PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
20582262-4	2010	The muscarinic receptor agonist, bethanechol (0.3-3 muM), caused similar contractions of the longitudinal muscle in colon segments from WT, P2X2 and P2X3 subunit KO mice.	Bethanechol	33-44	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 2	Mus musculus	140-144
20385802-9	2010	Finally, treatment of mutant mice selectively lacking RGS4 in pancreatic beta-cells with a muscarinic agonist (bethanechol) led to significantly increased plasma insulin and reduced blood glucose levels, as compared to control littermates.	Bethanechol	111-122	regulator of G-protein signaling 4	Mus musculus	54-58
20582262-4	2010	The muscarinic receptor agonist, bethanechol (0.3-3 muM), caused similar contractions of the longitudinal muscle in colon segments from WT, P2X2 and P2X3 subunit KO mice.	Bethanechol	33-44	purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 3	Mus musculus	149-153
18987553-3	2009	It has been also shown that an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, the short-acting drug edrophonium administered intravenously caused a greater increase in the esophageal contraction amplitude and duration than bethanechol.	Bethanechol	208-219	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	31-51
19389001-6	2009	The IL-6-treated strips were incubated for 30 min in the presence or absence indomethacin or SQ29548, and then the effects on ACh- or BCh-induced contractions were measured.	Bethanechol	134-137	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
19389001-8	2009	The ACh- and BCh-induced contractions were increased in the IL-6 pretreated strips from both dome and trigone, regardless of the presence of urothelium (P<0.05).	Bethanechol	13-16	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
19892938-7	2010	PYY(3-36) also inhibited bethanechol-stimulated FPO and diarrhea.	Bethanechol	25-36	peptide YY	Mus musculus	0-3
19022369-3	2009	RESULTS: CEB significantly decreased the severity of gastric damage formation induced by the combination of several gastroprotective models (HCl/ethanol, indomethacin/bethanecol, absolute ethanol, stress and pylorus ligature).	Bethanechol	167-177	cathepsin E	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
18045856-5	2008	Bethanecol increased the amplitudes of phasic contractions in antrum smooth muscles from both control and PLB-KO mice.	Bethanechol	0-10	phospholamban	Mus musculus	106-109
19296048-9	2009	Administration of high-dose CGRP inhibited basal acid output and gastric acid secretion from both vagal nerve and bethanecol stimulation.	Bethanechol	114-124	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
15023860-9	2004	In wild-type urethane-anesthetized mice, PACAP-38 (3-270 microg kg(-1) h(-1)) did not affect the low basal acid secretion, but inhibited the acid response to pentagastrin, histamine, and bethanechol.	Bethanechol	187-198	adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	41-46
17187588-7	2007	Complementary in vitro studies showed direct effects of bethanechol on T84 epithelial cells, where increased HRP uptake was associated with increased F-actin, and increased cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) phosphorylation.	Bethanechol	56-67	phospholipase A2 group IVA	Homo sapiens	173-210
16253451-2	2006	HEL (500 and 1000 mg/kg) and HEB (1000 mg/kg) significantly reduced the gastric injuries induced by the combination of HCl/ethanol and lowered the severity of gastric damage formation induced by indomethacin/bethanechol in mice.	Bethanechol	208-219	Fras1 related extracellular matrix protein 1	Mus musculus	29-32
15249143-5	2004	Repeated injections of the mAChR agonist bethanechol (5 mg/kg injected twice per day for 7 days) also produced increases in TH mRNA levels; however, TH protein levels and TH activity did not increase in response to bethanechol.	Bethanechol	41-52	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	124-126
18055517-11	2008	In primary culture of mixed neonatal rat cardiac fibroblast and cardiomyocytes, cotreatment with muscarinic agonist bethanechol reversed phenylephrine-induced increase in MMP-9 activation.	Bethanechol	116-127	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
16946103-5	2006	The muscarinic agonist bethanechol reduced hyperpolarization-evoked peak ERG currents at -100 mV by 23 +/- 1% and increased both fast and slow time constants of deactivation, resulting in increased steady-state currents between -55 and -35 mV.	Bethanechol	23-34	ETS transcription factor	Mus musculus	73-76
16185316-0	2005	mu-Opiate receptor agonist loperamide blocks bethanechol-induced gallbladder contraction, despite higher cholecystokinin plasma levels in man.	Bethanechol	45-56	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	0-18
16185316-8	2005	Incremental integrated CCK release after bethanechol was higher under loperamide (P < or = 0.05), as placebo CCK release was significantly decreased under bethanechol (2.0 +/- 0.4-0.8 +/- 0.3 pmol L(-1)).	Bethanechol	41-52	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	23-26
16185316-8	2005	Incremental integrated CCK release after bethanechol was higher under loperamide (P < or = 0.05), as placebo CCK release was significantly decreased under bethanechol (2.0 +/- 0.4-0.8 +/- 0.3 pmol L(-1)).	Bethanechol	158-169	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	112-115
16185316-10	2005	CONCLUSION: The mu-opiate receptor agonist loperamide inhibits bethanechol-induced gallbladder contraction.	Bethanechol	63-74	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	16-34
15178697-5	2004	Ang II (0.3 microM to 100 microM) produced initial contractions (E(max) = 11.49 +/- 9.39%) followed by active relaxations [I(max) (maximum inhibition elicited by the agonist) = 47.85 +/- 4.23%] on strips precontracted by bethanechol (100 microM).	Bethanechol	221-232	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
15178697-6	2004	A second administration of Ang II on the background of bethanechol (1 h later) resulted in stronger relaxations (I(max) = 64.03 +/- 5.47%) without the initial contractions.	Bethanechol	55-66	angiogenin	Rattus norvegicus	27-30
15041481-9	2004	In response to bethanechol, C/EBPalpha of 42 kDa increased by 105%, C/EBPbeta LAP by 40% and C/EBPdelta by 170%, while C/EBPalpha of 30 kDa decreased by 30% and C/EBPalpha of 38 kDa and C/EBPbeta LIP remained unchanged.	Bethanechol	15-26	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
15041481-9	2004	In response to bethanechol, C/EBPalpha of 42 kDa increased by 105%, C/EBPbeta LAP by 40% and C/EBPdelta by 170%, while C/EBPalpha of 30 kDa decreased by 30% and C/EBPalpha of 38 kDa and C/EBPbeta LIP remained unchanged.	Bethanechol	15-26	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta	Rattus norvegicus	68-77
15041481-9	2004	In response to bethanechol, C/EBPalpha of 42 kDa increased by 105%, C/EBPbeta LAP by 40% and C/EBPdelta by 170%, while C/EBPalpha of 30 kDa decreased by 30% and C/EBPalpha of 38 kDa and C/EBPbeta LIP remained unchanged.	Bethanechol	15-26	leucine aminopeptidase 3	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
15041481-9	2004	In response to bethanechol, C/EBPalpha of 42 kDa increased by 105%, C/EBPbeta LAP by 40% and C/EBPdelta by 170%, while C/EBPalpha of 30 kDa decreased by 30% and C/EBPalpha of 38 kDa and C/EBPbeta LIP remained unchanged.	Bethanechol	15-26	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein delta	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
15041481-9	2004	In response to bethanechol, C/EBPalpha of 42 kDa increased by 105%, C/EBPbeta LAP by 40% and C/EBPdelta by 170%, while C/EBPalpha of 30 kDa decreased by 30% and C/EBPalpha of 38 kDa and C/EBPbeta LIP remained unchanged.	Bethanechol	15-26	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
15041481-9	2004	In response to bethanechol, C/EBPalpha of 42 kDa increased by 105%, C/EBPbeta LAP by 40% and C/EBPdelta by 170%, while C/EBPalpha of 30 kDa decreased by 30% and C/EBPalpha of 38 kDa and C/EBPbeta LIP remained unchanged.	Bethanechol	15-26	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha	Rattus norvegicus	119-129
15631319-8	2004	RESULTS: Administration of bethanechol resulted in a significant increase in esophageal mucin release from 2.4 +/- 0.4 to 8.0 +/- 1.2 microg/cm2/min (p < 0.01); enhancement of protein output from 8.9 +/- 2.0 to 20.4 +/- 2.9 microg/cm2/min (p < 0.01) and potentiation of specific viscosity from 7.5 +/- 0.6 to 14.4 +/- 0.8 (p < 0.01).	Bethanechol	27-38	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	88-93
