PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
10383559-8	1999	CONCLUSIONS: A time-dependent increase in the clearance of methadone is consistent with auto-induction of CYP3A4, the enzyme responsible for much of the metabolism of the drug.	Methadone	59-68	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	106-112
10233205-11	1999	CONCLUSIONS: The N-demethylation of methadone in human liver microsomes is not markedly stereoselective, and is mediated mainly by CYP3A4 with the possible involvement of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19.	Methadone	36-45	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	131-137
10233205-11	1999	CONCLUSIONS: The N-demethylation of methadone in human liver microsomes is not markedly stereoselective, and is mediated mainly by CYP3A4 with the possible involvement of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19.	Methadone	36-45	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	171-177
10233205-11	1999	CONCLUSIONS: The N-demethylation of methadone in human liver microsomes is not markedly stereoselective, and is mediated mainly by CYP3A4 with the possible involvement of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19.	Methadone	36-45	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	182-189
10355747-0	1999	Effects of bombesin on methadone-induced apoptosis of human lung cancer cells.	Methadone	23-32	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	11-19
10355747-3	1999	Exposure of "variant" small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-SCLC cells, which secrete low concentrations (< 0.01 pmol/mg protein) of bombesin, to nanomolar concentrations of methadone resulted in increased levels of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatases and inactivation of MAP kinase, suppression of the bcl-2 protein, and induction of apoptosis.	Methadone	180-189	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	139-147
10355747-3	1999	Exposure of "variant" small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-SCLC cells, which secrete low concentrations (< 0.01 pmol/mg protein) of bombesin, to nanomolar concentrations of methadone resulted in increased levels of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatases and inactivation of MAP kinase, suppression of the bcl-2 protein, and induction of apoptosis.	Methadone	180-189	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	325-330
10355747-4	1999	These effects of methadone were reversed by the addition of bombesin to the culture medium, at concentrations of < 1 microM, and "classic" SCLC cells, which secrete high concentrations of bioactive bombesin (> 6 pmol/mg protein), were found not to respond to methadone.	Methadone	17-26	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	60-68
10355747-4	1999	These effects of methadone were reversed by the addition of bombesin to the culture medium, at concentrations of < 1 microM, and "classic" SCLC cells, which secrete high concentrations of bioactive bombesin (> 6 pmol/mg protein), were found not to respond to methadone.	Methadone	17-26	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	201-209
10355747-4	1999	These effects of methadone were reversed by the addition of bombesin to the culture medium, at concentrations of < 1 microM, and "classic" SCLC cells, which secrete high concentrations of bioactive bombesin (> 6 pmol/mg protein), were found not to respond to methadone.	Methadone	265-274	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	60-68
10355747-4	1999	These effects of methadone were reversed by the addition of bombesin to the culture medium, at concentrations of < 1 microM, and "classic" SCLC cells, which secrete high concentrations of bioactive bombesin (> 6 pmol/mg protein), were found not to respond to methadone.	Methadone	265-274	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	201-209
10355747-5	1999	Thus, methadone"s effectiveness is dependent upon the concentration of bioactive bombesin secreted by lung cancer cells.	Methadone	6-15	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	81-89
20575771-3	1999	The present study compares the frequency of the A1 allele of the DRD2 gene among 37 patients presenting to a hepatitis clinic for treatment of hepatitis C, 23 hepatitis C-negative drug-abusing patients maintained on methadone and 33 non-drug-abusing controls.	Methadone	216-225	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	65-69
10456292-5	1999	The transport of methadone was increased in presence of P-gp inhibitors verapamil and quinidine.	Methadone	17-26	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
9812178-17	1998	For example, the AUC of CYP3A substrate methadone was slightly decreased and alprazolam was unaffected.	Methadone	40-49	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	24-29
9660989-3	1998	Published clinical studies have shown that atovaquone, fluconazole, methadone, and valproic acid decreased GAZT formation, presumably due to UGT inhibition.	Methadone	68-77	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A complex locus	Homo sapiens	141-144
9489748-1	1998	The effects of opiate drugs (heroin, morphine, and methadone) on the levels of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) were studied in rat and human brain frontal cortices.	Methadone	51-60	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	79-114
9489748-1	1998	The effects of opiate drugs (heroin, morphine, and methadone) on the levels of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) were studied in rat and human brain frontal cortices.	Methadone	51-60	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	116-120
9489748-5	1998	Acute treatments with morphine and methadone induced dose- and time-dependent increases (8-22%) in total GRK2 concentrations [higher increases were observed for the membrane-associated enzyme (46%)].	Methadone	35-44	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
9489748-6	1998	Spontaneous and naloxone-precipitated withdrawal after chronic morphine or methadone induced a marked up-regulation in the levels of total GRK2 in the rat frontal cortex (18-25%).	Methadone	75-84	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	139-143
9565774-1	1998	Methadone and buprenorphine, widely used in the treatment of opioid abuse, are metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4, while fluoxetine and fluvoxamine, both selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are known to be P450 2D6 and 3A4 inhibitors in vitro.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	94-113
9394023-0	1997	The involvement of cytochrome P450 3A4 in the N-demethylation of L-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM), norLAAM, and methadone.	Methadone	109-118	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	19-38
9189892-2	1997	This study was designed to evaluate the abundance of immunoreactive NF-L (68 kDa) proteins in post-mortem brains of chronic opiate addicts who had died of a heroin or methadone overdose.	Methadone	167-176	neurofilament light chain	Homo sapiens	68-72
10950475-3	1997	This suggests that cytochrome P450IID6 (CYP2D6), an enzyme that is strongly inhibited by FLX, preferentially metabolizes (R)-MTD, whereas CYP1A2, which is strongly inhibited by FLV, metabolizes both enantiomers.	Methadone	121-128	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	40-46
10950475-3	1997	This suggests that cytochrome P450IID6 (CYP2D6), an enzyme that is strongly inhibited by FLX, preferentially metabolizes (R)-MTD, whereas CYP1A2, which is strongly inhibited by FLV, metabolizes both enantiomers.	Methadone	121-128	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	138-144
9020195-0	1997	Interaction of methadone with substrates of human hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4.	Methadone	15-24	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	58-77
9020195-5	1997	Conversely, nifedipine oxidation, mediated by cytochrome P450 3A4, was potently inhibited by methadone by a mixed-type inhibition mechanism with a Ki of 100 microM.	Methadone	93-102	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	46-65
9029753-0	1997	Ultrafiltration using the Amicon MPS-1 for assessing methadone plasma protein binding.	Methadone	53-62	macrophage expressed 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
9029753-10	1997	The Amicon MPS-1 ultrafiltration device appears to be a reliable and relatively easy system to use for separating protein-free from protein-bound methadone, though further study is required to clarify the clinical applications of free methadone levels.	Methadone	146-155	macrophage expressed 1	Homo sapiens	11-16
9143866-7	1997	Methadone and dextropropoxyphene showed a preferential inhibition of CYP2D6 over CYP3A, while theophylline did not inhibit the O- or N-demethylation to a greater extent.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	69-75
9143866-7	1997	Methadone and dextropropoxyphene showed a preferential inhibition of CYP2D6 over CYP3A, while theophylline did not inhibit the O- or N-demethylation to a greater extent.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	81-86
8951131-5	1996	RESULTS: Significantly more NSTs were nonreactive after methadone (P < .001), and it took more time for the NST to become reactive (P < .01).	Methadone	56-65	sulfotransferase family 4A member 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
8961166-4	1996	The opioids which inhibited horse serum BuChE were in order of potency: meptazinol, methadone, profadol, levallorphan and 1,2,3-trimethyl-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-piperidine.	Methadone	84-93	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	40-45
8704540-8	1996	More than one third of all methadone prescriptions were for weekly or fortnightly pick up, with a further third being for daily pick up.	Methadone	27-36	protein interacting with PRKCA 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
8737054-8	1996	A significant correlation between AAG levels and percentage of methadone bound was observed.	Methadone	63-72	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
8867019-4	1996	Slice perfusion with 0.5 microM DAMGO, or 100 microM methadone produced an increase in the amplitude of the primary dentate and CA1 PS and the appearance of secondary PSs.	Methadone	53-62	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
9445761-9	1996	Kaplan-Meier estimates indicated that patients with methadone had better survival (p=0.0002) after 200 CD4 cells and in matched pairs with a mean CD4 count of 520 +/- 315/microl at baseline CD4 slopes did no differ significantly.	Methadone	52-61	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	103-106
15251556-7	1996	CONCLUSION: These findings could indicate the presence of (1) a direct effect of methadone on the hypothalamus that leads to an alteration in normal gonadotropin pulse patterns, or (2) a selective effect of methadone on the anterior pituitary that alters its response to GnRH, with either mechanism leading to a reversible, dose-related depression of testosterone levels.	Methadone	81-90	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	271-275
7590118-14	1995	methadone may occur in circumstances in which there is an increase in alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, but that this is not likely to be observed when the absorption is not instantaneous.	Methadone	0-9	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-95
7713351-11	1995	Production of IL-2 was suppressed by 0.1-100 microM of heroin, whereas exposure to methadone appeared to result in a generalized modulation, with suppression of IL-2 at most concentrations.	Methadone	83-92	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	161-165
7823756-0	1995	The mu1, mu2, delta, kappa opioid receptor binding profiles of methadone stereoisomers and morphine.	Methadone	63-72	glutathione S-transferase mu 1	Homo sapiens	4-42
7823756-1	1995	The binding affinities of racemic methadone and its optical isomers R-methadone and S-methadone were evaluated for the opioid receptors mu1, mu2, delta and kappa, in comparison with that of morphine.	Methadone	34-43	adaptor related protein complex 1 subunit mu 2	Homo sapiens	126-161
7823756-1	1995	The binding affinities of racemic methadone and its optical isomers R-methadone and S-methadone were evaluated for the opioid receptors mu1, mu2, delta and kappa, in comparison with that of morphine.	Methadone	68-79	adaptor related protein complex 1 subunit mu 2	Homo sapiens	126-161
7823756-1	1995	The binding affinities of racemic methadone and its optical isomers R-methadone and S-methadone were evaluated for the opioid receptors mu1, mu2, delta and kappa, in comparison with that of morphine.	Methadone	84-95	adaptor related protein complex 1 subunit mu 2	Homo sapiens	126-161
7823756-2	1995	The analgesic R-methadone had a 10-fold higher affinity for mu1 receptors than S-methadone (IC50 3.0 nM and 26.4 nM, respectively).	Methadone	14-25	glutathione S-transferase mu 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
7823756-4	1995	As expected, R-methadone had twice the affinity for mu1 and mu2 receptors than the racemate.	Methadone	13-24	glutathione S-transferase mu 1	Homo sapiens	52-73
7803562-5	1994	Inter-assay relative standard deviation (RSD) at concentrations of 5.1, 76.0 and 247 ng ml-1 methadone are 5.5, 2.5 and 3.6% respectively (n = 10) and intra-assay RSD at concentrations 2.3, 25.2 and 217 ng ml-1 are 5.3, 3.6 and 6.8% (n = 5).	Methadone	93-102	interleukin 17F	Homo sapiens	88-92
7803562-7	1994	Extraction of control drug free hair samples spiked with methadone at concentrations of 100, 250 and 400 ng ml-1 achieved recoveries of 86, 80 and 89%, respectively.	Methadone	57-66	interleukin 17F	Homo sapiens	108-112
7977217-9	1994	Our data indicate that methadone treatment, while not significantly affecting absolute CD4 lymphocyte count, is associated with a lower CD4 percentage and CD4/CD8 cell ratio, and with a higher CD8 absolute count and percentage.	Methadone	23-32	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	136-139
7977217-9	1994	Our data indicate that methadone treatment, while not significantly affecting absolute CD4 lymphocyte count, is associated with a lower CD4 percentage and CD4/CD8 cell ratio, and with a higher CD8 absolute count and percentage.	Methadone	23-32	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	136-139
7977217-9	1994	Our data indicate that methadone treatment, while not significantly affecting absolute CD4 lymphocyte count, is associated with a lower CD4 percentage and CD4/CD8 cell ratio, and with a higher CD8 absolute count and percentage.	Methadone	23-32	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	159-162
7977217-9	1994	Our data indicate that methadone treatment, while not significantly affecting absolute CD4 lymphocyte count, is associated with a lower CD4 percentage and CD4/CD8 cell ratio, and with a higher CD8 absolute count and percentage.	Methadone	23-32	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	193-196
8117328-5	1994	Further analysis indicates mixed non-competitive type inhibition by methadone with inhibition constants (Kis and Kii, respectively) of 0.03 +/- 0.01 (SE) and 0.57 +/- 0.12 microM.	Methadone	68-77	U2AF homology motif kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
8097875-8	1993	Methadone reduced the response to neurotensin by 85%, vagotomy by 80%, and capsaicin pretreatment by 70%.	Methadone	0-9	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	34-45
8395641-4	1993	In vitro release of acetylcholine and hCG from trophoblast tissue of methadone-exposed placentas was not modulated by opioids.	Methadone	69-78	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	38-41
8448065-0	1993	Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) by methadone.	Methadone	52-61	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	20-39
8448065-0	1993	Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) by methadone.	Methadone	52-61	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	41-47
8448065-2	1993	In microsomes prepared from three human livers, methadone competitively inhibited the O-demethylation of dextromethorphan, a marker substrate for CYP2D6.	Methadone	48-57	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	146-152
8448065-7	1993	These data suggest inhibition of CYP2D6 by methadone in vivo as well.	Methadone	43-52	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	33-39
8448065-9	1993	Because methadone is widely used in the treatment of opiate abuse, inhibition of CYP2D6 activity in these patients might contribute to exaggerated response or unexpected toxicity from drugs that are substrates of this enzyme.	Methadone	8-17	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	81-87
1445968-0	1992	Beta endorphin levels during heroin, methadone, buprenorphine, and naloxone challenges: preliminary findings.	Methadone	37-46	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	0-14
1445968-2	1992	Levels of BE are elevated by opioid antagonists such as naloxone and depressed by short-acting agonists such as heroin and morphine; they become normalized during steady-state methadone.	Methadone	176-185	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	10-12
1445968-7	1992	Levels of BE did not significantly change between the first 2 weeks ("early") and "later," although BE levels on methadone significantly correlated with BE levels on BUP in the "early" but not the "later" phase.	Methadone	113-122	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	100-102
1445968-7	1992	Levels of BE did not significantly change between the first 2 weeks ("early") and "later," although BE levels on methadone significantly correlated with BE levels on BUP in the "early" but not the "later" phase.	Methadone	113-122	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	100-102
1382137-2	1992	In this study, we examined the effects of dependence on and withdrawal from morphine and methadone on brain SP and CGRP content.	Methadone	89-98	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
1386143-6	1992	Also, the effect of opiate drugs, methadone (Md) and morphine (Mor), on TGF beta 1 gene expression was determined.	Methadone	34-43	transforming growth factor beta 1	Sus scrofa	72-82
1346939-9	1992	Clinical studies show that chronic use of methadone allows normalization of release and peripheral levels of one of the classes of endogenous opioids, beta-endorphin, and the related peptides derived from POMC released and processed from the anterior pituitary in humans.	Methadone	42-51	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	151-165
1346939-9	1992	Clinical studies show that chronic use of methadone allows normalization of release and peripheral levels of one of the classes of endogenous opioids, beta-endorphin, and the related peptides derived from POMC released and processed from the anterior pituitary in humans.	Methadone	42-51	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	205-209
1346939-11	1992	Available data from studies of beta-endorphin indicate that there is a [table; see text] normalization, rather than disruption, of the endogenous opioid system in general during steady state administration of methadone, as contrasted with intermittent dosing and then abrupt withdrawal of short-acting opiates such as heroin.	Methadone	209-218	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	31-45
1665778-9	1991	Methadone pretreatments may provide a convenient mechanism for the production and examination of long-term mu-opiate receptor physical dependence.	Methadone	0-9	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	107-125
1837872-1	1991	The effect of Levomethadon on the amount of the lymphocyte subpopulation (CD4/CD8) was studied during 18 months in 18 HIV-infected heroin addicted patients.	Methadone	14-26	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	74-77
1837872-1	1991	The effect of Levomethadon on the amount of the lymphocyte subpopulation (CD4/CD8) was studied during 18 months in 18 HIV-infected heroin addicted patients.	Methadone	14-26	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	78-81
2032707-3	1991	SETTING: A methadone clinic in Tel Aviv, Israel.	Methadone	11-20	ETS variant transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens	31-34
1662715-3	1991	All addictive drugs mimic (or occasionally block) the actions of some neurotransmitter; in the case of heroin or methadone an endogenous opioid, probably beta-endorphin.	Methadone	113-122	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	154-168
1671730-7	1991	RESULTS: Significant differences were seen in lymphocyte phenotype in the methadone-treated group, with elevations in the T-cell helper subset CD4+CD26+; in CD8 and CD8+I2+ cells, suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and activated suppressor/cytotoxic T cells; and in CD2+CD26+ cells and activated total T lymphocytes.	Methadone	74-83	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	143-146
1671730-7	1991	RESULTS: Significant differences were seen in lymphocyte phenotype in the methadone-treated group, with elevations in the T-cell helper subset CD4+CD26+; in CD8 and CD8+I2+ cells, suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and activated suppressor/cytotoxic T cells; and in CD2+CD26+ cells and activated total T lymphocytes.	Methadone	74-83	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	157-160
1671730-7	1991	RESULTS: Significant differences were seen in lymphocyte phenotype in the methadone-treated group, with elevations in the T-cell helper subset CD4+CD26+; in CD8 and CD8+I2+ cells, suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and activated suppressor/cytotoxic T cells; and in CD2+CD26+ cells and activated total T lymphocytes.	Methadone	74-83	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	165-168
1671730-7	1991	RESULTS: Significant differences were seen in lymphocyte phenotype in the methadone-treated group, with elevations in the T-cell helper subset CD4+CD26+; in CD8 and CD8+I2+ cells, suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and activated suppressor/cytotoxic T cells; and in CD2+CD26+ cells and activated total T lymphocytes.	Methadone	74-83	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	147-150
1960765-1	1991	STAR, a methadone clinic in Portland, Oregon employs a psychoeducational approach in an attempt to provide coherent, comprehensive treatment in meeting diverse client needs.	Methadone	8-17	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	0-4
2087326-12	1990	Clinical evidence for rostral spread of methadone within the CSF, as indicated by facial itching and excessive drowsiness, was less apparent with 5 mg than with 10 and 20 mg.	Methadone	40-49	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	61-64
2311335-6	1990	When concentrations of AAG variants were considered, a significant correlation was obtained between the binding ratio of dl-methadone and orosomucoid2 A concentration (r = 0.715; p less than 0.001), a weak correlation between dl-methadone and orosomucoid1 S concentration (r = 0.494; p less than 0.001), and no correlation between dl-methadone and orosomucoid1 F1 concentration (r = 0.049; not significant).	Methadone	121-133	orosomucoid 2	Homo sapiens	138-150
2311335-6	1990	When concentrations of AAG variants were considered, a significant correlation was obtained between the binding ratio of dl-methadone and orosomucoid2 A concentration (r = 0.715; p less than 0.001), a weak correlation between dl-methadone and orosomucoid1 S concentration (r = 0.494; p less than 0.001), and no correlation between dl-methadone and orosomucoid1 F1 concentration (r = 0.049; not significant).	Methadone	121-133	orosomucoid 1	Homo sapiens	243-255
2311335-6	1990	When concentrations of AAG variants were considered, a significant correlation was obtained between the binding ratio of dl-methadone and orosomucoid2 A concentration (r = 0.715; p less than 0.001), a weak correlation between dl-methadone and orosomucoid1 S concentration (r = 0.494; p less than 0.001), and no correlation between dl-methadone and orosomucoid1 F1 concentration (r = 0.049; not significant).	Methadone	121-133	orosomucoid 1	Homo sapiens	348-360
33821671-13	2021	Conclusions Methadone exposure/toxicity is a newly identified cause of elevated hs-cTnI.	Methadone	12-21	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	83-87
34304950-3	2022	METHODOLOGY: We completed a pre-post study of adults receiving methadone for OUD from an OTP in Spokane, Washington.	Methadone	63-72	orthopedia homeobox	Homo sapiens	89-92
34961554-2	2021	The "72-hour rule" allows non-OTP providers to administer methadone for emergency opioid withdrawal management while arranging ongoing care.	Methadone	58-67	orthopedia homeobox	Homo sapiens	30-33
34910759-0	2021	Implications of OPRM1 and CYP2B6 variants on treatment outcomes in methadone-maintained patients in Ontario: Exploring sex differences.	Methadone	67-76	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	16-21
34910759-0	2021	Implications of OPRM1 and CYP2B6 variants on treatment outcomes in methadone-maintained patients in Ontario: Exploring sex differences.	Methadone	67-76	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	26-32
34910759-1	2021	Genetic variants in the OPRM1 and CYP2B6 genes, respectively coding for an opioid receptor and methadone metabolizers, have been linked to negative treatment outcomes in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment, with little consensus on their effect.	Methadone	95-104	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
34910759-1	2021	Genetic variants in the OPRM1 and CYP2B6 genes, respectively coding for an opioid receptor and methadone metabolizers, have been linked to negative treatment outcomes in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment, with little consensus on their effect.	Methadone	95-104	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	34-40
34910759-1	2021	Genetic variants in the OPRM1 and CYP2B6 genes, respectively coding for an opioid receptor and methadone metabolizers, have been linked to negative treatment outcomes in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment, with little consensus on their effect.	Methadone	190-199	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
34910759-1	2021	Genetic variants in the OPRM1 and CYP2B6 genes, respectively coding for an opioid receptor and methadone metabolizers, have been linked to negative treatment outcomes in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment, with little consensus on their effect.	Methadone	190-199	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	34-40
34910759-2	2021	This study aims to test the associations between pre-selected SNPs of OPRM1 and CYP2B6 and outcomes of continued opioid use, relapse, and methadone dose.	Methadone	138-147	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
34910759-2	2021	This study aims to test the associations between pre-selected SNPs of OPRM1 and CYP2B6 and outcomes of continued opioid use, relapse, and methadone dose.	Methadone	138-147	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	80-86
34476566-4	2021	In the present study, we detected the DNA methylation in the promoter regions of five representative dopaminergic system genes (DRD1, DRD2, SLC6A3, TH, and COMT) between 120 patients with heroin use disorder in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program and 111 healthy controls.	Methadone	211-220	dopamine receptor D1	Homo sapiens	128-132
34476566-4	2021	In the present study, we detected the DNA methylation in the promoter regions of five representative dopaminergic system genes (DRD1, DRD2, SLC6A3, TH, and COMT) between 120 patients with heroin use disorder in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program and 111 healthy controls.	Methadone	211-220	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	134-138
34476566-4	2021	In the present study, we detected the DNA methylation in the promoter regions of five representative dopaminergic system genes (DRD1, DRD2, SLC6A3, TH, and COMT) between 120 patients with heroin use disorder in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program and 111 healthy controls.	Methadone	211-220	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	140-146
34476566-4	2021	In the present study, we detected the DNA methylation in the promoter regions of five representative dopaminergic system genes (DRD1, DRD2, SLC6A3, TH, and COMT) between 120 patients with heroin use disorder in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program and 111 healthy controls.	Methadone	211-220	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	156-160
34838141-14	2021	Variants corresponding to CNIH3 were reported to be associated with daily heroin injection in Europeans, OPRM1, TRIB2, and ZNF146 with methadone dose in African Americans, EYS with methadone dose in Europeans, and SPON1 and intergenic regions in chromosomes 9 and 3 with plasma concentrations of S-methadone, R-methadone, and R-EDDP, respectively, in Han Chinese.	Methadone	135-144	zinc finger protein 146	Homo sapiens	123-129
34838141-14	2021	Variants corresponding to CNIH3 were reported to be associated with daily heroin injection in Europeans, OPRM1, TRIB2, and ZNF146 with methadone dose in African Americans, EYS with methadone dose in Europeans, and SPON1 and intergenic regions in chromosomes 9 and 3 with plasma concentrations of S-methadone, R-methadone, and R-EDDP, respectively, in Han Chinese.	Methadone	296-307	cornichon family AMPA receptor auxiliary protein 3	Homo sapiens	26-31
34813036-3	2021	This retrospective cohort study evaluate the suicide profile of 4,347 opioid dependent participants in ASSMCA"s methadone center in San Juan, PR, from 2015 to 2018 using questions related to suicidal ideation and attempts included in the admission questionnaire.	Methadone	112-121	transmembrane protein 37	Homo sapiens	142-144
34837681-8	2021	Results: Results of the present study showed that daily administration of methadone increased the number of pyknotic neurons in the CA1 hippocampus and altered the expression of Bax, Bdnf, Arc and Bcl-2.	Methadone	74-83	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	197-202
34435753-11	2021	The intronic CYP3A4 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2246709 was associated with decreased clearance of R and S methadone.	Methadone	118-127	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	13-19
34482033-12	2021	The CYP 2B6*4 variant decreased S-methadone CL/F by 18%.	Methadone	32-43	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	4-11
34153316-2	2021	We herein report in vitro and in vivo characterization of two small molecules from a chemical series of MOR PAMs that exhibit: (i) MOR PAM activity and receptor subtype selectivity in vitro, (ii) a differential potentiation of the antinociceptive effect of oxycodone, morphine, and methadone in mouse models of pain that roughly correlates with in vitro activity, and (iii) a lack of potentiation of adverse effects associated with opioid administration, such as somatic withdrawal, respiratory depression, and analgesic tolerance.	Methadone	282-291	opioid receptor, mu 1	Mus musculus	104-107
34160285-0	2021	Association study of genetic polymorphisms in GABRD with treatment response and dose in methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	88-97	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens	46-51
34160285-1	2021	Aim: This study determined if gene variants in the GABA receptor delta subunit (GABRD) are associated with treatment response and dose in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for heroin addiction.	Methadone	138-147	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens	51-78
34160285-1	2021	Aim: This study determined if gene variants in the GABA receptor delta subunit (GABRD) are associated with treatment response and dose in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for heroin addiction.	Methadone	138-147	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens	80-85
34160285-7	2021	Conclusion: The results indicated that GABRD variants may play a small role in modulating methadone treatment response.	Methadone	90-99	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit delta	Homo sapiens	39-44
34434167-0	2021	Add-On Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators for Methadone Maintenance Treatment.	Methadone	50-59	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	17-34
34311765-10	2021	Officers endorsing SSPs were younger (adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) = 0.96 95% CI 0.93, 0.98), less likely to be assigned to high drug use districts (APR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.29, 0.87), more likely to believe that methadone programs reduce crime (APR = 2.43, 95% CI 1.30, 4.55), and less likely to believe that SSPs increase risk of needlestick injury for police (APR = 0.44, 0.27, 0.71).	Methadone	212-221	Wnt family member 10A	Homo sapiens	19-23
34100292-6	2021	Results: CYP2B6 poor metabolizers (*6/*6) had >twofold lower methadone metabolism compared with normal/rapid metabolizers.	Methadone	61-70	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	9-15
34100292-10	2021	Conclusion: We have described novel associations between CYP2B6 genetic variants and perioperative methadone metabolism, and associations with pain scores and PONV.	Methadone	99-108	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	57-63
33953123-0	2021	The OPRD1 rs678849 variant influences outcome of disulfiram treatment for cocaine dependency in methadone-maintained patients.	Methadone	96-105	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
33953123-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: Prior research demonstrated that the delta-opioid receptor (OPRD1) rs678849 variant influences opioid use in African Americans treated with methadone.	Methadone	151-160	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
34951394-0	2021	Effect of Methadone Maintenance on Expression of BDNF and CREB Genes in Brain VTA of Male Morphine Treated Rats.	Methadone	10-19	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
34951394-0	2021	Effect of Methadone Maintenance on Expression of BDNF and CREB Genes in Brain VTA of Male Morphine Treated Rats.	Methadone	10-19	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
34951394-4	2021	Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of methadone maintenance on the expression of BDNF and CREB genes in brain VTA of male morphine treated rats.	Methadone	61-70	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
34951394-4	2021	Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of methadone maintenance on the expression of BDNF and CREB genes in brain VTA of male morphine treated rats.	Methadone	61-70	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
34951394-8	2021	Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of methadone maintenance on the expression of BDNF and CREB genes in brain VTA of male morphine treated rats Results: According to the findings of this study, similar to morphine treated group, methadone maintenance in morphine treated animals led to significant reduction in the expression of BDNF and CREB genes at VTA as well as BDNF serum level compared with control group.	Methadone	61-70	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
34951394-8	2021	Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of methadone maintenance on the expression of BDNF and CREB genes in brain VTA of male morphine treated rats Results: According to the findings of this study, similar to morphine treated group, methadone maintenance in morphine treated animals led to significant reduction in the expression of BDNF and CREB genes at VTA as well as BDNF serum level compared with control group.	Methadone	61-70	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
34951394-8	2021	Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of methadone maintenance on the expression of BDNF and CREB genes in brain VTA of male morphine treated rats Results: According to the findings of this study, similar to morphine treated group, methadone maintenance in morphine treated animals led to significant reduction in the expression of BDNF and CREB genes at VTA as well as BDNF serum level compared with control group.	Methadone	61-70	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	352-356
34951394-8	2021	Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of methadone maintenance on the expression of BDNF and CREB genes in brain VTA of male morphine treated rats Results: According to the findings of this study, similar to morphine treated group, methadone maintenance in morphine treated animals led to significant reduction in the expression of BDNF and CREB genes at VTA as well as BDNF serum level compared with control group.	Methadone	252-261	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
34951394-8	2021	Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of methadone maintenance on the expression of BDNF and CREB genes in brain VTA of male morphine treated rats Results: According to the findings of this study, similar to morphine treated group, methadone maintenance in morphine treated animals led to significant reduction in the expression of BDNF and CREB genes at VTA as well as BDNF serum level compared with control group.	Methadone	252-261	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
34951394-8	2021	Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of methadone maintenance on the expression of BDNF and CREB genes in brain VTA of male morphine treated rats Results: According to the findings of this study, similar to morphine treated group, methadone maintenance in morphine treated animals led to significant reduction in the expression of BDNF and CREB genes at VTA as well as BDNF serum level compared with control group.	Methadone	252-261	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	352-356
34951394-8	2021	Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of methadone maintenance on the expression of BDNF and CREB genes in brain VTA of male morphine treated rats Results: According to the findings of this study, similar to morphine treated group, methadone maintenance in morphine treated animals led to significant reduction in the expression of BDNF and CREB genes at VTA as well as BDNF serum level compared with control group.	Methadone	252-261	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	361-365
34951394-8	2021	Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the effect of methadone maintenance on the expression of BDNF and CREB genes in brain VTA of male morphine treated rats Results: According to the findings of this study, similar to morphine treated group, methadone maintenance in morphine treated animals led to significant reduction in the expression of BDNF and CREB genes at VTA as well as BDNF serum level compared with control group.	Methadone	252-261	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	390-394
34951394-9	2021	CONCLUSION: It was concluded that methadone, like morphine, causes significant reduction in the expression of BDNF and CREB genes in brain VTA area of rat as well as BDNF serum level compared with control group.	Methadone	34-43	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
34951394-9	2021	CONCLUSION: It was concluded that methadone, like morphine, causes significant reduction in the expression of BDNF and CREB genes in brain VTA area of rat as well as BDNF serum level compared with control group.	Methadone	34-43	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
34951394-9	2021	CONCLUSION: It was concluded that methadone, like morphine, causes significant reduction in the expression of BDNF and CREB genes in brain VTA area of rat as well as BDNF serum level compared with control group.	Methadone	34-43	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	166-170
35607834-2	2022	Underutilized regulations allow non-OTP providers to administer methadone for opioid withdrawal for up to 72 h while arranging ongoing care.	Methadone	64-73	orthopedia homeobox	Homo sapiens	36-39
35607834-10	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Methadone administration for opioid withdrawal with direct OTP admission under the "72-hour rule" is feasible in an outpatient bridge clinic and resulted in high OTP linkage and 1-month retention rates.	Methadone	13-22	orthopedia homeobox	Homo sapiens	72-75
35607834-10	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Methadone administration for opioid withdrawal with direct OTP admission under the "72-hour rule" is feasible in an outpatient bridge clinic and resulted in high OTP linkage and 1-month retention rates.	Methadone	13-22	orthopedia homeobox	Homo sapiens	175-178
35446570-1	2022	We report a reagentless, intensity-based S-methadone fluorescent sensor, iS-methadoneSnFR, consisting of a circularly permuted GFP inserted within the sequence of a mutated bacterial periplasmic binding protein (PBP).	Methadone	43-52	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	183-210
35446570-1	2022	We report a reagentless, intensity-based S-methadone fluorescent sensor, iS-methadoneSnFR, consisting of a circularly permuted GFP inserted within the sequence of a mutated bacterial periplasmic binding protein (PBP).	Methadone	43-52	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	212-215
35446570-2	2022	We evolved a previously reported nicotine-binding PBP to become a selective S-methadone-binding sensor, via three mutations in the PBP"s second shell and hinge regions.	Methadone	78-87	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	50-53
35446570-2	2022	We evolved a previously reported nicotine-binding PBP to become a selective S-methadone-binding sensor, via three mutations in the PBP"s second shell and hinge regions.	Methadone	78-87	phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	131-134
35585173-5	2022	To train the proposed sensor, standard mixtures of morphine (MOR), and methadone (MET) were prepared in the established linear ranges of the analyzes.	Methadone	71-80	SAFB like transcription modulator	Homo sapiens	82-85
35538637-1	2022	AIMS: Methadone metabolism and clearance are determined principally by polymorphic cytochrome P4502B6 (CYP2B6).	Methadone	6-15	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	103-109
35538637-2	2022	Some CYP2B6 allelic variants affect methadone metabolism in vitro and disposition in vivo.	Methadone	36-45	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	5-11
35538637-3	2022	We assessed methadone metabolism by CYP2B6 minor variants in vitro.	Methadone	12-21	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	36-42
35538637-4	2022	We also assessed the influence of CYP2B6 variants, and P450 oxidoreductase (POR) and CYP2C19 variants, on methadone clearance in surgical patients in vivo.	Methadone	106-115	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	55-74
35538637-4	2022	We also assessed the influence of CYP2B6 variants, and P450 oxidoreductase (POR) and CYP2C19 variants, on methadone clearance in surgical patients in vivo.	Methadone	106-115	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	76-79
35538637-11	2022	CYP2B6.1 expressed with POR variants POR.28, POR.5, and P228L had lower rates of methadone metabolism than wild-type reductase.	Methadone	81-90	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
35538637-11	2022	CYP2B6.1 expressed with POR variants POR.28, POR.5, and P228L had lower rates of methadone metabolism than wild-type reductase.	Methadone	81-90	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	24-27
35538637-11	2022	CYP2B6.1 expressed with POR variants POR.28, POR.5, and P228L had lower rates of methadone metabolism than wild-type reductase.	Methadone	81-90	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	37-40
35538637-12	2022	In vivo, methadone clinical clearance decreased linearly with the number of CYP2B6 slow metabolizer alleles, but were not different in CYP2C19 slow or rapid metabolizer phenotypes, or in carriers of the POR*28 allele.	Methadone	9-18	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	76-82
35538637-13	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Several CYP2B6 and POR variants were slow metabolizers of methadone in vitro.	Methadone	71-80	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
35538637-13	2022	CONCLUSIONS: Several CYP2B6 and POR variants were slow metabolizers of methadone in vitro.	Methadone	71-80	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	32-35
35538637-14	2022	Polymorphisms in CYP2B6, but not CYP2C19 or P450 reductase, affected methadone clearance in vivo.	Methadone	69-78	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	17-23
35538637-15	2022	CYP2B6 polymorphisms 516G>T and 983T>C code for canonical loss of function variants, and should be assessed when considering genetic influences on clinical methadone disposition.	Methadone	156-165	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
35349917-6	2022	Under the optimized conditions, linear ranges of 0.1-30 ng mL-1 and 0.1-35 ng mL-1, and detection limits of 73 and 32 pg mL-1, were obtained for tramadol and methadone, respectively.	Methadone	158-167	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	59-63
35349917-6	2022	Under the optimized conditions, linear ranges of 0.1-30 ng mL-1 and 0.1-35 ng mL-1, and detection limits of 73 and 32 pg mL-1, were obtained for tramadol and methadone, respectively.	Methadone	158-167	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	78-82
35349917-6	2022	Under the optimized conditions, linear ranges of 0.1-30 ng mL-1 and 0.1-35 ng mL-1, and detection limits of 73 and 32 pg mL-1, were obtained for tramadol and methadone, respectively.	Methadone	158-167	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	121-125
34983973-0	2022	Association of the D-amino acid oxidase gene with methadone dose in heroin dependent patients under methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	50-59	D-amino acid oxidase	Homo sapiens	19-39
34983973-0	2022	Association of the D-amino acid oxidase gene with methadone dose in heroin dependent patients under methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	100-109	D-amino acid oxidase	Homo sapiens	19-39
34983973-6	2022	To test the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms in the DAO gene are associated with methadone treatment dose and responses, we selected four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DAO from the literature reports of the Taiwanese population.	Methadone	86-95	D-amino acid oxidase	Homo sapiens	57-60
34983973-8	2022	In this study, we identified a functional SNP rs55944529 in the DAO gene that reveals a modest but significant association with the methadone dosage in the recessive model of analysis (P = 0.003) and plasma concentrations (P = 0.003) in MMT patients.	Methadone	132-141	D-amino acid oxidase	Homo sapiens	64-67
34983973-11	2022	Our results suggest a role of the indirect regulatory mechanisms of the NMDA reporter, possibly via the DAO genetic variants, in the methadone dose and some adverse reactions in MMT patients.	Methadone	133-142	D-amino acid oxidase	Homo sapiens	104-107
35144113-7	2022	The analytical method was linear over a pharmacologically relevant range for each drug (i.e., 0.05-100 ng mL-1 for MDMA and methadone and 2.5-500 ng mL-1 for morphine with R2 varied from 0.9960 to 0.9996).	Methadone	124-133	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	106-110
35461300-0	2022	An adaptive design to screen, treat, and retain people with opioid use disorders who use methamphetamine in methadone clinics (STAR-OM): study protocol of a clinical trial.	Methadone	108-117	steroidogenic acute regulatory protein	Homo sapiens	127-131
35529779-1	2022	Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare impulsiveness, negative emotion, cognitive function, and P300 components among gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)-addicted patients, heroin-dependent patients, and methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) subjects.	Methadone	219-228	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	119-123
35189719-0	2022	Association of polymorphisms in ARRB2 and clinical response to methadone for pain in advanced cancer.	Methadone	63-72	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	32-37
35189719-2	2022	Previous reports have suggested that ARRB2 influences the response to methadone in opioid substitution therapy.	Methadone	70-79	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	37-42
35189719-4	2022	Methods: In a prospective, multicenter, open-label dose individualization study, we investigated whether polymorphisms in ARRB2 were associated with methadone dose requirements and pain severity.	Methadone	149-158	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	122-127
35356868-5	2022	RESULTS: When adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and genotypes of CYP2B6 and CYP3A5, the concentration-to-dose ratio of methadone did not increase among the participants with liver fibrosis (Coefficient: 0.70; 95% CI: -2.16, 3.57; P: 0.631), even among those with advanced cirrhosis (-0.50; -4.59, 3.59; 0.810).	Methadone	128-137	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	74-80
35356868-5	2022	RESULTS: When adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, and genotypes of CYP2B6 and CYP3A5, the concentration-to-dose ratio of methadone did not increase among the participants with liver fibrosis (Coefficient: 0.70; 95% CI: -2.16, 3.57; P: 0.631), even among those with advanced cirrhosis (-0.50; -4.59, 3.59; 0.810).	Methadone	128-137	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	85-91
35176404-4	2022	We found that rs2565055 in CHRNA2 gene was associated with daily dose of methadone treatment, and rs2672215, rs2672216 and rs2741865 in CHRNA10 gene were associated with the duration of the transition from first use to dependence (DTFUD).	Methadone	73-82	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	27-33
35194103-1	2022	Human CYP2B6 enzyme although constitutes relatively low proportion (1-4%) of hepatic cytochrome P450 content, it is the major catalyst of metabolism of several clinically important drugs (efavirenz, cyclophosphamide, bupropion, methadone).	Methadone	228-237	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	6-12
35194103-1	2022	Human CYP2B6 enzyme although constitutes relatively low proportion (1-4%) of hepatic cytochrome P450 content, it is the major catalyst of metabolism of several clinically important drugs (efavirenz, cyclophosphamide, bupropion, methadone).	Methadone	228-237	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	85-100
34978244-2	2022	CYP19A1 (aromatase) is the enzyme responsible for metabolizing methadone and buprenorphine in the human placenta.	Methadone	63-72	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
34380995-3	2022	The mechanism of methadone metabolism and disposition has been shown to involve cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and P-glycoprotein.	Methadone	17-26	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	80-95
34380995-3	2022	The mechanism of methadone metabolism and disposition has been shown to involve cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and P-glycoprotein.	Methadone	17-26	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	109-123
34380995-8	2022	RESULTS: An effective methadone dose correlated with sex, BMI and the presence of ABCB1 2677GG (rs2032582) and CYP2B6 516GG (rs374527).	Methadone	22-31	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	82-87
34380995-8	2022	RESULTS: An effective methadone dose correlated with sex, BMI and the presence of ABCB1 2677GG (rs2032582) and CYP2B6 516GG (rs374527).	Methadone	22-31	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	111-117
2478047-4	1989	Nalorphine, meperidine, and methadone were also good inhibitors of IgE binding, but naltrexone, buprenorphine, and fentanyl proved to be poor inhibitors.	Methadone	28-37	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	67-70
2913278-0	1989	Plasma arginine vasopressin response to intravenous methadone and naloxone in conscious dogs.	Methadone	52-61	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	7-27
2913278-1	1989	The effect of naloxone and methadone on the systemic release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) was studied in six conscious dogs.	Methadone	27-36	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	64-84
2913278-1	1989	The effect of naloxone and methadone on the systemic release of arginine vasopressin (AVP) was studied in six conscious dogs.	Methadone	27-36	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	86-89
2913278-11	1989	The dose-response study showed increasing plasma AVP levels upon administration of increasing doses of methadone above the 0.5 mg/kg level.	Methadone	103-112	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	49-52
2913278-12	1989	On account of the magnitude of response and the lack of changes in biochemical and hemodynamic variables sufficient to explain the documented AVP response, we conclude that methadone exerts a stimulatory influence on the systemic release of AVP.	Methadone	173-182	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	142-145
2913278-12	1989	On account of the magnitude of response and the lack of changes in biochemical and hemodynamic variables sufficient to explain the documented AVP response, we conclude that methadone exerts a stimulatory influence on the systemic release of AVP.	Methadone	173-182	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	241-244
2913278-13	1989	We consider the documented release of AVP to be a direct effect of the methadone administration, on account of the findings from the dose-response study and on account of the total blockade of the response after naloxone administration before methadone.	Methadone	71-80	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	38-41
2913278-13	1989	We consider the documented release of AVP to be a direct effect of the methadone administration, on account of the findings from the dose-response study and on account of the total blockade of the response after naloxone administration before methadone.	Methadone	243-252	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	38-41
3141082-6	1988	We conclude that prolonged therapy with methadone causes increases in TBG, T3, and T4 in serum.	Methadone	40-49	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	70-73
3211364-3	1988	Methadone at 8 mg/kg but not 4 mg/kg significantly reduced enkephalin levels in the striatum.	Methadone	0-9	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	59-69
3211364-0	1988	Effects of exposure in utero to methadone and buprenorphine on enkephalin levels in the developing rat brain.	Methadone	32-41	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	63-73
2844315-8	1988	In contrast, CSF beta-endorphin during both methadone maintenance and drug-free states was lower in the addicts as compared to the normal, drug-naive group.	Methadone	44-53	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	17-31
3678052-0	1987	Calcitonin and prolactin serum levels in heroin addicts: study on a methadone treated group.	Methadone	68-77	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10
3678052-0	1987	Calcitonin and prolactin serum levels in heroin addicts: study on a methadone treated group.	Methadone	68-77	prolactin	Homo sapiens	15-24
2956475-0	1987	Beta endorphin levels in CSF during methadone maintenance.	Methadone	36-45	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	0-14
2956475-0	1987	Beta endorphin levels in CSF during methadone maintenance.	Methadone	36-45	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	25-28
2956475-1	1987	Recent studies have shown that plasma beta endorphin levels of patients on methadone maintenance are comparable to controls.	Methadone	75-84	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	38-52
2956475-2	1987	Furthermore, CSF levels of related peptides in methadone patients also do not differ from controls, although CSF levels of beta endorphin have not been specifically measured.	Methadone	47-56	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	13-16
