether nine potentially CNS-active Amaryllidaceae alkaloids of the crinine, lycorine and galanthamine types interact with P-gp. Galantamin 135-147 PGP Canis lupus familiaris 168-172 22668071-4 2012 This study attempted to investigate the effect of CAP on the pharmacokinetics of galantamine, a competitive and reversible cholinesterase inhibitor. Galantamin 81-92 butyrylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 123-137 23085657-3 2012 Compound 7f was found to be more selective than galanthamine in inhibiting AChE and it showed a moderate selectivity index. Galantamin 48-60 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 75-79 22972560-9 2012 The comparison between the cluster calculations and the crystallographic observations in galanthamine-AChE co-crystals allows the validation of the theoretical methodology. Galantamin 89-101 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 102-106 22972560-10 2012 In particular, the positions of several water molecules appearing as strongly conserved in galanthamine-AChE co-crystals are predicted by the calculations. Galantamin 91-103 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 104-108 22972560-12 2012 Our study provides relevant information for a rational drug design of galanthamine based AChE inhibitors. Galantamin 70-82 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 89-93 22613079-0 2012 Pharmacokinetic behavior and efficiency of acetylcholinesterase inhibition in rat brain after intranasal administration of galanthamine hydrobromide loaded flexible liposomes. Galantamin 123-148 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 43-63 22669169-0 2012 Galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and positive allosteric modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, attenuates nicotine taking and seeking in rats. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 16-36 22669169-2 2012 Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that also acts as a positive allosteric modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 18-38 22840647-1 2012 Based on green analytical chemistry principles, an efficient approach was applied for the simultaneous determination of galantamine, a widely used cholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease, and its major metabolites in serum samples. Galantamin 120-131 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 147-161 22992965-1 2012 BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to determine the possible effect of the cholinesterase inhibitor, galanthamine, on cognition when administered to antagonise neuromuscular blockade after anaesthesia. Galantamin 107-119 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 81-95 22359054-6 2012 The uptake of [(3)H]ALCAR by TR-BBB cells was inhibited by AChE inhibitors such as donepezil, tacrine, galantamine and rivastigmine, which IC(50) values are 45.3, 74.0, 459 and 800 muM, respectively. Galantamin 103-114 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 59-63 22359054-9 2012 Our results suggest that transport of AChE inhibitors such as donepezil and galantamine through the BBB is at least partly mediated by OCTN2 which is involved in transport of ALCAR. Galantamin 76-87 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 38-42 22359054-9 2012 Our results suggest that transport of AChE inhibitors such as donepezil and galantamine through the BBB is at least partly mediated by OCTN2 which is involved in transport of ALCAR. Galantamin 76-87 solute carrier family 22 member 5 Rattus norvegicus 135-140 27750512-2 2012 These are the cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine, and memantine, which decreases the action of the neurotransmitter glutamate. Galantamin 68-79 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 14-28 22539182-7 2012 Pharmacological studies showed that the complexes present a moderate inhibition of AChE with an IC(50) of 21 mumol L(-1) (referred to risvagtini, IC(50) 181 mumol L(-1) and galantamine IC(50) 0.006 mumol L(-1)) with no appreciable cytotoxicity toward to the HeLa cells (50% cell viability at 925 mumol L(-1)). Galantamin 173-184 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 83-87 22211487-0 2012 Galantamine-based hybrid molecules with acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and gamma-secretase inhibition activities. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 40-60 22211487-4 2012 Strikingly, two of the galantamine amides that displayed low activity towards acetylcholinesterase exhibited the highest inhibitory potency towards butyrylcholinesterase (106 to 133 times more active than galantamine). Galantamin 23-34 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 78-98 21818628-2 2012 We aimed to assess the longitudinal course of white matter microstructural changes in AD and healthy elderly control (HC) subjects and to evaluate the effects of treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor galantamine on white matter microstructure in AD patients. Galantamin 206-217 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 181-195 22665688-5 2012 Donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine are the currently approved cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of mild, moderate, and severe Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 28-39 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 67-81 22366075-5 2012 An affinity constant of 0.007 muM was observed for compound 14 on frog rectus abdominis muscle preparation and 13 displayed a very high anticholinesterase activity K(i)=25 nM, approximately 115-fold higher in comparison to standard drug galanthamine (K(i)=2.9 muM). Galantamin 237-249 latexin Homo sapiens 30-33 22366430-10 2012 Moreover, galantamine 10 mumol/l had a small inhibiting effect on KCNQ1+KCNE1 current (12.17 +- 2.19% inhibition, n=10 cells). Galantamin 10-21 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 Cavia porcellus 66-71 22366430-10 2012 Moreover, galantamine 10 mumol/l had a small inhibiting effect on KCNQ1+KCNE1 current (12.17 +- 2.19% inhibition, n=10 cells). Galantamin 10-21 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1 Cavia porcellus 72-77 22085833-0 2012 Galantamine elicits neuroprotection by inhibiting iNOS, NADPH oxidase and ROS in hippocampal slices stressed with anoxia/reoxygenation. Galantamin 0-11 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 50-54 22085833-5 2012 The neuroprotective effects of galantamine were reverted by mecamylamine and AG490, but not by atropine, indicating that nicotinic receptors and Jak2 participated in this action. Galantamin 31-42 Janus kinase 2 Homo sapiens 145-149 22085833-6 2012 Galantamine also prevented p65 translocation into the nucleus induced by OGD; this effect was also linked to nicotinic receptors and Jak2. Galantamin 0-11 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 22085833-6 2012 Galantamine also prevented p65 translocation into the nucleus induced by OGD; this effect was also linked to nicotinic receptors and Jak2. Galantamin 0-11 Janus kinase 2 Homo sapiens 133-137 22085833-7 2012 Furthermore, galantamine reduced iNOS induction and production of NO caused by OGD via Jak2. Galantamin 13-24 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 22085833-7 2012 Furthermore, galantamine reduced iNOS induction and production of NO caused by OGD via Jak2. Galantamin 13-24 Janus kinase 2 Homo sapiens 87-91 22085833-9 2012 In conclusion, galantamine afforded neuroprotection under OGD-reoxygenation conditions by activating a signaling pathway that involves nicotinic receptors, Jak2 and the consequent inhibition of NOX and NFkappaB/iNOS. Galantamin 15-26 Janus kinase 2 Homo sapiens 156-160 22085833-9 2012 In conclusion, galantamine afforded neuroprotection under OGD-reoxygenation conditions by activating a signaling pathway that involves nicotinic receptors, Jak2 and the consequent inhibition of NOX and NFkappaB/iNOS. Galantamin 15-26 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 202-210 22085833-9 2012 In conclusion, galantamine afforded neuroprotection under OGD-reoxygenation conditions by activating a signaling pathway that involves nicotinic receptors, Jak2 and the consequent inhibition of NOX and NFkappaB/iNOS. Galantamin 15-26 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 211-215 22191561-10 2012 Treatment with galantamine countered the increase of CHT and VAChT. Galantamin 15-26 solute carrier family 5 member 7 Rattus norvegicus 53-56 22191561-10 2012 Treatment with galantamine countered the increase of CHT and VAChT. Galantamin 15-26 solute carrier family 18 member A3 Rattus norvegicus 61-66 23233806-2 2012 Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that may also act via allosteric modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 18-38 23233806-7 2012 Significantly more galantamine-treated patients responded to treatment (defined as a reduction in ADAS-cog/11 score of >4, >7, or >10 points; all P < 0.05), and had an ADAS-cog/11 score < 20 at end point (P = 0.015). Galantamin 19-30 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 98-102 23233806-7 2012 Significantly more galantamine-treated patients responded to treatment (defined as a reduction in ADAS-cog/11 score of >4, >7, or >10 points; all P < 0.05), and had an ADAS-cog/11 score < 20 at end point (P = 0.015). Galantamin 19-30 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 180-184 22568060-2 2012 Fortunately, in addition to donepezil, two other cholinesterase inhibitors, namely galantamine and rivastigmine, and an NMDA receptor antagonist, memantine, have recently been approved for the treatment of AD patients at mild to moderately severe and moderately severe to severe stages of the disease, respectively, in Japan. Galantamin 83-94 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 49-63 21924263-10 2011 However, administration of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, such as physostigmine and galantamine, resulted in amelioration of the hypobaric hypoxia induced deleterious effects. Galantamin 86-97 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 27-47 21872646-0 2011 Synergistic inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase by galantamine and citalopram. Galantamin 51-62 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 26-47 21872646-9 2011 RESULTS: Galantamine almost completely inhibited BuChE at low substrate concentrations (V(S)=43.6 muM/min; V(S(gal))=0.34 muM/min) without influencing the substrate-activated form of the enzyme (V(SS)=64.0 muM/min;V(SS(gal))=62.3 muM/min). Galantamin 9-20 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 49-54 21872646-9 2011 RESULTS: Galantamine almost completely inhibited BuChE at low substrate concentrations (V(S)=43.6 muM/min; V(S(gal))=0.34 muM/min) without influencing the substrate-activated form of the enzyme (V(SS)=64.0 muM/min;V(SS(gal))=62.3 muM/min). Galantamin 9-20 latexin Homo sapiens 98-101 21872646-9 2011 RESULTS: Galantamine almost completely inhibited BuChE at low substrate concentrations (V(S)=43.6 muM/min; V(S(gal))=0.34 muM/min) without influencing the substrate-activated form of the enzyme (V(SS)=64.0 muM/min;V(SS(gal))=62.3 muM/min). Galantamin 9-20 latexin Homo sapiens 122-125 21872646-9 2011 RESULTS: Galantamine almost completely inhibited BuChE at low substrate concentrations (V(S)=43.6 muM/min; V(S(gal))=0.34 muM/min) without influencing the substrate-activated form of the enzyme (V(SS)=64.0 muM/min;V(SS(gal))=62.3 muM/min). Galantamin 9-20 latexin Homo sapiens 122-125 21872646-9 2011 RESULTS: Galantamine almost completely inhibited BuChE at low substrate concentrations (V(S)=43.6 muM/min; V(S(gal))=0.34 muM/min) without influencing the substrate-activated form of the enzyme (V(SS)=64.0 muM/min;V(SS(gal))=62.3 muM/min). Galantamin 9-20 latexin Homo sapiens 122-125 21872646-12 2011 CONCLUSION: Citalopram and galantamine produce a combined inhibition of BuChE that is considered to be synergistic. Galantamin 27-38 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 72-77 21872646-13 2011 GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Clinical benefit from combined galantamine and citalopram may be related to a synergistic inhibition of BuChE, facilitating cholinergic neurotransmission. Galantamin 53-64 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 126-131 22397284-4 2011 Cholinesterase inhibitors -donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine are considered to be the first line pharmacotherapy for mild to moderate Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 55-66 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 0-14 21820453-4 2011 In the present study, we investigated whether the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors donepezil and galantamine could influence neurotrophin receptor signaling in the brain. Galantamin 96-107 acetylcholinesterase Mus musculus 50-70 21945033-5 2011 The nAChR agonist (and AChE inhibitor) galantamine induced a similar increase in ACh release (E(max): 1 muM). Galantamin 39-50 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 4-9 21945033-5 2011 The nAChR agonist (and AChE inhibitor) galantamine induced a similar increase in ACh release (E(max): 1 muM). Galantamin 39-50 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 23-27 21630031-3 2011 Here we assess the effects of genetic variation at two loci involved in the activity of cholinesterase inhibitors on longitudinal clinical change in AD patients being treated with donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine. Galantamin 191-202 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 88-102 21630031-6 2011 Genetic variation was comprehensively characterized and analyzed at two loci: CYP2D6, which is involved in donepezil and galantamine metabolism, and BCHE, which codes for an enzyme (butyrylcholinesterase) which is both target and metabolizer of rivastigmine. Galantamin 121-132 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 78-84 21889940-2 2011 This study tested whether galanthamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor used to treat memory impairment associated with Alzheimer"s disease, could enhance or restore estradiol effects on cognitive performance in aged rats that had been ovariectomized in middle-age. Galantamin 26-38 butyrylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 42-56 21771623-7 2011 In particular, the mean number of Ki67- and DCX-immunoreactive cells was prominently abundant in the HBU-treated group compared to that in the galantamine-treated group. Galantamin 143-154 doublecortin Homo sapiens 44-47 21640750-9 2011 In the final experiment, the adenosine A(2A) antagonist MSX-3 significantly attenuated the tremulous jaw movements induced by the 3.0mg/kg dose of galantamine, which is consistent with the hypothesis that co-administration of adenosine A(2A) antagonists may be beneficial in reducing parkinsonian motor impairments induced by anticholinesterase treatment. Galantamin 147-158 msh homeobox 3 Rattus norvegicus 56-61 20880294-4 2011 RESULTS: Donepezil and galantamine groups showed a significant increase in CSF AChE activity at follow-up, while no changes for BChE activity were observed; in donepezil group, a positive correlation between plasma concentration and AChE activity was documented. Galantamin 23-34 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 79-83 20880294-4 2011 RESULTS: Donepezil and galantamine groups showed a significant increase in CSF AChE activity at follow-up, while no changes for BChE activity were observed; in donepezil group, a positive correlation between plasma concentration and AChE activity was documented. Galantamin 23-34 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 233-237 21803659-0 2011 Cytochrome P450 2D6 phenotyping in an elderly population with dementia and response to galantamine in dementia: a pilot study. Galantamin 87-98 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 0-19 21621811-3 2011 The main class of medicines which are applied in AD is acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) like tacrine, donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine that do not contribute to significant and long-term improvement in cognitive and behavioural functions. Galantamin 121-132 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 55-75 21817177-1 2011 In addition to donepezil, 2 other cholinesterase inhibitors galantamine and rivastigmine, and an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist, memantine, have been recently approved for the treatment of Alzheimer disease patients at mild to moderately severe and moderately severe to severe stages of the disease, respectively, in Japan. Galantamin 60-71 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 34-48 21088041-4 2011 Cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) are effective for mild to moderate Alzheimer"s disease (A) and memantine for moderate to severe Alzheimer"s disease (A). Galantamin 56-67 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 0-14 21707398-2 2011 One pharmacological approach is to restore acetylcholine level by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with reversible inhibitors, such as galanthamine, thus helping to improve the cognitive symptoms of the disease. Galantamin 141-153 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 77-97 21707398-2 2011 One pharmacological approach is to restore acetylcholine level by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) with reversible inhibitors, such as galanthamine, thus helping to improve the cognitive symptoms of the disease. Galantamin 141-153 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 99-103 20701827-1 2011 The acetylcholine esterase inhibitor/cholinergic nicotinic receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulator galantamine (Gal) is used against cognitive impairment in Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 97-108 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 69-74 20701827-1 2011 The acetylcholine esterase inhibitor/cholinergic nicotinic receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulator galantamine (Gal) is used against cognitive impairment in Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 110-113 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 69-74 21594999-4 2011 Treatment with the NChR allosteric modulator and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, galantamine, led to a dramatic decline in the frequency and intensity of rage outbursts, suggesting that enhancement of alpha7 NChR function can ameliorate 15q13.3DS-associated rage outbursts. Galantamin 88-99 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 49-69 21594999-4 2011 Treatment with the NChR allosteric modulator and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, galantamine, led to a dramatic decline in the frequency and intensity of rage outbursts, suggesting that enhancement of alpha7 NChR function can ameliorate 15q13.3DS-associated rage outbursts. Galantamin 88-99 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 71-75 21648211-1 2011 The cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine have a modest and transient benefit in Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 58-69 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 4-18 21222607-5 2011 "Improved" or "stable" galantamine-treated patients displayed mean improvement in ADAS-Cog 11 scores over baseline until 18 months after starting treatment, and attenuated deterioration thereafter; for galantamine-treated patients exhibiting "non-rapid decline", mean ADAS-Cog 11 score returned to baseline after approximately 12 months. Galantamin 23-34 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 82-86 21222607-5 2011 "Improved" or "stable" galantamine-treated patients displayed mean improvement in ADAS-Cog 11 scores over baseline until 18 months after starting treatment, and attenuated deterioration thereafter; for galantamine-treated patients