15076319-11	2004	Following bethanechol induced intermittent contraction Western blotting revealed 80% relative over expression of h-CaD in treated transfected cell lines (p <0.05) and 74% (not significant) in treated nontransfected controls.	Bethanechol	10-21	caldesmon 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
12810581-6	2003	Bethanechol, a nonselective muscarinic agonist, significantly stimulated GLP-1 secretion to 187 +/- 20% of the control (P < 0.01, n = 8).	Bethanechol	0-11	glucagon	Homo sapiens	73-78
12810581-7	2003	Pirenzepine (M1 antagonist; 10-1000 microM) and gallamine (M2 antagonist; 10-1000 microM) completely inhibited bethanechol-induced GLP-1 secretion, whereas 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine (M3 antagonist) had no effect on bethanechol-stimulated GLP-1 secretion.	Bethanechol	111-122	glucagon	Homo sapiens	131-136
12810581-7	2003	Pirenzepine (M1 antagonist; 10-1000 microM) and gallamine (M2 antagonist; 10-1000 microM) completely inhibited bethanechol-induced GLP-1 secretion, whereas 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine (M3 antagonist) had no effect on bethanechol-stimulated GLP-1 secretion.	Bethanechol	111-122	glucagon	Homo sapiens	249-254
11711576-8	2001	Infusion of ghrelin (12 nmol kg(-1) h(-1)) abolished pancreatic protein secretion caused by the central vagal stimulant 2-deoxy-D-glucose (75 mg kg(-1)), whereas bethanechol-stimulated pancreatic protein output was inhibited by only 59 +/- 7 %.	Bethanechol	162-173	ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	12-19
12655462-0	2003	Brain muscarinic receptor subtypes mediating water intake and Fos following cerebroventricular administration of bethanecol in rats.	Bethanechol	113-123	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
12655462-2	2003	OBJECTIVES: To examine whether drinking and brain Fos-immunoreactivity (ir) induced in rats by central administration of bethanecol is reversed by either the preferential M1 antagonist pirenzepine, the M3 antagonist 4-DAMP, or their combination.	Bethanechol	121-131	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
12655462-9	2003	Fos-ir was induced by bethanecol in many brain regions previously implicated in body fluid regulation, including subfornical organ and the magnocellular supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei.	Bethanechol	22-32	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
12655462-13	2003	Fos-ir induced in fluid-related brain regions by bethanecol either uses additional receptor type(s) or is less easily blocked than drinking behavior.	Bethanechol	49-59	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
11961491-11	2002	The inhibitory effect of insulin was reversed by bethanechol.	Bethanechol	49-60	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	25-32
11761027-5	2001	RESULTS: Intra-arterial bethanechol (200 microM) or luminal deoxycholate (5 mM) produced a significant mucin discharge (609% and 386% of controls, respectively).	Bethanechol	24-35	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	103-108
11761027-8	2001	Intra-arterial infusion of the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine (10 microM) also reduced mucin discharge induced by bethanechol or deoxycholate (304% and 223% of controls, respectively).	Bethanechol	121-132	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-41
11761027-8	2001	Intra-arterial infusion of the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine (10 microM) also reduced mucin discharge induced by bethanechol or deoxycholate (304% and 223% of controls, respectively).	Bethanechol	121-132	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
11761027-11	2001	CONCLUSION: In the isolated vascularly perfused rat colon, mucin discharge induced by bethanechol or deoxycholate requires extracellular calcium and the activation of voltage-dependent calcium channels of L-type.	Bethanechol	86-97	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
12354575-6	2002	Somatostatin partially inhibited the acid secretion stimulated by bethanechol.	Bethanechol	66-77	somatostatin	Mus musculus	0-12
12354575-7	2002	The late sustained acid secretion induced by bethanechol was reduced more strongly by somatostatin than the initial peak secretion.	Bethanechol	45-56	somatostatin	Mus musculus	86-98
12354575-9	2002	Somatostatin had no effect on basal histamine secretion in isolated mouse stomach preparations, but markedly reduced histamine release induced by McN-A-343 and bethanechol.	Bethanechol	160-171	somatostatin	Mus musculus	0-12
12021207-7	2002	Incubating FRIC cultures with bethanechol (a muscarinic receptor agonist) stimulated GLP-1 secretion to 200 +/- 22% of control (P < 0.01).	Bethanechol	30-41	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
12021207-8	2002	Pirenzepine and gallamine significantly inhibited bethanechol-stimulated GLP-1 secretion, by 96 +/- 12% and 98 +/- 8%, respectively (P < 0.01).	Bethanechol	50-61	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
11705751-6	2001	EB3 developed significantly higher tension in response to stretch and to bethanechol than did EB1.	Bethanechol	73-84	microtubule associated protein RP/EB family member 3	Homo sapiens	0-3
11705751-7	2001	The relaxation response to EFS in bethanechol-precontracted strips was less in EB3 than in EB1.	Bethanechol	34-45	microtubule associated protein RP/EB family member 3	Homo sapiens	79-82
11705751-7	2001	The relaxation response to EFS in bethanechol-precontracted strips was less in EB3 than in EB1.	Bethanechol	34-45	microtubule associated protein RP/EB family member 1	Homo sapiens	91-94
10898716-7	2000	Several potential activators of the phospholipase C system (bethanechol, ATP, and bradykinin), and thereby of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, produced minimal or no changes in [Ca(2+)](i) and did not affect the basal release of CA.	Bethanechol	60-71	LOC100009319	Oryctolagus cuniculus	36-51
10623897-6	2000	Synergism was also found between bethanechol, a muscarinic agonist, and secretin, but not between secretin and dimethylphenylpiperazinium, a nicotinic agonist.	Bethanechol	33-44	secretin	Homo sapiens	72-80
10198350-10	1999	Vagal ligation but not perivagal capsaicin treatment reduced the inhibitory effect of secretin on bethanechol-stimulated contraction of isolated forestomach muscle strips, causing a right shift in the dose-response curve.	Bethanechol	98-109	secretin	Rattus norvegicus	86-94
10569177-2	1999	In this investigation the contractile responses to field stimulation and bethanechol were directly correlated with the activity of citrate synthase as a function of both the duration of obstruction and the bladder mass.	Bethanechol	73-84	citrate synthase, mitochondrial	Oryctolagus cuniculus	131-147
9815038-2	1998	Bethanechol (100-200 microM), bombesin (100 nM), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, 100 nM) provoked a dramatic mucin discharge (maximal response at 900, 900, and 600% of control loops, respectively).	Bethanechol	0-11	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
9887178-7	1999	However, intravenous injections of bethanecol, a peripherally acting cholinergic agonist with direct gastrokinetic effects, were still able to elicit normal increases in gastric motility in the presence of TNF-alpha and LPS.	Bethanechol	35-45	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	206-215
9815038-2	1998	Bethanechol (100-200 microM), bombesin (100 nM), and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, 100 nM) provoked a dramatic mucin discharge (maximal response at 900, 900, and 600% of control loops, respectively).	Bethanechol	0-11	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
9694941-2	1998	Bethanechol and carbachol produce dose-dependent increases in rat adrenal TH activity.	Bethanechol	0-11	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	74-76
9694941-8	1998	Cross-tolerance between the nicotine- and bethanechol-mediated effects on TH enzyme activity are not observed, when rats are injected repeatedly with nicotine and then administered bethanechol or vice versa.	Bethanechol	42-53	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	74-76