2956475-3	1987	In the current study we compared both CSF and plasma levels of beta endorphin in 11 patients on methadone maintenance for at least 10 months to levels in 13 controls getting spinal anesthesia for surgery.	Methadone	96-105	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	63-77
2956475-4	1987	The CSF beta endorphin levels of the methadone maintained patients were significantly higher than the controls (52.3 vs 21.7 pg/ml), while plasma levels of beta endorphin (29.6 vs 31.1 pg/ml) and cortisol (13.8 vs 12.6 micro g/dl) [corrected] did not differ.	Methadone	37-46	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	4-7
2956475-4	1987	The CSF beta endorphin levels of the methadone maintained patients were significantly higher than the controls (52.3 vs 21.7 pg/ml), while plasma levels of beta endorphin (29.6 vs 31.1 pg/ml) and cortisol (13.8 vs 12.6 micro g/dl) [corrected] did not differ.	Methadone	37-46	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	8-22
3584397-1	1987	The molecular forms of the N-terminal fragment (hNT) of proopiomelanocortin were studied in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from normal subjects, methadone-addicted patients, patients with hydrocephalus, and a patient with Nelson"s syndrome.	Methadone	140-149	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	56-75
3609122-2	1987	methadone on the plasma arginine-vasopressin (AVP) levels and urine production in 9 conscious dogs.	Methadone	0-9	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	24-44
3609122-2	1987	methadone on the plasma arginine-vasopressin (AVP) levels and urine production in 9 conscious dogs.	Methadone	0-9	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	46-49
3609122-3	1987	A highly significant increase from the baseline plasma AVP values of below 3 pg/ml occurred within 5 min following methadone administration.	Methadone	115-124	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	55-58
3609122-8	1987	administration of methadone and the increased plasma AVP levels in dogs.	Methadone	18-27	arginine vasopressin	Canis lupus familiaris	53-56
3797427-4	1987	However, subacute treatment of mice with methadone HCl (30 mg/kg, po, twice daily for 3 days) resulted in increases in liver weight, microsomal protein, and cytochrome P-450 content in consonant with the increased activities of four hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes: aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, p-nitroanisole, O-demethylase, and benzphetamine N-demethylase.	Methadone	41-54	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	157-173
3784573-8	1986	The coadministration of morphine, methadone, and [14C]sucrose into the fifth lumbar subarachnoid space is associated with the simultaneous appearance of morphine and [14C]sucrose, but not methadone, in cisternal CSF.	Methadone	34-43	granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor	Ovis aries	212-215
3697773-0	1986	Effect of maternal methadone administration on the development of multiple forms of monoamine oxidase in rat brain and liver.	Methadone	19-28	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	84-101
3697773-1	1986	The development of total monoamine oxidase (MAO) and MAO-A and MAO-B in the forebrain, brainstem, cerebellum and liver of methadone-treated and normal rats were monitored with tryptamine, serotonin and benzylamine, respectively.	Methadone	122-131	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	25-42
3697773-2	1986	Daily administration of methadone (10 mg/kg, s.c.) to pregnant and nursing rats substantially retarded the development of total and the A-form of MAO in the brain regions of pups but had no effect on that of MAO-B.	Methadone	24-33	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
3697773-3	1986	The effect of methadone on the development of total MAO and MAO-A in the liver was only transient and less significant.	Methadone	14-23	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
3697773-3	1986	The effect of methadone on the development of total MAO and MAO-A in the liver was only transient and less significant.	Methadone	14-23	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
3697773-4	1986	This finding indicates that the perinatal opiate syndrome associated with maternal exposure to methadone is caused by the inhibition in MAO-A development in monoaminergic neurons in the brain.	Methadone	95-104	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	136-141
2415286-5	1985	In four patients given intrathecal morphine or methadone, CSF at the C1-2 level contained high levels of morphine as early as 1 hour after injection, but levels of methadone were lower or undetectable.	Methadone	47-56	heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C	Homo sapiens	69-73
4075972-0	1985	Calcitonin serum levels in heroin addicts: effects of methadone and clonidine detoxication treatments.	Methadone	54-63	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10
4075972-4	1985	The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the levels of CT in a group of addicts to heroin both before and during detoxication treatment with methadone or a non-opioid drug like clonidine.	Methadone	148-157	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	62-64
4079340-1	1985	Radioactive methadone, phenytoin, phenobarbital, and diazepam were easily and efficiently removed from human urine samples by adsorption on C18 bonded silica phases.	Methadone	12-21	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	140-143
4040169-13	1985	Tolerance in some endocrine systems appears to be quite long-lasting, as CS, TSH and PRL responses to METH challenge were still decreased 3 weeks after withdrawal from the ID regimen.	Methadone	102-106	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
6149902-6	1984	However, if the bovine serum albumin was omitted from the perfusate, diazepam uptake in the IPL increased about 10-fold while methadone uptake increased only slightly.	Methadone	126-135	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	23-36
6742480-7	1984	The methadone concentration in the blood sample collected immediately prior to a supplementary dose was termed the minimum effective concentration (MEC [methadone]).	Methadone	4-13	C-C motif chemokine ligand 28	Homo sapiens	148-151
6742480-7	1984	The methadone concentration in the blood sample collected immediately prior to a supplementary dose was termed the minimum effective concentration (MEC [methadone]).	Methadone	153-162	C-C motif chemokine ligand 28	Homo sapiens	148-151
6742480-8	1984	The mean (+/- SD) coefficient of variation in MEC (methadone) for the 16 patients was 21 +/- 10% (range: 7-38%), while the mean MEC for methadone was 57.9 +/- 15.2 ng/ml (range: 34.5-80.3 ng/ml) in these patients.	Methadone	51-60	C-C motif chemokine ligand 28	Homo sapiens	46-49
6742480-8	1984	The mean (+/- SD) coefficient of variation in MEC (methadone) for the 16 patients was 21 +/- 10% (range: 7-38%), while the mean MEC for methadone was 57.9 +/- 15.2 ng/ml (range: 34.5-80.3 ng/ml) in these patients.	Methadone	136-145	C-C motif chemokine ligand 28	Homo sapiens	128-131
6518945-2	1984	Chronic postnatal methadone administration delayed normal developmental increases in serum T4 (decrease on day 5), corticosterone (CS) (days 15 and 20) and growth hormone (GH) (day 25).	Methadone	18-27	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	156-170
6518945-2	1984	Chronic postnatal methadone administration delayed normal developmental increases in serum T4 (decrease on day 5), corticosterone (CS) (days 15 and 20) and growth hormone (GH) (day 25).	Methadone	18-27	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	172-174
6518945-3	1984	In addition, marked tolerance to methadone effects on GH, CS, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion developed during chronic postnatal administration, and effects on PRL and TSH secretion persisted after drug withdrawal.	Methadone	33-42	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	54-56
6685534-2	1983	We hypothesized that methadone might exert its antidepressant effects through monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition.	Methadone	21-30	monoamine oxidase A	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
6140674-4	1983	In a correlative study, non-suppression of cortisol by dexamethasone correlated positively and significantly with methylphenidate-induced euphoric and antidepressant responses, and methadone induced growth hormone responses, possibly suggesting catecholamine and opioid receptor hypersensitivity.	Methadone	181-190	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	199-213
6861662-0	1983	Developmental toxic effect after subcutaneous injections of methadone in Charles River CD-1 mice.	Methadone	60-69	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	87-91
6326036-0	1983	Acute and subchronic effects of methadone on the blood hormonal levels of pregnant and nonpregnant Charles River CD-1 mice.	Methadone	32-41	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	113-117
6326036-1	1983	Blood levels of ACTH, FSH, and estriol were measured throughout the estrous cycle and estriol was determined at different stages during pregnancy in Charles River CD-1 mice treated with 10 mg/kg/day of methadone or vehicle (physiological saline).	Methadone	202-211	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	163-167
6326036-4	1983	The acute administration of methadone in nonpregnant mice produced an increase in ACTH level throughout the estrous cycle whereas subchronic treatment reduced ACTH level by 51%.	Methadone	28-37	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	82-86
6326036-9	1983	Methadone, by affecting several hormonal levels in both pregnant and nonpregnant CD-1 mice, may be responsible for some of the adverse effects on reproduction encountered in this species.	Methadone	0-9	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	81-85
6670060-0	1983	Des-Gly9-[Arg8]-vasopressin may facilitate methadone detoxification of heroin addicts.	Methadone	43-52	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	16-27
7149902-3	1982	Methadone raised the prolactin level at 60 minutes to more than twice the mean baseline level for the full subject sample.	Methadone	0-9	prolactin	Homo sapiens	21-30
7149902-4	1982	Patients with depressive disorders had lower mean basal prolactin levels than did the other subjects, and also manifested attenuated prolactin responses to methadone.	Methadone	156-165	prolactin	Homo sapiens	133-142
7177312-3	1982	The addition of methadone or etorphine to the protein kinase in vitro however, was able to block the Ca2+-calmodulin stimulation of phosphorylation in both synaptic membranes and intact synaptosomes.	Methadone	16-25	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-116
6125371-5	1982	Delays in the normal maturational decline of brain ornithine decarboxylase activity were prominent in the methadone group compared to offspring of pair-fed controls, just as reported previously in comparisons using non-pair-fed dams.	Methadone	106-115	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-74
6284952-0	1982	Effects of methadone on ornithine decarboxylase and cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase in neuronal and glial cell cultures.	Methadone	11-20	ornithine decarboxylase	Gallus gallus	24-47
6284952-4	1982	Both ODC and CNP activity were higher in mixed neuronal-nonneuronal cell cultures treated with methadone as compared to control.	Methadone	95-104	ornithine decarboxylase	Gallus gallus	5-8
6284952-4	1982	Both ODC and CNP activity were higher in mixed neuronal-nonneuronal cell cultures treated with methadone as compared to control.	Methadone	95-104	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Gallus gallus	13-16
12760403-5	1982	There were significantly more low PDI scores (predictors of developmental difficulties) among methadone subjects, particularly among methadone vs comparison males.	Methadone	94-103	peptidyl arginine deiminase 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
12760403-5	1982	There were significantly more low PDI scores (predictors of developmental difficulties) among methadone subjects, particularly among methadone vs comparison males.	Methadone	133-142	peptidyl arginine deiminase 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
6170377-1	1981	1 Morphine and related synthetic surrogates as well as beta-endorphin and methionine enkephalin caused a contractile response of the longitudinal musculature of the terminal colon of Long Evans rats.2 The muscular contraction caused by the narcotic analgesics exhibited stereospecificity, with levorphanol being about 50 times more potent than dextrorphan and (-)-methadone 4 times more potent than (+)-methadone.	Methadone	360-373	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
6170377-1	1981	1 Morphine and related synthetic surrogates as well as beta-endorphin and methionine enkephalin caused a contractile response of the longitudinal musculature of the terminal colon of Long Evans rats.2 The muscular contraction caused by the narcotic analgesics exhibited stereospecificity, with levorphanol being about 50 times more potent than dextrorphan and (-)-methadone 4 times more potent than (+)-methadone.	Methadone	399-412	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	85-95
6276118-4	1981	Naloxone-induced ACTH response data from chronic methadone addicts offers preliminary support for the hypothesis that chronic exogenous opiate administration has anti-endorphin effects.	Methadone	49-58	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	17-21
6169511-2	1981	Intravenous administration of methadone (0.2-0.5 mg/kg) markedly increased the threshold for cortical desynchronization by stimulation of the MRF.	Methadone	30-39	myelin regulatory factor	Rattus norvegicus	142-145
7193106-7	1981	Percentage dl-methadone bound to purified human serum albumin (HSA) (4.1 mg/dl) was 36.60% (mean +/- SD).	Methadone	11-23	albumin	Homo sapiens	48-72
7193106-10	1981	Addition of alpha 1-AGP (0.05 to 2.0 gm/l) to a physiologic concentration of purified HSA or to whole plasma progressively increased methadone binding.	Methadone	133-142	albumin	Homo sapiens	86-89
6783947-0	1981	Dopamine and serum prolactin in methadone withdrawal.	Methadone	32-41	prolactin	Homo sapiens	19-28
6258678-1	1980	1 Morphine, methadone, levorphanol, pethidine, etonitazene and related morphine-like alkaloids produced an increase in the electrically-evoked muscular contraction of the rat vas deferens.	Methadone	12-21	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	175-178
7372783-0	1980	Intravenous infusion of beta-endorphin increases serum prolactin, but not growth hormone or cortisol, in depressed subjects and withdrawing methadone addicts.	Methadone	140-149	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	24-38
7372783-4	1980	These results suggest that iv beta-endorphin has potent but selective neuroendocrine effects in depressed patients and subjects withdrawing from methadone.	Methadone	145-154	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	30-44
6768537-3	1980	This increase in cytochrome P-450, which lasted throughout the period of administration, appeared to correlate with the previously reported increase in the hepatic microsomal enzyme methadone N-demethylase and tolerance to methadone lethality.	Methadone	182-191	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	17-33
7374351-0	1980	Effects of maternal methadone administration on ornithine decarboxylase in brain and heart of the offspring: relationships of enzyme activity to dose and to growth impairment in the rat.	Methadone	20-29	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-71
90820-0	1979	Vasopressin analogue in methadone detoxification of heroin addicts.	Methadone	24-33	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	0-11
445229-5	1979	Gonadectomy altered the effect of methadone on epoxide hydratase, but not on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, in both sexes.	Methadone	34-43	epoxide hydrolase 2	Rattus norvegicus	47-64
445229-6	1979	In ovariectomized rats, but not in controls, methadone nearly doubled the epoxide hydratase activity, whereas in male rats castration decreased the inductive effect of methadone.	Methadone	45-54	epoxide hydrolase 2	Rattus norvegicus	74-91
445229-7	1979	Gonadectomy had a significant effect on the results of methadone treatment with respect to glutathione S-transferase activity in female rats.	Methadone	55-64	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	91-116
445229-10	1979	It is concluded that sex hormones play an important role in the induction of epoxide hydratase and glutathione S-transferase by methadone, but not of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, at this particular dosage regime.	Methadone	128-137	epoxide hydrolase 2	Rattus norvegicus	77-94
445229-10	1979	It is concluded that sex hormones play an important role in the induction of epoxide hydratase and glutathione S-transferase by methadone, but not of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, at this particular dosage regime.	Methadone	128-137	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	99-124
702334-4	1978	Also, methadone metabolism was inhibited by carbon monoxide indicating cytochrome P-450 dependence as is the case for ethanol.	Methadone	6-15	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-87
710265-5	1978	Furthermore, the analysis revealed the time-lag relationships between components--"new admissions to methadone treatment" lag 1--2 years behind the "street" component; "readmissions to methadone treatment" lag 1--3 years behind the "new admissions" component.	Methadone	101-110	ceramide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	122-127
710265-5	1978	Furthermore, the analysis revealed the time-lag relationships between components--"new admissions to methadone treatment" lag 1--2 years behind the "street" component; "readmissions to methadone treatment" lag 1--3 years behind the "new admissions" component.	Methadone	185-194	ceramide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	206-211
581016-0	1978	Effects of two analgesic opiates (methadone and pentazocine) on the serum prolactin levels in breast cancer.	Methadone	34-43	prolactin	Homo sapiens	74-83
721328-0	1978	Serum methadone as an aid in managing methadone maintenance patients.	Methadone	6-15	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	22-25
78676-1	1978	Significant increases of serum alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha-2-M) were detected in narcotic addicts presenting at a methadone treatment center.	Methadone	115-124	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	31-52
78676-1	1978	Significant increases of serum alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha-2-M) were detected in narcotic addicts presenting at a methadone treatment center.	Methadone	115-124	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	54-63
660594-1	1978	A congener of methadone, in which the metabolically labile C-6 dimethylamino moiety was replaced with a piperidinospiro derivative, was reduced and acetylated.	Methadone	14-23	complement C6	Homo sapiens	59-62
633081-0	1978	Responses of heart ornithine decarboxylase and adrenal catecholamines to methadone and sympathetic stimulants in developing and adults rats.	Methadone	73-82	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	19-42
633081-3	1978	Methadone administration to adult rats stimulated heart ODC, and this stimulation could be blocked by the sympatholytic agents chlorisondamine, reserpine or propranolol, suggesting that the effect is mediated via central stimulation of sympathetic nerves.	Methadone	0-9	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
633081-4	1978	With repeated methadone administration, tolerance developed to the heart ODC stimulation by methadone, eventually resulting in decreased heart ODC accompanied by deficits in heart weight.	Methadone	14-23	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
633081-4	1978	With repeated methadone administration, tolerance developed to the heart ODC stimulation by methadone, eventually resulting in decreased heart ODC accompanied by deficits in heart weight.	Methadone	14-23	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
633081-4	1978	With repeated methadone administration, tolerance developed to the heart ODC stimulation by methadone, eventually resulting in decreased heart ODC accompanied by deficits in heart weight.	Methadone	92-101	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
633081-4	1978	With repeated methadone administration, tolerance developed to the heart ODC stimulation by methadone, eventually resulting in decreased heart ODC accompanied by deficits in heart weight.	Methadone	92-101	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
633081-7	1978	The cardiac responses to nicotine developed somewhat differently, with significant ODC stimulation first appearing at 12 days in controls and at 8 days in methadone-treated pups.	Methadone	155-164	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
631013-0	1978	Pupillography response to methadone challenge: aid to diagnosis of opioid dependence.	Methadone	26-35	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	47-50
83873-0	1978	[Effect of methadone and pentazocine on blood levels of prolactin in the human].	Methadone	11-20	prolactin	Homo sapiens	56-65
198838-0	1977	Urinary cyclic AMP excretion by methadone subjects during gradual and acute withdrawal.	Methadone	32-41	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	15-18
198838-2	1977	In order to test this hypothesis, serial 24-h urinary excretion of cyclic AMP by long-term methadone addicts was determined during a period of stable methadone intake, a period of gradual withdrawal, and a period of acute withdrawal.	Methadone	91-100	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	74-77
198838-3	1977	Cyclic AMP excretion during stable methadone intake is identical to that of normal control subjects.	Methadone	35-44	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	7-10
407033-0	1977	Elevated serum concentrations of thyroxine-binding globulin and caeruloplasmin in methadone-maintained patients.	Methadone	82-91	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	33-59
407033-1	1977	Patients on a methadone-maintenance program had high serum concentrations of thyroxine-binding globulin.	Methadone	14-23	serpin family A member 7	Homo sapiens	77-103
15816-0	1977	Induction of hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and epoxide hydrase in Wistar rats pretreated with oral methadone hydrochloride.	Methadone	106-129	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-49
15816-1	1977	Methadone-HCl added to the drinking water of adult female Wistar rats for 4 weeks produced an increase in the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity of the hepatic microsomal fraction to 222% of control levels.	Methadone	0-13	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-138
978490-5	1976	In the absence of methadone in the perfusate, methadone that previously had accumulated in the lung effluxed at three rates (T1/2 = 0.37, 1.65 and 8.9 minutes) suggesting that accumulated methadone was stored in at least three pools (E1, E2, and E3) In addition, a pool with a half-life in excess of 5 hours (noneffuxable pool) was detected; this noneffluxable pool was shown not to be the result of irreversible covalent binding.	Methadone	46-55	E1 small nucleolar RNA	Oryctolagus cuniculus	234-248
978490-5	1976	In the absence of methadone in the perfusate, methadone that previously had accumulated in the lung effluxed at three rates (T1/2 = 0.37, 1.65 and 8.9 minutes) suggesting that accumulated methadone was stored in at least three pools (E1, E2, and E3) In addition, a pool with a half-life in excess of 5 hours (noneffuxable pool) was detected; this noneffluxable pool was shown not to be the result of irreversible covalent binding.	Methadone	46-55	E1 small nucleolar RNA	Oryctolagus cuniculus	234-248
978475-0	1976	Effects of neonatal or maternal methadone administration on ornithine decarboxylase activity in brain and heart of developing rats.	Methadone	32-41	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-83
978475-1	1976	Methadone was administered daily to pregnant or nursing rats, or directly to neonates, and the effects on brain and heart weights and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activities were determined during postnatal development.	Methadone	0-9	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-162
978475-2	1976	Exposure to methadone in the postnatal period either directly or via the mother resulted in delays in maturational decreases in brain ODC accompanied by deficits in brain weight.	Methadone	12-21	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
978475-4	1976	In the heart, direct methadone exposure or prenatal plus postnatal maternal administration led to a pattern of altered ODC activity consistent with delayed development, accompanied by heart weight deficits.	Methadone	21-30	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
939380-0	1976	The stimulation of albumin sythesis by methadone.	Methadone	39-48	albumin	Homo sapiens	19-26
939380-1	1976	Elevated levels of serum albumin have been noted in patients on chronic methadone maintenance and in heroin addicts.	Methadone	72-81	albumin	Homo sapiens	25-32
952695-7	1976	methadone 4 mg in terms of RRF.	Methadone	0-9	mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor	Homo sapiens	27-30
952695-8	1976	The degree of hypoxia after surgery correlated with vital capacity impairment and the improvement of oxygen tension after analgesia correlated with RRF after methadone 6 mg.	Methadone	158-167	mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor	Homo sapiens	148-151
821409-0	1976	Influence of acute and chronic administration of methadone hydrochloride on NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome P-450 of mouse liver microsomes.	Methadone	49-72	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	109-125
821409-2	1976	Administration of multiple acute doses of methadone in male mice increased the specific activity of cytochrome c reductase and the content of cytochrome P-450 of their liver microsomes.	Methadone	42-51	cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	142-158
241353-1	1975	The interactions of the parasympatholytic drugs adiphenin, adiphenin H and propantheline and the structurally related compounds diphenhydramine, D-propoxyphene and methadone with bovine serum albumin (BSA) are studied by means of 1H-NMR-spectroscopy.	Methadone	164-173	albumin	Homo sapiens	186-199
240366-1	1975	The interactions of the parasympatholytic drugs adiphenin, adiphenin H and propanthelin and the structurally related compounds, diphenhydramine, D-propoxyphene and methadone with bovine serum albumin (BSA) are studied by equilibrium dialysis and ultracentrifugation.	Methadone	164-173	albumin	Homo sapiens	186-199
4528642-1	1974	Effect of methadone on plasma testosterone, FSH, LH, and prolactin.	Methadone	10-19	prolactin	Homo sapiens	57-66
4740642-3	1973	The most potent drug in inhibiting the uptake of 5-HT (10 muM) by human platelets was methadone, followed by pentazocine>piminodine approximately pethidine approximately anileridine approximately cyclazocine approximately thebaine > dextropropoxyphene.	Methadone	86-95	latexin	Homo sapiens	58-61
14829296-0	1951	Studies on a new spasmolytic compound 1,1-diphenyl-3-dimethylaminobutene-1 (A29), related to methadone, and on the combined use of this compound and a potent analgesic, ketobemidone (A21).	Methadone	93-102	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2-18 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	76-79
15422516-0	1950	The role of the gastrointestinal tract in the excretion of C14-labeled methadone by rats.	Methadone	71-80	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
15398306-0	1949	The initial uptake of C14-labeled methadone by rat tissues.	Methadone	34-43	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
18131238-0	1949	The distribution of radioactivity in rats after administration of C14-labeled methadone.	Methadone	78-87	anti-Mullerian hormone receptor type 2	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
18885609-0	1948	The inhibition of the cholinesterase of rat brain by methadon.	Methadone	53-61	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	22-36
18869346-0	1948	Comparison of effects of D- and L-isomers of amidone and isoamidone on cholinesterase.	Methadone	45-52	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	71-85
18910685-0	1948	The inhibition of hexokinase by amidone (2-dimethylamino-4,4-diphenylheptanone-5-hydrochloride).	Methadone	32-39	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	18-28
33342667-1	2021	COVID-19 necessitated rapid changes in methadone take-home policies in opioid treatment programs (OTPs); these changes markedly contrast with existing, long-standing federal mandates on OTP rules about take-home methadone.	Methadone	39-48	orthopedia homeobox	Homo sapiens	98-101
33924822-9	2021	Use of ASP was associated with decreased need for methadone use, decreased duration of mechanical ventilation, and decreased ICU and hospital length of stay.	Methadone	50-59	assembly factor for spindle microtubules	Homo sapiens	7-10
33631704-11	2021	The incidence of strong opioids (oxycodone, fentanyl, morphine, and methadone) increased 6% per year (IRR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02-1.10).	Methadone	68-77	insulin receptor related receptor	Homo sapiens	102-105
32841585-3	2021	The evidence supports the use of ABCB1 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) 1236C>T with genotypes C/T or C/C (Jewish) and haplotypes AGCTT carrier, AGCGC heterozygote, or non-carrier (Caucasian), which have a predicted lower methadone dose requirement.	Methadone	226-235	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
32841585-4	2021	In contrast, ABCB1 SNP 1236C>T with genotype T/T (Jewish); haplotypes AGCGC homozygote, AGCTT non-carrier (Caucasian), and ABCB1 3435C>T variant carrier; and haplotypes CGT, TTC, and TGT (Han Chinese) have a predicted higher methadone dose.	Methadone	225-234	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
32841585-6	2021	In terms of metabolism biomarkers, a lower methadone requirement was related to carriers of CYP2B6 genotypes *4(G/G) and *9(T/T) among Jewish patients, CYP2B6*9 genotype (T/T) and haplotypes (TA/TG); and CYP2C19 (*2/*2,*2/*3, and *3/*3; Han Chinese).	Methadone	43-52	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	92-98
32841585-6	2021	In terms of metabolism biomarkers, a lower methadone requirement was related to carriers of CYP2B6 genotypes *4(G/G) and *9(T/T) among Jewish patients, CYP2B6*9 genotype (T/T) and haplotypes (TA/TG); and CYP2C19 (*2/*2,*2/*3, and *3/*3; Han Chinese).	Methadone	43-52	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	152-158
32841585-6	2021	In terms of metabolism biomarkers, a lower methadone requirement was related to carriers of CYP2B6 genotypes *4(G/G) and *9(T/T) among Jewish patients, CYP2B6*9 genotype (T/T) and haplotypes (TA/TG); and CYP2C19 (*2/*2,*2/*3, and *3/*3; Han Chinese).	Methadone	43-52	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	204-211
32841585-7	2021	Higher methadone dose was observed in CYP2C19*1 allelic carriers (Han Chinese) and CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer (Caucasian).	Methadone	7-16	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	38-45
32841585-7	2021	Higher methadone dose was observed in CYP2C19*1 allelic carriers (Han Chinese) and CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer (Caucasian).	Methadone	7-16	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	83-89
32841585-8	2021	Lower methadone levels were reported in CYP2B6 SNPs, haplotypes TTT, and AGATAA (Han Chinese), CYP2C19 genotype *1/*1 (Han Chinese), allelic carrier *1xN (Caucasian), and CYP3A4 genotype *1/*1 (Caucasian).	Methadone	6-15	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	40-46
32841585-8	2021	Lower methadone levels were reported in CYP2B6 SNPs, haplotypes TTT, and AGATAA (Han Chinese), CYP2C19 genotype *1/*1 (Han Chinese), allelic carrier *1xN (Caucasian), and CYP3A4 genotype *1/*1 (Caucasian).	Methadone	6-15	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	95-102
32841585-8	2021	Lower methadone levels were reported in CYP2B6 SNPs, haplotypes TTT, and AGATAA (Han Chinese), CYP2C19 genotype *1/*1 (Han Chinese), allelic carrier *1xN (Caucasian), and CYP3A4 genotype *1/*1 (Caucasian).	Methadone	6-15	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	171-177
32841585-9	2021	Carriers of CYP2B6 genotype *6/*6 (Caucasian), CYP2B6 haplotypes ATGCAG and ATGCTG (Han Chinese), and CYP3A4 genotype *1/*1B (Caucasian) had predicted higher methadone plasma levels.	Methadone	158-167	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	12-18
33853334-7	2021	RESULTS: Of 24 patients on methadone substitution therapy, 12 (50%) were anti-HCV negative before starting OST.	Methadone	27-36	MCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence like	Homo sapiens	107-110
33682628-0	2021	OPRM1 and CYP3A4 association with methadone dose in Iranian patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy.	Methadone	34-43	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
33682628-0	2021	OPRM1 and CYP3A4 association with methadone dose in Iranian patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy.	Methadone	34-43	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	10-16
33682628-0	2021	OPRM1 and CYP3A4 association with methadone dose in Iranian patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy.	Methadone	80-89	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
33682628-2	2021	OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the associations between two polymorphisms, CYP3A4 (rs2740574) and OPRM1 (rs1799971), with dose of methadone in Iranian patients undergoing MMT.	Methadone	137-146	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	82-88
33682628-2	2021	OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the associations between two polymorphisms, CYP3A4 (rs2740574) and OPRM1 (rs1799971), with dose of methadone in Iranian patients undergoing MMT.	Methadone	137-146	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
33454797-0	2021	Brain/blood ratios of methadone and ABCB1 polymorphisms in methadone-related deaths.	Methadone	59-68	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
33454797-3	2021	The aims of this study were (1) to determine whether brain/blood ratios can assist in the interpretation of methadone findings in fatalities; (2) to examine whether polymorphisms in the gene encoding the P-glycoprotein (also known as multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) or ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1)), which functions as a multispecific efflux pump in the blood-brain barrier, affect brain/blood ratios of methadone.	Methadone	432-441	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	204-218
33454797-3	2021	The aims of this study were (1) to determine whether brain/blood ratios can assist in the interpretation of methadone findings in fatalities; (2) to examine whether polymorphisms in the gene encoding the P-glycoprotein (also known as multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) or ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1)), which functions as a multispecific efflux pump in the blood-brain barrier, affect brain/blood ratios of methadone.	Methadone	432-441	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	234-264
33454797-10	2021	Our results suggest that the rs1045642 polymorphisms in ABCB1 may affect methadone concentrations in the brain and its site of action and may be an additional factor influencing methadone toxicity.	Methadone	73-82	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
33454797-10	2021	Our results suggest that the rs1045642 polymorphisms in ABCB1 may affect methadone concentrations in the brain and its site of action and may be an additional factor influencing methadone toxicity.	Methadone	178-187	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
33353790-1	2021	Opioid treatment programs (OTPs) operate within a rigid set of clinical guidelines and regulations that specify the number of required OTP visits for supervised administration of methadone.	Methadone	179-188	orthopedia homeobox	Homo sapiens	27-30
33599403-2	2021	Drugs metabolized mainly by CYP2B6 include artemisinin, bupropion, cyclophosphamide, efavirenz, ketamine, and methadone.	Methadone	110-119	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	28-34
32918469-13	2021	An MME increase >=25 was associated with: opioid use for non-RLS pain, <1 year of opioid use, opioid switch to methadone, and discontinuation of non-opioid RLS medications which, combined, accounted for 91.7% of those with 1-year follow-up increases >=25 MME.	Methadone	111-120	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	3-6
33571606-11	2021	Immunoblots of the adolescent prefrontal cortex and hippocampus showed methadone-exposed offspring displayed reduced levels of mature BDNF, in addition to the GABAergic proteins, GAD67 and parvalbumin, in a sex- and brain region-specific fashion.	Methadone	71-80	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
33571606-11	2021	Immunoblots of the adolescent prefrontal cortex and hippocampus showed methadone-exposed offspring displayed reduced levels of mature BDNF, in addition to the GABAergic proteins, GAD67 and parvalbumin, in a sex- and brain region-specific fashion.	Methadone	71-80	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	179-184
33571606-11	2021	Immunoblots of the adolescent prefrontal cortex and hippocampus showed methadone-exposed offspring displayed reduced levels of mature BDNF, in addition to the GABAergic proteins, GAD67 and parvalbumin, in a sex- and brain region-specific fashion.	Methadone	71-80	parvalbumin	Rattus norvegicus	189-200
33546554-0	2021	Investigating the CYP2B6 rs3745274 and rs3211371 polymorphisms in Methadone-Responder and Non-Responder Addicts in Iran.	Methadone	66-75	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	18-24
33546554-3	2021	Therefore, this study designed to examine the frequency of two SNPs of the CYP2B6 gene (rs3745274 and rs3211371) in addicted cases in two methadone-responders and methadone non-responders groups.	Methadone	138-147	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	75-81
33546554-3	2021	Therefore, this study designed to examine the frequency of two SNPs of the CYP2B6 gene (rs3745274 and rs3211371) in addicted cases in two methadone-responders and methadone non-responders groups.	Methadone	163-172	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	75-81
33546554-7	2021	Conclusion: Based on our findings, we can conclude that rs3745274 variant of CYP2B6 gene could serve as a potential biomarker, to evaluate the prognosis of addicted people fate under treatment with methadone.	Methadone	198-207	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	77-83
33387367-2	2021	Several opioids are metabolized to some extent by CYP2D6 (codeine, tramadol, hydrocodone, oxycodone and methadone).	Methadone	104-113	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	50-56
33242852-1	2021	BACKGROUND: As CRH-binding protein (CRHBP) SNP rs1500 was associated with reduced cocaine abuse after 1 year in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for heroin addiction, we evaluated the association of additional 28 selected SNPs, in 17 stress-related genes, with MMT outcome.	Methadone	112-121	corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein	Homo sapiens	36-41
33390827-9	2021	The risk factors or correlates found to be significantly associated with low BMD in the OST population include male gender, low body mass index, low testosterone level, methadone or heroin use, and longer duration of heavy alcohol use.	Methadone	169-178	MCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence like	Homo sapiens	88-91
33410778-1	2020	The aim of this study was to determine the influence of ABCB1, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms on methadone metabolism in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).	Methadone	107-116	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
33410778-1	2020	The aim of this study was to determine the influence of ABCB1, CYP2B6, and CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms on methadone metabolism in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).	Methadone	107-116	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	75-81
32433362-2	2020	The study aimed to identify key factors associated with the increased cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) cell counts among HIV-positive people who inject heroin and receive methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).	Methadone	173-182	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	100-103
32870067-2	2020	The metabolism of methadone is complex and executed mainly by the cytochromes, CYP3A4 and CYP2B6.	Methadone	18-27	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	79-85
32870067-2	2020	The metabolism of methadone is complex and executed mainly by the cytochromes, CYP3A4 and CYP2B6.	Methadone	18-27	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	90-96
33172459-9	2020	Both patients with methadone as add-on (MET, n = 13) and patients with only other opioids (NMET, n = 34), improved in pain control (p < 0.05 and 0.001, respectively), despite that MET patients had higher pain scores at baseline (p < 0.05) and were on a higher MEDD (240 mg vs.133 mg).	Methadone	19-28	SAFB like transcription modulator	Homo sapiens	40-43
33157550-14	2020	This remains undefined for buprenorphine, while for methadone it involves direct hERG channel block.	Methadone	52-61	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	81-85
33828379-0	2020	Influence of DRD2 Polymorphisms on the Clinical Outcomes of Opioiddependent Patients on Methadone Maintenance Therapy.	Methadone	88-97	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	13-17
33828379-3	2020	The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of DRD2 polymorphisms on the clinical outcomes of opioid-dependent patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).	Methadone	140-149	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	64-68
32680919-0	2020	Atomic-Level Characterization of the Methadone-Stabilized Active Conformation of micro-Opioid Receptor.	Methadone	37-46	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	81-102
32680919-1	2020	Methadone is a synthetic opioid agonist with notoriously unique properties, such as lower abuse liability and induced relief of withdrawal symptoms and drug cravings, despite acting on the same opioid receptors triggered by classical opioids, in particular the micro-opioid receptor (MOR).	Methadone	0-9	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	261-282
32680919-1	2020	Methadone is a synthetic opioid agonist with notoriously unique properties, such as lower abuse liability and induced relief of withdrawal symptoms and drug cravings, despite acting on the same opioid receptors triggered by classical opioids, in particular the micro-opioid receptor (MOR).	Methadone	0-9	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	284-287
32680919-3	2020	Although a recent biophysical study suggests that methadone stabilizes different MOR active conformations from those stabilized by classical opioid drugs or G protein-biased agonists, how this drug modulates the conformational equilibrium of MOR and what specific active conformation of the receptor it stabilizes is unknown.	Methadone	50-59	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
32680919-3	2020	Although a recent biophysical study suggests that methadone stabilizes different MOR active conformations from those stabilized by classical opioid drugs or G protein-biased agonists, how this drug modulates the conformational equilibrium of MOR and what specific active conformation of the receptor it stabilizes is unknown.	Methadone	50-59	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	242-245
32680919-4	2020	Here, we report the results of sub-millisecond adaptive sampling molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a predicted methadone-bound MOR complex, and compare them with analogous data obtained for the classical opioid morphine and the G protein-biased ligand TRV130.	Methadone	116-125	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	132-135
32680919-5	2020	The model, which is supported by existing experimental data, is analyzed using Markov State Models (MSMs) and transfer entropy analysis to provide testable hypotheses of methadone-specific conformational dynamics and activation kinetics of MOR.	Methadone	170-179	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	240-243
32680919-9	2020	In particular, we present details of a methadone-specific active conformation of the micro-opioid receptor that has thus far eluded experimental structural characterization.	Methadone	39-48	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	85-106
33195568-11	2020	Results: Both methadone and hydromorphone administration reduced HR and prolonged PR and QT intervals, with greater changes observed during sevoflurane anesthesia.	Methadone	14-23	progesterone receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	82-84
32977591-6	2020	Methadone was similar toxic in isogenic MGMT expressing and non-expressing cells, and in LN229 glioblastoma and VH10T human fibroblasts.	Methadone	0-9	O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	40-44
32416296-1	2020	An indicator for cytochrome P450 enzymes which have the most fundamental role in methadone metabolism in the liver.	Methadone	81-90	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-32
32888132-7	2020	Both chronic morphine and methadone treatment increased NO level and eNOS expression in HUVECs.	Methadone	26-35	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	69-73
32888132-9	2020	Lithium pretreatment (10 mM) in both morphine and methadone received groups significantly reduced nitrite and cAMP levels as well as eNOS expression as compared to the control.	Methadone	50-59	nitric oxide synthase 3	Homo sapiens	133-137
32564328-5	2020	Understanding of the mechanisms of variability in methadone disposition and drug interactions has evolved over the years, with the latest evidence revealing that CYP 2B6 is the major determinant of methadone elimination and plays a key role in methadone-related drug interactions.	Methadone	50-59	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	162-169
32564328-5	2020	Understanding of the mechanisms of variability in methadone disposition and drug interactions has evolved over the years, with the latest evidence revealing that CYP 2B6 is the major determinant of methadone elimination and plays a key role in methadone-related drug interactions.	Methadone	198-207	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	162-169
32564328-5	2020	Understanding of the mechanisms of variability in methadone disposition and drug interactions has evolved over the years, with the latest evidence revealing that CYP 2B6 is the major determinant of methadone elimination and plays a key role in methadone-related drug interactions.	Methadone	198-207	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	162-169
32531136-8	2020	Intra-day and inter-day precisions (n = 6) of the spiked methadone at a concentration level of 50 mug L-1 were over ranges of 5.1-6.8 % and 5.7-7.1 %, respectively.	Methadone	57-66	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	102-105
32705966-7	2020	Cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein variants contribute to the interindividual variability in methadone pharmacokinetics.	Methadone	101-110	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	28-42
32712727-8	2021	We found that the alterations of S100B and L/P ratio were considerable in the M/N-Apnea and Methadone groups from the early hours post-methadone overdose, while NSE serum levels elevation was observed only in M/N-Apnea group with a delay at 48 h. Further, we assessed the spatial working memory (Y-maze test), morphological changes, and neuronal loss.	Methadone	92-101	S100 calcium binding protein B	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
32712727-10	2021	The morphological changes of neurons and the neuronal loss were detectable in the CA1, striatum, and cerebellum regions, which were pronounced in both M/N-Apnea and Methadone groups.	Methadone	165-174	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
32712727-11	2021	Together, our findings suggest that alterations in the serum levels of S100B and NSE factors as well as L/P ratio could be induced by methadone overdose with the presence or absence of apnea before the memory impairment and tissue injury in adolescent male rats.	Methadone	134-143	S100 calcium binding protein B	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
32712727-11	2021	Together, our findings suggest that alterations in the serum levels of S100B and NSE factors as well as L/P ratio could be induced by methadone overdose with the presence or absence of apnea before the memory impairment and tissue injury in adolescent male rats.	Methadone	134-143	enolase 2	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
32719674-4	2020	Mechanistically, methadone treatment of macrophages reduced the expression of interferons (IFN-beta and IFN-lambda2) and the IFN-stimulated anti-HIV genes (APOBEC3F/G and MxB).	Methadone	17-26	IFN1@	Homo sapiens	91-99
32719674-4	2020	Mechanistically, methadone treatment of macrophages reduced the expression of interferons (IFN-beta and IFN-lambda2) and the IFN-stimulated anti-HIV genes (APOBEC3F/G and MxB).	Methadone	17-26	interferon lambda 2	Homo sapiens	104-115
32719674-4	2020	Mechanistically, methadone treatment of macrophages reduced the expression of interferons (IFN-beta and IFN-lambda2) and the IFN-stimulated anti-HIV genes (APOBEC3F/G and MxB).	Methadone	17-26	apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3F	Homo sapiens	156-164
32719674-4	2020	Mechanistically, methadone treatment of macrophages reduced the expression of interferons (IFN-beta and IFN-lambda2) and the IFN-stimulated anti-HIV genes (APOBEC3F/G and MxB).	Methadone	17-26	MX dynamin like GTPase 2	Homo sapiens	171-174
32719674-5	2020	In addition, methadone-treated macrophages showed lower levels of several anti-HIV microRNAs (miRNA-28, miR-125b, miR-150, and miR-155) compared to untreated cells.	Methadone	13-22	microRNA 150	Homo sapiens	114-121
32719674-5	2020	In addition, methadone-treated macrophages showed lower levels of several anti-HIV microRNAs (miRNA-28, miR-125b, miR-150, and miR-155) compared to untreated cells.	Methadone	13-22	microRNA 155	Homo sapiens	127-134
32719674-6	2020	Exogenous IFN-beta treatment restored the methadone-induced reduction in the expression of the above genes.	Methadone	42-51	IFN1@	Homo sapiens	10-18
32670993-9	2020	Stimulation with LPS for 3 h resulted in increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) expression by 3.5-fold in PBMCs from methadone-exposed PBMCs compared to PBMCs from saline-exposed controls (p < 0.0001).	Methadone	165-174	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	51-72
32670993-9	2020	Stimulation with LPS for 3 h resulted in increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) expression by 3.5-fold in PBMCs from methadone-exposed PBMCs compared to PBMCs from saline-exposed controls (p < 0.0001).	Methadone	165-174	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	74-83
32670993-9	2020	Stimulation with LPS for 3 h resulted in increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) expression by 3.5-fold in PBMCs from methadone-exposed PBMCs compared to PBMCs from saline-exposed controls (p < 0.0001).	Methadone	165-174	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Homo sapiens	89-119
32670993-9	2020	Stimulation with LPS for 3 h resulted in increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) expression by 3.5-fold in PBMCs from methadone-exposed PBMCs compared to PBMCs from saline-exposed controls (p < 0.0001).	Methadone	165-174	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
32555608-6	2020	The NECTIN4 gene within the adherens junction interaction pathway was associated with methadone dose in pathway-based genome wide association analyses (P = 0.0008).	Methadone	86-95	nectin cell adhesion molecule 4	Homo sapiens	4-11
32555608-10	2020	The results suggest involvement of genetic variants on NECTIN4 in methadone dose.	Methadone	66-75	nectin cell adhesion molecule 4	Homo sapiens	55-62
32484968-7	2020	Prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine also resulted in decreased activation of CaMKII and/or ERK during development, while young adult offspring displayed increased hippocampal ERK activation.	Methadone	21-30	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
32484968-7	2020	Prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine also resulted in decreased activation of CaMKII and/or ERK during development, while young adult offspring displayed increased hippocampal ERK activation.	Methadone	21-30	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
32373504-0	2020	Validation and Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction as a Preparation Method for Detection of Methadone in Saliva with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Technique.	Methadone	133-142	gastrin	Homo sapiens	158-161
32407152-0	2020	Association of COMT Gene Polymorphisms with Response to Methadone Maintenance Treatment Among Chinese Opioid-Dependent Patients.	Methadone	56-65	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	15-19
32407152-1	2020	Aim: To explore the association of COMT gene polymorphisms (rs4680, rs737866, and rs933271) with the response to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) among Chinese opioid-dependent patients.	Methadone	113-122	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	35-39
31945545-0	2020	MOP-dependent enhancement of methadone on the effectiveness of ALA-PDT for A172 cells by upregulating phosphorylated JNK and BCL2.	Methadone	29-38	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
31945545-0	2020	MOP-dependent enhancement of methadone on the effectiveness of ALA-PDT for A172 cells by upregulating phosphorylated JNK and BCL2.	Methadone	29-38	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	117-120
31945545-0	2020	MOP-dependent enhancement of methadone on the effectiveness of ALA-PDT for A172 cells by upregulating phosphorylated JNK and BCL2.	Methadone	29-38	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	125-129
31945545-7	2020	Phosphorylated JNK and BCL2 induced by ALA-PDT were promoted in the presence of methadone (p &lt; 0.05).	Methadone	80-89	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	15-18
31945545-7	2020	Phosphorylated JNK and BCL2 induced by ALA-PDT were promoted in the presence of methadone (p &lt; 0.05).	Methadone	80-89	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	23-27
31945545-9	2020	CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that apoptosis induced by ALA-PDT is enhanced by methadone, mostly MOP-mediated, through the upregulation of accumulation of phosphorylated JNK and BCL2, leading to a promotion of cytotoxicity of ALA-PDT for A172 cells.	Methadone	82-91	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	100-103
31945545-9	2020	CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that apoptosis induced by ALA-PDT is enhanced by methadone, mostly MOP-mediated, through the upregulation of accumulation of phosphorylated JNK and BCL2, leading to a promotion of cytotoxicity of ALA-PDT for A172 cells.	Methadone	82-91	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	173-176
31945545-9	2020	CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that apoptosis induced by ALA-PDT is enhanced by methadone, mostly MOP-mediated, through the upregulation of accumulation of phosphorylated JNK and BCL2, leading to a promotion of cytotoxicity of ALA-PDT for A172 cells.	Methadone	82-91	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	181-185