exhibiting "non-rapid decline", mean ADAS-Cog 11 score returned to baseline after approximately 12 months. Galantamin 23-34 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 268-272 21148081-0 2011 Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil, tacrine, and galantamine in aged and young Lister hooded rats. Galantamin 100-111 butyrylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 50-64 21364371-2 2011 The only 2 medication classes approved specifically for the treatment of AD are the cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) and memantine. Galantamin 140-151 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 84-98 21116174-1 2011 Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE-Is), galantamine, physostigmine and tacrine, enhance central levels of synaptic acetylcholine. Galantamin 43-54 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 0-20 20958289-1 2011 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We have previously reported that galantamine, a weak acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, improves prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits in mice reared in social isolation. Galantamin 57-68 acetylcholinesterase Mus musculus 77-97 20851778-1 2011 UNLABELLED: Binding energy calculations of huperzine A (HUP A) and galanthamine (GAL) to the binding pocket of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) were studied. Galantamin 67-79 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 115-142 20851778-1 2011 UNLABELLED: Binding energy calculations of huperzine A (HUP A) and galanthamine (GAL) to the binding pocket of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) were studied. Galantamin 67-79 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 144-148 20851778-1 2011 UNLABELLED: Binding energy calculations of huperzine A (HUP A) and galanthamine (GAL) to the binding pocket of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) were studied. Galantamin 81-84 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 115-142 20851778-1 2011 UNLABELLED: Binding energy calculations of huperzine A (HUP A) and galanthamine (GAL) to the binding pocket of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) were studied. Galantamin 81-84 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 144-148 20850275-1 2011 BACKGROUND: Galantamine, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor with effects on nicotinic receptors, has shown mixed effects on cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. Galantamin 12-23 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 38-52 21168544-2 2011 The capability of IMS in the determination of enzyme kinetics and inhibition studies by the analysis of substrate depletion and/or product formation using only a few microliters of solution has been successfully demonstrated on the example of acetylcholine hydrolysis catalyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and inhibited by neostigmine and galanthamine. Galantamin 342-354 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 281-301 21168544-2 2011 The capability of IMS in the determination of enzyme kinetics and inhibition studies by the analysis of substrate depletion and/or product formation using only a few microliters of solution has been successfully demonstrated on the example of acetylcholine hydrolysis catalyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and inhibited by neostigmine and galanthamine. Galantamin 342-354 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 303-307 21111617-3 2011 The highest inhibition rate was found for the sterically least hindered cyclohexylsilanetriol with 45% inhibition relative to galanthamine hydrobromide for which an IC(50) value of 121 +- 3 muM was determined as well. Galantamin 126-151 latexin Homo sapiens 190-193 21403387-7 2011 Recently analyzing the properties of galantamine, we clarify the 4th independent neuroprotective pathway, which is mediated by enhancement of microglial alpha7 nAChR resulting in upregulation of Abeta phagocytosis. Galantamin 37-48 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 195-200 22167216-2 2011 Symptomatic treatment is available by inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) such as rivastigmine, galantamine and donepezil. Galantamin 102-113 acetylcholinesterase Cavia porcellus 52-72 22167216-2 2011 Symptomatic treatment is available by inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) such as rivastigmine, galantamine and donepezil. Galantamin 102-113 acetylcholinesterase Cavia porcellus 74-78 22355654-0 2011 Galantamine improves olfactory learning in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome. Galantamin 0-11 reciprocal translocation, Chr 16, cytogenetic band C3-4; and Chr 17, cytogenetic band A2, Davisson 65 Mus musculus 47-53 22355654-6 2011 Treatment of trisomic mice with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine resulted in a significant improvement in olfactory learning. Galantamin 67-78 acetylcholinesterase Mus musculus 36-56 20947502-6 2010 Treatment of rat microglia with galantamine significantly enhanced microglial Abeta phagocytosis, and acetylcholine competitive antagonists as well as FK1 antibody inhibited the enhancement. Galantamin 32-43 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 78-83 20947502-7 2010 Thus, the galantamine-enhanced microglial Abeta phagocytosis required the combined actions of an acetylcholine competitive agonist and the APL for nAChRs. Galantamin 10-21 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 42-47 20947502-12 2010 We further demonstrated that galantamine treatment facilitated Abeta clearance in brains of rodent AD models. Galantamin 29-40 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 63-68 21062106-2 2010 Initially identified as a weak cholinesterase inhibitor, we have established that galantamine mainly acts as an "allosterically potentiating ligand (APL)" of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Galantamin 82-93 butyrylcholinesterase Mus musculus 31-45 21062106-2 2010 Initially identified as a weak cholinesterase inhibitor, we have established that galantamine mainly acts as an "allosterically potentiating ligand (APL)" of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Galantamin 82-93 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 158-191 21062106-2 2010 Initially identified as a weak cholinesterase inhibitor, we have established that galantamine mainly acts as an "allosterically potentiating ligand (APL)" of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Galantamin 82-93 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 193-198 21199749-4 2010 At present, there are five drugs approved in the United States for the treatment of AD, namely, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and tacrine (which are all cholinesterase inhibitors); and memantine (which is a glutamate receptor antagonist). Galantamin 107-118 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 161-175 20600777-2 2010 Recent studies show that Gal may affect amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism and increase release of secretory APPalpha (sAPPalpha). Galantamin 25-28 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 40-65 20600777-4 2010 Consequently, we investigated the effect of Gal on the level of Abeta and BACE1. Galantamin 44-47 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 64-69 20600777-4 2010 Consequently, we investigated the effect of Gal on the level of Abeta and BACE1. Galantamin 44-47 beta-secretase 1 Homo sapiens 74-79 20600777-7 2010 The effect of Gal (0.3 muM for 18h) was maximal on BACE1 expression but not on Abeta secretion. Galantamin 14-17 latexin Homo sapiens 23-26 20600777-7 2010 The effect of Gal (0.3 muM for 18h) was maximal on BACE1 expression but not on Abeta secretion. Galantamin 14-17 beta-secretase 1 Homo sapiens 51-56 20600777-10 2010 In addition, alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) and multiple second messengers (including PKC, MEK, and p38MAPK) were found to be involved in the regulation of Gal-inhibited Abeta release and BACE1 expression. Galantamin 179-182 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 114-117 20600777-10 2010 In addition, alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) and multiple second messengers (including PKC, MEK, and p38MAPK) were found to be involved in the regulation of Gal-inhibited Abeta release and BACE1 expression. Galantamin 179-182 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 193-198 20600777-10 2010 In addition, alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR) and multiple second messengers (including PKC, MEK, and p38MAPK) were found to be involved in the regulation of Gal-inhibited Abeta release and BACE1 expression. Galantamin 179-182 beta-secretase 1 Homo sapiens 211-216 20219155-0 2010 Galantamine ameliorates the impairment of recognition memory in mice repeatedly treated with methamphetamine: involvement of allosteric potentiation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and dopaminergic-ERK1/2 systems. Galantamin 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 203-209 20219155-1 2010 Galantamine, a drug used to treat Alzheimer"s disease, inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and allosterically modulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) resulting in stimulation of catecholamine neurotransmission. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase Mus musculus 64-84 20219155-1 2010 Galantamine, a drug used to treat Alzheimer"s disease, inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and allosterically modulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) resulting in stimulation of catecholamine neurotransmission. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase Mus musculus 86-90 20219155-6 2010 The nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine, and dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SCH 23390, blocked the ameliorating effect of galantamine on Meth-induced memory impairment, whereas the muscarinic AChR antagonist, scopolamine, had no effect. Galantamin 119-130 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 4-9 20219155-6 2010 The nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine, and dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SCH 23390, blocked the ameliorating effect of galantamine on Meth-induced memory impairment, whereas the muscarinic AChR antagonist, scopolamine, had no effect. Galantamin 119-130 dopamine receptor D1 Mus musculus 40-60 20219155-8 2010 Galantamine attenuated the defect of the novelty-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Galantamin 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 71-112 20219155-8 2010 Galantamine attenuated the defect of the novelty-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Galantamin 0-11 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 114-120 20219155-9 2010 The ameliorating effect of galantamine on recognition memory in Meth-treated mice was negated by microinjection of an ERK inhibitor, PD98059, into the PFC. Galantamin 27-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 118-121 20219155-10 2010 These results suggest that the ameliorating effect of galantamine on Meth-induced memory impairment is associated with indirect activation of dopamine D1 receptor-ERK1/2 following augmentation with dopaminergic neurotransmission in the PFC through the allosteric activation of nAChRs. Galantamin 54-65 dopamine receptor D1 Mus musculus 142-162 20219155-10 2010 These results suggest that the ameliorating effect of galantamine on Meth-induced memory impairment is associated with indirect activation of dopamine D1 receptor-ERK1/2 following augmentation with dopaminergic neurotransmission in the PFC through the allosteric activation of nAChRs. Galantamin 54-65 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 163-169 20655346-0 2010 Protective effects of galantamine against Abeta-induced PC12 cell apoptosis by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Galantamin 22-33 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 42-47 20655346-3 2010 Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor widely used for patients with AD. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 18-38 20655346-3 2010 Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor widely used for patients with AD. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 40-44 20655346-4 2010 In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of galantamine on Abeta(25-35)-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells and the underlying mechanisms. Galantamin 62-73 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 77-82 20655346-7 2010 All these data indicate that galantamine protects PC12 cells against Abeta(25-35)-induced apoptosis by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Galantamin 29-40 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 69-74 21335298-1 2010 BACKGROUND: Galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, is used as a first-line drug in the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Galantamin 12-23 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 27-41 20930482-3 2010 In addition, we unexpectedly found that the galantamine-induced improvements in PPI deficits were prevented by the muscarinic ACh receptor (mAChR) antagonists scopolamine and telenzepine (preferential for M(1) subtype), but not by the nAChR antagonists. Galantamin 44-55 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 235-240 20452337-2 2010 Several AChE inhibitors, e.g. rivastigmine, galantamine and huperzine are originating from plants, suggesting that herbs could potentially serve as sources for novel AChE inhibitors. Galantamin 44-55 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 8-12 20452337-2 2010 Several AChE inhibitors, e.g. rivastigmine, galantamine and huperzine are originating from plants, suggesting that herbs could potentially serve as sources for novel AChE inhibitors. Galantamin 44-55 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 166-170 20156462-4 2010 Therefore there is still considerable scope for new treatments that demonstrate greater efficacy against cognitive dysfunction in spite of the fact that the mainstays of current treatments, the cholinesterase inhibitors Aricept, Exelon and Reminyl (Razadyne) will become generic over the next few years. Galantamin 240-247 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 194-208 20156462-4 2010 Therefore there is still considerable scope for new treatments that demonstrate greater efficacy against cognitive dysfunction in spite of the fact that the mainstays of current treatments, the cholinesterase inhibitors Aricept, Exelon and Reminyl (Razadyne) will become generic over the next few years. Galantamin 249-257 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 194-208 20665950-1 2010 Galantamine, which is currently used in the treatment of patients with Alzheimer"s disease (AD), has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect against beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide-induced toxicity, which is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Galantamin 0-11 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 167-172 20665950-2 2010 In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying the protective effect of galantamine on Abeta-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Galantamin 81-92 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 96-101 20665950-3 2010 Using MTT and LDH leakage assays, we observed that galantamine pretreatment significantly prevented Abeta1-40-induced cell death. Galantamin 51-62 AA1 Homo sapiens 100-106 20658794-1 2010 BACKGROUND: The cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) rivastigmine and galantamine have been approved for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer"s disease in the Netherlands. Galantamin 67-78 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 16-30 20819637-0 2010 Effect of cholinesterase inhibitor galanthamine on circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis. Galantamin 35-47 butyrylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 10-24 20819637-0 2010 Effect of cholinesterase inhibitor galanthamine on circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis. Galantamin 35-47 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 63-90 20819637-2 2010 Galanthamine is a cholinesterase inhibitor and one of the centrally acting cholinergic agents available in clinic. Galantamin 0-12 butyrylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 18-32 20819637-9 2010 Galanthamine treatment decreased the level of circulating TNF-alpha in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis, and there was significant difference compared with rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis without treatment. Galantamin 0-12 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 58-67 20819637-10 2010 The 3 mg/kg dosage of galanthamine had the most significant inhibition on circulating TNF-alpha level at all the three tested doses. Galantamin 22-34 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 86-95 20819637-11 2010 Galanthamine obviously decreased the TNF-alpha level in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis with sham operation, but could not decrease the TNF-alpha level in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis with vagotomy. Galantamin 0-12 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 37-46 20819637-12 2010 CONCLUSION: Cholinesterase inhibitor galanthamine has an inhibitory effect on TNF-alpha release in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis, and the vagus nerve plays a role in the process of the action of galanthamine. Galantamin 37-49 butyrylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 12-26 20819637-12 2010 CONCLUSION: Cholinesterase inhibitor galanthamine has an inhibitory effect on TNF-alpha release in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis, and the vagus nerve plays a role in the process of the action of galanthamine. Galantamin 37-49 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 78-87 20819637-12 2010 CONCLUSION: Cholinesterase inhibitor galanthamine has an inhibitory effect on TNF-alpha release in rats with lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis, and the vagus nerve plays a role in the process of the action of galanthamine. Galantamin 214-226 butyrylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 12-26 19969445-2 2010 Galanthamine, an important alkaloid isolated from the Amaryllidaceae family, is approved for the pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) and acts by inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Galantamin 0-12 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 178-198 19969445-2 2010 Galanthamine, an important alkaloid isolated from the Amaryllidaceae family, is approved for the pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) and acts by inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Galantamin 0-12 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 200-204 19969445-3 2010 In the present study, Ellman"s method was used to verify the inhibition of AChE activity of some isoquinolines alkaloids such as galanthamine, montanine, hippeastrine and pretazettine. Galantamin 129-141 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 75-79 19969445-4 2010 At the concentrations 1mM, 500 microm and 100 microm, galanthamine presented an AChE inhibition higher than 90%. Galantamin 54-66 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 80-84 20737911-2 2010 Alkaloids, such as physostigmine, galanthamine, and huperzine A, play an important role as AChE inhibitors. Galantamin 34-46 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 91-95 20193764-2 2010 Of known interventions, psychopharmacology provides readily available options, such as