9694941-8	1998	Cross-tolerance between the nicotine- and bethanechol-mediated effects on TH enzyme activity are not observed, when rats are injected repeatedly with nicotine and then administered bethanechol or vice versa.	Bethanechol	181-192	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	74-76
9751489-5	1998	In tests of several neurotransmitters, only the cholinergic agonists carbachol and bethanechol stimulated peptide secretion in a dose-dependent fashion (by 2.3 +/- 0.5- and 1.7 +/- 0.3-fold at 1000 microM; P < 0.05-0.001); the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol and the chloride channel inhibitor gamma-aminobutyric acid did not affect release of GLP-1.	Bethanechol	83-94	glucagon	Mus musculus	353-358
9694941-5	1998	Transection of the splanchnic nerve innervating the adrenal gland leads to a loss in the activation of TH elicited by bethanechol, suggesting that transsynaptic influences are necessary for enzyme activation.	Bethanechol	118-129	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	103-105
9694941-6	1998	When bethanechol is administered repeatedly once every hour for 3 hr (four injections), TH activity is not increased 20 min after the last injection, suggesting that the muscarinic receptor-mediated response desensitizes.	Bethanechol	5-16	tyrosine hydroxylase	Rattus norvegicus	88-90
9336768-2	1997	Bath-applied cAMP reversibly decreased the frequency of extracellularly recorded discharges in the CA3 subfield induced by bethanechol- or theophylline-containing solutions.	Bethanechol	123-134	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
9142907-7	1997	We conclude that the prairie dog gallbladder contains constitutive NOS and synthesizes NO, which is important for the maintenance of basal gallbladder tone and is an inhibitor of the contractile response of the gallbladder to agonists such as CCK and bethanechol.	Bethanechol	251-262	cholecystokinin	Canis lupus familiaris	243-246
9329567-11	1997	Finally, addition of the mucin secretagogue bethanechol (6 mM) to the culture medium increased CA 19-9 activity in the medium.	Bethanechol	44-55	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	25-30
10072945-3	1997	RESULTS: Bet stimulated the activation of, or generation of Ca(2+)-independent activity of, this kinase, in a concentration (0.0001-1 mmol.L-1) and time (5-300 s)-dependent manner; with Bet of 100 mumol.L-1, Ca(2+)-independent activity increased from an unstimulated level of 4.5 +/- 0.3 (n = 4) to 8.9 +/- 1.3 (n = 4, P < 0.05) at 5 s. Another Ca2+ mobilizing secretagogue cholecystokinin (CCK) also activated the kinase; at 1 mumol.L-1, CCK increased Ca(2+)-independent kinase activity to 12.9 +/- 0.5 (n = 6, P < 0.05).	Bethanechol	9-12	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	394-397
10072945-3	1997	RESULTS: Bet stimulated the activation of, or generation of Ca(2+)-independent activity of, this kinase, in a concentration (0.0001-1 mmol.L-1) and time (5-300 s)-dependent manner; with Bet of 100 mumol.L-1, Ca(2+)-independent activity increased from an unstimulated level of 4.5 +/- 0.3 (n = 4) to 8.9 +/- 1.3 (n = 4, P < 0.05) at 5 s. Another Ca2+ mobilizing secretagogue cholecystokinin (CCK) also activated the kinase; at 1 mumol.L-1, CCK increased Ca(2+)-independent kinase activity to 12.9 +/- 0.5 (n = 6, P < 0.05).	Bethanechol	9-12	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	442-445
9144307-11	1997	CONCLUSION: In the isolated, vascularly perfused rat colon, mucus cells strongly respond to the well-known mucin secretagogues, bethanechol and dmPGE2.	Bethanechol	128-139	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	107-112
7588257-6	1995	The muscarinic cholinergic agonist bethanechol at a concentration of 10(-4) M provoked a biphasic release of PYY, GLP-1, and NT, consisting of an early peak followed by a sustained response.	Bethanechol	35-46	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
8877029-5	1996	In groups of healthy subjects (n = 6 each) stimulation of pancreatic polypeptide was assessed in five different tests: (i) insulin-hypoglycaemia; (ii) modified sham feeding; (iii) intravenous infusion of the cholecystokinin analogue ceruletide; (iv) injection of corticotropin releasing hormone; (v) infusion of the muscarinic acetylcholine agonist bethanechol.	Bethanechol	349-360	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	58-80
8852818-7	1996	PYY was also shown to reduce the direct action of the cholinergic agonist bethanechol on the epithelium.	Bethanechol	74-85	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
7588257-6	1995	The muscarinic cholinergic agonist bethanechol at a concentration of 10(-4) M provoked a biphasic release of PYY, GLP-1, and NT, consisting of an early peak followed by a sustained response.	Bethanechol	35-46	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	114-119
7588257-6	1995	The muscarinic cholinergic agonist bethanechol at a concentration of 10(-4) M provoked a biphasic release of PYY, GLP-1, and NT, consisting of an early peak followed by a sustained response.	Bethanechol	35-46	neurotensin	Rattus norvegicus	125-127
7569765-8	1995	Bethanechol (10(-5) M, 10(-4) M) produced a PYY release that was maximal at the end of the 30-min infusion period.	Bethanechol	0-11	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
7557142-4	1995	The effect of intracisternal injection of apo A-IV on gastric acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin, bethanechol, or intracisternal thyrotropin-releasing hormone (central vagal stimulant) was examined.	Bethanechol	105-116	apolipoprotein A4	Rattus norvegicus	42-50
7557142-6	1995	RESULTS: Intracisternal apo A-IV significantly inhibited pentagastrin-, bethanechol-, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated gastric acid secretion in a similar fashion.	Bethanechol	72-83	apolipoprotein A4	Rattus norvegicus	24-32
7594769-9	1995	Urecholine and duodenal nutrient also resulted in a marked increment in plasma insulin and glucagon, the insulin (but not glucagon) increment being abolished by the pretreatment with L-NNA and reversed by the addition of L-arg.	Bethanechol	0-10	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	79-86
7594769-9	1995	Urecholine and duodenal nutrient also resulted in a marked increment in plasma insulin and glucagon, the insulin (but not glucagon) increment being abolished by the pretreatment with L-NNA and reversed by the addition of L-arg.	Bethanechol	0-10	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	105-112
7988423-10	1994	Finally, the muscarinic cholinergic agonist bethanechol at a concentration of 10(-4) M evoked a gradual increase in GLP-1 immunoreactivity, which reached a maximal value (900% over basal) at the end of the 30-min infusion period.	Bethanechol	44-55	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	116-121
7737260-6	1995	Only high doses of bethanechol enhanced gastrin (P < 0.05), cholecystokinin (P < 0.05), and pancreatic polypeptide (P < 0.01) release.	Bethanechol	19-30	gastrin	Homo sapiens	40-47
7737260-9	1995	With co-infusion of bethanechol and loxiglumide, PP release dropped by 63% (P < 0.01); gastric acid output, gastrin and CCK release increased by 56%, 16%, and 25%, respectively (P < 0.05).	Bethanechol	20-31	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	123-126
7810651-3	1994	The CGRP antagonist, human CGRP-(8-37) [hCGRP-(8-37)], injected intravenously (15 micrograms/kg bolus and 3 micrograms.kg-1.h-1) inhibited by 100, 97, and 73% the gastric hyperemic response to alpha-CGRP, TRH analogue, and bethanechol, respectively, whereas the substance P antagonist CP-96,345 (3 mg/kg iv) had no effect.	Bethanechol	223-234	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	40-45
7864146-3	1995	The mPRF of conscious cats was injected with bethanechol to define an mPRF zone causing state-dependent respiratory depression.	Bethanechol	45-56	Spi-C transcription factor (Spi-1/PU.1 related)	Mus musculus	4-8
7864146-3	1995	The mPRF of conscious cats was injected with bethanechol to define an mPRF zone causing state-dependent respiratory depression.	Bethanechol	45-56	Spi-C transcription factor (Spi-1/PU.1 related)	Mus musculus	70-74
7526830-4	1994	Although bethanechol and isoproterenol were effective to relax rat aortae preconstricted with 1 x 10(-5) M norepinephrine, yet guinea pig aortae preconstricted with norepinephrine were not responsive to bethanechol and isoproterenol in similar concentrations tested.	Bethanechol	9-20	neurogenin 3	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