32444381-8	2020	Cannabidiol inhibits CYP3A4 and CYP2C19, both of which are involved in the metabolism of methadone.	Methadone	89-98	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	21-27
32444381-8	2020	Cannabidiol inhibits CYP3A4 and CYP2C19, both of which are involved in the metabolism of methadone.	Methadone	89-98	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	32-39
32302325-3	2020	Although CYP3A4 was conventionally considered the principal methadone metabolizing enzyme, more recent data have identified CYP2B6 as the principal enzyme.	Methadone	60-69	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	9-15
32302325-8	2020	We assessed hepatic fibrosis and steatosis by transient elastography and CYP2B6 alleles, principally responsible for methadone metabolism.	Methadone	117-126	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	73-79
32302325-13	2020	CYP2B6 loss of function (LOF) alleles significantly affected (S)-methadone metabolism (p = 0.012).	Methadone	65-74	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
32302325-17	2020	Although the principal methadone metabolizing enzyme remains controversial, our results suggest that sex, CYP2B6 genotype, and BMI should be incorporated into multivariate models to create methadone dosing algorithms.	Methadone	189-198	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	106-112
31907389-0	2020	Genetic polymorphisms in the opioid receptor delta 1 (OPRD1) gene are associated with methadone dose in methadone maintenance treatment for heroin dependence.	Methadone	86-95	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	29-52
31907389-0	2020	Genetic polymorphisms in the opioid receptor delta 1 (OPRD1) gene are associated with methadone dose in methadone maintenance treatment for heroin dependence.	Methadone	86-95	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
31907389-0	2020	Genetic polymorphisms in the opioid receptor delta 1 (OPRD1) gene are associated with methadone dose in methadone maintenance treatment for heroin dependence.	Methadone	104-113	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	29-52
31907389-0	2020	Genetic polymorphisms in the opioid receptor delta 1 (OPRD1) gene are associated with methadone dose in methadone maintenance treatment for heroin dependence.	Methadone	104-113	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
31907389-2	2020	This study tested the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the opioid receptor delta 1 (OPRD1) gene coding region are associated with treatment responses in a methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) cohort in Taiwan.	Methadone	180-189	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	84-107
31907389-2	2020	This study tested the hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the opioid receptor delta 1 (OPRD1) gene coding region are associated with treatment responses in a methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) cohort in Taiwan.	Methadone	180-189	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
31907389-8	2020	The results indicated that OPRD1 genetic variants were associated with methadone dosage and methadone plasma concentration in MMT patients with a negative morphine test result.	Methadone	71-80	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
31907389-8	2020	The results indicated that OPRD1 genetic variants were associated with methadone dosage and methadone plasma concentration in MMT patients with a negative morphine test result.	Methadone	92-101	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
31853823-0	2020	Haplotype-Based Association and In Silico Studies of OPRM1 Gene Variants with Susceptibility to Opioid Dependence Among Addicted Iranians Undergoing Methadone Treatment.	Methadone	149-158	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
31941720-8	2020	Finally, the hyperalgesia was completely reversed by methadone, which possesses both MOPr agonist and NMDA receptor antagonist activity.	Methadone	53-62	opioid receptor, mu 1	Mus musculus	85-89
31941720-9	2020	Indeed, methadone analgesia was abolished in MOPr -/- mice.	Methadone	8-17	opioid receptor, mu 1	Mus musculus	45-49
31969385-0	2020	Chronic Methadone Use Alters the CD8+ T Cell Phenotype In Vivo and Modulates Its Responsiveness Ex Vivo to Opioid Receptor and TCR Stimuli.	Methadone	8-17	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	33-36
31969385-5	2020	From a cohort of nonuser controls and methadone users, we demonstrate, via t-Stochastic Neighbor Embedding and k-means cluster analysis of surface marker expression, that chronic opioid use alters human CD8+ T cell subset balance, with notable decreases in T effector memory RA+ cells.	Methadone	38-47	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	203-206
31969385-8	2020	CD8+ T cells from controls exposed to mu-OR agonists ex vivo decrease expression of activation markers CD69 and CD25, although the same markers are elevated in mu-OR-treated cells from methadone users.	Methadone	185-194	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	0-3
31958914-0	2020	ALDH2 Gene: Its Effects on the Neuropsychological Functions in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment.	Methadone	108-117	aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member	Homo sapiens	0-5
31958914-3	2020	Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether ALDH2 genotypes have significant effects on neuropsychological functions in OUD patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).	Methadone	143-152	aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member	Homo sapiens	43-48
31765790-8	2020	In the brain, perinatal methadone exposure not only increases chemokines and cytokines throughout a crucial developmental period, but also alters microglia morphology consistent with activation, and upregulates TLR4 and MyD88 mRNA.	Methadone	24-33	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	211-215
31765790-8	2020	In the brain, perinatal methadone exposure not only increases chemokines and cytokines throughout a crucial developmental period, but also alters microglia morphology consistent with activation, and upregulates TLR4 and MyD88 mRNA.	Methadone	24-33	MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Homo sapiens	220-225
31866536-5	2020	RESULTS: We found that the frequencies of G allele of GAD1 rs3749034 and rs3762555 were associated with daily dose of methadone use and memory change after heroin addiction.	Methadone	118-127	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
31866536-6	2020	The C allele frequency of GAD1 rs3762556 was associated with lower daily dose of methadone use.	Methadone	81-90	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
31866536-7	2020	In GAD1, SNPs rs3762556, rs3762555, rs3791878 and rs3749034 had strong linkage, and the frequency of the C-G-C-A haplotype was higher in the lower dose of methadone group.	Methadone	155-164	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	3-7
31866536-11	2020	CONCLUSION: GAD1 polymorphisms were associated with phenotypes of heroin addiction, especially the daily dose of methadone use and memory change in the Han Chinese population.	Methadone	113-122	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
31237791-2	2020	Our previous study showed clients who lived more than 10-miles away from an OTP were more likely to miss methadone doses during the first 30 days of treatment.	Methadone	105-114	orthopedia homeobox	Homo sapiens	76-79
31237791-4	2020	Objective: To examine the association between access to this OTP, alcohol and cannabis outlets, and the number of missed methadone doses during the first, second, and third 90 days of treatment.	Methadone	121-130	orthopedia homeobox	Homo sapiens	61-64
31237791-8	2020	Results: Shorter distance from a client"s residence to the OTP was associated with a decreased number of missed methadone doses during the first 90 days of treatment.	Methadone	112-121	orthopedia homeobox	Homo sapiens	59-62
31653394-6	2020	Opioids that are good inhibitors of SERT (tramadol, dextromethorphan, methadone, and meperidine) are most frequently associated with serotonin toxicity.	Methadone	70-79	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	36-40
31951160-5	2020	Adhesion molecules in the peripheral plasma, e.g., cadherin-2 (CDH2), may be biomarkers for both methadone treatment outcome and nectin 4 may be an indicator for continued opioid use.	Methadone	97-106	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	51-61
31951160-5	2020	Adhesion molecules in the peripheral plasma, e.g., cadherin-2 (CDH2), may be biomarkers for both methadone treatment outcome and nectin 4 may be an indicator for continued opioid use.	Methadone	97-106	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	63-67
31940240-0	2020	kappa Opioid Receptor 1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms were Associated with the Methadone Dosage.	Methadone	81-90	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	0-21
31940240-10	2020	Results: The OPRK1 rs3802279, rs3802281, and rs963549 genotypes were significantly associated with methadone dosage analyzed by Pearson"s chi-square test or binary logistic regression to correct for covariates.	Methadone	99-108	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
31940240-14	2020	Conclusion: These findings support an important role of the OPRK1 polymorphism in determining the daily methadone dose and may guide future studies in identifying additional genetic risk factors for HUD.	Methadone	104-113	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
32486995-8	2020	Buprenorphine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, morphine, naloxone und tapentadol are drugs with a high first-pass effect, while the bioavailability of methadone, oxycodone and tramadol is > 70 %.	Methadone	144-153	collagen type XIV alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	59-62
31710992-9	2019	CONCLUSION: the expression changes in the DYN/KOR system after chronic exposure to opioids, including methadone, seems to be stable and does not return to normal levels even after 12 months abstinence.	Methadone	102-111	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	46-49
32685426-6	2020	At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed and their blood serum collected to measure cortisol, glucagon, adrenaline and lipid profile levels.There was a significant decrease in the mean final blood glucose of methadone-treated versus control male rats (p = 0.02).	Methadone	217-226	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	103-111
31513981-0	2019	Correlation between interleukin-6 levels and methadone maintenance therapy outcomes.	Methadone	45-54	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	20-33
31351113-2	2019	The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit GluN2B plays critical roles in cerebellar development, and methadone has been shown to possess NMDAR antagonist effect.	Methadone	109-118	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	50-56
30844877-0	2019	Genetic Variant in the CRH-binding Protein Gene (CRHBP) is Associated With Cessation of Cocaine Use in Methadone Maintenance Patients With Opioid Addiction.	Methadone	103-112	corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein	Homo sapiens	49-54
30844877-1	2019	OBJECTIVES: We have previously shown associations between 4 genetic variants in opioid and stress-related genes (OPRM1, NPYR1/NPYR5, NR3C1, and CRHBP) and prolonged abstinence from heroin without methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).	Methadone	196-205	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
30844877-1	2019	OBJECTIVES: We have previously shown associations between 4 genetic variants in opioid and stress-related genes (OPRM1, NPYR1/NPYR5, NR3C1, and CRHBP) and prolonged abstinence from heroin without methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).	Methadone	196-205	neuropeptide Y receptor Y5	Homo sapiens	126-131
30844877-1	2019	OBJECTIVES: We have previously shown associations between 4 genetic variants in opioid and stress-related genes (OPRM1, NPYR1/NPYR5, NR3C1, and CRHBP) and prolonged abstinence from heroin without methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).	Methadone	196-205	nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1	Homo sapiens	133-138
30844877-1	2019	OBJECTIVES: We have previously shown associations between 4 genetic variants in opioid and stress-related genes (OPRM1, NPYR1/NPYR5, NR3C1, and CRHBP) and prolonged abstinence from heroin without methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).	Methadone	196-205	corticotropin releasing hormone binding protein	Homo sapiens	144-149
31581625-8	2019	The highest cumulative amount of methadone (41 +- 5 mug/cm2) permeated from d-limonene (LIM).	Methadone	33-42	PDZ and LIM domain 5	Homo sapiens	88-91
31140754-3	2019	In this in vitro study, the influence of methadone to the effectiveness of ALA-PDT for SCC (FADU) and glioblastoma (A172) was investigated on the protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence, survival rates, apoptosis, and cell cycle phase, each with or without the presence of methadone.	Methadone	41-50	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	87-90
31140754-7	2019	This study demonstrates the potential of methadone to influence the cytotoxic effect of ALA-PDT for both SCC and glioblastoma cell lines.	Methadone	41-50	serpin family B member 3	Homo sapiens	105-108
30973652-1	2019	Different views appear in the literature on the extent of specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) involvement in methadone metabolism.	Methadone	104-113	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	67-82
30973652-1	2019	Different views appear in the literature on the extent of specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) involvement in methadone metabolism.	Methadone	104-113	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	84-87
30973652-6	2019	Methadone exposure was either decreased or unchanged when it was coadministered with weak to strong CYP3A inhibitors or a moderate CYP3A4 inducer.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	100-105
30973652-6	2019	Methadone exposure was either decreased or unchanged when it was coadministered with weak to strong CYP3A inhibitors or a moderate CYP3A4 inducer.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	131-137
30973652-7	2019	Methadone exposure was reduced when it was coadministered with CYP2B6 inducers.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	63-69
30973652-9	2019	In conclusion, CYP2B6 plays a prominent role in methadone metabolism, although methadone exposure is not sensitive to CYP3A perturbation.	Methadone	48-57	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	15-21
30973652-10	2019	In designing methadone DDI studies, (1) measuring R- and S-methadone is more informative than measuring total methadone, and (2) CYP2B6 genotyping of subjects enrolled in methadone DDI studies should be considered.	Methadone	13-22	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	129-135
30907440-0	2019	Relevance of CYP2B6 and CYP2D6 genotypes to methadone pharmacokinetics and response in the OPAL study.	Methadone	44-53	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	13-19
30907440-0	2019	Relevance of CYP2B6 and CYP2D6 genotypes to methadone pharmacokinetics and response in the OPAL study.	Methadone	44-53	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	24-30
30907440-1	2019	AIMS: Our study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6-G516T and CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms on pharmacokinetic and clinical parameters in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	183-192	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	53-78
30907440-1	2019	AIMS: Our study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6-G516T and CYP2D6 genetic polymorphisms on pharmacokinetic and clinical parameters in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	183-192	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	89-95
30907440-4	2019	RESULTS: When comparing the three CYP2B6 genotype groups, the methadone (R)- and (S)-methadone enantiomer concentrations/doses (concentrations relative to doses) were different (P = .029, P = .0019).	Methadone	62-71	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	34-40
30907440-4	2019	RESULTS: When comparing the three CYP2B6 genotype groups, the methadone (R)- and (S)-methadone enantiomer concentrations/doses (concentrations relative to doses) were different (P = .029, P = .0019).	Methadone	81-94	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	34-40
30907440-7	2019	CONCLUSION: The genotyping of CYP2B6 G516T could be an interesting tool to explore methadone intervariability.	Methadone	83-92	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	30-36
31680075-11	2019	Significant alterations in expression level of apoptosis-related proteins in methadone hydrochloride treated CCRF-CEM cells were found involving upregulation of caspase-8 expression and downregulation of survivin expression.	Methadone	77-100	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	161-170
31680075-12	2019	Methadone hydrochloride induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells involved upregulation of Bid and caspase-8 expression and downregulation of Bcl-2, p21 and survivin expression.	Methadone	0-23	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	82-85
31680075-12	2019	Methadone hydrochloride induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells involved upregulation of Bid and caspase-8 expression and downregulation of Bcl-2, p21 and survivin expression.	Methadone	0-23	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	90-99
31680075-12	2019	Methadone hydrochloride induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells involved upregulation of Bid and caspase-8 expression and downregulation of Bcl-2, p21 and survivin expression.	Methadone	0-23	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	133-138
31680075-12	2019	Methadone hydrochloride induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells involved upregulation of Bid and caspase-8 expression and downregulation of Bcl-2, p21 and survivin expression.	Methadone	0-23	H3 histone pseudogene 16	Homo sapiens	140-143
30982709-9	2019	RESULTS: Significantly higher maximum plasma methadone concentration (mean, 25-46 ng mL-1) occurred in all fluconazole-administered treatments than in methadone alone (1.5 ng mL-1).	Methadone	45-54	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	85-89
30982709-10	2019	The mean 12 hour methadone plasma concentration in fluconazole treatments was 11-20 ng mL-1.	Methadone	17-26	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	87-91
30368523-2	2019	An OPRD1 variant (rs678849) was previously associated with methadone and buprenorphine efficacy in African-Americans with opioid use disorder.	Methadone	59-68	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	3-8
31135380-4	2019	In this issue of the JCI, Cai and collaborators reveal that heteromers between GalR1 and MOR in the rat ventral tegmental area attenuate the potency of methadone, but not other opioids, in stimulating the dopamine release that produces euphoria.	Methadone	152-161	galanin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-84
30763639-4	2019	In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of two opioids (morphine and methadone) against inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated synoviocytes by analyzing microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) expression.	Methadone	80-89	prostaglandin E synthase	Equus caballus	177-214
30763639-4	2019	In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of two opioids (morphine and methadone) against inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated synoviocytes by analyzing microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) expression.	Methadone	80-89	prostaglandin E synthase	Mus musculus	216-223
30763639-4	2019	In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of two opioids (morphine and methadone) against inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated synoviocytes by analyzing microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) expression.	Methadone	80-89	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Equus caballus	229-266
30763639-4	2019	In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of two opioids (morphine and methadone) against inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated synoviocytes by analyzing microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) expression.	Methadone	80-89	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Equus caballus	268-273
30928885-0	2019	The polymorphism of dopamine D2 receptor TaqIA gene is associated with brain response to drug cues in male heroin-dependent individuals during methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	143-152	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	20-40
30906561-8	2019	Furthermore, metabolism of common CYP2B6 probe substrates, methadone and ketamine, is not detected in the presence of brain microsomes.	Methadone	59-68	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	34-40
30866482-1	2019	This study examined whether methadone (hereinafter referred to as MTD) maintenance treatment (MMT) is correlated with sexual dysfunction (SD) in heroin-dependent men.	Methadone	28-37	metallothionein 1E	Homo sapiens	66-69
30146703-0	2019	In vitro evaluation of effects of metformin on morphine and methadone tolerance through mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway.	Methadone	60-69	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	88-117
30654803-2	2019	Through the methadone treatment protocol (MTP), Irish general practice has been a leader in the introduction and expansion of Irish harm reduction services, including opioid substitution treatment (OST), needle and syringe programs (NSP) and naloxone provision.	Methadone	12-21	sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1	Homo sapiens	233-236
31885393-7	2019	All pups with exposure to methadone demonstrated decreased expression of CNP, PLP, and MBP in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.	Methadone	26-35	2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3' phosphodiesterase	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
31885393-7	2019	All pups with exposure to methadone demonstrated decreased expression of CNP, PLP, and MBP in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.	Methadone	26-35	proteolipid protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
31885393-7	2019	All pups with exposure to methadone demonstrated decreased expression of CNP, PLP, and MBP in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.	Methadone	26-35	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
30205091-2	2018	Methadone undergoes N-demethylation by multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes including CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C8.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	48-63
30205091-2	2018	Methadone undergoes N-demethylation by multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes including CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C8.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	65-68
30205091-2	2018	Methadone undergoes N-demethylation by multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes including CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C8.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	88-94
30205091-2	2018	Methadone undergoes N-demethylation by multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes including CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C8.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	96-102
30205091-2	2018	Methadone undergoes N-demethylation by multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes including CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C8.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	104-111
30205091-2	2018	Methadone undergoes N-demethylation by multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes including CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C8.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
30205091-2	2018	Methadone undergoes N-demethylation by multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes including CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C8.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	121-127
30205091-2	2018	Methadone undergoes N-demethylation by multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes including CYP3A4, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C8.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	133-139
30205091-3	2018	In vivo, polymorphism effects on methadone systemic exposure have been noted for CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6.	Methadone	33-42	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	81-87
30205091-3	2018	In vivo, polymorphism effects on methadone systemic exposure have been noted for CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6.	Methadone	33-42	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	89-95
30205091-3	2018	In vivo, polymorphism effects on methadone systemic exposure have been noted for CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2D6.	Methadone	33-42	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	101-107
30205091-5	2018	In general, CYP inhibitors altered methadone exposure with no adverse effects.	Methadone	35-44	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	12-15
30205091-6	2018	CYP inducers generally decreased methadone exposure with some reports of withdrawal symptoms in the subjects.	Methadone	33-42	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
30205091-8	2018	For certain antiviral medicines which are dual inhibitor(s) and inducer(s) for CYP enzymes, their effect on methadone pharmacokinetics can change with time since the effect of induction is usually delayed compared to the effect of inhibition.	Methadone	108-117	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	79-82
30453639-0	2018	The Protective and Restorative Effects of Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 on Methadone-Induced Toxicity In Vitro.	Methadone	93-102	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	42-56
30453639-0	2018	The Protective and Restorative Effects of Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 on Methadone-Induced Toxicity In Vitro.	Methadone	93-102	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-89
30453639-3	2018	This study aims to explore the protective and restorative effects of GH and IGF-1 in methadone-treated cell cultures.	Methadone	85-94	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
30453639-6	2018	To examine the restorative effects, methadone was added for the first 24 h, washed, and later treated with GH or IGF-1 for 48 h. At the end of each experiment, mitochondrial function and membrane integrity were evaluated.	Methadone	36-45	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-118
30453639-7	2018	The results revealed that GH had protective effects in the membrane integrity assay and that both GH and IGF-1 effectively recovered mitochondrial function and membrane integrity in cells pretreated with methadone.	Methadone	204-213	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-110
30453639-8	2018	The overall conclusion of the present study is that GH, but not IGF-1, protects primary cortical cells against methadone-induced toxicity, and that both GH and IGF-1 have a restorative effect on cells pretreated with methadone.	Methadone	217-226	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-165
30420869-0	2018	Methadone Dosage and Plasma Levels, SNPs of OPRM1 Gene and Age of First Drug Use Were Associated With Outcomes of Methadone Maintenance Treatment.	Methadone	114-123	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
30420869-10	2018	The SNPs rs6912029 (OR = 0.021, p = 0.066) and rs6902403 (OR = 0.910, p = 0.007) of the OPRM1 gene, age at first use (OR = 1.118, p = 0.005), and average methadone dosage (OR = 1.033, p = 0.045) were associated with MMT effect.	Methadone	154-163	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
30201214-1	2018	Genetic variations within cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) contribute to inter-individual variation in the metabolism of clinically important drugs, including cyclophosphamide, bupropion, methadone and efavirenz (EFZ).	Methadone	184-193	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	26-45
30201214-1	2018	Genetic variations within cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) contribute to inter-individual variation in the metabolism of clinically important drugs, including cyclophosphamide, bupropion, methadone and efavirenz (EFZ).	Methadone	184-193	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	47-53
29920408-2	2018	The pseudo-first-order rate constants of methadone degradation under acidic conditions ([methadone] = 0.2 muM, [free chlorine] = 4 muM, and pH = 4) for sunlight/FC and sunlight photolysis are 7.0 +- 1.1 x 10-2 min-1 and 1.4 +- 0.2 x 10-2 min-1, respectively.	Methadone	41-50	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	210-243
29920408-2	2018	The pseudo-first-order rate constants of methadone degradation under acidic conditions ([methadone] = 0.2 muM, [free chlorine] = 4 muM, and pH = 4) for sunlight/FC and sunlight photolysis are 7.0 +- 1.1 x 10-2 min-1 and 1.4 +- 0.2 x 10-2 min-1, respectively.	Methadone	89-98	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	210-243
29920408-7	2018	Consequently, a 50% lower methadone degradation rate was observed when deionized (DI) water was replaced with tap water.	Methadone	26-35	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	110-113
30064001-7	2018	RESULTS: Of the 3743 patients identified, those who filled their methadone prescriptions at onsite pharmacies were 77.0% less likely to withdraw from treatment before one year (n = 2605; aHR = 0.230; CI95% = (0.210, 0.253); p &lt; 0.001) when compared to the community (offsite) pharmacy group (n = 1138).	Methadone	65-74	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	187-190
30060048-0	2018	GRK5 Is Associated with the Regulation of Methadone Dosage in Heroin Dependence.	Methadone	42-51	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5	Homo sapiens	0-4
30060048-5	2018	Results: The results indicated that GRK5, the gene encoding an enzyme related to mu-opioid receptor desensitization, is associated with methadone dose by additive model of gene-based association analysis (P=6.76x10-5).	Methadone	136-145	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5	Homo sapiens	36-40
30060048-9	2018	Conclusions: The results suggested an important role for GRK5 in the regulatory mechanisms of methadone dose and course of heroin dependence.	Methadone	94-103	G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5	Homo sapiens	57-61
29916050-6	2018	In studies with human SERT-transfected human HEK293 cells, the synthetic opioids tramadol, meperidine, methadone, tapentadol, and dextromethorphan inhibited SERT, but fentanyl and a number of phenanthrenes including morphine and hydromorphone did not.	Methadone	103-112	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	22-26
29916050-6	2018	In studies with human SERT-transfected human HEK293 cells, the synthetic opioids tramadol, meperidine, methadone, tapentadol, and dextromethorphan inhibited SERT, but fentanyl and a number of phenanthrenes including morphine and hydromorphone did not.	Methadone	103-112	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	157-161
29614330-0	2018	Role of the equine CYP3A94, CYP3A95 and CYP3A97 in ketamine metabolism in presence of medetomidine, diazepam and methadone studied by enantioselective capillary electrophoresis.	Methadone	113-122	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 94	Equus caballus	19-26
29614330-0	2018	Role of the equine CYP3A94, CYP3A95 and CYP3A97 in ketamine metabolism in presence of medetomidine, diazepam and methadone studied by enantioselective capillary electrophoresis.	Methadone	113-122	cytochrome p450 3A95	Equus caballus	28-35
29614330-0	2018	Role of the equine CYP3A94, CYP3A95 and CYP3A97 in ketamine metabolism in presence of medetomidine, diazepam and methadone studied by enantioselective capillary electrophoresis.	Methadone	113-122	cytochrome P450 3A97	Equus caballus	40-47
29458047-0	2018	Effects of cytochrome P450 single nucleotide polymorphisms on methadone metabolism and pharmacodynamics.	Methadone	62-71	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	11-26
29458047-4	2018	Methadone is primarily metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, predominately by CYP2B6, followed by CYP3A4, 2C19, 2D6, and to a lesser extent, CYP2C18, 3A7, 2C8, 2C9, 3A5, and 1A2.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	51-66
29458047-4	2018	Methadone is primarily metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, predominately by CYP2B6, followed by CYP3A4, 2C19, 2D6, and to a lesser extent, CYP2C18, 3A7, 2C8, 2C9, 3A5, and 1A2.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	68-71
29458047-4	2018	Methadone is primarily metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, predominately by CYP2B6, followed by CYP3A4, 2C19, 2D6, and to a lesser extent, CYP2C18, 3A7, 2C8, 2C9, 3A5, and 1A2.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	99-105
29458047-4	2018	Methadone is primarily metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, predominately by CYP2B6, followed by CYP3A4, 2C19, 2D6, and to a lesser extent, CYP2C18, 3A7, 2C8, 2C9, 3A5, and 1A2.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 18	Homo sapiens	162-169
29458047-6	2018	Several SNPs in the CYP2B6, 3A4, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A5 genes result in increases in methadone plasma concentrations, decreased N-demethylation, and decreased methadone clearance.	Methadone	81-90	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	20-26
29458047-6	2018	Several SNPs in the CYP2B6, 3A4, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A5 genes result in increases in methadone plasma concentrations, decreased N-demethylation, and decreased methadone clearance.	Methadone	155-164	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	20-26
29458047-7	2018	In particular, carriers of CYP2B6*6/*6 may have a greater risk for detrimental adverse effects, as methadone metabolism and clearance are diminished in these individuals.	Methadone	99-108	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	27-33
29458047-8	2018	CYP2B6*4, on the other hand, has been observed to decrease plasma concentrations of methadone due to increased methadone clearance.	Methadone	84-93	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
29458047-8	2018	CYP2B6*4, on the other hand, has been observed to decrease plasma concentrations of methadone due to increased methadone clearance.	Methadone	111-120	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
29458047-9	2018	The involvement, contribution, and understanding the role of SNPs in CYP2B6, and other CYP genes, in methadone metabolism can improve the therapeutic uses of methadone in patient outcome and the development of personalized medicine.	Methadone	101-110	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	69-75
29458047-9	2018	The involvement, contribution, and understanding the role of SNPs in CYP2B6, and other CYP genes, in methadone metabolism can improve the therapeutic uses of methadone in patient outcome and the development of personalized medicine.	Methadone	101-110	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	69-72
29458047-9	2018	The involvement, contribution, and understanding the role of SNPs in CYP2B6, and other CYP genes, in methadone metabolism can improve the therapeutic uses of methadone in patient outcome and the development of personalized medicine.	Methadone	158-167	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	69-75
29458047-9	2018	The involvement, contribution, and understanding the role of SNPs in CYP2B6, and other CYP genes, in methadone metabolism can improve the therapeutic uses of methadone in patient outcome and the development of personalized medicine.	Methadone	158-167	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	69-72
29499278-0	2018	A Conformationally Gated Model of Methadone and Loperamide Transport by P-Glycoprotein.	Methadone	34-43	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	72-86
29499278-2	2018	The diphenylpropylamine opioids methadone and loperamide are structurally similar, but loperamide has about a 4-fold higher Pgp-mediated transport rate.	Methadone	32-41	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	124-127
29499278-4	2018	The activation of Pgp-mediated ATP hydrolysis by methadone was monophasic, whereas loperamide activation of ATP hydrolysis was biphasic implying methadone has a single binding site and loperamide has 2 binding sites on Pgp.	Methadone	49-58	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
29499278-4	2018	The activation of Pgp-mediated ATP hydrolysis by methadone was monophasic, whereas loperamide activation of ATP hydrolysis was biphasic implying methadone has a single binding site and loperamide has 2 binding sites on Pgp.	Methadone	145-154	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
29499278-4	2018	The activation of Pgp-mediated ATP hydrolysis by methadone was monophasic, whereas loperamide activation of ATP hydrolysis was biphasic implying methadone has a single binding site and loperamide has 2 binding sites on Pgp.	Methadone	145-154	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	219-222
29499278-6	2018	Acrylamide quenching of tryptophan fluorescence to probe Pgp conformational changes revealed that methadone- and loperamide-induced conformational changes were distinct.	Methadone	98-107	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
29499278-7	2018	These results were used to develop a model for Pgp-mediated transport of methadone and loperamide where opioid binding and conformational changes are used to explain the differences in the opioid transport rates between methadone and loperamide.	Methadone	73-82	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
29499278-7	2018	These results were used to develop a model for Pgp-mediated transport of methadone and loperamide where opioid binding and conformational changes are used to explain the differences in the opioid transport rates between methadone and loperamide.	Methadone	220-229	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
30146992-3	2018	Medication-assisted treatment or MAT (i.e. methadone, buprenorphine) is the gold standard for treatment of opioid use disorder.	Methadone	43-52	methionine adenosyltransferase 1A	Homo sapiens	33-36
29785888-0	2018	The impact of OPRM1"s genetic polymorphisms on methadone maintenance treatment in opioid addicts: a systematic review.	Methadone	47-56	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
29785888-4	2018	It appears that polymorphisms in OPRM1 may affect the efficacy of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).	Methadone	66-75	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
29460263-0	2018	Methadone as anticancer treatment: hype, hope, or hazard?	Methadone	0-9	FIC domain protein adenylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	35-39
29330135-0	2018	APBB2 is associated with amphetamine use and plasma beta-amyloids in patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	88-97	amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
29330135-2	2018	In this study, we reported the first time that the genetic variants in the APBB2 gene were associated with use of amphetamine in opioid dependent patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).	Methadone	166-175	amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 2	Homo sapiens	75-80
29330135-5	2018	Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in APBB2 were selected for association analyses for methadone treatment responses.	Methadone	91-100	amyloid beta precursor protein binding family B member 2	Homo sapiens	42-47
29528915-0	2018	Regarding Methadone and the QTc Interval: Paucity of Clinically Significant Factors in a Retrospective Cohort, Gavin Bart et al.	Methadone	10-19	ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase 2 binding protein	Homo sapiens	117-121
29495204-0	2018	[Association between DRD2 gene polymorphisms and the dosage used on methadone maintenance treatment program].	Methadone	68-77	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	21-25
29495204-1	2018	Objective: To investigate the association between three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genes DRD2 (rs1800497, rs6275, and rs1799978) and the dosage used on methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).	Methadone	162-171	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	99-103
29495204-5	2018	And DRD2 SNPs were genotyped to explore the relationship between polymorphism of DRD2 gene and the dosage of methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	109-118	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	81-85
29495204-10	2018	Conclusion: DRD2 rs6275 was associated with dosage of methadone used for the MMT patients.	Methadone	54-63	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	12-16
29210063-7	2018	KEY RESULTS: Dextromethorphan, l(R)-methadone, racemic methadone, pethidine, tramadol and tapentadol inhibited the SERT at or close to observed drug plasma or estimated brain concentrations in patients.	Methadone	36-45	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	115-119
29210063-14	2018	SERT inhibition by tramadol, tapentadol, methadone, dextromethorphan and pethidine may contribute to the serotonin syndrome.	Methadone	41-50	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
29210063-15	2018	Direct effects on 5-HT1A and/or 5-HT2A receptors could be involved with methadone and pethidine.	Methadone	72-81	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Homo sapiens	18-24
29210063-15	2018	Direct effects on 5-HT1A and/or 5-HT2A receptors could be involved with methadone and pethidine.	Methadone	72-81	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Homo sapiens	32-38
29222992-0	2018	Inflammatory chemokine eotaxin-1 is correlated with age in heroin dependent patients under methadone maintenance therapy.	Methadone	91-100	C-C motif chemokine ligand 11	Homo sapiens	23-32
28574738-0	2018	Characteristics and Outcome of Male and Female Methadone Maintenance Patients: MMT in Tel Aviv and Las Vegas.	Methadone	47-56	ETS variant transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens	86-89
29236562-2	2018	Methadone treatment was developed by Drs.	Methadone	0-9	sushi repeat containing protein X-linked	Homo sapiens	37-40
29333880-6	2018	RESULTS: Genotype for 5-HTTLPR in the SLC6A4 gene was nominally associated with dropout rate when the methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone groups were combined.	Methadone	102-111	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	22-30
29333880-6	2018	RESULTS: Genotype for 5-HTTLPR in the SLC6A4 gene was nominally associated with dropout rate when the methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone groups were combined.	Methadone	102-111	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	38-44
29333880-7	2018	When the most significant variants associated with dropout rate were analyzed using pairwise analyses, SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR) and COMT (Val158Met; rs4860) had nominally significant associations with dropout rate in methadone patients.	Methadone	210-219	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	103-109
29333880-7	2018	When the most significant variants associated with dropout rate were analyzed using pairwise analyses, SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR) and COMT (Val158Met; rs4860) had nominally significant associations with dropout rate in methadone patients.	Methadone	210-219	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	111-119
29333880-7	2018	When the most significant variants associated with dropout rate were analyzed using pairwise analyses, SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR) and COMT (Val158Met; rs4860) had nominally significant associations with dropout rate in methadone patients.	Methadone	210-219	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	125-129
29902803-3	2018	The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between plasma oxytocin level and heroin craving among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment, and to ascertain whether this relationship is moderated by novelty-seeking.	Methadone	127-136	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	68-76
29892317-11	2018	Methadone therapy was associated with lower MMP-9 and TNF-alpha level, and higher SOD and catalase activities two weeks after therapy; showing an improvement in oxidative profile.	Methadone	0-9	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	44-49
29892317-11	2018	Methadone therapy was associated with lower MMP-9 and TNF-alpha level, and higher SOD and catalase activities two weeks after therapy; showing an improvement in oxidative profile.	Methadone	0-9	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	54-63
29892317-11	2018	Methadone therapy was associated with lower MMP-9 and TNF-alpha level, and higher SOD and catalase activities two weeks after therapy; showing an improvement in oxidative profile.	Methadone	0-9	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	82-85
29892317-11	2018	Methadone therapy was associated with lower MMP-9 and TNF-alpha level, and higher SOD and catalase activities two weeks after therapy; showing an improvement in oxidative profile.	Methadone	0-9	catalase	Homo sapiens	90-98
27958381-0	2018	A polymorphism in the OPRM1 3"-untranslated region is associated with methadone efficacy in treating opioid dependence.	Methadone	70-79	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
27958381-1	2018	The mu-opioid receptor (MOR) is the primary target of methadone and buprenorphine.	Methadone	54-63	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	4-22
27958381-1	2018	The mu-opioid receptor (MOR) is the primary target of methadone and buprenorphine.	Methadone	54-63	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	24-27
29337687-5	2017	Correlation coefficient was over 0.999 for the methadone calibration curve in linear range from 50 to 2000 ng mL-1.	Methadone	47-56	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	110-114
28699698-3	2017	This study discovered that the estrogen-response element single nucleotide polymorphism (ERE-SNP; rs16974799, C/T) of cytochrome 2B6 gene (cyp2b6; methadone catabolic enzyme) responded differently to MMT dosing.	Methadone	147-156	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	139-145
29173032-0	2017	Impact of SNP-SNP interaction among ABCB1, ARRB2, DRD1 and OPRD1 on methadone dosage requirement in Han Chinese patients.	Methadone	68-77	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
29173032-0	2017	Impact of SNP-SNP interaction among ABCB1, ARRB2, DRD1 and OPRD1 on methadone dosage requirement in Han Chinese patients.	Methadone	68-77	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	43-48
29173032-0	2017	Impact of SNP-SNP interaction among ABCB1, ARRB2, DRD1 and OPRD1 on methadone dosage requirement in Han Chinese patients.	Methadone	68-77	dopamine receptor D1	Homo sapiens	50-54
29173032-0	2017	Impact of SNP-SNP interaction among ABCB1, ARRB2, DRD1 and OPRD1 on methadone dosage requirement in Han Chinese patients.	Methadone	68-77	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	59-64
29173032-1	2017	AIM: To evaluate the potential association of the genetic polymorphisms in ABCB1, ARRB2, DRD1 and OPRD1 genes with methadone dosage requirement among Han Chinese opioid-dependent patients.	Methadone	115-124	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	75-80
29173032-1	2017	AIM: To evaluate the potential association of the genetic polymorphisms in ABCB1, ARRB2, DRD1 and OPRD1 genes with methadone dosage requirement among Han Chinese opioid-dependent patients.	Methadone	115-124	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	82-87
29173032-1	2017	AIM: To evaluate the potential association of the genetic polymorphisms in ABCB1, ARRB2, DRD1 and OPRD1 genes with methadone dosage requirement among Han Chinese opioid-dependent patients.	Methadone	115-124	dopamine receptor D1	Homo sapiens	89-93
29173032-1	2017	AIM: To evaluate the potential association of the genetic polymorphisms in ABCB1, ARRB2, DRD1 and OPRD1 genes with methadone dosage requirement among Han Chinese opioid-dependent patients.	Methadone	115-124	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
29173032-2	2017	MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: Eight SNPs in ABCB1, ARRB2, DRD1 and OPRD1 genes were selected and genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY platform among 257 methadone maintenance treatment patients.	Methadone	146-155	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	39-44
29173032-2	2017	MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: Eight SNPs in ABCB1, ARRB2, DRD1 and OPRD1 genes were selected and genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY platform among 257 methadone maintenance treatment patients.	Methadone	146-155	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	46-51
29173032-2	2017	MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: Eight SNPs in ABCB1, ARRB2, DRD1 and OPRD1 genes were selected and genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY platform among 257 methadone maintenance treatment patients.	Methadone	146-155	dopamine receptor D1	Homo sapiens	53-57
29173032-2	2017	MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: Eight SNPs in ABCB1, ARRB2, DRD1 and OPRD1 genes were selected and genotyped using Sequenom MassARRAY platform among 257 methadone maintenance treatment patients.	Methadone	146-155	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	62-67
29173032-5	2017	RESULTS: We found that patients carrying the rs529520TG genotype of OPRD1 probably required higher methadone treatment dosage.	Methadone	99-108	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	68-73
29173032-6	2017	A 3-locus SNP-SNP interaction pattern (rs1128503 in ABCB1, rs529520 in OPRD1 and rs1045280 in ARRB2) was significantly associated with the methadone dosage requirement (p = 0.029).	Methadone	139-148	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	52-57
29173032-6	2017	A 3-locus SNP-SNP interaction pattern (rs1128503 in ABCB1, rs529520 in OPRD1 and rs1045280 in ARRB2) was significantly associated with the methadone dosage requirement (p = 0.029).	Methadone	139-148	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
29173032-6	2017	A 3-locus SNP-SNP interaction pattern (rs1128503 in ABCB1, rs529520 in OPRD1 and rs1045280 in ARRB2) was significantly associated with the methadone dosage requirement (p = 0.029).	Methadone	139-148	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	94-99
29173032-7	2017	CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that specific OPRD1 variants and interaction among polymorphisms in ABCB1, OPRD1 and ARRB2 genes contributes to methadone dosage requirement in Han Chinese opioid-dependent patients.	Methadone	146-155	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
29173032-7	2017	CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that specific OPRD1 variants and interaction among polymorphisms in ABCB1, OPRD1 and ARRB2 genes contributes to methadone dosage requirement in Han Chinese opioid-dependent patients.	Methadone	146-155	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
29173032-7	2017	CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that specific OPRD1 variants and interaction among polymorphisms in ABCB1, OPRD1 and ARRB2 genes contributes to methadone dosage requirement in Han Chinese opioid-dependent patients.	Methadone	146-155	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	109-114
29173032-7	2017	CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that specific OPRD1 variants and interaction among polymorphisms in ABCB1, OPRD1 and ARRB2 genes contributes to methadone dosage requirement in Han Chinese opioid-dependent patients.	Methadone	146-155	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	119-124
29145422-0	2017	Missense mutation at CLDN8 associated with a high plasma interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 level in methadone-maintained patients with urine test positive for morphine.	Methadone	104-113	claudin 8	Homo sapiens	21-26
29145422-0	2017	Missense mutation at CLDN8 associated with a high plasma interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 level in methadone-maintained patients with urine test positive for morphine.	Methadone	104-113	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Homo sapiens	57-94
29145422-1	2017	We previously reported a high plasma chemokine interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) level and prolonged electrocardiography QT-interval in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients with HIV or HCV infection.	Methadone	148-157	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Homo sapiens	86-91
28867064-0	2017	Increased DNA Methylation of ABCB1, CYP2D6, and OPRM1 Genes in Newborn Infants of Methadone-Maintained Opioid-Dependent Mothers.	Methadone	82-91	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	29-34
28867064-0	2017	Increased DNA Methylation of ABCB1, CYP2D6, and OPRM1 Genes in Newborn Infants of Methadone-Maintained Opioid-Dependent Mothers.	Methadone	82-91	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	36-42
28867064-0	2017	Increased DNA Methylation of ABCB1, CYP2D6, and OPRM1 Genes in Newborn Infants of Methadone-Maintained Opioid-Dependent Mothers.	Methadone	82-91	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
28650467-9	2017	Methadone, an agonist of OPRM1, enhances the sensitivity of parental leukemic cells, but not OPRM1-depleted cells, to L-asparaginase treatment, indicating that OPRM1 is required for the synergistic action of L-asparaginase and methadone, and that OPRM1 loss promotes leukemic cell survival likely through downregulation of the OPRM1-mediated apoptotic pathway.	Methadone	0-9	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
28650467-9	2017	Methadone, an agonist of OPRM1, enhances the sensitivity of parental leukemic cells, but not OPRM1-depleted cells, to L-asparaginase treatment, indicating that OPRM1 is required for the synergistic action of L-asparaginase and methadone, and that OPRM1 loss promotes leukemic cell survival likely through downregulation of the OPRM1-mediated apoptotic pathway.	Methadone	0-9	asparaginase and isoaspartyl peptidase 1	Homo sapiens	118-132
28650467-9	2017	Methadone, an agonist of OPRM1, enhances the sensitivity of parental leukemic cells, but not OPRM1-depleted cells, to L-asparaginase treatment, indicating that OPRM1 is required for the synergistic action of L-asparaginase and methadone, and that OPRM1 loss promotes leukemic cell survival likely through downregulation of the OPRM1-mediated apoptotic pathway.	Methadone	0-9	asparaginase and isoaspartyl peptidase 1	Homo sapiens	208-222
28650467-9	2017	Methadone, an agonist of OPRM1, enhances the sensitivity of parental leukemic cells, but not OPRM1-depleted cells, to L-asparaginase treatment, indicating that OPRM1 is required for the synergistic action of L-asparaginase and methadone, and that OPRM1 loss promotes leukemic cell survival likely through downregulation of the OPRM1-mediated apoptotic pathway.	Methadone	227-236	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