the anti-dementia drugs, e.g. acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine) and memantine. Galantamin 161-172 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 117-137 20562785-2 2010 She was diagnosed with non-familial early-onset Alzheimer"s Disease (EOAD) and started on 8mg daily of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor Galantamine. Galantamin 138-149 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 107-127 20593742-1 2010 OBJECTIVES: Since January 2008 in The Netherlands, two cholinesterase inhibitors, oral galantamine and rivastigmine transdermal patch, are registered as a one-day symptomatic treatment for Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 87-98 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 55-69 20184872-0 2010 Galantamine inhibits slowly inactivating K+ currents with a dual dose-response relationship in differentiated N1E-115 cells and in CA1 neurones. Galantamin 0-11 carbonic anhydrase 1 Mus musculus 131-134 20184872-5 2010 We show that galantamine (1 pM-300 microM) inhibits selectively Islow, exhibiting a dual dose-response relationship, in both differentiated N1E-115 cells and CA1 neurones. Galantamin 13-24 carbonic anhydrase 1 Mus musculus 158-161 20156150-9 2010 Co-administration of galantamine with ketoconazole (CYP 3A4 strong inhibitor) or paroxetine (CYP 2D6 strong inhibitor) leads to a 30% and 40% increase, respectively, in galantamine exposure compared to galantamine given alone. Galantamin 21-32 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 52-59 20156150-9 2010 Co-administration of galantamine with ketoconazole (CYP 3A4 strong inhibitor) or paroxetine (CYP 2D6 strong inhibitor) leads to a 30% and 40% increase, respectively, in galantamine exposure compared to galantamine given alone. Galantamin 21-32 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 93-100 20156150-9 2010 Co-administration of galantamine with ketoconazole (CYP 3A4 strong inhibitor) or paroxetine (CYP 2D6 strong inhibitor) leads to a 30% and 40% increase, respectively, in galantamine exposure compared to galantamine given alone. Galantamin 169-180 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 52-59 20156150-9 2010 Co-administration of galantamine with ketoconazole (CYP 3A4 strong inhibitor) or paroxetine (CYP 2D6 strong inhibitor) leads to a 30% and 40% increase, respectively, in galantamine exposure compared to galantamine given alone. Galantamin 169-180 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 93-100 20156150-9 2010 Co-administration of galantamine with ketoconazole (CYP 3A4 strong inhibitor) or paroxetine (CYP 2D6 strong inhibitor) leads to a 30% and 40% increase, respectively, in galantamine exposure compared to galantamine given alone. Galantamin 169-180 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 52-59 20156150-9 2010 Co-administration of galantamine with ketoconazole (CYP 3A4 strong inhibitor) or paroxetine (CYP 2D6 strong inhibitor) leads to a 30% and 40% increase, respectively, in galantamine exposure compared to galantamine given alone. Galantamin 169-180 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 93-100 20113148-3 2010 AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: Here, we review a body of placebo-controlled studies as well as meta-analyses on the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor galantamine, one of only four drugs currently approved for anti-dementia therapy in AD. Galantamin 146-157 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 115-129 20113148-3 2010 AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: Here, we review a body of placebo-controlled studies as well as meta-analyses on the cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitor galantamine, one of only four drugs currently approved for anti-dementia therapy in AD. Galantamin 146-157 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 131-134 20113148-5 2010 TAKE HOME MESSAGE: Galantamine can improve and stabilize cognitive performance, activities of daily living and behavioral symptoms over the course of 6 months and its efficacy and tolerability are comparable with those of other ChE inhibitors (rivastigmine and donepezil). Galantamin 19-30 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 228-231 20169037-1 2010 An extended release form of the cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) drug galantamine (galantamine-ER) was developed, chiefly to increase adherence to medication regimes in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Galantamin 69-80 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 32-46 20169037-1 2010 An extended release form of the cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) drug galantamine (galantamine-ER) was developed, chiefly to increase adherence to medication regimes in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Galantamin 82-93 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 32-46 20205672-2 2010 Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and/or butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), such as donepezil, galantamine or rivastigmine, are widely prescribed as symptomatic treatments for AD. Galantamin 99-110 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 49-70 20205672-2 2010 Inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and/or butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), such as donepezil, galantamine or rivastigmine, are widely prescribed as symptomatic treatments for AD. Galantamin 99-110 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 72-77 20205672-5 2010 These studies suggest that treatment with rapidly-reversible cholinesterase inhibitors (e.g. donepezil, galantamine, tacrine) are associated with marked and significant upregulation of AChE activities and protein levels in the CSF of AD patients. Galantamin 104-115 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 61-75 19833161-2 2010 The purpose of this study was to determine if galantamine treatment would result in detectable hippocampal metabolite changes that correlated with changes in cognition, as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog). Galantamin 46-57 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 288-292 21364635-5 2010 In this in vivo study, we demonstrate that systemic administration of galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, promotes protection of RGC soma and axons in a rat glaucoma model. Galantamin 70-81 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 86-106 19714494-7 2010 Inhibitors for a non-receptor-type tyrosine kinase, Fyn, and janus-activated kinase 2, suppressed the neuroprotective effect of donepezil and galantamine. Galantamin 142-153 FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 52-55 19714494-9 2010 The phosphorylation of Akt, an effector of PI3K, and the expression level of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, increased with donepezil and galantamine treatments. Galantamin 140-151 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 77-82 19714494-10 2010 These results suggest that nicotine as well as AChE inhibitors, donepezil and galantamine, prevent glutamate neurotoxicity through alpha4 and alpha7 nAChRs and the PI3K-Akt pathway. Galantamin 78-89 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 47-51 21598738-5 2010 However, there a family of drugs call the cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezile, galantamine and rivastigmine) the enhances cholinergic activity in the CNS. Galantamin 81-92 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 42-56 19596285-6 2009 The inhibitory profiles of the compounds have been compared with standard AChE inhibitor galanthamine. Galantamin 89-101 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 74-78 19683513-0 2009 Inhibition of human P-glycoprotein transport and substrate binding using a galantamine dimer. Galantamin 75-86 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 20-34 19683513-3 2009 We report the design and synthesis of a crosslinked agent based on the Alzheimer"s disease treatment galantamine (Gal-2) that inhibits P-gp-mediated efflux from cultured cells. Galantamin 101-112 galectin 2 Homo sapiens 114-119 19683513-3 2009 We report the design and synthesis of a crosslinked agent based on the Alzheimer"s disease treatment galantamine (Gal-2) that inhibits P-gp-mediated efflux from cultured cells. Galantamin 101-112 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 135-139 19615429-8 2009 In the present study, we have determined that galantamine"s protection against L-NAME-induced impairment of spontaneous alternation behavior in the Y-maze task might be mediated mainly by NOergic activation via the nAChR-related pathway. Galantamin 46-57 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 215-220 19446892-10 2009 Administration of AChE inhibitor (AChEI), physostigmine (PHY) and galantamine (GAL) to rats during HBH exposure resulted in amelioration of the deleterious effects induced by HBH. Galantamin 79-82 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 18-22 19657549-2 2009 Trospium has a relatively low lipophilicity and low CNS penetration, and galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitors, has also allosterically modulates nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Galantamin 73-84 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 88-102 19253410-1 2009 Galantamine, a novel Alzheimer"s drug, is known to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity and potentiate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the brain. Galantamin 0-11 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit Rattus norvegicus 104-136 19253410-1 2009 Galantamine, a novel Alzheimer"s drug, is known to inhibit acetylcholinesterase activity and potentiate nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) in the brain. Galantamin 0-11 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit Rattus norvegicus 138-143 19253410-3 2009 We now studied the effects of galantamine on long-term potentiation (LTP) in the rat hippocampal CA1 regions. Galantamin 30-41 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 97-100 19253410-6 2009 Galantamine treatment increased calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) activities with a bell-shaped dose-response curve peaked at 1 microM, thereby increasing the phosphorylation of AMPA receptor, myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C, and NMDA receptor as downstream substrates of CaMKII and/or PKCalpha. Galantamin 0-11 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 92-113 19253410-6 2009 Galantamine treatment increased calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) activities with a bell-shaped dose-response curve peaked at 1 microM, thereby increasing the phosphorylation of AMPA receptor, myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C, and NMDA receptor as downstream substrates of CaMKII and/or PKCalpha. Galantamin 0-11 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 115-123 19253410-6 2009 Galantamine treatment increased calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) activities with a bell-shaped dose-response curve peaked at 1 microM, thereby increasing the phosphorylation of AMPA receptor, myristoylated alanine-rich protein kinase C, and NMDA receptor as downstream substrates of CaMKII and/or PKCalpha. Galantamin 0-11 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 357-365 19253410-8 2009 Consistent with the bell-shaped CaMKII and PKCalpha activation, galantamine treatment enhanced LTP in the hippocampal CA1 regions with the same bell-shaped dose-response curve. Galantamin 64-75 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 43-51 19253410-8 2009 Consistent with the bell-shaped CaMKII and PKCalpha activation, galantamine treatment enhanced LTP in the hippocampal CA1 regions with the same bell-shaped dose-response curve. Galantamin 64-75 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 118-121 19253410-9 2009 Furthermore, LTP potentiation induced by galantamine treatment at 1 microM was closely associated with both CaMKII and PKC activation with concomitant increase in phosphorylation of their downstream substrates except for synapsin I. Galantamin 41-52 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 119-122 19253410-9 2009 Furthermore, LTP potentiation induced by galantamine treatment at 1 microM was closely associated with both CaMKII and PKC activation with concomitant increase in phosphorylation of their downstream substrates except for synapsin I. Galantamin 41-52 synapsin I Rattus norvegicus 221-231 19253410-10 2009 In addition, the enhancement of LTP by galantamine was accompanied with alpha7-type nAChR activation. Galantamin 39-50 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit Rattus norvegicus 84-89 19253410-11 2009 These results suggest that galantamine potentiates NMDA receptor-dependent LTP through alpha7-type nAChR activation, by which the postsynaptic CaMKII and PKC are activated. Galantamin 27-38 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit Rattus norvegicus 99-104 19253410-11 2009 These results suggest that galantamine potentiates NMDA receptor-dependent LTP through alpha7-type nAChR activation, by which the postsynaptic CaMKII and PKC are activated. Galantamin 27-38 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 154-157 20046396-3 2009 Therefore, we investigated the alterations in stress hormones such as cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in CFS patients before and after 4-week administration of galantamine hydrobromide, a selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and aimed to investigate whether there are any relationships between the probable hormonal changes and cholinergic treatment. Galantamin 180-204 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 218-238 19304299-1 2009 The present study was designed to assess if treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine and the cholinergic precursor choline alphoscerate (alpha-glyceryl-phosphoryl-choline) alone or in association has any protective effect on brain microanatomy in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) used as an animal model of vascular dementia (VaD). Galantamin 90-101 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 59-79 19424085-2 2009 Galantamine is a cholinesterase inhibitor that can modulate the nicotinic receptor sites. Galantamin 0-11 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 17-31 19249060-1 2009 The ability of galantamine (Reminyl) to inhibit the aggregation and toxicity of the beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) was investigated. Galantamin 15-26 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 84-104 19249060-1 2009 The ability of galantamine (Reminyl) to inhibit the aggregation and toxicity of the beta-amyloid peptide (Abeta) was investigated. Galantamin 15-26 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 106-111 19249060-2 2009 Galantamine showed concentration-dependent inhibition of aggregation of both Abeta 1-40 and Abeta 1-42, as determined by an ELISA method. Galantamin 0-11 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 77-82 19249060-2 2009 Galantamine showed concentration-dependent inhibition of aggregation of both Abeta 1-40 and Abeta 1-42, as determined by an ELISA method. Galantamin 0-11 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 92-97 19249060-3 2009 Electron microscope studies of Abeta 1-40 incubated in the presence of galantamine revealed fibrils that were disordered and clumped in appearance. Galantamin 71-82 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 31-36 19249060-4 2009 MTT and lactate dehydrogenase assays, employing SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, showed that galantamine reduced the cytotoxicity induced by Abeta 1-40. Galantamin 95-106 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 143-148 19249060-5 2009 Galantamine also dramatically reduced Abeta 1-40-induced cellular apoptosis in these cells. Galantamin 0-11 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 38-43 19252271-2 2009 Donepezil, galantamine and tacrine are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used for the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease, and were believed to be symptomatic drugs whose therapeutic effects are achieved by slowing the hydrolysis of acetylcholine at synaptic termini. Galantamin 11-22 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 39-59 18978489-9 2009 Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms total scores also did not decrease significantly (P = 0.106) in either group; however, galantamine treatment was associated with a greater benefit in the SANS subfactor, alogia (P = 0.007). Galantamin 133-144 USH1 protein network component sans Homo sapiens 200-204 19103181-1 2009 Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and memantine is a non competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors that are being used to treat Alzheimer"s disease (AD) patients. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 18-38 19103181-8 2009 In this study, the association of 10 mg/kg memantine with 10 mg/kg galantamine increased the number of living pyramidal neurons, reduced TUNEL, active caspase-3 and SOD-2 immunoreactivity, and preserved spatial memory after ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, the effects of the combination were not statistically different from those observed in animals treated with galantamine alone. Galantamin 67-78 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 151-160 19103181-8 2009 In this study, the association of 10 mg/kg memantine with 10 mg/kg galantamine increased the number of living pyramidal neurons, reduced TUNEL, active caspase-3 and SOD-2 immunoreactivity, and preserved spatial memory after ischemia-reperfusion injury; however, the effects of the combination were not statistically different from those observed in animals treated with galantamine alone. Galantamin 67-78 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 165-170 19199870-8 2009 Galantamine decreased AChE activity by 2.1% and BuChE activity by 0.5%, but increased AChE protein levels by 51.2% and BuChE protein levels by 10.5%. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 22-26 19199870-8 2009 Galantamine decreased AChE activity by 2.1% and BuChE activity by 0.5%, but increased AChE protein levels by 51.2% and BuChE protein levels by 10.5%. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 86-90 19199870-11 2009 Changes in mean AChE-Readthrough/Synaptic ratios, which might reflect underlying neurodegenerative processes, were 1.4, 0.6, and 0.4 for rivastigmine, donepezil and galantamine, respectively. Galantamin 165-176 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 16-20 19170055-1 2009 A simple and sensitive MEKC with UV detection was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors including galantamine, rivastigmine and major metabolite NAP 226-90 in plasma. Galantamin 154-165 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 112-132 19222556-2 2009 Although its action is mostly directed at the regulation of cholinergic transmission, galantamine can also afford neuroprotection against amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), which is involved in AD pathogenesis. Galantamin 86-97 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 160-165 19222556-10 2009 Overall, these results constitute the first evidence that galantamine can prevent the neuronal oxidative damage induced by Abeta, providing an in vitro basis for the beneficial actions of galantamine in the AD neurodegenerative process. Galantamin 58-69 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 123-128 19222556-10 2009 Overall, these results constitute the first evidence that galantamine can prevent the neuronal oxidative damage induced by Abeta, providing an in vitro basis for the beneficial actions of galantamine in the AD neurodegenerative process. Galantamin 188-199 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 123-128 18639629-5 2009 Peripheral administration of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine significantly reduced serum TNF levels through vagus nerve signaling, and protected against lethality during murine endotoxemia. Galantamin 64-75 acetylcholinesterase Mus musculus 33-53 18639629-5 2009 Peripheral administration of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine significantly reduced serum TNF levels through vagus nerve signaling, and protected against lethality during murine endotoxemia. Galantamin 64-75 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 104-107 18639629-6 2009 Administration of a centrally-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist abolished the suppression of TNF by galantamine, indicating that suppressing acetylcholinesterase activity, coupled with central muscarinic receptors, controls peripheral cytokine responses. Galantamin 104-115 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 97-100 18639629-6 2009 Administration of a centrally-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist abolished the suppression of TNF by galantamine, indicating that suppressing acetylcholinesterase activity, coupled with central muscarinic receptors, controls peripheral cytokine responses. Galantamin 104-115 acetylcholinesterase Mus musculus 145-165 18639629-7 2009 Administration of galantamine to alpha7nAChR knockout mice failed to suppress TNF levels, indicating that the alpha7nAChR-mediated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is required for the anti-inflammatory effect of galantamine. Galantamin 217-228 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 110-121 19133998-1 2009 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Galantamine, a weak acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitor and allosteric potentiator of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs), improves apomorphine-induced deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI), sensory information-processing deficits, via a nAChR-independent mechanism. Galantamin 24-35 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 139-144 19133998-8 2009 Galantamine-induced increases in prefrontal ACh levels were partially blocked by the dopamine D(1) receptor antagonist SCH23390, but not by antagonists of mAChRs (telenzepine) and nAChRs (mecamylamine). Galantamin 0-11 dopamine receptor D1 Mus musculus 85-107 19133998-10 2009 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Galantamine improves apomorphine-induced PPI deficits by stimulating mAChRs through increasing brain ACh levels via a dopamine D(1) receptor-dependent mechanism and AChE inhibition. Galantamin 30-41 dopamine receptor D1 Mus musculus 148-170 19374459-3 2009 Two classes of medications have been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease: the cholinesterase inhibitors (tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine), mostly for mild to moderate Alzheimer"s disease, and the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist memantine for the moderate to severe stages of Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 167-178 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 106-120 19358618-6 2009 RESULTS: Mean ADAS-cog scores of patients with mild AD demonstrated significant improvement from baseline with galantamine 16 and 24 mg/day (p < 0.001 for both), whereas cognitive function did not change significantly for placebo recipients (p = 0.559). Galantamin 111-122 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 14-18 19358618-8 2009 A greater proportion of patients treated with galantamine 16 mg/day (76% and 52% for mild and moderate AD, respectively) or 24 mg/day (69% and 61%, respectively) demonstrated a treatment response (i.e. ADAS-cog was maintained or improved) relative to placebo (55% and 28%, respectively; p < 0.05). Galantamin 46-57 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 202-206 19182463-2 2009 High hopes rose with the development of symptomatic treatments,resulting from randomized controlled trials using cholinergic enhancers or cholinesterase inhibitors, such as donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine. Galantamin 184-195 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 138-152 18949462-2 2009 Cholinesterase inhibitors (i.e., galantamine) that potentiate cholinergic neurotransmission improve cognitive function in Alzheimer"s disease (AD); however, the relationship between these effects and associated changes in nAChRs are yet to be established in vivo. Galantamin 33-44 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 0-14 18938211-7 2008 Our data indicate that galantamine can attenuate neurodegeneration in a Huntington"s disease model by modulating nAChR. Galantamin 23-34 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 113-118 18996666-1 2008 In this work, the interaction of a series of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs; donepezil, galanthamine, huperzine and neostigmine) with human serum albumin (HSA) immobilized on porous silica particles was studied using a biochromatographic approach. Galantamin 97-109 albumin Homo sapiens 149-162 18789720-5 2008 The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) value of galantamine obtained for AChE was 2.39 micromol L(-1). Galantamin 60-71 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 85-89 18845194-10 2008 A combination of galantamine and nicotine greatly suppressed 6-OHDA-induced reduction of TH-immunopositive/alpha7 nAChR-immunopositive neurons. Galantamin 17-28 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit Rattus norvegicus 114-119 18845194-11 2008 These results suggest that galantamine synergistically enhances the neuroprotective effect of nicotine against 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic neuronal loss through an allosteric modulation of alpha7 nAChR activation. Galantamin 27-38 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit Rattus norvegicus 196-201 19021024-3 2008 The sensitivity of manipulation of cholinergic system on VAChT was assessed in rats treated for four weeks with the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor galantamine (3 mg/Kg/day). Galantamin 154-165 solute carrier family 18 member A3 Rattus norvegicus 57-62 19021024-3 2008 The sensitivity of manipulation of cholinergic system on VAChT was assessed in rats treated for four weeks with the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor galantamine (3 mg/Kg/day). Galantamin 154-165 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 116-136 19021024-3 2008 The sensitivity of manipulation of cholinergic system on VAChT was assessed in rats treated for four weeks with the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor galantamine (3 mg/Kg/day). Galantamin 154-165 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 138-142 19021024-5 2008 This increase probably represents an up-regulation of VAChT to oppose cholinergic deficits reported in SHR and is countered by galantamine administration. Galantamin 127-138 solute carrier family 18 member A3 Rattus norvegicus 54-59 18975103-3 2008 Patients treated with galantamine had better scores on the MMSE (p < 0.05),ADAS-cog (p < 0.05), the clock drawing test (p < 0.05), and the FAB (p < 0.01) at the end of the study period as compared with the control group. Galantamin 22-33 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 75-79 18622410-6 2008 The AChE inhibitor galanthamine was also used alone or in combination with SB-271046. Galantamin 19-31 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 4-8 18803156-3 2008 CASE REPORTS: Four patients with CADASIL and dementia were treated with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine and we assessed cognitive, behavioral, functional and the caregiver burden aspects. Galantamin 107-118 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 76-96 18308781-0 2008 Galantamine treatment in Alzheimer"s disease with cerebrovascular disease: responder analyses from a randomized, controlled trial (GAL-INT-6). Galantamin 0-11 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Homo sapiens 131-134 18308781-0 2008 Galantamine treatment in Alzheimer"s disease with cerebrovascular disease: responder analyses from a randomized, controlled trial (GAL-INT-6). Galantamin 0-11 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit E Homo sapiens 135-140 18308781-6 2008 The proportion of patients responding by at least four-points on the ADAS-cog/11 was significantly greater for the galantamine group compared with placebo (33.6% versus 17.2%; P = 0.003). Galantamin 115-126 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 69-73 17379359-1 2008 The effect of galantamine treatment on cortical acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and nicotinic receptor binding was investigated by positron emission tomography (PET) in 18 patients with mild Alzheimer"s disease (AD) in relation to galantamine concentration and the patients" cognitive performances. Galantamin 14-25 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 48-68 17379359-1 2008 The effect of galantamine treatment on cortical acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and nicotinic receptor binding was investigated by positron emission tomography (PET) in 18 patients with mild Alzheimer"s disease (AD) in relation to galantamine concentration and the patients" cognitive performances. Galantamin 14-25 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 70-74 17379359-5 2008 Inhibition (30-40%) of cortical AChE activity was observed after 3 weeks to 12 months of galantamine treatment. Galantamin 89-100 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 32-36 17379359-9 2008 In conclusion, galantamine caused sustained AChE inhibition for up to 12 months. Galantamin 15-26 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 44-48 18550339-2 2008 Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that acts as a positive allosteric modulator of nicotine acetylcholine receptors including both the alpha4beta2 and alpha7 subunits. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 18-38 18438759-1 2008 Galanthamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used for the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease, and galanthamine-type alkaloids are synthesised in different plants of the family Amaryllidaceae. Galantamin 0-12 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 17-37 18325740-2 2008 We investigated the effects of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and allosteric nAChR modulator, galantamine, on cognitive performance and clinical symptoms when added to a stable antipsychotic medication regimen in nonsmoking outpatients with schizophrenia in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group design. Galantamin 98-109 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 81-86 18174021-0 2008 Galantamine and carbon monoxide protect brain microvascular endothelial cells by heme oxygenase-1 induction. Galantamin 0-11 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 81-97 18174021-3 2008 We hypothesized that the protective effects of galantamine would involve induction of the protective gene, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), in addition to enhancement of the cholinergic system. Galantamin 47-58 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 107-123 18174021-3 2008 We hypothesized that the protective effects of galantamine would involve induction of the protective gene, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), in addition to enhancement of the cholinergic system. Galantamin 47-58 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 18174021-5 2008 Galantamine significantly reduced H(2)O(2)-induced cell death of mvECs in association with HO-1 induction. Galantamin 0-11 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 91-95 18174021-8 2008 These data suggest that the protective effects of galantamine require NF-kappaB activation and iNOS expression, in addition to HO-1. Galantamin 50-61 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 95-99 18174021-8 2008 These data suggest that the protective effects of galantamine require NF-kappaB activation and iNOS expression, in addition to HO-1. Galantamin 50-61 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 18174021-10 2008 Our data demonstrate that galantamine mediates cytoprotective effects on mvECs through induction HO-1. Galantamin 26-37 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 18316756-2 2008 PURPOSE: To review the evidence for the effectiveness of cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and tacrine) and the neuropeptide-modifying agent memantine in achieving clinically relevant improvements, primarily in cognition, global function, behavior, and quality of life, for patients with dementia. Galantamin 95-106 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 57-71 18191456-1 2008 Galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to enhance memory in AD patients by acetylcholinesterase inhibition, has been tested for its protective properties on an in vitro model of H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 16-36 18191456-1 2008 Galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used to enhance memory in AD patients by acetylcholinesterase inhibition, has been tested for its protective properties on an in vitro model of H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 88-108 18191456-7 2008 Galantamine also concentration-dependently inhibited AChE activity (28-88%) in H(2)O(2)-SK-N-SH cells after 24h. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 53-57 17656074-4 2008 The results support the allosteric modulatory influence of galantamine on CDP-choline; however, individual doses of CDP-choline and galantamine must be carefully titrated in order to achieve optimal levels of alpha7 nAChR "agonism" that may be necessary for the desired therapeutic effect. Galantamin 59-70 cut like homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 74-77 17196712-0 2008 Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase in CSF versus brain assessed by 11C-PMP PET in AD patients treated with galantamine. Galantamin 107-118 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 14-34 17196712-1 2008 The relationship between acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the CSF and brain of patients with Alzheimer"s disease (AD) was investigated in 18 mild AD patients following galantamine treatment. Galantamin 175-186 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 25-45 17196712-1 2008 The relationship between acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the CSF and brain of patients with Alzheimer"s disease (AD) was investigated in 18 mild AD patients following galantamine treatment. Galantamin 175-186 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 47-51 17912499-2 2008 However, clinical data suggest that the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors galantamine and donepezil have different effects on negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. Galantamin 79-90 acetylcholinesterase Mus musculus 40-60 17912499-2 2008 However, clinical data suggest that the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors galantamine and donepezil have different effects on negative and cognitive symptoms in schizophrenia. Galantamin 79-90 acetylcholinesterase Mus musculus 62-66 18264153-1 2008 BACKGROUND: Some randomized studies, mostly of short duration, have indicated that cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine) may have a beneficial effect in Alzheimer"s disease, vascular dementia and in dementia caused by Lewy body disease. Galantamin 138-149 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 83-97 17986678-3 2008 The current study was designed to examine the efficacy and safety of galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that also acts as an allosteric modulator at the alpha(4)beta(2) and alpha(7) nicotinic receptors, for the treatment of these impairments. Galantamin 69-80 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 85-105 18686744-1 2008 Pharmacologic treatments for Alzheimer"s disease include the cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine. Galantamin 98-109 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 61-75 18991634-6 2008 In this context, cholinesterase inhibitors such as rivastigmine, galantamine and donepezil, are used for the treatment of delusions and other psychotic symptoms. Galantamin 65-76 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 17-31 18042006-3 2007 The acetylcholinesterase inhibitors used to treat AD patients at present are donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine. Galantamin 105-116 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 4-24 18042006-4 2007 This review summarises the current state of the art concerning the pharmacology of galantamine, focusing on the most important details of its possibilities as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, an allosteric potentiator of neuronal nicotinic receptors for acetylcholine, a modulator of neurotransmitter release, and an agent causing neuroprotection through an antiapoptotic action. Galantamin 83-94 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 162-182 17848422-1 2007 BACKGROUND: There are 4 centrally acting cholinesterase inhibitors (CA-ChEI) available in the US: tacrine, galantamine, rivastigmine, and donepezil. Galantamin 107-118 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 41-55 18020110-6 2007 The cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine have demonstrated efficacy in 3- to 12-month placebo-controlled RCTs assessing cognitive, functional, behavioural, and global outcomes in patients with mildly to moderately severe AD. Galantamin 59-70 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 4-18 17613252-1 2007 Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor and weak cholinergic agonist, facilitated classical trace eyeblink conditioning in healthy, young rabbits [Simon, B. Galantamin 50-61 cholinesterase Oryctolagus cuniculus 65-79 17926835-1 2007 (1) Three cholinesterase inhibitors are marketed in France for the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease: donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine. Galantamin 112-123 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 10-24 17955784-1 2007 The efficacy of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine for Alzheimer"s disease is well-documented by a number of studies. Galantamin 63-74 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 20-40 17908053-5 2007 Some cholinesterase inhibitors (tacrine, donepezil, galantamine) are metabolized via CYP-related enzymes, especially CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP1A2. Galantamin 52-63 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 5-19 17908053-5 2007 Some cholinesterase inhibitors (tacrine, donepezil, galantamine) are metabolized via CYP-related enzymes, especially CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP1A2. Galantamin 52-63 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 Homo sapiens 117-123 17908053-5 2007 Some cholinesterase inhibitors (tacrine, donepezil, galantamine) are metabolized via CYP-related enzymes, especially CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP1A2. Galantamin 52-63 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 125-131 17908053-5 2007 Some cholinesterase inhibitors (tacrine, donepezil, galantamine) are metabolized via CYP-related enzymes, especially CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP1A2. Galantamin 52-63 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2 Homo sapiens 137-143 17632185-0 2007 Synergistic effect of combined treatment with risperidone and galantamine on phencyclidine-induced impairment