7810332-5	1994	The latter included preliminary observations on the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the bethanechol-evoked response.	Bethanechol	105-116	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	62-91
7810332-5	1994	The latter included preliminary observations on the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the bethanechol-evoked response.	Bethanechol	105-116	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	93-96
8105149-7	1993	In the denervated animals, bethanechol eliminated the inhibitory effects of PYY.	Bethanechol	27-38	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	76-79
8278624-7	1993	IV administration of bethanechol, a cholinergic agonist, and electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve resulted in release of PYY.	Bethanechol	21-32	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	126-129
8101500-8	1993	Bethanechol alone potentiated secretin-induced bicarbonate output from both the innervated and denervated pancreas.	Bethanechol	0-11	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	30-38
8095031-2	1993	Intraperitoneally administered bethanechol induced a decrease in the gastric wall immunoreactive TRH (ir-TRH) concentrations and an increase in gastric juice ir-TRH concentrations in a dose-related manner, while atropine induced an increase in gastric wall ir-TRH concentrations and a decrease in gastric juice ir-TRH concentrations under non-stress condition.	Bethanechol	31-42	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
7681629-11	1993	We conclude that 1) TRH is present throughout the gastrointestinal tract, with highest concentrations in the region distal to the LES; 2) TRH has no effect on basal LES tone; and 3) TRH inhibits the LES response to endogenously released and exogenous substance P but not the LES response to bethanechol.	Bethanechol	291-302	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	20-23
8096337-5	1993	Bethanechol increased trypsin output (p < 0.05) and plasma concentrations of PP (p < 0.05) within the ranges of spontaneous fluctuations of trypsin output and PP during phase II, but did not disrupt the periodicity of pancreatic secretion or the characteristic cyclical pattern of interdigestive motility and induction of phase III activity.	Bethanechol	0-11	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	80-82
8096337-5	1993	Bethanechol increased trypsin output (p < 0.05) and plasma concentrations of PP (p < 0.05) within the ranges of spontaneous fluctuations of trypsin output and PP during phase II, but did not disrupt the periodicity of pancreatic secretion or the characteristic cyclical pattern of interdigestive motility and induction of phase III activity.	Bethanechol	0-11	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	165-167
8095031-2	1993	Intraperitoneally administered bethanechol induced a decrease in the gastric wall immunoreactive TRH (ir-TRH) concentrations and an increase in gastric juice ir-TRH concentrations in a dose-related manner, while atropine induced an increase in gastric wall ir-TRH concentrations and a decrease in gastric juice ir-TRH concentrations under non-stress condition.	Bethanechol	31-42	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
8095031-2	1993	Intraperitoneally administered bethanechol induced a decrease in the gastric wall immunoreactive TRH (ir-TRH) concentrations and an increase in gastric juice ir-TRH concentrations in a dose-related manner, while atropine induced an increase in gastric wall ir-TRH concentrations and a decrease in gastric juice ir-TRH concentrations under non-stress condition.	Bethanechol	31-42	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
8095031-2	1993	Intraperitoneally administered bethanechol induced a decrease in the gastric wall immunoreactive TRH (ir-TRH) concentrations and an increase in gastric juice ir-TRH concentrations in a dose-related manner, while atropine induced an increase in gastric wall ir-TRH concentrations and a decrease in gastric juice ir-TRH concentrations under non-stress condition.	Bethanechol	31-42	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
8095031-2	1993	Intraperitoneally administered bethanechol induced a decrease in the gastric wall immunoreactive TRH (ir-TRH) concentrations and an increase in gastric juice ir-TRH concentrations in a dose-related manner, while atropine induced an increase in gastric wall ir-TRH concentrations and a decrease in gastric juice ir-TRH concentrations under non-stress condition.	Bethanechol	31-42	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
1682117-4	1991	The cholinergic agonist bethanechol caused a dose-dependent and atropine-sensitive increase in mucin secretion from the normal intestine but had no effect on mucin release from diabetic tissue.	Bethanechol	24-35	solute carrier family 13 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	95-100
1568562-1	1992	Dog gastric lipase (DGL) secretion is stimulated in vivo by urecholine, pentagastrin, histamine, 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2, and secretin.	Bethanechol	60-70	lipase F, gastric type	Canis lupus familiaris	4-18
1568562-1	1992	Dog gastric lipase (DGL) secretion is stimulated in vivo by urecholine, pentagastrin, histamine, 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2, and secretin.	Bethanechol	60-70	lipase F, gastric type	Canis lupus familiaris	20-23
8297941-2	1993	Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), adenosine, and norepinephrine induced tetrodotoxin-insensitive, concentration-dependent relaxation in bethanechol-precontracted (3 microM) gastric muscle strips from newborns and weanlings.	Bethanechol	139-150	VIP peptides	Oryctolagus cuniculus	31-34
1348128-3	1992	Bethanechol, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 or 3.2 mg/kg injected subcutaneously, dose-dependently increased the basal gastric secretory volume and acid output in pylorus-ligated control animals which normally drank tap water.	Bethanechol	0-11	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	199-202
2001835-6	1991	In contrast, in the stomach age-related decreases in the response to maximally effective concentrations of bombesin were observed, from 2930 +/- 179 mN/cm2 (98% of the maximal response to bethanechol) in the newborn to 565 +/- 81 mN/cm2 (4% of the maximal response to bethanechol) in the weanling (P less than 0.005).	Bethanechol	188-199	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	107-115
1680587-5	1991	The same blood concentration of VIP potentiated the stimulation of salivary flow rate caused by intraarterial infusion of bethanechol but nerve stimulation was not potentiated.	Bethanechol	122-133	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	32-35
2001835-6	1991	In contrast, in the stomach age-related decreases in the response to maximally effective concentrations of bombesin were observed, from 2930 +/- 179 mN/cm2 (98% of the maximal response to bethanechol) in the newborn to 565 +/- 81 mN/cm2 (4% of the maximal response to bethanechol) in the weanling (P less than 0.005).	Bethanechol	268-279	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	107-115
2001835-7	1991	In the colon, a twofold increase in response to bombesin was observed, from 446 +/- 59 mN/cm2 (82% of the response to bethanechol) in the newborn to 862 +/- 11 mN/cm2 (29% of the response to bethanechol) in the weanling (P less than 0.05).	Bethanechol	118-129	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	48-56
2001835-7	1991	In the colon, a twofold increase in response to bombesin was observed, from 446 +/- 59 mN/cm2 (82% of the response to bethanechol) in the newborn to 862 +/- 11 mN/cm2 (29% of the response to bethanechol) in the weanling (P less than 0.05).	Bethanechol	191-202	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	48-56
2571301-3	1989	Muscle strips contracted with bethanechol (10(-5) M) were relaxed by electrical stimulation (0.5-5 Hz) and by VIP (10(-8)-10(-6) M).	Bethanechol	30-41	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	110-113
1678198-2	1991	The pepsinogen secretion in response to bethanechol was inhibited by somatostatin in a noncompetitive fashion.	Bethanechol	40-51	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	69-81
1678198-3	1991	The maximal response induced by bethanechol was reduced and the EC50 for bethanechol was increased in the presence of somatostatin.	Bethanechol	32-43	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	118-130