28844096-7	2017	The relative standard deviations (n = 6) as the intraday and interday precisions of the methadone spike at a concentration of 100 mug L-1 were 5.8% and 8.4% respectively for GC-FID.	Methadone	88-97	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	134-137
28786760-0	2017	Association of OPRK1 gene polymorphisms with opioid dependence in addicted men undergoing methadone treatment in an Iranian population.	Methadone	90-99	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
28723731-0	2017	Combined Effect of CYP2B6 Genotype and Other Candidate Genes on a Steady-State Serum Concentration of Methadone in Opioid Maintenance Treatment.	Methadone	102-111	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	19-25
28723731-2	2017	The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of the reduced function CYP2B6*6 variant allele together with variants in other candidate genes on a steady-state methadone concentration in a naturalistic setting.	Methadone	162-171	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	72-78
28723731-6	2017	The estimated mean methadone C/D ratios was 17.8 nmol L mg for homozygous carriers of CYP2B6*6, which was significantly (P &lt; 0.001) higher than noncarriers (9.2 nmol L mg).	Methadone	19-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	86-92
28723731-8	2017	An increase in mean methadone C/D ratios was also seen for homozygous carriers of CYP3A5*3 and heterozygous carriers of CYP2C9*2 or *3 and CYP2C19*2 or *3.	Methadone	20-29	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	82-88
28723731-8	2017	An increase in mean methadone C/D ratios was also seen for homozygous carriers of CYP3A5*3 and heterozygous carriers of CYP2C9*2 or *3 and CYP2C19*2 or *3.	Methadone	20-29	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	120-126
28723731-8	2017	An increase in mean methadone C/D ratios was also seen for homozygous carriers of CYP3A5*3 and heterozygous carriers of CYP2C9*2 or *3 and CYP2C19*2 or *3.	Methadone	20-29	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	139-146
28723731-9	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Patients homozygous for CYP2B6*6 had a &gt;90% higher methadone C/D ratio.	Methadone	67-76	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	37-43
28723731-10	2017	Genotyping of CYP2B6 may therefore be of value when assessing dose requirements in methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	83-92	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	14-20
29302220-6	2017	In pharmacogenetics of opioid addictions, methadone dose may be regulated by variants in cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6), a methadone-metabolizing enzyme, and by a locus 300 kb 5" to OPRM1.	Methadone	42-51	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	89-108
29302220-6	2017	In pharmacogenetics of opioid addictions, methadone dose may be regulated by variants in cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6), a methadone-metabolizing enzyme, and by a locus 300 kb 5" to OPRM1.	Methadone	42-51	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	110-116
29302220-6	2017	In pharmacogenetics of opioid addictions, methadone dose may be regulated by variants in cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6), a methadone-metabolizing enzyme, and by a locus 300 kb 5" to OPRM1.	Methadone	42-51	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	180-185
29302220-6	2017	In pharmacogenetics of opioid addictions, methadone dose may be regulated by variants in cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6), a methadone-metabolizing enzyme, and by a locus 300 kb 5" to OPRM1.	Methadone	121-130	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	89-108
29302220-6	2017	In pharmacogenetics of opioid addictions, methadone dose may be regulated by variants in cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6), a methadone-metabolizing enzyme, and by a locus 300 kb 5" to OPRM1.	Methadone	121-130	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	110-116
28320034-0	2017	Variations in Infant CYP2B6 Genotype Associated with the Need for Pharmacological Treatment for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in Infants of Methadone-Maintained Opioid-Dependent Mothers.	Methadone	139-148	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
28628854-8	2017	In adjusted analysis, methadone patients who used heroin for 5-10 years (adjusted prevalence ratio; aPR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.10-1.81) and &gt;10years (aPR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.17-1.88) were more likely to be HCV antibody positive, compared to patients who used heroin for &lt;5years.	Methadone	22-31	MAGE family member H1	Homo sapiens	100-105
28628854-8	2017	In adjusted analysis, methadone patients who used heroin for 5-10 years (adjusted prevalence ratio; aPR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.10-1.81) and &gt;10years (aPR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.17-1.88) were more likely to be HCV antibody positive, compared to patients who used heroin for &lt;5years.	Methadone	22-31	MAGE family member H1	Homo sapiens	146-151
28632076-0	2017	Association of OPRD1 Gene Variants with Opioid Dependence in Addicted Male Individuals Undergoing Methadone Treatment in the North of Iran.	Methadone	98-107	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
28482554-5	2017	This modified ECL could present a simple yet sensitive and selective route for the determination of methadone in different samples.	Methadone	100-109	C-C motif chemokine ligand 21	Homo sapiens	14-17
28074831-4	2017	In contrast, RGS9-2 positively modulates the actions of other opioid analgesics, such as fentanyl and methadone.	Methadone	102-111	regulator of G-protein signaling 9	Mus musculus	13-19
28184434-0	2017	Tell-Tale SNPs: The Role of CYP2B6 in Methadone Fatalities.	Methadone	38-47	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	28-34
28184434-4	2017	The purpose of this study was to determine if one or more single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within the CYP2B6 gene contributes to a poor metabolizer phenotype for methadone in these fatal cases.	Methadone	176-185	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	116-122
28184434-9	2017	These results indicate that these three CYP2B6 SNPs are associated with methadone fatalities.	Methadone	72-81	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	40-46
27199033-0	2017	Effects of CYP2C19 variants on methadone metabolism in vitro.	Methadone	31-40	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	11-18
27199033-3	2017	The aim of this study was to clarify the catalytic activities of 31 CYP2C19 alleles on the oxidative in vitro metabolism of methadone.	Methadone	124-133	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	68-75
27199033-9	2017	These findings suggest that more attention should be paid in clinical administration of methadone to individuals carrying these CYP2C19 alleles.	Methadone	88-97	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	128-135
28358908-0	2017	Pharmacogenomics study on cadherin 2 network with regard to HIV infection and methadone treatment outcome.	Methadone	78-87	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	26-36
28358908-5	2017	We found significant correlations among HIV infection status, plasma levels of CDH2, cytokine IL-7, ADAM10, and the treatment responses to methadone.	Methadone	139-148	cadherin 2	Homo sapiens	79-83
28358908-5	2017	We found significant correlations among HIV infection status, plasma levels of CDH2, cytokine IL-7, ADAM10, and the treatment responses to methadone.	Methadone	139-148	interleukin 7	Homo sapiens	94-98
28358908-5	2017	We found significant correlations among HIV infection status, plasma levels of CDH2, cytokine IL-7, ADAM10, and the treatment responses to methadone.	Methadone	139-148	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10	Homo sapiens	100-106
28358908-8	2017	Plasma level of IL-7 was correlated with corrected QT interval (QTc) and gooseflesh skin withdrawal symptom score, while level of ADAM10 was correlated with plasma concentrations of vitamin D metabolite, nicotine metabolite, and R-methadone.	Methadone	229-240	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 10	Homo sapiens	130-136
28263461-6	2017	Initial in vitro studies identified CYP3A4 as metabolizing methadone.	Methadone	59-68	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	36-42
28263461-7	2017	Subsequently, by extrapolation, CYP3A4 was long assumed to be responsible for clinical methadone disposition.	Methadone	87-96	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	32-38
28263461-8	2017	However, CYP2B6 is also a major catalyst of methadone metabolism in vitro.	Methadone	44-53	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	9-15
28263461-9	2017	It has now been unequivocally established that CYP2B6, not CYP3A4, is the principal determinant of methadone metabolism, clearance, elimination, and plasma concentrations in humans.	Methadone	99-108	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	47-53
28263461-11	2017	CYP2B6 genetics also influences methadone metabolism and clearance, which were diminished in CYP2B6*6 carriers and increased in CYP2B6*4 carriers.	Methadone	32-41	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
28263461-11	2017	CYP2B6 genetics also influences methadone metabolism and clearance, which were diminished in CYP2B6*6 carriers and increased in CYP2B6*4 carriers.	Methadone	32-41	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	93-99
28263461-11	2017	CYP2B6 genetics also influences methadone metabolism and clearance, which were diminished in CYP2B6*6 carriers and increased in CYP2B6*4 carriers.	Methadone	32-41	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	93-99
28263461-12	2017	CYP2B6 genetics can explain, in part, interindividual variability in methadone metabolism and clearance.	Methadone	69-78	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
28263461-13	2017	Thus, both constitutive variability due to CYP2B6 genetics, and CYP2B6-mediated drug interactions, can alter methadone disposition, clinical effect, and drug safety.	Methadone	109-118	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	43-49
28263461-13	2017	Thus, both constitutive variability due to CYP2B6 genetics, and CYP2B6-mediated drug interactions, can alter methadone disposition, clinical effect, and drug safety.	Methadone	109-118	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	64-70
27974484-0	2017	Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, R-Methadone, and S-Methadone Upregulate BCRP/ABCG2 Expression by Activating Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Human Placental Trophoblasts.	Methadone	33-44	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	73-77
27974484-0	2017	Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, R-Methadone, and S-Methadone Upregulate BCRP/ABCG2 Expression by Activating Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Human Placental Trophoblasts.	Methadone	33-44	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	78-83
27974484-0	2017	Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, R-Methadone, and S-Methadone Upregulate BCRP/ABCG2 Expression by Activating Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Human Placental Trophoblasts.	Methadone	33-44	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	109-134
27974484-0	2017	Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, R-Methadone, and S-Methadone Upregulate BCRP/ABCG2 Expression by Activating Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Human Placental Trophoblasts.	Methadone	50-61	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	73-77
27974484-0	2017	Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, R-Methadone, and S-Methadone Upregulate BCRP/ABCG2 Expression by Activating Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Human Placental Trophoblasts.	Methadone	50-61	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	78-83
27974484-0	2017	Buprenorphine, Norbuprenorphine, R-Methadone, and S-Methadone Upregulate BCRP/ABCG2 Expression by Activating Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Human Placental Trophoblasts.	Methadone	50-61	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	109-134
28115739-2	2017	Methadone is used to treat opioid dependence (OD), acting as a selective agonist at the mu-opioid receptor encoded by the gene OPRM1.	Methadone	0-9	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	127-132
28115739-5	2017	In African-American (AA) OD subjects (n=383), we identified a genome-wide significant association between therapeutic methadone dose (mean=68.0 mg, s.d.=30.1 mg) and rs73568641 (P=2.8 x 10-8), the nearest gene (306 kilobases) being OPRM1.	Methadone	118-127	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	232-237
28252574-0	2017	ABCB1 Polymorphisms and Cold Pressor Pain Responses: Opioid-Dependent Patients on Methadone Maintenance Therapy.	Methadone	82-91	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
28252574-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Methadone is a substrate of the P-glycoprotein efflux transporter, which is encoded by ABCB1 (MDR1), and thus, ABCB1 polymorphisms may influence the transport of methadone at the blood-brain barrier, affecting its adverse effects.	Methadone	12-21	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	99-104
28252574-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Methadone is a substrate of the P-glycoprotein efflux transporter, which is encoded by ABCB1 (MDR1), and thus, ABCB1 polymorphisms may influence the transport of methadone at the blood-brain barrier, affecting its adverse effects.	Methadone	12-21	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	106-110
28252574-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Methadone is a substrate of the P-glycoprotein efflux transporter, which is encoded by ABCB1 (MDR1), and thus, ABCB1 polymorphisms may influence the transport of methadone at the blood-brain barrier, affecting its adverse effects.	Methadone	12-21	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	123-128
28252574-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Methadone is a substrate of the P-glycoprotein efflux transporter, which is encoded by ABCB1 (MDR1), and thus, ABCB1 polymorphisms may influence the transport of methadone at the blood-brain barrier, affecting its adverse effects.	Methadone	174-183	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	99-104
28252574-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Methadone is a substrate of the P-glycoprotein efflux transporter, which is encoded by ABCB1 (MDR1), and thus, ABCB1 polymorphisms may influence the transport of methadone at the blood-brain barrier, affecting its adverse effects.	Methadone	174-183	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	106-110
28252574-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Methadone is a substrate of the P-glycoprotein efflux transporter, which is encoded by ABCB1 (MDR1), and thus, ABCB1 polymorphisms may influence the transport of methadone at the blood-brain barrier, affecting its adverse effects.	Methadone	174-183	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	123-128
28252574-2	2017	OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the association between ABCB1 polymorphisms and cold pressor pain responses among opioid-dependent patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).	Methadone	147-156	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
28063398-0	2017	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and oxidative stress in heroin-dependent male patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	107-116	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	0-33
26968424-0	2017	In vitro assessment of 24 CYP2D6 allelic isoforms on the metabolism of methadone.	Methadone	71-80	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	26-32
26968424-3	2017	The aim of this study was to clarify the catalytic activities of 24 CYP2D6 alleles on the oxidative in vitro metabolism of methadone.	Methadone	123-132	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	68-74
26968424-9	2017	To sum up, this study demonstrated that more attention should be paid in clinical administration of methadone to individuals carrying these CYP2D6 alleles.	Methadone	100-109	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	140-146
27273149-0	2017	Pharmacokinetic Effects of Isavuconazole Coadministration With the Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Substrates Bupropion, Repaglinide, Caffeine, Dextromethorphan, and Methadone in Healthy Subjects.	Methadone	157-166	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	67-82
28292505-1	2017	OBJECTIVES: To develop key messages for methadone and buprenorphine safety education material based on an analysis of calls to the NYC Poison Control Center (NYC PCC) and designed for distribution to caregivers of young children.	Methadone	40-49	crystallin gamma D	Homo sapiens	162-165
28345744-13	2017	CONCLUSION: A methadone-poisoned child presenting with tachycardia, fever, abnormal AST, or an initial prolonged QTc interval should be managed with great caution.	Methadone	14-23	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	84-87
29457079-14	2017	When warfarin and methadone are used together, we have to consider their interaction by comparing the competitive inhibition of CYP2C9 to the induction of CYP3A4 by methadone, because CYP3A4 metabolize various drugs including oxycodone.	Methadone	18-27	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	128-134
29457079-14	2017	When warfarin and methadone are used together, we have to consider their interaction by comparing the competitive inhibition of CYP2C9 to the induction of CYP3A4 by methadone, because CYP3A4 metabolize various drugs including oxycodone.	Methadone	18-27	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	155-161
29457079-14	2017	When warfarin and methadone are used together, we have to consider their interaction by comparing the competitive inhibition of CYP2C9 to the induction of CYP3A4 by methadone, because CYP3A4 metabolize various drugs including oxycodone.	Methadone	18-27	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	184-190
29457079-14	2017	When warfarin and methadone are used together, we have to consider their interaction by comparing the competitive inhibition of CYP2C9 to the induction of CYP3A4 by methadone, because CYP3A4 metabolize various drugs including oxycodone.	Methadone	165-174	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	155-161
29457079-14	2017	When warfarin and methadone are used together, we have to consider their interaction by comparing the competitive inhibition of CYP2C9 to the induction of CYP3A4 by methadone, because CYP3A4 metabolize various drugs including oxycodone.	Methadone	165-174	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	184-190
27746341-0	2016	Growth hormone is protective against acute methadone-induced toxicity by modulating the NMDA receptor complex.	Methadone	43-52	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	0-14
27746341-3	2016	The aims of the present study were to examine the acute toxic effects of methadone, an opioid receptor agonist and NMDA receptor antagonist, as well as to evaluate the protective properties of recombinant human GH (rhGH) on methadone-induced toxicity.	Methadone	224-233	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	211-213
27746341-9	2016	Furthermore, methadone significantly increased caspase-3 and -7 activation but rhGH was unable to inhibit this effect.	Methadone	13-22	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	47-63
27746341-10	2016	The mRNA expression of the NMDA receptor subunit GluN1, GluN2a, and GluN2b increased following methadone treatment, as assessed by qPCR, and rhGH treatment effectively normalized this expression to control levels.	Methadone	95-104	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
27746341-10	2016	The mRNA expression of the NMDA receptor subunit GluN1, GluN2a, and GluN2b increased following methadone treatment, as assessed by qPCR, and rhGH treatment effectively normalized this expression to control levels.	Methadone	95-104	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Homo sapiens	56-62
27746341-10	2016	The mRNA expression of the NMDA receptor subunit GluN1, GluN2a, and GluN2b increased following methadone treatment, as assessed by qPCR, and rhGH treatment effectively normalized this expression to control levels.	Methadone	95-104	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	68-74
26907924-9	2016	Protein expression of HSP70, HSP105, and Vcp in the Heroin+acupuncture and Heroin+methadone groups was significantly higher than the Heroin group (p&lt;0.01).	Methadone	82-91	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	22-27
26907924-9	2016	Protein expression of HSP70, HSP105, and Vcp in the Heroin+acupuncture and Heroin+methadone groups was significantly higher than the Heroin group (p&lt;0.01).	Methadone	82-91	valosin-containing protein	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
27286724-8	2016	(S)-methadone clearance was influenced by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 activity, ABCB1 3435C&gt;T, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein level, while (R)-methadone clearance was influenced by CYP2B6 activity, POR*28, and CYP3A4*22.	Methadone	0-13	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	42-67
27286724-8	2016	(S)-methadone clearance was influenced by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 activity, ABCB1 3435C&gt;T, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein level, while (R)-methadone clearance was influenced by CYP2B6 activity, POR*28, and CYP3A4*22.	Methadone	0-13	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	78-83
27286724-8	2016	(S)-methadone clearance was influenced by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 activity, ABCB1 3435C&gt;T, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein level, while (R)-methadone clearance was influenced by CYP2B6 activity, POR*28, and CYP3A4*22.	Methadone	0-13	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	181-187
27286724-8	2016	(S)-methadone clearance was influenced by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 activity, ABCB1 3435C&gt;T, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein level, while (R)-methadone clearance was influenced by CYP2B6 activity, POR*28, and CYP3A4*22.	Methadone	0-13	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Homo sapiens	198-201
27286724-8	2016	(S)-methadone clearance was influenced by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 activity, ABCB1 3435C&gt;T, and alpha-1 acid glycoprotein level, while (R)-methadone clearance was influenced by CYP2B6 activity, POR*28, and CYP3A4*22.	Methadone	0-13	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	210-216
28266919-10	2016	A downward trend pattern in cumulative methadone exposure was noted in improvement period 2.	Methadone	39-48	period circadian regulator 2	Homo sapiens	83-91
27061230-3	2016	The main hypothesis of the study was that subjects homozygous for the variant 3435T in ABCB1 (rs1045642) occur more frequently in DOA than in LOA and HV because morphine and methadone more readily cross the blood barrier in these subjects due to a lower efflux transporter activity of the ABCB1 (p-glycoprotein) transporter.	Methadone	174-183	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
27061230-3	2016	The main hypothesis of the study was that subjects homozygous for the variant 3435T in ABCB1 (rs1045642) occur more frequently in DOA than in LOA and HV because morphine and methadone more readily cross the blood barrier in these subjects due to a lower efflux transporter activity of the ABCB1 (p-glycoprotein) transporter.	Methadone	174-183	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	289-294
27061230-3	2016	The main hypothesis of the study was that subjects homozygous for the variant 3435T in ABCB1 (rs1045642) occur more frequently in DOA than in LOA and HV because morphine and methadone more readily cross the blood barrier in these subjects due to a lower efflux transporter activity of the ABCB1 (p-glycoprotein) transporter.	Methadone	174-183	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	296-310
27709010-5	2016	CYP2B6 has been demonstrated to play a role in the metabolism of 2%-10% of clinically used drugs including widely used antineoplastic agents cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide, anesthetics propofol and ketamine, synthetic opioids pethidine and methadone, and the antiretrovirals nevirapine and efavirenz, among others.	Methadone	241-250	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
27284701-0	2016	Relationship between ABCB1 polymorphisms and serum methadone concentration in patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).	Methadone	51-60	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
27284701-0	2016	Relationship between ABCB1 polymorphisms and serum methadone concentration in patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).	Methadone	98-107	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
27284701-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Methadone is a substrate of the permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter, which is encoded by the ABCB1 (MDR1) gene.	Methadone	12-21	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
27284701-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Methadone is a substrate of the permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux transporter, which is encoded by the ABCB1 (MDR1) gene.	Methadone	12-21	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	128-132
27284701-3	2016	Genetic variations in ABCB1 gene may be responsible for the variability in observed methadone concentrations.	Methadone	84-93	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	22-27
27284701-4	2016	OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the associations of ABCB1 polymorphisms and serum methadone concentration over the 24-hour dosing interval in opioid-dependent patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).	Methadone	85-94	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
27284701-4	2016	OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the associations of ABCB1 polymorphisms and serum methadone concentration over the 24-hour dosing interval in opioid-dependent patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).	Methadone	174-183	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
27284701-11	2016	CONCLUSION: There was an association between the CGC/TTT diplotype of ABCB1 polymorphisms and serum methadone concentration over the 24-hour dosing interval among patients on MMT.	Methadone	100-109	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
27284701-12	2016	Genotyping of ABCB1 among opioid-dependent patients on MMT may help individualize and optimize methadone substitution treatment.	Methadone	95-104	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
27289271-0	2016	Relationship between CYP2B6*6 and cold pressor pain sensitivity in opioid dependent patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).	Methadone	96-105	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
27289271-1	2016	BACKGROUND: CYP2B6 polymorphisms contribute to inter-individual variations in pharmacokinetics of methadone.	Methadone	98-107	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	12-18
27289271-3	2016	It is possible, therefore, that genetic polymorphisms in CYP2B6, which affects the metabolism of methadone, influence pain sensitivity among patients on MMT.	Methadone	97-106	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	57-63
27070740-3	2016	Here we compared the effects of repeated daily treatment of rats with morphine or methadone and subsequent naloxone-precipitated withdrawal on the expression of the Per1, Per2, and Avp mRNAs in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and on arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in the pineal gland.	Methadone	82-91	period circadian regulator 2	Rattus norvegicus	171-175
27070740-3	2016	Here we compared the effects of repeated daily treatment of rats with morphine or methadone and subsequent naloxone-precipitated withdrawal on the expression of the Per1, Per2, and Avp mRNAs in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and on arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in the pineal gland.	Methadone	82-91	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	181-184
27070740-3	2016	Here we compared the effects of repeated daily treatment of rats with morphine or methadone and subsequent naloxone-precipitated withdrawal on the expression of the Per1, Per2, and Avp mRNAs in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and on arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in the pineal gland.	Methadone	82-91	aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	229-263
27070740-6	2016	Furthermore, we observed that acute withdrawal from methadone markedly extended the period of high night AA-NAT activity in the pineal gland.	Methadone	52-61	aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	105-111
27803890-11	2016	Predictor variables of one-year retention in Cox proportional hazards model were high methadone dosage, polysubstance abuse and treatment under state clinics.	Methadone	86-95	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	45-48
27108402-3	2016	Culturing early neoplastic dysplastic keratinocytes (DOK(Luc)) on nDP modified scaffolds reduced significantly their subsequent sphere formation ability and decreased significantly the cells" proliferation in the supra-basal layers of in vitro 3D oral neoplastic mucosa (3D-OT) when compared to DOK(Luc) previously cultured on nDP-PHY scaffolds.	Methadone	331-334	norrin cystine knot growth factor NDP	Homo sapiens	66-69
27317580-7	2016	Methadone and fentanyl, but not morphine, induced potent micro-opioid receptor internalization accompanied by the strong recruitment of beta-arrestin-2 in micro-opioid receptor-overexpressing cells.	Methadone	0-9	arrestin, beta 2, pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	136-151
26792136-0	2016	The AC/AG Diplotype for the 118A&gt;G and IVS2 + 691G&gt;C Polymorphisms of OPRM1 Gene is Associated with Sleep Quality Among Opioid-Dependent Patients on Methadone Maintenance Therapy.	Methadone	155-164	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	76-81
26792136-1	2016	INTRODUCTION: Methadone is a full agonist of the opioid receptor mu 1 which is encoded by the OPRM1 gene.	Methadone	14-23	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	49-69
26792136-1	2016	INTRODUCTION: Methadone is a full agonist of the opioid receptor mu 1 which is encoded by the OPRM1 gene.	Methadone	14-23	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	94-99
27346119-0	2016	[Association between beta-arrestin2 genetic polymorphism and response to methadone maintenance treatment in heroin-dependent patients in Han population in Hunan province].	Methadone	73-82	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	21-35
27346119-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To study the distributions of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in beta-arrestin2 (ARRB2) which including rs3786047, rs1045280 and rs2036657 and to elucidate the relationship between these SNPs and response to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) among heroin-dependent patients of Han ethnicity population in Hunan.	Methadone	232-241	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	89-103
27346119-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: To study the distributions of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in beta-arrestin2 (ARRB2) which including rs3786047, rs1045280 and rs2036657 and to elucidate the relationship between these SNPs and response to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) among heroin-dependent patients of Han ethnicity population in Hunan.	Methadone	232-241	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	105-110
27386066-2	2016	It seems that methadone as CYP2C19 inhibitor affects ticlopidine activity in vivo.	Methadone	14-23	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	27-34
26831364-12	2016	Our findings suggest that on-site point-of-care CD4 testing, a peer support system, and trained HIV treatment specialists who are able to counsel HIV-positive clients and initiate them on ART at the methadone clinic could help reduce barriers to timely ART initiation for methadone clients.	Methadone	199-208	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	48-51
26921635-0	2016	Expression levels of OPRM1 and PDYN in human SH-SY5Y cells treated with morphine and methadone.	Methadone	85-94	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
26921635-0	2016	Expression levels of OPRM1 and PDYN in human SH-SY5Y cells treated with morphine and methadone.	Methadone	85-94	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	31-35
26921635-1	2016	AIMS: The opioid receptor mu-1 (OPRM1, site of action for methadone and morphine, OMIM: 600018) and prodynorphin (PDYN, OMIM: 131340) genes are belonging to the endogenous opioid family.	Methadone	58-67	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	10-30
26921635-4	2016	MAIN METHODS: Here we have investigated the alterations of the expression levels of OPRM1 and PDYN genes in response to methadone (final concentrations 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 muM) and morphine (final concentrations 1, 5, 10 muM) in human SH-SY5Y cells (at 1h, 24h, 72 h, 18 days of exposure times).	Methadone	120-129	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
26921635-4	2016	MAIN METHODS: Here we have investigated the alterations of the expression levels of OPRM1 and PDYN genes in response to methadone (final concentrations 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 muM) and morphine (final concentrations 1, 5, 10 muM) in human SH-SY5Y cells (at 1h, 24h, 72 h, 18 days of exposure times).	Methadone	120-129	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	94-98
26921635-6	2016	SIGNIFICANCE: Decreasing the PDYN mRNA levels in cells exposed to morphine for long period times, and increasing the level of PDYN mRNA in methadone treated cells, can interpret why heroine-dependent persons, easily accept methadone therapy.	Methadone	139-148	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	126-130
26921635-6	2016	SIGNIFICANCE: Decreasing the PDYN mRNA levels in cells exposed to morphine for long period times, and increasing the level of PDYN mRNA in methadone treated cells, can interpret why heroine-dependent persons, easily accept methadone therapy.	Methadone	223-232	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	29-33
26921635-6	2016	SIGNIFICANCE: Decreasing the PDYN mRNA levels in cells exposed to morphine for long period times, and increasing the level of PDYN mRNA in methadone treated cells, can interpret why heroine-dependent persons, easily accept methadone therapy.	Methadone	223-232	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	126-130
27010727-0	2016	Genome-Wide Pharmacogenomic Study on Methadone Maintenance Treatment Identifies SNP rs17180299 and Multiple Haplotypes on CYP2B6, SPON1, and GSG1L Associated with Plasma Concentrations of Methadone R- and S-enantiomers in Heroin-Dependent Patients.	Methadone	37-46	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	122-128
27010727-0	2016	Genome-Wide Pharmacogenomic Study on Methadone Maintenance Treatment Identifies SNP rs17180299 and Multiple Haplotypes on CYP2B6, SPON1, and GSG1L Associated with Plasma Concentrations of Methadone R- and S-enantiomers in Heroin-Dependent Patients.	Methadone	37-46	spondin 1	Homo sapiens	130-135
27010727-0	2016	Genome-Wide Pharmacogenomic Study on Methadone Maintenance Treatment Identifies SNP rs17180299 and Multiple Haplotypes on CYP2B6, SPON1, and GSG1L Associated with Plasma Concentrations of Methadone R- and S-enantiomers in Heroin-Dependent Patients.	Methadone	37-46	GSG1 like	Homo sapiens	141-146
27010727-0	2016	Genome-Wide Pharmacogenomic Study on Methadone Maintenance Treatment Identifies SNP rs17180299 and Multiple Haplotypes on CYP2B6, SPON1, and GSG1L Associated with Plasma Concentrations of Methadone R- and S-enantiomers in Heroin-Dependent Patients.	Methadone	188-197	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	122-128
27010727-0	2016	Genome-Wide Pharmacogenomic Study on Methadone Maintenance Treatment Identifies SNP rs17180299 and Multiple Haplotypes on CYP2B6, SPON1, and GSG1L Associated with Plasma Concentrations of Methadone R- and S-enantiomers in Heroin-Dependent Patients.	Methadone	188-197	spondin 1	Homo sapiens	130-135
27010727-0	2016	Genome-Wide Pharmacogenomic Study on Methadone Maintenance Treatment Identifies SNP rs17180299 and Multiple Haplotypes on CYP2B6, SPON1, and GSG1L Associated with Plasma Concentrations of Methadone R- and S-enantiomers in Heroin-Dependent Patients.	Methadone	188-197	GSG1 like	Homo sapiens	141-146
27010727-8	2016	In addition, 17 haplotypes were identified on SPON1, GSG1L, and CYP450 genes associated with the plasma concentration of methadone S-enantiomer.	Methadone	121-130	spondin 1	Homo sapiens	46-51
27010727-8	2016	In addition, 17 haplotypes were identified on SPON1, GSG1L, and CYP450 genes associated with the plasma concentration of methadone S-enantiomer.	Methadone	121-130	GSG1 like	Homo sapiens	53-58
27010727-10	2016	The association between the S-methadone plasma concentration and CYP2B6, SPON1, and GSG1L were replicated in another independent study.	Methadone	28-39	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	65-71
27010727-10	2016	The association between the S-methadone plasma concentration and CYP2B6, SPON1, and GSG1L were replicated in another independent study.	Methadone	28-39	spondin 1	Homo sapiens	73-78
27010727-10	2016	The association between the S-methadone plasma concentration and CYP2B6, SPON1, and GSG1L were replicated in another independent study.	Methadone	28-39	GSG1 like	Homo sapiens	84-89
26513313-1	2016	There is a paucity of data to aid in assessing whether postmortem methadone findings in breastfed infants are clinically and/or toxicologically significant.	Methadone	66-75	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	30-33
28503120-0	2016	A two-week pilot study of intranasal oxytocin for cocaine-dependent individuals receiving methadone maintenance treatment for opioid use disorder.	Methadone	90-99	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	37-45
27515451-0	2016	CYP2B6 and OPRM1 Receptor Polymorphisms at Methadone Clinics And Novel OPRM1 Haplotypes: A Cross-Sectional Study.	Methadone	43-52	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
27515451-0	2016	CYP2B6 and OPRM1 Receptor Polymorphisms at Methadone Clinics And Novel OPRM1 Haplotypes: A Cross-Sectional Study.	Methadone	43-52	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	11-16
27515451-0	2016	CYP2B6 and OPRM1 Receptor Polymorphisms at Methadone Clinics And Novel OPRM1 Haplotypes: A Cross-Sectional Study.	Methadone	43-52	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
27515451-2	2016	Methadone responsiveness, however, is affected by a range of CYP450 enzymes and OPRM1 polymorphisms.	Methadone	0-9	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
27515451-3	2016	OBJECTIVE: This study sought to detect CYP2B6 and OPRM1 variants and their genotypes, as major contributors to inter-variability in methadone responsiveness and methadone dose requirements.	Methadone	132-141	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	39-45
27515451-3	2016	OBJECTIVE: This study sought to detect CYP2B6 and OPRM1 variants and their genotypes, as major contributors to inter-variability in methadone responsiveness and methadone dose requirements.	Methadone	132-141	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
27515451-3	2016	OBJECTIVE: This study sought to detect CYP2B6 and OPRM1 variants and their genotypes, as major contributors to inter-variability in methadone responsiveness and methadone dose requirements.	Methadone	161-170	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	39-45
27515451-3	2016	OBJECTIVE: This study sought to detect CYP2B6 and OPRM1 variants and their genotypes, as major contributors to inter-variability in methadone responsiveness and methadone dose requirements.	Methadone	161-170	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
26581429-0	2015	The Opposing Roles of IVS2+691 CC Genotype and AC/AG Diplotype of 118A&gt;G and IVS2+691G&gt;C of OPRM1 Polymorphisms in Cold Pain Tolerance Among Opioid-Dependent Malay Males on Methadone Therapy.	Methadone	179-188	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
26389554-0	2015	Methadone Pharmacogenetics: CYP2B6 Polymorphisms Determine Plasma Concentrations, Clearance, and Metabolism.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	28-34
26389554-2	2015	Cytochrome P4502B6 (CYP2B6) is the principle determinant of clinical methadone elimination.	Methadone	69-78	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	20-26
26389554-4	2015	CYP2B6.6, the protein encoded by the CYP2B6*6 polymorphism, deficiently catalyzes methadone metabolism in vitro.	Methadone	82-91	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
26389554-4	2015	CYP2B6.6, the protein encoded by the CYP2B6*6 polymorphism, deficiently catalyzes methadone metabolism in vitro.	Methadone	82-91	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	37-43
26389554-5	2015	This investigation determined the influence of CYP2B6*6, and other allelic variants encountered, on methadone concentrations, clearance, and metabolism.	Methadone	100-109	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	47-53
26389554-8	2015	RESULTS: Average S-methadone apparent oral clearance was 35 and 45% lower in CYP2B6*1/*6 and CYP2B6*6/*6 genotypes, respectively, compared with CYP2B6*1/*1.	Methadone	19-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	77-83
26389554-8	2015	RESULTS: Average S-methadone apparent oral clearance was 35 and 45% lower in CYP2B6*1/*6 and CYP2B6*6/*6 genotypes, respectively, compared with CYP2B6*1/*1.	Methadone	19-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	93-99
26389554-8	2015	RESULTS: Average S-methadone apparent oral clearance was 35 and 45% lower in CYP2B6*1/*6 and CYP2B6*6/*6 genotypes, respectively, compared with CYP2B6*1/*1.	Methadone	19-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	93-99
26389554-9	2015	R-methadone apparent oral clearance was 25 and 35% lower in CYP2B6*1/*6 and CYP2B6*6/*6 genotypes, respectively, compared with CYP2B6*1/*1.	Methadone	0-11	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	60-66
26389554-9	2015	R-methadone apparent oral clearance was 25 and 35% lower in CYP2B6*1/*6 and CYP2B6*6/*6 genotypes, respectively, compared with CYP2B6*1/*1.	Methadone	0-11	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	76-82
26389554-9	2015	R-methadone apparent oral clearance was 25 and 35% lower in CYP2B6*1/*6 and CYP2B6*6/*6 genotypes, respectively, compared with CYP2B6*1/*1.	Methadone	0-11	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	76-82
26389554-12	2015	Methadone metabolism and clearance were lower in African Americans in part because of the CYP2B6*6 genetic polymorphism.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	90-96
26389554-13	2015	CONCLUSIONS: CYP2B6 polymorphisms influence methadone plasma concentrations, because of altered methadone metabolism and thus clearance.	Methadone	44-53	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	13-19
26389554-13	2015	CONCLUSIONS: CYP2B6 polymorphisms influence methadone plasma concentrations, because of altered methadone metabolism and thus clearance.	Methadone	96-105	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	13-19
26389554-15	2015	CYP2B6 pharmacogenetics explains, in part, interindividual variability in methadone elimination.	Methadone	74-83	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
26389554-16	2015	CYP2B6 genetic effects on methadone metabolism and clearance may identify subjects at risk for methadone toxicity and drug interactions.	Methadone	26-35	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
26389554-16	2015	CYP2B6 genetic effects on methadone metabolism and clearance may identify subjects at risk for methadone toxicity and drug interactions.	Methadone	95-104	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
26437921-0	2015	Contribution of BDNF and DRD2 genetic polymorphisms to continued opioid use in patients receiving methadone treatment for opioid use disorder: an observational study.	Methadone	98-107	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	16-20
26437921-3	2015	The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) polymorphisms on continued opioid use among patients on methadone treatment for opioid use disorder.	Methadone	184-193	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	55-88
26331953-0	2015	A cannabinoid receptor 1 polymorphism is protective against major depressive disorder in methadone-maintained outpatients.	Methadone	89-98	cannabinoid receptor 1	Homo sapiens	2-24
25997674-3	2015	Cox Proportional Hazards ratios for patients treated with either methadone or buprenorphine showed approximately 50% lower risk of relapse than behavioral treatment without OAT.	Methadone	65-74	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	0-3
26101066-14	2015	In isolated small mesenteric arteries precontracted by K(+) 62mM or endothelin-1, methadone (1-30muM) relaxed vessels while morphine (1-100muM) had no effect.	Methadone	82-91	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-80
25897175-0	2015	Differences in Methadone Metabolism by CYP2B6 Variants.	Methadone	15-24	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	39-45
25897175-2	2015	Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) mediates clinical methadone clearance and metabolic inactivation via N-demethylation to 2-ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP).	Methadone	47-56	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-19
25897175-2	2015	Cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) mediates clinical methadone clearance and metabolic inactivation via N-demethylation to 2-ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP).	Methadone	47-56	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
25897175-3	2015	Retrospective studies suggest that individuals with the CYP2B6*6 allelic variant have higher methadone plasma concentrations.	Methadone	93-102	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	56-62
25897175-5	2015	This investigation evaluated methadone N-demethylation by expressed human CYP2B6 allelic variants in an insect cell coexpression system containing P450 reductase.	Methadone	29-38	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	74-80
25897175-7	2015	EDDP formation from therapeutic (0.25-1 muM) R- and S-methadone concentrations was CYP2B6.4 &gt;= CYP2B6.1 &gt;= CYP2B6.5 &gt;&gt; CYP2B6.9   CYP2B6.6, and undetectable from CYP2B6.18.	Methadone	54-63	latexin	Homo sapiens	40-43
25897175-7	2015	EDDP formation from therapeutic (0.25-1 muM) R- and S-methadone concentrations was CYP2B6.4 &gt;= CYP2B6.1 &gt;= CYP2B6.5 &gt;&gt; CYP2B6.9   CYP2B6.6, and undetectable from CYP2B6.18.	Methadone	54-63	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	83-89
25897175-7	2015	EDDP formation from therapeutic (0.25-1 muM) R- and S-methadone concentrations was CYP2B6.4 &gt;= CYP2B6.1 &gt;= CYP2B6.5 &gt;&gt; CYP2B6.9   CYP2B6.6, and undetectable from CYP2B6.18.	Methadone	54-63	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	98-104
25897175-7	2015	EDDP formation from therapeutic (0.25-1 muM) R- and S-methadone concentrations was CYP2B6.4 &gt;= CYP2B6.1 &gt;= CYP2B6.5 &gt;&gt; CYP2B6.9   CYP2B6.6, and undetectable from CYP2B6.18.	Methadone	54-63	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	98-104
25897175-7	2015	EDDP formation from therapeutic (0.25-1 muM) R- and S-methadone concentrations was CYP2B6.4 &gt;= CYP2B6.1 &gt;= CYP2B6.5 &gt;&gt; CYP2B6.9   CYP2B6.6, and undetectable from CYP2B6.18.	Methadone	54-63	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	98-104
25897175-7	2015	EDDP formation from therapeutic (0.25-1 muM) R- and S-methadone concentrations was CYP2B6.4 &gt;= CYP2B6.1 &gt;= CYP2B6.5 &gt;&gt; CYP2B6.9   CYP2B6.6, and undetectable from CYP2B6.18.	Methadone	54-63	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	98-104
25897175-7	2015	EDDP formation from therapeutic (0.25-1 muM) R- and S-methadone concentrations was CYP2B6.4 &gt;= CYP2B6.1 &gt;= CYP2B6.5 &gt;&gt; CYP2B6.9   CYP2B6.6, and undetectable from CYP2B6.18.	Methadone	54-63	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	98-104
25897175-10	2015	Stereoselective methadone metabolism (S&gt;R) was maintained with all CYP2B6 variants.	Methadone	16-25	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	70-76
25897175-11	2015	These results show that methadone N-demethylation by CYP2B6.4 is greater compared with CYP2B6.1, whereas CYP2B6.9 and CYP2B6.6 (which both contain the 516G&gt;T, Q172H polymorphism), are catalytically deficient.	Methadone	24-33	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	53-59
25897175-13	2015	Differences in methadone metabolism by CYP2B6 allelic variants provide a mechanistic understanding of pharmacogenetic variability in clinical methadone metabolism and clearance.	Methadone	15-24	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	39-45
25897175-13	2015	Differences in methadone metabolism by CYP2B6 allelic variants provide a mechanistic understanding of pharmacogenetic variability in clinical methadone metabolism and clearance.	Methadone	142-151	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	39-45
26227254-6	2015	CYP2B6 pharmacogenetic testing of methadone may reduce the risk of cardiac toxicity associated with the S-enantiomer.	Methadone	34-43	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
26011641-3	2015	The most abundant set of Oprm1 variants encode classical full-length 7 transmembrane domain (7TM) mu-opioid receptors that mediate the actions of the traditional mu-opioid drugs morphine and methadone.	Methadone	191-200	opioid receptor, mu 1	Mus musculus	25-30
25556837-6	2015	A modest correlation was observed between liver/intestinal CYP3A4 activity and methadone dose at steady state (Spearman rank correlation coefficient [rs ] = 0.21, P = 0.06) but not with highest dose ever used (rs = 0.15, P = 0.18) or dose-normalized R,S-methadone trough concentrations (rs = -0.05, P = 0.64).	Methadone	79-88	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	59-65
25556837-7	2015	Concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitors only affected the relationship between methadone dose and R,S-methadone trough concentration.	Methadone	69-78	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	12-18
26009835-7	2015	Clients receiving high methadone doses (&gt;= 85 mg/d) [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.68, 95% CI: 1.03 to 2.74] had higher likelihood of CD4 screening than those receiving low doses (&lt;85 mg/d).	Methadone	23-32	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	138-141
25801005-3	2015	Methadone is N-demethylated to 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) by CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 in vitro, but by CYP2B6 in vivo.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	91-97
25801005-3	2015	Methadone is N-demethylated to 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) by CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 in vitro, but by CYP2B6 in vivo.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	102-108
25801005-3	2015	Methadone is N-demethylated to 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) by CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 in vitro, but by CYP2B6 in vivo.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	126-132
25358852-3	2015	OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the consequences of two administration patterns of methadone and buprenorphine on striatal dopamine D1 (D1R) and D2 (D2R) receptor levels.	Methadone	76-85	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	142-145
25849355-5	2015	Thus, endocytosis resulting from the simultaneous activation of co-expressed MOP and serotonin 5-HT2C receptors by morphine plus serotonin was significantly different, in kinetics as well as in maximal response parameters, from the one caused by DAMGO, sufentanyl or methadone.	Methadone	267-276	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C	Homo sapiens	95-101
25196810-7	2015	The Ki values for methadone were 6.3 muM in SH-EP1-halpha7 cells and 19.4 muM and 1008 muM in SH-SY5Y cells.	Methadone	18-27	latexin	Homo sapiens	37-40
25196810-7	2015	The Ki values for methadone were 6.3 muM in SH-EP1-halpha7 cells and 19.4 muM and 1008 muM in SH-SY5Y cells.	Methadone	18-27	latexin	Homo sapiens	74-77
25196810-7	2015	The Ki values for methadone were 6.3 muM in SH-EP1-halpha7 cells and 19.4 muM and 1008 muM in SH-SY5Y cells.	Methadone	18-27	latexin	Homo sapiens	74-77
25903311-0	2015	A Possible Mechanistic Link Between the CYP2C19 Genotype, the Methadone Metabolite Ethylidene-1,5-Dimethyl-3,3-Diphenylpyrrolidene (EDDP), and Methadone-Induced Corrected QT Interval Prolongation in a Pilot Study.	Methadone	62-71	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	40-47
25903311-0	2015	A Possible Mechanistic Link Between the CYP2C19 Genotype, the Methadone Metabolite Ethylidene-1,5-Dimethyl-3,3-Diphenylpyrrolidene (EDDP), and Methadone-Induced Corrected QT Interval Prolongation in a Pilot Study.	Methadone	143-152	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	40-47
25660662-4	2015	The results show that production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly higher in the group of methadone-maintained patients than in the healthy control group.	Methadone	101-110	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	36-44
25660662-4	2015	The results show that production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly higher in the group of methadone-maintained patients than in the healthy control group.	Methadone	101-110	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	46-50
25660662-4	2015	The results show that production of IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly higher in the group of methadone-maintained patients than in the healthy control group.	Methadone	101-110	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	55-59
25660662-5	2015	Plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were significantly correlated with the dairy methadone dosage administered, and the IL-1beta level was significantly correlated with the duration of methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	78-87	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	7-16
25660662-5	2015	Plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were significantly correlated with the dairy methadone dosage administered, and the IL-1beta level was significantly correlated with the duration of methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	78-87	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	21-25
25660662-5	2015	Plasma TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were significantly correlated with the dairy methadone dosage administered, and the IL-1beta level was significantly correlated with the duration of methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	182-191	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	117-125
25889208-9	2015	CONCLUSION: Illicit use of methadone and buprenorphine involve risks but may also have important roles to play for users who are unwilling or not given the opportunity to enter OST.	Methadone	27-36	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase non-catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	177-180
25834861-3	2015	C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) expression on CD4+ cells was higher in heroin (P = 0.007), methadone (P = 0.024) and former opioid users (P = 0.003) compared to nonusers, whereas production of RANTES and other CCR5 ligands was similar or lower.	Methadone	96-105	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	0-29