of latent visuospatial learning and memory: Role of nAChR activation-dependent increase of dopamine D1 receptor-mediated neurotransmission. Galantamin 62-73 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 162-167 17632185-4 2007 In the present study, we aimed to investigate the synergistic effect and mechanisms of a combined treatment with an atypical antipsychotic risperidone and galantamine, which is a nAChR-allosteric modulator and a modest cholinesterase inhibitor, on the impairment of latent visuospatial learning and memory in mice resembling the cognitive impairment of schizophrenia. Galantamin 155-166 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 179-184 17632185-4 2007 In the present study, we aimed to investigate the synergistic effect and mechanisms of a combined treatment with an atypical antipsychotic risperidone and galantamine, which is a nAChR-allosteric modulator and a modest cholinesterase inhibitor, on the impairment of latent visuospatial learning and memory in mice resembling the cognitive impairment of schizophrenia. Galantamin 155-166 butyrylcholinesterase Mus musculus 219-233 17632185-10 2007 The study indicates that galantamine and risperidone may have synergistic effect on the cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients by synergistically promoting the nAChR activation-dependent increase of dopamine D1 receptor-mediated neurotransmission. Galantamin 25-36 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 169-174 17632185-10 2007 The study indicates that galantamine and risperidone may have synergistic effect on the cognitive impairments in schizophrenia patients by synergistically promoting the nAChR activation-dependent increase of dopamine D1 receptor-mediated neurotransmission. Galantamin 25-36 dopamine receptor D1 Homo sapiens 208-228 17692343-7 2007 Moreover, suboptimal doses of VRX-03011 and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galanthamine combined to enhance memory. Galantamin 79-91 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 48-68 17526807-9 2007 Galantamine significantly reduced TUNEL, active caspase-3, and SOD-2 immunoreactivity. Galantamin 0-11 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 48-57 17526807-9 2007 Galantamine significantly reduced TUNEL, active caspase-3, and SOD-2 immunoreactivity. Galantamin 0-11 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 63-68 17664404-7 2007 RESULTS: Patients treated with galantamine had a greater improvement in ADAS-cog/11 after 26 weeks compared with placebo (-1.8 vs -0.3; p < 0.001). Galantamin 31-42 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 72-76 17656829-2 2007 The mechanism of action that is most generally recognized as underlying the clinical benefits of galantamine is inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Galantamin 97-108 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 132-152 17656829-2 2007 The mechanism of action that is most generally recognized as underlying the clinical benefits of galantamine is inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Galantamin 97-108 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 154-158 17656829-5 2007 In general, these studies provide evidence of effects beyond those of AChE inhibition alone, most notably in comparisons with other AChE inhibitors, in which galantamine produced similar or greater effects at doses that provided lower levels of brain AChE inhibition. Galantamin 158-169 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 132-136 17656829-5 2007 In general, these studies provide evidence of effects beyond those of AChE inhibition alone, most notably in comparisons with other AChE inhibitors, in which galantamine produced similar or greater effects at doses that provided lower levels of brain AChE inhibition. Galantamin 158-169 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 132-136 17656829-6 2007 The use of nAChR agonists and antagonists in some of these studies lends support to the proposed allosteric potentiating ligand activity of galantamine at nAChRs. Galantamin 140-151 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 11-16 17446300-1 2007 Galantamine, a drug used to treat Alzheimer"s disease, is a nicotinic allosteric potentiating ligand, and kynurenic acid (KYNA), a neuroactive metabolite of the kynurenine pathway, is an endogenous noncompetitive inhibitor of alpha7* nicotinic receptors (nAChRs) [the asterisk next to the nAChR subunit is intended to indicate that the exact subunit composition of the receptor is not known (Pharmacol Rev 51:397-401, 1999)]. Galantamin 0-11 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 255-260 17446300-11 2007 Reducing alpha7* nAChR inhibition by endogenous KYNA may be an important determinant of the effectiveness of galantamine in neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with decreased alpha7* nAChR activity in the brain. Galantamin 109-120 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 17-22 17446300-11 2007 Reducing alpha7* nAChR inhibition by endogenous KYNA may be an important determinant of the effectiveness of galantamine in neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with decreased alpha7* nAChR activity in the brain. Galantamin 109-120 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 197-202 17442521-1 2007 This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study examined changes in brain activation after prolonged (20 weeks) and stabilized treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor galantamine in a small group of patients with very mild Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Galantamin 179-190 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 154-168 17481657-10 2007 X-ray structures of cocaine and galanthamine bound to AChBP (1.8 A and 2.9 A resolution, respectively) reveal interactions deep within the subunit interface and the absence of a contact surface with the tip of loop C. Hence, in addition to channel blocking, non-competitive interactions with heteromeric neuronal nAChR appear to occur at the non-alpha subunit interface, a site presumed to be similar to that of modulating benzodiazepines on GABA(A) receptors. Galantamin 32-44 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 313-318 16925890-3 2007 By analogy to the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, galantamine (0.0025-0.63 mg/kg s.c.), the selective and high efficacy D1 receptor agonist, SKF 82958, dose-dependently (0.0025-0.63), robustly and potently enhanced extracellular levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of freely moving rats. Galantamin 50-61 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 18-38 17374745-0 2007 The acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine inhibits d-amphetamine-induced psychotic-like behavior in Cebus monkeys. Galantamin 35-46 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 4-24 17374745-5 2007 We wanted to investigate the antipsychotic potential of the AChE inhibitor galantamine, which also allosterically potentiates nicotinic receptor stimulation. Galantamin 75-86 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 60-64 17119537-8 2007 Galantamine has two mechanisms of action: mild cholinesterase inhibition and allosteric modulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Galantamin 0-11 cholinesterase Oryctolagus cuniculus 47-61 17119537-9 2007 When equated for cholinesterase inhibition, galantamine had significant efficacy in the eyeblink conditioning model system, but donepezil did not, indicating that modulation of nAChRs may be the mechanism that significantly ameliorates learning deficits in this model. Galantamin 44-55 cholinesterase Oryctolagus cuniculus 17-31 17133263-2 2007 In the present study, we investigated whether galantamine exerts cognitive improving effects through the allosteric modulation of nAChR in the intracerebroventricular beta amyloid (Abeta)(25-35)-injected animal model of Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 46-57 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 130-135 17133263-8 2007 These improving effects of galantamine were blocked by the treatment with mecamylamine, SCH-23390, a dopamine-D1 receptor antagonist, and sulpiride, a dopamine-D2 receptor antagonist, but not by scopolamine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Galantamin 27-38 dopamine receptor D1 Mus musculus 101-121 17133263-8 2007 These improving effects of galantamine were blocked by the treatment with mecamylamine, SCH-23390, a dopamine-D1 receptor antagonist, and sulpiride, a dopamine-D2 receptor antagonist, but not by scopolamine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. Galantamin 27-38 dopamine receptor D2 Mus musculus 151-171 18221220-7 2007 Initially identified nAChR allosteric modulators, including 5-hydroxyindole (5-HI), galantamine, bovine serum albumin, and SLURP-1, are weak and nonselective. Galantamin 84-95 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 21-26 17724973-2 2007 Presently three AChE inhibitors are approved for the treatment of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer dementia: donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine. Galantamin 140-151 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 16-20 17466645-4 2007 Cholinesterase inhibitor therapy with rivastigmine, donepezil, or galantamine is endorsed as standard first-line therapy in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 66-77 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 0-14 17314008-6 2007 Consistently, most of the cells in hippocampal CA1 region which were vulnerable to ischemic insults, survived after galantamine treatment. Galantamin 116-127 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 47-50 17313606-7 2007 Within the galantamine group and at a 6-month follow up, the Alzheimer"s Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog score) showed an improvement of 2.9 +/- 1.18 (p = 0.019, paired t-test) but remained the same at 1 and 2 years. Galantamin 11-22 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 118-122 17313962-3 2007 In the present study, we aimed to investigate the synergistic effect and mechanism of risperidone and galantamine, which is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-allosteric modulator and a modest cholinesterase inhibitor, on phencyclidine (PCP)-treated mouse model of social withdrawal. Galantamin 102-113 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 126-158 17313962-3 2007 In the present study, we aimed to investigate the synergistic effect and mechanism of risperidone and galantamine, which is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-allosteric modulator and a modest cholinesterase inhibitor, on phencyclidine (PCP)-treated mouse model of social withdrawal. Galantamin 102-113 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 160-165 17313962-3 2007 In the present study, we aimed to investigate the synergistic effect and mechanism of risperidone and galantamine, which is a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-allosteric modulator and a modest cholinesterase inhibitor, on phencyclidine (PCP)-treated mouse model of social withdrawal. Galantamin 102-113 butyrylcholinesterase Mus musculus 201-215 17313962-7 2007 We conclude that galantamine may have synergistic effect with risperidone on the negative symptom of social withdrawal in schizophrenia, which is mediated by dopamine-D(1) receptors in the mPFC through nAChR activation-increased dopamine release. Galantamin 17-28 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 202-207 17425139-1 2007 A simple, rapid, sensitive, and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method is developed and validated for the quantitation of galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in human plasma, using a commercially available compound, loratadine, as the internal standard. Galantamin 147-158 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 163-183 17196952-0 2007 Nicotinic component of galantamine in the regulation of amyloid precursor protein processing. Galantamin 23-34 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 56-81 17196952-3 2007 We investigated the effect of GAL on the metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) in differentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Galantamin 30-33 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 59-84 17085051-2 2007 Several secolycorine derivatives showed potent inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase with the IC(50) value at micromolar range and are more potent than galanthamine. Galantamin 163-175 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 75-95 17125927-0 2007 Changes of cholinesterase activities in the plasma and some tissues following administration of L-carnitine and galanthamine to rats. Galantamin 112-124 butyrylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 11-25 17125927-1 2007 Changes of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities in the hypophysis and brain (frontal cortex, hippocampus, medial septum and basal ganglia), and butyrylcholinesterase in plasma and liver following galanthamine (GAL) administration were studied in rats pretreated with L-carnitine (CAR). Galantamin 198-210 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 11-31 17125927-5 2007 followed by GAL administration showed higher AChE inhibition in comparison with single GAL administration. Galantamin 12-15 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 45-49 17125927-8 2007 Thus, pretreatment with CAR enhanced AChE inhibition in some brain parts of the rat following GAL administration. Galantamin 94-97 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 Rattus norvegicus 24-27 17125927-8 2007 Thus, pretreatment with CAR enhanced AChE inhibition in some brain parts of the rat following GAL administration. Galantamin 94-97 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 37-41 16641937-8 2007 The effect of galantamine was prevented by the nAChR antagonist mecamylamine (1.0 mg/kg s.c.), but not the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine (0.1 mg/kg s.c.), and it was not mimicked by the selective AChE inhibitor donepezil (1.0 mg/kg s.c.). Galantamin 14-25 cholinergic receptor nicotinic epsilon subunit Rattus norvegicus 47-52 16641937-10 2007 Galantamine"s effect was also prevented by the alpha7 nAChR antagonist methyllycaconitine (6.0 mg/kg i.p.) Galantamin 0-11 cholinergic receptor nicotinic epsilon subunit Rattus norvegicus 54-59 18427456-3 2007 Patients treated with galantamine had better scores on MMSE (p<0,05), ADAS-cog (p<0,05), clock drawing test (p<0,05) and FAB (p<0,01) to the end of the trial comparing to the control group. Galantamin 22-33 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 70-74 17190371-2 2006 Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that increases the effect of acetylcholine (ACh). Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 18-38 17159811-0 2006 Effect of galantamine on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in the presence of L-carnitine in rat selected brain and peripheral tissues. Galantamin 10-21 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 25-45 17159811-0 2006 Effect of galantamine on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in the presence of L-carnitine in rat selected brain and peripheral tissues. Galantamin 10-21 butyrylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 50-71 17159811-2 2006 We attempted to achieve pharmacologically-induced enhancement of the parasympathomimetic activity of GAL in the key areas of rat brain, using an interactive combination of the alkaloid with the transmembrane enhancer L-carnitine (CAR). Galantamin 101-104 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 Rattus norvegicus 217-234 17060346-3 2006 There is type 1a evidence for cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine) for mild to moderate Alzheimer"s disease; memantine for moderate to severe Alzheimer"s disease; and for the use of bright light therapy and aromatherapy. Galantamin 85-96 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 30-44 17033976-9 2006 CONCLUSION: This study showed significative differences in the global treatment persistence among the considered drug-cholinesterase inhibitors, showing higher persistence resulting in patients treated with donepezil compared to those who received rivastigmine, galantamine or memantine. Galantamin 262-273 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 118-132 17032609-2 2006 Three cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmin og galantamin) are approved mild to moderate Alzheimer"s disease and one partial NMDA receptor antagonist (memantin) with the indication moderate to severe Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 59-69 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 6-20 16806095-2 2006 Galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor with putative nicotinic agonist-like effects, improves cognition in Alzheimer"s patients. Galantamin 0-11 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 15-29 16762377-5 2006 Inhibitors for a non-receptor type tyrosine kinase, Fyn, and janus-activated kinase 2, suppressed the neuroprotective effect of donepezil and galanthamine, but not that of tacrine. Galantamin 142-154 FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 52-55 16762377-7 2006 The phosphorylation of Akt, an effector of PI3K, and the expression level of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, increased with donepezil and galanthamine treatment, but not with tacrine treatment. Galantamin 140-152 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 16762377-7 2006 The phosphorylation of Akt, an effector of PI3K, and the expression level of Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, increased with donepezil and galanthamine treatment, but not with tacrine treatment. Galantamin 140-152 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 77-82 16762377-8 2006 These results suggest that donepezil and galanthamine prevent glutamate neurotoxicity through alpha4- and alpha7-nAChRs, followed by the PI3K-Akt pathway, and that tacrine protects neuronal cells through a different pathway. Galantamin 41-53 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 142-145 16914529-4 2006 Here, we demonstrate that galantamine, a reversible and centrally acting AChE inhibitor approved for treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer"s disease, protects guinea pigs from the acute toxicity of lethal doses of the nerve agents soman and sarin, and of paraoxon, the active metabolite of the insecticide parathion. Galantamin 26-37 acetylcholinesterase Cavia porcellus 73-77 16914529-7 2006 In preventing the lethality of nerve agents, galantamine was far more effective than pyridostigmine, a peripherally acting AChE inhibitor, and it was less toxic than huperzine, a centrally acting AChE inhibitor. Galantamin 45-56 acetylcholinesterase Cavia porcellus 123-127 16914529-7 2006 In preventing the lethality of nerve agents, galantamine was far more effective than pyridostigmine, a peripherally acting AChE inhibitor, and it was less toxic than huperzine, a centrally acting AChE inhibitor. Galantamin 45-56 acetylcholinesterase Cavia porcellus 196-200 16880719-1 2006 Donepezil, galanthamine, and tacrine are therapeutic acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors used for the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 11-23 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 53-73 16880719-1 2006 Donepezil, galanthamine, and tacrine are therapeutic acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors used for the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 11-23 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 75-79 16880719-7 2006 On the other hand, the neuroprotective effects of donepezil and galanthamine, but not of tacrine, against neurotoxicity induced by moderate glutamate