1678198-3	1991	The maximal response induced by bethanechol was reduced and the EC50 for bethanechol was increased in the presence of somatostatin.	Bethanechol	73-84	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	118-130
2359403-8	1990	Incubation of the SK-N-SH cells with the partial muscarinic agonists bethanechol and arecoline resulted in 27 and 26% decreases in membrane-associated CaM, respectively, and 28 and 35% increases in cytosolic CaM, respectively.	Bethanechol	69-80	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	151-154
2359403-8	1990	Incubation of the SK-N-SH cells with the partial muscarinic agonists bethanechol and arecoline resulted in 27 and 26% decreases in membrane-associated CaM, respectively, and 28 and 35% increases in cytosolic CaM, respectively.	Bethanechol	69-80	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	208-211
2156059-4	1990	Prolonged incubation of SK-N-SH cells with the partial agonist bethanechol also resulted in a desensitization of stimulated PPI turnover but at a slower rate than that observed for carbachol and with a loss of fewer mAChR sites.	Bethanechol	63-74	hedgehog acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	24-28
2329729-4	1990	Hypersecretion of HC1 induced by a parasympathetic stimulant, bethanechol, was inhibited by blood loss or infusion of cytochalasin B, an actin depolymerizing agent.	Bethanechol	62-73	Hypercalciuria QTL 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
1970707-9	1990	Administration of the cholinergic agonist bethanechol, while having no effect on fasting CCK level, inhibited protein-stimulated plasma CCK from 3.9 +/- 0.6 to 1.3 +/- 0.3 pM.	Bethanechol	42-53	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
1970707-11	1990	Thus CCK release is stimulated by dietary protein or fatty acid and by gastrin-releasing peptide and inhibited by somatostatin and bethanechol.	Bethanechol	131-142	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
1697882-4	1990	EGF added to the incubation medium in concentrations ranging from 10(-10)-10(-6) M increased, in a concentration-dependent manner both unstimulated and stimulated by caeruelin or urecholine, amylase release from dispersed pancreatic acini obtained from rats pretreated in 3 h with EGF in a dose of 50 micrograms/kg-h. Spermine given at concentrations ranging from 10(-12)-10(-6) M to the freshly prepared rat pancreatic acini also increased amylase release in a concentration-related manner.	Bethanechol	179-189	epidermal growth factor like 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
1691517-14	1990	VIP (10(-6) g/kg) totally inhibited the LES response to the D50 of BN, SP, and bethanechol.	Bethanechol	79-90	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	0-3
1691517-18	1990	(3) VIP inhibits BN, SP and bethanechol-induced LES contractions.	Bethanechol	28-39	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Felis catus	4-7
35531929-11	2022	Hepatocytes have muscarinic receptors and the M1/M3 agonist bethanechol decreased VTN mRNA and protein release in vitro via M1 receptors.	Bethanechol	60-71	vitronectin	Mus musculus	82-85
35531929-12	2022	Finally, systemic bethanechol treatment blocked stroke-induced plasma VTN.	Bethanechol	18-29	vitronectin	Mus musculus	70-73
2565088-3	1989	PYY at maximal infusion rates inhibited stimulation by CCK by 83%, bethanecol by 55%, and electrical nerve stimulation by 40%.	Bethanechol	67-77	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
2568754-5	1989	Plasma levels of PP were increased dose dependently by bethanechol infusion and were not altered significantly by injections of L364,718.	Bethanechol	55-66	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	17-19
2469109-6	1989	Studies in vitro dispersed rat pancreatic acini showed that GRF added to the incubation medium of these acini caused an increase in basal amylase release and shifted to the left the amylase dose-response curve to caerulein and urecholine but failed to affect the amylase response to VIP.	Bethanechol	227-237	growth hormone releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
2421987-3	1986	Somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 failed to inhibit amylase secretion from isolated acini in basal state and that stimulated with CCK8 and bethanechol.	Bethanechol	141-152	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	0-12
2896373-5	1988	Intracarotid infusions of VIP in sheep produced dose-related increases in both flow (up to 1.9-fold) and protein concentration (up to 42-fold) of submaxillary saliva secreted in response to a background infusion of bethanechol.	Bethanechol	215-226	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Ovis aries	26-29
2896373-6	1988	In pigs, intracarotid infusions of VIP at 0.015, 0.15 and 1.5 nmol/min produced increases in both flow and protein concentration of bethanechol-evoked saliva.	Bethanechol	132-143	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Sus scrofa	35-38
2892879-3	1987	During 120 min of bethanechol infusion (160 micrograms/kg/h) gastrin levels increased but somatostatin levels were unchanged.	Bethanechol	18-29	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	61-68
3591377-5	1987	infusion of bethanechol (10 nmol kg-1 min-1) acting directly on muscarinic receptors on smooth muscle.	Bethanechol	12-23	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-43
2881830-3	1987	Somatostatin, administered at a dosage of 7 micrograms/kg X h, prevented the gallbladder emptying responses to both test meals, sham feeding, and bethanechol.	Bethanechol	146-157	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	0-12
2897272-6	1988	In separate studies, the effect of a background infusion of bethanechol and secretin on the pancreatic response to CCK was assessed in six patients and six normal controls.	Bethanechol	60-71	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	115-118
2894227-5	1988	Furthermore, pepsinogen release in response to bethanechol was dose-dependently inhibited by somatostatin.	Bethanechol	47-58	somatostatin	Homo sapiens	93-105
2888314-1	1987	The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of peptide YY (PYY) on pentagastrin-, histamine-, and bethanechol-stimulated gastric acid secretion and the possible mechanisms by which PYY inhibits gastric acid secretion.	Bethanechol	109-120	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	58-68
2888314-1	1987	The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of peptide YY (PYY) on pentagastrin-, histamine-, and bethanechol-stimulated gastric acid secretion and the possible mechanisms by which PYY inhibits gastric acid secretion.	Bethanechol	109-120	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	70-73
2888314-1	1987	The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of peptide YY (PYY) on pentagastrin-, histamine-, and bethanechol-stimulated gastric acid secretion and the possible mechanisms by which PYY inhibits gastric acid secretion.	Bethanechol	109-120	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	192-195
3557015-10	1987	Our present findings (in combination with our previous findings of inhibition of pentagastrin- and bethanechol-stimulated gastric acid secretion by PYY, independent of the vagal cholinergic mechanism) indicate that the action of PYY is either direct on the parietal cells or is mediated by yet another, unidentified, inhibitor.	Bethanechol	99-110	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	148-151
3557015-10	1987	Our present findings (in combination with our previous findings of inhibition of pentagastrin- and bethanechol-stimulated gastric acid secretion by PYY, independent of the vagal cholinergic mechanism) indicate that the action of PYY is either direct on the parietal cells or is mediated by yet another, unidentified, inhibitor.	Bethanechol	99-110	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	229-232
2872022-2	1986	In other studies the effect of a bethanechol background on the secretin-CCK stimulation of pancreatic secretion was also studied.	Bethanechol	33-44	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	72-75
2872022-5	1986	Bethanechol enhanced the response to secretin and CCK.	Bethanechol	0-11	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	50-53