25834861-3	2015	C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) expression on CD4+ cells was higher in heroin (P = 0.007), methadone (P = 0.024) and former opioid users (P = 0.003) compared to nonusers, whereas production of RANTES and other CCR5 ligands was similar or lower.	Methadone	96-105	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	31-35
25834861-3	2015	C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) expression on CD4+ cells was higher in heroin (P = 0.007), methadone (P = 0.024) and former opioid users (P = 0.003) compared to nonusers, whereas production of RANTES and other CCR5 ligands was similar or lower.	Methadone	96-105	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	51-54
25445698-11	2015	The nDP-PHY scaffolds used here in critical-sized bone defects for the first time appear to have promise compared to growth factors adsorbed onto a polymer alone and the short distance effect prevents adverse systemic side effects.	Methadone	8-11	norrin cystine knot growth factor NDP	Homo sapiens	4-7
25823631-6	2015	RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The genetic variability of mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors genes OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1 modulates the efficacy of opioid antagonist treatments such as naltrexone and methadone, as well as the cocaine vaccine.	Methadone	199-208	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	97-102
25823631-6	2015	RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The genetic variability of mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors genes OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1 modulates the efficacy of opioid antagonist treatments such as naltrexone and methadone, as well as the cocaine vaccine.	Methadone	199-208	opioid receptor delta 1	Homo sapiens	104-109
25823631-6	2015	RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The genetic variability of mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors genes OPRM1, OPRD1, and OPRK1 modulates the efficacy of opioid antagonist treatments such as naltrexone and methadone, as well as the cocaine vaccine.	Methadone	199-208	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	115-120
25012584-8	2015	RESULTS: Methadone (IC50 86-119 microM) is a state-dependent and unselective blocker on Nav1.2, Nav1.3, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8 with a potency comparable with that of bupivacaine (IC50 177 microM).	Methadone	9-18	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, alpha	Mus musculus	88-94
25012584-8	2015	RESULTS: Methadone (IC50 86-119 microM) is a state-dependent and unselective blocker on Nav1.2, Nav1.3, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8 with a potency comparable with that of bupivacaine (IC50 177 microM).	Methadone	9-18	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type III, alpha	Mus musculus	96-102
25012584-8	2015	RESULTS: Methadone (IC50 86-119 microM) is a state-dependent and unselective blocker on Nav1.2, Nav1.3, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8 with a potency comparable with that of bupivacaine (IC50 177 microM).	Methadone	9-18	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type IX, alpha	Mus musculus	104-110
25012584-8	2015	RESULTS: Methadone (IC50 86-119 microM) is a state-dependent and unselective blocker on Nav1.2, Nav1.3, Nav1.7, and Nav1.8 with a potency comparable with that of bupivacaine (IC50 177 microM).	Methadone	9-18	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type X, alpha	Mus musculus	116-122
25012584-11	2015	Methadone is also a weak blocker of HCN2 channels.	Methadone	0-9	hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated K+ 2	Mus musculus	36-40
26346534-0	2015	Clinical Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suan Zao Ren Tang, for Sleep Disturbance during Methadone Maintenance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.	Methadone	99-108	renin	Homo sapiens	60-63
26346534-3	2015	The purpose of this study was to determine whether Suan Zao Ren Tang, one of the most commonly prescribed traditional Chinese medications for treatment of insomnia, improves subjective sleep among methadone-maintained persons with disturbed sleep quality.	Methadone	197-206	renin	Homo sapiens	60-63
26346534-7	2015	Suan Zao Ren Tang is effective for improving sleep quality and sleep efficiency among methadone-maintained patients with sleep complaints.	Methadone	86-95	renin	Homo sapiens	9-12
25984958-2	2015	Harm reduction programs such as methadone and needle- and syringe-exchange (NEP/SEP) are empirically demonstrated to reduce HIV transmission, yet are believed largely opposed by Black communities.	Methadone	32-41	membrane metalloendopeptidase	Homo sapiens	76-79
25984958-2	2015	Harm reduction programs such as methadone and needle- and syringe-exchange (NEP/SEP) are empirically demonstrated to reduce HIV transmission, yet are believed largely opposed by Black communities.	Methadone	32-41	membrane metalloendopeptidase like 1	Homo sapiens	80-83
25871910-0	2015	Association between Blood Level of Plasma Oxytocin and Novelty Seeking among Methadone-Maintained Heroin Users.	Methadone	77-86	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	42-50
25072223-2	2014	In vitro and animal studies suggest that methadone is a substrate for the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein, and that P-glycoprotein-mediated transport influences brain access and pharmacologic effect.	Methadone	41-50	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	93-107
25072223-2	2014	In vitro and animal studies suggest that methadone is a substrate for the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein, and that P-glycoprotein-mediated transport influences brain access and pharmacologic effect.	Methadone	41-50	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	118-132
24644198-6	2014	RESULTS: Methadone, oxycodone and diamorphine inhibited the production of IL-6 by IL-2 stimulated PBMCs.	Methadone	9-18	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	74-78
24644198-6	2014	RESULTS: Methadone, oxycodone and diamorphine inhibited the production of IL-6 by IL-2 stimulated PBMCs.	Methadone	9-18	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
25456329-8	2014	The presence of the rs3745274 minor allele (CYP2B6 515G&gt;T) reduced CL/F by up to 20% for S-methadone only.	Methadone	92-103	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	44-50
25217544-2	2014	CYP3A4 is one of the primary CYP450 isoforms responsible for the metabolism of methadone to EDDP in humans.	Methadone	79-88	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
25217544-3	2014	The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of CYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms in accidental methadone fatalities.	Methadone	97-106	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	54-60
25217544-9	2014	Our findings indicate that there may be two or more SNPs on the CYP3A4 gene that cause or contribute to the methadone poor metabolizer phenotype.	Methadone	108-117	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	64-70
25009109-12	2014	T84 CFTR knockdown cells responded separately to lubiprostone and forskolin-IBMX in a methadone-sensitive and DASU-02-insensitive manner, indicating ClC-2 function.	Methadone	86-95	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	4-8
25009109-14	2014	Methadone, but not DASU-02, inhibited ClC-2.	Methadone	0-9	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	38-43
24813900-0	2014	OPRM1 polymorphism and lifetime suicide attempts among stabilized, methadone-maintained outpatients.	Methadone	67-76	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
24875677-3	2014	Methadone is the most prescribed heroin maintenance treatment and is known to inhibit the cardiac potassium channel hERG, which recapitulates IKr.	Methadone	0-9	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	116-120
24875677-4	2014	In order to evaluate if any polymorphism of potassium channels" genes could explain some of the "idiosyncratic" QT prolongations observed in patients treated with methadone, we tested the association between KCNE1, KCNE2, and KCNH2 polymorphism and the QT interval prolongation in those patients, controlling for other variables associated with a decrease of the repolarizing reserve.	Methadone	163-172	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 1	Homo sapiens	208-213
24875677-4	2014	In order to evaluate if any polymorphism of potassium channels" genes could explain some of the "idiosyncratic" QT prolongations observed in patients treated with methadone, we tested the association between KCNE1, KCNE2, and KCNH2 polymorphism and the QT interval prolongation in those patients, controlling for other variables associated with a decrease of the repolarizing reserve.	Methadone	163-172	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	226-231
24875677-9	2014	CONCLUSION: KCNH2 genotyping may be relevant in the analysis of cumulative risk factors for QT prolongation in patients on methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	123-132	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	12-17
25017386-5	2014	The opioid antagonists naltrexone, naltrindole and nor-binaltorphimine, suggests that the synergism of morphine combinations are due to the activation of MOR subtypes with partially contribution of DOR and KOR, however fentanyl and methadone combinations are partially due to the activation of MOR and DOR subtypes and KOR lack of participation.	Methadone	232-241	opioid receptor, mu 1	Mus musculus	154-157
24699532-3	2014	To investigate the potential clinical applications for point-of-care detection and real-time monitoring, we perform SERS detection of ten pharmaceutical compounds (hydrocodone, levorphanol, morphine, oxycodone, methadone, phenobarbital, dopamine, diltiazem, promethazine, and mitoxantrone).	Methadone	211-220	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	116-120
24956251-4	2014	RESULTS: Methadone dose (p = 0.007) and tolerance (p = 0.06) were mainly influenced by CYP2C19 gene dose.	Methadone	9-18	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	87-94
24956251-5	2014	Moreover, dominant influence of the CYP2C19 gene dose on methadone dose and tolerance was only found among MMT patients with negative urine morphine test results, but not among those with positive results.	Methadone	57-66	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	36-43
24956251-6	2014	CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that CYP2C19 gene dose may serve as a potential indicator for assessing methadone dose and tolerance in MMT patients.	Methadone	105-114	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	38-45
24850608-1	2014	AIMS: Evaluation of State Opioid Substitution Treatment OST (methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone- Addnok-N) program in Georgia and optimization of the routine measurement instrument.	Methadone	61-70	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase non-catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	56-59
24500275-8	2014	Methadone significantly increased temazepam and oxazepam urinary fractions via CYP3A4 inhibition, whereas fluoxetine and esomeprazole increased nordiazepam fractions via CYP2C19 inhibition.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	79-85
24525640-0	2014	The association of genetic polymorphisms in the kappa-opioid receptor 1 gene with body weight, alcohol use, and withdrawal symptoms in patients with methadone maintenance.	Methadone	149-158	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	48-69
24525640-1	2014	Methadone is a synthetic opioid that binds to the kappa-opioid receptor with a low affinity.	Methadone	0-9	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	50-71
24525640-2	2014	This study tested the hypotheses that the genetic polymorphisms in the kappa-opioid receptor 1 (OPRK1) gene region are associated with methadone treatment responses in a Taiwan methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) cohort.	Methadone	135-144	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	71-92
24525640-2	2014	This study tested the hypotheses that the genetic polymorphisms in the kappa-opioid receptor 1 (OPRK1) gene region are associated with methadone treatment responses in a Taiwan methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) cohort.	Methadone	135-144	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	96-101
24525640-2	2014	This study tested the hypotheses that the genetic polymorphisms in the kappa-opioid receptor 1 (OPRK1) gene region are associated with methadone treatment responses in a Taiwan methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) cohort.	Methadone	177-186	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	71-92
24525640-2	2014	This study tested the hypotheses that the genetic polymorphisms in the kappa-opioid receptor 1 (OPRK1) gene region are associated with methadone treatment responses in a Taiwan methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) cohort.	Methadone	177-186	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	96-101
24798712-0	2014	Role of ALDH5A1 in methadone treatment.	Methadone	19-28	aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family member A1	Homo sapiens	8-15
23834474-5	2014	For verification, the pregnancy-related changes in the disposition of methadone (cleared by CYP2B6, 3A and 2C19) and glyburide (cleared by CYP3A, 2C9 and 2C19) were predicted.	Methadone	70-79	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	92-98
24230997-0	2014	ALDH5A1 variability in opioid dependent patients could influence response to methadone treatment.	Methadone	77-86	aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family member A1	Homo sapiens	0-7
24230997-2	2014	We genotyped a genetic variant in the succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase enzyme gene, ALDH5A1, and found that subjects carrying the T variant allele have a higher risk to be nonresponders to methadone treatment (OR=3.16; 95% CI [1.48-6.73], P=0.0024).	Methadone	192-201	aldehyde dehydrogenase 5 family member A1	Homo sapiens	87-94
24396053-8	2014	CYP2D6 inhibition with paroxetine, fluoxetine, bupropion and methadone significantly decreased the fraction of morphine excreted.	Methadone	61-70	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
24489693-0	2014	Impact of ABCB1 and CYP2B6 genetic polymorphisms on methadone metabolism, dose and treatment response in patients with opioid addiction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	Methadone	52-61	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	10-15
24489693-0	2014	Impact of ABCB1 and CYP2B6 genetic polymorphisms on methadone metabolism, dose and treatment response in patients with opioid addiction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	Methadone	52-61	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	20-26
24489693-2	2014	OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the CYP2B6*6 or ABCB1 (rs1045642) polymorphisms are associated with variation in methadone response (plasma concentration, dose, or response to treatment).	Methadone	114-123	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	37-43
24489693-4	2014	We included studies that reported methadone plasma concentration, methadone response, or methadone dose in relation to the CYP2B6*6 or ABCB1 polymorphisms.	Methadone	34-43	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	123-129
24489693-4	2014	We included studies that reported methadone plasma concentration, methadone response, or methadone dose in relation to the CYP2B6*6 or ABCB1 polymorphisms.	Methadone	34-43	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	135-140
24489693-7	2014	Trough (R) methadone plasma concentration was significantly higher in CYP2B6*6 homozygous carriers when compared to non-carriers (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05-1.00, p = 0.03) with minimal heterogeneity (I(2) = 0%).	Methadone	11-20	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	70-76
24489693-11	2014	CONCLUSION: Although the number of studies included and sample size were modest, this is the first meta analysis to show participants homozygous for the CYP2B6*6 genotype have higher trough (R) and (S) methadone plasma concentrations, suggesting that methadone metabolism is significantly slower in *6 homozygous carriers.	Methadone	202-211	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	153-159
24489693-11	2014	CONCLUSION: Although the number of studies included and sample size were modest, this is the first meta analysis to show participants homozygous for the CYP2B6*6 genotype have higher trough (R) and (S) methadone plasma concentrations, suggesting that methadone metabolism is significantly slower in *6 homozygous carriers.	Methadone	251-260	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	153-159
24117196-0	2014	The opioid methadone induces a local anaesthetic-like inhibition of the cardiac Na+ channel, Na(v)1.5.	Methadone	11-20	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-18	Homo sapiens	93-101
24117196-1	2014	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Treatment with methadone is associated with severe cardiac arrhythmias, a side effect that seems to result from an inhibition of cardiac hERG K+ channels.	Methadone	39-48	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	161-165
24117196-3	2014	Considering the common assumption that an inhibition of the cardiac Na+ channel Na(v)1.5, is the primary mechanism for local anaesthetic (LA)-induced cardiotoxicity, we hypothesized that methadone has LA-like properties leading to a modulation of Na(v)1.5 channels.	Methadone	187-196	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-18	Homo sapiens	80-88
24117196-3	2014	Considering the common assumption that an inhibition of the cardiac Na+ channel Na(v)1.5, is the primary mechanism for local anaesthetic (LA)-induced cardiotoxicity, we hypothesized that methadone has LA-like properties leading to a modulation of Na(v)1.5 channels.	Methadone	187-196	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-18	Homo sapiens	247-255
24117196-4	2014	EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: The whole-cell patch clamp technique was applied to investigate the effects of methadone on wild-type and mutant human Na(v)1.5 channels expressed in HEK293 cells.	Methadone	102-111	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-18	Homo sapiens	142-150
24117196-6	2014	KEY RESULTS: Methadone inhibited Na(v)1.5 channels in a state-dependent manner, that is, tonic block was stronger with inactivated channels than with resting channels and a use-dependent block at 10 Hz.	Methadone	13-22	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-18	Homo sapiens	33-41
24117196-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Methadone interacted with the LA-binding site to inhibit Na(v)1.5 channels.	Methadone	30-39	immunoglobulin lambda variable 2-18	Homo sapiens	87-95
25760046-8	2014	Methadone and buprenorphine alone had no effect, but methadone interacted with Tat to further increase production of CCL5/RANTES.	Methadone	53-62	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	117-121
25760046-8	2014	Methadone and buprenorphine alone had no effect, but methadone interacted with Tat to further increase production of CCL5/RANTES.	Methadone	53-62	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Homo sapiens	122-128
24971288-0	2013	Evaluation of serum adiponectin concentrations among drug abusers on methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	69-78	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	20-31
25278738-5	2013	Genes encoding the liver cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes that are involved with the metabolism of methadone (CYP2B6, 3A4 and 2C19) were selected and genotyped in this cohort.	Methadone	97-106	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	25-41
25278738-5	2013	Genes encoding the liver cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes that are involved with the metabolism of methadone (CYP2B6, 3A4 and 2C19) were selected and genotyped in this cohort.	Methadone	97-106	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	43-46
25278738-5	2013	Genes encoding the liver cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes that are involved with the metabolism of methadone (CYP2B6, 3A4 and 2C19) were selected and genotyped in this cohort.	Methadone	97-106	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	108-114
25278738-6	2013	We found that the SNPs on CYP2B6 were associated with plasma S-methadone concentration; SNPs on CYP3A4 were associated with withdrawal symptoms and side effects; and SNPs on CYP2C19 were associated with methadone dose.	Methadone	63-72	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	26-32
25278738-6	2013	We found that the SNPs on CYP2B6 were associated with plasma S-methadone concentration; SNPs on CYP3A4 were associated with withdrawal symptoms and side effects; and SNPs on CYP2C19 were associated with methadone dose.	Methadone	63-72	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	174-181
25278738-6	2013	We found that the SNPs on CYP2B6 were associated with plasma S-methadone concentration; SNPs on CYP3A4 were associated with withdrawal symptoms and side effects; and SNPs on CYP2C19 were associated with methadone dose.	Methadone	203-212	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	26-32
25278738-6	2013	We found that the SNPs on CYP2B6 were associated with plasma S-methadone concentration; SNPs on CYP3A4 were associated with withdrawal symptoms and side effects; and SNPs on CYP2C19 were associated with methadone dose.	Methadone	203-212	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	174-181
23965172-3	2013	Here we report that treatment of human T lymphocytes with the opioids fentanyl, methadone, loperamide and beta-endorphin resulted in a strong induction of the cytokine interleukin-4.	Methadone	80-89	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	168-181
24016178-0	2013	Functional genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C19 gene in relation to cardiac side effects and treatment dose in a methadone maintenance cohort.	Methadone	109-118	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	36-43
24016178-2	2013	This study tested the influence of functional genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C19 gene encoding a CYP450 enzyme that contributes to methadone metabolism on treatment dose, plasma concentration, and side effects of methadone.	Methadone	129-138	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	71-78
24016178-2	2013	This study tested the influence of functional genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C19 gene encoding a CYP450 enzyme that contributes to methadone metabolism on treatment dose, plasma concentration, and side effects of methadone.	Methadone	211-220	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	71-78
24016178-7	2013	These results in a large study sample from Taiwan suggest that the gene dose of CYP2C19 may potentially serve as an indicator for the plasma R-methadone/methadone dose ratio and cardiac side effect in patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy.	Methadone	141-152	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	80-87
24016178-7	2013	These results in a large study sample from Taiwan suggest that the gene dose of CYP2C19 may potentially serve as an indicator for the plasma R-methadone/methadone dose ratio and cardiac side effect in patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy.	Methadone	143-152	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	80-87
24016178-7	2013	These results in a large study sample from Taiwan suggest that the gene dose of CYP2C19 may potentially serve as an indicator for the plasma R-methadone/methadone dose ratio and cardiac side effect in patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy.	Methadone	153-162	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	80-87
23879227-1	2013	Telaprevir (TVR) effects on P-glycloprotein and cytochrome P450 (CYP) may significantly elevate serum levels of morphine and methadone.	Methadone	125-134	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	48-63
23879227-1	2013	Telaprevir (TVR) effects on P-glycloprotein and cytochrome P450 (CYP) may significantly elevate serum levels of morphine and methadone.	Methadone	125-134	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	65-68
23879227-5	2013	TVR also inhibits hepatic CYP3A4 that are responsible for metabolizing methadone.	Methadone	71-80	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	26-32
21790905-0	2013	CYP2B6 SNPs are associated with methadone dose required for effective treatment of opioid addiction.	Methadone	32-41	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
21790905-3	2013	Methadone metabolism is attributed primarily to cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP3A4, CYP2B6 and CYP2D6.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	72-78
21790905-3	2013	Methadone metabolism is attributed primarily to cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP3A4, CYP2B6 and CYP2D6.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	80-86
21790905-3	2013	Methadone metabolism is attributed primarily to cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP3A4, CYP2B6 and CYP2D6.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	91-97
21790905-4	2013	The CYP2B6*6 allele [single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 785A&gt;G (rs2279343) and 516G&gt;T (rs3745274)] was associated with slow methadone metabolism.	Methadone	134-143	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	4-10
21790905-5	2013	To explore the effects of CYP2B6*6 allele on methadone dose requirement, it was genotyped in a well-characterized sample of 74 Israeli former heroin addicts in MMT.	Methadone	45-54	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	26-32
21790905-9	2013	The mean methadone doses required by subjects homozygous for the variant alleles of the CYP2B6 SNPs 785A&gt;G and 516G&gt;T (88, 96mg, respectively) were significantly lower than those of the heterozygotes (133, 129mg, respectively) and the non-carriers (150, 151mg, respectively) (nominal P=0.012, 0.048, respectively).	Methadone	9-18	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	88-94
21790905-10	2013	The results remain significant after controlling for age, sex and the ABCB1 SNP 1236C&gt;T (rs1128503), which was previously shown to be associated with high methadone dose requirement in this population (P=0.006, 0.030, respectively).	Methadone	158-167	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
23733841-3	2013	Although methadone N-demethylation is catalyzed in vitro by cytochrome P4502B6 (CYP2B6) and CYP3A4, and clearance in vivo depends on CYP2B6, mechanism(s) of autoinduction are incompletely understood.	Methadone	9-18	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	80-86
23733841-3	2013	Although methadone N-demethylation is catalyzed in vitro by cytochrome P4502B6 (CYP2B6) and CYP3A4, and clearance in vivo depends on CYP2B6, mechanism(s) of autoinduction are incompletely understood.	Methadone	9-18	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	92-98
23733841-3	2013	Although methadone N-demethylation is catalyzed in vitro by cytochrome P4502B6 (CYP2B6) and CYP3A4, and clearance in vivo depends on CYP2B6, mechanism(s) of autoinduction are incompletely understood.	Methadone	9-18	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	133-139
23733841-9	2013	RESULTS: Methadone (10 microM) increased methadone N-demethylation 2-fold, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 mRNA 3-fold, and protein expression 2-fold.	Methadone	9-18	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	75-81
23733841-15	2013	Methadone was an agonist for the pregnane X receptor but not the constitutive androstane receptor.	Methadone	0-9	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	33-52
23733841-16	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Methadone caused concentration-dependent autoinduction of methadone N-demethylation in human hepatocytes, related to induction of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 mRNA expression, protein expression, and catalytic activity.	Methadone	13-22	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	143-149
23733841-16	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Methadone caused concentration-dependent autoinduction of methadone N-demethylation in human hepatocytes, related to induction of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 mRNA expression, protein expression, and catalytic activity.	Methadone	13-22	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	154-160
23917673-3	2013	Ten opioid naive post-herpetic neuralgia patients received either methadone (5 mg bid) or placebo for three weeks, followed by a 15-day washout period and a second three-week treatment with either methadone or placebo, accordingly.	Methadone	66-75	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	82-85
22918821-0	2013	Methadone but not morphine inhibits lubiprostone-stimulated Cl- currents in T84 intestinal cells and recombinant human ClC-2, but not CFTR Cl- currents.	Methadone	0-9	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	119-124
22918821-1	2013	In clinical trials, methadone, but not morphine, appeared to prevent beneficial effects of lubiprostone, a ClC-2 Cl(-) channel activator, on opioid-induced constipation.	Methadone	20-29	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	107-112
22918821-8	2013	Methadone, but not morphine, inhibited control and lubiprostone-stimulated hClC-2 Cl(-) currents with half-maximal inhibition at 100 and 200-230 nM, respectively.	Methadone	0-9	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	75-81
22918821-9	2013	Forskolin/IBMX-stimulated hClC-2 Cl(-) currents were also inhibited by methadone.	Methadone	71-80	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	26-32
22918821-12	2013	Methadone caused inhibition of lubiprostone-stimulated Cl(-) currents in T84 cells and control; lubiprostone- and forskolin/IBMX-stimulated recombinant hClC-2 Cl(-) currents may be the basis for reduced efficacy of lubiprostone in methadone-treated patients.	Methadone	231-240	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	152-158
23047422-5	2013	Morphine and methadone, but not fentanyl, at &gt;10(-5) M decreased all tested cytokines except IL-8.	Methadone	13-22	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	96-100
23651024-5	2013	RESULTS: Out of the 110 variants analyzed, 12 SNPs (in BDNF, NTRK2, OPRM1, DRD2 and ANKK1) were associated with methadone dose (nominal p &lt; 0.05).	Methadone	112-121	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	55-59
23651024-5	2013	RESULTS: Out of the 110 variants analyzed, 12 SNPs (in BDNF, NTRK2, OPRM1, DRD2 and ANKK1) were associated with methadone dose (nominal p &lt; 0.05).	Methadone	112-121	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	61-66
23651024-5	2013	RESULTS: Out of the 110 variants analyzed, 12 SNPs (in BDNF, NTRK2, OPRM1, DRD2 and ANKK1) were associated with methadone dose (nominal p &lt; 0.05).	Methadone	112-121	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	68-73
23651024-5	2013	RESULTS: Out of the 110 variants analyzed, 12 SNPs (in BDNF, NTRK2, OPRM1, DRD2 and ANKK1) were associated with methadone dose (nominal p &lt; 0.05).	Methadone	112-121	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	75-79
23651024-5	2013	RESULTS: Out of the 110 variants analyzed, 12 SNPs (in BDNF, NTRK2, OPRM1, DRD2 and ANKK1) were associated with methadone dose (nominal p &lt; 0.05).	Methadone	112-121	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
27606405-9	2013	While treatment with methadone is more established, it requires daily visits to an OTP.	Methadone	21-30	orthopedia homeobox	Homo sapiens	83-86
27606405-10	2013	Not all individuals who could benefit from methadone treatment live within easy travelling distance of an OTP; the requirement for daily visits can interfere with jobs and other important activities.	Methadone	43-52	orthopedia homeobox	Homo sapiens	106-109
23833799-2	2010	The OPRM1 gene encodes the mu opioid receptor, which is the primary site of action for morphine and other commonly used opioids such as heroin, fentanyl, and methadone.	Methadone	158-167	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
23298862-0	2013	Methadone N-demethylation by the common CYP2B6 allelic variant CYP2B6.6.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	40-46
23298862-0	2013	Methadone N-demethylation by the common CYP2B6 allelic variant CYP2B6.6.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	63-69
23298862-2	2013	Methadone metabolism clinically occurs primarily by N-demethylation to 2-ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), catalyzed predominantly by CYP2B6.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	151-157
23298862-3	2013	Retrospective studies suggest that the common allele variant CYP2B6*6 may influence methadone plasma concentrations.	Methadone	84-93	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	61-67
23298862-5	2013	This investigation compared methadone N-demethylation by CYP2B6.6 with that by wild-type CYP2B6.1.	Methadone	28-37	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	57-63
23298862-6	2013	Methadone enantiomer and racemate N-demethylation by recombinant-expressed CYP2B6.6 and CYP2B6.1 was determined.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	75-81
23298862-6	2013	Methadone enantiomer and racemate N-demethylation by recombinant-expressed CYP2B6.6 and CYP2B6.1 was determined.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	88-94
23298862-7	2013	At substrate concentrations (0.25-2 microM) approximating plasma concentrations occurring clinically, rates of methadone enantiomer N-demethylation by CYP2B6.6, incubated individually or as the racemate, were one-third to one-fourth those by CYP2B6.1.	Methadone	111-120	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	151-157
23298862-7	2013	At substrate concentrations (0.25-2 microM) approximating plasma concentrations occurring clinically, rates of methadone enantiomer N-demethylation by CYP2B6.6, incubated individually or as the racemate, were one-third to one-fourth those by CYP2B6.1.	Methadone	111-120	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	242-248
23298862-8	2013	For methadone individual enantiomers and metabolism by CYP2B6.6 compared with CYP2B6.1, Vmax was diminished, Ks was greater and the in vitro intrinsic clearance was diminished 5- to 6-fold.	Methadone	4-13	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	55-61
23298862-8	2013	For methadone individual enantiomers and metabolism by CYP2B6.6 compared with CYP2B6.1, Vmax was diminished, Ks was greater and the in vitro intrinsic clearance was diminished 5- to 6-fold.	Methadone	4-13	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	78-84
23298862-10	2013	Both CYP2B6.6 and CYP2B6.1 showed similar stereoselectivity (S&gt;R-methadone).	Methadone	66-77	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	5-11
23298862-10	2013	Both CYP2B6.6 and CYP2B6.1 showed similar stereoselectivity (S&gt;R-methadone).	Methadone	66-77	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	18-24
23298862-11	2013	Human liver microsomes with diminished CYP2B6 content due to a CYP2B6*6 allele had lower rates of methadone N-demethylation.	Methadone	98-107	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	39-45
23298862-11	2013	Human liver microsomes with diminished CYP2B6 content due to a CYP2B6*6 allele had lower rates of methadone N-demethylation.	Methadone	98-107	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	63-69
23298862-12	2013	Results show that methadone N-demethylation catalyzed by CYP2B6.6, the CYP2B6 variant encoded by the CYP2B6*6 polymorphism, is catalytically deficient compared with wild-type CYP2B6.1.	Methadone	18-27	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	57-63
23298862-12	2013	Results show that methadone N-demethylation catalyzed by CYP2B6.6, the CYP2B6 variant encoded by the CYP2B6*6 polymorphism, is catalytically deficient compared with wild-type CYP2B6.1.	Methadone	18-27	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	71-77
23298862-12	2013	Results show that methadone N-demethylation catalyzed by CYP2B6.6, the CYP2B6 variant encoded by the CYP2B6*6 polymorphism, is catalytically deficient compared with wild-type CYP2B6.1.	Methadone	18-27	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	71-77
23298862-12	2013	Results show that methadone N-demethylation catalyzed by CYP2B6.6, the CYP2B6 variant encoded by the CYP2B6*6 polymorphism, is catalytically deficient compared with wild-type CYP2B6.1.	Methadone	18-27	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	71-77
23298862-13	2013	Diminished methadone N-demethylation by CYP2B6.6 may provide a mechanistic explanation for clinical observations of altered methadone disposition in individuals carrying the CYP2B6*6 polymorphism.	Methadone	11-20	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	40-46
23298862-13	2013	Diminished methadone N-demethylation by CYP2B6.6 may provide a mechanistic explanation for clinical observations of altered methadone disposition in individuals carrying the CYP2B6*6 polymorphism.	Methadone	11-20	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	174-180
23298862-13	2013	Diminished methadone N-demethylation by CYP2B6.6 may provide a mechanistic explanation for clinical observations of altered methadone disposition in individuals carrying the CYP2B6*6 polymorphism.	Methadone	124-133	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	40-46
23298862-13	2013	Diminished methadone N-demethylation by CYP2B6.6 may provide a mechanistic explanation for clinical observations of altered methadone disposition in individuals carrying the CYP2B6*6 polymorphism.	Methadone	124-133	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	174-180
23467454-3	2013	Drugs metabolized mainly by CYP2B6 include artemisinin, bupropion, cyclophosphamide, efavirenz, ketamine, and methadone.	Methadone	110-119	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	28-34
23421568-0	2013	Opioid-like effects of the neurokinin 1 antagonist aprepitant in patients maintained on and briefly withdrawn from methadone.	Methadone	115-124	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	27-39
23421568-3	2013	This investigation sought to examine the ability of the NK1 antagonist aprepitant to alter the effects of methadone as well as withdrawal symptoms induced by brief methadone discontinuation.	Methadone	106-115	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
23421568-3	2013	This investigation sought to examine the ability of the NK1 antagonist aprepitant to alter the effects of methadone as well as withdrawal symptoms induced by brief methadone discontinuation.	Methadone	164-173	tachykinin precursor 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
23361846-0	2013	Role of cytochrome P4502B6 in methadone metabolism and clearance.	Methadone	30-39	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	8-26
23361846-1	2013	Methadone N-demethylation in vitro is catalyzed by hepatic cytochrome P4502B6 (CYP2B6) and CYP3A4, but clinical disposition is often attributed to CYP3A4.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	59-77
23361846-1	2013	Methadone N-demethylation in vitro is catalyzed by hepatic cytochrome P4502B6 (CYP2B6) and CYP3A4, but clinical disposition is often attributed to CYP3A4.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	79-85
23361846-1	2013	Methadone N-demethylation in vitro is catalyzed by hepatic cytochrome P4502B6 (CYP2B6) and CYP3A4, but clinical disposition is often attributed to CYP3A4.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	91-97
23361846-1	2013	Methadone N-demethylation in vitro is catalyzed by hepatic cytochrome P4502B6 (CYP2B6) and CYP3A4, but clinical disposition is often attributed to CYP3A4.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	147-153
23361846-2	2013	This investigation tested the hypothesis that CYP2B6 is a prominent CYP isoform responsible for clinical methadone N-demethylation and clearance, using the in vivo mechanism-based CYP2B6 inhibitor ticlopidine, given orally for 4 days.	Methadone	105-114	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	46-52
23361846-2	2013	This investigation tested the hypothesis that CYP2B6 is a prominent CYP isoform responsible for clinical methadone N-demethylation and clearance, using the in vivo mechanism-based CYP2B6 inhibitor ticlopidine, given orally for 4 days.	Methadone	105-114	peptidylprolyl isomerase G	Homo sapiens	46-49
23361846-7	2013	CYP2B6 inhibition reduces methadone N-demethylation and clearance, and alters methadone concentrations, demonstrating an important role for CYP2B6 in clinical methadone disposition.	Methadone	26-35	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
23361846-7	2013	CYP2B6 inhibition reduces methadone N-demethylation and clearance, and alters methadone concentrations, demonstrating an important role for CYP2B6 in clinical methadone disposition.	Methadone	78-87	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
23361846-7	2013	CYP2B6 inhibition reduces methadone N-demethylation and clearance, and alters methadone concentrations, demonstrating an important role for CYP2B6 in clinical methadone disposition.	Methadone	78-87	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	140-146
23361846-7	2013	CYP2B6 inhibition reduces methadone N-demethylation and clearance, and alters methadone concentrations, demonstrating an important role for CYP2B6 in clinical methadone disposition.	Methadone	78-87	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
23361846-7	2013	CYP2B6 inhibition reduces methadone N-demethylation and clearance, and alters methadone concentrations, demonstrating an important role for CYP2B6 in clinical methadone disposition.	Methadone	78-87	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	140-146
22815312-0	2013	Quantitative prediction of CYP2B6 induction by estradiol during pregnancy: potential explanation for increased methadone clearance during pregnancy.	Methadone	111-120	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	27-33
23288240-0	2013	PXR polymorphisms interacted with CYP2B6 polymorphisms on methadone metabolites.	Methadone	58-67	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
23288240-0	2013	PXR polymorphisms interacted with CYP2B6 polymorphisms on methadone metabolites.	Methadone	58-67	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	34-40
23223006-0	2013	OPRM1 genetic polymorphisms are associated with the plasma nicotine metabolite cotinine concentration in methadone maintenance patients: a cross sectional study.	Methadone	105-114	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
23223006-3	2013	In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that the genetic polymorphisms in the OPRM1 are associated with the methadone treatment responses and the severity of cigarette smoking directly measured by the plasma concentration of cotinine in a Taiwanese MMT cohort.	Methadone	115-124	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	85-90
22428876-0	2013	The effect of P-glycoprotein on methadone hydrochloride flux in equine intestinal mucosa.	Methadone	32-55	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Equus caballus	14-28
22428876-3	2013	This study aims to determine the effect of the P-glycoprotein on methadone flux in the equine intestinal mucosa, as an indicator of in vivo drug absorption.	Methadone	65-74	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Equus caballus	47-61
22428876-8	2013	P-glycoprotein is present in the equine jejunum and may possibly mediate the intestinal transport of methadone.	Methadone	101-110	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Equus caballus	0-14
22428876-9	2013	This study suggests that P-glycoprotein may play a role in the poor intestinal absorption of methadone in vivo.	Methadone	93-102	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Equus caballus	25-39
23249875-0	2013	Contribution of CYP2B6 alleles in explaining extreme (S)-methadone plasma levels:  a CYP2B6 gene resequencing study.	Methadone	53-66	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	16-22
23249875-1	2013	BACKGROUND: (S)-Methadone, metabolized mainly by CYP2B6, shows a wide interindividual variability in its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.	Methadone	12-25	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	49-55
23249875-2	2013	METHODS: Resequencing of the CYP2B6 gene was performed in 12 and 35 selected individuals with high (S)-methadone plasma exposure and low (S)-methadone plasma exposure, respectively, from a previously described cohort of 276 patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	103-112	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	29-35
23249875-2	2013	METHODS: Resequencing of the CYP2B6 gene was performed in 12 and 35 selected individuals with high (S)-methadone plasma exposure and low (S)-methadone plasma exposure, respectively, from a previously described cohort of 276 patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	141-150	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	29-35
23249875-2	2013	METHODS: Resequencing of the CYP2B6 gene was performed in 12 and 35 selected individuals with high (S)-methadone plasma exposure and low (S)-methadone plasma exposure, respectively, from a previously described cohort of 276 patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	141-150	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	29-35
23249875-8	2013	CONCLUSION: Known genetic polymorphisms in CYP2B6 contribute toward explaining extreme (S)-methadone plasma levels observed in a cohort of patients following methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	87-100	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	43-49
23249875-8	2013	CONCLUSION: Known genetic polymorphisms in CYP2B6 contribute toward explaining extreme (S)-methadone plasma levels observed in a cohort of patients following methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	91-100	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	43-49
24455721-3	2013	The results demonstrated that the methadone maintenance dose, CYP2B6 785G allele, and ABCB1 2677T allele have positive effects on the methadone plasma concentration.	Methadone	134-143	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	62-68
24455721-3	2013	The results demonstrated that the methadone maintenance dose, CYP2B6 785G allele, and ABCB1 2677T allele have positive effects on the methadone plasma concentration.	Methadone	134-143	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	86-91
23678840-4	2013	The aim of this study was to explore the effects of heroin and methadone maintenance treatment on the plasma prolactin levels and sexual function.	Methadone	63-72	prolactin	Homo sapiens	109-118
23739600-6	2013	Genetic variation in CYP2D6 is related to efficacy of methadone treatment for opiate dependence.	Methadone	54-63	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
23273101-4	2013	Here we report increased methylation at a CpG rich island in the OPRM1 gene coding for mu-opioid receptors and at a global methylation site (LINE-1) in leukocytes of methadone-substituted former opiate addicts compared with matched healthy controls.	Methadone	166-175	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
23527191-0	2013	Functional impact of ABCB1 variants on interactions between P-glycoprotein and methadone.	Methadone	79-88	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
23527191-0	2013	Functional impact of ABCB1 variants on interactions between P-glycoprotein and methadone.	Methadone	79-88	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	60-74
23527191-6	2013	Methadone also stimulated P-gp ATPase and inhibited verapamil-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity under therapeutic concentrations.	Methadone	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	26-30
23527191-6	2013	Methadone also stimulated P-gp ATPase and inhibited verapamil-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity under therapeutic concentrations.	Methadone	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
23527191-7	2013	These results may provide a possible explanation for higher methadone dosage requirements in patients carrying variant-type of P-gp and revealed the possible drug-drug interactions in patients who receive concomitant drugs which are also P-gp substrates.	Methadone	60-69	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	127-131
23527191-7	2013	These results may provide a possible explanation for higher methadone dosage requirements in patients carrying variant-type of P-gp and revealed the possible drug-drug interactions in patients who receive concomitant drugs which are also P-gp substrates.	Methadone	60-69	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	238-242
22926004-9	2013	Women with the CYP2B6 Q172 variant GT genotype have consistently higher L/D values for S-methadone across both pregnancy and postpartum.	Methadone	87-98	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	15-21
22369095-0	2012	Inhibition of CYP2D6-mediated tramadol O-demethylation in methadone but not buprenorphine maintenance patients.	Methadone	58-67	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	14-20
22369095-3	2012	Methadone inhibits CYP2D6 in vivo and in vitro.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	19-25
22369095-4	2012	We aimed to investigate the effect of methadone on the pathways of tramadol metabolism: O-demethylation (CYP2D6) to the opioid-active metabolite M1 and N-demethylation (CYP3A4) to M2 in subjects maintained on methadone or buprenorphine as a control.	Methadone	38-47	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	105-111
22369095-4	2012	We aimed to investigate the effect of methadone on the pathways of tramadol metabolism: O-demethylation (CYP2D6) to the opioid-active metabolite M1 and N-demethylation (CYP3A4) to M2 in subjects maintained on methadone or buprenorphine as a control.	Methadone	38-47	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	169-175
22369095-14	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Methadone inhibited the CYP2D6-mediated metabolism of tramadol to M1.	Methadone	13-22	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	37-43
22682979-3	2012	As methadone is metabolized by CYP3A4 and lersivirine is a weak CYP3A4 inducer, it is possible that lersivirine may decrease methadone concentrations.	Methadone	3-12	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	31-37
22406240-0	2012	Genetic polymorphisms in the opioid receptor mu1 gene are associated with changes in libido and insomnia in methadone maintenance patients.	Methadone	108-117	glutathione S-transferase mu 1	Homo sapiens	45-48
22406240-1	2012	Methadone, a synthetic racemic opioid that primarily works as a mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) agonist, is commonly used for the treatment of heroin addiction.	Methadone	0-9	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
22406240-3	2012	Our current study is designed to test the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms in the OPRM1 gene region are associated with methadone dosage, plasma concentrations, treatment responses, adverse reactions and withdrawal symptoms in a methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) cohort from Taiwan.	Methadone	125-134	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
22406240-3	2012	Our current study is designed to test the hypothesis that genetic polymorphisms in the OPRM1 gene region are associated with methadone dosage, plasma concentrations, treatment responses, adverse reactions and withdrawal symptoms in a methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) cohort from Taiwan.	Methadone	234-243	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
22926601-10	2012	Multiple regression analysis revealed that 33% of the overall variation in unbound (R)-methadone EC50 was explained by 3 variables, namely CYP3A activity (9%), age (16%), and sex (8%).	Methadone	83-96	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	139-144
22926601-14	2012	Finally, it was established that CYP3A activity, years of dependent use, sex, and age are major determinants of methadone EC50 with respect to TMDS.	Methadone	112-121	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
23298916-2	2012	Their multiethnic populations suggest complexity due to the genetic polymorphism, such as CYP2B6 that metabolizes methadone and anti-retroviral.	Methadone	114-123	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	90-96
22685215-0	2012	Mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 2B6 by methadone through destruction of prosthetic heme.	Methadone	55-64	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	32-51
22685215-3	2012	Initial in vitro data suggested that CYP3A4 is the major isoform responsible for the in vivo clearance of methadone in humans.	Methadone	106-115	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	37-43
22685215-4	2012	However, recent clinical data have indicated that CYP2B6 is actually the major isoform responsible for methadone metabolism and clearance in vivo.	Methadone	103-112	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	50-56
22685215-5	2012	In this study, methadone was shown to act as a mechanism-based inactivator of CYP2B6.	Methadone	15-24	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	78-84
22685215-6	2012	Methadone inactivates CYP2B6 in a time-, concentration-, and NADPH-dependent manner with a K(I) = 10.0 muM and k(inact) = 0.027 min-1.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	22-28
22685215-7	2012	The loss of CYP2B6 activity in the presence of methadone and NADPH occurred with concomitant loss of the reduced CO spectrum of the P450.	Methadone	47-56	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	12-18
22685215-11	2012	The evidence strongly suggests that destruction of prosthetic heme is the underlying mechanism leading to the inactivation of CYP2B6 by methadone.	Methadone	136-145	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	126-132
22374345-8	2012	The SAG group was significantly less exposed to morphine/M6G/oxycodone and significantly more exposed to methadone in the first 3 days.	Methadone	105-114	S-antigen visual arrestin	Homo sapiens	4-7
22374345-12	2012	CONCLUSION: The SAG group was initially more exposed to methadone and less to the replaced opioids but without observed clinical benefit and with a higher dropout rate.	Methadone	56-65	S-antigen visual arrestin	Homo sapiens	16-19
22722506-3	2012	The complete metabolic disposition of methadone is likely to involve a number of enzymes, including specifically CYP2B6.	Methadone	38-47	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
21358750-0	2012	Nerve growth factor beta polypeptide (NGFB) genetic variability: association with the methadone dose required for effective maintenance treatment.	Methadone	86-95	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	0-36
21358750-0	2012	Nerve growth factor beta polypeptide (NGFB) genetic variability: association with the methadone dose required for effective maintenance treatment.	Methadone	86-95	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	38-42
21358750-4	2012	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was shown to affect the response to methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	77-86	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	0-33
21358750-4	2012	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was shown to affect the response to methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	77-86	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	35-39