treatment were mediated through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway. Galantamin 64-76 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 216-219 16938240-1 2006 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of clinical and demographic variables on mortality in patients with probable Alzheimer"s disease treated with the cholinesterase inhibitor galantamine. Galantamin 185-196 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 160-174 16989488-2 2006 The cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine have a central role in the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease in the mild to moderate stages. Galantamin 66-77 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 4-18 16700849-7 2006 Treatment with galantamine showed significant improvement in cognition on the ADAS-cog and CIBIC-plus at month 6. Galantamin 15-26 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 78-82 16483771-3 2006 AChE inhibitory activity of related monomeric 1-benzylisoquinolines was examined by using Ellman colorimetric assay with galanthamine as a reference standard. Galantamin 121-133 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 0-4 16354790-2 2006 The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the cholinesterase inhibitor galantamine and the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist memantine in comparison to nicotine on the neuropathology of Tg2576 transgenic mice (APPswe). Galantamin 84-95 butyrylcholinesterase Mus musculus 59-73 16354790-6 2006 Galantamine treatment caused an increase in the cortical levels of synaptophysin in the APPswe mice. Galantamin 0-11 synaptophysin Mus musculus 67-80 16354790-8 2006 In conclusion, galantamine, memantine, and nicotine have different interactions with Abeta processes, alpha7 nAChRs, and NMDA receptors in APPswe mice. Galantamin 15-26 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 85-90 16533671-1 2006 Cholinesterase inhibitors including donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, memantine are the medications currently approved for the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Galantamin 65-76 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 0-14 16289855-2 2006 Moderate and strong inhibitors of BChE--compared to galanthamine and rivastigmine--were identified, which show mixed affinities or are moderately or highly selective towards BChE, respectively. Galantamin 52-64 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 34-38 16289855-2 2006 Moderate and strong inhibitors of BChE--compared to galanthamine and rivastigmine--were identified, which show mixed affinities or are moderately or highly selective towards BChE, respectively. Galantamin 52-64 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 174-178 16449754-1 2006 Cholinesterase inhibitor (ChEI) medications (ie, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) have been useful in slowing the progression of the mild to moderate stages of Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Galantamin 78-89 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 0-14 16437436-13 2006 Treatment with galantamine also led to significantly greater reduction in ADAS-cog score at all dosing levels (k = 8), with greater effect over six months compared to three months. Galantamin 15-26 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 74-78 16437436-18 2006 Galantamine"s adverse effects appeared similar to those of other cholinesterase inhibitors and to be dose related. Galantamin 0-11 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 65-79 16437493-16 2006 Statistically significant benefits favouring galantamine over placebo in assessments of cognition (ADAS-cog/11; p < 0.001) and executive function (Executive Interview, EXIT-25, p = 0.041) were recorded. Galantamin 45-56 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 99-103 16437532-10 2006 MAIN RESULTS: The results of 13 randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trials demonstrate that treatment for periods of 6 months and one year, with donepezil, galantamine or rivastigmine at the recommended dose for people with mild, moderate or severe dementia due to Alzheimer"s disease produced improvements in cognitive function, on average -2.7 points (95%CI -3.0 to -2.3), in the midrange of the 70 point ADAS-Cog Scale. Galantamin 165-176 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 416-420 23862185-6 2006 Reductions in acetylcholine and acetyltransferase activity are common to both Alzheimer"s disease and vascular cognitive impairment raising the possibility that cholinesterase inhibitors such as galantamine may be beneficial for the latter. Galantamin 195-206 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 161-175 23862185-19 2006 Statistically significant benefits favouring galantamine over placebo in assessments of cognition (ADAS-cog, MD -1.50, 95% CI -2.39 to -0.61, P = 0.0009), and favouring placebo compared with galantamine for behaviour (NPI, MD 1.80, 95% CI0.29 to 3.31, P = 0.02) are recorded. Galantamin 45-56 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 99-103 16720956-2 2006 The cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine have demonstrated efficacy in improving cognition and global status and to a lesser extent, behavioral abnormalities relative to placebo in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 59-70 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 4-18 16254428-0 2006 Effect of the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele on the efficacy and tolerability of galantamine in the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 83-94 apolipoprotein E Homo sapiens 14-30 16254428-1 2006 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon4 allele on the efficacy and tolerability of galantamine treatment. Galantamin 120-131 apolipoprotein E Homo sapiens 44-60 16254428-1 2006 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) epsilon4 allele on the efficacy and tolerability of galantamine treatment. Galantamin 120-131 apolipoprotein E Homo sapiens 62-66 16373816-4 2006 Emergency physicians should strongly consider cholinesterase inhibitor (rivastigmine, galantamine, and tacrine) ingestion in patients who present with short and temporary organophosphate-like toxidromes. Galantamin 86-97 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 46-60 16323253-9 2006 Treatment with donepezil, rivastigmine or galantamine resulted in significantly better cognitive performance using the ADAS-cog scale when compared with placebo. Galantamin 42-53 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 119-123 16323253-14 2006 CONCLUSIONS: The cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine can delay cognitive impairment in patients with mild to moderately-severe AD for at least 6 months duration. Galantamin 72-83 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 17-31 17192628-3 2006 Furthermore, it seems that activation of alpha7 nAChR is the mechanism by which galantamine protects against thapsigargin and beta-amyloid-induced cell death (Arias et al., 2004), as well as in neuroprotection exerted by NIC against tumor necrosis factor alpha (Gahring et al., 2003). Galantamin 80-91 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 7 Mus musculus 41-53 17192628-3 2006 Furthermore, it seems that activation of alpha7 nAChR is the mechanism by which galantamine protects against thapsigargin and beta-amyloid-induced cell death (Arias et al., 2004), as well as in neuroprotection exerted by NIC against tumor necrosis factor alpha (Gahring et al., 2003). Galantamin 80-91 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 233-260 16298243-3 2006 We hypothesized that cholinergic malfunction may underlie memory impairment in these subjects and applied a low dosage of an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, galantamine (4 mg bid), for 7 days. Galantamin 208-219 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 125-145 16242849-0 2006 Galantamine increases excitability of CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Galantamin 0-11 carbonic anhydrase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 38-41 16242849-3 2006 We examined galantamine"s effect on CA1 neurons from hippocampal slices of young and aging rabbits using current-clamp, intracellular recording techniques. Galantamin 12-23 carbonic anhydrase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 36-39 16242849-4 2006 Galantamine (10-200 microM) dose-dependently reduced the postburst afterhyperpolarization and the spike-frequency accommodation of CA1 neurons from both young and aging animals. Galantamin 0-11 carbonic anhydrase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 131-134 18221196-5 2006 Galanthamine is a long-acting, selective, reversible and competitive AChE inhibitor that has recently been tested in AD patients and found to be readily absorbed, to be a performance enhancer on memory tests in some patients, and to be well tolerated, although some cholinergic side effects were observed. Galantamin 0-12 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 69-73 16154210-12 2005 This retention deficit for cued fear conditioning is ameliorated by treatment with the AChE inhibitor galantamine. Galantamin 102-113 acetylcholinesterase Mus musculus 87-91 16601783-1 2005 Galantamine (GAL) is a selective, competitive and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, which increases the activity of the cholinergic system and hence gives rise to an improvement of cognitive functions in patients suffering from dementia of Alzheimer type. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 61-81 16601783-1 2005 Galantamine (GAL) is a selective, competitive and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, which increases the activity of the cholinergic system and hence gives rise to an improvement of cognitive functions in patients suffering from dementia of Alzheimer type. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 83-87 16601783-1 2005 Galantamine (GAL) is a selective, competitive and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, which increases the activity of the cholinergic system and hence gives rise to an improvement of cognitive functions in patients suffering from dementia of Alzheimer type. Galantamin 13-16 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 61-81 16601783-1 2005 Galantamine (GAL) is a selective, competitive and reversible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, which increases the activity of the cholinergic system and hence gives rise to an improvement of cognitive functions in patients suffering from dementia of Alzheimer type. Galantamin 13-16 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 83-87 16601783-3 2005 The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pretreatment with CAR on AChE inhibition caused by GAL in selected brain parts in rat (basal ganglia, septum, frontal cortex, hippocampus) and in hypophysis, which does not lay beyond the blood-brain-barrier. Galantamin 106-109 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 80-84 16144975-0 2005 Unequal neuroprotection afforded by the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors galantamine, donepezil, and rivastigmine in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: role of nicotinic receptors. Galantamin 72-83 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 40-60 16144975-1 2005 Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine are three drugs with acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibiting activity that are currently being used to treat patients suffering from Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 29-40 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 62-82 16144975-1 2005 Donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine are three drugs with acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-inhibiting activity that are currently being used to treat patients suffering from Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 29-40 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 84-88 16144975-8 2005 The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt blocker 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-1(4H)-benzopyran-4-one hydrochloride (LY294002) reversed the protective effects of galantamine, donepezil, and nicotine but not that of rivastigmine. Galantamin 159-170 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 37-40 16144975-11 2005 Such neuroprotection seemed to be linked to alpha7 nicotinic receptors and the PI3K-Akt pathway in the case of galantamine and donepezil but not for rivastigmine. Galantamin 111-122 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 84-87 16248990-0 2005 Nicotinic-receptor potentiator drugs, huprine X and galantamine, increase ACh release by blocking AChE activity but not acting on nicotinic receptors. Galantamin 52-63 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 98-102 16273995-5 2005 Galantamine is a cholinesterase inhibitor that also has nicotinic receptor-modulating properties that has been successful in improving AD patients. Galantamin 0-11 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 17-31 16197661-1 2005 INTRODUCTION: Exploratory pilot studies and knowledge of its mode of action suggested that galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor and modulator of nicotinic receptors, can improve attention. Galantamin 91-102 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 106-120 15951032-1 2005 Clinical trials show beneficial effects of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, including galantamine, on cognitive functions in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 93-104 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 65-69 15951032-8 2005 Galantamine post-treatment also affected NMDA-induced changes in AChE and choline-acetyltransferase activities. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 65-69 15951032-8 2005 Galantamine post-treatment also affected NMDA-induced changes in AChE and choline-acetyltransferase activities. Galantamin 0-11 choline O-acetyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 74-99 15937519-1 2005 In this study, we have examined cellular responses of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells after chronic treatment with galantamine, a drug used to treat Alzheimer"s disease that has a dual mechanism of action: inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and allosteric potentiation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Galantamin 111-122 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 268-301 15937519-1 2005 In this study, we have examined cellular responses of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells after chronic treatment with galantamine, a drug used to treat Alzheimer"s disease that has a dual mechanism of action: inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and allosteric potentiation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). Galantamin 111-122 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 303-308 15937519-8 2005 These observations support the hypothesis that chronic galantamine exerts its effects through interaction with nAChR in this cell line. Galantamin 55-66 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 111-116 15937519-11 2005 Thus, chronic galantamine acts at nAChR to decrease subsequent functional responses to acute stimulation with nicotine or KCl. Galantamin 14-25 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 34-39 15986464-1 2005 The goal of the current study was to develop an intranasal (IN) formulation of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor galantamine, an important therapeutic for treating Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 114-125 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 83-103 15834443-6 2005 Galantamine, at a concentration of 0.1 microM, increased the amplitude of acetylcholine (ACh)-induced ion currents in the human alpha7 nAChR expressed in Xenopus oocytes, but caused inhibition at higher concentrations. Galantamin 0-11 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 135-140 15834443-9 2005 The same enhancing effect was obtained in oocytes transplanted with Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) isolated from the electric organ, but in this case the optimal concentration of galantamine was 1 microM. Galantamin 196-207 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 76-108 16078659-5 2005 Rivastigmine and galantamine, both cholinesterase inhibitors, and memantine, an NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) antagonist, are licensed for the treatment of AD. Galantamin 17-28 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 35-49 15654502-8 2005 RESULTS: All cholinesterase inhibitors reduced cognitive deficits with the following optimal daily doses: galantamine 1.25 mg kg(-1), rivastigmine 0.5 mg kg(-1) and donepezil 0.3 mg kg(-1). Galantamin 106-117 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 13-27 23203491-3 2005 Rivastigmine and galantamine, both cholinesterase inhibitors, and memantine, an NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) antagonist, are licensed for the treatment of AD. Galantamin 17-28 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 35-49 15823582-4 2005 We also demonstrated that galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with allosteric nAChR-potentiating ligand properties, prevented glutamate-induced motor neuronal death. Galantamin 26-37 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 42-62 15823582-4 2005 We also demonstrated that galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with allosteric nAChR-potentiating ligand properties, prevented glutamate-induced motor neuronal death. Galantamin 26-37 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 89-94 15883258-3 2005 DESIGN: This is a hypothesis-driven, prospective, open-label study of 19 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease examined before and after treatment with the cholinesterase inhibitor galantamine. Galantamin 192-203 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 167-181 15834447-0 2005 Actions of tacrine and galanthamine on histamine-N-methyltransferase. Galantamin 23-35 histamine N-methyltransferase Homo sapiens 39-68 15834447-3 2005 Presently, the effects of tacrine and galanthamine (another AD medication) were studied on the activity of several forms of human and rat HNMT. Galantamin 38-50 histamine N-methyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 138-142 15818530-2 2005 We investigate the cost-effectiveness of the AChE inhibitor Galantamine for patients with Alzheimer"s disease (AD) in a German context. Galantamin 60-71 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 45-49 15818530-5 2005 RESULTS: In the base case, the application of the AChE inhibitor Galantamine is a dominant scenario with cost savings along with gained quality adjusted life years. Galantamin 65-76 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 50-54 15863734-3 2005 The cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil hydrochloride, galantamine hydrobromide, and rivastigmine tartrate are the current mainstays of symptomatic treatment for patients with AD. Galantamin 55-79 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 4-18 15522999-2 2005 Other such treatments are cholinesterase inhibitors and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-sensitizing agents such as galantamine. Galantamin 124-135 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 90-95 15694923-0 2005 Brain levels and acetylcholinesterase inhibition with galantamine and donepezil in rats, mice, and rabbits. Galantamin 54-65 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 17-37 15694923-1 2005 Galantamine is a rather weak acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, currently approved for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer"s disease, with possible additional allosteric potentiating effects at the nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR). Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 29-49 15694923-1 2005 Galantamine is a rather weak acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, currently approved for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer"s disease, with possible additional allosteric potentiating effects at the nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR). Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 51-55 15694923-1 2005 Galantamine is a rather weak acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, currently approved for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer"s disease, with possible additional allosteric potentiating effects at the nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR). Galantamin 0-11 cholinergic receptor nicotinic epsilon subunit Rattus norvegicus 205-227 15694923-1 2005 Galantamine is a rather weak acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, currently approved for the symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer"s disease, with possible additional allosteric potentiating effects at the nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR). Galantamin 0-11 cholinergic receptor nicotinic epsilon subunit Rattus norvegicus 229-234 15694923-2 2005 Earlier data from in vitro biochemical tests suggest that donepezil is 40- to 500-fold more potent than galantamine in inhibiting AChE. Galantamin 104-115 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 130-134 15694923-3 2005 In this study, both brain levels and Ki values for AChE inhibition for donepezil and galantamine in rat, mouse, and rabbit after subcutaneous application were determined. Galantamin 85-96 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 51-55 15694923-7 2005 Ki values of brain AChE inhibition for galantamine and donepezil, respectively, are 7.1 and 2.3 microg/g in rats, 8.3 and 0.65 microg/g for mice, and 19.1 and 1.3 microg/g in rabbits. Galantamin 39-50 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 19-23 15694923-8 2005 The data also suggest that for a similar degree of brain AChE inhibition, 3-15 times higher galantamine than donepezil doses are needed. Galantamin 92-103 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 57-61 15639548-4 2005 As galantamine is a modest acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in addition to being an allosteric modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, it is interesting to study the clinical effects of this compound in the light of its neurochemical properties to discern potential neuroprotective effects. Galantamin 3-14 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 106-139 15474653-1 2005 The present study evaluated the effect of galanthamine, a selective competitive cholinesterase inhibitor, on histological and functional outcome after experimental stroke in rats. Galantamin 42-54 butyrylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 80-94 15785036-2 2005 Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that this ratio might serve as a therapeutic marker for AD patients treated with the cholinesterase inhibitor, galantamine. Galantamin 150-161 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 124-138 15990426-4 2005 Galantamine was associated with significant improvements in the ADAS-cog/11 score but not in the CIBIC-plus or NPI scores. Galantamin 0-11 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 64-68 16336020-1 2005 OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost effectiveness (from the UK NHS and personal social services perspective) of the cholinesterase inhibitors donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine compared with usual care in the treatment of mild to moderately severe Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 166-177 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 112-126 17203561-18 2005 Donepezil and galantamine were the preferred cholinesterase inhibitors. Galantamin 14-25 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 45-59 15541385-5 2004 Galantamine induced phosphorylation of Akt, an effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), while PI3K inhibitors blocked the protective effect and Akt phosphorylation. Galantamin 0-11 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 39-42 15541385-5 2004 Galantamine induced phosphorylation of Akt, an effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), while PI3K inhibitors blocked the protective effect and Akt phosphorylation. Galantamin 0-11 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit beta Rattus norvegicus 59-88 15541385-5 2004 Galantamine induced phosphorylation of Akt, an effector of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), while PI3K inhibitors blocked the protective effect and Akt phosphorylation. Galantamin 0-11 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 153-156 15541385-6 2004 The antibody FK1, which selectively blocks the allosterically potentiating ligand site on nAChR, significantly reduced the galantamine-induced protection and Akt phosphorylation. Galantamin 123-134 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 90-95 15541385-7 2004 Furthermore, suppression of alpha7 nAChR using an RNA interference technique reduced Akt phosphorylation induced by galantamine. Galantamin 116-127 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 35-40 15541385-7 2004 Furthermore, suppression of alpha7 nAChR using an RNA interference technique reduced Akt phosphorylation induced by galantamine. Galantamin 116-127 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 85-88 15541385-8 2004 Our data suggest that neuroprotection by galantamine is mediated, at least in part, by alpha7 nAChR-PI3K cascade. Galantamin 41-52 cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit Rattus norvegicus 94-99 15530663-0 2004 Galantamine blocks cloned Kv2.1, but not Kv1.5 potassium channels. Galantamin 0-11 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 26-31 15530663-2 2004 In the present study, the effects of galantamine on currents of cloned Kv2.1 and Kv1.5 potassium channels were investigated by using patch-clamp whole cell recording techniques. Galantamin 37-48 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 71-76 15530663-2 2004 In the present study, the effects of galantamine on currents of cloned Kv2.1 and Kv1.5 potassium channels were investigated by using patch-clamp whole cell recording techniques. Galantamin 37-48 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 Homo sapiens 81-86 15530663-4 2004 Galantamine blocked Kv2.1 current in a concentration-dependent manner. Galantamin 0-11 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 20-25 15537474-6 2004 On the ADL, donepezil- and galantamine-treated patients showed decreases of 0.44 and 0.86 points, respectively, while there was "no change" with rivastigmine. Galantamin 27-38 sarcoglycan alpha Homo sapiens 7-10 15496314-1 2004 Galantamine, a mild acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and an allosteric ligand of nicotinic receptors, enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner the amplitude of purinergic twitch contractions of the electrically stimulated rat vas deferens (0.2 Hz, 1 ms, 60 V). Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 20-40 15496314-2 2004 Other acetylcholinesterase inhibitors also increased the twitches, showing a hierarchy of potencies of galantamine>physostigmine>tacrine>rivastigmine=donepezil. Galantamin 103-114 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 6-26 15495017-13 2004 Treatment with galantamine also led to significantly greater reduction in ADAS-cog score at all dosing levels (k=7), with greater effect over 6 months compared to 3 months. Galantamin 15-26 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 74-78 15495017-18 2004 Galantamine"s adverse effects appeared similar to those of other cholinesterase inhibitors and to be dose related. Galantamin 0-11 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 65-79 15495017-22 2004 Galantamine"s safety profile is similar to that of other cholinesterase inhibitors with respect to cholinergically mediated gastrointestinal symptoms. Galantamin 0-11 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 57-71 15598477-10 2004 Results demonstrated a robust dose-response relationship between ADAS-cog/11-K and galantamine dosage compared with baseline and controls at 16 weeks. Galantamin 83-94 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 65-69 15480840-8 2004 Recent studies with the cholinesterase inhibitors galantamine, donepezil and rivastigmine show promising results in improving cognition and ameliorating psychotic symptoms, which must further be confirmed in randomized controlled trials. Galantamin 50-61 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 24-38 15389998-0 2004 Reversible Pisa syndrome (pleurothotonus) due to the cholinesterase inhibitor galantamine: case report. Galantamin 78-89 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 53-67 15389998-1 2004 We report on a case of reversible Pisa syndrome developed after treatment with galantamine in a patient with Alzheimer"s disease without previous exposure to neuroleptic or other cholinesterase inhibitors. Galantamin 79-90 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 179-193 15304241-1 2004 The therapeutic approach for improving the cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer"s disease (AD) is mainly based on the potentiation of central cholinergic activity and is achieved clinically by the use of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine and other drugs currently in clinical trials. Galantamin 294-305 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 213-233 15304241-1 2004 The therapeutic approach for improving the cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer"s disease (AD) is mainly based on the potentiation of central cholinergic activity and is achieved clinically by the use of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine and other drugs currently in clinical trials. Galantamin 294-305 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 235-239 15353385-5 2004 RESULTS: Patients taking galantamine continuously throughout the double-blind and open-label studies (N=288) showed sustained cognitive benefits on ADAS-Cog/11 scores at 18.5 months. Galantamin 25-36 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 148-152 15335298-1 2004 The "second-generation" cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs), donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine, are a class of medications that are currently approved for the treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer"s disease (AD). Galantamin 70-81 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 24-38 15675722-3 2004 Several studies showed promising results for cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezile, rivastigmine and galantamine. Galantamin 108-119 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 45-59 15322258-8 2004 In addition, galantamine, which is both an inhibitor of AChE and an allosteric potentiator of nAChRs, had similar effects. Galantamin 13-24 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 56-60 15380373-0 2004 Effect of subchronic galantamine treatment on neuronal nicotinic and muscarinic receptor subtypes in transgenic mice overexpressing human acetylcholinesterase. Galantamin 21-32 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 138-158 15380373-5 2004 A significant increase in [(3)H]cytisine (alpha4 nicotinic receptor) binding was measured in the CA1 and CA3 area of the hippocampus of FVB/N mice following galantamine treatment. Galantamin 157-168 carbonic anhydrase 1 Mus musculus 97-100 15380373-5 2004 A significant increase in [(3)H]cytisine (alpha4 nicotinic receptor) binding was measured in the CA1 and CA3 area of the hippocampus of FVB/N mice following galantamine treatment. Galantamin 157-168 carbonic anhydrase 3 Mus musculus 105-108 15342104-0 2004 Galantamine and nicotine have a synergistic effect on inhibition of microglial activation induced by HIV-1 gp120. Galantamin 0-11 Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor Human immunodeficiency virus 1 107-112 15342104-8 2004 Furthermore, this activation, as measured by TNF-alpha and nitric oxide (NO) release, is synergistically attenuated through the alpha7 nAChR and p44/42 MAPK system by pretreatment with nicotine, and the cholinesterase inhibitor, galantamine. Galantamin 229-240 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 45-54 15342104-8 2004 Furthermore, this activation, as measured by TNF-alpha and nitric oxide (NO) release, is synergistically attenuated through the alpha7 nAChR and p44/42 MAPK system by pretreatment with nicotine, and the cholinesterase inhibitor, galantamine. Galantamin 229-240 interferon induced protein 44 Homo sapiens 145-148 15342104-8 2004 Furthermore, this activation, as measured by TNF-alpha and nitric oxide (NO) release, is synergistically attenuated through the alpha7 nAChR and p44/42 MAPK system by pretreatment with nicotine, and the cholinesterase inhibitor, galantamine. Galantamin 229-240 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 203-217 15245794-5 2004 Galantamine, a mild acetylcholinesterase (AChE) blocker and nicotinic receptor modulator, given 30 min before and during OGD plus re-oxygenation (1, 2 and 3 h) significantly reduced LDH release by around 50%. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 20-40 15245794-5 2004 Galantamine, a mild acetylcholinesterase (AChE) blocker and nicotinic receptor modulator, given 30 min before and during OGD plus re-oxygenation (1, 2 and 3 h) significantly reduced LDH release by around 50%. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 42-46 15359558-3 2004 He was treated with galantamine 4 mg bid, which was increased to 8 mg bid after four weeks. Galantamin 20-31 BH3 interacting domain death agonist Homo sapiens 37-40 15359558-3 2004 He was treated with galantamine 4 mg bid, which was increased to 8 mg bid after four weeks. Galantamin 20-31 BH3 interacting domain death agonist Homo sapiens 70-73 15241294-4 2004 Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors, such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, cause symptomatic improvement by inhibiting the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to increase its synaptic availability and, in the case of galantamine, by also allosterically potentiating nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Galantamin 70-81 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 0-14 15241294-4 2004 Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors, such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, cause symptomatic improvement by inhibiting the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to increase its synaptic availability and, in the case of galantamine, by also allosterically potentiating nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Galantamin 70-81 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 16-19 15241294-4 2004 Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors, such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, cause symptomatic improvement by inhibiting the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to increase its synaptic availability and, in the case of galantamine, by also allosterically potentiating nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Galantamin 237-248 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 0-14 15241294-4 2004 Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors, such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, cause symptomatic improvement by inhibiting the breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine to increase its synaptic availability and, in the case of galantamine, by also allosterically potentiating nicotinic cholinergic receptors. Galantamin 237-248 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 16-19 15209643-1 2004 OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of galantamine on activities of daily living (ADLs) with respect to baseline dementia severity, correlation with cognitive and global function, specific ADLs affected, and maintenance of ADL independence. Galantamin 37-48 sarcoglycan alpha Homo sapiens 80-83 15209643-7 2004 RESULTS: Galantamine resulted in more improvement in ADCS/ADL scores than placebo regardless of baseline dementia severity, with the greatest differences occurring in patients with more severe disease. Galantamin 9-20 sarcoglycan alpha Homo sapiens 58-61 15209643-9 2004 Galantamine treatment resulted in maintenance or improvement of basic and instrumental ADLs, and change from baseline to Month 5 in scores for each individual ADL item favored galantamine over placebo in three of six basic ADLs and six of 17 instrumental ADLs. Galantamin 0-11 sarcoglycan alpha Homo sapiens 87-90 15209643-10 2004 CONCLUSION: Galantamine has a favorable effect on ADL performance in patients with AD, detectable after 5 months of treatment, regardless of dementia severity. Galantamin 12-23 sarcoglycan alpha Homo sapiens 50-53 15296356-0 2004 [Galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with various actions]. Galantamin 1-12 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 17-37 15636076-9 2004 The subgroup of apoE4 homozygous patients with AD in its mild to moderate stage may be considered as responders to galanthamine. Galantamin 115-127 apolipoprotein E Homo sapiens 16-21 14769831-1 2004 Galantamine, a drug for treatment of Alzheimer"s disease, is a novel cholinergic agent with a dual mode of action that inhibits acetylcholinesterase and allosterically modulates nicotinic cholinergic receptors (nAChRs). Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 128-148 15163411-4 2004 We also show that GTP bound Ras2 associates with the GPI-GnT complex in vivo and inhibits its activity, indicating that yeast Ras uses the ER as a signaling platform from which to negatively regulate the GPI-GnT. Galantamin 57-60 Ras family GTPase RAS2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 28-32 15237749-4 2004 Indeed, several recent clinical trials of donepezil, galanthamine and rivastigmine have come to the conclusion that these cholinesterase inhibitors have overall beneficial effects in cognitive as well as global functions. Galantamin 53-65 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 122-136 14992980-3 2004 This analysis was conducted to assess the impact of galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor with nicotinic-receptor-modulating properties, on the pattern and evolution of behavioral disturbances in patients with Alzheimer"s disease and on caregiver distress related to patients" behavior. Galantamin 52-63 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 67-81 14657522-5 2004 By application of simple assays and comparison with the phenotype of embryos with genetic lesions in the ache gene, we demonstrate that only one of the AChE inhibitors (galanthamine) reproduces the phenotype of ache mutant embryos. Galantamin 169-181 acetylcholinesterase Danio rerio 152-156 14657522-5 2004 By application of simple assays and comparison with the phenotype of embryos with genetic lesions in the ache gene, we demonstrate that only one of the AChE inhibitors (galanthamine) reproduces the phenotype of ache mutant embryos. Galantamin 169-181 acetylcholinesterase Danio rerio 211-215 15222774-4 2004 Post-hoc analyses of rivastigmine and galantamine in patients with more advanced Alzheimer"s disease have supported the hypothesis that acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are likely be efficacious in this subgroup. Galantamin 38-49 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 136-156 14728055-1 2004 Two of the four licensed cholinesterase inhibitors, galantamine and donepezil, have recently featured in published work showing how they act in dementia associated with cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Galantamin 52-63 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 25-39 15544502-3 2004 Effectiveness in AChE inhibition and side-effect issues of clinical (tacrine, donepezil, galanthamine and rivastigmine) as well as of novel inhibitors is reviewed here. Galantamin 89-101 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 17-21 15544504-4 2004 In this review we will describe the development of dimeric AChE inhibitors, from the early observations of high inhibition potency by bis-quaternary inhibitors, to the structure-based design of dimers based on tacrine, huperzine A, galanthamine, and polyamines. Galantamin 232-244 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 59-63 15544507-2 2004 Thus, it is not surprising that the first therapeutic target that has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy on cognition, behaviour and functional daily activities has been the inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), i.e. tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine and galanthamine. Galantamin 258-270 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 187-207 15544507-2 2004 Thus, it is not surprising that the first therapeutic target that has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy on cognition, behaviour and functional daily activities has been the inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), i.e. tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine and galanthamine. Galantamin 258-270 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 209-213 15544507-4 2004 For instance, rivastigmine is a dual inhibitor of AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and galanthamine is a mild inhibitor of AChE and an allosteric potentiating ligand of neuronal nicotinic receptors for acetylcholine (nAChRs). Galantamin 94-106 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 130-134 15544507-5 2004 In addition, we have recently found that galanthamine has neuroprotective effects by inducing calcium signals and the induction of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Galantamin 41-53 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 157-162 14560062-7 2004 Patients with AD + CVD treated with galantamine experienced statistically and clinically significant improvement in cognition at month 6 (mean change in ADAS-cog/11 score -1.1; p < or = 0.05 vs. baseline) and maintained their cognitive function for the entire 12-month study (mean change in ADAS-cog/11 score +0.1). Galantamin 36-47 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 153-157 14560062-7 2004 Patients with AD + CVD treated with galantamine experienced statistically and clinically significant improvement in cognition at month 6 (mean change in ADAS-cog/11 score -1.1; p < or = 0.05 vs. baseline) and maintained their cognitive function for the entire 12-month study (mean change in ADAS-cog/11 score +0.1). Galantamin 36-47 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 291-295 15132713-4 2004 There is substantial evidence that the cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine, decrease acetylcholinesterase activity in a number of brain regions in patients with Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 87-98 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 39-53 15132713-4 2004 There is substantial evidence that the cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine, decrease acetylcholinesterase activity in a number of brain regions in patients with Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 87-98 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 126-146 15132713-13 2004 Certainly, as a class, the currently approved cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine and tacrine) provide important benefits in patients with Alzheimer"s disease and these drugs offer a significant advance in the management of dementia. Galantamin 84-95 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 46-60 15101572-1 2004 We present the case of a patient with Huntington"s disease and psychosis, whose motor and psychiatric symptoms improved after administration of galantamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Galantamin 144-155 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 160-180 14716700-7 2004 Significantly greater improvements in cognition were also observed for donepezil versus galantamine on the ADAS-cog at Week 12 and endpoint (p-values <0.05). Galantamin 88-99 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 107-111 14654102-1 2004 Galantamine is currently used to treat Alzheimer"s disease patients; it behaves as a mild blocker of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and has an allosteric modulating action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 101-121 14654102-1 2004 Galantamine is currently used to treat Alzheimer"s disease patients; it behaves as a mild blocker of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and has an allosteric modulating action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 123-127 14654102-6 2004 Incubation of the cells for 48 h with 300 nM galantamine doubled the density of alpha7 nicotinic receptors and tripled the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Galantamin 45-56 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 163-168 14654102-7 2004 These results strongly suggest that galantamine can prevent apoptotic cell death by inducing neuroprotection through a mechanism related to that described for nicotine, i.e. activation of nAChRs and upregulation of Bcl-2. Galantamin 36-47 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 215-220 14675494-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase inhibitors, such as galantamine, donepezil and rivastigmine are approved for symptomatic treatment of Alzheimer"s Disease (AD) in Canada. Galantamin 47-58 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 12-26 14573772-0 2003 The allosteric potentiation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by galantamine is transduced into cellular responses in neurons: Ca2+ signals and neurotransmitter release. Galantamin 68-79 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 31-64 14573772-9 2003 nAChR-mediated [3H]noradrenaline release from hippocampal slices was also potentiated by galantamine, with an additional component attributable to acetylcholinesterase inhibition and subsequent increase in acetylcholine. Galantamin 89-100 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 0-5 14521865-2 2003 Here we review our experiences with two cholinesterase inhibitors (metrifonate and galanthamine) and a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist (CI-1017) in behavioral pharmacological and brain slice experiments in aging and young rabbits. Galantamin 83-95 cholinesterase Oryctolagus cuniculus 40-54 14533126-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase inhibitors with additional nicotinic activity, such as galantamine, may be useful in PD patients with dementia (PDD) since stimulation of nicotinic receptors may prevent the down-regulation that is likely to accompany cholinesterase inhibition and facilitate dopamine release in the striatum. Galantamin 82-93 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 12-26 14533126-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase inhibitors with additional nicotinic activity, such as galantamine, may be useful in PD patients with dementia (PDD) since stimulation of nicotinic receptors may prevent the down-regulation that is likely to accompany cholinesterase inhibition and facilitate dopamine release in the striatum. Galantamin 82-93 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 245-259 12941576-4 2003 Here, we review clinical features of the available cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine) including their pharmacological properties, the evidence for switching from one agent to another, "head to head" studies, and the emerging evidence for the use of memantine in AD. Galantamin 107-118 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 51-65 12914543-1 2003 The current pharmacological treatment of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) comes down to four marketed drugs (tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine) all of which are cholinesterase inhibitors, conforming to the cholinergic hypothesis. Galantamin 138-149 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 168-182 12734391-5 2003 Among AChE inhibitors examined, donepezil and certain AChE inhibitors such as tacrine and galanthamine showed potent neuroprotective action, although physostigmine did not affect glutamate neurotoxicity. Galantamin 90-102 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 6-10 12734391-5 2003 Among AChE inhibitors examined, donepezil and certain AChE inhibitors such as tacrine and galanthamine showed potent neuroprotective action, although physostigmine did not affect glutamate neurotoxicity. Galantamin 90-102 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 54-58 14512822-5 2003 Mean ADAS-cog scores for older patients treated with galantamine 24 mg/day significantly improved versus baseline and versus placebo at month 3. Galantamin 53-64 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 5-9 14512822-8 2003 Mean ADAS-cog score in older patients taking galantamine for 12 months remained above baseline. Galantamin 45-56 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 5-9 15088511-2 2003 The approach to the treatment of Alzheimer"s dementia has been greatly modified by the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor drugs, first donepezil (Aricept) and then rivastigmine (Exelon) and galantamine (Reminyl), and the ever-increasing number of demented people forces us to be familiar with their use. Galantamin 199-206 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 87-107 12742124-1 2003 Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, recently approved for the treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer"s disease. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 18-38 12649296-1 2003 Galantamine (Reminyl), an approved treatment for Alzheimer"s disease (AD), is a potent allosteric potentiating ligand (APL) of human alpha 3 beta 4, alpha 4 beta 2, and alpha 6 beta 4 nicotinic receptors (nAChRs), and of the chicken/mouse chimeric alpha 7/5-hydroxytryptamine3 receptor, as was shown by whole-cell patch-clamp studies of human embryonic kidney-293 cells stably expressing a single nAChR subtype. Galantamin 0-11 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 205-210 12649296-2 2003 Galantamine potentiates agonist responses of the four nAChR subtypes studied in the same window of concentrations (i.e., 0.1-1 microM), which correlates with the cerebrospinal fluid concentration of the drug at the recommended daily dosage of 16 to 24 mg. At concentrations >10 microM, galantamine acts as an nAChR inhibitor. Galantamin 0-11 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 54-59 12649296-2 2003 Galantamine potentiates agonist responses of the four nAChR subtypes studied in the same window of concentrations (i.e., 0.1-1 microM), which correlates with the cerebrospinal fluid concentration of the drug at the recommended daily dosage of 16 to 24 mg. At concentrations >10 microM, galantamine acts as an nAChR inhibitor. Galantamin 0-11 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 312-317 12649296-5 2003 These studies support our previous proposal that the therapeutic action of galantamine is mainly produced by its sensitizing action on nAChRs rather than by general cholinergic enhancement due to cholinesterase inhibition. Galantamin 75-86 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 196-210 12751272-12 2003 CYP 450 2D6 genotype also influenced galantamine clearance but not to the extent that dose adjustment is required. Galantamin 37-48 peptidylprolyl isomerase G Homo sapiens 0-3 24944370-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors currently used in the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) are the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-selective inhibitors, donepezil and galantamine, and the dual AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitor, rivastigmine. Galantamin 176-187 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 12-26 24944370-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors currently used in the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) are the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-selective inhibitors, donepezil and galantamine, and the dual AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitor, rivastigmine. Galantamin 176-187 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 28-31 24944370-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors currently used in the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) are the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-selective inhibitors, donepezil and galantamine, and the dual AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitor, rivastigmine. Galantamin 176-187 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 134-138 24944370-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors currently used in the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) are the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-selective inhibitors, donepezil and galantamine, and the dual AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitor, rivastigmine. Galantamin 176-187 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 202-206 24944370-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors currently used in the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) are the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-selective inhibitors, donepezil and galantamine, and the dual AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitor, rivastigmine. Galantamin 176-187 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 211-232 24944370-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors currently used in the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease (AD) are the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-selective inhibitors, donepezil and galantamine, and the dual AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitor, rivastigmine. Galantamin 176-187 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 234-239 12673604-4 2003 RESULTS: Patients in groups treated with galantamine 16 mg/day and 24 mg/day achieved statistically significant improvements in ADAS-cog/11 scores in comparison with those who received placebo (naive: p = 0.003 and 0.005, respectively; prior exposure: p < 0.001 and 0.001, respectively). Galantamin 41-52 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 128-132 12635450-3 2003 Galantamine acts both as a reversible competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and as an allosteric modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 63-83 12635450-3 2003 Galantamine acts both as a reversible competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and as an allosteric modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 85-89 12635450-11 2003 Galantamine provides the clinician with another choice of an AChE inhibitor for use in treating AD. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 61-65 12493597-1 2003 Galantamine is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor in Alzheimer"s disease therapy. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 18-38 14535624-3 2003 The most selective AChE inhibitors, in decreasing sequence, were in order: TAK-147, donepezil and galantamine. Galantamin 98-109 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 19-23 14535624-6 2003 Among these inhibitors, tacrine, bis-tacrine, TAK-147, metrifonate and galantamine inhibited both the G1 and G4 AChE forms equally well. Galantamin 71-82 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 112-116 12918214-0 2003 Pharmacokinetics of galantamine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, in several animal species. Galantamin 20-31 butyrylcholinesterase Rattus norvegicus 35-49 12918214-1 2003 In this publication, single and repeated dose experiments in rats, mice, rabbits and dogs are reported to assess the pharmacokinetics of galantamine (CAS-1953-04-4), a tertiary alkaloid with reversible cholinesterase inhibiting and nicotinic receptor modulatory properties developed for the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease in humans. Galantamin 137-148 butyrylcholinesterase Canis lupus familiaris 202-216 12522088-4 2003 Inhibition of both AChE and BChE with galanthamine (80 micro M), neostigmine (3-10 micro M), O-ethylS-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl-methylphosphono-thioate (MTP) or phospholine decreased evoked transmitter release (20-50%). Galantamin 38-50 acetylcholinesterase Mus musculus 19-23 12522088-4 2003 Inhibition of both AChE and BChE with galanthamine (80 micro M), neostigmine (3-10 micro M), O-ethylS-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl-methylphosphono-thioate (MTP) or phospholine decreased evoked transmitter release (20-50%). Galantamin 38-50 butyrylcholinesterase Mus musculus 28-32 12962529-9 2003 RESULTS: Patients with probable vascular dementia treated with galantamine for 6 or 12 months showed significant improvements in ADAS-cog/11 scores versus baseline, which were maintained at the end of the 12-month study. Galantamin 63-74 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 129-133 14533945-5 2003 The four cholinesterase inhibitors (tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine) that are currently available have different pharmacological properties that expose patients to the risk of several types of drug interactions of nonequivalent clinical relevance. Galantamin 73-84 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 9-23 14674789-7 2003 Galantamine works by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and by allosterically modulating nicotinic receptors. Galantamin 0-11 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 32-52 12814128-5 2003 Allosteric modulators of NRs, such as the cholinesterase inhibitor galantamine, that facilitate the action of acetylcholine on these receptors may provide therapeutic benefits in the areas of cognition, attention and antineurodegenerative activity. Galantamin 67-78 butyrylcholinesterase Homo sapiens 42-56 14594523-3 2003 All patients were treated with galantamine that may enhance cholinergic function in the brain by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase and potentiating the effects of acetylcholine at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Galantamin 31-42 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 108-128 12566596-8 2003 Cognitive abilities (assessed using the ADAS-cog scale) of "advanced moderate" AD patients receiving galantamine for 12 months were maintained at baseline levels after 12 months, and significantly improved over those of placebo patients (p < 0.001). Galantamin 101-112 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 40-44 12566596-9 2003 Of the "advanced moderate" patients receiving galantamine, 51% with baseline ADAS-cog of >30 maintained or improved their ADAS-cog scores over baseline values, compared with 13% receiving placebo (p < 0.001). Galantamin 46-57 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 77-81 12566596-9 2003 Of the "advanced moderate" patients receiving galantamine, 51% with baseline ADAS-cog of >30 maintained or improved their ADAS-cog scores over baseline values, compared with 13% receiving placebo (p < 0.001). Galantamin 46-57 alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Homo sapiens 122-126 12566596-10 2003 In the subgroup of "advanced moderate" patients with baseline MMSE