2421987-3	1986	Somatostatin-14 and somatostatin-28 failed to inhibit amylase secretion from isolated acini in basal state and that stimulated with CCK8 and bethanechol.	Bethanechol	141-152	somatostatin	Rattus norvegicus	20-32
2872716-3	1986	Somatostatin inhibited the pentagastrin- and bethanechol-stimulated gastric acid and pepsin secretion and resulted in an absolute decrease in mucosal blood flow.	Bethanechol	45-56	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-12
2868024-3	1986	The present study seeks to determine the mechanism by which PYY inhibits acid secretion by examining the effects of PYY on gastric acid stimulated by pentagastrin, histamine, and bethanechol.	Bethanechol	179-190	peptide YY	Canis lupus familiaris	60-63
2882504-4	1986	The fasting serum gastrin after bethanechol treatment increased to 1.89 times that of controls treated with saline.	Bethanechol	32-43	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	18-25
2882504-5	1986	Although antrectomy decreased fasting serum gastrin to approximately 40% of controls, serum gastrin increased by 2.17 times that of the antrectomized rats and 1.37 times that of controls in the bethanechol group.	Bethanechol	194-205	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	92-99
2861555-2	1985	In in vitro studies pilocarpine or bethanechol significantly inhibited PTH secretion.	Bethanechol	35-46	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
2861147-0	1985	Calcitonin gene related peptide inhibits basal, pentagastrin, histamine, and bethanecol stimulated gastric acid secretion.	Bethanechol	77-87	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2861147-3	1985	Calcitonin gene related peptide decreased gastric secretion stimulated by histamine, pentagastrin, or bethanecol in anaesthetised rats.	Bethanechol	102-112	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
2862691-0	1985	Effect of somatostatin on bethanechol-stimulated gastric acid secretion and gastric antral motility in dogs with gastric fistula.	Bethanechol	26-37	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	10-22
6143304-6	1984	In each case, antral acidification, somatostatin, prostaglandin E2 and bethanechol affected bombesin-stimulated gastrin release differently from that stimulated by food.	Bethanechol	71-82	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	112-119
3871193-5	1985	Calcitonin gene-related peptide given intracerebroventricularly inhibited gastric acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin, histamine, or bethanecol for 2 h in anesthetized rats.	Bethanechol	139-149	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-31
3871193-9	1985	Calcitonin gene-related peptide decreases gastric secretion stimulated centrally by thyrotropin-releasing hormone and peripherally by pentagastrin, histamine, or bethanecol.	Bethanechol	162-172	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-31
2859651-0	1985	Effect of somatostatin on bethanechol-stimulated gastric pepsin secretion in gastric fistula dogs.	Bethanechol	26-37	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	10-22
2859651-2	1985	Somatostatin inhibited dose-dependently the stimulated pepsin secretion, with a dose of 0.3 micrograms/kg/h being 35% inhibitory during stimulation with bethanechol, 80 micrograms/kg/h.	Bethanechol	153-164	somatostatin	Canis lupus familiaris	0-12
6203762-5	1984	Following bethanechol pretreatment, the stimulation in contractile activity elicited by CCK-8, substance P, neurotensin or pentagastrin was markedly enhanced.	Bethanechol	10-21	neurotensin	Felis catus	108-119
6326613-3	1984	EGF was found to be an effective inhibitor of H+ secretion induced from the fully innervated and vagally denervated portions of the stomach stimulated by secretagogues activating receptors of the parietal cells (pentagastrin, histamine, and urecholine) and by natural stimulants such as sham or ordinary feeding.	Bethanechol	241-251	pro-epidermal growth factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-3
6142655-2	1984	The two lowest doses of pancreatic polypeptide (PP), which produced blood levels lower than measured after a meal, significantly inhibited the pancreatic responses to secretin, caerulein, HCl, and L-phenylalanine; the highest dose of PP inhibited the responses to bethanechol and sodium oleate.	Bethanechol	264-275	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	24-46
6142655-2	1984	The two lowest doses of pancreatic polypeptide (PP), which produced blood levels lower than measured after a meal, significantly inhibited the pancreatic responses to secretin, caerulein, HCl, and L-phenylalanine; the highest dose of PP inhibited the responses to bethanechol and sodium oleate.	Bethanechol	264-275	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	48-50
2982089-8	1985	These four agonists and bethanecol, which could increase [3H]cyclic GMP levels only 18% as well as acetylcholine, behaved as competitive antagonists in this response to carbachol.	Bethanechol	24-34	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Mus musculus	68-71
6146550-5	1984	Bethanechol was a weak stimulant for PP only at the largest tolerable dose.	Bethanechol	0-11	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	37-39
6147097-8	1984	Background infusion of bethanechol totally abolished the inhibitory action of GIP in both the Heidenhain pouch and gastric fistula.	Bethanechol	23-34	GIP	Canis lupus familiaris	78-81
6137560-15	1983	In several cells a saturating response to a prolonged application of LHRH completely occluded the response to bethanechol, and vice versa.	Bethanechol	110-121	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
6887013-2	1983	In the heart, the phospholipase A2 inhibitor mepacrine (10(-4) M) reduced the choline efflux (1.1 nmol g-1 min-1) by 51 +/- 5% (N = 3), whereas several cholinesterase inhibitors (physostigmine, neostigmine and diisopropylfluorophosphate) and muscarinic agonists (acetylcholine, oxotremorine and bethanechol) caused an increase.	Bethanechol	295-306	phospholipase A2 group IB	Rattus norvegicus	18-34
6186444-6	1983	Secretion of PSTI was stimulated by bethanechol (10(-4)M), whereas the secretion of digestive enzymes was not stimulated in the ethanol-fed versus two control groups.	Bethanechol	36-47	serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 1-like	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
6310229-5	1983	The mean increment of PP released by a meal (160 +/- 32 fmol/ml) was significantly increased by bethanecol infusion (316 +/- 49 fmol/ml) (P less than 0.05).	Bethanechol	96-106	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	22-24
6132610-1	1983	Unilateral microinjections of bethanechol chloride into the CA3 subfield of the dorsal hippocampus in unrestrained rats produced a seizure-related type behavioural and disseminated brain damage syndrome.	Bethanechol	30-50	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	60-63
6139724-2	1983	In two of the cell lines (DMS 53, DMS 153) acetylcholine chloride, bethanechol chloride, and carbamylcholine at the concentrations of 10(-3)M to 10(-5)M stimulated secretion of bombesin and calcitonin as measured by RIA.	Bethanechol	67-87	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	177-185
6140926-12	1983	The most important inhibitory effect is exerted on combination gastrin + bethanechol.	Bethanechol	73-84	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	63-70
6131743-5	1983	Measurements of lysozyme assayed from the incubating medium indicated that bethanechol stimulated lysozyme release by 260 +/- 80.9% (mean +/- SE), phenylephrine by 80 +/- 16.4%, and terbutaline by 25 +/- 10.2%.	Bethanechol	75-86	lysozyme C	Mustela putorius furo	16-24
6640079-3	1983	In calcium treated dogs the pancreatic secretion stimulated by graded doses of either caerulein or urecholine showed: a) an increase in the sensitivity of acinar cells to caerulein and urecholine and potentiation by caerulein of the water and bicarbonate response to secretin, in contrast to the decreased sensitivity to secretin alone reported previously.	Bethanechol	99-109	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	321-329
6640079-3	1983	In calcium treated dogs the pancreatic secretion stimulated by graded doses of either caerulein or urecholine showed: a) an increase in the sensitivity of acinar cells to caerulein and urecholine and potentiation by caerulein of the water and bicarbonate response to secretin, in contrast to the decreased sensitivity to secretin alone reported previously.	Bethanechol	99-109	SCT	Canis lupus familiaris	267-275