21358750-5	2012	This study explores the effects of polymorphisms in the nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) gene, NGFB, on the methadone doses required for successful maintenance treatment for heroin addiction.	Methadone	114-123	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	56-93
21358750-5	2012	This study explores the effects of polymorphisms in the nerve growth factor (beta polypeptide) gene, NGFB, on the methadone doses required for successful maintenance treatment for heroin addiction.	Methadone	114-123	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	101-105
21358750-6	2012	Genotypes of 14 NGFB polymorphisms were analyzed for association with the stabilizing methadone dose in 72 former severe heroin addicts with no major co-medications.	Methadone	86-95	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	16-20
21358750-7	2012	There was significant difference in methadone doses required by subjects with different genotypes of the NGFB intronic single-nucleotide polymorphism rs2239622 (P=0.0002).	Methadone	36-45	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	105-109
22769430-3	2012	Methadone treatment is seen by some as in competition with their main task of coordinating conventional drug treatment in the rehabilitation center.The history of drug use and the evolution of discourses on drug use in Viet Nam have created these conflicting pressures on police, and thus created contradictory expectations and led to different views and attitudes of police regarding various harm reduction measures.	Methadone	0-9	SH3 and cysteine rich domain 3	Homo sapiens	224-227
24494144-11	2012	CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated the significant effect of methadone on ALP levels.	Methadone	74-83	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	87-90
22034138-5	2012	Clinical opioids, such as morphine and methadone, as well as illicit opioids, such as heroin, exert their effects primarily through interactions with the micro-opioid receptor (MOR).	Methadone	39-48	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	154-175
22034138-5	2012	Clinical opioids, such as morphine and methadone, as well as illicit opioids, such as heroin, exert their effects primarily through interactions with the micro-opioid receptor (MOR).	Methadone	39-48	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	177-180
22676193-0	2012	UGT2B7 genetic polymorphisms are associated with the withdrawal symptoms in methadone maintenance patients.	Methadone	76-85	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B7	Homo sapiens	0-6
22676193-1	2012	AIM: To test whether the genetic polymorphisms within the gene encoding the UGT2B7 gene may have an impact on methadone treatment.	Methadone	110-119	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B7	Homo sapiens	76-82
22553939-8	2012	Barrier protection/repair by lubiprostone was inhibited by methadone, a ClC-2 inhibitor.	Methadone	59-68	chloride voltage-gated channel 2	Homo sapiens	72-77
22092298-0	2012	Methadone inhibits CYP2D6 and UGT2B7/2B4 in vivo: a study using codeine in methadone- and buprenorphine-maintained subjects.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	19-25
22092298-0	2012	Methadone inhibits CYP2D6 and UGT2B7/2B4 in vivo: a study using codeine in methadone- and buprenorphine-maintained subjects.	Methadone	0-9	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B7	Homo sapiens	30-40
22092298-7	2012	CONCLUSION: Methadone is associated with inhibition of CYP2D6 and UGTs 2B4 and 2B7 reactions in vivo, even though it is not a substrate for these enzymes.	Methadone	12-21	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	55-61
22092298-9	2012	Drug interactions with methadone are likely to include drugs metabolized by various UGTs and CYP2D6.	Methadone	23-32	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	93-99
22041255-8	2012	RESULTS: As compared to the NM/A group, cardiac measures were decreased in methadone-exposed fetuses at peak levels.	Methadone	75-84	BMP and activin membrane bound inhibitor	Homo sapiens	28-32
22306426-6	2012	Traces of methadone and ephedrine were detected in some samples of tap water.	Methadone	10-19	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	67-70
22511698-2	2012	Methadone is primarily metabolized by N-demethylation to an inactive metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidene (EDDP) by CYP3A4 and CYP2B6.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	140-146
22511698-2	2012	Methadone is primarily metabolized by N-demethylation to an inactive metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidene (EDDP) by CYP3A4 and CYP2B6.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	151-157
22398970-10	2012	Methadone disposition was most consistent with efavirenz induction of hepatic CYP2B6-mediated methadone N-demethylation.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	78-84
22398970-10	2012	Methadone disposition was most consistent with efavirenz induction of hepatic CYP2B6-mediated methadone N-demethylation.	Methadone	94-103	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	78-84
21881874-3	2012	RESULTS: Lower striatal DAT and midbrain SERT availabilities were noted in low-dose methadone users.	Methadone	84-93	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	24-27
21881874-3	2012	RESULTS: Lower striatal DAT and midbrain SERT availabilities were noted in low-dose methadone users.	Methadone	84-93	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	41-45
21881874-5	2012	The striatal DAT of methadone-free abstainers was also lower than controls.	Methadone	20-29	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	13-16
21881874-6	2012	The midbrain SERT availability tended to be higher in the methadone-free abstainers than the low-dose methadone users.	Methadone	58-67	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
21881874-6	2012	The midbrain SERT availability tended to be higher in the methadone-free abstainers than the low-dose methadone users.	Methadone	102-111	solute carrier family 6 member 4	Homo sapiens	13-17
22273859-2	2012	Methadone clearance and drug interactions have been attributed to cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4), but actual mechanisms are unknown.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	66-84
22273859-2	2012	Methadone clearance and drug interactions have been attributed to cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4), but actual mechanisms are unknown.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	86-92
22381725-4	2012	Many explorations have helped in understanding the physiopathology by showing that opioids, including methadone, cause a blockage of the potassium channels of the gene HERG K+P.	Methadone	102-111	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	168-172
22148986-7	2012	CYP3A4 inactivates methadone, meperidine, and buprenorphine.	Methadone	19-28	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
22517242-8	2012	Moreover, we found a significant positive association between the NGF serum levels (t1 and t3) and the self-reported craving for methadone.	Methadone	129-138	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	66-69
23226062-0	2012	ABCB1 haplotype and OPRM1 118A &gt; G genotype interaction in methadone maintenance treatment pharmacogenetics.	Methadone	62-71	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
23226062-0	2012	ABCB1 haplotype and OPRM1 118A &gt; G genotype interaction in methadone maintenance treatment pharmacogenetics.	Methadone	62-71	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
23226062-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Genetic variability in ABCB1, encoding the P-glycoprotein efflux transporter, has been linked to altered methadone maintenance treatment dose requirements.	Methadone	117-126	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
23226062-2	2012	However, subsequent studies have indicated that additional environmental or genetic factors may confound ABCB1 pharmacogenetics in different methadone maintenance treatment settings.	Methadone	141-150	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	105-110
23226062-10	2012	Therefore, two interacting pharmacogenetic determinants of methadone maintenance treatment response were identified, ie, ABCB1, where variants are associated with lower methadone requirements, and OPRM1, where the variant is associated with higher methadone requirements.	Methadone	59-68	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
23226062-10	2012	Therefore, two interacting pharmacogenetic determinants of methadone maintenance treatment response were identified, ie, ABCB1, where variants are associated with lower methadone requirements, and OPRM1, where the variant is associated with higher methadone requirements.	Methadone	59-68	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	197-202
23226062-10	2012	Therefore, two interacting pharmacogenetic determinants of methadone maintenance treatment response were identified, ie, ABCB1, where variants are associated with lower methadone requirements, and OPRM1, where the variant is associated with higher methadone requirements.	Methadone	169-178	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
23226062-10	2012	Therefore, two interacting pharmacogenetic determinants of methadone maintenance treatment response were identified, ie, ABCB1, where variants are associated with lower methadone requirements, and OPRM1, where the variant is associated with higher methadone requirements.	Methadone	169-178	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
22263715-5	2012	Patients who reached a moderate-to-high methadone dose demonstrated higher rates of reporting to community MTP versus lower doses, both pre- and post-QI.	Methadone	40-49	metallothionein 1B	Homo sapiens	107-110
21798596-6	2011	In addition, methadone"s activity synergized with that of the anti-Bcl-2 agent ABT-737 and was characterized by the induction of distinct changes in tumor cell mitochondria.	Methadone	13-22	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	67-72
21798596-7	2011	Data presented also identify biological correlates and a potential mechanism for methadone activity by its effects on Mcl-1 and other members of the apoptosis cascade.	Methadone	81-90	MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member	Homo sapiens	118-123
21600706-0	2011	Differential antinociceptive effects of buprenorphine and methadone in the presence of HIV-gp120.	Methadone	58-67	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	91-96
21600706-7	2011	Buprenorphine thus appears to be a more effective analgesic than methadone in the presence of gp120 in the brain, a condition that is associated with HIV-related pain and infection.	Methadone	65-74	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	94-99
21775131-14	2011	CONCLUSION: The SAG patients reported a trend of more pain, had significantly more dropouts and three SAEs, which indicate that the SAG strategy should not replace the 3DS when switching from high doses of morphine or oxycodone to methadone.	Methadone	231-240	S-antigen visual arrestin	Homo sapiens	16-19
21671107-8	2011	The study demonstrated that methadone and buprenorphine exert initially different yet eventually convergent adaptive changes of AC activity in cells coexpressing human MOR and ORL1 receptors.	Methadone	28-37	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	168-171
21671107-8	2011	The study demonstrated that methadone and buprenorphine exert initially different yet eventually convergent adaptive changes of AC activity in cells coexpressing human MOR and ORL1 receptors.	Methadone	28-37	opioid related nociceptin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	176-180
21902500-0	2011	Impact of genetic polymorphisms in ABCB1, CYP2B6, OPRM1, ANKK1 and DRD2 genes on methadone therapy in Han Chinese patients.	Methadone	81-90	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
21902500-0	2011	Impact of genetic polymorphisms in ABCB1, CYP2B6, OPRM1, ANKK1 and DRD2 genes on methadone therapy in Han Chinese patients.	Methadone	81-90	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	50-55
21902500-0	2011	Impact of genetic polymorphisms in ABCB1, CYP2B6, OPRM1, ANKK1 and DRD2 genes on methadone therapy in Han Chinese patients.	Methadone	81-90	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	57-62
21902500-0	2011	Impact of genetic polymorphisms in ABCB1, CYP2B6, OPRM1, ANKK1 and DRD2 genes on methadone therapy in Han Chinese patients.	Methadone	81-90	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	67-71
21902500-3	2011	RESULTS: Pair-wise comparisons revealed that carriers of the variants ABCB1 3435C&gt;T or CYP2B6 516G&gt;T alleles were more likely to require a higher methadone dose than noncarriers (both p &lt; 0.0001).	Methadone	152-161	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	70-75
21902500-3	2011	RESULTS: Pair-wise comparisons revealed that carriers of the variants ABCB1 3435C&gt;T or CYP2B6 516G&gt;T alleles were more likely to require a higher methadone dose than noncarriers (both p &lt; 0.0001).	Methadone	152-161	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	90-96
21902500-4	2011	On the other hand, carriers of the variant DRD2 -214A&gt;G or 939C&gt;T allele had a twofold chance of requiring a lower methadone dose than noncarriers (p = 0.001).	Methadone	121-130	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	43-47
21902500-5	2011	Proportional odds regression with adjustment of cofactors demonstrated that ABCB1, CYP2B6, OPRM1, ANKK1 and DRD2 genetic variants were jointly correlated with optimal methadone dose (adjusted r(2) = 53%).	Methadone	167-176	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	76-81
21902500-5	2011	Proportional odds regression with adjustment of cofactors demonstrated that ABCB1, CYP2B6, OPRM1, ANKK1 and DRD2 genetic variants were jointly correlated with optimal methadone dose (adjusted r(2) = 53%).	Methadone	167-176	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	83-89
21902500-5	2011	Proportional odds regression with adjustment of cofactors demonstrated that ABCB1, CYP2B6, OPRM1, ANKK1 and DRD2 genetic variants were jointly correlated with optimal methadone dose (adjusted r(2) = 53%).	Methadone	167-176	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	91-96
21902500-5	2011	Proportional odds regression with adjustment of cofactors demonstrated that ABCB1, CYP2B6, OPRM1, ANKK1 and DRD2 genetic variants were jointly correlated with optimal methadone dose (adjusted r(2) = 53%).	Methadone	167-176	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
21902500-5	2011	Proportional odds regression with adjustment of cofactors demonstrated that ABCB1, CYP2B6, OPRM1, ANKK1 and DRD2 genetic variants were jointly correlated with optimal methadone dose (adjusted r(2) = 53%).	Methadone	167-176	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	108-112
21902501-0	2011	Genetic polymorphisms in CYP3A4 are associated with withdrawal symptoms and adverse reactions in methadone maintenance patients.	Methadone	97-106	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	25-31
21902501-2	2011	The isozyme CYP3A4 of the CYP system is one of the metabolic enzymes, as well as CYP2B6, responsible for the metabolism of methadone.	Methadone	123-132	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	12-18
21902501-2	2011	The isozyme CYP3A4 of the CYP system is one of the metabolic enzymes, as well as CYP2B6, responsible for the metabolism of methadone.	Methadone	123-132	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	81-87
21902501-3	2011	The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential use of genetic polymorphisms in CYP3A4 as biomarkers for the prediction of methadone treatment responses.	Methadone	133-142	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	90-96
21902501-10	2011	CONCLUSION: These results suggested that genetic variants in the CYP3A4 gene may be useful indicators for the severity of side effects and withdrawal symptoms for methadone treatment.	Methadone	163-172	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	65-71
21999760-5	2011	Opioids metabolized by the drug metabolizing enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) system (codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, tramadol, and methadone) are associated with numerous DDIs that can result in either a reduction in opioid effect or excess opioid effects.	Methadone	150-159	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	60-75
21999760-5	2011	Opioids metabolized by the drug metabolizing enzymes of the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) system (codeine, oxycodone, hydrocodone, fentanyl, tramadol, and methadone) are associated with numerous DDIs that can result in either a reduction in opioid effect or excess opioid effects.	Methadone	150-159	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	77-83
21796641-6	2011	Neuronal miR-124a was generally down-regulated by psychoactive drugs (e.g. cocaine, methadone and fluoxetine) in BE(2)-M17 and SH-SY5Y cells.	Methadone	84-93	microRNA 124-1	Homo sapiens	9-17
21871151-7	2011	Individual susceptibility to methadone may be determined by screening for CYP2B6*6.	Methadone	29-38	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	74-80
21787180-6	2011	The AChE inhibitor physostigmine hemisulfate (PHY) was administered continuously via osmotic minipumps implanted subcutaneously at the rates of 1.6-12.8 mumol/kg/day.	Methadone	46-49	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
21654736-6	2011	Reduction in Galpha(o) levels attenuated the supraspinal antinociception produced by morphine, methadone, and nalbuphine, with the magnitude of suppression dependent on agonist efficacy.	Methadone	95-104	guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha O	Mus musculus	13-22
21694616-0	2011	CYP2B6 polymorphisms influence the plasma concentration and clearance of the methadone S-enantiomer.	Methadone	77-86	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
21694616-3	2011	In our previous study, we found that the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isozyme 2B6 preferentially metabolizes the S-methadone enantiomer.	Methadone	107-118	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	41-57
21694616-3	2011	In our previous study, we found that the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isozyme 2B6 preferentially metabolizes the S-methadone enantiomer.	Methadone	107-118	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	59-62
21694616-10	2011	We conclude that genetic polymorphisms in the CYP2B6 gene may therefore be indicators of the clearance, plasma concentration and C/D ratio of S-methadone.	Methadone	142-153	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	46-52
20514076-0	2011	beta-Arrestin2 influences the response to methadone in opioid-dependent patients.	Methadone	42-51	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	0-14
20514076-1	2011	beta-Arrestin2 (ARRB2) is a component of the G-protein-coupled receptor complex and is involved in mu-opioid and dopamine D(2) receptor signaling, two central processes in methadone signal transduction.	Methadone	172-181	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	0-14
20514076-1	2011	beta-Arrestin2 (ARRB2) is a component of the G-protein-coupled receptor complex and is involved in mu-opioid and dopamine D(2) receptor signaling, two central processes in methadone signal transduction.	Methadone	172-181	arrestin beta 2	Homo sapiens	16-21
20514076-1	2011	beta-Arrestin2 (ARRB2) is a component of the G-protein-coupled receptor complex and is involved in mu-opioid and dopamine D(2) receptor signaling, two central processes in methadone signal transduction.	Methadone	172-181	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	113-135
22035341-3	2011	Methadone is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and to a lesser extent by CYP 1A2, 2D6, 2D8, 2C9/2C8, 2C19, and 2B6.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	40-65
22035341-3	2011	Methadone is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and to a lesser extent by CYP 1A2, 2D6, 2D8, 2C9/2C8, 2C19, and 2B6.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	92-99
21666091-8	2011	Methadone is a synthetic opioid primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and, to a lesser degree, by other isoenzymes, including CYP1A2.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	57-63
21666091-8	2011	Methadone is a synthetic opioid primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and, to a lesser degree, by other isoenzymes, including CYP1A2.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	120-126
30200042-4	2011	We report a case of a 30 year old non-pregnant, non-puerperal, opioid-dependent, HIV positive woman on long-term methadone maintenance programme, who presented with bilateral, milky nipple discharge, associated with painful breast lumps, but with serum prolactin levels below the normal range.	Methadone	113-122	prolactin	Homo sapiens	253-262
21422164-5	2011	We found that the clinically relevant MOR agonist methadone promotes endocytosis of MOR but also the DOR/MOR heteromer.	Methadone	50-59	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	38-41
21422164-5	2011	We found that the clinically relevant MOR agonist methadone promotes endocytosis of MOR but also the DOR/MOR heteromer.	Methadone	50-59	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	84-87
21422164-5	2011	We found that the clinically relevant MOR agonist methadone promotes endocytosis of MOR but also the DOR/MOR heteromer.	Methadone	50-59	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	84-87
21422164-6	2011	Furthermore, we show that DOR/MOR heteromers that are endocytosed in response to methadone are targeted for degradation, whereas MORs in the same cell are significantly more stable.	Methadone	81-90	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
21589866-0	2011	Contribution of cytochrome P450 and ABCB1 genetic variability on methadone pharmacokinetics, dose requirements, and response.	Methadone	65-74	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
21589866-9	2011	Only CYP2D6 metabolizing phenotype differences were found in outcome status, methadone dose requirements, and plasma concentrations, being higher in the ultrarapid metabolizers.	Methadone	77-86	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	5-11
21492388-0	2011	The effects of concurrent administration of cytochrome P-450 inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of oral methadone in healthy dogs.	Methadone	104-113	Cytochrome P450 1A1	Canis lupus familiaris	44-60
21145398-0	2011	Methadone induces CAD degradation and AIF-mediated necrotic-like cell death in neuroblastoma cells.	Methadone	0-9	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1	Homo sapiens	38-41
21145398-6	2011	Here, we studied the participation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in methadone-induced cell death.	Methadone	73-82	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1	Homo sapiens	38-63
21145398-6	2011	Here, we studied the participation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) in methadone-induced cell death.	Methadone	73-82	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1	Homo sapiens	65-68
21145398-7	2011	Methadone resulted in a translocation of AIF from mitochondria to the nucleus.	Methadone	0-9	apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1	Homo sapiens	41-44
21216264-7	2011	Fos expression revealed considerable differences in the responses of WLP and WHP rats to morphine challenge, particularly after methadone pretreatment.	Methadone	128-137	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
21094671-0	2011	Inhibitory action of methadone and its metabolites on erg-mediated K+ current in GH3 pituitary tumor cells.	Methadone	21-30	ETS transcription factor ERG	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
21094671-1	2011	Methadone (Mtd) is a widely used opioid drug associated with the side effect of hyperprolactinemia.	Methadone	0-9	BCL2-related ovarian killer	Mus musculus	11-14
21158011-0	2011	CYP2B6 and OPRM1 gene variations predict methadone-related deaths.	Methadone	41-50	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
21158011-0	2011	CYP2B6 and OPRM1 gene variations predict methadone-related deaths.	Methadone	41-50	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	11-16
21158011-3	2011	A significant association between high methadone concentrations and the CYP2B6*6 allele characteristic of the slow metabolizer phenotype was identified.	Methadone	39-48	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	72-78
21158011-4	2011	We suggest that the risk of methadone fatality may be predetermined in part by the CYP2B6*6 allele.	Methadone	28-37	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	83-89
21158011-5	2011	A significant correlation was also observed between post-mortem benzodiazepine concentrations and the OPRM1 A118G allele GA in methadone-related fatalities.	Methadone	127-136	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	102-107
20825389-1	2011	In vitro metabolism of methadone was investigated in cytochrome P450 (CYP) supersomes and phenotyped human liver microsomes (HLMs) to reconcile past findings on CYP involvement in stereo-selective metabolism of methadone.	Methadone	23-32	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	53-68
20825389-1	2011	In vitro metabolism of methadone was investigated in cytochrome P450 (CYP) supersomes and phenotyped human liver microsomes (HLMs) to reconcile past findings on CYP involvement in stereo-selective metabolism of methadone.	Methadone	23-32	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	70-73
20825389-1	2011	In vitro metabolism of methadone was investigated in cytochrome P450 (CYP) supersomes and phenotyped human liver microsomes (HLMs) to reconcile past findings on CYP involvement in stereo-selective metabolism of methadone.	Methadone	23-32	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	161-164
20825389-1	2011	In vitro metabolism of methadone was investigated in cytochrome P450 (CYP) supersomes and phenotyped human liver microsomes (HLMs) to reconcile past findings on CYP involvement in stereo-selective metabolism of methadone.	Methadone	211-220	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	161-164
20825389-3	2011	CYP supersome activity for methadone use and EDDP formation ranked CYP2B6 &gt; 3A4 &gt; 2C19 &gt; 2D6 &gt; 2C18, 3A7 &gt; 2C8, 2C9, 3A5.	Methadone	27-36	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
21827411-3	2011	The effects of morphine, methadone and loperamide on the CNS are modulated by P-gp.	Methadone	25-34	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
20930594-4	2010	Using patch clamp recording in human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and stably transfected mammalian cells, we found that methadone produced concentration-dependent AP prolongation and ion channel block at low micromolar concentrations: hERG (IC50 = 1.7 muM), hNav1.5 (11.2 muM tonic block; 5.5 muM phasic block), and hCav1.2 (26.7 muM tonic block; 7.7 muM phasic block).	Methadone	124-133	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	239-243
20930594-4	2010	Using patch clamp recording in human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and stably transfected mammalian cells, we found that methadone produced concentration-dependent AP prolongation and ion channel block at low micromolar concentrations: hERG (IC50 = 1.7 muM), hNav1.5 (11.2 muM tonic block; 5.5 muM phasic block), and hCav1.2 (26.7 muM tonic block; 7.7 muM phasic block).	Methadone	124-133	latexin	Homo sapiens	256-259
20930594-4	2010	Using patch clamp recording in human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and stably transfected mammalian cells, we found that methadone produced concentration-dependent AP prolongation and ion channel block at low micromolar concentrations: hERG (IC50 = 1.7 muM), hNav1.5 (11.2 muM tonic block; 5.5 muM phasic block), and hCav1.2 (26.7 muM tonic block; 7.7 muM phasic block).	Methadone	124-133	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Homo sapiens	262-269
20930594-4	2010	Using patch clamp recording in human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and stably transfected mammalian cells, we found that methadone produced concentration-dependent AP prolongation and ion channel block at low micromolar concentrations: hERG (IC50 = 1.7 muM), hNav1.5 (11.2 muM tonic block; 5.5 muM phasic block), and hCav1.2 (26.7 muM tonic block; 7.7 muM phasic block).	Methadone	124-133	latexin	Homo sapiens	276-279
20930594-4	2010	Using patch clamp recording in human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and stably transfected mammalian cells, we found that methadone produced concentration-dependent AP prolongation and ion channel block at low micromolar concentrations: hERG (IC50 = 1.7 muM), hNav1.5 (11.2 muM tonic block; 5.5 muM phasic block), and hCav1.2 (26.7 muM tonic block; 7.7 muM phasic block).	Methadone	124-133	latexin	Homo sapiens	276-279
20930594-4	2010	Using patch clamp recording in human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and stably transfected mammalian cells, we found that methadone produced concentration-dependent AP prolongation and ion channel block at low micromolar concentrations: hERG (IC50 = 1.7 muM), hNav1.5 (11.2 muM tonic block; 5.5 muM phasic block), and hCav1.2 (26.7 muM tonic block; 7.7 muM phasic block).	Methadone	124-133	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C	Homo sapiens	320-327
20930594-4	2010	Using patch clamp recording in human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and stably transfected mammalian cells, we found that methadone produced concentration-dependent AP prolongation and ion channel block at low micromolar concentrations: hERG (IC50 = 1.7 muM), hNav1.5 (11.2 muM tonic block; 5.5 muM phasic block), and hCav1.2 (26.7 muM tonic block; 7.7 muM phasic block).	Methadone	124-133	latexin	Homo sapiens	276-279
20930594-4	2010	Using patch clamp recording in human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes and stably transfected mammalian cells, we found that methadone produced concentration-dependent AP prolongation and ion channel block at low micromolar concentrations: hERG (IC50 = 1.7 muM), hNav1.5 (11.2 muM tonic block; 5.5 muM phasic block), and hCav1.2 (26.7 muM tonic block; 7.7 muM phasic block).	Methadone	124-133	latexin	Homo sapiens	276-279
20930594-5	2010	Methadone was less potent in hKv4.3/hKChIP2.2 (IC50 = 39.0 muM) and hKvLQT1/hminK (53.3 muM).	Methadone	0-9	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3	Homo sapiens	29-35
20930594-5	2010	Methadone was less potent in hKv4.3/hKChIP2.2 (IC50 = 39.0 muM) and hKvLQT1/hminK (53.3 muM).	Methadone	0-9	latexin	Homo sapiens	59-62
20930594-5	2010	Methadone was less potent in hKv4.3/hKChIP2.2 (IC50 = 39.0 muM) and hKvLQT1/hminK (53.3 muM).	Methadone	0-9	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Homo sapiens	68-81
20930594-5	2010	Methadone was less potent in hKv4.3/hKChIP2.2 (IC50 = 39.0 muM) and hKvLQT1/hminK (53.3 muM).	Methadone	0-9	latexin	Homo sapiens	88-91
20930594-8	2010	Thus, although diazepam alone does not prolong the QT interval, the relief of methadone-induced Na channel block may leave hERG K channel block uncompensated, thereby increasing cardiac risk.	Methadone	78-87	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	123-127
20467834-3	2010	The opioid agonist methadone has previously been demonstrated to inhibit hERG currents, and there are reports of serious cardiac arrhythmias and deaths from TdP and ventricular fibrillation in patients taking methadone.	Methadone	19-28	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	73-77
20467834-3	2010	The opioid agonist methadone has previously been demonstrated to inhibit hERG currents, and there are reports of serious cardiac arrhythmias and deaths from TdP and ventricular fibrillation in patients taking methadone.	Methadone	209-218	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	73-77
20467834-4	2010	The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of the opioid agonists methadone and heroin (3,6-diacetylmorphine) on hERG currents stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells using the whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique.	Methadone	79-88	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	126-130
20467834-5	2010	Both methadone and heroin inhibit hERG currents in a concentration-dependent manner.	Methadone	5-14	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	34-38
20467834-7	2010	In conclusion, the potency for block of hERG currents is about 100-fold lower for heroin when compared to methadone.	Methadone	106-115	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	40-44
20668445-0	2010	OPRM1 and CYP2B6 gene variants as risk factors in methadone-related deaths.	Methadone	50-59	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
20668445-0	2010	OPRM1 and CYP2B6 gene variants as risk factors in methadone-related deaths.	Methadone	50-59	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	10-16
20668445-2	2010	We have examined the association between CYP2B6 and micro-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene variations and apparent susceptibility to methadone poisoning.	Methadone	129-138	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	41-47
20668445-2	2010	We have examined the association between CYP2B6 and micro-opioid receptor (OPRM1) gene variations and apparent susceptibility to methadone poisoning.	Methadone	129-138	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	75-80
20668445-5	2010	CYP2B6 *4, *9, and *6 alleles were found to be associated with higher postmortem methadone concentrations in blood (P &lt; or = 0.05).	Methadone	81-90	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
20668445-6	2010	OPRM1 A118G was also associated with higher postmortem methadone concentrations in blood but not to a level of statistical significance (P = 0.39).	Methadone	55-64	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
20668445-7	2010	In these methadone-related deaths, OPRM1 118GA was associated with higher postmortem benzodiazepine concentrations (P = 0.04), a finding not associated with morphine-related deaths.	Methadone	9-18	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
20668445-8	2010	The risk of a methadone-related fatality during treatment may be evaluated in part by screening for CYP2B6*6 and A118G.	Methadone	14-23	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	100-106
20410453-0	2010	Methadone: a substrate and mechanism-based inhibitor of CYP19 (aromatase).	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	56-61
20410453-7	2010	Preincubation of methadone, EDDP, or EMDP with CYP19 resulted in time- and concentration-dependent inhibition, indicating a mechanism-based reaction that destroys CYP19 activity.	Methadone	17-26	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
20410453-7	2010	Preincubation of methadone, EDDP, or EMDP with CYP19 resulted in time- and concentration-dependent inhibition, indicating a mechanism-based reaction that destroys CYP19 activity.	Methadone	17-26	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	163-168
20410453-10	2010	Methadone is metabolized by CYP19 and may act as a potent inhibitor of CYP19 in vivo.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	28-33
20410453-10	2010	Methadone is metabolized by CYP19 and may act as a potent inhibitor of CYP19 in vivo.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	71-76
19887017-2	2010	The limited data obtained using in-vitro models indicate that methadone, buprenorphine, and cannabinoids may interact with human P-gp; but almost nothing is known about drugs of abuse and BCRP.	Methadone	62-71	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	129-133
19887017-5	2010	Human P-gp was significantly inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by norbuprenorphine&gt;buprenorphine&gt;methadone&gt;ibogaine and THC.	Methadone	115-124	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	6-10
19887017-8	2010	Norbuprenorphine (transport efflux ratio approoximately 11) and methadone (transport efflux ratio approoximately 1.9) transport was P-gp-mediated; however, with no significant stereo-selectivity regarding methadone enantiomers.	Methadone	64-73	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
20484152-9	2010	Whereas fluconazole and ketoconazole inhibited UGT2B4- and UGT2B7-catalyzed COD glucuronidation to a similar extent, inhibition by dextropropoxyphene and methadone resulted largely from an effect on UGT2B4.	Methadone	154-163	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B7	Homo sapiens	59-65
19904716-2	2010	This method was established by the characteristics of recombinant cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isozymes, where CYP2C19 prefers to metabolize R-methadone and CYP2B6 prefers to metabolize S-methadone.	Methadone	135-146	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	66-82
19904716-2	2010	This method was established by the characteristics of recombinant cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isozymes, where CYP2C19 prefers to metabolize R-methadone and CYP2B6 prefers to metabolize S-methadone.	Methadone	135-146	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	84-87
19904716-2	2010	This method was established by the characteristics of recombinant cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isozymes, where CYP2C19 prefers to metabolize R-methadone and CYP2B6 prefers to metabolize S-methadone.	Methadone	135-146	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	105-112
19904716-2	2010	This method was established by the characteristics of recombinant cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isozymes, where CYP2C19 prefers to metabolize R-methadone and CYP2B6 prefers to metabolize S-methadone.	Methadone	180-191	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	66-82
19904716-2	2010	This method was established by the characteristics of recombinant cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isozymes, where CYP2C19 prefers to metabolize R-methadone and CYP2B6 prefers to metabolize S-methadone.	Methadone	180-191	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	84-87
19904716-2	2010	This method was established by the characteristics of recombinant cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isozymes, where CYP2C19 prefers to metabolize R-methadone and CYP2B6 prefers to metabolize S-methadone.	Methadone	180-191	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	105-112
19904716-2	2010	This method was established by the characteristics of recombinant cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isozymes, where CYP2C19 prefers to metabolize R-methadone and CYP2B6 prefers to metabolize S-methadone.	Methadone	180-191	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	151-157
20237803-9	2010	These changes in methylation of the OPRM1 promoter region may lead to altered expression of the mu-opioid receptor gene in the lymphocytes of former heroin addicts who are stabilized in methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	186-195	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
20560679-0	2010	Response to methadone maintenance treatment is associated with the MYOCD and GRM6 genes.	Methadone	12-21	myocardin	Homo sapiens	67-72
20560679-0	2010	Response to methadone maintenance treatment is associated with the MYOCD and GRM6 genes.	Methadone	12-21	glutamate metabotropic receptor 6	Homo sapiens	77-81
20560679-3	2010	OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the associations between response to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and polymorphisms in genes coding for the OPRM1 opioid receptor, the metabotropic glutamate receptors GRM6 and GRM8, the nuclear receptor NR4A2, the photolyase enzyme cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), and the transcription factor myocardin (MYOCD), which have previously been associated with the risk of opioid dependence disorder.	Methadone	80-89	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	160-165
20560679-3	2010	OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the associations between response to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and polymorphisms in genes coding for the OPRM1 opioid receptor, the metabotropic glutamate receptors GRM6 and GRM8, the nuclear receptor NR4A2, the photolyase enzyme cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), and the transcription factor myocardin (MYOCD), which have previously been associated with the risk of opioid dependence disorder.	Methadone	80-89	glutamate metabotropic receptor 6	Homo sapiens	220-224
20560679-3	2010	OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the associations between response to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and polymorphisms in genes coding for the OPRM1 opioid receptor, the metabotropic glutamate receptors GRM6 and GRM8, the nuclear receptor NR4A2, the photolyase enzyme cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), and the transcription factor myocardin (MYOCD), which have previously been associated with the risk of opioid dependence disorder.	Methadone	80-89	glutamate metabotropic receptor 8	Homo sapiens	229-233
20560679-3	2010	OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the associations between response to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and polymorphisms in genes coding for the OPRM1 opioid receptor, the metabotropic glutamate receptors GRM6 and GRM8, the nuclear receptor NR4A2, the photolyase enzyme cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), and the transcription factor myocardin (MYOCD), which have previously been associated with the risk of opioid dependence disorder.	Methadone	80-89	nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2	Homo sapiens	256-261
20560679-3	2010	OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the associations between response to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and polymorphisms in genes coding for the OPRM1 opioid receptor, the metabotropic glutamate receptors GRM6 and GRM8, the nuclear receptor NR4A2, the photolyase enzyme cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), and the transcription factor myocardin (MYOCD), which have previously been associated with the risk of opioid dependence disorder.	Methadone	80-89	cryptochrome circadian regulator 1	Homo sapiens	285-299
20560679-3	2010	OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the associations between response to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and polymorphisms in genes coding for the OPRM1 opioid receptor, the metabotropic glutamate receptors GRM6 and GRM8, the nuclear receptor NR4A2, the photolyase enzyme cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), and the transcription factor myocardin (MYOCD), which have previously been associated with the risk of opioid dependence disorder.	Methadone	80-89	cryptochrome circadian regulator 1	Homo sapiens	301-305
20560679-3	2010	OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the associations between response to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and polymorphisms in genes coding for the OPRM1 opioid receptor, the metabotropic glutamate receptors GRM6 and GRM8, the nuclear receptor NR4A2, the photolyase enzyme cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), and the transcription factor myocardin (MYOCD), which have previously been associated with the risk of opioid dependence disorder.	Methadone	80-89	myocardin	Homo sapiens	337-346
20560679-3	2010	OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the associations between response to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and polymorphisms in genes coding for the OPRM1 opioid receptor, the metabotropic glutamate receptors GRM6 and GRM8, the nuclear receptor NR4A2, the photolyase enzyme cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), and the transcription factor myocardin (MYOCD), which have previously been associated with the risk of opioid dependence disorder.	Methadone	80-89	myocardin	Homo sapiens	348-353
20560679-16	2010	CONCLUSIONS: A positive association was observed between response to methadone and two variants in the genes MYOCD and GRM6.	Methadone	69-78	myocardin	Homo sapiens	109-114
20560679-16	2010	CONCLUSIONS: A positive association was observed between response to methadone and two variants in the genes MYOCD and GRM6.	Methadone	69-78	glutamate metabotropic receptor 6	Homo sapiens	119-123
20163925-3	2010	There was no significant change in the proportion of alcohol positive cases, but the proportion of benzodiazepine positive cases increased across time (OR 1.11), as did methadone positive cases (OR 1.12).	Methadone	169-178	olfactory receptor family 7 subfamily E member 11 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	195-202
20178837-5	2010	Chronic intrathecal (+)-methadone produced hyperalgesia and allodynia, which were associated with significantly increased spinal glial activation (TLR4 mRNA and protein) and the expression of multiple chemokines and cytokines.	Methadone	20-33	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	147-151
20178837-7	2010	Acute intrathecal (+)-methadone and (+)-morphine were also found to induce microglial, interleukin-1 and TLR4/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2) dependent enhancement of pain responsivity.	Methadone	18-31	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	87-100
20178837-7	2010	Acute intrathecal (+)-methadone and (+)-morphine were also found to induce microglial, interleukin-1 and TLR4/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2) dependent enhancement of pain responsivity.	Methadone	18-31	lymphocyte antigen 96	Homo sapiens	105-142
20178837-7	2010	Acute intrathecal (+)-methadone and (+)-morphine were also found to induce microglial, interleukin-1 and TLR4/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2) dependent enhancement of pain responsivity.	Methadone	18-31	lymphocyte antigen 96	Homo sapiens	144-148
20178837-8	2010	In silico docking analysis demonstrated (+)-naloxone sensitive docking of (+)-methadone and (+)-morphine to human MD-2.	Methadone	74-87	lymphocyte antigen 96	Homo sapiens	114-118
20153313-3	2010	In the present study, using Real-time PCR, the mRNA expression of NR2D and NR3B subunits of NMDA glutamate receptor has been investigated in peripheral blood lymphocytes of four groups each comprising of 25 male individuals: opioid addicts, methadone maintained patients, long-term abstinent former opioid addicts, and non-addicted control subjects.	Methadone	241-250	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2D	Homo sapiens	66-70
20153313-5	2010	However, the NR3B mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated by the factors 9.11 (P&lt;0.001), 10.07 (P&lt;0.001) and 4.08 (P&lt;0.05) in abstinent, addicted and methadone maintained subjects, respectively relative to control group.	Methadone	166-175	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3B	Homo sapiens	13-17
20153313-8	2010	In addition, considerable decrease in the up-regulated state of the NR3B subunit by methadone may represent another benefit of methadone therapy for opioid addicts and may serve as a suitable marker to evaluate the successfulness of therapy.	Methadone	84-93	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3B	Homo sapiens	68-72
20153313-8	2010	In addition, considerable decrease in the up-regulated state of the NR3B subunit by methadone may represent another benefit of methadone therapy for opioid addicts and may serve as a suitable marker to evaluate the successfulness of therapy.	Methadone	127-136	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 3B	Homo sapiens	68-72
19914603-6	2010	In contrast, we show that RGS4 does not affect morphine analgesia or tolerance but is a positive modulator of certain opiate analgesics, such as methadone and fentanyl.	Methadone	145-154	regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Mus musculus	26-30
20308640-2	2010	The opioid effect is mainly mediated by (R)-methadone, whereas (S)-methadone blocks the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) voltage-gated potassium channel more potently, which can cause drug-induced long QT syndrome, leading to potentially lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias.	Methadone	63-76	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	122-126
20212915-8	2010	Proposition #5 The first 3 amino acid sequences of beta endorphin (l-try-gly-gly) and the active opioid dipeptide, l-tyr-pro, (as a result of a peptide turn and zwitterion bonding) form a virtual piperazine-like ring which is similar in size, shape and location to the heterocyclic rings of morphine, meperidine, and methadone.	Methadone	317-326	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	51-65
20201854-3	2010	In addition, we provide the first evidence of a cis-acting polymorphism and a functional haplotype in the PDYN gene, of significantly higher DNA methylation rate of the OPRM1 gene in the lymphocytes of heroin addicts, and significant differences in genotype frequencies of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the P-glycoprotein gene (ABCB1) between "higher" and "lower" methadone doses in methadone-maintained patients.	Methadone	375-384	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	106-110
20201854-3	2010	In addition, we provide the first evidence of a cis-acting polymorphism and a functional haplotype in the PDYN gene, of significantly higher DNA methylation rate of the OPRM1 gene in the lymphocytes of heroin addicts, and significant differences in genotype frequencies of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the P-glycoprotein gene (ABCB1) between "higher" and "lower" methadone doses in methadone-maintained patients.	Methadone	375-384	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	169-174
20201854-3	2010	In addition, we provide the first evidence of a cis-acting polymorphism and a functional haplotype in the PDYN gene, of significantly higher DNA methylation rate of the OPRM1 gene in the lymphocytes of heroin addicts, and significant differences in genotype frequencies of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the P-glycoprotein gene (ABCB1) between "higher" and "lower" methadone doses in methadone-maintained patients.	Methadone	394-403	prodynorphin	Homo sapiens	106-110
20201854-3	2010	In addition, we provide the first evidence of a cis-acting polymorphism and a functional haplotype in the PDYN gene, of significantly higher DNA methylation rate of the OPRM1 gene in the lymphocytes of heroin addicts, and significant differences in genotype frequencies of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the P-glycoprotein gene (ABCB1) between "higher" and "lower" methadone doses in methadone-maintained patients.	Methadone	394-403	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	169-174
20002023-13	2010	Additionally, methadone-induced increase in T(E) is caused by mu1- and delta-opioid receptors while increase in T(I) is caused by mu-ORs.	Methadone	14-23	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 4	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
19744579-1	2009	Methadone is administered as a racemic mixture, although its analgesic and respiratory effects are attributed to R-isomer activity at the mu opioid receptor (MOP).	Methadone	0-9	mu-type opioid receptor	Cavia porcellus	138-156
19744579-1	2009	Methadone is administered as a racemic mixture, although its analgesic and respiratory effects are attributed to R-isomer activity at the mu opioid receptor (MOP).	Methadone	0-9	mu-type opioid receptor	Cavia porcellus	158-161
19370547-0	2009	Differential involvement of P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) in permeability, tissue distribution, and antinociceptive activity of methadone, buprenorphine, and diprenorphine: in vitro and in vivo evaluation.	Methadone	121-130	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Mus musculus	44-49
19370547-4	2009	The objective of this study was to evaluate the P-gp affinity status of methadone, buprenorphine and diprenorphine to predict P-gp-mediated drug-drug interactions and to determine a better candidate for management of opioid dependence.	Methadone	72-81	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	48-52
19370547-4	2009	The objective of this study was to evaluate the P-gp affinity status of methadone, buprenorphine and diprenorphine to predict P-gp-mediated drug-drug interactions and to determine a better candidate for management of opioid dependence.	Methadone	72-81	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	126-130
19370547-6	2009	Methadone stimulated the P-gp ATPase activity only at higher concentrations, while verapamil and GF120918 inhibited its efflux (p &lt; 0.05).	Methadone	0-9	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	25-29
19370547-7	2009	The brain distribution and antinociceptive activity of methadone were enhanced (p &lt; 0.05) in P-gp knockout mice.	Methadone	55-64	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	96-100
19370547-9	2009	P-gp can affect the PK/PD of methadone, but not buprenorphine or diprenorphine.	Methadone	29-38	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	0-4
19935937-3	2009	This article presents a short overview of drug interactions with methadone and buprenorphine, as an aid to medical doctors in contact with these patients.	Methadone	65-74	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	100-103
19591810-11	2009	Furthermore, the method was used to determine the effects of methadone, buprenorphine, and morphine on paclitaxel transfer by placental P-gp and revealed that they have higher affinity to the transporter than its classical inhibitor verapamil (K(i), 300 microM).	Methadone	61-70	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	136-140
19801957-3	2009	METHODS: We phenotyped 251 individuals from two independent studies (182 patients treated with methadone and 69 patients with clozapine) for CYP3A activity using the midazolam phenotyping test and genotyped them for CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 genetic variants, including the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4646437C&gt;T in intron 7 of CYP3A4.	Methadone	95-104	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	141-146
19754917-1	2009	Methadone hydrochloride is a synthetic mu-opioid receptor agonist with potent analgesic properties.	Methadone	0-23	mu-opioid receptor	Equus caballus	39-57
19520773-0	2009	Methadone induces the expression of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes through the activation of pregnane X receptor and constitutive androstane receptor.	Methadone	0-9	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	96-115
19520773-0	2009	Methadone induces the expression of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes through the activation of pregnane X receptor and constitutive androstane receptor.	Methadone	0-9	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3	Homo sapiens	120-152
19481580-0	2009	Methadone is substantially less effective than morphine in modifying locomotor and brain Fos responses to subsequent methadone challenge in rats.	Methadone	0-9	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
19481580-0	2009	Methadone is substantially less effective than morphine in modifying locomotor and brain Fos responses to subsequent methadone challenge in rats.	Methadone	117-126	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
19481580-8	2009	The rats given the lower methadone dose treatment showed a weak while widespread tendency for an opposite change, which reached significance in cingulate cortex layer II/III and resulted in significant differences in Fos response between these rats and the morphine-treated rats in most regions studied.	Methadone	25-34	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	217-220