6131743-5	1983	Measurements of lysozyme assayed from the incubating medium indicated that bethanechol stimulated lysozyme release by 260 +/- 80.9% (mean +/- SE), phenylephrine by 80 +/- 16.4%, and terbutaline by 25 +/- 10.2%.	Bethanechol	75-86	lysozyme C	Mustela putorius furo	98-106
7205646-9	1981	The enhancement of bethanechol-induced secretion was blocked by pretreatment with cimetidine, suggesting histamine H2 receptor stimulation by clonidine.	Bethanechol	19-30	histamine receptor H 2	Rattus norvegicus	105-126
6756897-0	1982	Islet-activating protein (IAP) reduces bethanechol-stimulated release of pancreatic polypeptide in the dog.	Bethanechol	39-50	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	73-95
6840410-3	1983	During a high and constant fluid secretion rate evoked by a background infusion of secretin, additional infusions of both cholecystokinin-pancreozymin and urecholine led to a dose-dependent increase in calcium secretion in pancreatic juice parallel to the rise of protein.	Bethanechol	155-165	secretin	Homo sapiens	83-91
6292038-0	1983	Interaction of the octapeptide of cholecystokinin and gastrin I with bethanechol in the stimulation of feline colonic smooth muscle.	Bethanechol	69-80	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	34-49
6292038-0	1983	Interaction of the octapeptide of cholecystokinin and gastrin I with bethanechol in the stimulation of feline colonic smooth muscle.	Bethanechol	69-80	gastrin	Homo sapiens	54-61
6128663-1	1982	Dibutyryl cyclic guanosine monophosphate (dbcGMP), a specific competitive inhibitor of the gastrin, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) family of peptides in pancreas, gallbladder and ileum, had no effect on basal acid secretion in the isolated mouse stomach nor on secretion stimulated by bethanechol or histamine.	Bethanechol	292-303	gastrin	Mus musculus	91-98
7127210-6	1982	Acute administration of 12 mg kg-1 bethanechol increased circulating gastrin levels for at least 4 h in unanesthetized rats.	Bethanechol	35-46	gastrin	Rattus norvegicus	69-76
6126491-4	1982	Treatment of the patient with a cholinergic agonist, bethanechol chloride, resulted in prolonged clinical improvement, normal bactericidal function, and normal levels of intracellular cyclic GMP.	Bethanechol	53-73	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	191-194
7457732-4	1981	The combination of bombesin and bethanechol caused a significant increase in acid secretion compared with bombesin alone and was associated with a marked inhibition of gastrin release both before and after vagotomy.	Bethanechol	32-43	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	106-114
7457732-4	1981	The combination of bombesin and bethanechol caused a significant increase in acid secretion compared with bombesin alone and was associated with a marked inhibition of gastrin release both before and after vagotomy.	Bethanechol	32-43	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	168-175
467927-0	1979	Effects of atropine and bethanechol on bombesin-stimulated release of pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin in dog.	Bethanechol	24-35	pancreatic polypeptide	Canis lupus familiaris	70-92
6118941-1	1981	The effect of a selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist on urecholine-stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied in conscious gastric fistula dogs.	Bethanechol	56-66	beta-2 adrenergic receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	26-44
908973-4	1977	The LES incompetence in these patients was apparently corrected by administration of bethanechol.	Bethanechol	85-96	fucosyltransferase 3 (Lewis blood group)	Homo sapiens	4-7
486913-2	1979	Despite failure of both conventional treatment with gastric aspiration and intravenous fluids or jejunal feeding, as well as the reported trials with bethanechol chloride and metaclopramide, these patients promptly responded to oxytocin.	Bethanechol	150-170	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	228-236
38334-3	1979	Acetylcholine, nicotine and bethanechol increased, in a dose-related manner, hypothalamic CRH release and content but the maximal responses to bethanechol or nicotine were less than those to acetylcholine.3.	Bethanechol	28-39	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
38334-3	1979	Acetylcholine, nicotine and bethanechol increased, in a dose-related manner, hypothalamic CRH release and content but the maximal responses to bethanechol or nicotine were less than those to acetylcholine.3.	Bethanechol	143-154	corticotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
352137-0	1978	Serum gastrin concentrations following oral bethanechol with and without a meal.	Bethanechol	44-55	gastrin	Homo sapiens	6-13
892351-2	1977	The release of amylase, lipase, and chymotrypsin from rat pancreas in response to urecholine was measured in vitro.	Bethanechol	82-92	lipase G, endothelial type	Rattus norvegicus	24-30
178632-0	1976	[Effect of cyclic amp, papaverine and urecholine on antral gastrin secretion in dog].	Bethanechol	38-48	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	59-66
193340-7	1977	A marked increase in portal gastrin concentration however, was observed when bethanechol chloride was infused.	Bethanechol	77-97	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	28-35
984209-6	1976	Intravenous infusion of human gastrin I heptadecapeptide in controls significantly increased sphincter responses to bethanechol.	Bethanechol	116-127	gastrin	Homo sapiens	30-37
984209-7	1976	Thus, these studies provide evidence to suggest that the LES response to bethanechol is affected by background serum gastrin levels.	Bethanechol	73-84	gastrin	Homo sapiens	117-124
1207241-3	1975	A relevant rise of gastrin in portal blood was only observed during perfusion of bethanechol chloride.	Bethanechol	81-101	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	19-26
964477-1	1976	Rats pretreated by daily depot injections of pentagastric for 24 days, responded with a significant increase of gastric secretion volume, and HC1 concentration and output, when infused intravenously with bethanechol chloride.	Bethanechol	204-224	Hypercalciuria QTL 1	Rattus norvegicus	142-145
168122-5	1975	Urecholine or pentagastrin plus theophylline each generated two approximately equal cyclic AMP concentration peaks (about one-half parietalmucous neck cell concentrations (2.7, 0.22), perhaps by negative feedback, but low dose (2 mg per kg) elevated these values more than pentagastrin or urecholine, and with theophylline they were greatly increased (9.1, 0.32).	Bethanechol	0-10	transmembrane serine protease 5	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
1091726-6	1975	Bethanechol prevented the LPS effect and LPS pretreatment also protected against delayed absorption.	Bethanechol	0-11	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	26-29
4343961-2	1972	Acetylcholine, and cholinomimetic agents with a predominantly muscarinic action, such as methacholine, bethanechol, and pilocarpine, induced an increase in the concentration of cyclic GMP, accompanied by no change or a slight decrease in the concentration of cyclic AMP, in all three tissues studied.	Bethanechol	103-114	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	184-187
4432045-0	1974	Plasma gastrin levels and gastric acid secretion in dogs during administration of urecholine.	Bethanechol	82-92	gastrin	Canis lupus familiaris	7-14
31700039-3	2019	Administration of the muscarinic agonist bethanechol increased insulin secretion and improved glucose tolerance in insulin-receptor substrate 2 (IRS2)-knockout (IRS-2-/-) mice and diet-induced obesity mice.	Bethanechol	41-52	insulin receptor substrate 2	Mus musculus	115-143
31700039-3	2019	Administration of the muscarinic agonist bethanechol increased insulin secretion and improved glucose tolerance in insulin-receptor substrate 2 (IRS2)-knockout (IRS-2-/-) mice and diet-induced obesity mice.	Bethanechol	41-52	insulin receptor substrate 2	Mus musculus	145-149
31700039-3	2019	Administration of the muscarinic agonist bethanechol increased insulin secretion and improved glucose tolerance in insulin-receptor substrate 2 (IRS2)-knockout (IRS-2-/-) mice and diet-induced obesity mice.	Bethanechol	41-52	insulin receptor substrate 2	Mus musculus	161-166
31700039-6	2019	The phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) induced by oral administration of bethanechol was observed in wild-type mice, but not IRS-2-/- mice.	Bethanechol	80-91	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	41-44
31700039-7	2019	The secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was also stimulated by bethanechol in wild-type mice, and a GLP-1 antagonist partially inhibited the bethanechol-induced increase in beta-cell mass.	Bethanechol	72-83	glucagon	Mus musculus	17-40
31700039-7	2019	The secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was also stimulated by bethanechol in wild-type mice, and a GLP-1 antagonist partially inhibited the bethanechol-induced increase in beta-cell mass.	Bethanechol	72-83	glucagon	Mus musculus	42-47
31700039-7	2019	The secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was also stimulated by bethanechol in wild-type mice, and a GLP-1 antagonist partially inhibited the bethanechol-induced increase in beta-cell mass.	Bethanechol	150-161	glucagon	Mus musculus	17-40
31700039-7	2019	The secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was also stimulated by bethanechol in wild-type mice, and a GLP-1 antagonist partially inhibited the bethanechol-induced increase in beta-cell mass.	Bethanechol	150-161	glucagon	Mus musculus	42-47
31700039-7	2019	The secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was also stimulated by bethanechol in wild-type mice, and a GLP-1 antagonist partially inhibited the bethanechol-induced increase in beta-cell mass.	Bethanechol	150-161	glucagon	Mus musculus	109-114
31700039-9	2019	The bethanechol-stimulated release of GLP-1 may be indirectly associated with beta-cell proliferation.	Bethanechol	4-15	glucagon	Mus musculus	38-43
29380034-6	2018	In the absence of an airway insult, we expected to find no evidence of airway inflammation; however, transcripts for several asthma-associated cytokines, including IL17A, IL1A, and IL8, were elevated in the tracheas of bethanechol-treated piglets.	Bethanechol	219-230	interleukin 17A	Homo sapiens	164-169
30185628-3	2018	Here, we found that subdiaphragmatic vagotomy in LSL-Kras +/G12D;Pdx1-Cre (KC) mice accelerated PDAC development, whereas treatment with the systemic muscarinic agonist bethanechol restored the normal KC phenotype, thereby suppressing the accelerated tumorigenesis caused by vagotomy.	Bethanechol	169-180	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Mus musculus	65-73
30185628-4	2018	In LSL-Kras +/G12D;LSL-Trp53 +/R172H;Pdx1-Cre mice with established PDAC, bethanechol significantly extended survival.	Bethanechol	74-85	Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	Mus musculus	7-11
30185628-4	2018	In LSL-Kras +/G12D;LSL-Trp53 +/R172H;Pdx1-Cre mice with established PDAC, bethanechol significantly extended survival.	Bethanechol	74-85	transformation related protein 53	Mus musculus	23-28
30185628-4	2018	In LSL-Kras +/G12D;LSL-Trp53 +/R172H;Pdx1-Cre mice with established PDAC, bethanechol significantly extended survival.	Bethanechol	74-85	pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1	Mus musculus	37-41
29778241-11	2018	Guanethidine or bethanechol restored the apelin-induced gastroinhibition partially, while it was abolished completely in rats received both agents.	Bethanechol	16-27	apelin	Rattus norvegicus	41-47
29380034-6	2018	In the absence of an airway insult, we expected to find no evidence of airway inflammation; however, transcripts for several asthma-associated cytokines, including IL17A, IL1A, and IL8, were elevated in the tracheas of bethanechol-treated piglets.	Bethanechol	219-230	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	171-175
29380034-6	2018	In the absence of an airway insult, we expected to find no evidence of airway inflammation; however, transcripts for several asthma-associated cytokines, including IL17A, IL1A, and IL8, were elevated in the tracheas of bethanechol-treated piglets.	Bethanechol	219-230	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	181-184
29380034-7	2018	In the lungs, prior bethanechol treatment increased transcripts for IFNgamma and its downstream target CXCL10.	Bethanechol	20-31	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	68-76
29380034-7	2018	In the lungs, prior bethanechol treatment increased transcripts for IFNgamma and its downstream target CXCL10.	Bethanechol	20-31	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Homo sapiens	103-109
27304975-7	2016	The 150 mg dose of bethanechol increased the PP response 2-fold only in the IGT group, amplified GLP-1 release in the IGT and T2DM groups, and augmented the GIP response only in the NGT group.	Bethanechol	19-30	pancreatic polypeptide	Homo sapiens	45-47
28635176-10	2018	After 4 weeks bethanechol treatment, Mdr2-/- mice showed less liver injury compared to controls.	Bethanechol	14-25	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 4	Mus musculus	37-41
29177486-14	2018	In vitro, GLP-1 and ROSE-010 prevented contractions by bethanechol and electric field stimulation (P < 0.005 to 0.05).	Bethanechol	55-66	glucagon	Homo sapiens	10-15
27304975-7	2016	The 150 mg dose of bethanechol increased the PP response 2-fold only in the IGT group, amplified GLP-1 release in the IGT and T2DM groups, and augmented the GIP response only in the NGT group.	Bethanechol	19-30	glucagon	Homo sapiens	97-102
27304975-7	2016	The 150 mg dose of bethanechol increased the PP response 2-fold only in the IGT group, amplified GLP-1 release in the IGT and T2DM groups, and augmented the GIP response only in the NGT group.	Bethanechol	19-30	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	157-160
25683465-9	2015	Treatment with IL-1beta enhanced paracellular permeability (4kD dextran) and reduced impedance across the monolayer, which was counteracted by pre-incubation with acetylcholine, or muscarinic receptor agonist bethanechol.	Bethanechol	209-220	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	15-23
26206857-13	2015	In human intestinal muscle strips precontracted by bethanechol, NPS 1-1,000 nmol/l induced NO-dependent muscle relaxation (P < 0.05) that was sensitive also to tetrodotoxin (P < 0.01).	Bethanechol	51-62	neuropeptide S	Homo sapiens	64-67
23587885-6	2013	The OXT-induced gastric relaxation was enhanced following bethanechol and reduced by l-NAME administration, suggesting a nitrergic mechanism of gastroinhibition.	Bethanechol	58-69	oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
23617763-9	2013	Also, in tumors, bethanechol treatment increased expression of Chrm3, Egfr and post-Egfr signaling molecules Myc and cyclin D1.	Bethanechol	17-28	cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 3, cardiac	Mus musculus	63-68
23617763-9	2013	Also, in tumors, bethanechol treatment increased expression of Chrm3, Egfr and post-Egfr signaling molecules Myc and cyclin D1.	Bethanechol	17-28	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	70-74
23617763-9	2013	Also, in tumors, bethanechol treatment increased expression of Chrm3, Egfr and post-Egfr signaling molecules Myc and cyclin D1.	Bethanechol	17-28	epidermal growth factor receptor	Mus musculus	84-88
23617763-9	2013	Also, in tumors, bethanechol treatment increased expression of Chrm3, Egfr and post-Egfr signaling molecules Myc and cyclin D1.	Bethanechol	17-28	myelocytomatosis oncogene	Mus musculus	109-112
23617763-9	2013	Also, in tumors, bethanechol treatment increased expression of Chrm3, Egfr and post-Egfr signaling molecules Myc and cyclin D1.	Bethanechol	17-28	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	117-126
23617763-10	2013	Bethanechol treatment increased the thickness of normal colonic mucosa and the expression of selected matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp) genes, including Mmp7, Mmp10 and Mmp13.	Bethanechol	0-11	matrix metallopeptidase 7	Mus musculus	150-154
23617763-10	2013	Bethanechol treatment increased the thickness of normal colonic mucosa and the expression of selected matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp) genes, including Mmp7, Mmp10 and Mmp13.	Bethanechol	0-11	matrix metallopeptidase 10	Mus musculus	156-161
23617763-10	2013	Bethanechol treatment increased the thickness of normal colonic mucosa and the expression of selected matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp) genes, including Mmp7, Mmp10 and Mmp13.	Bethanechol	0-11	matrix metallopeptidase 13	Mus musculus	166-171