19519662-5	2009	Our results demonstrate that receptor-internalizing agonists (like DAMGO, beta-endorphin, methadone, piritramide, fentanyl, sufentanil, and etonitazene) strongly induce NADH/NADPH-mediated ROS synthesis via PLD-dependent signaling pathways, whereas agonists that do not induce MOPr endocytosis and PLD2 activation (like morphine, buprenorphine, hydromorphone, and oxycodone) failed to activate ROS synthesis in transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells.	Methadone	90-99	glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	207-210
19519662-5	2009	Our results demonstrate that receptor-internalizing agonists (like DAMGO, beta-endorphin, methadone, piritramide, fentanyl, sufentanil, and etonitazene) strongly induce NADH/NADPH-mediated ROS synthesis via PLD-dependent signaling pathways, whereas agonists that do not induce MOPr endocytosis and PLD2 activation (like morphine, buprenorphine, hydromorphone, and oxycodone) failed to activate ROS synthesis in transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells.	Methadone	90-99	phospholipase D2	Homo sapiens	298-302
18951777-8	2009	Controlling for other covariates in the multivariate Cox model, a higher methadone dose was found to predict higher client retention.	Methadone	73-82	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	53-56
19373123-0	2009	Genetic variants altering dopamine D2 receptor expression or function modulate the risk of opiate addiction and the dosage requirements of methadone substitution.	Methadone	139-148	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	26-46
19373123-2	2009	Here, we comprehensively analyzed the DRD2 gene locus, and in addition, the ANKK1 rs1800497C&gt;T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), formerly known as "dopamine D2 receptor Taq1A C&gt;T polymorphism", for associations with the risk of opiate addiction and the methadone dosage requirements.	Methadone	263-272	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	155-175
19373123-6	2009	The average and maximum daily methadone doses were significantly associated with the DRD2 rs6275C&gt;T SNP (P=0.016 and 0.005 for average and maximum dose, respectively).	Methadone	30-39	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	85-89
19373123-9	2009	CONCLUSION: On the basis of an analysis spanning the whole gene locus, from the DRD2 promoter to the ANKK1 rs1800497C&gt;T polymorphism, DRD2 genetic polymorphisms modulate both the risk of opiate addiction, leading to the necessity of methadone substitution therapy, and the course of this therapy in terms of dosage requirements.	Methadone	236-245	ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	101-106
19373123-9	2009	CONCLUSION: On the basis of an analysis spanning the whole gene locus, from the DRD2 promoter to the ANKK1 rs1800497C&gt;T polymorphism, DRD2 genetic polymorphisms modulate both the risk of opiate addiction, leading to the necessity of methadone substitution therapy, and the course of this therapy in terms of dosage requirements.	Methadone	236-245	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	137-141
19232844-2	2009	Methadone clearance and the drug interactions have been attributed to CYP3A4, but actual mechanisms of methadone clearance and the nelfinavir interaction are unknown.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	70-76
19400959-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Laboratory tests for routine drug of abuse and toxicology (DOA/Tox) screening, often used in emergency medicine, generally utilize antibody-based tests (immunoassays) to detect classes of drugs such as amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, opiates, and tricyclic antidepressants, or individual drugs such as cocaine, methadone, and phencyclidine.	Methadone	336-345	thymocyte selection associated high mobility group box	Homo sapiens	75-78
18650805-0	2009	Increased OPRM1 DNA methylation in lymphocytes of methadone-maintained former heroin addicts.	Methadone	50-59	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	10-15
22190985-5	2009	The pronounced inhibitory impact of voriconazole on methadone metabolism via the cytochrome P450 (CYP)2B6 isoenzyme was identified as a probable cause of the arrhythmia.	Methadone	52-61	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	81-105
19133059-0	2009	Contribution of the activities of CYP3A, CYP2D6, CYP1A2 and other potential covariates to the disposition of methadone in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	109-118	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	34-39
19133059-0	2009	Contribution of the activities of CYP3A, CYP2D6, CYP1A2 and other potential covariates to the disposition of methadone in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	109-118	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	41-47
19133059-0	2009	Contribution of the activities of CYP3A, CYP2D6, CYP1A2 and other potential covariates to the disposition of methadone in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	109-118	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	49-55
19133059-1	2009	AIMS: To investigate the influence of different cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities and other potential covariates on the disposition of methadone in patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).	Methadone	134-143	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	48-63
19133059-1	2009	AIMS: To investigate the influence of different cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities and other potential covariates on the disposition of methadone in patients on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT).	Methadone	134-143	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	65-68
19133059-7	2009	RESULTS: Between 61 and 68% of the overall variation in total plasma trough concentrations of (RS)-, (R)- and (S)-methadone was explained by methadone dose, duration of addiction before starting MMT, CYP3A activity and illicit morphine use.	Methadone	110-123	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	200-205
19133059-7	2009	RESULTS: Between 61 and 68% of the overall variation in total plasma trough concentrations of (RS)-, (R)- and (S)-methadone was explained by methadone dose, duration of addiction before starting MMT, CYP3A activity and illicit morphine use.	Methadone	114-123	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	200-205
19133059-8	2009	CYP3A activity explained 22, 16, 15 and 23% of the variation in unbound (R)-, unbound (S)-, total (RS)- and total (S)-methadone clearances, respectively.	Methadone	118-127	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	0-5
19133059-10	2009	CONCLUSIONS: CYP3A activity has a modest influence on methadone disposition.	Methadone	54-63	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	13-18
18984955-9	2009	At 0.1, 0.3 and 1 mM, s-methadone reduced HERG current by 50 +/- 4, 76 +/- 5 and 87 +/- 5%, respectively, while r-methadone reduced HERG current by 26 +/- 4, 53 +/- 3 and 77 +/- 3%, respectively.	Methadone	22-33	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	42-46
18984955-9	2009	At 0.1, 0.3 and 1 mM, s-methadone reduced HERG current by 50 +/- 4, 76 +/- 5 and 87 +/- 5%, respectively, while r-methadone reduced HERG current by 26 +/- 4, 53 +/- 3 and 77 +/- 3%, respectively.	Methadone	112-123	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	132-136
19902987-13	2009	Genetically caused inactivity of CYP2D6 renders codeine ineffective owing to lack of morphine formation, decreases the efficacy of tramadol owing to reduced formation of the active O-desmethyl-tramadol and reduces the clearance of methadone.	Methadone	231-240	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	33-39
18674871-2	2009	In this study, we examined the link between resting rCBF in the PFC and current depressive symptoms in methadone-maintained opiate-dependent (MM) patients with or without major depression.	Methadone	103-112	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
19356104-4	2008	Therefore, the methadone-maintenance-treatment outcome should be evaluated when patients are treated with drugs which are supposed to induce CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 isoforms.	Methadone	15-24	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	141-147
19356104-4	2008	Therefore, the methadone-maintenance-treatment outcome should be evaluated when patients are treated with drugs which are supposed to induce CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 isoforms.	Methadone	15-24	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	152-158
19238656-2	2008	Ritonavir diminishes methadone plasma concentrations, an effect attributed to CYP3A induction, but the actual mechanisms are unknown.	Methadone	21-30	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	78-83
18587007-4	2008	On stimulation with selected agonists ([D-Ala(2),N-MePhe(4),Gly-ol(5)]enkephalin, enkephalin-heptapeptide Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met-Arg-Phe, morphine, and methadone), surface density of the MOP decreased, whereas the lateral mobility increased.	Methadone	149-158	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	82-92
18671992-10	2008	Also, methadone treatment decreased the proinflammatory Th1 cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma] and increased anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10).	Methadone	6-15	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	127-143
18671992-10	2008	Also, methadone treatment decreased the proinflammatory Th1 cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma] and increased anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10).	Methadone	6-15	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	192-196
18671992-10	2008	Also, methadone treatment decreased the proinflammatory Th1 cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma] and increased anti-inflammatory Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10).	Methadone	6-15	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	201-206
18781911-5	2008	These individual differences may result in variable systemic exposure to drugs metabolized by CYP2B6, including the antineoplastics cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide, the antiretrovirals nevirapine and efavirenz, the anesthetics propofol and ketamine, the synthetic opioid methadone, and the anti-Parkinsonian selegiline.	Methadone	271-280	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	94-100
18479840-10	2008	A re-assessment of the treatment efficacy through a possible dosage increase or a switch to methadone could potentially reduce diversion and assure sustained adherence to OST.	Methadone	92-101	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase non-catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	171-174
18485622-0	2008	Morphine and methadone pre-exposures differently modify brain regional Fos protein expression and locomotor activity responses to morphine challenge in the rat.	Methadone	13-22	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
18485622-6	2008	Minor Fos responses to morphine were also found in layers IV and VI of the somatosensory cortex and layer VI of the insular cortex of the drug-naive rats; these responses were significantly enhanced both by morphine and methadone pretreatment.	Methadone	220-229	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	6-9
18676827-3	2008	Methadone inhibited proliferation in leukemia cells and induced cell death through apoptosis induction and activated apoptosis pathways through the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, down-regulation of Bcl-x(L) and X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.	Methadone	0-9	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	162-171
18676827-3	2008	Methadone inhibited proliferation in leukemia cells and induced cell death through apoptosis induction and activated apoptosis pathways through the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, down-regulation of Bcl-x(L) and X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.	Methadone	0-9	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	176-185
18676827-3	2008	Methadone inhibited proliferation in leukemia cells and induced cell death through apoptosis induction and activated apoptosis pathways through the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, down-regulation of Bcl-x(L) and X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.	Methadone	0-9	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	206-214
18676827-3	2008	Methadone inhibited proliferation in leukemia cells and induced cell death through apoptosis induction and activated apoptosis pathways through the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, down-regulation of Bcl-x(L) and X chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.	Methadone	0-9	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	279-306
18676827-5	2008	Depending on caspase activation, methadone overcomes doxorubicin resistance, multidrug resistance, and apoptosis resistance in leukemia cells through activation of mitochondria.	Methadone	33-42	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	13-20
18424454-0	2008	ABCB1 (MDR1) genetic variants are associated with methadone doses required for effective treatment of heroin dependence.	Methadone	50-59	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
18424454-0	2008	ABCB1 (MDR1) genetic variants are associated with methadone doses required for effective treatment of heroin dependence.	Methadone	50-59	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	7-11
18424454-4	2008	Methadone is a substrate of the transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) 170 that is encoded by the ABCB1 (MDR1) gene.	Methadone	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	44-58
18424454-4	2008	Methadone is a substrate of the transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) 170 that is encoded by the ABCB1 (MDR1) gene.	Methadone	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
18424454-4	2008	Methadone is a substrate of the transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) 170 that is encoded by the ABCB1 (MDR1) gene.	Methadone	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	93-98
18424454-4	2008	Methadone is a substrate of the transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) 170 that is encoded by the ABCB1 (MDR1) gene.	Methadone	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	100-104
18424454-5	2008	Thus, P-gp variants may play a role in methadone absorption and distribution.	Methadone	39-48	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	6-10
18424454-6	2008	We assessed the association between ABCB1 polymorphisms and methadone dose requirements in 98 methadone-maintained patients.	Methadone	60-69	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	36-41
18424454-10	2008	These data suggest that specific ABCB1 variants may have clinical relevance by influencing the methadone dose required to prevent withdrawal symptoms and relapse in this population.	Methadone	95-104	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
18346864-6	2008	Independent of alexithymia, greater heart rate reactivity, and poorer heart rate recovery in response to experimental stressors were also significantly associated with lower production of MIP-1 alpha, adjusted for cardiovascular medications, methadone use, CD4(+) count, and age.	Methadone	242-251	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Homo sapiens	188-199
18182069-0	2008	BDNF variability in opioid addicts and response to methadone treatment: preliminary findings.	Methadone	51-60	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	0-4
18182069-2	2008	We conducted an exploratory study to evaluate BDNF variability in opioid addict responders and nonresponders to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).	Methadone	112-121	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	46-50
18182069-10	2008	These preliminary results might suggest the involvement of BDNF as a factor to be taken into account in the response to MMT independently of personality traits, environmental cues, methadone dosage and psychiatric comorbidity.	Methadone	181-190	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	59-63
18460585-0	2008	Role of CYP3A5 in abnormal clearance of methadone.	Methadone	40-49	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	8-14
18460585-12	2008	CONCLUSIONS: In this case, CYP3A5 polymorphism may have played a role in the rapid methadone metabolism.	Methadone	83-92	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5	Homo sapiens	27-33
18396338-3	2008	With hMDM, acute exposure to morphine and methadone inhibited phagocytosis in a dose-dependent manner.	Methadone	42-51	secreted LY6/PLAUR domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	5-9
18294814-6	2008	An altered Th1/Th2 balance, characterized by reduced IL-4, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha but normal IL-2 levels, was present in untreated heroin addicted subjects, while the Th1/Th2 balance was well conserved in the methadone and buprenorphine groups.	Methadone	210-219	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	11-14
18043689-0	2008	Methadone-induced QTc prolongation: is it due to stereoselective block of hERG or to inappropriate QT interval correction?	Methadone	0-9	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	74-78
18292673-0	2008	Role of CYP2B6 in stereoselective human methadone metabolism.	Methadone	40-49	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	8-14
18292673-2	2008	Initial in vitro studies attributed methadone metabolism to cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4).	Methadone	36-45	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	60-78
18292673-2	2008	Initial in vitro studies attributed methadone metabolism to cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4).	Methadone	36-45	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	80-86
18292673-3	2008	CYP3A4 was also assumed responsible for methadone clearance in vivo.	Methadone	40-49	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	0-6
18292673-4	2008	Nevertheless, recent clinical data do not support a primary role for CYP3A4 and suggest that CYP2B6 may mediate methadone clearance.	Methadone	112-121	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	93-99
18292673-7	2008	METHODS: N-demethylation of racemic methadone and individual enantiomers by expressed CYPs 2B6, 2C19, and 3A4 was evaluated.	Methadone	36-45	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	86-100
18292673-10	2008	RESULTS: At clinical concentrations, methadone enantiomer N-demethylation by recombinant CYPs 2B6, 3A4, and 2C19 was S &gt; R, S = R, and S &lt;&lt; R. Greater stereoselective metabolism (S &gt; R) occurred in livers expressing high levels of CYP2B6 compared with CYP3A4.	Methadone	37-46	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	243-249
18292673-10	2008	RESULTS: At clinical concentrations, methadone enantiomer N-demethylation by recombinant CYPs 2B6, 3A4, and 2C19 was S &gt; R, S = R, and S &lt;&lt; R. Greater stereoselective metabolism (S &gt; R) occurred in livers expressing high levels of CYP2B6 compared with CYP3A4.	Methadone	37-46	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	264-270
18292673-15	2008	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a significant role for CYP2B6, but not CYP3A, in stereoselective human methadone metabolism and disposition.	Methadone	106-115	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	58-64
17683917-3	2008	Studies using mice devoid of functional P-gp have revealed that P-gp at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) can exert a profound effect on the ability of some drugs to enter the brain, e.g. cardiovascular drugs (digoxin, quinidine), opioids (morphine, loperamide, methadone), HIV protease inhibitors, the new generation of antihistamines, and some antidepressants and antipsychotics.	Methadone	258-267	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	64-68
17977528-0	2008	PET imaging of dopamine transporter and drug craving during methadone maintenance treatment and after prolonged abstinence in heroin users.	Methadone	60-69	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	15-35
17977528-6	2008	In comparison with healthy control subjects, methadone maintenance treatment subjects had lower DAT uptake function in the bilateral caudate and putamen and prolonged abstinence subjects showed significantly lower DAT uptake function in the bilateral caudate.	Methadone	45-54	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	96-99
17977528-7	2008	Moreover, in comparison to the prolonged abstinence subjects, the methadone maintenance treatment subjects showed significant decreases of DAT uptake in the bilateral putamen.	Methadone	66-75	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	139-142
17977528-8	2008	DAT uptake function in bilateral striatum was not associated with heroin craving in prolonged abstinence or in methadone maintenance treatment subjects; however, DAT uptake function in the bilateral caudate was significantly correlated with subjective anxiety in methadone maintenance treatment subjects.	Methadone	263-272	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
17977528-8	2008	DAT uptake function in bilateral striatum was not associated with heroin craving in prolonged abstinence or in methadone maintenance treatment subjects; however, DAT uptake function in the bilateral caudate was significantly correlated with subjective anxiety in methadone maintenance treatment subjects.	Methadone	263-272	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	162-165
18166326-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the effect of gestational age and P-glycoprotein expression on transplacental transfer of methadone.	Methadone	145-154	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	89-103
18422375-3	2008	Genetic polymorphisms in genes coding for methadone-metabolizing enzymes, transporter proteins (p-glycoprotein; P-gp), and mu-opioid receptors may explain part of the observed interindividual variation in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methadone.	Methadone	42-51	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	96-110
18422375-3	2008	Genetic polymorphisms in genes coding for methadone-metabolizing enzymes, transporter proteins (p-glycoprotein; P-gp), and mu-opioid receptors may explain part of the observed interindividual variation in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methadone.	Methadone	250-259	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	96-110
18422375-4	2008	Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and 2B6 have been identified as the main CYP isoforms involved in methadone metabolism.	Methadone	92-101	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	0-33
18422375-5	2008	Methadone is a P-gp substrate, and, although there are inconsistent reports, ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms also contribute slightly to the interindividual variability of methadone kinetics and influence dose requirements.	Methadone	168-177	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	77-82
17947509-4	2008	Agonists such as morphine and methadone activated ERKs via the protein kinase C-dependent pathway but not the beta-arrestin-dependent pathway.	Methadone	30-39	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	50-54
17986348-4	2007	While nicotine and opiate effects combine in addicted subjects, here we investigated the P300 component of the auditory event related potential in methadone substituted opiate addicts with and without concomitant non-opioid drug use in comparison to a group of control subjects with and without nicotine consumption.	Methadone	147-156	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	89-93
17986348-10	2007	P300 amplitudes of methadone substituted opiate addicts were in between the two control groups and did not differ with regard to additional non-opioid use.	Methadone	19-28	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	0-4
17897634-9	2007	These results indicate that, in the absence of filamin A, chronic treatment with morphine, methadone or levorphanol leads to up-regulation of MOP, to our knowledge, the first instance of opioid receptor up-regulation by agonists in cell culture.	Methadone	91-100	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	142-145
21487551-5	2007	In this report, we document a case of alcoholic hepatitis and methadone withdrawal masquerading unsuspected, hepatosplenic gamma/delta T-cell lymphoma with unusual CD20 positivity.	Methadone	62-71	keratin 20	Homo sapiens	164-168
17598095-2	2007	METHODS: Methadone was incubated with various drugs (n = 10) and cDNA-expressed CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2B6, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes to screen for their inhibition potency.	Methadone	9-18	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	80-86
17598095-2	2007	METHODS: Methadone was incubated with various drugs (n = 10) and cDNA-expressed CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2B6, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes to screen for their inhibition potency.	Methadone	9-18	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	88-94
17598095-2	2007	METHODS: Methadone was incubated with various drugs (n = 10) and cDNA-expressed CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2B6, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes to screen for their inhibition potency.	Methadone	9-18	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	96-102
17598095-2	2007	METHODS: Methadone was incubated with various drugs (n = 10) and cDNA-expressed CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2B6, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes to screen for their inhibition potency.	Methadone	9-18	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	104-111
17598095-2	2007	METHODS: Methadone was incubated with various drugs (n = 10) and cDNA-expressed CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2B6, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 enzymes to screen for their inhibition potency.	Methadone	9-18	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	116-122
17274853-7	2007	RESULTS: The P300 elicited by opiate stimuli was significantly larger than that elicited by neutral stimuli in the methadone-maintained group but not in the controls.	Methadone	115-124	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	13-17
17234366-0	2007	Association of CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer genotype with deficient patient satisfaction regarding methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	100-109	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	15-21
17234366-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: The activity of cytochrome P-450 enzyme 2D6 (CYP2D6) could be related to heroin-dependent patient satisfaction with methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	127-136	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	27-54
17234366-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: The activity of cytochrome P-450 enzyme 2D6 (CYP2D6) could be related to heroin-dependent patient satisfaction with methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	127-136	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	56-62
17234366-8	2007	CONCLUSION: Heroin-dependent patients who are CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizers according to genotyping present deficient satisfaction with methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	137-146	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	46-52
17725248-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of CYP2D6 genotype on the oral clearance of (R)-, (S)- and rac-methadone.	Methadone	103-112	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	43-49
17725248-2	2007	METHODS: In this retrospective study, CYP2D6 genotypes were identified in 56 methadone maintained subjects.	Methadone	77-86	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	38-44
17380267-0	2007	Modeling methadone pharmacokinetics in rats in presence of P-glycoprotein inhibitor valspodar.	Methadone	9-18	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	59-73
17380267-1	2007	PURPOSE: To quantify the in vivo role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the pharmacokinetics of methadone after intravenous and oral administration, using valspodar as a P-gp inhibitor.	Methadone	90-99	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	41-55
17380267-1	2007	PURPOSE: To quantify the in vivo role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the pharmacokinetics of methadone after intravenous and oral administration, using valspodar as a P-gp inhibitor.	Methadone	90-99	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
17380267-8	2007	CONCLUSION: Valspodar increased methadone"s bioavailability as consequence of P-gp inhibition, which resulted in an increased analgesic effect of methadone.	Methadone	32-41	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
17380267-8	2007	CONCLUSION: Valspodar increased methadone"s bioavailability as consequence of P-gp inhibition, which resulted in an increased analgesic effect of methadone.	Methadone	146-155	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
17384938-1	2007	OBJECTIVES: This study analyzes the effects of prolonged administration of methadone and withdrawal on sensorimotor and cognitive performance in mice and explores the associated changes in brain expression of proteins regulating the extrinsic (FasL, Fas, and caspase-8) and the mitochondrial (Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), Bad, and Bax) apoptotic pathways.	Methadone	75-84	caspase 8	Mus musculus	259-268
17384938-1	2007	OBJECTIVES: This study analyzes the effects of prolonged administration of methadone and withdrawal on sensorimotor and cognitive performance in mice and explores the associated changes in brain expression of proteins regulating the extrinsic (FasL, Fas, and caspase-8) and the mitochondrial (Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), Bad, and Bax) apoptotic pathways.	Methadone	75-84	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	293-298
17384938-1	2007	OBJECTIVES: This study analyzes the effects of prolonged administration of methadone and withdrawal on sensorimotor and cognitive performance in mice and explores the associated changes in brain expression of proteins regulating the extrinsic (FasL, Fas, and caspase-8) and the mitochondrial (Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), Bad, and Bax) apoptotic pathways.	Methadone	75-84	BCL2-like 1	Mus musculus	300-308
17384938-1	2007	OBJECTIVES: This study analyzes the effects of prolonged administration of methadone and withdrawal on sensorimotor and cognitive performance in mice and explores the associated changes in brain expression of proteins regulating the extrinsic (FasL, Fas, and caspase-8) and the mitochondrial (Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), Bad, and Bax) apoptotic pathways.	Methadone	75-84	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	319-322
17384938-4	2007	Both the chronic methadone and repeated withdrawal groups showed up-regulation of several pro-apoptotic proteins (FasL, the active fragment of caspase-8, and Bad) in the cortex and hippocampus, indicating activation of both the death-receptor and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.	Methadone	17-26	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	114-118
17384938-4	2007	Both the chronic methadone and repeated withdrawal groups showed up-regulation of several pro-apoptotic proteins (FasL, the active fragment of caspase-8, and Bad) in the cortex and hippocampus, indicating activation of both the death-receptor and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways.	Methadone	17-26	caspase 8	Mus musculus	143-152
17384938-5	2007	In contrast, reduced expression of the apoptosis regulatory proteins FasL and Bad was found after a single administration of methadone.	Methadone	125-134	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	69-73
17343833-5	2007	Methadone induced downregulation of the mu opioid receptor, while morphine induced desensitization of the receptor for all three species.	Methadone	0-9	mu-type opioid receptor	Cavia porcellus	40-58
17502774-0	2007	Increased (R)-methadone plasma concentrations by quetiapine in cytochrome P450s and ABCB1 genotyped patients.	Methadone	10-23	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
17502774-5	2007	The mean increases of (R)-methadone concentration-dose ratios were of 7%, 21%, and 30% in the CYP2D6 poor metabolizers, heterozygous EMs, and homozygous EMs, respectively, whereas they were of 3%, 23%, and 33% in the subjects with the ABCB1 3435 TT, CT, and CC genotypes, respectively.	Methadone	22-35	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	94-100
17502774-5	2007	The mean increases of (R)-methadone concentration-dose ratios were of 7%, 21%, and 30% in the CYP2D6 poor metabolizers, heterozygous EMs, and homozygous EMs, respectively, whereas they were of 3%, 23%, and 33% in the subjects with the ABCB1 3435 TT, CT, and CC genotypes, respectively.	Methadone	22-35	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	235-240
17502774-6	2007	Thus, quetiapine increases the plasma concentrations of (R)-methadone, possibly in part by an interaction with CYP2D6 and/or with the P-glycoprotein transporter system.	Methadone	56-69	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	111-117
17329992-0	2007	Stereoselective block of hERG channel by (S)-methadone and QT interval prolongation in CYP2B6 slow metabolizers.	Methadone	41-54	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	25-29
17329992-1	2007	Methadone inhibits the cardiac potassium channel hERG and can cause a prolonged QT interval.	Methadone	0-9	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	49-53
17329992-3	2007	Whole-cell patch-clamp experiments using cells expressing hERG showed that (S)-methadone blocked the hERG current 3.5-fold more potently than (R)-methadone (IC50s (half-maximal inhibitory concentrations) at 37 degrees C: 2 and 7 microM).	Methadone	75-88	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	58-62
17329992-3	2007	Whole-cell patch-clamp experiments using cells expressing hERG showed that (S)-methadone blocked the hERG current 3.5-fold more potently than (R)-methadone (IC50s (half-maximal inhibitory concentrations) at 37 degrees C: 2 and 7 microM).	Methadone	75-88	ETS transcription factor ERG	Homo sapiens	101-105
17329992-4	2007	As CYP2B6 slow metabolizer (SM) status results in a reduced ability to metabolize (S)-methadone, electrocardiograms, CYP2B6 genotypes, and (R)- and (S)-methadone plasma concentrations were obtained for 179 patients receiving (R,S)-methadone.	Methadone	82-95	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	3-9
17329992-4	2007	As CYP2B6 slow metabolizer (SM) status results in a reduced ability to metabolize (S)-methadone, electrocardiograms, CYP2B6 genotypes, and (R)- and (S)-methadone plasma concentrations were obtained for 179 patients receiving (R,S)-methadone.	Methadone	148-161	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	3-9
17259447-3	2007	N-Demethylation of methadone in vitro is predominantly mediated by cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 and somewhat by CYP2C19.	Methadone	19-28	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
17259447-3	2007	N-Demethylation of methadone in vitro is predominantly mediated by cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 and somewhat by CYP2C19.	Methadone	19-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	94-100
17259447-3	2007	N-Demethylation of methadone in vitro is predominantly mediated by cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 and somewhat by CYP2C19.	Methadone	19-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	117-124
17259447-4	2007	This investigation evaluated stereoselectivity, models, and kinetic parameters for methadone N-demethylation by recombinant CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C19, and the potential for interactions between enantiomers during racemate metabolism.	Methadone	83-92	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	124-130
17259447-4	2007	This investigation evaluated stereoselectivity, models, and kinetic parameters for methadone N-demethylation by recombinant CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C19, and the potential for interactions between enantiomers during racemate metabolism.	Methadone	83-92	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	132-138
17259447-4	2007	This investigation evaluated stereoselectivity, models, and kinetic parameters for methadone N-demethylation by recombinant CYP2B6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C19, and the potential for interactions between enantiomers during racemate metabolism.	Methadone	83-92	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	144-151
17259447-9	2007	For CYP2B6, the interaction between enantiomers was stereoselective, with S-methadone as a more potent inhibitor of R-methadone N-demethylation than R-of S-methadone.	Methadone	74-85	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	4-10
17259447-9	2007	For CYP2B6, the interaction between enantiomers was stereoselective, with S-methadone as a more potent inhibitor of R-methadone N-demethylation than R-of S-methadone.	Methadone	116-127	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	4-10
17259447-9	2007	For CYP2B6, the interaction between enantiomers was stereoselective, with S-methadone as a more potent inhibitor of R-methadone N-demethylation than R-of S-methadone.	Methadone	154-165	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	4-10
17259447-13	2007	Changes in plasma R/S methadone ratios observed after rifampin or troleandomycin pretreatment in humans in vivo were successfully predicted by CYP2B6- but not CYP3A4-catalyzed methadone N-demethylation.	Methadone	22-31	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	143-149
17259447-14	2007	CYP2B6 is a predominant catalyst of stereoselective methadone metabolism in vitro.	Methadone	52-61	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
17259447-15	2007	In vivo, CYP2B6 may be a major determinant of methadone metabolism and disposition, and CYP2B6 activity and stereoselective metabolic interactions may confer variability in methadone disposition.	Methadone	46-55	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	9-15
17259447-15	2007	In vivo, CYP2B6 may be a major determinant of methadone metabolism and disposition, and CYP2B6 activity and stereoselective metabolic interactions may confer variability in methadone disposition.	Methadone	173-182	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	88-94
16855915-4	2007	In the present study we assessed the VMAT2 pharmacodynamic characteristics using high affinity [(3)H]dihydrotetrabenazine (TBZOH) binding to platelets of former male heroin addicts maintained on methadone (n = 12) compared to age-matched healthy controls (n = 13).	Methadone	195-204	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Homo sapiens	37-42
16855915-5	2007	A significant increase (19%, p &lt; 0.05) in platelet VMAT2 density (Bmax) was observed in the methadone treated patients compared to controls.	Methadone	95-104	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Homo sapiens	54-59
16855915-7	2007	The increased VMAT2 density may reflect a compensatory attempt to prevent vesicular depletion due to chronic methadone exposure.	Methadone	109-118	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Homo sapiens	14-19
17141540-6	2007	More recently, central sleep apnoea (CSA) has been reported with chronic opioid use and 30% of stable methadone maintenance treatment patients have CSA.	Methadone	102-111	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	15-41
17141540-6	2007	More recently, central sleep apnoea (CSA) has been reported with chronic opioid use and 30% of stable methadone maintenance treatment patients have CSA.	Methadone	102-111	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	37-40
17074798-10	2007	Coadministration of 200 mg voriconazole BID with methadone was generally safe and well tolerated.	Methadone	49-58	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	40-43
17201885-8	2007	RESULTS: During methadone treatment, significantly (P &lt; 0.05) higher cytokine Th1 and NK and lower cytokine Th2 levels were observed in groups A and B compared with levels obtained before treatment in the same groups.	Methadone	16-25	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	81-84
17690563-2	2007	Using a cellular model, we aimed to determine if methadone, LAAM and their main metabolites are substrates of the human P-glycoprotein transporter (P-gp), which is encoded by the ABCB1 gene, and whether methadone transport exhibits stereoselectivity.	Methadone	49-58	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	120-146
17690563-2	2007	Using a cellular model, we aimed to determine if methadone, LAAM and their main metabolites are substrates of the human P-glycoprotein transporter (P-gp), which is encoded by the ABCB1 gene, and whether methadone transport exhibits stereoselectivity.	Methadone	49-58	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	148-152
17690563-2	2007	Using a cellular model, we aimed to determine if methadone, LAAM and their main metabolites are substrates of the human P-glycoprotein transporter (P-gp), which is encoded by the ABCB1 gene, and whether methadone transport exhibits stereoselectivity.	Methadone	49-58	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	179-184
17690563-2	2007	Using a cellular model, we aimed to determine if methadone, LAAM and their main metabolites are substrates of the human P-glycoprotein transporter (P-gp), which is encoded by the ABCB1 gene, and whether methadone transport exhibits stereoselectivity.	Methadone	203-212	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	120-146
17690563-2	2007	Using a cellular model, we aimed to determine if methadone, LAAM and their main metabolites are substrates of the human P-glycoprotein transporter (P-gp), which is encoded by the ABCB1 gene, and whether methadone transport exhibits stereoselectivity.	Methadone	203-212	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	148-152
17690563-4	2007	The intra- to extracellular ratios of methadone, LAAM and their metabolites were all decreased in ABCB1-transfected cells compared to controls (p &lt; 0.05), thus indicating that they are substrates of P-gp.	Methadone	38-47	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
17690563-4	2007	The intra- to extracellular ratios of methadone, LAAM and their metabolites were all decreased in ABCB1-transfected cells compared to controls (p &lt; 0.05), thus indicating that they are substrates of P-gp.	Methadone	38-47	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	202-206
17690563-6	2007	P-gp may therefore affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of methadone and LAAM.	Methadone	71-80	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	0-4
17178267-0	2006	ABCB1 and cytochrome P450 genotypes and phenotypes: influence on methadone plasma levels and response to treatment.	Methadone	65-74	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
17178267-0	2006	ABCB1 and cytochrome P450 genotypes and phenotypes: influence on methadone plasma levels and response to treatment.	Methadone	65-74	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	10-25
17178267-1	2006	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The in vivo implication of various cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms and of P-glycoprotein on methadone kinetics is unclear.	Methadone	117-126	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	78-81
17178267-5	2006	RESULTS: The patients with lower CYP3A activity presented higher steady-state trough (R,S)-methadone plasma levels (4.3, 3.0, and 2.3 ng/mL x mg for low, medium, and high activity, respectively; P = .0002).	Methadone	91-100	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	33-38
17178267-6	2006	As previously reported, CYP2B6*6/*6 carriers had significantly higher trough (S)-methadone plasma levels (P = .0001) and a trend toward higher (R)-methadone plasma levels (P = .07).	Methadone	77-90	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	24-30
17178267-6	2006	As previously reported, CYP2B6*6/*6 carriers had significantly higher trough (S)-methadone plasma levels (P = .0001) and a trend toward higher (R)-methadone plasma levels (P = .07).	Methadone	143-156	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	24-30
17178267-8	2006	ABCB1 3435TT carriers presented lower trough (R,S)-methadone plasma levels (2.7 and 3.4 ng/mL .	Methadone	51-60	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
17178267-12	2006	CONCLUSION: In vivo, CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 are the major CYP isoforms involved in methadone metabolism, with CYP2D6 contributing to a minor extent.	Methadone	78-87	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	21-27
17178267-12	2006	CONCLUSION: In vivo, CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 are the major CYP isoforms involved in methadone metabolism, with CYP2D6 contributing to a minor extent.	Methadone	78-87	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	32-38
17178267-12	2006	CONCLUSION: In vivo, CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 are the major CYP isoforms involved in methadone metabolism, with CYP2D6 contributing to a minor extent.	Methadone	78-87	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	21-24
17178267-13	2006	ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms also contribute slightly to the interindividual variability of methadone kinetics.	Methadone	91-100	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
17178268-3	2006	Methadone is a substrate for the P-glycoprotein transporter, encoded by the ABCB1 gene, which regulates central nervous system exposure.	Methadone	0-9	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	76-81
17178268-4	2006	This retrospective study aimed to investigate the influence of ABCB1 genetic variability on methadone dose requirements.	Methadone	92-101	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	63-68
17178268-8	2006	ABCB1 genetic variability influenced daily methadone dose requirements, such that subjects carrying 2 copies of the wild-type haplotype required higher doses compared with those with 1 copy and those with no copies (98.3 +/- 10.4, 58.6 +/- 20.9, and 55.4 +/- 26.1 mg/d, respectively; P = .029).	Methadone	43-52	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
17178268-10	2006	CONCLUSION: Although ABCB1 genetic variability is not related to the development of opioid dependence, identification of variant haplotypes may, after larger prospective studies have been performed, provide clinicians with a tool for methadone dosage individualization.	Methadone	234-243	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
16837625-0	2006	In vivo activation of human pregnane X receptor tightens the blood-brain barrier to methadone through P-glycoprotein up-regulation.	Methadone	84-93	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	28-47
16837625-0	2006	In vivo activation of human pregnane X receptor tightens the blood-brain barrier to methadone through P-glycoprotein up-regulation.	Methadone	84-93	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	102-116
16837625-9	2006	Thus, hPXR activation in vivo increased P-glycoprotein activity and tightened the blood-brain barrier to methadone, reducing the drug"s CNS efficacy.	Methadone	105-114	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2	Homo sapiens	6-10
16885725-1	2006	There is evidence that the apparent oral clearance of rac-methadone is induced during the early phase of methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	58-67	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
16885725-1	2006	There is evidence that the apparent oral clearance of rac-methadone is induced during the early phase of methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	105-114	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
16799915-7	2006	Aromatase/CYP19 is the placental enzyme metabolizing methadone during pregnancy.	Methadone	53-62	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	10-15
16595712-4	2006	The activity of this purified enzyme was directly compared with purified human CYP2D6 toward codeine, dextromethorphan, and methadone as substrates.	Methadone	124-133	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	79-85
16595712-8	2006	Furthermore, methadone, a known CYP3A4 substrate and CYP2D6 inhibitor, was N-demethylated by Cyp2d22 with a K(m) of 517 microM and V(max) of 4.9 pmol/pmol/min.	Methadone	13-22	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	32-38
16595712-8	2006	Furthermore, methadone, a known CYP3A4 substrate and CYP2D6 inhibitor, was N-demethylated by Cyp2d22 with a K(m) of 517 microM and V(max) of 4.9 pmol/pmol/min.	Methadone	13-22	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	53-59
16595712-8	2006	Furthermore, methadone, a known CYP3A4 substrate and CYP2D6 inhibitor, was N-demethylated by Cyp2d22 with a K(m) of 517 microM and V(max) of 4.9 pmol/pmol/min.	Methadone	13-22	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily d, polypeptide 22	Mus musculus	93-100
16583408-0	2006	Association between the DRD2 A1 allele and response to methadone and buprenorphine maintenance treatments.	Methadone	55-64	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	24-28
16583408-1	2006	The TaqI A polymorphism (A(1)) of the dopamine D(2) receptor gene (DRD2), although not a specific predictor of opioid dependence, has been strongly associated with high levels of prior heroin use and poor treatment outcomes among methadone maintenance patients.	Methadone	230-239	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	38-60
16583408-1	2006	The TaqI A polymorphism (A(1)) of the dopamine D(2) receptor gene (DRD2), although not a specific predictor of opioid dependence, has been strongly associated with high levels of prior heroin use and poor treatment outcomes among methadone maintenance patients.	Methadone	230-239	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	67-71
16800831-3	2006	Results indicated substantial fluctuations between sessions in dose-corrected average steady-state plasma (R)-methadone concentrations (Cav), ranging from a 51% decrease to a 466% increase.	Methadone	106-119	caveolin 2	Homo sapiens	136-139
16785144-4	2006	Current methadone use was associated with lower levels of total testosterone (p = 0.03) and higher levels of prolactin (p = 0.002); mean estradiol levels were 43% lower in women who used intravenous drugs (p &lt; 0.001).	Methadone	8-17	prolactin	Homo sapiens	109-118
16455059-2	2006	CYP19/aromatase is the major placental enzyme responsible for the metabolism of methadone to 2-ethylidine-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) and BUP to norbuprenorphine (norBUP).	Methadone	80-89	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
16455059-10	2006	The determined inhibition constants of methadone and BUP for E(3) formation by a cDNA-expressed CYP19 preparation were similar to those for placental microsomes.	Methadone	39-48	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	96-101
16415176-4	2006	We examined the magnitudes of adenylyl cyclase superactivation in the presence of naloxone after long-term treatment with morphine, etorphine, and methadone, three agonists reported to have differential activities in promoting MOR internalization.	Methadone	147-156	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	227-230
16627307-8	2006	Subjects treated with methadone had significantly longer retention in first treatment episode than subjects treated with buprenorphine (mean days 354 vs. 58, p&lt;0.01 by Cox regression) and missed fewer days in the first month (mean 3 vs. 8 days, p&lt;0.05 by ttest).	Methadone	22-31	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	171-174
16531639-0	2006	Effects of methadone and morphine on c-Fos expression in the rat brain: similarities and differences.	Methadone	11-20	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
16531639-1	2006	This is the first study designed to compare the pattern of stimulation of c-Fos in selected brain structures after an acute administration of morphine and methadone.	Methadone	155-164	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
16531639-2	2006	Methadone and morphine induced activation of c-Fos protein in the terminal forebrain projecting areas of the brain dopaminergic system, i.e. the striatum and nucleus accumbens.	Methadone	0-9	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
16338275-1	2005	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Recent in vitro studies have suggested an important role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 and CYP2C19 in methadone metabolism.	Methadone	127-136	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	86-111
16338275-1	2005	BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Recent in vitro studies have suggested an important role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B6 and CYP2C19 in methadone metabolism.	Methadone	127-136	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	116-123
16338275-2	2005	We aimed to determine the influence of CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism on methadone pharmacokinetics and on the response to treatment.	Methadone	91-100	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	39-45
16338275-2	2005	We aimed to determine the influence of CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism on methadone pharmacokinetics and on the response to treatment.	Methadone	91-100	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	47-53
16338275-2	2005	We aimed to determine the influence of CYP2B6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism on methadone pharmacokinetics and on the response to treatment.	Methadone	91-100	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	59-66
16338275-6	2005	RESULTS: CYP2B6 genotype influences (S)-methadone and, to a lesser extent, (R)-methadone plasma levels, with the median trough (S)-methadone plasma levels being 105, 122, and 209 ng .	Methadone	36-49	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	9-15
16338275-6	2005	RESULTS: CYP2B6 genotype influences (S)-methadone and, to a lesser extent, (R)-methadone plasma levels, with the median trough (S)-methadone plasma levels being 105, 122, and 209 ng .	Methadone	75-88	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	9-15
16338275-6	2005	RESULTS: CYP2B6 genotype influences (S)-methadone and, to a lesser extent, (R)-methadone plasma levels, with the median trough (S)-methadone plasma levels being 105, 122, and 209 ng .	Methadone	40-49	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	9-15
16338275-13	2005	CONCLUSION: Although CYP2B6 influences (S)-methadone plasma levels, given that only (R)-methadone contributes to the opioid effect of this drug, a major influence of CYP2B6 genotype on response to treatment is unlikely and has not been shown in this study.	Methadone	39-52	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	21-27
16189332-9	2005	However, P-gp could only play a minor modulating role in man on the central effects of morphine, methadone and fentanyl.	Methadone	97-106	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	9-13
16207309-0	2005	The effects of inhibiting cytochrome P450 3A, p-glycoprotein, and gastric acid secretion on the oral bioavailability of methadone in dogs.	Methadone	120-129	PGP	Canis lupus familiaris	46-60
16000156-0	2005	Methadone increases intracellular calcium in SH-SY5Y and SH-EP1-halpha7 cells by activating neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.	Methadone	0-9	prostaglandin E receptor 1	Homo sapiens	60-63
15876424-0	2005	Role of P-glycoprotein in transplacental transfer of methadone.	Methadone	53-62	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	8-22
15876424-4	2005	We hypothesized that the expression and activity of the placental efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) would affect the transfer of methadone to the fetal circulation.	Methadone	136-145	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	85-99
15876424-4	2005	We hypothesized that the expression and activity of the placental efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) would affect the transfer of methadone to the fetal circulation.	Methadone	136-145	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
15876424-5	2005	Data obtained utilizing dual perfusion of placental lobule and monolayers of Be-Wo cell line indicated that methadone is extruded by P-gp.	Methadone	108-117	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	133-137
15876424-6	2005	Transfer of methadone to the fetal circuit was increased by 30% in the presence of the P-gp inhibitor GF120918 while the transfer of paclitaxel, a typical substrate of the glycoprotein, was increased by 50%.	Methadone	12-21	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
15876424-7	2005	In the Be-Wo cell line, methadone and paclitaxel uptake was also increased in the presence of the P-gp inhibitor cyclosporin A.	Methadone	24-33	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
15876424-9	2005	Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the concentration of methadone in the fetal circulation is affected by the expression and activity of P-gp.	Methadone	70-79	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	151-155
15986265-5	2005	Before subjecting patients on methadone to other drugs, the QT-interval should be determined and it should be ascertained whether the new agent has the property to prolong the QT-interval or is metabolised by the cytochrome-P450 system.	Methadone	30-39	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	213-228
16089243-3	2005	Methadone has been found to inhibit CYP2D6, indicating a potential for interaction with dextromethorphan.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	36-42
16089243-6	2005	DISCUSSION: Vulnerability to delirium was potentially caused by coadministration of methadone, which can inhibit the CYP2D6 isozyme.	Methadone	84-93	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	117-123
15608471-6	2005	This data, associated with the finding that methadone is a rather potent inhibitor of HERG potassium channels and that it may induce torsade de pointes in predisposed subjects, supports the recommendation that patients entering methadone treatment (MT) are screened for cardiac risk factors.	Methadone	44-53	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	86-90
15717844-5	2005	One year of methadone maintenance treatment normalized serum leptin, but not serum adiponectin and resistin concentrations.	Methadone	12-21	leptin	Homo sapiens	61-67
15501692-2	2004	Methadone is mostly metabolised in the liver; the main step consists in the N-demethylation by CYP3A4 to EDDP (2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine), an inactive metabolite.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	95-101
15501692-3	2004	The activity of CYP3A4 varies considerably among individuals, and such variability is the responsible for the large differences in methadone bioavailability.	Methadone	131-140	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	16-22
15501692-4	2004	CYP2D6 and probably CYP1A2 are also involved in methadone metabolism.	Methadone	48-57	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	0-6
15501692-4	2004	CYP2D6 and probably CYP1A2 are also involved in methadone metabolism.	Methadone	48-57	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	20-26
15501692-6	2004	In particular, antiretrovirals, which are CYP3A4 inducers, can decrease the levels of methadone, so causing withdrawal symptoms.	Methadone	86-95	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	42-48
15452846-1	2004	Methadone is a basic drug highly bound to alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), a plasma protein that increases in several pathological situations.	Methadone	0-9	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-66
15452846-1	2004	Methadone is a basic drug highly bound to alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), a plasma protein that increases in several pathological situations.	Methadone	0-9	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
15452846-2	2004	Our aims were to evaluate the processes (pharmacokinetics-PK and/or pharmacodynamics-PD) associated with changes of methadone analgesia under conditions of increased AGP, and whether these changes are dependent on binding, secondary to a pathology, or directly attributable to AGP.	Methadone	116-125	orosomucoid 1	Rattus norvegicus	166-169
15371986-0	2004	Role of hepatic and intestinal cytochrome P450 3A and 2B6 in the metabolism, disposition, and miotic effects of methadone.	Methadone	112-121	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	31-57
15371986-2	2004	Methadone undergoes N -demethylation to the primary metabolite 2-ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolinium (EDDP), catalyzed in vitro by intestinal, hepatic, and expressed cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	173-198
15371986-4	2004	This investigation tested the hypothesis that CYP3A induction (or inhibition) would increase (or decrease) methadone metabolism and clearance in humans.	Methadone	107-116	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	46-51
15371986-22	2004	In vitro experiments showed a predominant role for both CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 in liver microsomal methadone N -demethylation.	Methadone	94-103	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	56-62
15371986-22	2004	In vitro experiments showed a predominant role for both CYP3A4 and CYP2B6 in liver microsomal methadone N -demethylation.	Methadone	94-103	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	67-73
15371986-24	2004	Intestinal and hepatic CYP3A activity only slightly affects human methadone N -demethylation but has no significant effect on methadone concentrations, clearance, or clinical effects.	Methadone	66-75	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	23-28
15371986-26	2004	Interindividual variability and drug interactions affecting intestinal transporter and hepatic CYP3A and CYP2B6 activity may alter methadone disposition.	Methadone	131-140	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	95-100
15371986-26	2004	Interindividual variability and drug interactions affecting intestinal transporter and hepatic CYP3A and CYP2B6 activity may alter methadone disposition.	Methadone	131-140	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	105-111
15242824-9	2004	The apparent K(m) and V(max) values for the CYP19 catalyzed metabolism of methadone to EDDP were 424 +/- 92 microM and 420 +/- 89 pmol(mgprotein)(-1)min(-1), respectively.	Methadone	74-83	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
15242824-10	2004	Kinetic analysis of a cDNA-expressed CYP19 for the metabolism of methadone to EDDP was identical to that by placental microsomes.	Methadone	65-74	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
15242824-11	2004	Taken together, these data indicate that CYP19/aromatase is the major enzyme responsible for the metabolism of methadone to EDDP in term human placentas obtained from healthy pregnancies.	Methadone	111-120	cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	41-46
15246701-0	2004	Differential effects of gestational buprenorphine, naloxone, and methadone on mesolimbic mu opioid and ORL1 receptor G protein coupling.	Methadone	65-74	opioid related nociceptin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
15089813-3	2004	Evidence suggests that methadone is a P-gp substrate in vitro, and P-gp affects methadone analgesia in animals.	Methadone	23-32	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
15089813-3	2004	Evidence suggests that methadone is a P-gp substrate in vitro, and P-gp affects methadone analgesia in animals.	Methadone	80-89	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	67-71
15089813-4	2004	However the role of P-gp in human methadone disposition and pharmacodynamics is unknown.	Methadone	34-43	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	20-24
15089813-5	2004	This investigation tested the hypothesis that the intestinal absorption and pharmacodynamics of oral and intravenous methadone are greater after inhibition of intestinal and brain P-gp, using the P-gp inhibitor quinidine as an in vivo probe.	Methadone	117-126	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	180-184
15089813-13	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Quinidine increased the plasma concentrations of oral methadone in the absorptive phase and the miosis caused by methadone, suggesting that intestinal P-gp affects oral methadone absorption and hence its clinical effects.	Methadone	67-76	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	164-168
15089813-13	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Quinidine increased the plasma concentrations of oral methadone in the absorptive phase and the miosis caused by methadone, suggesting that intestinal P-gp affects oral methadone absorption and hence its clinical effects.	Methadone	126-135	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	164-168
15089813-13	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Quinidine increased the plasma concentrations of oral methadone in the absorptive phase and the miosis caused by methadone, suggesting that intestinal P-gp affects oral methadone absorption and hence its clinical effects.	Methadone	126-135	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	164-168
14712343-0	2004	Brain penetration of methadone (R)- and (S)-enantiomers is greatly increased by P-glycoprotein deficiency in the blood-brain barrier of Abcb1a gene knockout mice.	Methadone	21-30	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1A	Mus musculus	136-142
14712343-3	2004	However, recent studies suggested that methadone may be a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp).	Methadone	39-48	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	71-85
14712343-3	2004	However, recent studies suggested that methadone may be a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp).	Methadone	39-48	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	87-91
14712343-4	2004	Therefore, the function of P-gp in blood-brain barrier (BBB) may affect the concentration of methadone at its site(s) of action in the central nervous system, thereby contributing to its therapeutic efficacy and/or adverse events.	Methadone	93-102	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	27-31
14712343-5	2004	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of P-gp on brain penetration of methadone (R)- and (S)-enantiomers and their major oxidative metabolite 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP).	Methadone	69-78	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	40-44
14712343-13	2004	The interindividual variation in expression of P-gp in BBB may represent a source of variation for the access and effects of methadone in the brain.	Methadone	125-134	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	47-51
15214298-1	2004	BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of the study was to explore the influence of heroin addiction and one year methadone maintenance treatment respectively on serum leptin levels.	Methadone	103-112	leptin	Homo sapiens	157-163
15214298-9	2004	One year of methadone maintenance treatment significantly increased serum leptin levels to 12.10 +/- 3.17 ng/ml vs control group (&lt; 0.05).	Methadone	12-21	leptin	Homo sapiens	74-80
15214298-12	2004	One year of methadone maintenance treatment significantly increased serum leptin levels as well as BMI values.	Methadone	12-21	leptin	Homo sapiens	74-80
15214298-13	2004	We suggest that the increase in serum leptin levels could be explained by the restoration of hypopituitary-hypothalamo-adrenal and/or hypopituitary-hypothalamo-gonadal axis by methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	176-185	leptin	Homo sapiens	38-44
14980914-6	2004	The NR1/2A and NR1/2B subtype combinations were in general significantly more sensitive to inhibition by methadone and morphine compared with the NR1/2C and NR1/2D subtypes.	Methadone	105-114	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	4-7
14980914-6	2004	The NR1/2A and NR1/2B subtype combinations were in general significantly more sensitive to inhibition by methadone and morphine compared with the NR1/2C and NR1/2D subtypes.	Methadone	105-114	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	15-18
14980914-6	2004	The NR1/2A and NR1/2B subtype combinations were in general significantly more sensitive to inhibition by methadone and morphine compared with the NR1/2C and NR1/2D subtypes.	Methadone	105-114	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	15-18
14980914-6	2004	The NR1/2A and NR1/2B subtype combinations were in general significantly more sensitive to inhibition by methadone and morphine compared with the NR1/2C and NR1/2D subtypes.	Methadone	105-114	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	15-18
14980914-8	2004	Although stereoisomers of methadone showed minimal stereoselectivity in most subtypes, R(-) methadone was highly selective in its inhibition of the NR1/2A combination.	Methadone	87-101	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	148-151
14980914-9	2004	These results provide further functional data describing the NMDA receptor inhibitory actions of methadone and support the hypothesis that methadone acts through both opioid and NMDA receptor mechanisms.	Methadone	97-106	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	61-74
14980914-9	2004	These results provide further functional data describing the NMDA receptor inhibitory actions of methadone and support the hypothesis that methadone acts through both opioid and NMDA receptor mechanisms.	Methadone	139-148	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	178-191
15025862-0	2004	Effect of P-glycoprotein inhibition on methadone analgesia and brain distribution in the rat.	Methadone	39-48	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	10-24
15025862-1	2004	Methadone is an opiate drug that has been identified as an in-vitro substrate of the efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp), active in the intestinal epithelium and in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), among other sites.	Methadone	0-9	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	97-111
15025862-1	2004	Methadone is an opiate drug that has been identified as an in-vitro substrate of the efflux pump P-glycoprotein (P-gp), active in the intestinal epithelium and in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), among other sites.	Methadone	0-9	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
15025862-2	2004	The objective of this study was to test in vivo, in the rat model, the role of P-gp modulation on the analgesic effect and brain uptake of methadone, as well as identify the most relevant site via dual oral and intravenous (i.v.)	Methadone	139-148	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
15025862-12	2004	P-gp, and hence substrate comedication, plays a critical role in the evolution of the methadone analgesic effect and in its brain uptake, independent of the administration route.	Methadone	86-95	ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
14978231-3	2004	Activation of muOR by saturating concentrations of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), methadone, or fentanyl, but not morphine, produced robust internalization of a green fluorescent protein-tagged muOR.	Methadone	98-107	opioid receptor, mu 1	Mus musculus	14-18
14712470-0	2004	Enantioselectivity of inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) by ketoconazole: Testosterone and methadone as substrates.	Methadone	99-108	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	36-55
14712470-0	2004	Enantioselectivity of inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) by ketoconazole: Testosterone and methadone as substrates.	Methadone	99-108	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	57-63
14712470-6	2004	Dextro- and levo-KTZ exhibited modest enantioselective differences with respect to CYP3A4 inhibition of testosterone and methadone metabolism.	Methadone	121-130	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
14628297-1	2004	Methadone is a clinically used opioid agonist that is oxidatively metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms to a stable metabolite, EDDP.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	81-96
14628297-1	2004	Methadone is a clinically used opioid agonist that is oxidatively metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms to a stable metabolite, EDDP.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	98-101
14628297-3	2004	The cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform involved in methadone"s metabolism is thought to be CYP3A4, but human drug-drug interaction studies are not consistent with this.	Methadone	46-55	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	4-19
14628297-3	2004	The cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform involved in methadone"s metabolism is thought to be CYP3A4, but human drug-drug interaction studies are not consistent with this.	Methadone	46-55	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	21-24
14628297-3	2004	The cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform involved in methadone"s metabolism is thought to be CYP3A4, but human drug-drug interaction studies are not consistent with this.	Methadone	46-55	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	86-92
14628297-4	2004	The ability of the common human drug-metabolizing CYPs (obtained from baculovirus-infected insect cell supersomes) to generate 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrilidine (EDDP) from racemic methadone was examined and then determined if the CYP isoforms metabolized methadone stereoselectively.	Methadone	197-206	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	50-53
14628297-4	2004	The ability of the common human drug-metabolizing CYPs (obtained from baculovirus-infected insect cell supersomes) to generate 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrilidine (EDDP) from racemic methadone was examined and then determined if the CYP isoforms metabolized methadone stereoselectively.	Methadone	272-281	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	50-53
14628297-5	2004	Only CYP2B6, 2C19, and 3A4 generated measurable EDDP from 1 microg/ml of racemic methadone.	Methadone	81-90	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	5-11
14628297-7	2004	At 10 microg/ml of methadone, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 also generated EDDP, but in at least 10-fold lower quantities than CYP2B6.	Methadone	19-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	30-36
14628297-7	2004	At 10 microg/ml of methadone, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 also generated EDDP, but in at least 10-fold lower quantities than CYP2B6.	Methadone	19-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	41-47
14628297-7	2004	At 10 microg/ml of methadone, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6 also generated EDDP, but in at least 10-fold lower quantities than CYP2B6.	Methadone	19-28	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	115-121
14628297-9	2004	In human liver microsomes with high and low CYP2B6 expression but equivalent CYP3A4 expression, high CYP2B6 expression microsomes generated twice the amount of EDDP from 10 microg/ml of methadone than low CYP2B6 expression microsomes.	Methadone	186-195	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	101-107
14628297-9	2004	In human liver microsomes with high and low CYP2B6 expression but equivalent CYP3A4 expression, high CYP2B6 expression microsomes generated twice the amount of EDDP from 10 microg/ml of methadone than low CYP2B6 expression microsomes.	Methadone	186-195	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	101-107
14628297-10	2004	When stereoselective metabolism of racemic methadone by CYP2B6, 2C19, and 3A4 was examined using an enantiospecific methadone assay, CYP2B6 preferentially metabolized (S)-methadone, CYP2C19 preferentially metabolized (R)-methadone, and CYP3A4 showed no preference.	Methadone	43-52	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	56-62
14628297-10	2004	When stereoselective metabolism of racemic methadone by CYP2B6, 2C19, and 3A4 was examined using an enantiospecific methadone assay, CYP2B6 preferentially metabolized (S)-methadone, CYP2C19 preferentially metabolized (R)-methadone, and CYP3A4 showed no preference.	Methadone	43-52	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	133-139
14628297-10	2004	When stereoselective metabolism of racemic methadone by CYP2B6, 2C19, and 3A4 was examined using an enantiospecific methadone assay, CYP2B6 preferentially metabolized (S)-methadone, CYP2C19 preferentially metabolized (R)-methadone, and CYP3A4 showed no preference.	Methadone	43-52	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	182-189
14628297-10	2004	When stereoselective metabolism of racemic methadone by CYP2B6, 2C19, and 3A4 was examined using an enantiospecific methadone assay, CYP2B6 preferentially metabolized (S)-methadone, CYP2C19 preferentially metabolized (R)-methadone, and CYP3A4 showed no preference.	Methadone	43-52	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	236-242
14628297-10	2004	When stereoselective metabolism of racemic methadone by CYP2B6, 2C19, and 3A4 was examined using an enantiospecific methadone assay, CYP2B6 preferentially metabolized (S)-methadone, CYP2C19 preferentially metabolized (R)-methadone, and CYP3A4 showed no preference.	Methadone	116-125	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	56-62
14628297-10	2004	When stereoselective metabolism of racemic methadone by CYP2B6, 2C19, and 3A4 was examined using an enantiospecific methadone assay, CYP2B6 preferentially metabolized (S)-methadone, CYP2C19 preferentially metabolized (R)-methadone, and CYP3A4 showed no preference.	Methadone	116-125	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	133-139
14628297-10	2004	When stereoselective metabolism of racemic methadone by CYP2B6, 2C19, and 3A4 was examined using an enantiospecific methadone assay, CYP2B6 preferentially metabolized (S)-methadone, CYP2C19 preferentially metabolized (R)-methadone, and CYP3A4 showed no preference.	Methadone	167-180	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	56-62
14628297-10	2004	When stereoselective metabolism of racemic methadone by CYP2B6, 2C19, and 3A4 was examined using an enantiospecific methadone assay, CYP2B6 preferentially metabolized (S)-methadone, CYP2C19 preferentially metabolized (R)-methadone, and CYP3A4 showed no preference.	Methadone	167-180	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	133-139
14628297-10	2004	When stereoselective metabolism of racemic methadone by CYP2B6, 2C19, and 3A4 was examined using an enantiospecific methadone assay, CYP2B6 preferentially metabolized (S)-methadone, CYP2C19 preferentially metabolized (R)-methadone, and CYP3A4 showed no preference.	Methadone	167-180	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	236-242
14628297-10	2004	When stereoselective metabolism of racemic methadone by CYP2B6, 2C19, and 3A4 was examined using an enantiospecific methadone assay, CYP2B6 preferentially metabolized (S)-methadone, CYP2C19 preferentially metabolized (R)-methadone, and CYP3A4 showed no preference.	Methadone	217-230	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	56-62
14628297-10	2004	When stereoselective metabolism of racemic methadone by CYP2B6, 2C19, and 3A4 was examined using an enantiospecific methadone assay, CYP2B6 preferentially metabolized (S)-methadone, CYP2C19 preferentially metabolized (R)-methadone, and CYP3A4 showed no preference.	Methadone	217-230	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	133-139
14628297-11	2004	These data suggest that multiple CYPs metabolized methadone but CYP2B6 had the highest V(max)/K(m).	Methadone	50-59	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	64-70
14628297-13	2004	Our data could explain why the plasma concentration ratio of R/S methadone is variable and why drugs that induce CYP2B6 such as nevirapine and efavirenz also induce methadone metabolism, while the CYP3A4 inducer rifabutin has no effect on methadone pharmacokinetics.	Methadone	65-74	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
14628297-13	2004	Our data could explain why the plasma concentration ratio of R/S methadone is variable and why drugs that induce CYP2B6 such as nevirapine and efavirenz also induce methadone metabolism, while the CYP3A4 inducer rifabutin has no effect on methadone pharmacokinetics.	Methadone	65-74	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	197-203
14628297-13	2004	Our data could explain why the plasma concentration ratio of R/S methadone is variable and why drugs that induce CYP2B6 such as nevirapine and efavirenz also induce methadone metabolism, while the CYP3A4 inducer rifabutin has no effect on methadone pharmacokinetics.	Methadone	165-174	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
14628297-13	2004	Our data could explain why the plasma concentration ratio of R/S methadone is variable and why drugs that induce CYP2B6 such as nevirapine and efavirenz also induce methadone metabolism, while the CYP3A4 inducer rifabutin has no effect on methadone pharmacokinetics.	Methadone	165-174	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	113-119
15530129-6	2004	For example, by inhibiting CYP2D6, paroxetine increases the steady-state plasma concentrations of (R)-methadone in extensive but not in poor metabolisers of debrisoquine/sparteine.	Methadone	98-111	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	27-33
15055740-7	2004	A significantly higher production of IL-6 was found in both unstimulated and stimulated PBL from heroin addicts and patients maintained on methadone, when compared with PBL from healthy controls.	Methadone	139-148	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	37-41
14640293-2	2003	Methadone is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A2, 3A4, and 2D6.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	28-54
14640293-3	2003	We hypothesized that methadone toxicity may be partially due to CYP 2D6 *3, *4, and *5 variant alleles, resulting in poor drug metabolism.	Methadone	21-30	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	64-71
14587370-4	2003	When prescribing methadone, one should avoid association with other CYP3A4 inhibiting drugs and, if higher doses are necessary, perform regular EKG screening.	Methadone	17-26	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	68-74
14572580-8	2003	The side effects of IFN therapy were no greater in the prior drug abusing population than in the controls, although many in the drug-abusing group increased their dose of methadone to counteract IFN side effects.	Methadone	171-180	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	195-198
14527710-6	2003	methadone causes QTc prolongation in humans; (2) whether methadone and/or chlorobutanol block cardiac HERG potassium currents (IHERG) in vitro.	Methadone	57-66	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	102-106
12895196-0	2003	A discordance between cytochrome P450 2D6 genotype and phenotype in patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	88-97	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	22-41
12895196-1	2003	AIMS: To assess CYP2D6 activity and genotype in a group of patients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment (MMT).	Methadone	79-88	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	16-22
12895196-7	2003	This finding is consistent with inhibition of CYP2D6 activity by methadone and may have implications for the safety and efficacy of other CYP2D6 substrates taken by MMT patients.	Methadone	65-74	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	46-52
12900870-2	2003	Mephenytoin (MEPH), dextromethorphan, diclofenac, caffeine, and methadone (MET) were successfully applied as test substrates for CYP2C19, CYP2D6*1, CYP2C9*1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, respectively.	Methadone	64-73	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	129-136
12900870-2	2003	Mephenytoin (MEPH), dextromethorphan, diclofenac, caffeine, and methadone (MET) were successfully applied as test substrates for CYP2C19, CYP2D6*1, CYP2C9*1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, respectively.	Methadone	64-73	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	138-144
12900870-2	2003	Mephenytoin (MEPH), dextromethorphan, diclofenac, caffeine, and methadone (MET) were successfully applied as test substrates for CYP2C19, CYP2D6*1, CYP2C9*1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, respectively.	Methadone	64-73	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	148-154
12900870-2	2003	Mephenytoin (MEPH), dextromethorphan, diclofenac, caffeine, and methadone (MET) were successfully applied as test substrates for CYP2C19, CYP2D6*1, CYP2C9*1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, respectively.	Methadone	64-73	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	158-164
12900870-2	2003	Mephenytoin (MEPH), dextromethorphan, diclofenac, caffeine, and methadone (MET) were successfully applied as test substrates for CYP2C19, CYP2D6*1, CYP2C9*1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, respectively.	Methadone	64-73	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	170-176
12900870-2	2003	Mephenytoin (MEPH), dextromethorphan, diclofenac, caffeine, and methadone (MET) were successfully applied as test substrates for CYP2C19, CYP2D6*1, CYP2C9*1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, respectively.	Methadone	75-78	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 19	Homo sapiens	129-136
12900870-2	2003	Mephenytoin (MEPH), dextromethorphan, diclofenac, caffeine, and methadone (MET) were successfully applied as test substrates for CYP2C19, CYP2D6*1, CYP2C9*1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, respectively.	Methadone	75-78	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	138-144
12900870-2	2003	Mephenytoin (MEPH), dextromethorphan, diclofenac, caffeine, and methadone (MET) were successfully applied as test substrates for CYP2C19, CYP2D6*1, CYP2C9*1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, respectively.	Methadone	75-78	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9	Homo sapiens	148-154
12900870-2	2003	Mephenytoin (MEPH), dextromethorphan, diclofenac, caffeine, and methadone (MET) were successfully applied as test substrates for CYP2C19, CYP2D6*1, CYP2C9*1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, respectively.	Methadone	75-78	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	158-164
12900870-2	2003	Mephenytoin (MEPH), dextromethorphan, diclofenac, caffeine, and methadone (MET) were successfully applied as test substrates for CYP2C19, CYP2D6*1, CYP2C9*1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, respectively.	Methadone	75-78	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	170-176
12730354-11	2003	Whether methadone-maintained subjects also have decreased dopaminergic response to dynorphin and other kappa-opioid receptor ligands in mesolimbic-mesocortical and nigrostriatal dopaminergic systems cannot be determined from this study.	Methadone	8-17	opioid receptor kappa 1	Homo sapiens	103-124
12756206-2	2003	Based on studies with isoform-selective chemical inhibitors and expressed enzymes, CYP3A4 was the predominant enzyme involved in the metabolism of (R)-methadone.	Methadone	147-160	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	83-89
12756206-4	2003	In recombinant CYP3A4, the metabolic clearance of (R)-methadone was about 4-fold higher than that of (S)-methadone.	Methadone	50-63	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	15-21
12756206-4	2003	In recombinant CYP3A4, the metabolic clearance of (R)-methadone was about 4-fold higher than that of (S)-methadone.	Methadone	101-114	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	15-21
12756206-5	2003	CYP2C8 is also involved in the metabolism of methadone, but its contribution to the metabolism of (R)-methadone was smaller than that of CYP3A4.	Methadone	45-54	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	0-6
12756206-5	2003	CYP2C8 is also involved in the metabolism of methadone, but its contribution to the metabolism of (R)-methadone was smaller than that of CYP3A4.	Methadone	98-111	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	0-6
12756206-10	2003	The present in vitro findings indicated that CYP3A4, CYP2C8, and CYP2D6 are all involved in the stereoselective metabolism of methadone (R)- and (S)-enantiomers.	Methadone	126-135	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	45-51
12756206-10	2003	The present in vitro findings indicated that CYP3A4, CYP2C8, and CYP2D6 are all involved in the stereoselective metabolism of methadone (R)- and (S)-enantiomers.	Methadone	126-135	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	53-59
12756206-10	2003	The present in vitro findings indicated that CYP3A4, CYP2C8, and CYP2D6 are all involved in the stereoselective metabolism of methadone (R)- and (S)-enantiomers.	Methadone	126-135	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	65-71
12756206-11	2003	These data suggest that coadministration of inhibitors of CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 may produce clinically significant drug-drug interactions with methadone.	Methadone	139-148	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	58-64
12756206-11	2003	These data suggest that coadministration of inhibitors of CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 may produce clinically significant drug-drug interactions with methadone.	Methadone	139-148	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 8	Homo sapiens	69-75
12791438-5	2003	Until further evidence is available it may be prudent to be vigilant for arrhythmias when high dosages of methadone (&gt;600mg/day) are used, especially in patients on other drugs that interact with the CYP3A4 isoenzyme system, or with conditions that predispose to torsades de pointes.	Methadone	106-115	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	203-209
12820742-11	2003	The MTP immunoassay resulted in specificities of 52% (methadone) to 95% (opiates, cocain, and metabolite) and sensitivities of 92% (amphetamines) up to 100% (methadone).	Methadone	54-63	metallothionein 1B	Homo sapiens	4-7
12820742-11	2003	The MTP immunoassay resulted in specificities of 52% (methadone) to 95% (opiates, cocain, and metabolite) and sensitivities of 92% (amphetamines) up to 100% (methadone).	Methadone	158-167	metallothionein 1B	Homo sapiens	4-7
12700714-0	2003	Corticotropin-releasing factor testing reveals a dose-dependent difference in methadone maintained vs control subjects.	Methadone	78-87	corticotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	0-30
12651783-3	2003	OBJECTIVES: This study explored, in depth, GPs" views and experiences of providing services for drug misusers such as methadone maintenance, use of guidelines and shared care schemes.	Methadone	118-127	neurobeachin like 2	Homo sapiens	43-47
12609702-1	2003	We examined in vivo the influence of cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) activity, measured by the 30 min plasma 1"OH-midazolam/midazolam ratio after oral administration of 7.5 mg midazolam, on the methadone steady-state trough plasma concentrations in a group of 32 patients in methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	190-199	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	37-55
12609702-1	2003	We examined in vivo the influence of cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) activity, measured by the 30 min plasma 1"OH-midazolam/midazolam ratio after oral administration of 7.5 mg midazolam, on the methadone steady-state trough plasma concentrations in a group of 32 patients in methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	190-199	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	57-63
12609702-1	2003	We examined in vivo the influence of cytochrome P4503A4 (CYP3A4) activity, measured by the 30 min plasma 1"OH-midazolam/midazolam ratio after oral administration of 7.5 mg midazolam, on the methadone steady-state trough plasma concentrations in a group of 32 patients in methadone maintenance treatment.	Methadone	271-280	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	57-63
12609702-3	2003	(S)-methadone and (R,S)-methadone, but not (R)-methadone, concentrations to dose ratios significantly correlated with the midazolam ratios (r(2) = -0.17, P = 0.018; r(2) = -0.14, P = 0.032; r(2) = -0.10, P = 0.083, respectively), with a 76% higher CYP3A4 activity in the very high-dose group as compared with the low-dose group.	Methadone	0-13	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	248-254
12609702-5	2003	The higher CYP3A4 activity measured in patients receiving very high methadone doses could contribute to the need for higher doses in some patients, due to an increased metabolic clearance.	Methadone	68-77	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	11-17
12388652-2	2002	Our results show that LAAM, methadone, fentanyl, and buprenorphine were effective inhibitors of I(HERG), with IC(50) values in the 1 to 10 microM range.	Methadone	28-37	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	98-102
12388652-6	2002	Further investigation showed that methadone block of I(HERG) was rapid, with steady-state inhibition achieved within 1 s when applied at its IC(50) concentration (10 microM) for I(HERG) block.	Methadone	34-43	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	55-59
12388652-6	2002	Further investigation showed that methadone block of I(HERG) was rapid, with steady-state inhibition achieved within 1 s when applied at its IC(50) concentration (10 microM) for I(HERG) block.	Methadone	34-43	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	180-184
12388652-9	2002	These results demonstrate that LAAM and methadone can block I(HERG) in transfected cells at clinically relevant concentrations, thereby providing a plausible mechanism for the adverse cardiac effects observed in some patients receiving LAAM or methadone.	Methadone	40-49	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	62-66
12388652-9	2002	These results demonstrate that LAAM and methadone can block I(HERG) in transfected cells at clinically relevant concentrations, thereby providing a plausible mechanism for the adverse cardiac effects observed in some patients receiving LAAM or methadone.	Methadone	244-253	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2	Homo sapiens	62-66
12023039-0	2002	Methadone induces CCR5 and promotes AIDS virus infection.	Methadone	0-9	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	18-22
12023039-1	2002	Methadone, a regimen for the treatment of opioid dependency, was found to induce the expression of CCR5, a co-receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/simian form of HIV (SIV) entry, on human CEM x174 lymphocytes.	Methadone	0-9	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	99-103
12023039-2	2002	Both CCR5 mRNA and protein were elevated in methadone-treated cells.	Methadone	44-53	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	5-9
12023039-5	2002	Similar methadone effect was not observed on CEM x174 cells infected with other simian retroviruses that do not depend on CCR5 for cellular entry.	Methadone	8-17	C-C motif chemokine receptor 5	Homo sapiens	122-126
11933204-1	2002	Human mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) is the major site for the analgesic action of most opioid drugs such as morphine, methadone and heroin.	Methadone	115-124	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	26-31
11910269-0	2002	Paroxetine increases steady-state concentrations of (R)-methadone in CYP2D6 extensive but not poor metabolizers.	Methadone	52-65	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	69-75
11910269-5	2002	Paroxetine is a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor, and these results confirm previous studies showing an involvement of CYP2D6 in methadone metabolism with a stereoselectivity toward the (R)-enantiomer.	Methadone	120-129	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	110-116
12405865-12	2002	Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and to a lesser extent 2D6 are probably the main isoforms involved in methadone metabolism.	Methadone	96-105	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	0-25
12405865-13	2002	Rifampicin (rifampin), phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, nevirapine, and efavirenz decrease methadone blood concentrations, probably by induction of CYP3A4 activity, which can result in severe withdrawal symptoms.	Methadone	99-108	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	156-162
12405865-14	2002	Inhibitors of CYP3A4, such as fluconazole, and of CYP2D6, such as paroxetine, increase methadone blood concentrations.	Methadone	87-96	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	14-20
12405865-14	2002	Inhibitors of CYP3A4, such as fluconazole, and of CYP2D6, such as paroxetine, increase methadone blood concentrations.	Methadone	87-96	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6	Homo sapiens	50-56
11682217-1	2002	Ion-associate complexes of furaltadone, methadone and trazodone hydrochlorides with [Cd(SCN)(4)](2-) and [Zn(SCN)(4)](2-) were precipitated and the excess unreacted cadmium or zinc complex was determined.	Methadone	40-49	sorcin	Homo sapiens	88-91
11682217-1	2002	Ion-associate complexes of furaltadone, methadone and trazodone hydrochlorides with [Cd(SCN)(4)](2-) and [Zn(SCN)(4)](2-) were precipitated and the excess unreacted cadmium or zinc complex was determined.	Methadone	40-49	sorcin	Homo sapiens	109-112
11752206-6	2002	Chronic treatment with DAMGO or methadone produced internalization of enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-tagged MOR expressed in hippocampal neurons within hours, whereas morphine produced internalization much more slowly, even when accompanied by overexpression of beta-arrestin-2.	Methadone	32-41	arrestin, beta 2, pseudogene	Rattus norvegicus	267-282
11726339-4	2002	Particularly controversial, despite considerable supporting scientific data, is the lon -term use of agonists such as methadone.	Methadone	118-127	lon peptidase 1, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	84-87
11561100-3	2001	(+/-)-methadone inhibited nicotine-stimulated 86Rb+ efflux from the cells in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 1.9 +/- 0.2 microM, indicating that it is a potent nAChR antagonist.	Methadone	0-15	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	183-188
11504799-0	2001	Metabolism of methadone and levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) by human intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4): potential contribution of intestinal metabolism to presystemic clearance and bioactivation.	Methadone	14-23	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	81-100
11504799-0	2001	Metabolism of methadone and levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) by human intestinal cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4): potential contribution of intestinal metabolism to presystemic clearance and bioactivation.	Methadone	14-23	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	102-108
11504799-4	2001	Methadone and LAAM are metabolized by CYP3A4 in human liver.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	38-44
11504799-9	2001	Methadone N-demethylation by CYP3A4 showed biphasic Eadie-Hofstee plots without evidence of positive cooperativity; K(m) values were 10 and 1100 microM for EDDP and 20 and 1000 microM for EMDP formation.	Methadone	0-9	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	29-35
11504799-15	2001	We conclude that methadone, LAAM, and nor-LAAM are metabolized by human intestinal microsomes; CYP3A4 is the predominant cytochrome P450 isoform; CYP3A4-catalyzed methadone, LAAM, and nor-LAAM metabolism is characterized by noncooperative, multisite kinetics; and intestinal metabolism may contribute to presystemic methadone inactivation and LAAM bioactivation.	Methadone	17-26	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	146-152
11504799-15	2001	We conclude that methadone, LAAM, and nor-LAAM are metabolized by human intestinal microsomes; CYP3A4 is the predominant cytochrome P450 isoform; CYP3A4-catalyzed methadone, LAAM, and nor-LAAM metabolism is characterized by noncooperative, multisite kinetics; and intestinal metabolism may contribute to presystemic methadone inactivation and LAAM bioactivation.	Methadone	163-172	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	95-101
11504799-15	2001	We conclude that methadone, LAAM, and nor-LAAM are metabolized by human intestinal microsomes; CYP3A4 is the predominant cytochrome P450 isoform; CYP3A4-catalyzed methadone, LAAM, and nor-LAAM metabolism is characterized by noncooperative, multisite kinetics; and intestinal metabolism may contribute to presystemic methadone inactivation and LAAM bioactivation.	Methadone	163-172	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	146-152
11504799-15	2001	We conclude that methadone, LAAM, and nor-LAAM are metabolized by human intestinal microsomes; CYP3A4 is the predominant cytochrome P450 isoform; CYP3A4-catalyzed methadone, LAAM, and nor-LAAM metabolism is characterized by noncooperative, multisite kinetics; and intestinal metabolism may contribute to presystemic methadone inactivation and LAAM bioactivation.	Methadone	163-172	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	95-101
11504799-15	2001	We conclude that methadone, LAAM, and nor-LAAM are metabolized by human intestinal microsomes; CYP3A4 is the predominant cytochrome P450 isoform; CYP3A4-catalyzed methadone, LAAM, and nor-LAAM metabolism is characterized by noncooperative, multisite kinetics; and intestinal metabolism may contribute to presystemic methadone inactivation and LAAM bioactivation.	Methadone	163-172	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	146-152
11427327-7	2001	Methadone patients achieved mean C(SS1) and C(SS2) of 16 and 55 ng/ml respectively; those of controls were 11 and 33 ng/ml.	Methadone	0-9	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	35-38
11427327-7	2001	Methadone patients achieved mean C(SS1) and C(SS2) of 16 and 55 ng/ml respectively; those of controls were 11 and 33 ng/ml.	Methadone	0-9	butyrophilin like 2	Homo sapiens	46-49
11452244-11	2001	CONCLUSIONS: The disposition of the active enantiomer, R -methadone, can be predicted in part by CYP3A activity and protein binding to alpha1-AGP (ORM2), whereas S-methadone disposition is not well explained by the factors examined in this study.	Methadone	55-67	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	97-102
11452244-11	2001	CONCLUSIONS: The disposition of the active enantiomer, R -methadone, can be predicted in part by CYP3A activity and protein binding to alpha1-AGP (ORM2), whereas S-methadone disposition is not well explained by the factors examined in this study.	Methadone	55-67	orosomucoid 2	Homo sapiens	147-151
11408360-1	2001	This study investigated the effects of racemic methadone (MET) on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in cell culture.	Methadone	47-56	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	66-80
11408360-1	2001	This study investigated the effects of racemic methadone (MET) on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in cell culture.	Methadone	47-56	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
11408360-1	2001	This study investigated the effects of racemic methadone (MET) on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in cell culture.	Methadone	58-61	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	66-80
11408360-1	2001	This study investigated the effects of racemic methadone (MET) on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity in cell culture.	Methadone	58-61	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
11488228-0	2001	[Opioid addiction: P300 assessment in treatment by methadone substitution].	Methadone	51-60	E1A binding protein p300	Homo sapiens	19-23
11318772-4	2001	The UCR and the concentration of the major CYP3A metabolite of methadone, EDDP, were measured in urine.	Methadone	63-72	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	43-48
11318772-8	2001	The UCR was found to be significantly correlated with the amount of EDDP excreted in the urine and with the area under the plasma concentration vs time profile for total (R + S) methadone, supporting in vitro data that CYP3A is primarily responsible for EDDP formation and has a significant influence on methadone disposition.	Methadone	178-187	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	219-224
11318772-8	2001	The UCR was found to be significantly correlated with the amount of EDDP excreted in the urine and with the area under the plasma concentration vs time profile for total (R + S) methadone, supporting in vitro data that CYP3A is primarily responsible for EDDP formation and has a significant influence on methadone disposition.	Methadone	304-313	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	219-224
11318772-9	2001	CONCLUSIONS: Methadone appears to be a CYP3A inhibitor in vivo following a single oral dose and measurements of the urinary cortisol ratio appear to be a useful index to follow this inhibition.	Methadone	13-22	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	39-44
11270921-7	2001	These results confirm the involvement of cytochrome P450 2D6 in methadone metabolism.	Methadone	64-73	cytochrome P450 2D6	Homo sapiens	41-60
11239921-3	2001	We now report that perinatal administration of either methadone or buprenorphine reduces the content of the neurotrophic factor nerve growth factor (NGF) in rat striatum, which may explain the behavioral deficits observed.	Methadone	54-63	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	128-147
11239921-3	2001	We now report that perinatal administration of either methadone or buprenorphine reduces the content of the neurotrophic factor nerve growth factor (NGF) in rat striatum, which may explain the behavioral deficits observed.	Methadone	54-63	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
11298066-1	2001	AIMS: Methadone is predominantly metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 and the non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) efavirenz is a recognized inducer of this enzyme.	Methadone	6-15	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	48-67
11275413-1	2001	The opioids heroin, methadone, buprenorphine, and morphine produce supraspinal antinociception in CD-1 mice that is antagonized by Cys(2), Tyr(3), Orn(5), Pen(7)-amide but not by naltrindole or nor-binaltorphimine.	Methadone	20-29	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 inhibitor	Mus musculus	155-158
11743707-0	2001	Long-term methadone treatment: effect on CD4+ lymphocyte counts and HIV-1 plasma RNA level in patients with HIV infection.	Methadone	10-19	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	41-44
11743707-1	2001	The objective was to examine the effect of methadone on CD4+ lymphocyte counts and viral load and to expect to document the safety of methadone maintenance in patients with human immune deficiency syndrome.	Methadone	43-52	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	56-59
11743707-8	2001	The slope of regression of CD4+ count showed a significantly steeper decline in the methadone-using patients compared with the methadone non-users (r= 0.487; p&lt; 0.05).	Methadone	84-93	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	27-30
11743707-8	2001	The slope of regression of CD4+ count showed a significantly steeper decline in the methadone-using patients compared with the methadone non-users (r= 0.487; p&lt; 0.05).	Methadone	127-136	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	27-30
11743707-10	2001	Long-term methadone use was associated with a significantly faster decrease of CD4+ count in HIV-1 affected patients compared with methadone non-users.	Methadone	10-19	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	79-82
11263518-1	2001	SETTING: An out-patient methadone treatment program MTP).	Methadone	24-33	metallothionein 1B	Homo sapiens	52-55
11145498-2	2000	We suggest that this was caused by ciprofloxacin inhibition of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activity, two of the cytochrome p450 isozymes involved in the metabolism of methadone.	Methadone	157-166	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	63-69
11145498-2	2000	We suggest that this was caused by ciprofloxacin inhibition of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activity, two of the cytochrome p450 isozymes involved in the metabolism of methadone.	Methadone	157-166	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	74-80
11054765-0	2000	The D(2) dopamine receptor A(1) allele and opioid dependence: association with heroin use and response to methadone treatment.	Methadone	106-115	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	4-26
11054765-8	2000	The results indicate that DRD2 variants are predictors of heroin use and subsequent methadone treatment outcome and suggest a pharmacogenetic approach to the treatment of opioid dependence.	Methadone	84-93	dopamine receptor D2	Homo sapiens	26-30
10962774-0	2000	Psychosis in a methadone-substituted patient during interferon-alpha treatment of hepatitis C. Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is the only effective treatment for chronic hepatitis B and C. Over 2/3 of methadone-substituted patients suffer from chronic hepatitis C but a history of psychiatric disorders or drug addiction is still seen as a contraindication for IFN-alpha because of a possible increased risk of severe psychiatric side effects such as depression, suicide attempts or psychotic episodes.	Methadone	15-24	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	113-122
10962774-0	2000	Psychosis in a methadone-substituted patient during interferon-alpha treatment of hepatitis C. Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is the only effective treatment for chronic hepatitis B and C. Over 2/3 of methadone-substituted patients suffer from chronic hepatitis C but a history of psychiatric disorders or drug addiction is still seen as a contraindication for IFN-alpha because of a possible increased risk of severe psychiatric side effects such as depression, suicide attempts or psychotic episodes.	Methadone	15-24	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	359-368
10962774-0	2000	Psychosis in a methadone-substituted patient during interferon-alpha treatment of hepatitis C. Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is the only effective treatment for chronic hepatitis B and C. Over 2/3 of methadone-substituted patients suffer from chronic hepatitis C but a history of psychiatric disorders or drug addiction is still seen as a contraindication for IFN-alpha because of a possible increased risk of severe psychiatric side effects such as depression, suicide attempts or psychotic episodes.	Methadone	199-208	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	113-122
10641980-3	2000	Because ritonavir can induce CYP3A, it can decrease methadone plasma levels.	Methadone	52-61	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	29-34
10607882-4	1999	Similarly, it was found that propoxyphene, methadone, and naloxone also can block GIRK1/GIRK2 current.	Methadone	43-52	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 3	Homo sapiens	82-87
10607882-4	1999	Similarly, it was found that propoxyphene, methadone, and naloxone also can block GIRK1/GIRK2 current.	Methadone	43-52	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 6	Homo sapiens	88-93